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Home My WebLink About20150377.tiff SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW (USR) APPLICATION FOR PLANNING DEPARTMENT USE DATE RECEIVED: RECEIPT#/AMOUNT# /$ CASE#ASSIGNED: APPLICATION RECEIVED BY PLANNER ASSIGNED: Parcel Number - - - - (12 digit number-found on Tax I.D.information.obtainable at the Weld County Assessor's Office.or WVAti cc we!Q,Co us) Legal Description See Application Package , Section_, Township North, Range_West Zone District: A , Total Acreage: , Flood Plain: No , Geological Hazard: No Airport Overlay District: No FEE OWNER(S) OF THE PROPERTY: Name: Work Phone# Home Phone# Email Address: Address: City/State/Zip Code Name: Work Phone# Home Phone# Email Address: Address: City/State/Zip Code Name: Work Phone# Home Phone# Email Address: Address: City/State/Zip Code APPLICANT OR AUTHORIZED AGENT(See Below:Authorization must accompany applications signed by Authorized Agent) Name: Tri-State Generation and Transmission, Inc. Work Phone# 303-254-3720 Home Phone# Email skoler@tristategt.org Address: 1100 W. 116th Ave Address: City/State/Zip Code Westminster, CO 80233-0695 PROPOSED USE: Southwest Weld Expansion Project-Phase I I (We) hereby depose and state under penalties of perjury that all statements, proposals, and/or plans submitted with or contained within the application are true and correct to the best of my (our)knowledge. Signatures of all fee owners of property must sign this application. If an Authorized Agent signs, a letter of authorization from all fee owners must be included with the application. If a corporation is the fee owner, notarized evidence must be included indicating that the signatory has to legal authority to sign for the corporation. t ��, fta€2vr Ignature: Owner or Authorized Agent * D e t Signature: Owner or Authorized Agent Date *Joel K. Bladow, as Senior Vice President, Transmission, signing in said capacity for and on behalf of Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. CaTRI-STATE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ASSOCIATION, INC. HEADQUARTERS: P.O. BOX 33695 DENVER, COLORADO 80233-0695 303-452-6111 Weld County Planning and Zoning Planning and Building Department 1555 North 17111 Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 August 19, 2014 RE: Southwest Weld County Expansion Project Phase 1, Use by Special Review and 1014 Application Packet, Weld County, Colorado. Greenhouse Holdings, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. (Tri-State), and its sole member and manager. Greenhouse Holdings, LLC hereby gives permission for Tri- State to seek all necessary permits associated with the above listed project as it pertains to the property located in Weld County,Colorado under the deed recorded at reception number R6780586. GREENHOUSE HOLDINGS,LLC: By: Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. its Sole Member Manager By: MftiCka Q C AA C. L-c, Micheal S. McInnes Its: Executive Vice President and General Manager AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER CRAIG STATION ESCALANTE STATION NUCLA STATION P.O.BOX 1307 P.O.BOX 577 P.O.BOX 698 A Touchstone Energy Cooperative ,,,,,ifr CRAIG,CO 81626-1307 PREWITT,NM 97045 NUCLA,CO 81434.0698 970-814.4411 505-876-2271 970-864-7316 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application Site-Specific Development Plan and Use by Special Review (USR) Questionnaire 1. Explain, in detail, the proposed use of the property. The proposed use of the property is described in the following sections of the Weld County 1041 Permit Application: Project Description, Introduction, Purpose and Need, and Proposed Action Sections. 2. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 22 of the Comprehensive Plan. The Weld County Code, Chapter 22, Comprehensive Plan, has been reviewed and the proposed substation and transmission lines are consistent with the intent of the Comprehensive Plan, including Land Use, Environmental Resources, and Natural Resources. The proposed substation and transmission lines are located in the Agriculture Zone. Although the transmission line is not an agricultural use, it is a land use that is commonly located in agricultural areas and does not conflict with the goals outlined in the Comprehensive Plan. Careful site planning can be developed with only a localized loss of agricultural land quality. Ground disturbance for the transmission line is generally limited to the area immediately around the base of each pole. The substation would occur on lands previous removed from agricultural use for historic greenhouses that have since be demolished. Agricultural practices could continue on adjacent lands. Impacts to environmental resources such as air, water, waste, noise, and public health would be minimal and limited to the construction period (see Sections 21-3-330.B.5.g, 21-3-330.B.12, and 21-3-330.B.15). Mitigation practices described in Appendix C of this Weld County 1041 Application would be implemented to minimize impacts to environmental resources. Natural resources such as sensitive wildlife areas, recreation areas, and mineral and energy resources would not be impacted by the proposed Project. Impacts to and proposed mitigation for sensitive wildlife are described in the Wildlife and Critical Wildlife Habitat section and Appendix C of this Weld County 1041 Application. No parks, open space or recreation areas are located near the Project. A number of oil and gas wells and associated facilities occur in the vicinity of the proposed transmission lines and substation. Detailed design of the transmission line will ensure that poles are located to avoid any impact on these facilities. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 1 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application 3. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 23 (Zoning) and the zone district in which it is located. The proposed Project is located within the Agricultural Zone District. Major facilities of public utilities may be constructed, operated, and maintained in the Agricultural Zone District upon approval of a permit in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in Article II, Division 4 of Chapter 23 of the Weld County Code. Major facilities of a public utility are also subject to the provisions of section 23-4-420. This section of the code states that the applicant shall have the burden of proof to demonstrate that there is a need for the facility within the proposed area of service; this is discussed in the Purpose and Need section of this Weld County 1041 Application. 4. What types of uses surround the site (explain how the proposed use is consistent and compatible with surrounding land uses). The area is largely used for agricultural purposes, oil and gas development, and rural residences. There are numerous existing transmission line corridors in the area including one between the proposed Greenhouse Substation and the Henry Lake Substation and between the Greenhouse Substation and the Davis Substation. This Project would be compatible with the existing surrounding land uses. There are four residences located within 500 feet of the transmission lines. There are multiple oil and gas wells and facilities, and existing 230-kV, 345-kV and 115-kV transmission lines in the area as well. 5. Describe in detail, the following: a. Number of people who will use the site Following construction, no people would use this site, other than those performing routine maintenance and monitoring of the transmission line and substation. b. Number of employees proposed to be employed at this site The maximum number of construction workers at any one time would be approximately 68. The Project would generate infrequent trips to the transmission lines and substation during operations with the line being inspected annually and for occasional maintenance. See Section 21-3-330.B.7 of the Weld County 1041 Application for additional information. c. Hours of operation Not applicable. 2 Appendix E—USR Questionnaire Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application d. Type and number of structures to be erected (built) on this site Approximately 79-124 transmission line structures would be used to transmit electricity over the 115-kV and 230-kV transmission lines. The new 115-kV and 230- kV transmission lines will be constructed out of wood and self-weathering steel. The right-of-way for the 115-kV transmission line will be between 75 and 100 feet and between 125 and 150 feet for the 230-kV line. Total length of the transmission lines are approximately 11.5 miles. e. Type and number of animals, if any, to be on this site No animals would be on this site in association with the transmission line. f. Kind of vehicles (type, size,weight) of vehicles that will access this site and how often Construction equipment and duration of construction is found in Table 8 in Section 21-3-330.B.7 of the Weld County 1041 Application. g. Who will provide fire protection to the site The proposed Project is located in the Fort Lupton and Greater Brighton Fire Protection Districts. All applicable fire laws and regulations, as outlined in the Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS) 31-16-601, would be observed during the construction period. Tri-State would advise construction personnel of their responsibilities under the applicable fire laws and regulations, including taking practical measures to report and suppress fires. h. Water source on the property(both domestic and irrigation) Potable water for construction crews would be provided by a potable water supplier. A constant domestic water supply will not be supplied for the site. Minimal quantities of water for construction dust suppression would be brought in by a water truck on an as-needed basis. There will be no permanent water supply at the proposed Project site. i. Sewage disposal system on the property(existing and proposed) Sanitary portable toilets with a regular cleaning service would be provided for the construction crew. There are no plans for a permanent sewage disposal system associated with the proposed Project. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 3 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application j. If storage or warehousing is proposed, what type of items will be stored There would be temporary storage of construction materials at the proposed staging areas. Construction, operation, and maintenance activities would comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding the use of hazardous substances. The only hazardous chemicals anticipated to be used on site are those found in diesel fuel, gasoline, coolant(ethylene glycol), and lubricants in machinery. Hazardous materials would not be drained onto the ground or into streams or drainage areas. In its contract with the construction contractor, Tri-State will specify that it will hold a required pre-construction meeting with the contractor to ensure that all applicable laws and Tri-State's procedures will be followed. Tri-State's Project Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects are attached as Appendix C of the Weld County 1041 Application. Enclosed containment would be provided for all trash. All construction waste, including trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other potentially hazardous materials would be removed to a disposal facility authorized to accept such materials. 6. Explain the proposed landscaping for the site. The landscaping shall be separately submitted as a landscape plan map as part of the application submittal. No landscaping would be performed in association with construction of the transmission lines or substation. 7. Explain any proposed reclamation procedures when termination of the Use by Special Review activity occurs. Tri-State will exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and will conduct its construction operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring, or defacing of the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Mitigation practices described in Appendix C of the Weld County 1041 Application shall be implemented to minimize impacts to environmental resources. Except where clearing is required for permanent works or excavation operations, all trees, native shrubbery, and vegetation shall be preserved and protected from damage by the construction operations and equipment. On completion of the work, all work areas except existing access roads and substation sites would be revegetated as soon as practical using a landowner approved seed mixture. Alternatively, in areas where mutually agreed to by Tri-State and landowner, the ground shall be scarified or left in a condition that would facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion. Site-specific revegetation measures would be developed after consultation with the landowner or land manager. All 4 Appendix E—USR Questionnaire Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application destruction, scarring, damage, or defacing of the landscape resulting from the contractor's operations shall be repaired by the contractor. 8. Explain how the stormwater drainage will be handled at the site. A drainage report is not being required as part of the application materials. The project would not adversely affect drainage. Drainage from the Greenhouse substation would be directed towards a proposed detention pond located to the south of the facilities on the substation property. 9. Explain how long it will take to construct this site and when construction and landscaping is scheduled to begin. Construction is expected to begin in mid-to late-2015 and be completed in early 2016. Reseeding would be completed as soon as practicable after construction. 10. Explain where storage and/or stockpile of wastes will occur on this site. Materials would be temporarily stored at the staging areas during construction, but there would be no stockpile of wastes on site. Dumpsters would be provided for construction waste and would be emptied on a regular or as-needed basis. There will be no permanent storage or waste stockpiles on site. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 5 Southwest Weld J Expansion Project Phase I Use by Special Review and 1041 Application Packet , Weld Count County , Colorado August 20 , 2014 Submitted to: Weld County Planning and Zoning Department of Planning Services 1555 N . 17th Ave. Greeley, CO 80631 Submitted by: TRI - STATE Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. A Touchstone Energy oope at1w ' 'a( 1100 W 116th Ave. Westminster, CO 80234 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application CONTENTS PROJECT DESCRIPTION (SATISFIES 21 -3-330.C. 1 .A—G) 1 Introduction 1 Who is Tri-State? 1 Project Description 1 Purpose and Need 2 Alternatives to the Proposed Project 5 Transmission System Alternatives 5 Transmission Line Routing Alternatives 5 Public Outreach 11 USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW APPLICATION CHAPTER 23, ARTICLE II, DIVISION 4 OF THE WELD COUNTY CODE 13 23-2-240 . Design Standards. 13 23-2-250 . Operation Standards. . 19 23-2-260 . Application Requirements 20 AREAS AND ACTIVITIES OF STATE INTEREST-APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS 43 21 -3-330 Application Submittal Requirements 43 21 -3-330.A—Application Requirements for a Major Facility of a Public Utility 43 21 -3-330. B-Submittal Requirements 43 21 -3-330.B. 1 —Map Requirements 43 21 -3-330.B.2—Title Information 44 21 -3-330. B.3—Application Submittal Requirements 49 21 -3-330. B.5—Other Information 49 21 -3-330 .B .6—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Constraints Affecting Site Selection and Construction 61 21 -3-330. B.7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line (satisfies 21 -3-330.C.2.a) 62 21 -3-330.B .8—Long-Term Effects upon Physical and Socioeconomic Development 70 21 -3-330.B.9—Mitigation of Adverse Impacts and Maximization of Positive Impacts 70 21 -3-330 .B. 10—Non-Structural Alternatives 70 21 -3-330.B. 11 -Structural Alternatives 70 21 -3-330 .B. 12—Air and Water Pollution Impacts and Control Alternatives 70 21 -3-330. B. 13—Design Alternatives: Access, Landscaping, and Architecture 71 21 -3-330.B. 14—New or Upgraded Services 71 21 -3-330. B. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual, and Noise Impacts 71 21 -3-330.B. 16-Surface and Subsurface Drainage 76 REFERENCES 79 TABLES Table 1 : Greenhouse to Henry Lake Comparative Data 9 Table 2 : Greenhouse to Davis Substation Comparative Data* 10 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 3 : Transmission Line Characteristics 28 Table 4a: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse—Davis 44 Table 4b: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse—Henry Lake 44 Table 5a: Real Property Owners—Greenhouse—Davis 47 Table 5b: Real Property Owners—Greenhouse—Henry Lake 48 Table 6 : Project Schedule 50 Table 7 : Common Sources of Magnetic Fields 56 Table 8 : Routing Objectives 61 Table 9 : Typical Construction Personnel and Equipment—Transmission Line 63 Table 10: Weight of Construction Vehicles 63 Table 11 : Threatened or Endangered Species in Weld County 66 Table 12: Soil Shrink/Swell Classes 72 Table 13: Soil Erodibility Classes 75 FIGURES Figure 1A: Study Area 3 Figure 1B : Alternatives 7 Figure 2: Vicinity Map 17 Figure 3: Plot Plan 23 Figure 4A: Typical Structure Types-115-kV Wood Pole Tangent 29 Figure 4B : Typical Structure Types-115-kV Steel Pole Tangent 30 Figure 4C: Typical Structure Types-230-kV Steel Pole Tangent 31 Figure 4D : Typical Structure Types-115-kV Wood H-Frame 32 Figure 4E : Typical Structure Types-230-kV Wood H-Frame 33 Figure 5: Soil Shrink/Swell Potential 41 Figure 6: Land Cover 51 Figure 7: Land Use 53 Figure 8: Water Resources 67 Figure 9A: Soil Erodibility by Water 73 Figure 9B : Soil Erodibility by Wind 77 ii Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application APPENDICES Appendix A: Transmission Routing Study Appendix B: Tri-State Position Statement on EMF Health Effects Appendix C : Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects Appendix D : NRCS Soils Report Appendix E : USR Questionnaire iii Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. iv Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS A Agricultural (Zone District) APLIC Avian Power Line Interaction Committee APP Avian Protection Plan BMP Best Management Practice CDPHE Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment CFR Code of Federal Regulations CPW Colorado Parks and Wildlife (formerly DOW) CR County Road dBA decibels EMF electromagnetic fields EPM Environmental Protection Measures FAA Federal Aviation Administration FPD Fire Protection District kV kilovolt mG milligauss MW megawatts MVA megavolte ampere NESC National Electrical Safety Code NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places PM Prime Meridian PM10 particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter Project Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I PUC (Colorado) Public Utilities Commission PVREA Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association, Inc. R Range ROW Right-of-way S Section SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SWEP Southwest Weld Expansion Project T Township Tri-State Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association , Inc. USFWS U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service USR Use by Special Review v Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. vi Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application PROJECT DESCRIPTION (SATISFIES 21 -3-330 .C . 1 .A-G) INTRODUCTION This document is being submitted by Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. (Tri-State) to request review of Phase I of the proposed Southwest Weld Expansion Project (SWEP) under the provisions of the Weld County 1041 process. This submittal includes the purpose and need and description of the proposed Project, which is situated on privately owned property in Weld County. Who is Tri-State ? Tri-State is a wholesale electric power supplier owned by the 44 electric cooperatives and public power districts (the "Member Systems") that it serves. Tri-State generates and transports electricity to its member systems throughout a 200.000-square-mile service territory across Colorado, Nebraska, New LThe Cooperative Difference Mexico, and Wyoming . Tri-State was founded in 1952 and today supplies power for Electric cooperatives are private, not-for-profit utilities approximately 1 .5 million consumers in the four owned and governed by the members they serve. states. Tri-State serves its member systems Electric cooperatives bridge the vast expanse of rural through a combination of owned base load, America to energize residences, farms, ranches, intermediate, and peaking power plants that businesses, and communities that have organized use coal and natural gas as their primary fuels, cooperatively and accept the responsibility for supplemented by purchased power, federal delivering safe, affordable, and reliable power. hydroelectricity allocations, and renewable energy. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Tri-State is proposing to construct a series of new transmission lines and substations, called the Southwest Weld Expansion Project, to establish new delivery points for its Member System, United Power. The Project will be located in rural Weld County, east of Fort Lupton, Colorado, and is primarily intended to serve existing load and the growing oil and gas development in the area. Phase I of the project will include the following components: • A new 230/115/69/34.5-kilovolt (kV) substation located adjacent to Tri-State's existing J.M. Shafer Generating Station called the Greenhouse Substation • Approximately 5 miles of 115-kV transmission line from Tri-State's existing Davis Substation to the new Greenhouse Substation • Less than 0 . 1 mile of new 230-kV tie-line between the new Greenhouse Substation and the existing J. M . Shafer Substation • Approximately 6. 5 miles of single-circuit 230-kV transmission line from the new Greenhouse Substation south to Tri-State's existing Henry Lake Substation • Construction staging areas used for the duration of construction to store equipment and stage construction located at the Henry Lake Substation, near the Davis Substation, and 1 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application at the proposed Greenhouse Substation . Each staging area will have two construction trailers, multiple storage containers, and other associated equipment. United Power will construct distribution lines (< 115-kv, and as defined in Section 23. 1 .90 of Weld County Code) out of the Greenhouse Substation, not included as part of this Project, and a use allowed by right in the Agricultural Zone District. The project also includes breaker additions at the following substations, not expected to require a Weld County permit because they would occur within the existing substation boundary: Henry Lake, J .M . Shafer, and Davis. The substation and transmission line construction would begin in mid- to late-2015 and the facilities are expected to be in-service in early 2016. The proposed transmission lines will be approximately 11 .5 miles in length and located entirely on private lands. The new 115-kV and 230-kV transmission lines will be constructed out of wood and self-weathering steel. The right-of-way for the 115-kV transmission line will be between 75 and 100 feet wide and between 125 and 150 feet wide for the 230-kV line. The Project occurs primarily in unincorporated Weld County. The Greenhouse Substation and the transmission lines coming out of the substation would be located within the City of Fort Lupton . The Henry Lake Substation and approximately 525 feet of transmission line would be located within the City of Brighton . PURPOSE AND NEED Tri-State is a regional, wholesale electric power supplier owned by the Member Systems that it serves. Tri-State is obligated to provide reliable, efficient, cost-based , wholesale power to these Member Systems, who in turn provide retail electric service to their end-use member- consumers. United Power, one of Tri-State's Member Systems, has received formal requests for service to several large industrial loads in southwest Weld County primarily for oil and gas extraction, processing, and transportation . These load requests include approximately 100 megawatts (MW) for oil and gas production facilities, 90 MW for gas processing plants, and 120 MW for oil and gas transportation. The transportation loads consist of twelve compressor sites each with a demand of 10-12 MW. Additionally, United Power anticipates a significant amount of native residential load growth in support of oil and gas development. Together, these retail load requests exceed 300 MW and cannot be accommodated by United Power's existing 34 .5-kV sub-transmission and distribution systems in the area. Tri-State has also received inquiries from one of its other members, Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (PVREA) for an additional 15-50 MW in the area south of Kersey and immediately north of United Power's service area. Upgrades to the electrical infrastructure to serve these needs will be completed as part of Phase II of the Southwest Weld Expansion Project or as part of potential future facilities (Figure 1A). Tri-State expects to submit County permit applications for Phase II later this year. 2 E 3 ` - . v - :J d I 7 C :. - L *y s 1 CJ 61 O t .E Q Q to 0 'y {. • C7SSe ` .y i. N H — es cl.3L L w Y .�g 7 a - IFi + C~C V .o a a E e E � !� S t c c }}. ill ,.. 1 t O CU = a a c c c o di It I it e j ;Ifs 1 II I •, , i ( 7 c y .Ts Q ! Ki .1; i y Nja) cn 0 H ,� !Ili i ¢ ii -- a . 3 c c A t � ti4 . ti CAE y U U = U � Iiililtt 1 � li iii ji! •: 3 d U N U O CCi N 44 1113 R it 4 - L a a a w a a a w �`.1 ! !st' t 3PI ;II ( o F" v°1 �j} of d b z s F t 1 ., ,j = .�• e]_ CODA I I li . ... ats i • g r V U 2 N . L } " V 2 uJ I— U) o C D ,t.' i C .c l4 co I\ -- .. . Y ZO m m • g n�10£Z z - • .� _. • O U • > Cr 11i W A�ISLI g ,, . ... , . ct w j n�lo£z 1 � � G a • _ N CD 1.} _ m �3 C9 • -_f . ._ If i fig I it \ I ►- CM �;et n r- r--. > 7 . _.. to • i r r W Q t _.�. _ W i r• •M 1 • ° I Waa i Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 4 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT Transmission System Alternatives Two electrical system alternatives were evaluated to address the need for the Project. Alternative A: No Action Taking no action would result in no power delivery to our Member and their customers. The No Action Alternative does not meet the need of the Project. Alternative B: New Substations and 115-kV and 230-kV Transmission Line Connections This alternative would involve the construction of approximately 11 .5 miles of transmission line and one new substation. Alternative B would provide the necessary power to supply oil and gas facilities in the area, as requested by Member customers. The preferred system alternative is Alternative B. Alternative B meets the Project's purpose and need and provides a cost-effective, secure, and reliable source of power for Tri-State's Members, United Power, and their customers. Transmission Line Routing Alternatives The process used to identify alternative locations for the transmission lines began with delineating the Study Area (for all phases of the Project). The general location for the substation site and the transmission lines were initially identified based on the location of the oil and gas facilities, interconnection considerations, existing infrastructure , and residences. The locations of these features heavily influenced the area of consideration for the transmission line and substation. A Transmission Routing Study was completed for the Study Area (Appendix A) to help determine potential routes for the Project based on a number of criteria, including, but not limited to the following: • Length following existing linear features • Number of residences in proximity • Agricultural uses (e.g. center pivots) • Shortest length between substations • Engineering factors (e.g . airports, stream crossings) • Property lines • Proximity to wells and other oil and gas facilities A detailed description of the Transmission Routing Study is provided in Section 21 -3-330.B.6, and in Appendix A. A summary of the alternatives for each segment of the Project is provided in Figure 1B and summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Greenhouse Substation to Henry Lake Substation (Greenhouse—Henry Lake' The preliminary routes for the proposed 230-kV Greenhouse—Henry Lake transmission line were identified along existing transmission lines and pipelines as well as field lines 5 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application (Figure 1 B). An existing utility corridor, which is located directly north of the Henry Lake Substation and going north toward Fort Lupton, presented an opportunity for routing, although a communication facility is located within the corridor and another transmission line running east-west crosses the corridor. This route along the central utility corridor was adjusted slightly to accommodate separation to the communication facility and crossing of the existing transmission line. An additional route was identified to the west that makes use of less populated areas and field lines to proceed north to the proposed Greenhouse Substation site. A route to the east was not evaluated because of the extensive residential development. Variations of the two routes were combined for a third alternative. Greenhouse-Henry Lake Preferred Route The Preferred route (Figure 1 B) makes use of the existing utility corridor between the Henry Lake Substation and the southern Fort Lupton area . The route has the shortest length and has the highest percentage of its length adjacent to existing linear features. This route also has the fewest number of oil and gas wells within 200 feet of the centerline and the fewest number of center pivots within 75 feet of the centerline. It has the fewest residences within both 200 feet and 500 feet and the fewest number of parcels within the 150-foot right-of-way (ROW). The Preferred route also has the fewest number of communications facilities within 200 feet of the centerline. Greenhouse-Henry Lake Alternative 1 Alternative 1 (Figure 1B) starts at the Greenhouse Substation and goes directly south out of the substation site, paralleling Weld County Road 31 for a short distance, and turns east to parallel the northern side of 9`h Street/Weld County Road 14. Alternative 1 then turns south mid-field for approximately 2 miles. The route angles southeast to avoid a residence and outbuildings before continuing south for 0.8 mile. The route then turns west and parallels a property line for 0.3 mile before continuing south approximately 1 .5 miles mid-field. The route turns east to parallel the northern side of Weld County Road 4 and into the Henry Lake Substation from the western property line. Only a small portion of this route is adjacent to linear facilities, and it crosses through the center of seven parcels. It would create an additional corridor approximately 0.5 mile from the existing corridor. Greenhouse-Henry Lake Alternative 2 Alternative 2 (Figure 1 B) follows the alignment of Alternative 1 for the majority of the route before it turns due west to follow a property line and join with the southern segment of the Preferred route and enter into the Henry Lake Substation from the north . This route was the longest and had the most residences within 500 feet of the centerline and a residence within 200 feet of the line. It also had the most communication facilities within 200 feet of the centerline and crossed the most parcels. 