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NAME OF S(IR!)I v i S.l('I'I RESOLUTION-STATE OF COLORADO---g,j1 GY CONSERVATION STANDARDS
NAME OF XIMX3X3XXX STATE OF COLORADO - ENERGY CONSERYA7izi_syANn,ARDS___ _._____
• Re: Amendments and additions to Weld County Building Code
I.()CATION ( F ;U!3DIY(SI �N ___ Providing for ENERGY CONSERVATION REQUIREMENTS.
1)4TE OF RECi.R.1 N l OCT G 1978 BOOK 847 RECEPTION # .76`s!i_;_
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I MARY ANN FEUERSTEIN
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WELD COUNTY C f) RE ORDER
BY: q' �.r- — / ' � %,
+EP Y COUNTY CLERK & RF {,R'1F P
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State of Colorado Energy Conservation Standards te *
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0tr 847 1768988
Board for Energy Efficient Nonresidential Building Standards
John D. Anderson, A.I.A.
John D. Anderson & Associates, P.C.
1522 Blake Street
Denver, CO 80202
George L. Campen, P.E.
CECO Corporation
1562 Parker Road
Denver, CO 80222
*Howard B. Gelt,
Attorney at Law
1040 Capitol Life Center
16th Avenue and Grant Street
Denver, CO 80203
D. Vernon Hott
Equitable Life Assurance Society of America
First National Bank Building, Suite 2110
17th and Welton Streets
Denver, CO 80293
Alvin M. Krutsch
Delta Mortgage Corporation
5500 East Yale Avenue, Suite 304
Denver, CO 80222
Perry C. Tyree
Regional Building Official
101 West Costilla
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
Lynn H. Wray, P.E.
805 East Seventh Avenue, Suite 10
Denver, CO 80218
*Chairman
sock
84'7 1768%19;i:).
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The attached State of Colorado Energy Conservation Standards
(November, 107'7), Is hereby certified to the Weld County hoard of
t'u,mnlssloners its an amendment to the Weld County Building Code
in accordance with the requirements of Section 90-28-201, of seq.,
C.R.S. 1973 and in accordance with the recommendations and actions
of the Weld County Planning Commission as set forth by Resolution
of the Commission this 15th day of August, A.D., 1978.
/I T
BYn�
ai man, Cold mionying
Commission
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the
i� tlf y art ` sea1gf Weld County, at Greelsy,,orado, this !P 7AL day
tt, .` of ( v',i pp , A.D., 19
a f.
.t ,y „a County rk
c et' T R..�x cc <</C
putt' ounty er
The attached State of Colorado E 8t' Conservation St ndards
(November, 1977), is hereby adopted as an amendment to the Weld
County Building Code in accordance with the requirements of
Section 30-28-201, et seq., C.R.S, 1973 by the Weld County Board
of Cou tv Cevom issionerg,as set forth by Resolution h'f Board
this (' day of , p f)Fif1 , A.D., 1.9
By
441L-111C1—
ltl County
a
Commissioners
I IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and ppffi ed the
seal C.47-7-043
fl�nl,�Weld County, at Greeley, Coly�r%do, this 01)V.- day
. itk of C.47- 43P-o' . , A.D., 19 7.
4 'ap.� Wlt � ,, f s
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-,t County Cl
By . 4 fC
.. tfr'l A 1 Lj ty County Clerk
F 1 ttit
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t° 847 1'768988
95•
November 1977
State of Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation Standards
for Nonresidential Buildings
Including Recommended Energy Conservation "Performance" Code
for New Construction and Renovation of Residential Buildings
For assistance please contact:
Nonresidential Standards:
Office of State Planning and Budgeting
1525 Sherman Street, Suite 617
Denver, Colorado 80203
(303) 839-2626
Residential Standards:
Division of Housing
Department of Local Affairs
1313 Sherman Street, Suite 507
Denver, Colorado 80203
(303) 839-2033
ndt-
1'768988
M7 cis-
iH�1NE
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EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS
DENvEn
RICHARD D. IAMM
w'.inoi
Fellow Coloradans:
The energy crisis poses one of the most far-reaching and creative
challenges ever faced by our society. In the short term, we face rapidly
rising energy prices and increasing supply shortages. In the long term,
we face the inevitable exhaustion of the traditional non-renewable fuels
we have come to rely upon. Planning for our future must begin now with
_ the implementation of strong energy conservation measures as well as the
development and use of renewable sources of energy.
The model energy standards in this publication for new construction
and major renovation of buildings represent a significant step in the
direction our future demands. Embodied in these standards is the concept
that all buildings must be designed to consume energy as efficiently as
possible.