6 1 1 4 , DAVIS -•- .. i - --------- --------- r •:� • I� •-;.. SHAPER r_/ reenhouse r P V i a1 ' 11 . I 11 Si ; 1 i . . Jii j -- si i •---4---_ •I ,1 II Ilt li s - i • • 0 \, 1 I1 . • • c . - . If:\ ;1 1 111 _. III 1y u i n1 u1 n d SIPRES ;i r 1 HENRY ... LAKE i I __ / TtbStair(:rnrrationand A Existing Substation----- MSS.„ `^'�"°""'"""°°' n.w.c....WIWI Mega T.SWIMS Transmission Association. inc. ^^` u»M..uaa�...r ��r .r��rw...rr«.ter... M'«an illU CO 01234 Q Project Substation r. "":.'a Southwest Weld Expansion Project - a...«:�` `c.,.ik.la. Staging Area . rrr.a.r+� zrw�.r.r.. $OIJI�aa r Figure 1B - Alternatives .. :�=,In^�:—'" .e Its-star cw0wale0.e".r..... • Preferred Alignment �,,•,,, � ' Alternative Alignment 1 �r..d«.rr. ''�"' 1,699 6�'"' Dow C... .1 Y Nit owe C.N.. .MwJ Alternative Alignment 2 nao.Nro.a�lclnini0a1 a.«asr+ . sAOuOnav[r i.s [��ra1 srnre rr.w�wur.r ��` «— NOTE:Tar vaaY al aped YaTrpe�M TNIyYee r•d•^I.. Tar«w Mono. .. "- Transmission- Tn-State NIISW l tenarr�laan ISM toRn0o.I1 °i"' �"�"'"`�"" Sae ra a ra s mar I 1 I Wes 0 om os os Transmission- Other Utilities Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 8 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 1 : Greenhouse to Henry Lake Comparative Data Preferred Comparative Criteria Route Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Engineering Factors Overall length (miles) 6. 18 6.21 7. 10 Percent length adjacent to linear features—e.g. 60.28% 18.29% 25.06% roads, rail, transmission and distribution lines Number of transmission line crossings 2 2 2 Oil and Gas and Industrial Factors Oil and gas wells within 200 feet 0 0 2 Jurisdiction/Land Use Factors Center pivots within 75 feet 0 1 1 Residences and Other Structures Residences within 75-200 feet of centerline 0 0 1 Total residences within 500 feet of centerline 0 4 5 Number of parcels within 75 feet of centerline 18 22 29 Number of communication facilities within 75-200 feet 2 2 4 of centerline Greenhouse Substation to Davis Substation (Greenhouse—Davis) The area between the Greenhouse Substation site and the Davis Substation is heavily congested with existing gas pipelines, electric transmission lines, subdivided residential properties, and oil and gas wells and facilities. Portions of the preliminary routes for the Greenhouse Substation to Davis Substation were identified along the existing Public Service Davis to Fort Lupton transmission line ( Figure 1B). An additional route segment was identified to the east that uses a less populated area away from the subdivision on the eastern side of Fort Lupton. A route even further to the east is limited by its proximity to the Platte Valley Airpark. A route to the west is limited by existing electric transmission lines and residences (Aristocrat Ranchettes). The Preferred route and both of the alternatives occur partially within the City of Fort Lupton. Greenhouse—Davis Preferred Route The Preferred route begins at the proposed Greenhouse Substation site and heads due south for a short distance before turning east and heading across open field approximately one mile before turning north for 0. 5 mile and then east for 0.5 mile and following the existing transmission lines (Figure 1B). The route proceeds north for approximately 0.8 mile on the eastern side of Grant Street, adjacent to the existing transmission line, before making a slight jog to the east and back to the existing transmission alignment to avoid an oil and gas facility. The Preferred route proceeds an additional 2.3 miles north along the eastern side of the parcel lines to the Davis Substation . 9 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This route is the shortest length of the Greenhouse—Davis alternatives, and has the most percentage of its route adjacent to existing linear features. It also has the fewest parcels within 75 feet of the centerline . There are no residences within 75 feet of the centerline, but one residence within 200 feet. Nearly half of this route occurs on parcels owned by one private landowner and Anadarko. Selection of this route was based largely on the private landowner's preference for the line to be on the west side of his parcel along the existing transmission line. Greenhouse—Davis Alternative 1 Alternative 1 follows the same path as the Preferred route out of the Greenhouse Substation (Figure 1 B). There was no alternative to exiting the Greenhouse Substation due to existing transmission and pipelines on the north. Alternative 1 deviates from the Preferred route where it turns north further to the east to avoid an area congested with pipelines and oil and gas facilities. It also diverges from the Preferred route through a parcel owned by Anadarko and proposed for oil and gas development. This route would be preferable from an engineering perspective because it would have fewer corners and fewer constraints, but was not favored by the private majority landowner. Greenhouse—Davis Alternative 2 This route follows the Preferred route and Alternative 1 out of the Greenhouse Substation and follows Alternative 1 to the north, east of the congested corridor. Rather than turn back to the west like the Preferred route, Alternative 1 continues along the east side all the way to the Davis Substation (Figure 1 B). This alternative was evaluated in order to provide an alternative route through a property owned by Anadarko and proposed for oil and gas development. This route would also be preferable to Tri-State from an engineering perspective because it would have fewer corners and fewer constraints; however, it was not favored by the majority landowner as it crosses behind his house. Table 2 : Greenhouse to Davis Substation Comparative Data* Preferred Alternative Alternative Comparative Criteria Route 1 2 Engineering Factors Overall length (miles) 5.0 5.99 6. 14 Percent length adjacent to linear features— e.g. roads, 77 /,', 40% 53% rail. pipelines, transmission and distribution lines Number of transmission line crossings 3 3 3 Oil and Gas and Industrial Factors Oil and gas wells within 200 feet 4 7 2 Jurisdiction/Land Use Factors Length in municipal land (miles) 0.79 0.94 0.94 10 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 2 : Greenhouse to Davis Substation Comparative Data* Preferred Alternative Alternative Comparative Criteria Route 1 2 Residences and Other Structures Residences within 75-200 feet of centerline 1 0 1 Total residences within 500 feet of centerline 4 3 1 Number of parcels within 75 feet of centerline 11 15 14 * The numbers provided in this table are slightly different than the results of the Transmission Routing Study (Appendix A) because the route was initially planned to terminate at the Davis Tap approximately 1 .35 miles south of the Davis Substation. Greenhouse Substation to J. M . Shafer Substation (Greenhouse—J .M . Shafer) A routing analysis was not conducted for the 230-kV tie-line between the new Greenhouse Substation and the existing J. M . Shafer Substation because it is less than 0. 1 mile long and it would be located entirely on property owned by a Tri-State subsidiary. PUBLIC OUTREACH Tri-State and our contractor, HDR, contacted landowners along the Preferred and alternative routes per ownership information derived from Weld County property records. This contact has been in various forms including project introduction phone calls; project introduction and access permission letter mailings; and project introduction and access permission meetings with landowners. In addition, negotiations are in process with affected landowners to obtain Options for the purchase of easements along the Preferred routes. Landowner contacts began in early April 2014 and are on-going. 11 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 12 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW APPLICATION CHAPTER 23, ARTICLE II, DIVISION 4 OF THE WELD COUNTY CODE 23-2-240. DESIGN STANDARDS . A. An applicant for a Use by Special Review shall demonstrate compliance with the following design standards in the application and shall continue to meet these standards if approved for DEVELOPMENT. 1 . Adequate water service in terms of quality, quantity and dependability is available to the site to serve the USES permitted. Not applicable. The use being permitted includes transmission lines and a substation, which do not require water service. Bottled water will be used at the staging areas. 2. Adequate sewer service is available to the site to serve the USES permitted. Not applicable. The use being permitted includes transmission lines and a substation, which do not require sewer service. Portable toilets will be used during construction. 3. If soil conditions on the site are such that they present moderate or severe limitations to the construction of STRUCTURES or facilities proposed for the site, the applicant has demonstrated how much limitations can and will be mitigated. Nearly all of the soils along the transmission rights-of-way and the substation have low shrink/swell potential . The majority of the soils are not limited for structures. However, Tri-State will perform geotechnical studies at the substation site . The soils study will identify the structural characteristics of the soil and provide recommendations for construction of foundations within the soils. Appendix D includes a soil report prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). See also Section 21 -3-330.B. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual, and Noise Impacts. 4. Adequate fire protection measures are available on the site for the STRUCTURES and facilities permitted. The proposed transmission lines and substation are designed with overhead ground wires and grounded towers to protect the system from becoming damaged by lightning. See Section 21 -3-330. B.5.g—Hazards and Emergency Procedures for additional fire protection measures. 5. USES shall comply with the following stormwater management standards: a. Stormwater retention facilities shall be provided on site, which are designed to retain the stormwater runoff from the fully developed site from a one-hundred-year storm or as otherwise required by the Department of Public Works. In the case of a LIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT OPERATION (L.C.O.), wastewater collection, conveyance and retention facilities shall be designed and constructed in 13 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application accordance with the Confined Animal Feeding Operation Control Regulations (5 CCR 1002-19). A range of measures to ensure that the Project does not impact water quality, among other things, is listed in Appendix C, and prior to construction, a Storm Water Permit for Construction Activities would be acquired from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The Storm Water Management Plan prepared as part of the Storm Water Permit will include the use of sediment control measures, covering of exposed soils, and other established Best Management Practices (BMP) that will control runoff. See Sections 21 -3- 330.B. 12—Air and Water Pollution Impacts and Control Alternatives, Air Pollution Impact and Control, and 21 -3-330. B. 16-Surface and Subsurface Drainage. b. The drainage facilities shall be designed to release the retained water at a quantity and rate not to exceed the quantity and rate of a five-year storm falling on the UNDEVELOPED site. Construction of the Project would not create runoff in excess of previous site levels and would not adversely affect drainage. There would be no alteration in the pattern or intensity of surface drainage as a result of construction or operation of the transmission lines. Drainage from the substation would be directed towards detention pond(s) located on the substation property. 6. All parking and vehicle storage shall be provided on the site; parking shall not be permitted within any public right-of-way. An adequate parking area shall be provided to meet the parking needs of employees, company vehicles, visitors and customers. During construction, all vehicles would be parked at the staging areas at Henry Lake Substation, off of County Road 18, and at the Greenhouse Substation (Figure 1 B), and no parking areas would be constructed. No parking would occur within any public right-of-way. Only a small portion of the transmission line right-of-way would be disturbed for vehicle access. See Section 21 -3-330. B.2 .b—Access to the Project Area. 7. The USE shall comply with all the SETBACK and OFFSET requirements of the zone district. The portions of the Project located in unincorporated Weld County are primarily within the A (Agricultural) Zone District. The minimum setback in the A zone is 20 feet, and the minimum offset is 3 feet, or 1 foot for each 3 feet of building height, as defined in Section 23-3-50 of the Weld County Code . The transmission and substation structures proposed as part of this project comply with the County setback and offset requirements. 14 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 8. The access shall be located and designed to be safe; ingress and egress shall not present a safety hazard to the traveling public or to the vehicle accessing the property. For USES generating high traffic volumes and large number of large, slow-accelerating vehicles, acceleration and deceleration lanes may be required to mitigate a potential traffic hazard. No adverse effects on county roads are anticipated . Access roads would be created off of the following County roads for the substation and staging areas: • Greenhouse Substation and staging area-14th Street in Fort Lupton • Henry Lake staging area—County Road 4 • Davis Substation staging area—County Road 18 Tri-State will submit Access Road Permit applications and will comply with all County design standards. All mobile construction equipment would be certified to operate on Interstate highways. There may be short periods of time when traffic would be halted on county roads to allow construction vehicles to enter and exit the construction areas. No improvements to roads in Weld County would be required. See Section 21 -3- 330.B .7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line . 9. New accesses to public rights-of-way shall be constructed using the following as minimum standards: a. Size of drainage structure—twelve (12) inches in diameter. b. Length of drainage structure—twenty (20) feet. c. Depth of cover over pipe—twelve (12) inches. d. Width of access—fifteen (15) feet. e. Maximum grade of access—fifteen percent (15%). f. Flare radius—twenty (20) feet. g. Depth of surfacing—four (4) inches. Standards exceeding these minimums may be required depending on the type and volume of vehicles generated by the type of USE proposed. Access roads would be created off county roads for the substation and staging areas, as described above. Access roads would be 25 feet-wide with a minimum inside flare radius of 50 feet. The roads would be designed with a 6 inch section of modified Class 5 road base. Tri-State will submit Access Road Permit applications and will comply with all County design standards. 15 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 10. Buffering or SCREENING of the proposed USE from ADJACENT properties may be required in order to make the determination that the proposed USE is compatible with the surrounding uses. Buffering or SCREENING may be accomplished through a combination of berming, landscaping and fencing. The proposed use (electric transmission) and the proposed structures (utility poles and substation structures) are compatible with the other uses and structures within and adjacent to the Agricultural Zone district. This zone district contains existing electric transmission and distribution lines, existing substations, and extensive oil and gas development, making their appearance and operation balanced with the surrounding uses. 11 . Uses by Special Review in the A (Agricultural) Zone District shall be located on the least prime soils on the property in question unless the applicant can demonstrate why such a location would be impractical or infeasible. Numerous soil types along the transmission line are designated as Prime Farmlands or Farmlands of Statewide Importance. However, placement of the transmission line structures would not preclude the use of farmland under the suspended transmission line. Approximately 20 acres of the right-of-way is considered Farmland of Statewide Importance (Figure 2). There are no prime farmlands on the right-of-way or at the substation. Only a small portion of the soils in the right-of-way would be disturbed for the Project (less than 0.5 acre of permanent disturbance). The soils at the Greenhouse Substation are considered Farmland of local importance; however they were previously taken out of agricultural use by the greenhouse (Figure 2 . See Section 21 -3-330. B. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual , and Noise Impacts. B. If the Special Review Permit for a MAJOR FACILITY OF A PUBLIC UTILITY OR PUBLIC AGENCY is approved, the Planning Commission shall arrange for the Department of Planning Services to record the appropriate Facilities Plan, Utility Line or Selected Route Map with the County Clerk and Recorder. (Weld County Codification Ordinance 2000-1 ) Noted . 16 a. — \ 41 1 DAVIS ilits III • • • : rti . -. • • • • t Aristocrat - I - Ranc*inn 1 • • •• 1 • • II • • III • 14 U • • a • • Il •• • • •• ••• i �11i 0 N ...-...-•--•. • • li r- J.M 'r, • • SHAFER I F aGreenhoyse r _, / , -- ..,T - - - - Fort r LuDton I A { . A , • • • 4 ... s ._. r . ,-- / "— h • •• r i• ... t 'Near • • A ih • h Iliiiii a MN lififr' — h A 1 . I - • • • ,on 42• M •• • • .. • , i ra #. ® iii .1 • .. i • 11 h 4 4 S. r 4 4 4 S. 4 •• • • • • eaa • •. • • - * •• 4 I •• • tr • • M 9 .5 V Y V • Y V ry h it, F. A • 4 SIPRES • ci HENRY LAKE'. F n { i In Slate(.narration and s,• RenierI SD �yctue• Wynn 5m.ur 7ran vr.]tron Farmland @f b import ance tance V ste �^••.r° en C nv •..IVn In t.• •.....•••.••n r..•....... UN lion MS Ans . Iran]mission Association. Inc. RofedsuDvrDv npvintre ...•�..z...==:-..........-:-... •.. nu .• ■. .s. F annbr•d of flda+ide •�•w�•��r•w•+••�apww�w�•• Tf•AnIIIU CO 0114 ' Na pone farmland an•.•r•••••••••••a A farting Sutnlatton Pine farmland it craned and wotrc4d 0usd er Cash Crr••N•eenn C•rMtaa Sources Sour f••s—rap s••••w<+••�••a.w• is�..••.• —^'_-_ 1'rmr brrnUNrt irrigated we rmsla*milli se+..owe•�.• Tr5YY Gwen*,ant frannnt (Transmnson arg ��.•w.•r••••••••r• ••• •• South rest Weld Expansion Project P trs4, Menton Oa r]•" 4 Figure 2 - Vicinity flap �'r'"'" ']� '" " I} ..—. Tfan]n.svm-of IR4trs = iuwrcnp t Range as a•+a•.ap•.• 1 n r 1,Q69 A Rntt/Stream w •••••••••••••••pun r DWCn•rd:*104114 t. O.•wl CwT4•••• 0•N••,ta•...f ".TN' STATE ® Satacc Waco •••••• n.r••••••• C.s.t..•1�.w MAD I'S)l£51 trap H] NOTE:are utDa••erect t•con••tear plans F••nesi� Lr.•wfar.n. .m �.• rv. eVC•Y-s s 0%•••!yf•Y•Ira n rO1rINLm•In Da.1aa!ial*1A••rY�(NI 1�� Maas 4r wisp rat -I 1 .Wes 0 0715 045 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 18 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 23-2-250. OPERATION STANDARDS. An applicant for a Special Review Permit shall demonstrate conformance with the following operation standards in the Special Review Permit application to the extent that the standards affect location, layout and design of the Use by Special Review prior to construction and operation. Once operational, the operation of the USES permitted shall conform to these standards. A. The operation of the USES shall comply with the noise standards enumerated in Section 25- 12-101 , C.R.S. The Project would be constructed and maintained in accordance with Colorado Revised Statutes 25-12-101 et seq . (Noise Abatement) and Article IX, Section 14-9-10 et seq . of the Weld County Code. Additionally, audible noise levels were modeled for the Project and are expected to be below 14 decibels (dBA) (roughly comparable to normal breathing) at the edge of the 115-kV right-of-way in rainy conditions, and below 45 dBA (roughly comparable to a refrigerator humming) at the edge of the 230-kV right-of-way in rainy conditions. The audible noise in fair conditions would be negligible at the edge of the 115-kV right-of-way and below 20 dBA at the edge of the 230-kV right-of-way. See Section 21 -3-330. B. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual, and Noise Impacts. B. The operation of the USES shall comply with the air quality regulations promulgated by the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission. Construction of the Project is not expected to contribute negatively to the air quality status in the area. There would be no long-term air quality effects associated with routine operation and maintenance of the proposed transmission lines and substation. See Section 21 -3-330. B. 12—Air and Water Pollution Impacts and Control Alternatives, Air Pollution Impact and Control. C. The operation of the USES shall comply with the water quality regulations promulgated by the Colorado Water Quality Control Commission. There would be no direct impacts to water quality associated with the regular operation or maintenance of the transmission lines and a substation . See Section 21 -3-330.B. 12—Air and Water Pollution Impacts and Control Alternatives, Air Pollution Impact and Control . D. The USES shall comply with the following lighting standards: 1 . Sources of light, including light from high-temperature processes such as combustion or welding, shall be shielded so that light rays will not shine directly onto ADJACENT properties where such would cause a nuisance or interfere with the USE on the ADJACENT properties; and No lighting would be required for transmission line structures. Lighting will be installed throughout the substation yard and mounted on the exterior of the electric equipment enclosures. However, lights are generally only on in emergency situations 19 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application when maintenance is required during low light conditions. Substation lighting would not cause a nuisance on adjacent properties. 2. Neither direct nor reflected light from any light source may create a traffic hazard to operators of motor vehicles on PUBLIC or private STREETS and no colored lights may be used which may be confused with or construed as traffic control devices. No lighting would be required for transmission line structures. Lighting will be installed throughout the substation yard and mounted on the exteriors of the electric equipment enclosures. However, lights are generally only on in emergency situations when maintenance is required during low light conditions. Substation lighting would not cause a traffic hazard on county roads and no colored lights would be used. E. The USES shall not emit heat so as to raise the temperature of the air more than five degrees (5°) Fahrenheit at or beyond the LOT line. The proposed transmission line and substation would not raise the temperature of the air more than five (50) degrees Fahrenheit at or beyond the lot line. See Section 21 -3- 330.B.5.g—Hazards and Emergency Procedures. F. Property shall be maintained in such a manner that grasses and weeds are not permitted to grow taller than twelve (12) inches. In no event shall the property owner allow the growth of NOXIOUS WEEDS. Tri-State's Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects (Appendix C ) contains a description of revegetation and noxious weed control . G. Any off-site and on-site improvements agreement shall be made in conformance with the County policy on collateral for improvements. (Weld County Codification Ordinance 2000-1 ; Weld County Code Ordinance 2007-1 ) Not applicable. 23-2-260 . APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS. A. The purpose of the application is to give the petitioner an opportunity to demonstrate through written and graphic information how the proposal complies with the standards of this Chapter. The following supporting documents shall be submitted as a part of the application except for those items determined by the Director of Planning Services, in writing, or the Board of County Commissioners, on the record, to be unnecessary to a decision on the application: 1 . A statement which explains that the proposal is consistent with Chapter 22 of this Code and any other applicable code provision or ordinance in effect. The Weld County Code, Chapter 22, Comprehensive Plan, has been reviewed and the proposed project is consistent with the intent of the Comprehensive Plan , including Land Use, Environmental Resources, and Natural Resources. See Section 20 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 21 -3-330.B.7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line. 2. A statement which explains that the proposal is consistent with the intent of the district in which the USE is located. The portions of the Project located in unincorporated Weld County are primarily within the Agricultural Zone District. Major facilities of public utilities are uses that are allowed by special review within the Agricultural Zone District. See Section 21 -3- 330.B .5.a—Present Use and Zoning. 3. A statement which explains that the USES which would be permitted will be compatible with the existing surrounding land USES. The area is largely used for agricultural purposes, oil and gas development, and rural residences. There are numerous existing transmission line corridors in the area including one between the proposed Greenhouse Substation and the Henry Lake Substation and between the Greenhouse Substation and the Davis Substation. This Project would be compatible with the existing surrounding land uses. See Section 21 - 3-330. B.5 .m—Existing Land Uses of All Properties Adjacent to Parcel . 4. A statement which explains that the USES which would be permitted will be compatible with the future DEVELOPMENT of the surrounding area as permitted by the existing zone and with future DEVELOPMENT as projected by Chapter 22 of this Code and any other applicable code provision or ordinances in effect, or the adopted MASTER PLANS of affected municipalities. This use is consistent with the future development of the surrounding area as permitted by the existing zoning and as projected by Chapter 22 of this Code. See Section 21 -3-330. B.5.a—Present Use and Zoning. The area surrounding the Greenhouse Substation located within the City of Fort Lupton is zoned Industrial, and the area surrounding the Henry Lake Substation is zoned Agricultural/Residential within the City of Brighton . The transmission lines are located in unincorporated Weld County in the Agricultural zone. 5. A statement which explains that the application complies with Article V of this Chapter if the proposal is located within any Overlay District Area identified by maps officially adopted by the COUNTY. Not applicable. The Project area is not within an Overlay District Area , as defined in Article V. 21 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 6. A statement which explains that if the USE is proposed to be located in the A (Agricultural) Zone District, the applicant has demonstrated a diligent effort has been made to conserve prime agricultural land in the locational decision for the proposed USE. Numerous soil types along the transmission line are designated as Prime Farmlands or Farmlands of Statewide Importance. However, placement of the transmission line support structures would not preclude the use of farmland under the suspended transmission line. Approximately 20 acres of the right-of-way is considered Farmland of Statewide Importance there is no Prime Farmland within the right-of-way or the substation (Figure 2). Only a small portion of the soils in the right-of-way would be disturbed for the Project (less than 0.5 acre of permanent disturbance). The soils at the Greenhouse Substation are considered Farmland of local importance; however they were previously taken out of agricultural use by the greenhouse (Figure 3). See Section 21 -3-330. B. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual , and Noise Impacts. 7. A statement which explains that there is adequate provision for the protection of the health, safety and welfare of the inhabitants of the NEIGHBORHOOD and the COUNTY. All Tri-State electric facilities are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to meet or exceed all applicable standards of design and performance set forth in the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC 2012). Health and safety concerns associated with the Project, therefore, would be limited largely to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from the transmission line. EMF was modeled for the project based on typical and peak loads, from the proposed transmission line, and is described in Section 21 -3- 330 .B. 5.g—Hazards and Emergency Procedures. B. The following general information shall be submitted: 1 . Name, address and telephone number of the applicants. Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. Attention : Selina Koler Address: 1100 West 116th Ave. , Westminster, CO 80234 Phone Number: 303-254-3720 2. Name and address of the fee owners of the property proposed for the Use by Special Review if different from above. Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. 1100 West 116th Ave. , Westminster, CO 80234 3. Legal description of the property under consideration. 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I . i I _ 1 i ♦ Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 24 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Greenhouse The northwest quarter of Section 34, Township (T) 2 North, Range (R) 66 Substation West, of the 611 Prime Meridian (PM), Weld County, Colorado. Transmission An easement 150 feet in width within the approximate limits of the identified Line Easement — portions of the following sections in: Greenhouse to Township 2 North , Range 66 West of the 6th PM in Weld County, Colorado: Henry Lake The North 400 feet of the South half Section 34 The East half of the Southeast quarter Section 34 Township 1 North , Range 66 West of the 6th PM in Weld County, Colorado: The East 400 feet of sections 3, 10 , 15, 22 The South half of the East half Section 22 The East half of the East half of Section 27 Transmission An easement 100 feet in width within the approximate limits of the identified Line Easement — portions of the following sections in Township 2 North, Range 66 West of the Greenhouse to 6Th PM in Weld County, Colorado: Davis The North 400 feet of the South half Section 34 The West half of the Northwest quarter, and the North half of the Northwest quarter, and the Northwest quarter of the Northeast quarter section 35 The West half of the east half of sections 26, 23, 14 4. Total acreage of the parcel under consideration. The surface area for the newly constructed transmission line structures and substation on private land would total approximately 20 acres (20 acres for the Greenhouse Substation, and less than 0.5 acre for permanent transmission structures). 