I would like to thank the Citizens' Energy Conservation Work Team
which labored long and hard to provide my staff with the appropriate
expertise needed to develop the legislation responsible for the adoption
of these building standards. They are an integral part of the Colorado
Energy Conservation Plan. I would also like to thank the Office of State
Planning and Budgeting, the Division of Housing, and the Boards within
these agencies which adopted the actual building efficiency standards ,
as well as the many citizens throughout the state who participated in the
public hearings on them. A special thanks should go to the Colorado
General Assembly, which had the foresight to approve legislation requiring
the implementation of energy conservation standards statewide.
Sincerely,
to
Ri hard D` Lamm
Th
Governor
q) 441? 1168988
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St* Of€1ijt tit A0 -
Last year the Colorado General Assembly had the foresight to enact
legislation requiring Colorado counties and municipalities with building
codes to adopt energy conservation building standards . The Office of —
State Planning and Budgeting and the Department of Local Affairs were
also given the responsibility of developing model energy efficient con-
struction and renovation standards which would provide guidance and _
assistance to local governments.
The standards presented herein are sound and simple guidelines for
energy conservation in buildings in the State of Colorado. They point
out the way to minimize long-range costs as well as conserve energy.
While these standards are certainly not the final answer to the problem
of energy conservation in buildings, they represent the current state of
the art and have been shown to effectively reduce energy consumption.
Local governments can readily adapt the provisions of this code to __
an existing code structure, or can use it alone as an energy conservation
code where no code exists. Keep in mind that these standards present
minimum requirements for energy conservation. Local jurisdictions may
adopt additional measures to reduce the energy consumed in a building,
and such action would certainly be in compliance with the spirit of the
law.
Many future revisions to these standards will be based on your ex-
periences as a user of the code. The Office of State Planning and Budget-
ing, the Division of Housing of the Department of Local Affairs and their
respective boards encourage you to review this document carefully,
participate in state and local training and assistance programs and
communicate any questions or comments you may have to these state agencies.
Proposed changes will then be discussed at public hearings , evaluated by —
board members and acted upon at open meetings .
The success of the energy conservation building standards program _
depends upon strong and positive action by local governments and private
entities throughout Colorado. We welcome your personal input and parti-
cipation in this joint effort. _
cp j 2 al-5 Via \.,_____I,—____ _
David L. Foote Paula Herz
Executive Director Executive Di '-ctor
Office of State Planning Department o Local Affa
and Budgeting
1768988
sb° 847
`l5i;l
Section 1 Scope and General Requirements
101.0 Title
102.0 Intent and Compliance
103.0 Scope
_ 104.0 Materials and Equipment
105.0 Plans and Specifications
106.0 Inspections and Approvals
107.0 Validity
Section 2 Definitions
Section 3 Design Conditions
301.0 Design Criteria
302.0 Thermal Design Parameters
Section 4 Building Design by Systems Analysis and Design of Buildings Utilizing Nondepletable
Energy Sources
401.0 Design Criteria
402.0 Analysis Procedure
403.0 Buildings Utilizing Nondepletable Energy Sources
Section 5 Building Design by Component Performance Approach
501.0 General Requirements
502.0 Building Envelope Requirements
503.0 Building Mechanical Systems
504.0 Design of Mechanical Systems
505.0 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements
506.0 Insulation of HVAC Systems
507.0 Duct Construction
508.0 Service Water Heating
509.0 Electrical Distribution Systems
510.0 Lighting Power Budget
Section 6 Building Design by Acceptable Practice
601.0 Scope
602.0 Building Envelope Requirements
603.0 Building Mechanical Systems
604.0 Service Water Heating
605.0 Electrical Power and Lighting
Section 7 Standards
Appendix A Residential Foreword, Including Senate Bill 159, the Residential Building Energy
Conservation Act of 1977
Appendix B Recommended "Performance" Code for Energy Conservation in Residential Building
Construction and Renovation
ch$4t 1'768988
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Figures
1 U0 Walls—Group R Buildings
2 R Values—Slab on Grade
3 Uo Walls—Heating
4 U0 Roofs and Ceilings —
5 U0 Values—Floors over Unheated Spaces
6 Overall Thermal Transfer Value Walls Cooling
7 Solar Factor (SF) Values
Construction
Assemblies
6-1A to C Wall Assemblies
6-2 Roof/Ceiling Assemblies
6-3 Floor Assemblies
oo 847 1768988
Foreword Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation Standards
for Nonresidential Buildings.
During the 1977 Session of the Colorado General Assembly, the State Legislature
enacted Senate Bill 432, Concerning the Establishment of Energy Efficiency Con-
-- struction and Renovation Standards for Nonresidential Buildings. This legislation
requires that energy efficiency standards be established which allow for maximum
efficiency in reducing heat loss or gain and also allow sufficient design creativity.