5. Existing land USE of the parcel under consideration. The Project would take place on private land . Land uses on the parcels in the Project area include agricultural production, electric transmission , oil and gas production and storage, as well as residential uses. 6. Existing land USES of all properties ADJACENT to said parcel. The parcels adjacent to the lines include agricultural property, residential use, and oil and gas development. There are multiple existing transmission and pipelines on the properties as well. There are four total residences within 500 feet of the Preferred transmission line routes and one residence within 200 feet. There are no residences adjacent to the Greenhouse Substation. The Aristocrat Ranchettes are approximately 0.33 mile to the north adjacent to the existing J .M . Shafer Generating Station and Public Service's Fort Lupton Substation. 25 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 7. Present zone and overlay zones, if appropriate. The portions of the Project located in unincorporated Weld County are primarily within the Agricultural Zone District. The transmission line from the Greenhouse Substation to the Davis Substation will require submittal of an application with Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) for a "Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation", due to its proximity to the Platte Valley Airpark. Tri-State will receive FAA clearance prior to construction of this transmission line. 8. Signatures of the applicant and fee owners or their authorized legal agent. See Use by Special Review (USR) Application Form. 9. A certified list of the names, addresses and the corresponding Parcel Identification Numbers assigned by the County Assessor of the owners of property (the surface estate) within five hundred (500) feet of the property subject to the application. The source of such list shall be the records of the County Assessor, or an ownership update from a title or abstract company or attorney derived from such records, or from the records of the County Clerk and Recorder. If the list was assembled from the records of the County Assessor, the applicant shall certify that such list was assembled within thirty (30) days of the application submission date. See Section 21 -3-330. B .2.a-Surface Property Owners. 10. The written certification required by Section 24-65.5-103.3, C.R.S., if applicable. Such certification may be submitted on the date of the initial public hearing referred to in Section 24-65.5-103(1 ), C.R.S. To date, no written certification is applicable. 11 . The applicant shall provide the Department of Planning Services with a certificate from the County Treasurer showing no delinquent taxes for the parcel area. Not applicable. 12. Proposed LANDSCAPE plans. A formal landscape plan is not provided, as no landscaping would be done along the transmission line or at the substation. The Greenhouse Substation is located within an industrial area . Areas disturbed during construction of the Project would be reseeded in coordination with the landowners and their current land use. 26 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 13. The applicant shall submit to the Department of Planning Services a copy of an agreement with the mineral owners associated with the subject property. Such agreement shall stipulate that the oil and gas activities on the subject property have been adequately incorporated into the design of the site, OR shall provide written evidence that an adequate attempt has been made to mitigate the concerns of the mineral owners on the subject property. Not applicable. The Mineral Interests requirement is not applicable to electric transmission line projects per Section 24-65.51 -103, Colorado Revised Statutes. 14. The applicant shall submit signed copy of the notice of inquiry form demonstrating that the IGA municipality does not wish to annex if required by the IGA. Not applicable. No properties related to the project occur within areas covered by an IGA. 15. A proposed plan for installation of desired signs following the standards set forth in Chapter 23, Article IV, Division 2. No new signage is planned. 16. A certificate of conveyance form provided by the Department of Planning Services and completed by a Title Insurance or Abstract Company. Tri-State will not acquire fee title to the properties over which the proposed transmission line crosses. Tri-State will acquire easement interests in support of the transmission line. A Tri-State subsidiary currently owns the parcel where the Greenhouse substation is proposed . C. A detailed description of the proposed operation and USE shall be supplied. Details for the following items, when applicable, are required: 1 . Type of USE for which the application is being made. The proposed use (Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I ) includes 11 .5 miles of transmission line and one new substation (see Figure 1 B). The surface area for the newly constructed transmission line structures and substation would total approximately 20 acres (20 acres for Greenhouse Substation and less than 0.5 acre for structure locations along the transmission line). 2. Proximity of the proposed USE to residential STRUCTURES. There are four total residences within 500 feet of the Preferred transmission line routes and one residence within 200 feet. There are no residences adjacent to the Greenhouse Substation. The Aristocrat Ranchettes are approximately 0.33 mile to the north adjacent to the existing J. M . Shafer Generating Station and Public Service's Fort Lupton Substation. See Section 21 -3-330. B.5.m—Existing Land Uses of All Properties Adjacent to Parcel . 3. The number of shifts to be worked and the maximum number of employees. Two 10-hour shifts per day (5-7 days per week) would be worked during construction ; the facilities would be monitored remotely during operation. The maximum number of 27 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application construction workers at any one time would be approximately 68. See Section 21 -3- 330 .B.7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line and Substations. 4. The maximum number of users, patrons, members, buyers or other visitors that the use by special review facility is designed to accommodate at any one (1 ) time. Not applicable. 5. Types and maximum numbers of animals to be concentrated on the site at any one (1 ) time. Not applicable. 6. Types and numbers of operating and processing equipment to be utilized. The 11 .5 miles of transmission line would consist of approximately 79-124 structures (Table 3). The structures would be wood and steel pole construction spaced approximately 400-600 feet apart for the 115-kV lines (Figures 4A and 4B) and 6,000-1 ,000 feet apart for the 230-kV line (Figure 4C). Structures would primarily be single pole design, but wood H-frame structures may be used at transmission line crossings or other areas where engineering design indicates they are preferable (Figures 4D and 4E). The transmission lines would have three conductors per circuit, an overhead optical ground wire for internal Tri-State communications, and one shield wire. Steel transmission poles would be set in concrete foundations. Table 3: Transmission Line Characteristics Characteristic 115-kV 230-kV Voltage 115-kV 230-kV Total Length 5 miles 6.5 miles Right-of-Way Width 75-100 feet 125-150 feet Typical Structure Type Wood single pole. brace Steel single poles on line post concrete foundations. Steel corner poles davit arms Span Between Structures: 400-600 feet 600-1 ,000 Typical Range Number of Structures per Mile: 9 to 12 5 to 9 With Typical Range Height of Structures: Typical 58-81 feet above ground 75-115 feet above ground Range Minimum Ground Clearance 28 feet 28 feet Beneath Conductor Minimum Ground Clearance 28 feet 28 feet Beneath Conductor Over Roads Circuit Configuration Variable Variable Conductor Type and Size 795 kcmil, 1 . 1 " diameter. 1272 kcmil, 1 .345 " (circular mils) 26/7, ACSR, "Drake" diameter. 45/7, ACSR, "Bittern" Shieldwire Types and Size 48 fiber optical ground 48 fiber optical ground (inches) wire, approximately 0.55 wire, approximately 0.64 inch in diameter inch in diameter 28 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Conductor 795 kcm 26/7 ACSR "Drake" Shield Wires 0.547" 48 FiberOPGW LI liti^J I+I U-) Typical Wood Pnle Heights 70/H1 58.5' Above Grade 95/H3 81 .0' Above G rade 4_, ' N w N Tr N 8 $.00 r 0 n N O i 0 Figure 4A: Typical Structure Types-115-kV Wood Pole Tangent 29 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase Weld County USR and 1041 Application Conductor 795 kcm 2617 ACSR "Drake" Shield Wires 2 318 EHS 7 Strand Galy. "' 0.547" 48 FiberOPGW r �-} - Btruct'1re Cie signatirn BP2-65 shortest BP2-100 tallest { } } 642 { IS n n Rc 5i :51. v r I I Figure 4B: Typical Structure Types-115-kV Steel Pole Tangent 30 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Conductor 1272 kcm 45/7 ACSR "Bute m" O 4 Shield Wife 0.643" 48 Fiber 0 PGW -�ole Inca _ \ $tru°tura Designation 81 -75 shortest 'I A 91 -115 tallest 12c0 le L t1 I I Figure 4C : Typical Structure Types-230-kV Steel Pole Tangent 31 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application t •1 — — • .J - — R 17ti1 4 I ` ' 1 .S c :1 O b I 211- • • n s1 FOX Palo Long h tT Fay+ t--I Figure 4D : Typical Structure Types-115-kV Wood H-Frame 32 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 40. 19'-6' •—• lm Ufa KNN AN 91-6' i 1 C. Q 3 O 4 tr r P L 0 Pole L^rCfh Figure 4E : Typical Structure Types-230-kV Wood H-Frame 33 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 7. Type, number and USES of the proposed STRUCTURES to be erected. Approximately 79-124 transmission line structures would be used to transmit electricity over the 115-kV and 230-kV transmission lines. See the Project Description for additional information. 8. Type, size, weight and frequency of vehicular traffic and access routes that will be utilized. See Section 21 -3-330. B .7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line. 9. Domestic sewage facilities. Not applicable. 10. Size of stockpile, storage or waste areas to be utilized. Enclosed containment would be provided for all trash. All construction waste, including trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other potentially hazardous materials would be removed from the site and transported to a disposal facility authorized to accept such materials. There would be no significant amount of hazardous materials stored in the Project area. See Section 21 -3-330 .B. 5.g—Hazards and Emergency Procedures. 11 . Method and time schedule of removal or disposal of debris, JUNK and other wastes associated with the proposed USE. Enclosed containment would be provided for all trash. All construction waste, including trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other potentially hazardous materials would be removed from the site and transported to a disposal facility authorized to accept such materials. See Section 21 -3-330. B .5.g— Hazards and Emergency Procedures. 12. A time table showing the periods of time required for the construction of the operation. Construction is proposed to begin in fall 2015 and the facilities in-service by spring of 2016. See Section 21 -3-330 . B.5.f—Projected Development Schedule. 13. Proposed LANDSCAPE plans. A formal landscape plan is not provided, as no landscaping would be done along the transmission line or at the substation site. Areas disturbed during construction of the Project would be reseeded in coordination with the landowners and their current land use. 14. Reclamation procedures to be employed as stages of the operation are phased out or upon cessation of the Use by Special Review activity. Tri-State's Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects, included as Appendix C, addresses site reclamation of disturbed areas under standard BR-2. 34 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 15. A statement delineating the need for the proposed USE. As described in the Purpose and Need section, Tri-State's Member cooperative, United Power, is required to deliver electrical power to oil and gas facilities in the area in order for them to operate. 16. A description of the proposed fire protection measures. As discussed in Section 21 -3-330. B .5.g—Hazards and Emergency Procedures, the conductors are supported by insulators mounted on grounded poles to prevent arcing (which could start a fire). Tri-State prohibits storage of flammables, construction of flammable structures, and other activities that have the potential to cause or provide fuel for fires on its easements and rights-of-way. There are no explosive substances associated with the proposed transmission line or substation . All Tri-State electric facilities are designed , constructed, operated , and maintained to meet or exceed all applicable standards of design and performance set forth in the NESC. The proposed line is designed with overhead ground wires and grounded towers to keep the system from becoming damaged by lightning. 17. Such additional information as may be required by the Department of Planning Services, the Planning Commission or the Board of County Commissioners in order to determine that the application meets the requirements of this Chapter and the policies of Chapter 22 of this Code. Noted. D. Special Review Permit Plan Map. 1 . The map shall be delineated on reproducible material approved by the Department of Planning Services. Noted. 2. The dimensions of the map shall be thirty-six (36) inches wide by twenty-four (24) inches high. Noted . See Plot Plan (Figure 3) and Vicinity Map (Figure 2). 3. The Special Review Permit Plan Map shall include certificates for the property owner's signature, the Planning Commission, the Board of County Commissioners and the Clerk to the Board. The required content of the certificates is available from the Department of Planning Services. Noted . See Plot Plan (Figure 3) and Vicinity Map (Figure 2). 4. Vicinity Map. A vicinity map shall be drawn on the Use by Special Review Permit Plan Map. a. The scale of the vicinity map shall be one (1 ) inch equals two thousand (2,000) feet or at another suitable scale if approved by the Department of Planning Services. 35 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application The scale of the Vicinity Map is 1 inch = 2000 feet. See Vicinity Map (Figure 2). b. The vicinity map shall delineate all of the required information within a one-half ('/2) mile radius of the property proposed for the Use by Special Review. c. The following information shall be shown on the vicinity map: 1 ) Section, Township and range. Noted. See Vicinity Map ( Figure 2). 2) Scale and north arrow. Noted . See Vicinity Map (Figure 2). 3) Outline of the perimeter of the parcel proposed for the Use by Special Review. Noted . See Vicinity Map (Figure 2). 4) The general classifications and distribution of soils over the parcel under consideration. Soil classification names and agricultural capability classifications must be noted in the legend. Noted. See Vicinity Map ( Figure 2), and Plot Plan (Figure 3). 5) Locations and names of all roads, irrigation ditches and water features. Noted . See Vicinity Map ( Figure 2). 6) Location of all residences within a one-half-mile radius, existing and proposed accesses to the property proposed for the Use by Special Review, any abutting subdivision outlines and names, and the boundaries of any ADJACENT municipality. See Plot Plan ( Figure 3) for access. 7) Any other relevant information within a one-half-mile distance of the perimeter property proposed for the Use by Special Review as may be reasonably required by the COUNTY to meet the intent and purpose of this Chapter.5. Plot Plan. A plot plan of the Use by Special Review area shall be drawn on the Special Review Permit Plan Map. a. The scale of the plot plan shall be one inch (1 ") equals one hundred feet (100') or at another suitable scale if approved by the Department of Planning Services. The scale of the Plot Plan is 1 " = 100' . See Plot Plan (Figure 3). b. The plot plan shall outline the Boundaries of the parcel being considered for the Use by Special Review. Noted . See Plot Plan (Figure 3). 36 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application c. The plot plan shall include the location and identification of all of the following items which exist within a two-hundred-foot radius of the boundaries of the Use by Special Review area, as well as within the area itself; it shall also include the proposed features and STRUCTURES of the Use by Special Review: 1 ) All public rights-of-way of record (including names). 2) All existing and proposed STRUCTURES. 3) All utility easements or rights-of-way for telephone, gas, electric, water and sewer lines. 4) Irrigation ditches. 5) Adjacent property lines and respective owners' names (may be shown on vicinity map instead). 6) All hydrographic features including streams, rivers, ponds and reservoirs (including names). Not applicable. 7) Topography at two-foot contour intervals or at intervals as determined necessary by the Department of Planning Services. Not applicable. 8) Location of areas of moderate or severe soil limitations as defined by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or by a soil survey and study prepared by a soils engineer or scientist for the USES and associated STRUCTURES proposed for the parcel. The majority of the soils along the right-of-way are not limited and none of the soils at the Greenhouse Substation are limited for dwellings and/or commercial structures. 9) Location and design of stormwater management devices or STRUCTURES. Stormwater management devices will be developed with detailed design. 10) Complete traffic circulation and parking plan showing locations and sizes. Not applicable. 11 ) Location, amount, size and type of any proposed LANDSCAPE material, including fencing, walls, berms or other SCREENING. Not applicable. 37 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 12) Location of any flood hazard, GEOLOGIC HAZARD or mineral resource areas. Not applicable. 13) The location of any sign requiring zoning approval. Distances from property lines shall be indicated. Not applicable. 14) Such additional information as may be reasonably required by the Department of Planning Services, the Planning Commission or the Board of County Commissioners in order to determine that the application meets the requirements of this Chapter, the policies of Chapter 22 of this Code and any other applicable code provision or ordinance in effect. All relevant requirements noted . See Plot Plan (Figure 3). E. Supporting Documents. The following supporting documents shall be submitted as part of the application: 1 . Where an authorized legal agent signs the application for the fee owners, a letter granting power of attorney to the agent from the owners must be provided. Not applicable. 2. Proof that a water supply will be available which is adequate in terms of quantity, quality and dependability (e.g., a well permit or letter from a water district). Not applicable. 3. Copy of the deed or legal instrument by which the applicant obtained an interest in the property under consideration. Easements would be secured prior to construction . 4. A noise report, unless waived by the Department of Planning Services, documenting the methods to be utilized to meet the applicable noise standard. Not applicable. 5. A soil report of the site prepared by the Natural Resource Conservation Service or by a soils engineer or scientist. In those instances when the soil report indicates the existence of moderate or severe soil limitations for the USES proposed, the applicant shall detail the methods to be employed to mitigate the limitations. Nearly all of the soils along the transmission lines and at the substation have low shrink/swell potential (Figure 5). The majority of the soils are not limited for structures. However, in order to identify and mitigate any concerns associated with the soils at the substation site, Tri-State will perform a geotechnical soils study. The soils study will identify the structural characteristics of the soil and provided recommendations for construction of foundations. Mat foundations and drilled piers 38 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application would be used to support structures and equipment. Appendix D includes a soil report prepared by the NRCS . 6. If applicable, an Improvements Agreement executed by the applicant. This agreement shall be in accordance with the County policy and documents for collateral for improvements. Not applicable. 7. For a RESIDENTIAL THERAPEUTIC CENTER, submittal of a report demonstrating the need for the facility; data about the background, experience and financial capacity of the proposed operator; applicable licenses; and analysis of the impact of the facility to the area and any other information relevant to evaluating the compatibility of the proposed facility. The County may waive or modify these requirements, particularly if there is a risk of harm to the future occupants (e.g., case of a domestic violence shelter). Not applicable. 39 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 40 DAVIS Amtocnt Rmcb.tt.. AJ.M SHAFER LGreenhouse SIPRES I HENRY LAKE I xi Slate Generation and In tent.w..w W i....r...r. UN Sow MS Anna I ransmhdon Anoclatlon. Inc. www.«..coFUN - Finbt.Sub.t410n rut:au " "" '""'°"" ""' Southwest Weld Expansion Project Prated tr. won I Sr Figure 5 - Soil Shrink/Swell Potential .n*n9 Transmedace In-State Soil Slink/Swell Potential nen• 1.069leet Dos c,nM:*WSIt tinier•Ianall r4.TN. STATE td:.]rra:r (awns Intrf']A91n)ttlllr.H] M ono ~�_- na rarr Le I `1 arts Mani Arwrrl MI F Wet 0 0225 045 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 42 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application AREAS AND ACTIVITIES OF STATE INTEREST-APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS 21 -3-330 APPLICATION SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 21-3-330.A—Application Requirements for a Major Facility of a Public Utility These submittal requirements apply to this application for a development permit for a major facility of a public utility: 11 . 5 miles of 230-kV and 115-kV transmission lines and one substation. 21 -3-330. B-SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 21-3-330.8. 1—Map Requirements 21 -3-330.B. 1 .a—Name and Acreage of Proposed Use The proposed use (Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I ) includes approximately 11 . 5 miles of 115-kV and 230-kV transmission lines that would connect a new substation (Greenhouse ) to existing Tri-State substations (Davis and Henry Lake) (see Figures 1A and 1B and Figure 2). The surface area for the newly constructed transmission line structures and substation would total approximately 20 acres (20 acres for Greenhouse Substation and less than 0. 5 acre for structure locations along the transmission lines). The Project also includes construction staging areas used for the duration of construction to store equipment and stage construction located at the Henry Lake Substation, near the Davis Substation, and at the proposed Greenhouse Substation. Each staging area will have two construction trailers, multiple storage containers, and other associated equipment. 21 -3-330 .B . 1 .b, d—Map Requirements All map requirements, including scale as approved by Weld County, have been met. 21 -3-330 .B. 1 .c—Applicants and Consultants Applicant: Engineers: Tri-State Generation and Transmission Civil Engineer, Transmission Line Attention: Selina Koler ESC Engineering Address: 1100 W. 116th Ave. Address: 3540 JFK Parkway Westminster, CO 80234 Fort Collins, CO 80525 Phone Number: 303-254-3720 Attention : George Ojdrovich Phone Number: 970-879-7718 Surveyor: Michael McCullough Westwood Professional Services Phone Number: 913-890-4802 43 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 21-3-330. 8. 2—Title Information 21 -3-330.B.2.a-Surface Property Owners The names and addresses of all owners of surface property within 500 feet of the centerline of the proposed corridor are shown below in Tables 4a and 4b. Table 4a: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse—Davis Owner Name Address Owner Name Address Greenhouse Property Tax Department City of Fort Lupton 130 South McKinley Avenue Holdings LLC Attn: Mary Jo Howard Fort Lupton, CO 80621 PO Box 33695 Denver. CO 80233 Greenhouse 210 Clayton Street, UPPR 1 Premier Community 1635 East Layton Drive Colorado LLC Denver,. CO 80206 Homes LTD Englewood, Co 801137 Thermo 6811 CR31 Leland & Marlys Kos 16498 CR 18 Cogeneration Fort Lupton, CO 80621 FortLupton, CO 80621 Partnership LP Rennoc 2 Osprey Circle Kyle & Sarah Kos 16486 CR 18 Corporation Thorton, CO 80241 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Red Tierra 8301 East Prentice Avenue Enders Land 16435 CR 18 Silver Peaks Suite 100 Company LLC Fort Lupton, CO 80621 LLC Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Alpha 2 Real 525 Vine Street 19"i Floor Anadarko E&P Attn: Travis Holand-Property Estate LLC Cincinnati, CO 45202 Company LP Tax PO BOX 173779 Denver, CO 80217 Colorado PO BOX 1087 Julie A. Victor Living 16435 CR 18 Interstate Gas Colorado Springs, CO Trust Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Company 80901 Lupton Sunrise 8791 Circle Drive Leonard & Virginia 16423 CR 20 LLP Westminster, CO 80031 Turley Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Public Service Tax Service Department Robed L. Warner PO BOX 9 Company of PO BOX 1979 Brighton. CO 80601 Colorado Denver, CO 80201 Elizabeth M 10904 Verna Lane Kerr-McGee 1099 18th Street Suit 1800 Shafer Et Al Northglenn, CO 80234 Gathering LLC Denver, CO 80202 United Power PO Box 929 Inc. 80601 Brighton. CO Table 4b: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse-Henry Lake Owner Name Address Owner Name Address Greenhouse Property Tax Department James Stitt R (3/8 4391 W 89'h Way Holdings LLC Attn: Mary Jo Howard INT) Westminster, CO 80031 PO Box 33695 Denver, CO 80233 Greenhouse 210 Clayton Street, UPPR 1 Nancy Stitt 4391 W 89'h Way Colorado LLC Denver. CO 80206 Westminster, CO 80031 44 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 4b: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse—Henry Lake Owner Name Address Owner Name Address Thermo 6811 CR31 Federico & Maria 2929 Mathews Ave Cogeneration Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Herrera Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Partnership LP Rennoc 2 Osprey Circle Daigle I M & CO 2869 Mathews Ave Corporation Thorton, CO 80241 Fort Lupton. CO 80621 Red Tierra 8301 East Prentice Avenue Anne & Gerald De 2809 Mathews Ave Silver Peaks Suite 100 Graff Fort Lupton, CO 80621 LLC Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Alpha 2 Real 525 Vine Street 19"' Floor James Miller 2749 Matthews Ave Estate LLC Cincinnati, CO 45202 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Colorado PO BOX 1087 Jeremy Hobbs 2689 Mathews Ave Interstate Gas Colorado Springs, CO Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Company 80901 Lupton Sunrise 8791 Circle Drive Danny Hoff 2629 Mathews Ave LLP Westminster. CO 80031 Fort Lupton. CO 80621 Public Service Tax Service Department Jo Ann Quintana C/O Jean Sheehan Company of PO BOX 1979 11391 Depew Way Colorado Denver, CO 80201 Westminster, CO 80020 Elizabeth M 10904 Verna Lane Amaro Molina 16015 Bruno St Shafer Et Al Northglenn, CO 80234 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Burkhardt 15047 Highway 52 Mary & Roderick 15511 CR 6 Family Trust Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Scott Fort Lupton. CO 80621 Thomas & 15987 Highway 52 Frances Biles 16016 Bruno St Renae Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Patterson Zenon & Beatriz 15991 Highway 52 Manuel Gutierrez 2389 Mathews Ave Contreras Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Glenn Jesser 'A PO Box 543 Randall & Shannon 2329 Mathews Ave C/O Robert Hudson CO, 80642 Yannacone Fort Lupton. CO 80621 Jesser Highway 52 8791 Circle Drive Bunnie & Walter 2269 Mathews Ave Partnership Westminster.. CO 80031 Chartier Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Michael Maher 16076 Highway 52 Louis Duran 2209 Mathews Ave Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 James Vawter 20097 East Vassar Avenue IDA & Robert Duran 2149 Mathews Ave Aurora. CO 80013 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Mellissa Bowen- 16271 CR 12 Sylvia Estrada 2089 Mathews Ave Flores Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Fort Lupton. CO 80621 Saul Mota- Flores Dyanna Godley N 7815 Ledgeview Spring Mark & Judy Lohnes 13804 CR 64 NO 64 Drive Greeley, CO 80631 Fond De Lac. WI 54935 Salvador & 1050 Fulton Ave Richey Land & Cattle 13821 Sable Blvd Vicky Lerma Fort Lupton, CO 80621 CO Inc. Brighton, CO 80601 45 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 4b: Surface Property Owners—Greenhouse—Henry Lake Owner Name Address Owner Name Address Larry Loehr 15851 CR 10 Clara & Eugene CIO Joel Ritchey Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Ritchey 22227 CR 30 Hudson, CO 80642 Eleanor Larato 86 Lookout Mountain Road Burlington Northern Property Tax Dept Golden, CO 80401 Railroad CO PO BOX 961089 Fort Worth, TX 76161 James & 16115 CR 10 Norma Jean Ritchey 550 Judy Lane Charlotte Austin Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Lexington, KY 40505 Howard Binder 14696 CR 22 Dustin & Paige Clark 15759 CR 4 & Pantaleo Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Brighton. CO 80603 Suhanyi OJB Family 15087 CR 8 Lee Lapka 14083 Olive Street Enterprise LLLP Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Baldwin Park, CA 91706 Clara & Colette 16075 CR 8 Tri-State Generation 1100 W. 116`x' Avenue Wilbanks Fort Lupton, CO 80621 & Transmission Westminster, CO 80234 Association, Inc. 21 -3-330.B.2.b—Access to the Project Area Right-of-way agreements include between 75- and 150-foot easements purchased from landowners along the transmission alignment. Tri-State would acquire easements for the transmission line prior to construction. Only a small portion of the transmission line right-of-way would be disturbed for structure installation and vehicle access. The majority of the proposed right-of-way can be accessed from existing county roads (see Figure 1B and Figure 2) and via cross-country travel . Where construction of new roads is required to gain access to sites where the poles would be erected, Tri-State will design the roads to minimize impacts to resources while allowing access by construction and maintenance vehicles. The location of proposed new roads will be provided to the County with the final plat. Access roads would be created off of 14th Street in Fort Lupton for the Greenhouse Substation and off of County Roads 18 and 4 for the staging areas. Tri-State will submit Access Road Permit applications and will comply with all County design standards. 