Pursuant to Senate Bill 432, the Director of State Planning and Budgeting appointed
seven members to a Board for Energy Efficient Nonresidential Building Standards.
Upon its formation, this Board has promulgated proposed energy efficiency standards,
received public input in writing and at public hearings throughout the State, and
adopted final standards on November 1, 1977.
The Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation Standards for
Nonresidential Buildings address the new construction of nonresidential buildings, and
the renovation of any nonresidential building which results in, or is likely to result in,
a 50% or greater increase in the replacement value of the existing structure, as deter-
mined by the County Assessor. These standards cannot be amended or revised by the
Board more frequently than annually after November 1, 1977.
These model standards have been developed to provide guidance to counties and
municipalities with building codes as they promulgate their own energy efficiency
regulations as required by Senate Bill 432.
Local Adoption and Implementation
Senate Bill 432 stipulates that on or before July 1, 1978, the governing body of every
county and municipality which has a building code must adopt, as part of its building
code, energy efficiency construction and renovation standards for nonresidential
buildings which are as comprehensive as, and no less stringent than, the standards
presented herein. After July 1, 1978, no building permit shall be issued without
variance proceedings by such counties and municipalities for the construction or
renovation of any nonresidential building, unless such construction or renovation
conforms to the energy efficiency standards adopted by the local building code en-
forcement authority.
Local governments may, if they so desire, extend these regulations to those buildings
not included in the statutory definition of "nonresidential buildings," (for example,
hotels, motels, apartments over three stories) or to foundries or other heat-producing
industries. Similarly, local governments may adopt standards more stringent or more
comprehensive than these model standards in order to meet their specific needs.
Model energy efficiency standards for nonresidential buildings should not be confused
with the specific residential insulation standards contained in Senate Bill 159 of 1977
(Appendix A), or the alternative Recommended "Performance" Code for Residential
Buildings (Appendix B). With the exception of the Senate Bill 159 which is mandatory,
the State of Colorado can only recommend that local governments adopt energy con-
servation "performance"standards for residential buildings.
For additional information regarding residential standards, please see Appendices A
and B of this book.
634. 847 1"168913
cf -
a
Training and Technical Assistance
The State of Colorado will establish a continuing program for the provision of tech-
nical assistance to counties and municipalities in the implementation of energy
efficiency construction and renovation standards. The program will include training
in building technology procedures related to energy conservation and the development —
of complementary training programs to be conducted by local governments and other
public and private entities.
On a contract basis, the Office of State Planning and Budgeting may, upon the request
by a county or municipality, review nonresidential building plans and specifications for
compliance with local energy efficiency construction and renovation standards.
Some Facts About the Colorado Model Standards
The Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation Standards for
Nonresidential Buildings are based on a document produced by the National Con-
ference of States on Building Codes and Standards, Inc. (NCSBCS).
In 1976, NCSBCS was contracted by the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Association (E RDA) to codify the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Standard 90-75. Changes to the ASH RAE
Standard 90-75, subsequently adopted by ASH RAE, were not within the scope of the
NCSBCS project, and hence are not reflected in these standards.
The Colorado Model Standards have been structured into a three path approach.
Compliance with any one of these paths is considered to meet the intent of these
standards. Charts and graphs are designed to become site-specific upon introduction of
the appropriate U, OTTV, etc., values by the local regulatory agency.
Path 1 Section 4
is the systems analysis design approach. This section includes nondepletable energy
source utilization.
Path 2 Section 5
is the component performance design approach.
Path 3 Section 6
contains acceptable practice provisions for small commercial buildings of frame, con-
crete, or masonry wall construction; all less than 5,000 square feet in floor area. This
section permits these structures to be built in accordance with designated provisions in
lieu of performing a thermal analysis.
'4-
9P-847 1 988
Cab .1
Additional Concerns
After evaluating numerous energy conservation studies initiated on the federal, state
and local levels, the Board for Energy Efficient Nonresidential Building Standards
adopted the Colorado Model Standards. Of the many comments received by the Board
during the public hearings process, the following emerged as areas of additional
concern:
1. Performance Standards. Concern was expressed that the standards be sufficiently
performance based. The Board feels that the standards provide adequate flex-
ibility for utilization of new performance concepts and innovative designs. It is
anticipated that such provisions will be added when new research becomes
available and when the standards have undergone a consensus review.
2. Design by Acceptable Practice. Many industry groups expressed concern regard-
ing the construction details provided in Section 6, as they compare with the
construction practices throughout the country. The wall assemblies shown
represent typical construction practices. Assemblies that comply with these
standards include, but are not limited to, those shown.