46 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 21 -3-330 .B .2.c—Real Property Interests The names and addresses of all owners of surface property or holders of interest of property that would be physically disturbed or crossed by the Project were obtained from the Weld County Assessor's Office and are presented below in Table 5: Table 5a: Real Property Owners—Greenhouse—Davis Assessor's Owner Parcel No. Greenhouse Holdings LLC 130934200024 Property Tax Department Attn: Mary Jo Howard PO Box 33695 Denver, CO 80233 Rennoc Corporation 130934000016 & 2 Osprey Circle 130933000059 Thorton, CO 80241 • Red Tierra Silver Peaks LLC 130934000024 8301 East Prentice Avenue Suite 100 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Alpha 2 Real Estate LLC 130934000017 525 Vine Street 19th Floor Cincinnati, CO 45202 Colorado Interstate Gas Company 130934000023 PO BOX 1087 Colorado Springs, CO 80901 Lupton Sunrise LLP 130934100002 8791 Circle Drive Westminster, CO 80031 Public Service Company of Colorado 130935000003 Tax Service Department PO BOX 1979 Denver, CO 80201 Elizabeth M Shafer Et Al 130935000009 & 10904 Verna Lane 130926000002 Northglenn. CO 80234 Anadarko E&P Company LP 130923000004 Attn: Travis Holand-Property Tax PO BOX 173779 Denver, CO 80217 Robert L. Warner 130914000010 & PO BOX 9 130914000011 Brighton, CO 80601 Kerr-McGee Gathering LLC 130914200033 & 1099 18th Street Suit 1800 Denver, CO 80202 United Power Inc. 130914200032 PO Box 929 Brighton, CO 80601 47 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 5b: Real Property Owners-Greenhouse-Henry Lake Assessor's Owner Parcel No. Greenhouse Holdings LLC 130934200024 Property Tax Department Attn: Mary Jo Howard PO Box 33695 Denver, CO 80233 Rennoc Corporation 130934000016 & 2 Osprey Circle 130933000059 Thorton, CO 80241 Red Tierra Silver Peaks LLC 130934000024 8301 East Prentice Avenue Suite 100 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Lupton Sunrise LLP 130934100002 8791 Circle Drive Westminster, CO 80031 Public Service Company of Colorado 147103000051 Tax Service Department PO BOX 1979 Denver, CO 80201 Burkhardt Family Trust 147103000069 15047 Highway 52 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Thomas & Renae Patterson 147103100072 & 15987 Highway 52 147103100073 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Zenon & Beatriz Contreras 147103000070 15991 Highway 52 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Highway 52 Partnership 147103000035 8791 Circle Drive Westminster, CO 80031 Dyanna Godfey 147110100079 N 7815 Ledgeview Spring Drive Fond De Lac, WI 54935 Larry Loehr 147110000021 & 15851 CR 10 147110000020 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Eleanor Larato 147114200021 86 Lookout Mountain Road Golden, CO 80401 Howard Binder & Pantaleo Suhanyi 147115000020 14696 CR 22 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 OJB Family Enterprise LLLP 147115000012 15087 CR 8 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 James Stitt R (3/8 INT) 147122000027 4391 W 89th Way Westminster, CO 80031 Nancy Stitt 147122000028 4391 W 89th Way 48 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 5b: Real Property Owners-Greenhouse-Henry Lake Assessor's Owner Parcel No. Westminster, CO 80031 Richey Land & Cattle CO Inc. 147127100042 13821 Sable Blvd Brighton, CO 80601 Clara & Eugene Ritchey 147127000028 C/O Joel Ritchey 22227 CR 30 Hudson, CO 80642 Norma Jean Ritchey 147127100043 & 550 Judy Lane 147126200030 Lexington, KY 40505 Dustin & Paige Clark 147127000031 15759 CR 4 Brighton, CO 80603 Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association , Inc. 147127000024 1100 W. 116th Avenue Westminster, CO 80234 21 -3-330 .B .2.d—Mineral Interests The Mineral Interests requirement is not applicable to electric transmission line projects per Section 21 -3-330.B .2 .d and 24-65.5-201 , Colorado Revised Statutes. 21-3-330.8. 3—Application Submittal Requirements 21 -3-330.B.3.a—c—Map Requirements Figure 2, the Vicinity Map, will be provided to Weld County in a reproducible format. This map includes a vicinity view of Project at a scale of 1 = 2000 feet. The permit map is consistent with the requirements of Section 21 -3-330.B.3 and the relevant subsections thereof. 21 -3-330 .B. 3.d—Vicinity Map The Vicinity Map is provided in Figure 2. 21 -3-330 .B .4—Plot Plan The Plot Plan is shown on Figure 3 at a scale of 1 : 100. 21-3-330.B. 5—Other Information 21 -3-330.B . 5.a—Present Use and Zoning The portion of the Project located in unincorporated Weld County is zoned Agricultural. This zoning is intended to provide areas for the conduct of agricultural activities and activities related to agriculture and agricultural production without interference of other incompatible land uses. Land use in the Project vicinity is primarily agricultural , residential , and energy 49 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application development (oil and gas facilities). Land cover in the Project area is primarily grassland, weeds, and herbaceous vegetation (Figure 6). Existing land use is presented in Figure 7. 21 -3-330.B.5.b—d—Map Extent Figure 2 illustrates all existing transmission lines of 115-kV or greater within two miles of the Project site. 21 -3-330.B.5.e—Type of Facility The Project would involve construction of approximately 11 .5 miles of new 115-kV and 230- kV transmission lines originating at a new Greenhouse Substation and terminating at the existing Henry Lake and Davis Substations. United Power would construct the distribution lines (< 115-kV), which are considered a use allowed by right in the Agricultural Zone District, and not included in this permit application. The new transmission lines would be constructed on wood and steel structures within a 75-150 foot right-of-way. The transmission line would consist of approximately 79-124 structures, with conductors and phase wires, a shield wire , and an optical ground wire for internal Tri-State communications. The project will also include a new 230/115/69/34.5-kV Greenhouse Substation located on lands owned by a Tri-State subsidiary (Figure 3). The Greenhouse Substation will include a 230-kV four or five breaker ring bus, two 230-115-13.8kV 240/320/400 megavolte ampere (MVA) transformers, one 115/69kV transformer, one 115/34.5kV transformer, and a four breaker 115-kV bus. Both the buses will be designed to be expandable to a breaker and a half. Site preparation at the substation will include grading, fencing, grounding, and construction foundations. The Project also includes construction staging areas used for the duration of construction to store equipment and stage construction located at the Henry Lake Substation, near the Davis Substation, and at the proposed Greenhouse Substation. Each staging area will have two construction trailers, multiple storage containers, and other associated equipment. 21 -3-330.B . 5.f—Projected Development Schedule A project schedule is presented in Table 6 . Table 6: Project Schedule Milestone Date Weld County Permit Granted Fall 2014 Easement Acquisition Early 2015 Construction Begins Fall 2015 In Service Spring 2016 50 , .. . T.... , ,,,..- - r-gviiesg, • e. ...., , .;,,,, • .16. 11 C _ j17 "7T . • , ti• r w• S r *II et v :will 04 its j / Sva i g< se I Nit 4 i t r ,• kgT •'r II J • r ' f h a r J .$. .:... ..r., •, ....4: u t . f 1 ,H -L....:., _ .a t. Iii: S 1. AmIprMlF r kr -r5!T LP 'PI' 7m.tire es If sJ 1 •L. • • r win•r..- 1' e , _ �„ .- 's _ ' • W V,+•• -• . % --_, • ' �,-a — • • SA R_ t Greenhouse drip , 1 I J .L I • tf - egal 1 fr. .." • • sill • I ty• f •1%-- ••J -V. • . j GI- r let. .41;i4illiell . -• .. rib . pa. iiiiipr . -,:da x, es coL2 F •� , I a «i , iftJ is % •'JV o .. 1 a� • I -- r •ic 5., j •r-ilts fir. ' g• .• r •a _ • 47.143a.k Illi �IC r •- a • e — — +. -ifs- 1. ' . . % . .ir:4- es 4 ., • I tar 1. . • _ ! I: a:1. 1....... bare Id kit '.• _las col1/4 e"‘Nia ii NA' • iill EMIT:Eirs..eamill tit wriastil 'tcoital. '10 •3rill s?'...•: Sits. ir Ilik... - I ..- • jiAIP:2. .- I. illiakirelli:fit I ..al I. •• kW- h I % III FL i kihnot l' "4 • I\ • .nnEbeer k • , 1 /u. .11 . i it% it a . ali HENRY A 4 �1 -, ill LAKE . ' I ;/ -if - •y _ • iii , ter �z a in Stale Generation and to w.c....4.sal t.•...• * u»•r MS a...• I rnu+mbdoo .t++oclatlon. Inc. • c Ihwa.«.-Corrw c..• Open Wee, Mond lore-,t ■'a:MU [mini Su6n+trn Developed Open Space Vu d ut.'Srn . Sourtin Developed I ow Intensity Gras UndHetbacr<ws �utntrwn Tnbad.G•nwaas.as ert.nurr Southwest Weld Expansion Project ,- Developed.Medan Nte,n pasture Hay inC4 IMDeve 1pped./1•pn Intense! ()Rivaled Crop,. 'va Figure 6 - Land ('over .rr�,ett Tranun+von li1t nth= tprsra Dusan'Tranv.us+.vl in Slate Baleen Lard Ora Sand,Clay) Woe.*Wetland Uw C.•wl.YlH>•Il Decduous Forest f serf/lertuceou,Welland +.4.e.4...1 `.•.r M r.STATE E renytrn l cast respells Tram Um won C.«tW.+nn MAD DO tU l..D•. Da:!rani Assam Fail .1 �� ( :Mart 0 0715 045 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 52 •• 1 tit_• - • • ••L • • �� • f J • • • �� _ • • • • • I . •• ... F ♦ • ' • • • • 'l . • I f •• r •• • • • • • • t . . • ♦ 1• ' •' • _• . • • •• • • • .••• . • • • J .. . • a , • • • 1. • • I• • • • • • • • • Y Ir 0 . . • • • • • •• • ;z. • • . . ' • • • • •• 1 . . • •• I •: . •• �1 • .. . . • • • 1 - 1 • y� '_ -• • t . . 0 • •.•• .. l ' -'t lwia • - . • • . • • • • - C-: 4_ ; • ,•�• • _ _ _. .-1•: .1 •t_ * _+-m-w=. • •-• �• • ♦ ��T. 1 • • tar }'..' .. f MI i • - • ' • • - • i J , • Greenhouse • •• : L r • •• • • ' • + . 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Inc. www•«.•COMw A, FF�ig5ubs1 Com,nvcW• rla4•lu anon [...rapt nProtect Sub•tabon Inch.W Soolces tnias Southwest Weld Expansion Project O•andGWe-ls Ma arHome tiros as .r•wrrr�,.r WO Figure 7 - Land Use ..Protedtrarnm...on Natural R.-teach .ach 1.600 Wet [nomTr;lrnmwcn In Si•Ic ItM.EenEW Do.c.•r.l tc'*sa S14r•Assessed Isla..M.•1 �`.TN1 STATE Vacant land 1ar•r•..]n.ry}AD 11111 Ill Es Lq ; r. h•1•ala rrrr•.a 14...ale .r Ns:Mani Arcata 1•YI 0 0715 04-5 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 54 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 21 -3-330.B . 5.q—Hazards and Emergency Procedures The purpose of the proposed transmission facilities is to transmit electricity. The greatest danger from a transmission line is direct contact with electrical conductors. Accordingly, extreme caution must be exercised when operating high-profile vehicles and equipment near the Project. The conductors are supported by insulators mounted on grounded poles to prevent arcing (which could start a fire). Tri-State prohibits storage of flammables, construction of flammable structures, and other activities that have the potential to cause or provide fuel for fires on its easements and rights-of-way. There are no explosive substances associated with the proposed transmission line or substation . All Tri-State electric facilities are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to meet or exceed all applicable standards of design and performance set forth in the NESC (NESC 2012). Post-construction, the proposed transmission line and substation would be unmanned and controlled remotely by Tri-State. The proposed line is designed with overhead ground wires and grounded towers to protect the system from becoming damaged by lightning. Transmission line poles and conductors occasionally may be hit by lightning; therefore, the area near towers and other tall objects (e.g. , trees) should be avoided during thunderstorms. Health and safety concerns associated with the Project, therefore, would be limited largely to EMF from the transmission line and substation . Electric fields are caused by voltage on an object, such as the voltage on conductors connected to an energized substation. Magnetic fields are produced when an electrical current flows through a conductor. EMF extends outward from transmission line conductors and decreases rapidly with distance from the transmission line. This concept of prudent avoidance was considered in the siting and proposed construction, and operation of this facility. The expected levels of EMF for the proposed transmission lines were modeled for the Project and were found to be below 150 milligauss (mG), as required by the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (PUC) (Rules 3206(e) and (f)). Levels are predicted to be below 100 mG at the edge of the 230-kV right-of-way, and below 60 mG at the edge of the 115-kV right-of-way. These levels are similar to magnetic fields generated by common household appliances, power tools, and office equipment (Table 7). The Colorado PUC requires a utility to include the concept of prudent avoidance with respect to planning, siting, construction, and operation of transmission facilities. Prudent avoidance is the striking of a reasonable balance between the potential health effects of exposure to magnetic fields and the cost and impacts of mitigation of such exposure, by taking steps to reduce the exposure at reasonable or modest cost. Such steps might include, but are not limited to: ( 1 ) Design alternatives considering the spatial arrangement of phasing of conductors: (2) Routing lines to limit exposures to areas of concentrated population and group facilities such as schools and hospitals; (3) Installing higher structures; (4) Widening right-of-way corridors; and (5) Burial of lines. This Project utilizes a delta design conductor configuration and also maintains suitable distances from sensitive group receptors like schools and hospitals. 55 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 7: Common Sources of Magnetic Fields Sources of Magnetic Fields (mG)* Distance from source Distance from source 6" 1 ' 2' 4' 6" 1 ' 2' 4' Office Sources Workshop Sources AIR CLEANERS BATTERY CHARGERS Lowest 110 20 3 - Lowest 3 2 - - Median 180 35 5 1 Median 30 3 - - Highest 250 50 8 2 Highest 50 4 - - COPY MACHINES DRILLS Lowest 4 2 1 - Lowest 100 20 3 - Median 90 20 7 1 Median 150 30 4 - Highest 200 40 13 4 Highest 200 40 6 - FAX MACHINES POWER SAWS Lowest 4 - - - Lowest 50 9 1 - Median 6 - - - Median 200 40 5 - Highest 9 2 - - Highest 1000 300 40 4 FLUORESCENT LIGHTS ELECTRIC SCREWDRIVERS (while charging) Lowest 20 - - - Lowest - - - - Median 40 6 2 - Median - - - - Highest 100 30 8 4 Highest — — — — ELECTRIC PENCIL SHARPENERS Lowest 20 8 5 - Distance from source Median 200 70 20 2 1 ' 2' 4' Highest 300 90 30 30 Living/Family Room Sources VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS (see page 48) CEILING FANS (PCs with color monitors)** Lowest - - - Lowest 7 2 1 - Median 3 - - Median 14 5 2 - Highest 50 6 1 Highest 20 6 3 - WINDOW AIR CONDITIONERS Lowest - - - Bathroom Sources HAIR DRYERS Median 3 1 - - Highest 20 6 4 Lowest 1 - - - COLOR TELEVISIONS** Median 300 1 - - Highest 700 70 10 1 Lowest - - - Median 7 2 - ELECTRIC SHAVERS Highest 20 8 4 Lowest 4 - - - Median 100 20 - - Highest 600 100 10 1 56 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 7: Common Sources of Magnetic Fields, continued Sources of Magnetic Fields (mG)* Distance from source Distance from source 6" 1 ' 2' 4' 6" 1 ' 2' 4' Kitchen Sources Kitchen Sources BLENDERS ELECTRIC OVENS Lowest 30 5 - - Lowest 4 1 - - Median 70 10 2 - Median 9 4 - - Highest 100 20 3 — Highest 20 5 1 - CAN OPENERS ELECTRIC RANGES Lowest 500 40 3 - Lowest 20 - - - Median 600 150 20 2 Median 30 8 2 — Highest 1500 300 30 4 Highest 200 30 9 6 COFFEE MAKERS REFRIGERATORS Lowest 4 - - - Lowest - - - - Median 7 - - - Median 2 2 1 - Highest 10 1 - - Highest 40 20 10 10 DISHWASHERS TOASTERS Lowest 10 6 2 - Lowest 5 - - - Median 20 10 4 - Median 10 3 — — Highest 100 30 7 1 Highest 20 7 - - FOOD PROCESSORS Lowest 20 5 - - Bedroom Sources Median 30 6 2 - DIGITAL CLOCK**** Highest 130 20 3 - GARBAGE DISPOSALS Lowest - - - Median 1 - - Lowest 60 8 1 - High 8 2 1 Median 80 10 2 - Highest 100 20 3 - ANALOG CLOCKS MICROWAVE OVENS*** (conventional clockface)**** Lowest 100 1 1 - Lowest 1 - - Median 200 4 10 2 Median 15 2 - Highest 300 200 30 20 Highest 30 5 3 MIXERS BABY MONITOR (unit nearest child) Lowest 30 5 - - Lowest 4 - - - Median 100 10 1 - Median 6 1 - - Highest 600 100 10 — Highest 15 2 — - 57 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 7: Common Sources of Magnetic Fields, continued Sources of Magnetic Fields (mG)* Distance from source Distance from source 6" 1 ' 2' 4' 6" 1 ' 2' 4' Laundry/Utility Sources Laundry/Utility Sources ELECTRIC CLOTHES DRYERS PORTABLE HEATERS Lowest 2 - - - Lowest 5 1 - - Median 3 2 - - Median 100 20 4 — Highest 10 3 - - Highest 150 40 8 1 WASHING MACHINES VACUUM CLEANERS Lowest 4 1 - - Lowest 100 20 4 - Median 20 7 1 - Median 300 60 10 1 Highest 100 30 6 — Highest 700 200 50 10 IRONS SEWING MACHINES Lowest 6 1 - - Home sewing machines can produce magnetic fields Median 8 1 - - of 12 mG at chest level and 5 mG at head level. Highest 20 3 — — Magnetic fields as high as 35 mG at chest level and 215 mG at knee level have been measured from industrial sewing machine models (Sobel, 1994). Source: EMF In Your Environment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. ' Dash (—) means that the magnetic field at this distance from the operating appliance could not be distinguished from background measurements taken before the appliance had been turned on. '• Some appliances produce both 60-Hz and higher frequency fields. For example, televisions and computer screens produce fields at 10,000-30,000 Hz (10-30 kHz) as well as 60-Hz fields. • '• Microwave ovens produce 60-Hz fields of several hundred milligauss, but they also create microwave energy inside the appliance that is at a much higher frequency (about 2.45 billion hertz). We are shielded from the higher frequency fields but not from the 60-Hz fields. '•*" Most digital clocks have low magnetic fields. In some analog clocks, however, higher magnetic fields are produced by the motor that drives the hands. In the above table, the clocks are electrically powered using alternating current, as are all the appliances described in these tables. Source: National Institutes of Health 2O02 58 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Numerous scientific studies have been conducted to better understand whether there is a possibility that EMF causes disease. The consensus of scientists familiar with these studies is that no significant risk to humans from long-term exposure to EMF has been established. Tri-State remains sensitive to the EMF issue and responds promptly and accurately to inquiries with currently available information. As corporate policy, Tri-State has adopted programs to ensure that its electric facilities are designed , constructed, and operated to minimize , to the extent prudent and practicable, the level of EMF that is created. Tri-State's position statement on EMF health effects is included as Appendix B. Environmental Hazards Enclosed containment would be provided for all trash . All construction waste, including trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other potentially hazardous materials would be removed from the site and transported to a disposal facility authorized to accept such materials. There would be no significant amount of hazardous materials stored in the Project area. Construction, operation , and maintenance activities would comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding the use of hazardous substances. The only hazardous chemicals expected to be used on site are those found in diesel fuel, gasoline, coolant (ethylene glycol ), and lubricants in machinery. Hazardous materials would not be drained onto the ground or into streams or drainage areas. In its contract with the construction contractor, Tri-State would specify that it will hold a required pre-construction meeting with the contractor to ensure all applicable laws and Tri-State's procedures would be followed. Tri-State's Project Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects are attached as Appendix C. Although the transmission line would be inspected annually, emergencies may occur. If there were an issue, appropriate field crews and engineering personnel would be notified by telephone or radio and they would undertake the required procedures to correct the problem and restore facilities to normal operations. 21 -3-330.B.5.h—Name, Address, and Telephone of Applicant Tri-State Generation and Transmission , Inc. Attention: Selina Koler Address: 1100 West 116th Ave. , Westminster, CO 80234 Phone Number: 303-254-3720 21 -3-330.B5. i—Name and Address of the Fee Owners of the Property The fee owners are as listed in section 21 -3-330. B.5. h of this application . 59 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 21 -3-330. B .5.j—Legal Description of the Property under Consideration Greenhouse The northwest quarter of Section 34, Township (T) 2 North, Range (R) 66 Substation West, of the 6'h Prime Meridian (PM), Weld County, Colorado. Greenhouse— An easement 150 feet in width within the approximate limits of the identified Henry lake portions of the following sections in: Transmission Township 2 North , Range 66 West of the 6'" PM in Weld County, Colorado: Line Easement The North 400 feet of the South half Section 34 The East half of the Southeast quarter Section 34 Township 1 North , Range 66 West of the 6'" PM in Weld County, Colorado: The East 400 feet of sections 3, 10 , 15, 22 The South half of the East half Section 22 The East half of the East half of Section 27 Greenhouse— An easement 100 feet in width within the approximate limits of the identified Davis portions of the following sections in Township 2 North, Range 66 West of the Transmission 6'h PM in Weld County, Colorado: Line Easement The North 400 feet of the South half Section 34 The West half of the Northwest quarter, and the North half of the Northwest quarter, and the Northwest quarter of the Northeast quarter section 35 The West half of the east half of sections 26, 23, 14 These legal descriptions are approximate and will be replaced by the final legal descriptions following completion of land survey work for the Project. They are also subject to change within the same ownership based on engineering design. 21 -3-330. B .5. k—Total Acreage of the Parcel , Right-of-Way or Corridor under Consideration The surface area for the newly constructed transmission line structures and substation on private land would total approximately 20 acres. 21 -3-330.B .5.I—Existing Land Use The Project would take place on private land. Land uses near the Project area include agricultural production, electric transmission, oil and gas production and storage, as well as residential uses. 21 -3-330.B . 5.m—Existing Land Uses of All Properties Adjacent to Parcel The portion of the Project located in unincorporated Weld County is zoned Agricultural. The parcels that would be crossed by the line include agricultural property, residential use, and oil and gas development. There are multiple existing transmission lines on the properties as well. There are four total residences within 500 feet of the Preferred transmission line routes and one residence within 200 feet. There are no residences adjacent to the Greenhouse 60 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Substation. The Aristocrat Ranchettes are approximately 0.33 mile to the north adjacent to the existing J. M. Shafer Generating Station and Public Service's Fort Lupton Substation . 21 -3-330 .B. 5.n—Present Zone and Overlay Zones The current zoning in the Project area is Agricultural. Tri-State will be required to submit an application with the FAA for a "Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation" for the Greenhouse—Davis Substation transmission line due to its proximity to the Platte Valley Airpark. 21 -3-330 .B.5.o— Signatures_ of the Applicant and Fee Owners or Their Authorize d Legal Agent See USR Application Form. 21-3-330.B. 6—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Constraints Affecting Site Selection and Construction A Transmission Routing Study was completed for the Study Area (Appendix A) to help determine potential routes for the Project. Detailed routing objectives are provided in Table 8 below, but generally included the following considerations: • Length following existing linear features • Number of residences in proximity • Agricultural uses (e.g. center pivots) • Total line length between substations • Engineering factors (e.g . airports, stream crossings) • Property lines • Proximity to wells and other oil and gas facilities Table 8: Routing Objectives Land Use Objectives Avoid oil and gas flare and vent facilities by 75 feet for height clearance Avoid gas pipelines by 75 feet. Avoid gas and water wells by 200 feet Parallel existing transmission lines where possible, while maintaining appropriate clearance Minimize number of transmission line crossings Favor routing transmission line through areas with existing and future land uses that are compatible with transmission lines such as industrial, commercial , and agricultural land uses. Avoid areas with existing and future land uses that are not compatible such as residential developments and high density land use Where they exist and are not constrained by crowding, parallel existing linear corridors (roads and transmission lines) Avoid occupied structures and other buildings Avoid homes and buildings, and other industrial structures such as oil and gas wells, so that the ROW is kept clear of existing structures Avoid impacts to local airports, both private and public Transportation Objectives Favor paralleling existing state highways and county and local roads where possible 61 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 8: Routing Objectives Land Cover Objectives Transmission line spans are approximately 700 feet to 800 feet. therefore, avoid surface water or other land features such as ditches that are greater than 800 feet in width that cannot be spanned Minimize impacts to sensitive resources that exist in wetlands by spanning wetlands or routing around wetlands or through careful pole placement Existing Utility Infrastructure Objectives Assess feasibility of routing along existing transmission and distribution lines and existing pipelines Cultural and Historic Resources Objectives Avoid potential degradation of National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed sites by routing transmission line away from such sites Work with local county and municipalities to identify culturally sensitive landmarks or sites and avoid routing transmission line within these sites Biological Resources Objectives Reduce potential impacts to sensitive species habitat by identifying a Platte River crossing with existing disturbance (e.g., road or transmission line crossings) Minimize impacts to avian species by avoiding nesting areas Based on the comparative analysis and stakeholder input, the preferred routes were selected. The preferred routes minimize impacts to residences and current land use. 21-3-330.B. 7—Natural and Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts from Construction of the Electric Transmission Line (satisfies 21-3-330. C. 2. a) Land Use Land use along the proposed transmission line route would be minimally impacted and would continue to include agriculture, residential use, and oil and gas activities. Agricultural productivity would be minimally impacted as a result of the Project. The Weld County Code, Chapter 22 , Comprehensive Plan, has been reviewed and the proposed transmission line is consistent with the intent of the Comprehensive Plan, including land use, environmental resources, and natural resources. The proposed transmission line would be located in an area that is zoned Agricultural. Although the transmission line is not an agricultural use, it is a land use commonly located in agricultural areas and does not conflict with the goals outlined in the Comprehensive Plan . Careful site planning would be developed with only a localized loss of agricultural land quality. Ground disturbance generally would be limited to an area of approximately 64 square feet around each pole (8 feet x 8 feet). The long-term presence of the numerous existing transmission lines and continued agricultural , residential , and oil and gas development in the area provide an example of the complementary nature of the uses. Land use at the substation has previously been impacted by historic greenhouses. Transportation Impacts (satisfies 21 -3-330.C .2.q' Approximately 68 construction workers would be employed during the course of the approximately 6-month construction period . The maximum number of construction workers at 62 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application any one time would be approximately 68; however, the workers would likely be dispersed along the right-of-way. Table 9 lists the personnel and equipment for each phase of construction. Table 10 lists the weight of construction vehicles. After construction , the Project would generate infrequent trips to the transmission line and substations during operation; the line would be inspected annually and occasionally for maintenance . No adverse effects on county roads are anticipated . Tri-State would work with the Weld County Public Works Department to determine the appropriate access to the construction area . All mobile construction equipment would be certified to operate on Interstate highways. There may be short periods of time when traffic would be halted on County Roads to allow construction vehicles to enter and exit the construction area. No improvements to Weld County roads would be required . Table 9: Typical Construction Personnel and Equipment—Transmission Line Number of Duration of Persons Equipment Construction Activity 115-kV 230-kV 115-kV 230-kV 115-kV 230-kV Foundations 6 10 2 pressure digger 2 pressure digger 2 weeks 6 weeks 2-3 concrete 2-3 concrete trucks trucks 2-3 pickup trucks 3-4 pickup trucks 1 tractor/trailer 1 tractor/trailer 1 material truck 1 material truck 1 backhoe 420 1 backhoe 420 Structure 8 8 1 bucket truck 1 bucket truck 8 weeks 10 Assembly and 1 boom truck 1 boom truck weeks Erection 1 front-end loader 1 mobile crane 3 pickup trucks 3 pickup trucks 4 tractor/trailers 4 tractor/trailers Wire Installation 12 16 1 flatbed truck 6 pickup trucks 8 weeks 10 5 pickup trucks 1 drum puller weeks 1 drum puller 1 tensioner 1 tensioner 3 bucket trucks 3 bucket trucks Cleanup 4 4 1 bobcat 1 bobcat 2 weeks 2 weeks 3-4 pickups 3-4 pickups Total 30 38 N/A N/A 19 24 weeks weeks Table 10: Weight of Construction Vehicles Type of Vehicle Weight (Ibs) Pickup Truck 7,000 Bucket Truck 60,000 Boom Truck 47,000 Pressure Digger 33,000 63 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 10 : Weight of Construction Vehicles Type of Vehicle Weight (Ibs) Front-end Loader 43,000 Backhoe 420 15,000 Concrete Truck (with 10 cubic yard load) 66,000 Tractor Trailer 80,000 Bobcat 4,200 Material Truck 7,000 Drum Puller/Tensioner 4.500 empty / 20,600 with reel Socioeconomic Impacts (satisfies 21 -3-330.C.2.q and 21 -3-330.C.3.a) The communities nearest to the Project area are Brighton and Fort Lupton . Larger nearby cities include Loveland, Greeley, Longmont and Thornton. It is anticipated that the Project would have a small beneficial impact to the local economies of these towns and the larger metropolitan cities. Construction contractors, regardless of origin, would likely spend some money in these communities for fuel, food, or other supplies. During the construction period, the local economy may see a small influx of dollars and a small increase in sales tax revenue. The footprints of the proposed structures would be the only land removed from current use. Land between the transmission structures would remain available for farming, grazing , or other operations that do not interfere with safe and reliable operation of the transmission line. Land at the substation site has already been impacted by historic greenhouses. The Project area is located within District 1 of the Weld County Sheriffs Department and is within the jurisdiction of the following Fire Protection Districts (FPD): • Fort Lupton FPD • Greater Brighton FPD Public roads are maintained by the Weld County Department of Public Works and the respective municipalities. The nearest hospital to the northern side of the Project area is in the City of Longmont (Longmont United Hospital) and the nearest hospital to the southern side of the Project area is in the City of Westminster (St. Anthony North Medical Pavilion). None of these services is expected to be affected , unless emergency situations occur. There are no adverse socioeconomic impacts associated with the Project. The Project would generate additional tax revenue for Weld County. This Project is not inconsistent with the Economic Development Goals and Policies described in the Weld County Comprehensive Plan (Weld County 2008). 