_ 3. Conflict with Other Health and Safety Standards. Users of these standards
should consider that buildings constructed in accordance with these require-
ments will be sealed tighter than buildings in the past. Consideration must be
given for combustion air for furnaces, water heaters and appliances, fireplaces,
etc. The use of these standards should in no way nullify the enforcement of any
other health and safety requirement.
� 847 1768988
(CA
Senate Bill No. 432, 1977
By Senators Schieffelin, Kogovsek, L. Fowler, Gallagher, Harding, Holme, Meiklejohn,
Plock, and Stewart; also Representatives Hilsmeier, DeMoulin, Frank, Dick, Jones,
Lloyd, Neale, Taylor and Wayland.
Concerning the establishment of energy efficiency construction and renovation standards
for nonresidential buildings, and making an appropriation therefor.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:
Section 1 Title 29, Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as amended, is amended
by the addition of a new article to read:
Article 12 Energy Conservation Standards for Nonresidential Buildings
29-12-101 Legislative declaration
1) The general assembly hereby finds and declares that energy resources required
by nonresidential buildings represent a substantial portion of the total energy
usage in this state; that technologies are presently available to reduce such con-
sumption and conserve these resources; that a variety of architectural techniques
exist to achieve greater efficiencies in energy use and that the decision regarding
the best technique should remain with the designers, builders, and contractors of
nonresidential buildings; and that the conservation of energy resources is of the
utmost importance to the people of this state, and any design criteria developed
for nonresidential buildings should be developed so as to meet the needs of
energy conservation.
2) It is the intent of this article that energy efficiency construction and renovation
standards for nonresidential buildings be established which allow for maximum
efficiency in reducing heat loss or gain and allow sufficient design creativity.
29-12-102 Definitions
As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:
1) Board
means the board for energy-efficient nonresidential building standards estab-
lished in section 29-12-103.
2) Director
means the executive director of the office of state planning and budgeting.
3) Municipality
means a city or town and, in addition, means a city or town incorporated prior
to July 3, 1877, whether or not reorganized, and any city, town, or city and
county which has chosen to adopt a home rule charter pursuant to the provi-
sions of article XX of the state constitution.
1768988
5
4) Nonresidential Building
means any building which is heated or cooled in its interior and is of an occu-
pancy type other than type H, I, or J, as defined in the uniform building code,
1973 edition, or type M, R-1, or R-3, as defined in the uniform building code,
1976 edition, as adopted by the international conference of building officials.
Buildings or portions of buildings used primarily for the storage of materials and
uninhabited, except for the handling of those materials, shall be excluded from
the provisions of this subsection.
5) Renovation
means any structural alteration or repair to a nonresidential building which
results in, or is likely to result in, a fifty percent or greater increase in the value
of the building.
6) Value
means the replacement value of the existing structure as determined by the
county assessor.
29-12-103 Board for energy-efficient nonresidential buildings standards—creation
1) There is hereby created, as a section of the office of state planning and budget-
ing, the board for energy-efficient nonresidential building standards.
2) The board shall consist of seven members appointed by the executive director
of the office of state planning and budgeting to serve for terms of two years
each. Membership on the board shall be as follows: One member shall be a
licensed architect and one a licensed mechanical engineer, both of whom shall be
experienced in electrical and mechanical systems design for nonresidential build-
ings; one a general building contractor with experience in nonresidential building
construction; one shall be a municipal building official; one shall be a building
owner or manager with extensive knowledge of building codes; one shall be a
bank, savings and loan, or mortgage banking officer with extensive knowledge of
commercial loans, and one member shall be from the public at large with a gen-
eral background in energy conservation. Members shall be compensated for their
services in the amount of thirty-five dollars per day and shall also be reimbursed
for their actual expenses incurred while engaged in official duties. The board
shall, by a majority vote of all the members, elect its chairman at its first meet-
ing in July, 1977, and the board shall elect its chairman biennially thereafter.
Meetings of the board shall be called by the chairman.
3) The appointing authority shall make the appointments from a list of three names
submitted by each professional organization representing the professions named
in subsection (2) of this section, except the member representing the public at
large, who shall be appointed by the appointing authority. If there is more than
one professional organization representing a profession, each professional organ-
ization may submit three names to the appointing authority for consideration.
If, at the discretion of the appointing authority, additional names are required,
they may be requested from the professional organizations.
4) The office of state planning and budgeting shall evaluate the effectiveness of and —
calculate energy savings due to standards promulgated by the board and report
the results of their evaluation to the general assembly on or before December 1,
1979.