64 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Discussion of Impacts on Additional Resources Including Significant Environmentally Sensitive Factors (satisfies 21 -3-330.C .2c and 21 -3-330.C.2e) Vegetation Including Marshlands and Wetlands The Project area is characterized by agricultural lands, oil and gas development, and residential use. The surrounding vegetation is primarily disturbed grassland . Permanent removal of vegetation would occur at structure sites. Vegetation has already been permanently removed at the Greenhouse Substation for the historic greenhouses. Construction would occur primarily in areas that have been previously disturbed , and impacts to native vegetation communities are expected to be minimal . Most access would be overland or along existing roads, and minimal vegetation would be disturbed from roads. No drainages or wetlands would be impacted by the transmission lines or substation. Figure 8 presents a map of water resources within the Project area. Wildlife and Critical Wildlife Habitat The agriculture areas in the Project area are likely to support a variety of common wildlife such as coyote, fox, skunk, rabbits, and various birds. There is no designated critical wildlife habitat in the vicinity of the project although suitable habitat may exist for the state-listed Western burrowing owl . Prior to construction , Tri-State will conduct surveys for migratory birds and Western Burrowing Owls (in prairie dog towns in the vicinity of the transmission lines and substation ). If any nests for migratory birds or any listed species are found, appropriate construction timing limitations will be enforced, as feasible, according to Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) recommendations. Where timing limitations or setback cannot be applied due to timing constraints, other alternative mitigation measures would be considered and vetted with CPW. If any federally-listed species are found, Tri-State will consult with the U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) regarding avoidance and mitigation . To preclude avian electrocutions and minimize collision risk, Tri-State would incorporate Avian Protection Plan (APP) standards developed by the Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC 2006) and the APP guidelines (APLIC and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 2005) to protect birds on power lines, as well as NESC-specified electric conductor clearances. Project impacts to wildlife are expected to be minimal and limited to temporary disturbance from construction activities. Special Status Species Federal and state-listed threatened or endangered species that occur in the Project area are listed in Table 11 . 65 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 11 : Threatened or Endangered Species in Weld County Federal Common Name Scientific Name Status State Status Birds Mexican Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis lucida Threatened Threatened Western Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Threatened Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Special Concern Plains Sharp-tailed Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesii Endangered Grouse Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis Special Concern Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus Special Concern Mammals Preble's Meadow Zapus hudsonius preblei Threatened Threatened Jumping Mouse Swift Fox Vulpes velox Special Concern Plants Colorado Butterfly Plant Gaura neomexicana spp. Threatened coloradensis Ute Ladies'-tresses Spiranthes diluvialis Threatened orchid Source: USFWS 2014 The Mexican Spotted Owl is known to occur in the southwestern U .S. with the main populations inhabiting Arizona and New Mexico. The Mexican Spotted Owl prefers canyon habitat consisting of mixed-conifer, pine-oak, and riparian forest. This habitat is not present in the Project area. Therefore, Mexican Spotted Owls are unlikely to be impacted by the Project. The Preble's meadow jumping mouse is a federally threatened species. This species inhabits riparian areas and adjacent uplands. Preferred riparian habitat includes mixed vegetation types where dense herbaceous or woody vegetation occurs near the ground level and where available open water exists during their active season . Presence of this species in the Project area is highly unlikely. There is no designated critical habitat for Preble's meadow jumping mouse in Weld County. The Ute ladies'-tresses orchid and Colorado butterfly plant are federally threatened plant species associated with floodplains and wet meadows. No suitable habitat occurs within the Project area. Although Bald and Golden Eagles are not federally listed species under the Endangered Species Act, they have federal protections under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Eagles are found throughout the continuous U .S. and Alaska, and occupy a very wide range of habitat. For nesting , they most frequently use cliffs but will also nest in trees. Pre-construction surveys would be conducted to identify any active nests and appropriate timing restrictions would be implemented to avoid impacts to the Bald and Golden Eagles. 66 SFr' 'i \1 1 ( \ -----�- _ _ DAVIS _ __ aAiI \) r , w `.. R t • _.. !.. -, 111 ill ► .l', 1 ' r .. 1 it Aristocrat ✓ Ra• ncMn•s JI 2 Ali e li J.M ',j; w Gl \ ASHAFER I. I Greenhouse % � � t • 1 Fan Lupton i1 11 '1 \ .,----eri I _. i 3 o f • ) „ P +� 4a _. INIIII, \1 K. _. ) 1 ........ F. I /Pe...NC) dlIPP7 • ri: . t 7/ A I l o.. ₹ Lik. . I SIPRES HENRY j /i..I - LAKE tAI �-- . t ll c ` ! 1, ll \ - lei Stale(.eurrallua and I,'tone`•"••"••••"hwy..... lift Meow 1 ranlmhdoo Anoclatlon. Inc. W'ww.«..COSw A Hostel Sutmatgn ■IantIU 1 nP<atec,% ,taho, Sources T Southwest Weld Expansion Project a Protect Tr.ertvmewn t swr 01101.31101%a)T/a•ntort ILtl • Figure 8 - Water Resources a Existing Tratsmust.on Tn$tile Wien Stein I molt= 1.000 krt Ole Cwwi:*WWI. W,dart N.Mxlul Weuanit Irn•L•rtloty 1•eW Merl ".TN1 stayr �• tiu• t1Va1N Csllr•n lgsn:NMI DO l ell lr.L - PY .d .hymnMa.tn. • .t plft :. Ora Nave dawn nu 0 0715 045 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 68 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application In addition to federally listed species, state-listed species that could occur in or near the Project area include Plains Sharp-tailed Grouse, Mountain Plover, Western Burrowing Owl, Swift Fox, and Ferruginous Hawk. The Plains Sharp-tailed Grouse is listed as endangered in Colorado. The bird formerly nested over much of the northern two-thirds of the eastern prairie, but the present population consists of only a few hundred birds in Douglas County (CPW 2010). No impacts to Plains Sharp-tailed Grouse are expected. The project area is considered overall range for swift fox, which is a state-species of special concern. As with other terrestrial mammal species in the area, impacts to swift fox are expected to be minimal and primarily consist of temporary disturbance from construction activities. Swift fox could be temporarily displaced during construction of the substation and transmission line, but animals in the area are likely habituated to human activity due to residential development, agriculture, and oil and gas activities. The Mountain Plover is a state-species of special concern and occurs in Weld County. More than half of the world's population nests in the state, east of the Project area in the Pawnee National Grasslands. Mountain plovers inhabit prairie grasslands, arid plains and fields. Nesting areas include grasslands grazed by prairie dogs and cattle, and overgrazed tallgrass and fallow fields. Presence or absence surveys for Mountain Plovers will be conducted prior to construction in areas identified as suitable habitat. If any nests are found , appropriate construction timing limitations will be implemented to avoid impacts to the Mountain Plover. The Western Burrowing Owl is a state-threatened species and could occur in the Project area. In northeastern Colorado, burrowing owls are typically associated with prairie dog colonies. Burrowing owls can excavate their own burrows, but they usually depend on burrows that have been started by colonially burrowing mammals , especially ground squirrels and prairie dogs. Pre-construction surveys will be conducted in prairie dog towns. If Western burrowing owls are encountered, timing restrictions will be implemented to avoid impacts to this species. The Ferruginous Hawk is a state-species of special concern in Colorado, and occurs year- round in the state. It is a common winter resident on the eastern plains in open grasslands and shrub steppe communities. Ferruginous Hawks nest in flat, rolling or rugged terrain in open areas, cliffs or rock outcrops, or isolated trees in grasslands. Pre-construction surveys will be conducted for raptors and if nests are encountered construction timing will be implemented to avoid impacts to this species. Unique Areas of Geologic, Historic, or Archaeological Importance Tri-State will conduct a Class I archaeological database search of the Project area, as well as a Class III pedestrian survey on properties where survey permission has been granted and where significant disturbance has previously not occurred . Any sites found to be eligible for 69 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application listing on the NRHP will be spanned and avoided by the Project. There are no areas of geologic importance in the vicinity of the project. Vested Water Rights The Project would have no impacts on vested water rights. Construction water and water to suppress dust during construction activities would be trucked into the area. 21-3-330. B. 8—Long- Term Effects upon Physical and Socioeconomic Development The proposed Project would not have any adverse effects on physical or socioeconomic development of the area . 21-3-330.B. 9—Mitigation of Adverse Impacts and Maximization of Positive Impacts Efforts would be made so the contour of the land and natural drainage patterns along the right-of-way are not disturbed . If land contours and drainage patterns are disturbed, efforts would be made to restore any negative effects. Because Weld County has a semi-arid climate, revegetation can be difficult. As a result, disturbances to land surrounding the construction area would be minimized. All practical efforts would be made to re-establish native vegetation in the disturbed area. Tri-State's Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects, included as Appendix C, addresses site reclamation of disturbed areas. 21-3-330. B. 10—Non-Structural Alternatives There are no non-structural alternatives that would accomplish the purpose and need for the transmission lines and overall Project. If the Project is not constructed, Tri-State and its Member's customers would be required to move their facilities or self-generate. 21-3-330.B. 11-Structural Alternatives Two transmission routing alternatives were considered in addition to the Preferred routes. These alternatives are discussed in more detail in the Alternatives to the Proposed Project section (page 3). 21-3-330.B. 12—Air and Water Pollution Impacts and Control Alternatives Air Pollution Impact and Control (satisfies 21 -3-330.C.2.d) Construction would last approximately 4-5 months. Construction activities associated with the proposed transmission line and substation would generate less than significant amounts of particulate matter from soil disturbances and diesel-powered equipment, and less than significant amounts of carbon monoxide and the precursor pollutants to ozone formation from tailpipe emissions. Any air pollutants generated would be widely dispersed across the Project area, short term in duration, and minimized by the small scale of construction operations for the substation , and excavating foundations for transmission structures. Air pollutants also 70 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application would be minimized through implementation of dust suppression and proper vehicle maintenance . Therefore, Project construction is not expected to impact the air quality status in the area. There would be no long-term air quality effects associated with routine operation and maintenance of the proposed transmission lines and substation. Once construction activities have been completed , but before vegetation has been re-established, some minor amount of additional dust could occur. The generation of dust would be monitored by Tri- State, and the appropriate action would be taken to control the dust and ensure that potential wind erosion is minimized. Weld County is an attainment area for all measured pollutants, including particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10). No air emissions would result from operation of the transmission line or substation. Water Pollution Impacts and Control There would be no direct impacts to water quality associated with regular operation or maintenance of the transmission line and substation. The Project would not create runoff in excess of historic levels and would not adversely affect drainage. There would be no alteration in the pattern or intensity of surface drainage as a result of construction or operation of the transmission line and substation. Prior to construction, a Storm Water Permit for Construction Activities would be acquired from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), where required. 21-3-330.8. 13—Design Alternatives: Access, Landscaping, and Architecture Access to the Project construction area would primarily be provided by existing roads and the right-of-way along the transmission lines. Where construction of new roads is required to gain access to sites where the poles would be erected, Tri-State will design the roads to minimize impacts to resources while allowing access by construction and maintenance vehicles. The access roads would not require architectural or landscape treatments. 21-3-330.B. 14—New or Upgraded Services New or upgraded services are not applicable to, and not required for, this Project. 21-3-330.8. 15—Hydrologic, Atmospheric, Geologic, Pedologic, Biotic, Visual, and Noise Impacts Biotic and atmospheric impacts are described above. Hydrologic Construction and maintenance of the transmission line and substation would not measurably impact surface water or groundwater quality. Additionally, there would be no long-term impacts to surface water or groundwater hydrology as a result of construction or operation of the Project. Project would not impact hydrologic flow of either surface water or groundwater, 71 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application nor would it affect groundwater recharge. Prior to construction, a Storm Water Permit for Construction Activities would be acquired from the CDPHE, where required Minimal water would be used during Project construction. Water for construction purposes, including concrete foundations and dust control , would be brought in from off-site sources by a construction water provider. The source of the construction water would be from either a private well owned by the construction water company or from a municipality. No existing water rights would be impacted, and there would be no long-term use of water. If water is needed for revegetation around transmission structures or temporary access roads, the construction water provider would supply the water. No water would be required for the operation of the transmission line or substation. Geologic Construction and operation of the electric transmission line and substation would not alter the geology of the Project area. The Project does not occur within a Geologic Hazard Area. Pedologic Appendix D includes a complete list of the soil map units that occur in the Study Area. Figure 5 shows the linear extensibility, or soil shrink/swell potential, in the Study Area. Shrink/swell potential of a soil is based on the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. The classes of shrink/swell potential are shown in Table 12. The majority of the soils in the Study Area have low shrink/swell potential . Table 12: Soil Shrink/Swell Classes Class Value Low 0-3% Moderate 3-6% High 6-9% Very high > 9% Figure 9A shows the soil erodibility based on factor K within the Project area. The factor K is a measurement of the soil's susceptibility to sheet and rill erosion by water; it is calculated as a function of an average diameter of the soil particles. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to predict annual rate of soil loss in tons per acre per year. Factor K values range from 0.02 to 0.69, with higher values indicating higher losses. For the purpose of this report, soil K factors would be classified based on Table 13. 72 DAVIS • S �J.M SHAFER LGreenhouse SIPRES HENRY ° 1LAKE t IdSlate( enrralluu and A t"••n• Mo"a t""""`• lrau mbdoo.l+welatlntl. loe. e.nirg5.tstionn UN Inn Inn na ... w.t.w.«.co aw w rlagllu F1Proved SuM1aWn Sources Prgect Ttarnrn.fvon Doane Gw.warmr,w0 trsrwwKr Southwest Weld Expansion Project .1 artery T.amnmsion Tr.Gar 0141 Figure 9A - Soil Erodibility by Water +Eroalt.tllty Sy Water Low +inch= 1,009 rCM Moderate t.N.y sArno. l r' ten Sinre (.w�.r]..rnw rfolioap lla)t tv l .L.� 'NO nom:!neurone lien one • peen!I.e aa.wee Itu f Mart 0 0225 045 09 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 74 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Table 13: Soil Erodibility Classes Class Factor K Value Low 0.05-0.2 Moderate 0.21-0.4 High > 0.4 According to the NRCS Soil Survey of the Northern Part of Weld County (Appendix D), the majority of the soils, including those found at the Greenhouse substation are low to moderately erodible. Soil erodibility by wind is shown on Figure 9B. Soils that are highly erodible by wind occur throughout the Project area . Environmental protection measures (EPMs) described in Appendix C are expected to mitigate impacts. There are no data sources available that evaluate subsidence hazard in the Study Area. However, there are no mines in the vicinity of the Study Area, which may increase the risk of soil subsidence. Numerous soil types along the transmission line are designated as Prime Farmlands or Farmlands of Statewide Importance . However, placement of the transmission line support structures would not preclude the use of farmland under the suspended transmission line. Approximately 20 acres of the right-of-way is considered Farmland of Statewide Importance. There is no Prime Farmland on the right-of-way or the substation (Figure 2). Only a small portion of the soils in the right-of-way would be disturbed for the Project (less than 0.5 acre of permanent disturbance). The soils at the Greenhouse Substation are considered Farmland of local importance; however, they were previously taken out of agricultural use by the greenhouse (Figures 2 and 3). The Project would not adversely affect any of the soil types within the Study Area. Construction of the project would cause some localized soil compaction and increase the potential for soil erosion. Long-term effects associated with soil erosion and compaction would be minimized or negated though use of EPMs (Appendix C). Noise The Project would be constructed and maintained in accordance with Colorado Revised Statutes 25-12-101 et seq. (Noise Abatement) and Article IX, Section 14-9-10 et seq . of the Weld County Code . However, corona may result in audible noise being produced by the transmission lines. Corona is the electrical ionization of the air that occurs near the surface of the energized conductor due to very high electric field strength. The amount of corona produced by a transmission line is a function of the voltage of the line, the diameter of the conductors, the locations of the conductors in relation to each other, the elevation of the line above sea level , the condition of the conductors and hardware, and the local weather conditions. Irregularities (such as nicks and scrapes on the conductor surface or sharp edges on suspension hardware) concentrate the electric field at these locations and thus increase the electric field gradient and the resulting corona at these spots. Raindrops, snow, fog, and 75 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application condensation accumulated on the conductor surface are also sources of surface irregularities that can increase corona. Audible noise levels were modeled for the Project and are expected to be below 14 dBA (roughly comparable to normal breathing) at the edge of the 115-kV right-of-way in rainy conditions, and below 45 dBA (roughly comparable to a refrigerator humming) at the edge of the 230-kV right-of-way in rainy conditions. The audible noise in fair conditions would be negligible at the edge of the 115-kV right-of-way and below 20 dBA at the edge of the 230-kV right-of-way. Visual The Project is not expected to significantly affect the aesthetics of the area. There is extensive oil and gas development in the area , as well as existing electrical infrastructure including transmission lines. The Greenhouse Substation is located adjacent to an existing generation station in an industrial area. Given the existing disturbance at the Greenhouse Substation visual aesthetics of the area would be minimally impacted. 21-3-330.B. 16-Surface and Subsurface Drainage Subsurface drainage would not be impacted by the proposed transmission line or substation. Project construction would not create runoff in excess of previous site levels and would not adversely affect drainage. A range of measures ensuring the Project does not impact water quality is listed in Appendix C; prior to construction, a Storm Water Permit for Construction Activities would be acquired from CDPHE, where required. 76 DAVIS . a Ilk 1 1 J.M SHAFER AA II titilliiis Greenhouse lit _ _- lei— 1 illit&a, ` m... • ' 1 ) . 1 lit Ilk lir -Awn- lie 4lit SIPRES e '�'a—-- HENRY LAKE T Id Slate Generation and - u.........4....4` "« '�' 1 rantmbdoo.1110r1a1lntl. Inc. hasten SubsiJrin u»•..MS Mow it'«.00hrn,CO S2$4 nw ■la.:aa Proved SuMLUon SOWf Puled Tramnrsvan Tn841t Gonwatgn aft)rrsrnwrr/ Southwest Weld Expansion Project tt�[I Tramnnvm To Stale s t r.a Figure 98 - Soil Erodibility by Wind Sod&alibi*/By wind I.nr 1n.lt- TBBD kH It I aw(nerd .^:ql Moderate Whir$.•w I I �`.TN! stayr C.«t.r An••r. %ADU Tt III E .it% �_ Ibgtl hynn•. Ttr«w 1.1...nor • .t On:Nut Arne. .tl f I. M r. 0 02S OS t Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. 78 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application REFERENCES APLIC (Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC). 2006. Suggested Practices for Avian Protection on Power Lines: The State of the Art in 2006. Edison Electric Institute/Raptor Research Foundation. Washington, D.C. 207 pp. APLIC and USFWS (Avian Power Line Interaction Committee and U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2005. Avian Protection Plan (APP) Guidelines. April . CPW (Colorado Parks and Wildlife). 2011 . Black-footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes)—Species Profile. Available online: http://wildlife.state.co.us/WildlifeSpecies/SpeciesOfConcern/Mammals/Pages/Blackfo otedFerret.aspx. Last updated November 30, 2011 . . 2010. Plains Sharp-tailed Grouse ( Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi)—Species Profile. Available online: http://wildlife.state.co.us/WildlifeSpecies/Profiles/Birds/Pages/SharptailGrouse.aspx. Last updated July 16, 2010. NAIP (Natural Agriculture Imagery Program). 2005. Base Map Data. NESC (National Electrical Safety Code). 2012. 2012 National Electric Safety Code. National Hydrography Dataset. 2006. Surface Water Data. National Landcover Dataset. 2001 . Land Cover Data. NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2014. Soils Data . NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2014. Custom Soil Resource Report for Weld County Colorado, Southern Part. Accessed at: http://websoilsurvey. nres.usda .cov/aoo/WebSoilSurvey.asox in July 2014. National Institutes of Health. 2002. Electric and Magnetic Fields Associated with the Use of Electric Power. Questions and Answers. June. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Information, Planning, and Conservation System (IPAC). Accessed at http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/ in July, 2014. Weld County. 2008. 2008 Weld County Comprehensive Plan. Adopted November 24, 2008. Chapter 22 of the Weld County Code. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 2011 . Threatened, Endangered, and Nongame Bird and Mammal Investigations, Annual Completion Report, Period Covered: 15 April 79 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application 201 to 14 April 2011 . Available online: http://gf.state.wy.us/web2011 /Departments/ Wildlife/pdfs/JCR NONGAMEACR 20110001023.pdf. August. 80 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Appendix A: Transmission Routing Study See attached CD . Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Appendix B : Tri -State Position Statement on EMF Health Effects 0 TRI - STATE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ASSOCIATION , INC. HEADQUARTERS: P.O . BOX 33695 DENVER , COLORADO 80233 -0695 303 -452 -6111 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF ) Electric and magnetic fields ( EMF) are found wherever there is a flow of electricity, such as in the use of electric lights, appliances , computers, power lines, home wiring and any other devices that carry or use electricity. The Earth itself also creates natural EMF in varying amounts . Therefore , we are all continuously exposed to EMF as a result of living in a society that so heavily relies on the use of electricity as a source of energy. Some members of the public have raised concerns about EMF and health issues. We at Tri- State Generation and Transmission Association are aware of these concerns and we wish to express our position on EMF and our commitment to this matter. Over the past four decades , thousands of scientific studies on EMF have been conducted around the world . This very large body of research has been evaluated by leading public health organizations , such as the World Health Organization (WHO ) and the U . S . National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( NIEHS) . The WHO currently concludes that "despite extensive research , to date there is no evidence to conclude that exposures to low level electromagnetic fields is harmful to human health ." The U . S . NIEHS reached a similar conclusion in an earlier report, finding only "weak" and "marginal" evidence that EMF from electric power could affect health . The U . S . government has not recommended the standards for public exposures to electric power EMF . The WHO has endorsed the exposure limits adopted by the International Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation ( ICNIRP) and the International Committee for Electromagnetic Safety ( ICES ). These limits are 2 ,000 mG ( ICNIRP ) and 9 ,040 mG ( ICES ). The EMF levels that members of the public could experience from Tri-State power lines are well below these recommended exposure limits . Tri-State recognizes its responsibility to provide wholesale electric service at the lowest possible cost in a manner that is safe , reliable and environmentally sound . This responsibility includes designing and locating our facilities in accordance with the National Electric Safety Code and applicable federal , state and local regulations . In addition , even though electric power EMF have not been shown to cause adverse health effects , we will continue where reasonable and practicable to design and operate new facilities in a way that will lower EMF from those facilities. Tri-State continues to support credible scientific research on EMF as a sponsor of the EMF research program of the Electric Power Research Institute . We will continue to monitor the results of these and other scientific studies , will provide information about EMF issues to our member systems, our employees and our electric consumers and will respond promptly to inquiries . 5/2012 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Appendix C : Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application TOPIC No. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES General G-1 The contractor shall comply with all federal. state, and local environmental laws, orders. and regulations. Prior to construction. all supervisory construction personnel will be instructed on the protection of cultural and ecological resources. G-2 Prior to construction, Tri-State shall discuss with the contractor areas of environmental sensitivity within the Project area and, in particular, those areas where a monitor must be present during construction. Access Routes AR-1 No construction activities will be performed during periods when the soil is too wet to adequately support equipment and vehicles. If equipment or vehicles create ruts in excess of 4-6 inches deep for a distance of 10 feet on native surface roads, the soil shall be deemed too wet to adequately support construction equipment. If equipment or vehicles create ruts in excess of 1 inch deep on graveled roads, the roads shall be deemed too wet to support construction equipment. AR-2 Only the minimum amount of soils and vegetation necessary for the maintenance of access routes and the safe and reliable operation of the transmission line will be disturbed. If excavation is necessary, topsoil will be conserved and reused as cover on disturbed areas to facilitate re-growth of vegetation. Vegetation will be cleared from those areas necessary to obtain adequate working width and turning radius space for maintenance equipment and allow for the safe operation of the transmission line. AR-3 Water bars on the access roads will be constructed as specified by Tri-State. Water bars will be constructed to: 1 ) simulate the imaginary contour lines of the slope (ideally with a grade of 1 to 2%); 2) drain away from the disturbed area; and 3) begin and end in vegetation or rock, whenever possible. Tri-State to provide specification for water bar construction. Water turn-off bars or small terraces shall be installed across all temporary construction access roads and trails on hillsides to prevent erosion and facilitate natural revegetation of the trails. Aesthetics A-1 The contractor shall exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and shall conduct construction operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring, or defacing of the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Except where clearing is required for permanent works, approved temporary or permanent construction roads, staging areas, or excavation operations, vegetation shall be preserved and protected from damage by the contractor's construction operations and equipment. A-2 The contractor shall minimize scarring, defacing, damage, or destruction of the natural landscape resulting from construction operations. Any unnecessary or unauthorized damage shall be repaired by the contractor to the satisfaction of Tri-State. A-3 All construction materials, waste, and debris shall be removed from the project area in a timely manner. Burning or burying of waste materials on the right-of-way or at the construction site will not be allowed. All materials resulting from the contractor's clearing operations shall be removed from the right-of-way. A-4 Structures will be located and designed to conform with the terrain and with minimal visual impacts whenever possible. Leveling and benching of the structure sites will be done to the minimum necessary to allow structure assembly and erection. Air Quality AQ-1 The contractor shall utilize practicable methods and devices as are reasonably available to control, prevent, and otherwise minimize atmospheric emissions or discharges of air contaminants. AQ-2 Possible construction-related dust disturbance shall be controlled by the periodic application of water to all disturbed areas along the right-of-way and access roads. C-1 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application TOPIC No. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES AQ-3 Vehicles and equipment showing excessive emission of exhaust gases due to poor engine adjustments or other inefficient operating conditions shall not be operated until corrective adjustments or repairs are made. AQ-4 Post seeding mulch will be utilized during reclamation activities to help reduce wind erosion and blowing dust. The mulch/stabilization will be performed as soon as possible after completion of project activities to minimize potential fugitive dust generation as revegetation occurs. Biological Resources BR-1 Vegetation shall be preserved and protected from damage by construction operations to the maximum extent practicable. Removal of brush and trees will be limited to those necessary for access and construction. There will be no clear cutting within the right-of- way unless specifically approved in writing by Tri-State. BR-2 Disturbed areas where vegetation has been removed by construction activities to the extent that the potential for soil erosion is increased to a detrimental level will be subject to seedbed preparation techniques, reseeded with an approved seed mixture, and mulched (if necessary) during a recognized planting season. Mulching shall be applied only to those areas where potential erosion would prohibit vegetation establishment and growth. BR-3 The contractor shall not cross any wetland and riparian areas (of or relating to, or located on, the banks of a river or stream), except at designated locations designated by Tri-State BR-4 On completion of the work, all work areas, except any permanent access roads/trails, shall be regraded, as required, so that all surfaces drain naturally, blend with the natural terrain, and are left in a condition that will facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion. BR-5 All disturbed areas, except the access route running surfaces, will be reseeded with seed mixes as specified by Tri-State. BR-6 All construction materials and debris shall be removed from the project area. BR-7 To preclude avian electrocutions and minimize collision risk, Tri-State will incorporate Avian Protection Plan (APP) standards developed by the Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC 2006) and the APP guidelines (APLIC and USFWS 2005) to protect birds on power lines, and NESC-specified electric conductor clearances. Cultural Resources CR-1 Prior to construction, all supervisory construction personnel will be instructed on protection of cultural resources with reference to relevant laws and penalties. and the need to cease work in the location if cultural resource items are discovered. CR-2 Should any previously unknown historic/prehistoric sites or artifacts be encountered during construction, all land-altering activities at that location will be immediately suspended and the discovery left intact until such time that Tri-State is notified and appropriate measures taken to assure compliance the National Historic Preservation Act and enabling legislation. Fire Prevention/Control FP-1 • Construction vehicles shall be equipped with government-approved spark arresters. FP-2 The contractor shall maintain in all construction vehicles a current list of local emergency response providers and methods of contact/communication. C-2 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application TOPIC No. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES Hazardous Materials HM-1 Tri-State shall comply with all applicable federal laws and regulations existing or hereafter enacted or promulgated regarding toxic substances or hazardous materials. In any event. Tri-State shall comply with the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, as amended ( 15 U.S.C. 2601 , et seq.) with regard to any toxic substances that are used, generated by, or stored on the right-of-way or on facilities authorized under this right-of-way grant (See 40 CFR, Part 702-799 and especially, provisions on polychlorinated biphenyls, 40 CFR 761 . 1 -761 . 193.). Additionally, any release of toxic substances (leaks. spills, etc.) in excess of the reportable quantity established by 40 CFR, Part 117 shall be reported as required by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, section 102b. A copy of any report required or requested by any federal agency or state government as a result of a reportable release or spill of any toxic substance shall be furnished to the authorized officer concurrent with the thing of the reports to the involved federal agency or state government. HM-2 No bulk fuel storage will occur within the public lands portion of the project right-of-way. All fuel and fluid spills within this area will be handled in accordance with appropriate state and federal spill reporting and response requirements. The contractor shall notify Tri-State of any spills so appropriate notifications can be made to regulatory authorities. HM-3 Any waste generated as a result of the proposed action will be properly disposed of in a permitted facility. Solid waste generated during construction and periodic maintenance periods will be minimal . All hazardous materials will be handled in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal hazardous material statues and regulations. Land Use LU-1 All activities associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of the transmission line will take place within the authorized limits of the transmission line right- of-way and access routes. Additional access routes or cross-country travel will not be allowed outside of the authorized routes prior to review and approval by Tri-State. LU-2 The contractor shall maintain all fences, brace panels, and gates during the construction period. Any fence, brace panel, or gate damaged during construction will be repaired immediately by the contractor to appropriate landowner or agency standards as determined by the authorized officer. LU-3 The contractor shall eliminate, at the earliest opportunity, all construction ruts that are detrimental to agricultural operations and/or hazardous to movement of vehicles and equipment. Such ruts shall be leveled, filled, and graded, or otherwise eliminated in an approved manner. Damage to ditches, tile drains. culverts, terraces, local roads, and other similar land use features shall be corrected as necessary by the contractor. The land and facilities shall be restored as nearly as practicable to their original condition. LU-4 Structure foundation holes will not be left open overnight and will be covered. Covers will be secured in place and will be strong enough to prevent livestock, wildlife, or the public from falling. Noise N-1 Construction vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in proper operating condition and shall be equipped with manufacturers' standard noise-control devices or better (e.g. mufflers, engine enclosures). C-3 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application TOPIC No. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES Noxious Weeds NW-1 To minimize introduction of noxious weed seed sources to the project area, the following measures will be performed. All heavy equipment utilized during construction will be washed prior to departure from the equipment storage facility. Washing of equipment prior to transport from one work site to another is not recommended. as on-site washing of equipment increases the chance of weed seed dispersal by drainage of water off of the site, across an area greater than the size of the work site. Equipment will have accumulations of mud 'knocked off' instead. This method promotes containment of weed seeds on the work site. All seed mixes and mulch used for reclamation activities will be certified weed-free. Soils and Geology S-1 The contractor shall mitigate soils compacted by movement of construction vehicles and equipment by 1 ) loosened and leveled harrowing or disking to approximate pre- construction contours and 2) reseeding with certified weed-free grasses and mulched (except in cultivated fields). The specific seed mix(s) and rate(s) of application will be determined by Tri-State. S-2 Movement of construction vehicles and equipment shall be limited to the right-of-way and approved access routes. S-3 Excavated material not used in the backfilling of poles shall be spread around each pole, evenly spread on the access routes in the immediate vicinity of the pole structure, or transported off site to a Tri-State-approved disposal location. Disturbed areas shall then be regraded to approximate pre-construction contours and reseeded as specified in S- 1 . S-4 Topsoil will be removed, stockpiled, and re-spread at temporarily disturbed areas not needed for maintenance access. Traffic T-1 The contractor shall make all necessary provisions for conformance with federal, state, and local traffic safety standards and shall conduct construction operations so as to offer the least possible obstruction and inconvenience to public traffic. Water Quality and Erosion WQ-1 Construction activities shall be performed by methods that prevent entrance or accidental spillage of solid matter, contaminants debris. and other objectionable pollutants and wastes into flowing streams or dry water courses, lakes. and underground water sources. Such pollutants and wastes include, but are not restricted to. refuse, garbage, cement, concrete, sanitary waste, industrial waste, radioactive substances, oil and other petroleum products, aggregate processing tailings, mineral salts, and thermal pollution. WO-2 Dewatering work for structure foundations or earthwork operations adjacent to. or encroaching on, streams or water courses shall not be performed without prior approval by Tri-State and appropriate state agencies. Water and eroded materials will be prevented from entering the streams or watercourses by constructing intercepting ditches, bypass channels, barriers, settling ponds, or other approved methods. WQ-3 Borrow pits shall be so excavated that water will not collect and stand therein. Before being abandoned, the sides of borrow pits shall be brought to stable slopes. with slope intersections shaped to carry the natural contour of adjacent, undisturbed terrain into the pit or borrow area, giving a natural appearance. Waste piles shall be shaped to provide a natural appearance. WQ-4 Excavated material or other construction materials shall not be stockpiled or deposited near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or other water course perimeters where they can be washed away by high water or storm runoff or can in any way encroach upon the water source itself. C-4 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application TOPIC No. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES WQ-5 Waste waters from construction operations shall not enter streams, water courses, or other surface waters without use of such turbidity control methods as settling ponds, gravel-filter entrapment dikes, approved flocculating processes that are not harmful to fish, recirculation systems for washing of aggregates, or other approved methods. Any such waste waters discharged into surface waters shall be essentially free of settleable material . Settleable material is defined as that material that will settle from the water by gravity during a 1 -hour quiescent period. WQ-6 A Storm Water Management Plan shall be developed, if required, to address all construction and reconstruction activities. The plan shall conform with all U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Best Management Practices requirements. C-5 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. C-6 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Appendix D : NRCS Soils Report USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource Department of Cooperative Soil Survey, Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for \ RCS States Department of Agricultuz:j °:tte d VVe I d Co u n ty , Federal Natural agencies including the Colorado , Resources Agricultural Experiment Conservation Stations, and local Service participants Southern Part Greenhouse Substation ITN• '` __ 1 _ . 4. '' i`. .n' 1- ' � - c '�; • y l - - r ♦ 1 .. �. . Jt _ 1. ui .`l ' - •r. .,♦� • ill.♦ • t,.' .v , v ,--. . 0 . t i• _.._ .. .�.._.. t- - i ! ' j' .. +'- . • • '• ----. • - • kitaillWrallialiMar •, f: 1 M t • i) r •t. ' ti S •1f T' alt.._ t -1].. r CTI 4 . fi'llkilikr ., 4 . • lit I' . • 1 1' itit I It PI .. "� 1 cJJjTa: 111111,, ; • r i ..%...: • .O( all {, - so ps •.epT•!, s. ,i ... .. ►' It . w. ► w tairip 1 riL ' - '_ -- t___�`- _ _I ...• _- 0 �� - U 000 ft :.r August 8, 2014 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation , waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local , and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www. nrcs.usda .gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http:// offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www. nres.usda .gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951 ). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U .S . Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation , genetic information , political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs. ) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc. ) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination , write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202 ) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 12 Soil Information for All Uses 13 Soil Reports 13 Building Site Development 13 Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 13 Land Classifications 15 Prime and other Important Farmlands 15 Soil Physical Properties 17 Physical Soil Properties 17 References .21 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area . Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied . They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil . Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area , they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Mapta 4' t° ° 519310 519380 519450 519520 519590 519660 519730 40° 5'STN ".. • .f, et," . 40° 55TN •••t 1 4 if • r 4 1111 it �.�.. ___,....0,IF �.r ,- ..r/'may-• • - . - "I. • V. -0 - ea . '1 MP F... . _ - . ! lit :IT 1A, _ / :I�fal .. • r ;� a� • 't• • gp1 • A. . 1' u . 1 h S • • ,or ` ..� ,: . ter` 1 i �. J + _ • ZI • -1 •r rL . . _ _ .. c : � A I . so 4 ' .sik n _ • t. 1 $ ._ ,,_ L. , , .. t . _ R - t lig. d _ _ • ' ;:e.- ' • ` - r Yom_.• -•Yip---...�rr•�69 -ri«i'1ip•.. -----" - • , r ___ . _ gill. , '•• '• ff-e. 1 . . • o_ I t : 4 1 f , r - c-- xr✓�_ ' t 3 ' t:H , ,t S-etk 1 .V • 9,, vir. GM i • - t ' r �'1. .«r • sx.• sit se. c iJ/ .- - PP, • Illb 4 f Y .` - IN. . -tiQ'a -. - - - .v PI 4.1 . 446.6 0 -- - . ,- �� _T - 4646 4 i 40° 5 38'N -- - 40° 538'N 519310 519380 519450 519520 519590 519660 519730 3 3 c to CV Map Scale: 1:2,750 if printed on A portrait(8.5" x 11") sheet. W Meters 8 Ag N 0 40 80 160 240 Feet 0 100 200 400 600 Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WC-CPA 8 o a) a) o o M cn o c a) o c o C �0 ® J ° U N U as Ili — O•ff. Q a) O .c r- (p ° C V Q) tO L a) cn I v) 7 O ifs C M a Z co U D a. a) �- O O .c -a mc U °U 0 tp a) 'D N o a) c cp o c ` E a) Uct, 4 N E U) 0 a) t o c . -. U N = m O t O - t a) N - — U Q) a c -Ppa) c a N o co E cap U N U to N U 7 as N 0 -0 O O E ai a co a� a� to c co -c a) ca to Cl) o E a a) m u-) co cp a) 2 �? c cn o U v Q t - - °� vvi E — c a) a) C7 o c 0 ° o ° a) cn (n ° N Z n a) Z p o 5 E u) Q 3 s O °) p o ° (2- " o a .= Q c`a N 3 a L 5 o ENa) n� Q l6 To a L co E in W CZ C a L O C a C N U 0 o > a) o c at°iJo u Iii `° o c`o w 3 o a v LL m `" o c o a) m 2 c co a ° E ?' as v Z cn VS •cp w. s o ° a g .o a) a) o ° o c c N E s) L.a 0 0 o N a) ° N U .o w o U .o ca .n a) T Q. E c c ai � oaci To m � a� v) ° .a? ao oQ � � D °) ° a E — ao o ° a) a) a _c < O E Q Q CO a) Q o c .N a u)no a) w ate) c .` 5 to a m co c'a a) zii E ca cUp c in CO m :'= a c o 0 T 2 '5 . a) t vi a) N U �- 'O a) N a) cp a E O >` O a) o c c > > t as cp o .N co Q D o o co ac Cti i r• c°� T ° �_ cn a) E co c a>i 3 a) as c ch E 0 o o ` a) ° .o c o o a) a .o 0 .F Q a CO -p a ; a) .� o a.N c ith a) E 7 g (o 5 D o c ` co a Cr) (j E 0 o .°) a� a a) E CU = (.) Ch CU '5 .no a .a? a) o 0 > — Z - co mN oE ' E t c co Q) O >a) ° cp O n .c N o 7 'o Coo .c o .— H 5 W E a v) a. E w > U 2 a 'D Q U F- 5 (n co co O O N H- U ._ O t 0 Q. a) Et a) U L D 0 (/) a) 0)te 0 U) a) v) N C c6 a a N Q U L f4 >, C = 0 13 '0 O U N o 0 J vv) - °) 0 0 O Q W ' a �a E - o cc x °- >` U) a) U as co u) 2 O co N C O in a) n a) U, O N U) C13-. O c cn cn a) > Oct 2 65 o tr- D 2 o a) o 0) to c Z QD o d O I- m W —J V) CL Q O 'o - ¢) a 0) o C C o o � a C -7) a a v, E >. a) o — v) a) ca D v ca a p c 3 3 3 3 -- aa) a 0 3 a°) - o Wa. a a o o — co 03 C0a 1° 4 a 4 =_ ti o o m c O to o o cp Q Ca Y ° I_ T 0 > > a co N 0 0 0 c a) Y a) 3 a) c U) CD C •o m m U U 0 0 J J 22 2 ' a cc u) UJ CD U) (O co a) a. c Ts o y z a9 El X o X -Ode 00 > -f- .•. 4 Oat% O a)d •o +v) Q co Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (C0618) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent 33.3 100.0% slopes Totals for Area of Interest 33.3 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena . Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used . Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed , and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. 10 Custom Soil Resource Report An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion , and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them . Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Weld County, Colorado , Southern Part 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363m Elevation: 4,650 to 5, 100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Map Unit Composition Valent and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Valent Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Eolian deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 8 inches: fine sand H2 - 8 to 60 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO) Minor Components Osgood Percent of map unit: 10 percent 12 Soil Information for All Uses Soil Reports The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports (tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of each unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil Properties and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections. The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and qualities. A description of each report (table) is included . Building Site Development This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil interpretations related to building site development. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit, limiting features and interpretive ratings. Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel , shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Soil properties influence the development of building sites, including the selection of the site, the design of the structure, construction, performance after construction, and maintenance. This table shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect dwellings and small commercial buildings. The ratings in the table are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect building site development. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design , or installation . Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected . Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome 13 Custom Soil Resource Report without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1 .00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use ( 1 .00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories or less. For dwellings without basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility. Compressibility is inferred from the Unified classification . The properties that affect the ease and amount of excavation include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. Small commercial buildings are structures that are less than three stories high and do not have basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is inferred from the Unified classification ). The properties that affect the ease and amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction . The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the mapped areas of a specific soil. The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the design and construction of engineering works. Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table. Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. Report—Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings [Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns range 14 Custom Soil Resource Report from 0.01 to 1 .00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation. The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil . The soil may have additional limitations] Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Map symbol and soil Pct. of Dwellings without basements Dwellings with basements Small commercial buildings name map unit Rating class and Value Rating class and Value Rating class and Value limiting features limiting features limiting features 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Valent 90 Not limited Not limited Not limited Land Classifications This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present a variety of soil groupings. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Land classifications are specified land use and management groupings that are assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly influence the specific use of the soil . Example classifications include ecological site classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability classification, and hydric rating. Prime and other Important Farmlands This table lists the map units in the survey area that are considered important farmlands. Important farmlands consist of prime farmland , unique farmland, and farmland of statewide or local importance. This list does not constitute a recommendation for a particular land use. In an effort to identify the extent and location of important farmlands, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with other interested Federal, State, and local government organizations, has inventoried land that can be used for the production of the Nation's food supply. Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting the Nation's short- and long-range needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of government, as well as individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation's prime farmland . Prime farmland, as defined by the U .S. Department of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food , feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply are those needed for the soil to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when proper management, including water management, and acceptable farming methods are applied . In general, prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation , a favorable temperature and growing season , acceptable 15 Custom Soil Resource Report acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Prime farmland is permeable to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during the growing season or is protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. For some of the soils identified in the table as prime farmland , measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed . Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by corrective measures. A recent trend in land use in some areas has been the loss of some prime farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated. Unique farmland is land other than prime farmland that is used for the production of specific high-value food and fiber crops, such as citrus, tree nuts, olives, cranberries, and other fruits and vegetables. It has the special combination of soil quality, growing season, moisture supply, temperature, humidity, air drainage, elevation, and aspect needed for the soil to economically produce sustainable high yields of these crops when properly managed. The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Nearness to markets is an additional consideration. Unique farmland is not based on national criteria. It commonly is in areas where there is a special microclimate, such as the wine country in California. In some areas, land that does not meet the criteria for prime or unique farmland is considered to be farmland of statewide importance for the production of food , feed, fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. The criteria for defining and delineating farmland of statewide importance are determined by the appropriate State agencies. Generally, this land includes areas of soils that nearly meet the requirements for prime farmland and that economically produce high yields of crops when treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods. Some areas may produce as high a yield as prime farmland if conditions are favorable. Farmland of statewide importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law. In some areas that are not identified as having national or statewide importance, land is considered to be farmland of local importance for the production of food, feed, fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. This farmland is identified by the appropriate local agencies. Farmland of local importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by local ordinance. Report—Prime and other Important Farmlands Prime and other Important Farmlands-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Map Symbol Map Unit Name Farmland Classification 69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes i Farmland of local importance 16 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Physical Properties This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include percent clay, organic matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, and bulk density. Physical Soil Properties This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller. Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification. The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink- swell potential , saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations. Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at 1 /3- or 1 /10- bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension . Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear extensibility, shrink-swell potential , available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for water and roots. 17 Custom Soil Resource Report Depending on soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1 .4 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a saturated soil transmit water. The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of micrometers per second. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption fields. Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect retention of water. The most important properties are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time. Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume change between the water content of the clod at 1 /3- or 1 /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as percent change for the whole soil. The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil influence volume change. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. The shrink- swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design commonly is needed . Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition . In this table, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning crop residue to the soil. Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops and soil organisms. Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and Ksat. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water. Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil . The estimates are modified by the presence of rock fragments. Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in size. 18 Custom Soil Resource Report Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind and/or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year. Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible. The groups are described in the "National Soil Survey Handbook." Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion , or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion. There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion . Reference: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . (http://soils.usda.gov) 19 ▪ x c c o •- to N 1 a 3 L ? O L a) ` I O +' LO U cC w 4_ C N O O o N O U L fc U O to c) cC C r C 0 E d t o 0 fa a c ` _ a) cf L Q) • U C7)c C O J a) O U) X N O a) O N O -a O O Q cc CC a) O w a o ,a L " co to O U cow 5 O i 6 cv RI LZ • O c Q U O Q O co o O o ca) 0) U N a .-. 