5) The board shall exercise its powers and perform its duties and functions speci-
fied in this article under the office of state planning and budgeting as if the same
were transferred to the office of state planning and budgeting by a type 2 trans- _
fer, as such transfer is defined in the "Administrative Organization Act of
1968," article 1 of title 24, C.R.S. 1973.
6) The board shall continue its activities beyond July 1, 1978, subject to available
appropriation.
ot*
7 1768958
84
,
29-12-104 Board to establish model energy efficiency construction and renova-
- tion standards for nonresidential buildings
1) On or before September 1, 1977, the board shall promulgate proposed model
energy efficiency construction and renovation standards for nonresidential
buildings. The board shall conduct public hearings throughout the state on these
proposed standards and shall adopt final standards on or before November 1,
1977. After November 1, 1977, such standards shall not be amended or revised
more frequently than annually. Such standards shall provide guidance and
assistance to counties and municipalities with building codes for the inclusion
within such building codes of their own energy efficiency construction and
renovation standards as required by section 29-12-105.
2) The standards promulgated under subsection (1) of this section shall:
a) Be formulated so as to be readily understandable by local government
officials, architects, engineers, and contractors;
b) Implement the intent of section 29-12-1O1;
c) Be sufficiently stringent to effect a significant savings of energy resources
and be consistent with the latest and most effective technology; and
d) I) Prescribe component design criteria for enclosure elements and for
energy consuming systems of nonresidential buildings considering,
but not limited to, the following:
A) Thermal transmittance factors allowable per square foot of
the exposed skin of the structure;
B) Practical ventilation requirements which take into considera-
tion expected population densities of the building and also
periods when the building is not in use;
C) Insulation of piping and other circulation equipment;
D) Use of economizer cycles;
E) Provisions which encourage the use of systems for heating
only, cooling only, cooling with outside air, or cooling with a
combination of outside air and refrigeration; and
F) Use of automatic time clocks for ventilation systems;
G) Lighting levels and lighting loads; and
II) Incorporate performance criteria by which the effect of the stand-
ards specified in subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (d) can be met
by alternate nonresidential designs, including, but not limited to,
designs utilizing nondepleting energy sources such as solar, wind,
geothermal, or other nondepleting sources and by which such alter-
nate designs may be certified as complying with such standards by
architects or engineers or by other professionals designated by the
board.
3) The standards promulgated under subsection (1) of this section shall not apply
to a historic building which is deliberately preserved beyond its normal term of
use because of historic associations, architectural interest, or public policy.
4) Upon the adoption of the standards required under subsection (1) of this
section, the board shall review such standards as it deems necessary.
cP*847 1'768988
hY,
( 5 ;
5) The board shall promulgate provisions which recognize the operation of heat
producing industries, processes, and operations, including, but not limited to,
foundries, and provide for exemptions for such industries, processes, and opera-
tions as may be necessary.
29-12-105 Counties and municipalities to adopt standards
On or before July 1, 1978, the governing body of every county and municipality which
has a building code shall adopt energy efficiency construction and renovation standards
for nonresidential buildings as part of its building code which are as comprehensive as
and no less stringent than the model standards promulgated by the board pursuant to
section 29-12-104. After said date, no building permit shall be issued without variance
proceedings by such counties and municipalities for the construction or renovation of
any nonresidential building unless such construction or renovation conforms to the
energy efficiency construction and renovation standards adopted by the local building
code enforcement authority. Such authority may accept the certification of a licensed
architect or licensed engineer that the design of the proposed building meets or exceeds
the energy efficiency standards as promulgated by the board.
29-12-106 Office of state planning and budgeting to provide technical assistance
1) The office of state planning and budgeting under the supervision of the director
shall establish a continuing program for the provision of technical assistance to
counties and municipalities in the implementation of energy efficiency construc-
tion and renovation standards. The program shall include the training of county
and municipal officials in building technology procedures related to energy con-
servation and the development of complementary training programs conducted
by local governments, educational institutions, and other public or private
entities. In addition, the program shall include the preparation and publication
of forms and procedures which would be useful to county and municipal offi-
cials in implementing energy efficiency construction and renovation standards.
2) On a contract basis, the office of state planning and budgeting may, upon
request by a county or municipality, review building plans and specifications on
behalf of counties and municipalities for compliance with energy efficiency con-
struction and renovation standards. The office of state planning and budgeting
shall adopt a schedule of fees sufficient to repay the cost of such services.
3) The office of state planning and budgeting shall coordinate the development,
adoption, publication, and distribution of energy efficiency construction and
renovation standards with any model energy efficiency construction and renova-
tion standards for residential construction to be developed by the division of
housing, in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and to reduce
administrative costs.