'O d 'U a O I cc O ) % ).. "VIfn t o E O r 0 U r Ns- U a LO 'o — CD.cO0. C 2 -0 a)) vin U -o r r a cn .c a. a U co co U d' d N N cri - U r I I c U ft cn us IL o) 03 CS? Q O O 03 O E ▪ fc E Owoad to• O To -6fn E f2 fn > a , Q- N c w ,„l I RI D 2 cD References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM ). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L. M ., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U .S . Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31 . Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W. , and L. M . Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www. nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs. usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U .S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs. usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W. , Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U .S . Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1 . United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual . http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www. nrcs. usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 21 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http://www. nrcs.usda .gov/wps/portal/ nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006 . Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www. nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961 . Land capability classification. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www. nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290 .pdf 22 USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource Department of Cooperative Soil Survey, Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for N RCS States Department of Agriculture and other VVe I d Co u n ty , Natural agencies including the Colorado , Resources Agricultural Experiment Conservation Stations, and local Service participants Southern Part SWEP Phase I. .7._____/.551. i rillt ; i . • . ,cc . , . . . 1 1 _• a -,, i 4 . ---.__, ,i .1,4 4 • Olt 1 ' i : • _ - ._an:kilt: •lii 1 11.,t. .„ ....i .. _..i fir 7. ik. r n .l .V . ' it In -ean4. 2 . _ ...,_ _ 7.Si la— .. r y :! hoi . Aa. r . Ji . •, r 76 J. Al .. * "f'' 1 . - Pero" 3 4441 �� wIPIESI f '_ I 1 _ —r,r • ... 10 �� 8.0 August 8, 2014 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation , waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local , and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www. nrcs.usda .gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http:// offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www. nres.usda .gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951 ). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U .S . Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation , genetic information , political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs. ) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc. ) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination , write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202 ) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12 13—Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes 12 44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes 13 45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 14 57—Renohill clay loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes 15 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 16 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes 17 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 18 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 19 Soil Information for All Uses 21 Soil Reports 21 Building Site Development 21 Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings (SWEP Phase I ) 21 Land Classifications 24 Prime and other Important Farmlands (SWEP Phase I ) 24 Soil Chemical Properties 25 Chemical Soil Properties (SWEP Phase I ) 26 Soil Physical Properties 29 Engineering Properties (SWEP Phase I ) 29 References 35 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area . Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied . They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil . Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area , they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 Custom Soil Resource Report fn Soil Map t° ° g 515000 517000 519000 521000 523000 525000 527000 40° 9'2r N S 7.- q 40° 9'28"N . i- i -' , V.' .( . .. . ililio i'' • I �, 3 ' r 1 , .9 i t rt. ra : .7.. ..,..... ra: ini.,...:?. •, .1 . . i. 1 i • •1 •. R 3 C3/4------ ,:: . i .,. .s. ., .-. . I k r - . 4 - • o O • ...ri I a_ 11 I a Pa i I r: It- . 1 • .idi . ' ,i ,i �r e 4 + II h .A ..7.• .. _ _ /.. . . _ 1 5-rn -..� ri H _ III I'` , ,. -ik . § ; 4 = $• 76 4iil':.hk :: / .i; • • . ... 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C CO = N 'NO 'O O cm U co o o m so J U)) a N C Co >`C U) U U co c , 2 O To N O ° a) LD a) N Q) as N U i U c cn cn > 5 o ow c7) `°_ S D 2 o a) o 0) to c Z QD o d 0 " ® O is CO m W —J Q ° 43 °a O 0) o U) C o c o � a T C �, a a �, E 2 a) N — y a) co D m a V o 3 3 3 3 -- aa) a vii ° a o o w )a o o — co Co co a)1Ti) 4 a -a a. = ti O o m c 0 cnaa o o w Q @ Y ° O` T v0) > > a co N a) V N is c -2 a) Y a) U 3 O c U) co U) •o CO m U U (9 0 J J '2 2 2 a_ cc U) U) U) en- Co- co O a c m z a9 (Mx o )X •: 0 -I 4c 00 > -f- .•. 4 ® 00► � y O � .o • Cl) Q co Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (CO618) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 13 Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 6.5 3.1% to 20 percent slopes 44 Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent 18.2 8.7% slopes 45 Olney loamy sand. 3 to 5 percent 2.0 1 .0% slopes 57 Renohill clay loam. 3 to 9 percent 5.1 2.4% slopes 69 Valent sand. 0 to 3 percent 54.2 25.9% slopes 70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent 64.8 31 .0% slopes 72 Vona loamy sand. 0 to 3 percent 35.8 17.1% slopes 73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent 22.4 10.7% slopes Totals for Area of Interest 209.0 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena , and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena . Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used . Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified 10 Custom Soil Resource Report by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition , thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion , and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Weld County, Colorado , Southern Part 13—Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 361n Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 13 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Cascajo and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Cascajo Setting Landform: Terraces, ridges Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Calcareous gravelly alluvium Typical profile H1 - 0 to 9 inches: gravelly sandy loam H2 - 9 to 31 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam H3 - 31 to 60 inches: very gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 5 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6 .00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 25 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4. 1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Gravel breaks (R067BY063CO) Minor Components Renohill Percent of map unit: 8 percent Samsil Percent of map unit: 7 percent 12 Custom Soil Resource Report 44—Olney loamy sand , 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 362r Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Typical profile H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loamy sand H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6. 5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO) 13 Custom Soil Resource Report Minor Components Vona Percent of map unit: 8 percent Zigweid Percent of map unit: 7 percent 45—Olney loamy sand , 3 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 362s Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Typical profile H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loamy sand H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) 14 Custom Soil Resource Report Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Zigweid Percent of map unit: 8 percent Vona Percent of map unit: 7 percent 57—Renohill clay loam , 3 to 9 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 3636 Elevation: 4,850 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 16 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 100 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Renohill and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 13 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Renohill Setting Landform: Hills, ridges Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Residuum weathered from shale Typical profile Hi - 0 to 9 inches: clay loam H2 - 9 to 32 inches: clay loam H3 - 32 to 36 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 9 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None 15 Custom Soil Resource Report Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: Clayey plains (R067BY042CO) Minor Components Shingle Percent of map unit: 8 percent Ulm Percent of map unit: 5 percent 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363m Elevation: 4,650 to 5, 100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Map Unit Composition Valent and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Valent Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Eolian deposits Typical profile Hi - 0 to 8 inches: fine sand H2 - 8 to 60 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr) 16 Custom Soil Resource Report Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO) Minor Components Osgood Percent of map unit: 10 percent 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363p Elevation: 4,650 to 5, 100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Valent and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Valent Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Eolian deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 8 inches: fine sand H2 - 8 to 60 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 9 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches 17 Custom Soil Resource Report Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO) Minor Components Osgood Percent of map unit: 5 percent 72—Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363r Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Plains, terraces Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Typical profile Hi - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6 .00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None 18 Custom Soil Resource Report Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit: 10 percent Valent Percent of map unit: 5 percent 73—Vona loamy sand , 3 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363s Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Plains, terraces Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low 19 Custom Soil Resource Report Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6 .00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit: 8 percent Valent Percent of map unit: 7 percent 20 Soil Information for All Uses Soil Reports The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports (tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of each unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil Properties and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections. The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and qualities. A description of each report (table) is included . Building Site Development This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil interpretations related to building site development. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit, limiting features and interpretive ratings. Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel , shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings (SWEP Phase I ) Soil properties influence the development of building sites, including the selection of the site, the design of the structure, construction, performance after construction, and maintenance. This table shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect dwellings and small commercial buildings. The ratings in the table are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect building site development. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design , or installation . Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected . Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are 21 Custom Soil Resource Report unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected. Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1 .00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use ( 1 .00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories or less. For dwellings without basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility. Compressibility is inferred from the Unified classification. The properties that affect the ease and amount of excavation include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope , depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. Small commercial buildings are structures that are less than three stories high and do not have basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is inferred from the Unified classification ). The properties that affect the ease and amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the mapped areas of a specific soil . The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the design and construction of engineering works. Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table. Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. 22 Custom Soil Resource Report Report—Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings (SWEP Phase I ) [Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1 .00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation . The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have additional limitations] Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Map symbol and soil Pct. of Dwellings without basements Dwellings with basements Small commercial buildings name map - unit Rating class and Value Rating class and Value Rating class and Value limiting features limiting features limiting features 13—Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes Cascajo 85 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Very limited Slope 0.84 Slope 0.84 Slope 1.00 44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes Olney 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited 45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Olney 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited 57—Renohill clay loam. 3 to 9 percent slopes Renohill 85 Very limited Very limited Very limited Shrink-swell 1 .00 Shrink-swell 1 .00 Shrink-swell 1.00 Depth to soft bedrock 0.29 Slope 0.50 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Valent 90 Not limited Not limited Not limited 70-Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Valent 95 Not limited Not limited Somewhat limited Slope 0.50 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Vona 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited 73-Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Vona 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited 23 Custom Soil Resource Report Land Classifications This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present a variety of soil groupings. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Land classifications are specified land use and management groupings that are assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly influence the specific use of the soil. Example classifications include ecological site classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability classification, and hydric rating. Prime and other Important Farmlands (SWEP Phase I ) This table lists the map units in the survey area that are considered important farmlands. Important farmlands consist of prime farmland , unique farmland, and farmland of statewide or local importance. This list does not constitute a recommendation for a particular land use. In an effort to identify the extent and location of important farmlands, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with other interested Federal, State, and local government organizations, has inventoried land that can be used for the production of the Nation's food supply. Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting the Nation's shod- and long-range needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of government, as well as individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation's prime farmland. Prime farmland, as defined by the U .S. Department of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food , feed , forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, pastureland , forestland, or other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply are those needed for the soil to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when proper management, including water management, and acceptable farming methods are applied . In general, prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation , a favorable temperature and growing season , acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Prime farmland is permeable to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during the growing season or is protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. For some of the soils identified in the table as prime farmland , measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by corrective measures. A recent trend in land use in some areas has been the loss of some prime farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure 24 Custom Soil Resource Report on marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated. Unique farmland is land other than prime farmland that is used for the production of specific high-value food and fiber crops, such as citrus, tree nuts, olives, cranberries, and other fruits and vegetables. It has the special combination of soil quality, growing season, moisture supply, temperature, humidity, air drainage, elevation, and aspect needed for the soil to economically produce sustainable high yields of these crops when properly managed . The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Nearness to markets is an additional consideration. Unique farmland is not based on national criteria. It commonly is in areas where there is a special microclimate, such as the wine country in California. In some areas, land that does not meet the criteria for prime or unique farmland is considered to be farmland of statewide importance for the production of food , feed, fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. The criteria for defining and delineating farmland of statewide importance are determined by the appropriate State agencies. Generally, this land includes areas of soils that nearly meet the requirements for prime farmland and that economically produce high yields of crops when treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods. Some areas may produce as high a yield as prime farmland if conditions are favorable. Farmland of statewide importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law. In some areas that are not identified as having national or statewide importance, land is considered to be farmland of local importance for the production of food, feed, fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. This farmland is identified by the appropriate local agencies. Farmland of local importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by local ordinance. Report—Prime and other Important Farmlands (SWEP Phase I ) Prime and other Important Farmlands-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Map Symbol Map Unit Name Farmland Classification 13 Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes I Not prime farmland 44 Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes I Farmland of statewide importance 45 Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance 57 Renohill clay loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland 69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance 70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland 72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance 73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Not prime farmland Soil Chemical Properties This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil chemical properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil chemical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field 25 Custom Soil Resource Report or laboratory. Examples of soil chemical properties include pH , cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, gypsum , and electrical conductivity. Chemical Soil Properties (SWEP Phase I ) This table shows estimates of some chemical characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of extractable cations that can be held by the soil , expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity hold fewer cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cation-exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution. Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the sum of extractable cations plus aluminum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil . It is determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. It is important in selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of corrosion . Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in the soil . Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble in water. Soils that have a high content of gypsum may collapse if the gypsum is removed by percolating water. Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at representative sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil for crop production , the stability of soil if used as construction material, and the potential of the soil to corrode metal and concrete. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more may be characterized by an increased dispersion of organic matter and clay particles, reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity and aeration, and a general degradation of soil structure. 26 O r fD • O • 'et L O U, Ct 0 O O O O 0 0 O O O O O 0 I O 0 `V c a t o O O 0 O (V N N (V O O O N O O 0 O 0 a O o o o I o a O O O I O O E t a O O O a O 0 O O O O 0 O 0 0 I O 0 t a '' E = c w 73 t v u N 0 0 0 III 0 0 uD 0 r r r r r r r fit') M 0 r a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 to o 0 I 0 0 t 6 - o 0 c a L o a) c) CC "6 03O a) U y Q 2 T _ I 1 CO CO O CO CD et 0 CO CO CO CO n C .o °4 °Q °Q Ill 1; aQ a) is Ill S O) ►t ►: Ni Ni o = 1 t O) co co a) 0) cc co 0) 0) co co CO CO cn 0 i. IC IC (d c6 N N co cc cc cc I co cc ti 4) U N . m o m >, Co I I [j r- E aO C) Wm U ` I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a. 'o Ct c c o U_ O co a .r E a a a x `° m 0 co a co o 0 to c 0 U a' U 0 0 0 o d d 0 O d d CO o o c U to r e- N ea '- M N e- e- M N N I N ea t w ^a W a e• 9 O 0 N 0 O N N COQ N CO 0 CO I O O th r O 0 to O M 0 O) ti; Or NN Or NN 0 0) M 0 CO C) S C E a r) cr) a) a C 0 0 0 .O C 1- co 0-) O M cn 'v � c T Q CS Co O ca O O d) V) - 0 TD � >, co > N .O a C a V a co E O V p O p 0 = O co > co i )u N t r N w a 0 C � C c Ca) 8 = N M U co o 0 O N C O P. c cr C > Q0. M O V Q O itc O I a N O i; = c O O a co O 13 Co o O 0 0 0 0 0 0 E C o cn o O O 0 0 0 EE N I N O O O O O O co O 0 0 0 O O O E c V) O a Q. T 0 O O O O O O O O V - t d O C U C) U O Q L ca -2 J U C..) O to O t[) O r r r r ca O 0 o O N O d N t 6 O O C a LT O a) o 'y CC 0 O = a) U d Q L :-- co co co v o co v o n c o ri I t aQ of ti c? vi o c cn co co cC CO O) c0 0 O) cn o c0 co cfl co � co cc N: a) c0 co CC 13 I N . 15 to cv 0) j O m v a ,c-w0aD ' E CD D O I I I I I I I a - .o cn a ..? o a O R u + ' L a y v a- iv 0) O O O o O O O O L U y V E 4 to to r r to r r O O O O D O C CS O 04 '- N t[) U) N IL) U) L 4-. a C) a O O Co O cO N g CQ ?Si g O O 0 CO N O CO N C) E C co U co t[) C I- N O O o O co S C C V cy co C co co u) sic >% >, co Q E Q. co a y c6 O cu O E T 'a' O N � m C C C C J le > 2 C > 2 C y Jal l a > a Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Physical Properties This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit. Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include percent clay, organic matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, and bulk density. Engineering Properties (SWEP Phase I ) This table gives the engineering classifications and the range of engineering properties for the layers of each soil in the survey area. Hydrologic soil group is a group of soils having similar runoff potential under similar storm and cover conditions. The criteria for determining Hydrologic soil group is found in the National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http:// directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17757.wba). Listing HSGs by soil map unit component and not by soil series is a new concept for the engineers. Past engineering references contained lists of HSGs by soil series. Soil series are continually being defined and redefined, and the list of soil series names changes so frequently as to make the task of maintaining a single national list virtually impossible. Therefore, the criteria is now used to calculate the HSG using the component soil properties and no such national series lists will be maintained . All such references are obsolete and their use should be discontinued . Soil properties that influence runoff potential are those that influence the minimum rate of infiltration for a bare soil after prolonged wetting and when not frozen. These properties are depth to a seasonal high water table, saturated hydraulic conductivity after prolonged wetting, and depth to a layer with a very slow water transmission rate. Changes in soil properties caused by land management or climate changes also cause the hydrologic soil group to change. The influence of ground cover is treated independently. There are four hydrologic soil groups, A, B, C, and D, and three dual groups, A/D, B/D, and C/D. In the dual groups, the first letter is for drained areas and the second letter is for undrained areas. The four hydrologic soil groups are described in the following paragraphs: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission . Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission . Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the 29 Custom Soil Resource Report surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U .S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are defined according to percentages of sand , silt, and clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate modifier is added, for example, "gravelly." Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification system (ASTM , 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004). The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as construction material. Soils are classified according to particle-size distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit, and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP, GM , GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH , CH , and OH ; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML. The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway construction and maintenance. In this system , the fraction of a mineral soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained . Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection. If laboratory data are available, the A-1 , A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified as A-1 -a, A-1 -b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group index number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest. Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The percentages are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to weight percentage. Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field . Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil . The estimates are based on test data from the survey area or from nearby areas and on field examination. References: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. 30 Custom Soil Resource Report American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM ). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. 31 x o CU N C a co to o to ca .- T- a a a r a E. >, th z z z th lb z . --- 4- O �. a .c a M o to el N X _ ' ) 0 7-5 O d J N I I r• N N N Cn .C � w.O4,-.. a .C C I m o 0 o to to o L..CD -C O .0 N M a O M In to In L C c a 0 0 Or Ov a a 0 oU c ill a) •'!' cp > 0 0 0 o to 8 0 to a) N a) 6 b o d d d X C co ch to w CO co -al ED O C C . O to o to 0 0 0 0 0 0 co E Y c' t 0. t. to 9 o- a) to th to 0 o th th C OO O c to N N a) a) a) a) • O _ > c c) c a iv o o o o 0 0 o 6 in 2 N -0 t d co M c01 a a)) a) Co Co a) m a in S. o 6 d c5 o o 0 0 O o Li cn cA o) H 0 a Y L ≥ 2 c 1- CC cn O) V o '- 6 o o o 0 O O •C — N O U � 'D o Oi- (- 1 CD I = co U i c = O N 'p) Q c o 0) < Q Q Co -C 3 ' ' Q r r r- N ci. N CD U u •Q Q Q Q Q Q Q M CC •~ O = •Q - - : O .c o a a 6wcco a0 d �? u coq) j0c9n E a) �, 9z_ O U Oa Odd 02 0 _0 () u ccoo2 .• c a U c c v a C) co >. Z2 E ' > E > v _ a N E co a) ° n> > Tc`a coc`o >, ca) � c � a5 a x mEoo �, o > of to c 0 ' E oNE co d Si c ° °>,) o ,, co 1) 4)) m c >. co E E m >, (Dv' co (V < _ > > > rn co m o co coo -a I.= o t_ o >, w >. n) I - - w >, o o >, a >, >, RS'D 4O cu c m cocmccc 003 VD E vc c ufl C Xonut vi cA cOcUu co . . U ( w > � cn co 1 it - — en0 0 a o o to 0 rih a) _CO 0 N N CO I O O C3) M a O N N rn S ° a C N � � o o = „co _ 3 C N � — o �' Q m Et _c 'L a) _ ____,_ ••-• a) C • ?� ,S Ln p a CO CO ct O O) N ; tO c 0 oW ,- a a) co (3 C O C .C V -6 N 010 o Q +▪ �+ Z 0 o °' c° to o �' 13 E '' yC � `CT a N CmE O 6 O CD U = o Ncv O Q C O Sc') ' y CO E1 O o a) o c t_ v 2 � cn �i' U 4r 5 x U y Nv o to c to M O to N M n j z to z a r I z z z z 7 6 _E a N c� c N cy co r N N 0 0 M I I I I I a 1. O I a to to O O to to to a) o M tf) to IC) a0 O) M O M _O E a n co M a NN. I 0 a 0 O C a) 0 0 d �O ^ N 10 0 0 0 0 M 0 Nr u) O O O O 6 O I t o u5 6 a) to co Co CO 0) O C .N in ro O O O O_ _O 0 O a) O I O O O O to O La C) o) O) a) C) r r I r a) r 0) cv r.. C a O O O O O O O r r r r O O O O O O t a N N LI)0)) o) a a I a coir- O O ca , . 0 ch E , c%) U « C C - 0 0 0 0 0 O O I O O O O o • cri co t o `L° c m a r U CL CD 2 C CC o •- co O co O O O I co O a a O CD U p L - F- 01 Ft o c co U) Q a Q 0o i s Q N N N co cp c� CO CC U a Q Q Q a a a l N N M Q Q Q ¢ ch .a ;r U) > ca a) 0 J 0 J (9 — (0 —) a d. in U = � s O — U UJU cot O cog co 22 E �_ D gco � 2cn � 2cn a0 J = g a0 2 a0 o t v) O 0 v) U U I cn co co u) V) a) I J a o 2 >• a m Ca) C) co C E O >. X of UY E o `� E c� -o c Q C cv o as cot vim. = E E a) ' -a v p >. o o >. c >, >, to ca O c c-0 coW = E C f0 C (p O O N >. >. 