Section 2 24-37-101
Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as amended, is amended by the addition of a new
subsection to read:
24-37-101 Office of state planning and budgeting—creation
4) The board for energy-efficient nonresidential building standards, created by
article 12 of title 29, C.R.S. 1973, and its powers, duties, functions, personnel
and property is hereby transferred by a type 2 transfer to the office of state
planning and budgeting.
Section 3 24-37-102 (1)
Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as amended, is amended by the addition ofa new
paragraph to read:
004-
1768988
847 b ,/
24-37-102 Executive director—duties
1) d) Supervise the establishment and maintenance of a program for the pro-
vision of technical assistance to counties and municipalities in the
adoption and implementation of energy efficiency construction and
renovation standards pursuant to the provisions of article 12 of title 29,
C.R.S. 1973.
Section 4 Appropriation
There is hereby appropriated, to the office of state planning and budgeting for alloca-
tion to the board for energy-efficient nonresidential building standards, for the fiscal
year beginning July 1, 1977, the sum of one hundred twenty-seven thousand nine
hundred fifty-four dollars ($127,954), and 4.0 FTE, or so much thereof as may be
necessary, of which amount one hundred eighteen thousand nine hundred fifty-four
dollars ($118,954) is from federal funds and nine thousand dollars ($9,000) is from
cash funds, for the implementation of the provisions of this act.
Section 5 Effective date—repeal
This act shall take effect July 1, 1977, and shall be repealed January 1, 1980.
Section 6 Safety clause
The general assembly hereby finds, determines, and declares that this act is necessary
for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, and safety.
(4‘4,004) /ds L
Fred E. Anderson Ronald H. Strahle
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
of Representatives
Marjo ofa L. Rutenbeck Lorraine F. Lombardi
Secretary of the Senate Chief Clerk of the House
of Representatives
i 36
Vet —11
Approved Richard D. Lamm
Govei nor of the State of Colorado
1768988
3o) 847
Section 1 Scope and General Requirements
101.0 Title
These standards shall be known as the Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Con-
_ struction and Renovation Standards for Nonresidential Buildings and may be cited
as such. These standards will be referred to herein as the "Code." (For Residential,
also see Appendix B, 101.0)
101.1 Foreword
Incorporated by reference in this Code is the Foreword, which contains a concise
general statement of the basis and purpose of the Code, including an analytical
evaluation of the scientific and technological rationale justifying the Code.
102.0 Intent and Compliance
a) The requirements of this Code shall regulate the design of building envelopes
for adequate thermal resistance and low air leakage and the design and selection
of mechanical, electrical, and illumination systems and equipment which will
enable the effective use of energy in new building construction.
b) It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility to permit the use of
innovative approaches and techniques to achieve effective utilization of energy.
These provisions are structured to permit compliance with the intent of this
Code by any one of the three paths for design:
Section 4, a systems approach for the entire building and its energy-using
sub-systems which may utilize nondepletable energy sources;
Section 5, a component performance approach for various building
elements and mechanical systems and components; or
Section 6, specified acceptable practice.
Compliance with any one of these paths meets the intent of this Code.
c) This Code is not intended to abridge any safety or health requirements required
under any other applicable codes or ordinances.
103.0 Scope
_ This Code sets forth minimum requirements for the design of new buildings and
structures or portions thereof and additions to existing buildings that comply with
occupancy types other than types H, I, or J, as defined in the Uniform Building Code,
1973 edition, or types M, R-1, or R-3, as defined in the Uniform Building Code, 1976
edition, designed primarily for human occupancy, regulating their exterior envelopes
and selection of their HVAC, service water heating, electrical distribution and illumi-
nating systems and equipment for effective use of energy. Buildings shall be designed
to comply with the requirements of either Section 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
(For Residential, also see Appendix 8, 103.01
M341 1168988
C1S-J•ct
103.1 Exempt Buildings
a) Buildings and structures or portions thereof whose peak design rate of energy
usage is less than 3.4 Btu/h per square foot, or 1.0 watt per square foot of floor
area for all purposes.
b) Buildings and structures or portions thereof which are neither heated nor cooled
by fuel.
c) Buildings or portions of buildings used primarily for the storage of materials and
are uninhabited, except for the handling of those materials.their normal term of
d) Historic buildings which are deliberately preserved o beyond
use because of historic associations, architectural interest, or public policy.
processes
e) Buildings associated with heat producing industries, processes and operations,rom provided the lbasic ementtalleding heat is ne gy expenderived ded forfheat heating does nose heat tenerating t exceed the energy
exd pehend d fo
expended for the process.
103.2 Additions to Existing Buildings be made to such or
buildings or structures may buildings hereafter
Additions towithout existing the entire building or structure comply, except relate
f
structures making provisions of this Code as they
ny renovation, alteration, or repair which results in,
provided. The new addition shall conform tot e replacement value, deter-
tomined is se new constructionresult50 only.
ent or greater increase in rep oer structure as comply
kely to County u in, ss p
by the Assessor, shall require the entire building
with this Code.
103.3 Change of Occupancy
Any change in the occupancy or use of any building or structure constructed under
this Code which would require
an increase
usleinss demand
uch di of either
g or sfossil fuels or
el e tocal
energy supply shall not be pr
comply with the requirements of this Code.
104.0 Materials and Equipment
All materials and equipment shall be identified in order to show compliance with this
Code.
104.1 Alternate Materials and Methods provisionsThe design or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein,
of this Code are not intended to prevent the use of any oateed material,
the
method of constchccion, 9 system has been app
provided
Building Official cas meeting the intent of theonstruction, design or Code.
104.2 Maintenance Information
stated and incorporated on a
Required regular maintenance bl. Such
l actions lashall i clearly
by corp or publication
readily accessible label. Such label may be limited to identifying,
number, the operation and maintenance manual for that particular model and type of
project. Maintenance instructions shall be furnished for any equipment which requires
preventative maintenance for efficient op
ooh 1768988
847 95:30
105.0 Plans and Specifications
With each application for a building permit, g
Official,, plans, specifications and a statement of design compliance with the Code shall
be submitted. Where State statutes require design by an architect or engineer, the
statement of compliance shall be prepared by an architect or engineer.
105.1 Review for Design Compliance
Review for design compliance with the Code may be required by the Building Official
and may be accomplished by an engineer or architect licensed to practice by the State,
or the official may contact the State to accomplish this review. The official shall
provide for payment of these services. State provided services shall be at an actual cost
incurred by the Office of State Planning and Budgeting.
105.2 Details
The plans and specifications shall show in sufficient detail all pertinent data and
features of the buildings and the equipment and systems as herein governed including,
but not limited to, design criteria, exterior envelope component materials, U values of
the envelope elements, R values of insulating materials, size and type of apparatus and
equipment, equipment and system controls and other pertinent data to indicate con-
formance with the requirements of this Code.
106.0 Inspections and Approvals
a) All construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to
inspection by the Building Official.
b) No work shall be done on any part of the building or structure beyond the point
indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the written
approval of the Building Official. No construction shall be concealed without
inspection approval.
c) There shall be a final inspection and approval on all buildings when completed
and ready for occupancy.
d) The Building Official may cause any structure to be reinspected.
107.0 Validity
If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this Code is, for any reason,
_ held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
portions of this Code.
V"-84 7 1768988
c1.7
Section 2 Definitions
Accessible (as applied to equipment)
Admitting close approach not guarded by locked doors, elevation or other effective
means. (See readily accessible)
Air Conditioning
The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of the conditioned space.
Air Transport Factor
The ratio of the rate of useful sensible heat removal from the conditioned space to the
energy input to the supply and return fan motor(s), expressed in consistent units and
under the designated operating conditions.
Automatic
Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal
influence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or
mechanical configuration. (See manual)
Boiler Capacity
The rate of heat output in Btu/h measured at the boiler outlet, at the design pressure
and/or temperature, and rated fuel input at site elevation.
Building Envelope
The elements of a building which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal
energy may be transferred to or from the exterior.
Building Official
The official authorized to act in behalf of the responsible government agency for the
enforcement of this Code.
Building Project
A building or group of buildings, including onsite energy conversion or electric-
- generating facilities which utilize a single submittal for a construction permit or are
within the boundary of a contiguous area under one ownership.
Coefficient of Beam Utilization (CBU)
The ratio of the luminous flux (lumens) reaching a specified area directly from a
floodlight or projector to the total beam luminous flux.
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
See the following paragraphs in Section 5 for the definitions of COP as appropriate:
Heat Pumps, Heating 505.1(a)
Electrically Operated HVAC Systems Equipment, Cooling 505.3(a)
Electrically Operated HVAC Systems Components, Cooling 505.4(a)
Heat Operated HVAC Systems Equipment, Cooling 505.5(a)
Q-847 17 988
0
Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
The ratio of the luminous flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work plane
to the lumens emitted by the luminaire's lamps alone.
Color Rendition
General expression for the effect of a light source on the color. Appearance of objects
in conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference
light source.
Comfort Envelope
The area on a psychrometric chart enclosing all those conditions described in Std RS-4
as being comfortable.
Conditioned Floor Area
The horizontal projection of that portion of interior space which is contained within
exterior walls and which is conditioned directly or indirectly by an energy-using system.