3 O C a) C CO N U lA C — CO CO CU C C co C N J Co CO it O O D it. cn it cn _c Q a N N C0O N co a a a) p 6 6 to 9 c7 N O r N N O C) M O aD O 00 o a 2 o = T '0) O 2 °' to O Q Q in co 0 to o Q. co co co co ca c U E a -a .6 " CO co co c ca CD o 0 (13 e3 O O O 0 M ) N .0 c E C c c a) C O E v fl O. >. C O 2 = o ton o o o cn N t N (n r fn = — O a) o. c c- .... N E c c a) To cv Q. N O O C fr o C �II . y >II a- cp 2 I `e' O NM CO dia > da v to co N- U o) d r N t(') r to C — a s a a a. a n. >, z z z z z z 5 (TS o to p to 0- _E a M N M N J I 0 0 I N a C 0 to 0 0 I) 0 a) O C? WT I Co g I E N r co' r r M r C a) > d n ti C) 00 N. C) o 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 C) (0 to (0 c 0 in 0 0 o0 0 o0 a r o r o r a) o 6 0) o 0) 6 a) r c w C a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 t a r r r r r r +a , , 0 cn Ea) of n , M U 0- « C C 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 o (I) a) o E oil' a a --e, a) `2° c CC o •- 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD V O L >. F- 1. I I I o c o U) Q a a a Q N ci. ci N N Cii CD U it a Q Q Q Q Q Q Q M ,O ;c 0 0 cot cot cot cn2 a) C 2 du) U ' m do) U (1) o E co w cn Co CO to (n a) . J a o 2 >, a) >. 0 a m = E mw E m +4 a) c X I of o >. Cof o >, E E Lai Q 2 V ° m o Ceg.0 c�a o t/) C >, o - CO C >. 0 - c co I CO � cc E yc � cc u) o &) was � � � o c2 = 22 J it (/) J LL Cl) • -c a a ) (0D co (00 0 (9 N co (9 (II co 0 CO N 0 (0 N o a 2 o = TEn 'En = Cn m in o a 2 2 as C U E a a O) v a`)) c c a c a co coo co 0 I) u) ji 0 .O E E E c c E R co m ma) co c o f o f = o cm a cm a C 0 o en o 0 o > o co c ca > o e a 10 o et M J References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM ). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L. M ., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U .S . Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31 . Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W. , and L. M . Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www. nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs. usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U .S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs. usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W. , Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U .S . Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1 . United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual . http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www. nrcs. usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 35 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http://www. nrcs.usda .gov/wps/portal/ nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006 . Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www. nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961 . Land capability classification. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www. nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290 .pdf 36 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application This page intentionally left blank. Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Application Appendix E : USR Questionnaire Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application Site-Specific Development Plan and Use by Special Review (USR) Questionnaire 1 . Explain, in detail, the proposed use of the property. The proposed use of the property is described in the following sections of the Weld County 1041 Permit Application : Project Description , Introduction, Purpose and Need, and Proposed Action Sections. 2. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 22 of the Comprehensive Plan. The Weld County Code, Chapter 22, Comprehensive Plan, has been reviewed and the proposed substation and transmission lines are consistent with the intent of the Comprehensive Plan, including Land Use, Environmental Resources, and Natural Resources. The proposed substation and transmission lines are located in the Agriculture Zone. Although the transmission line is not an agricultural use, it is a land use that is commonly located in agricultural areas and does not conflict with the goals outlined in the Comprehensive Plan. Careful site planning can be developed with only a localized loss of agricultural land quality. Ground disturbance for the transmission line is generally limited to the area immediately around the base of each pole. The substation would occur on lands previous removed from agricultural use for historic greenhouses that have since be demolished. Agricultural practices could continue on adjacent lands. Impacts to environmental resources such as air. water, waste, noise, and public health would be minimal and limited to the construction period (see Sections 21 -3-330.B.5.g, 21 -3-330 .B. 12, and 21 -3-330. B. 15). Mitigation practices described in Appendix C of this Weld County 1041 Application would be implemented to minimize impacts to environmental resources. Natural resources such as sensitive wildlife areas, recreation areas, and mineral and energy resources would not be impacted by the proposed Project. Impacts to and proposed mitigation for sensitive wildlife are described in the Wildlife and Critical Wildlife Habitat section and Appendix C of this Weld County 1041 Application. No parks, open space or recreation areas are located near the Project. A number of oil and gas wells and associated facilities occur in the vicinity of the proposed transmission lines and substation . Detailed design of the transmission line will ensure that poles are located to avoid any impact on these facilities. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 1 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application 3. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 23 (Zoning) and the zone district in which it is located. The proposed Project is located within the Agricultural Zone District. Major facilities of public utilities may be constructed , operated, and maintained in the Agricultural Zone District upon approval of a permit in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in Article II , Division 4 of Chapter 23 of the Weld County Code. Major facilities of a public utility are also subject to the provisions of section 23-4-420. This section of the code states that the applicant shall have the burden of proof to demonstrate that there is a need for the facility within the proposed area of service; this is discussed in the Purpose and Need section of this Weld County 1041 Application. 4. What types of uses surround the site (explain how the proposed use is consistent and compatible with surrounding land uses). The area is largely used for agricultural purposes, oil and gas development, and rural residences. There are numerous existing transmission line corridors in the area including one between the proposed Greenhouse Substation and the Henry Lake Substation and between the Greenhouse Substation and the Davis Substation. This Project would be compatible with the existing surrounding land uses. There are four residences located within 500 feet of the transmission lines. There are multiple oil and gas wells and facilities, and existing 230-kV, 345-kV and 115-kV transmission lines in the area as well. 5. Describe in detail, the following : a. Number of people who will use the site Following construction, no people would use this site, other than those performing routine maintenance and monitoring of the transmission line and substation . b. Number of employees proposed to be employed at this site The maximum number of construction workers at any one time would be approximately 68. The Project would generate infrequent trips to the transmission lines and substation during operations with the line being inspected annually and for occasional maintenance. See Section 21 -3-33O.B.7 of the Weld County 1041 Application for additional information . c. Hours of operation Not applicable. 2 Appendix E—USR Questionnaire Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application d. Type and number of structures to be erected (built) on this site Approximately 79- 124 transmission line structures would be used to transmit electricity over the 115-kV and 230-kV transmission lines. The new 115-kV and 230- kV transmission lines will be constructed out of wood and self-weathering steel. The right-of-way for the 115-kV transmission line will be between 75 and 100 feet and between 125 and 150 feet for the 230-kV line . Total length of the transmission lines are approximately 11 .5 miles. e. Type and number of animals, if any, to be on this site No animals would be on this site in association with the transmission line. f. Kind of vehicles (type, size, weight) of vehicles that will access this site and how often Construction equipment and duration of construction is found in Table 8 in Section 21 -3-330 .6.7 of the Weld County 1041 Application . g. Who will provide fire protection to the site The proposed Project is located in the Fort Lupton and Greater Brighton Fire Protection Districts. All applicable fire laws and regulations, as outlined in the Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS) 31 -16-601 , would be observed during the construction period. Tri-State would advise construction personnel of their responsibilities under the applicable fire laws and regulations, including taking practical measures to report and suppress fires. h. Water source on the property (both domestic and irrigation) Potable water for construction crews would be provided by a potable water supplier. A constant domestic water supply will not be supplied for the site. Minimal quantities of water for construction dust suppression would be brought in by a water truck on an as-needed basis. There will be no permanent water supply at the proposed Project site. i. Sewage disposal system on the property (existing and proposed) Sanitary portable toilets with a regular cleaning service would be provided for the construction crew. There are no plans for a permanent sewage disposal system associated with the proposed Project. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 3 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application j. If storage or warehousing is proposed, what type of items will be stored There would be temporary storage of construction materials at the proposed staging areas. Construction, operation, and maintenance activities would comply with all applicable federal , state, and local laws and regulations regarding the use of hazardous substances. The only hazardous chemicals anticipated to be used on site are those found in diesel fuel, gasoline, coolant (ethylene glycol), and lubricants in machinery. Hazardous materials would not be drained onto the ground or into streams or drainage areas. In its contract with the construction contractor, Tri-State will specify that it will hold a required pre-construction meeting with the contractor to ensure that all applicable laws and Tri-State's procedures will be followed. Tri-State's Project Environmental Protection Measures for Construction Projects are attached as Appendix C of the Weld County 1041 Application. Enclosed containment would be provided for all trash. All construction waste, including trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other potentially hazardous materials would be removed to a disposal facility authorized to accept such materials. 6. Explain the proposed landscaping for the site. The landscaping shall be separately submitted as a landscape plan map as part of the application submittal. No landscaping would be performed in association with construction of the transmission lines or substation . 7. Explain any proposed reclamation procedures when termination of the Use by Special Review activity occurs. Tri-State will exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and will conduct its construction operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction , scarring, or defacing of the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Mitigation practices described in Appendix C of the Weld County 1041 Application shall be implemented to minimize impacts to environmental resources. Except where clearing is required for permanent works or excavation operations, all trees, native shrubbery, and vegetation shall be preserved and protected from damage by the construction operations and equipment. On completion of the work, all work areas except existing access roads and substation sites would be revegetated as soon as practical using a landowner approved seed mixture . Alternatively, in areas where mutually agreed to by Tri-State and landowner, the ground shall be scarified or left in a condition that would facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion. Site-specific revegetation measures would be developed after consultation with the landowner or land manager. All 4 Appendix E—USR Questionnaire Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application destruction, scarring, damage, or defacing of the landscape resulting from the contractor's operations shall be repaired by the contractor. 8. Explain how the stormwater drainage will be handled at the site. A drainage report is not being required as part of the application materials. The project would not adversely affect drainage. Drainage from the Greenhouse substation would be directed towards a proposed detention pond located to the south of the facilities on the substation property. 9. Explain how long it will take to construct this site and when construction and landscaping is scheduled to begin. Construction is expected to begin in mid- to late-2015 and be completed in early 2016. Reseeding would be completed as soon as practicable after construction. 10. Explain where storage and/or stockpile of wastes will occur on this site. Materials would be temporarily stored at the staging areas during construction, but there would be no stockpile of wastes on site. Dumpsters would be provided for construction waste and would be emptied on a regular or as-needed basis. There will be no permanent storage or waste stockpiles on site. Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 5 Southwest Weld Expansion Project Phase I Weld County USR and 1041 Permit Application This page intentionally left blank. 6 Appendix E—USR Questionnaire 0 TRI-STATE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ASSOCIATION, INC. HEADQUARTERS: P.O. BOX 33695 DENVER, COLORADO 80233-0695 303-452-6111 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are found wherever there is a flow of electricity, such as in the use of electric lights, appliances, computers, power lines, home wiring and any other devices that carry or use electricity. The Earth itself also creates natural EMF in varying amounts. Therefore, we are all continuously exposed to EMF as a result of living in a society that so heavily relies on the use of electricity as a source of energy. Some members of the public have raised concerns about EMF and health issues. We at Tri- State Generation and Transmission Association are aware of these concerns and we wish to express our position on EMF and our commitment to this matter. Over the past four decades, thousands of scientific studies on EMF have been conducted around the world. This very large body of research has been evaluated by leading public health organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The WHO currently concludes that "despite extensive research, to date there is no evidence to conclude that exposures to low level electromagnetic fields is harmful to human health." The U.S. NIEHS reached a similar conclusion in an earlier report, finding only "weak" and "marginal" evidence that EMF from electric power could affect health. The U.S. government has not recommended the standards for public exposures to electric power EMF. The WHO has endorsed the exposure limits adopted by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP) and the International Committee for Electromagnetic Safety (ICES). These limits are 2,000 mG (ICNIRP) and 9,040 mG (ICES). The EMF levels that members of the public could experience from Tri-State power lines are well below these recommended exposure limits. Tri-State recognizes its responsibility to provide wholesale electric service at the lowest possible cost in a manner that is safe, reliable and environmentally sound. This responsibility includes designing and locating our facilities in accordance with the National Electric Safety Code and applicable federal, state and local regulations. In addition, even though electric power EMF have not been shown to cause adverse health effects, we will continue where reasonable and practicable to design and operate new facilities in a way that will lower EMF from those facilities. Tri-State continues to support credible scientific research on EMF as a sponsor of the EMF research program of the Electric Power Research Institute. We will continue to monitor the results of these and other scientific studies, will provide information about EMF issues to our member systems, our employees and our electric consumers and will respond promptly to inquiries. 5/2012 TRI-STATE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ASSOCIATION, INC. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS TOPIC STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES -No. General G-1 The contractor shall comply with all federal, state and local environmental laws, orders and regulations. Prior to construction, all supervisory construction personnel will be instructed on the protection of cultural and ecological resources. G-2 Prior to construction, Tri-State shall discuss with the Contractor areas of environmental sensitivity within the Project area, and, in particular, those areas where a monitor must be present during construction. Access Routes AR-1 No construction activities will be performed during periods when the soil is too wet to adequately support equipment and vehicles. If equipment or vehicles create ruts in excess of 4-6 inches deep for a distance of 10 feet on native surface roads, the soil shall be deemed too wet to adequately support construction equipment. If equipment or vehicles create ruts in excess of 1 inch deep on graveled roads, the roads shall be deemed to wet to support construction equipment. AR-2 Only the minimum amount of soils and vegetation necessary for the maintenance of the access routes and the safe and reliable operation of transmission line will be disturbed. If excavation is necessary, topsoil will be conserved and reused as cover on disturbed areas to facilitate re- growth of vegetation. Vegetation will be cleared from those areas necessary to obtain adequate working width and turning radius space for maintenance equipment and allow for the safe operation of the transmission line. Aesthetics A-1 The contractor shall exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and shall conduct construction operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring or defacing of the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Except where clearing is required for permanent works, approved temporary or permanent construction roads, staging areas or excavation operations, vegetation shall be preserved and shall be protected from damage by the contractor's construction operations and equipment. A-2 The contractor shall minimize scarring, defacing, damage or destruction of the natural landscape resulting from construction operations and any unnecessary or unauthorized shall be repaired by the contractor to the satisfaction of Tri-State. A-3 All construction materials, waste and debris shall be removed from the project area in a timely manner. Burning or burying of waste materials on the right-of-way or at the construction site will not be allowed. All materials resulting from the contractor's clearing operations shall be removed from the right-of-way. A-4 Structures will be located and designed to conform with the terrain and with minimal visual impacts whenever possible. Leveling and benching of the structure sites will be done to the minimum necessary to allow structure assembly and erection.* Air Quality AQ-1 The contractor shall utilize practicable methods and devices as are reasonably available to control, prevent and otherwise minimize atmospheric emissions or discharges of air contaminants. AQ-2 Possible construction related dust disturbance shall be controlled by the periodic application of water to all disturbed areas along the right-of-way and access roads. AQ-3 Vehicles and equipment showing excessive emission of exhaust gases due to poor engine adjustments or other inefficient operating conditions shall not be operated until corrective adjustments or repairs are made. AQ-4 Post seeding mulch will be utilized during reclamation activities to help reduce wind erosion and blowing dust. The mulch/stabilization will be performed as soon as possible after completion of project activities to minimize potential fugitive dust generation as re-vegetation occurs. Biological Resources BR-1 Vegetation shall be preserved and protected from damage by construction operations to the maximum extent practicable. Removal of brush and trees will be limited to those necessary for access and construction There will be no clear cutting within the right-of-way unless specifically approved in writing by Tri-State. BR-2 Disturbed areas where vegetation has been removed by construction activities to the extent that the potential for soil erosion is increased to a detrimental level will be subject to seedbed preparation techniques, reseeded to an approved seed mixture, and mulched if necessary during a recognized planting season. Mulching shall be applied only to those areas where potential erosion would prohibit vegetation establishment and growth. BR-3 The contractor shall not cross any wetland and riparian areas (of or relating to, or located on, the banks of a river or stream), unless at designated locations designated by Tri-State BR-4 On completion of the work, all work areas, except any permanent access roads/trails, shall be regraded, as required, so that all surfaces drain naturally, blend with the natural terrain, and are left in a condition that will facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage and prevent erosion. BR-5 All disturbed areas, except the access route running surfaces, will be reseeded with seed mixes as specified by Tri-State. BR-6 All construction materials and debris shall be removed from the project area. BR-7 In order to preclude avian electrocutions and minimize collision risk, Tri-State will incorporate Avian Protection Plan (APP) standards developed by the Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC December 2006) and USFWS to protect birds on power lines, APP Guidelines published April 2005 (APLIC and USFWS 2005), and NESC which specifies electric conductor clearances. Cultural Resources CR-1 Prior to construction, all supervisory construction personnel will be instructed on the protection of cultural resources with reference to relevant laws and penalties, and the need to cease work in the location if cultural resource items are discovered. CR-2 Should any previously unknown historic/prehistoric sites or artifacts be encountered during construction, all land altering activities at that location will be immediately suspended and the discovery left intact until such time that Tri-State is notified and appropriate measures taken to assure compliance the National Historic Preservation Act and enabling legislation. Fire Prevention/Control FP-1 Construction vehicles shall be equipped with government approved spark arresters. FP-2 The contractor shall maintain in all construction vehicles a current list of local emergency response providers and methods of contact/communication. Hazardous Materials HM-1 Tri-State shall comply with all applicable federal laws and regulations existing or hereafter enacted or promulgated regarding toxic substances or hazardous materials. In any event, Tri- State shall comply with the Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976, as amended (15 U.S.C. 2601, et seq.)with regard to any toxic substances that are used, generated by or stored on the ROW or on facilities authorized under this ROW Grant(See 40 CFR, Part 702-799 and especially, provisions on polychlorinated biphenyls, 40 CFR 761.1-761.193.). Additionally, any release of toxic substances (leaks, spills, etc.) in excess of the reportable quantity established by 40 CFR, Part 117 shall be reported as required by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, section 102b. A copy of any report required or requested by any federal agency or state government as a result of a reportable release or spill of any toxic substance shall be furnished to the authorized officer concurrent with the filing of the reports to the involved federal agency or state government. HM-2 No bulk fuel storage will occur within the public lands portion of the ROW project. All fuel and fluid spills within this area will be handled in accordance with appropriate state and federal spill reporting and response requirements. Contractor shall notify Tri-State of any spills so appropriate notifications can be made to regulatory authorities. HM-3 Any waste generated as a result of the proposed action will be properly disposed in a permitted facility. Solid waste generated during construction and periodic maintenance periods will be minimal. All hazardous materials will be handled in accordance with applicable local, state and federal hazardous material statues and regulations. Land Use LU-1 All activities associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of the transmission line will take place within the authorized limits of the transmission line ROW and access routes. Additional access routes or cross-country travel will not be allowed outside of the authorized routes prior to review and approval by Tri-State. LU-2 The contractor shall maintain all fences, brace panels and gates during the construction period. Any fence, brace panel or gate damaged during construction will be repaired immediately by the contractor to appropriate landowner or agency standards as determined by the authorized officer. LU-3 The contractor shall eliminate, at the earliest opportunity, all construction ruts that are detrimental to agricultural operations and/or hazardous to movement of vehicles and equipment. Such ruts shall be leveled, filled and graded, or otherwise eliminated in an approved manner. Damage to ditches, tile drains, culverts, terraces, local roads and other similar land use features shall be corrected as necessary by the contractor. The land and facilities shall be restored as nearly as practicable to their original condition. LU-4 Structure foundation holes will not be left open overnight and will be covered. Covers will be secured in place and will be strong enough to prevent livestock, wildlife, or the public from falling through and into a hole. Noise N-1 Construction vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in proper operating condition and shall be equipped with manufacturers' standard noise control devices or better(e.g. mufflers, engine enclosures). Noxious Weeds NW-1 To minimize introduction of noxious weed seed sources to the project area the following measures will be performed: All heavy equipment utilized during construction will be washed prior to departure from the equipment storage facility. Washing of equipment prior to transport from one work site to another is not recommended, as on-site washing of equipment increases the chance of weed seed dispersal by drainage of water off of the site, across an area greater than the size of the work site. Equipment will have accumulations of mud 'knocked off instead. This method promotes containment of weed seeds on the work site; all seed mixes and mulch used for reclamation activities will be certified weed-free. Soils and Geology S-1 The contractor shall mitigate soils compacted by movement of construction vehicles and equipment, by 1.) loosened and leveled harrowing or disking to approximate pre-construction contours and 2.) reseeded with certified weed-free grasses and mulched (except in cultivated fields). The specific seed mix(s)and rate(s)of application will be determined by Tri-State . S-2 Movement of construction vehicles and equipment shall be limited to the right-of-way and approved access routes. S-3 Excavated material not used in the backfilling of poles shall be spread around each pole, evenly spread on the access routes in the immediate vicinity of the pole structure or transported off-site to a Tri-State approved disposal location. Disturbed areas shall then be regraded to approximate pre-construction contours and reseeded as specified in S-1.` S-4 Topsoil will be removed, stockpiled, and re-spread at temporarily disturbed areas not needed for maintenance access.* Traffic T-1 The contractor shall make all necessary provisions for conformance with federal, state and local traffic safety standards and shall conduct construction operations so as to offer the least possible obstruction and inconvenience to public traffic. Water Quality and Erosion WQ-1 Construction activities shall be performed by methods that prevent entrance or accidental spillage of solid matter, contaminants debris, and other objectionable pollutants and wastes into flowing streams or dry water courses, lakes and underground water sources. Such pollutants and wastes include, but are not restricted to, refuse, garbage, cement, concrete, sanitary waste, industrial waste, radioactive substances, oil and other petroleum products, aggregate processing tailings, mineral salts and thermal pollution. WQ-2 Dewatering work for structure foundations or earthwork operations adjacent to, or encroaching on, streams or water courses shall not be performed without prior approval by Tri-State and appropriate state agencies. Water and eroded materials will be prevented from entering the streams or watercourses by constructing intercepting ditches, bypass channels, barriers, settling ponds or other approved methods. WQ-3 Borrow pits shall be so excavated that water will not collect and stand therein. Before being abandoned, the sides of borrow pits shall be brought to stable slopes, with slope intersections shaped to carry the natural contour of adjacent, undisturbed terrain into the pit or borrow area, giving a natural appearance. Waste piles shall be shaped to provide a natural appearance. WQ-4 Excavated material or other construction materials shall not be stockpiled or deposited near or on stream banks, lake shorelines or other water course perimeters where they can be washed away by high water or storm runoff or can in any way encroach upon the actual water source itself. WQ-5 Waste waters from construction operations shall not enter streams, water courses or other surface waters without use of such turbidity control methods as settling ponds, gravel-filter entrapment dikes, approved flocculating processes that are not harmful to fish, recirculation systems for washing of aggregates or other approved methods. Any such waste waters discharged into surface waters shall be essentially free of settleable material. Settleable material is defined as that material that will settle from the water by gravity during a 1-hour quiescent period. WQ-6 A Storm Water Management Plan shall be developed if required, to address all construction, reconstruction activities. The plan shall conform will all EPA and Best Management Practices (BMP) requirements. Hello