Degree Day, Heating
A unit, based upon temperature difference and time, used in estimating fuel con-
sumption and specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any one day,
when the mean temperature is less than 65F there exist as many Degree Days as there
are Fahrenheit degrees difference in temperature between the mean temperature for
the day and 65F. -
Efficiency, Overall System
The ratio of useful energy (at the point of use) to the thermal energy input for a
designated time period, expressed in percent.
Energy
The capacity for doing work; taking a number of forms which may be transformed
from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical and
chemical; in customary units, measured in kilowatt-hours (kwh) or British thermal
units (Btu).
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
The ratio of net cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under
designated operating conditions.
Energy, Recovered (See recovered energy) —
Equivalent Sphere Illumination (ESI)
The level of sphere illumination which would produce task visibility equivalent to that
produced by a specific lighting environment.
Exterior Envelope (See building envelope)
Floodlighting
A lighting system designated to light an area using projector-type luminaires usually
capable of being pointed in any direction.
1768988
847 //&
Fuel
A substance which may be burned to give heat or generate electricity; a nuclear sub-
stance used to generate electricity.
Gross Floor Area
The sum of areas of the several floors of the building, including basements, cellars,
mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of headroom height,
measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls
separating buildings.
Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces shall be
excluded.
The gross floor area does not include such features as pipe trenches, exterior terraces
or steps, chimneys, room overhangs, etc.
Gross Wall Area
The vertical projection of the exterior wall area bounding interior space which is con-
ditioned by an energy-using system; includes opaque wall, window and door areas.
The gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including foundation
walls above grade, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, window areas
including sash, and door areas, where such surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and
enclose a heated or mechanically cooled space, including interstitial areas between two
such spaces.
Heat
The form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a temperature difference.
Heated Space
Space within a building which is provided with a positive heat supply to maintain air
temperature of 50F or higher.
Humidistat
An instrument which measures changes in humidity and controls a device(s) for main-
taining a desired humidity.
HVAC
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning.
HVAC System
A system that provides either collectively or individually the processes of comfort
heating, ventilating and/or air conditioning within, or associated with, a building.
Illumination
The density of the luminous flux incident on a surface; it is the quotient of the
luminous flux by the area of the surface when the latter is uniformly illuminated.
Infiltration
The uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and interstices in any building
element and around windows and doors of a building, caused by the pressure effects
of wind and/or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density.
1/68988
Light Loss Factor (LLF)
A factor used in calculating the level of illumination after a given period of time and
under given conditions. It takes into account temperature and voltage variations, dirt
accumulation on luminaire and room surfaces, lamp depreciation, maintenance pro-
cedures and atmospheric conditions.
Luminaire
A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed
to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to
the power supply.
Manual
Capable of being operated by personal intervention. (See automatic)
Nondepletable Energy Sources
Sources of energy (excluding minerals) derived from incoming solar radiation including
photosynthetic processes; from phenomena resulting therefrom including wind, waves
and tides, lake or pond thermal differences;and energy derived from the internal heat
of the earth, including nocturnal thermal exchanges.
Nonresidential Building
Structures, or portions thereof, and additions to existing buildings that comply with
occupancy types other than types H, I, or J, as defined in the Uniform Building Code,
1973 Edition, or types M, R-1, or R-3, as defined in the Uniform Building Code, 1976
Edition, designed primarily for human occupancy.
Opaque Areas
All exposed areas of a building envelope which enclose conditioned space, except
openings for windows, skylights, doors and building service systems.
Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
An overall coefficient of heat gain expressed in units of Btu per hour per square foot
per degree F.
Outside Air
Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circulated through the
system.
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
A factory-selected combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
sections, intended to serve a room or zone. (For the complete technical definition,
see Std RS-10.)
Positive Heat Supply
Heat supplied to a space by design or by heat losses occurring from energy-consuming
systems or components associated with that space.
B 4,7 1768988
Power
In connection with machines, power is the time rate of doing work. In connection with
the transmission of energy of all types, power refers to the rate at which energy is
transmitted; in customary unit, it is measured in watts (W) or British thermal units per
hour (Btu/h).
Readily Accessible
Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal or inspections, without
requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or
to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. (See accessible)
Recovered Energy
Energy utilized which would otherwise be wasted from an energy utilization system.
Reflectance
The ratio of the light reflected by a surface to the light falling upon it.
Renovation
Any structural alteration or repair to a building which results in, or is likely to result
in, a fifty percent (50%) or greater increase in the replacement value of the existing
structure as determined by the County Assessor.
Reheat
The application of sensible heat to supply air that has been previously cooled below
the temperature of the conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the
introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
Reset
Adjustment of the set point of a control instrument to a higher or lower value auto-
matically or manually to conserve energy.
Residential Building (See Appendix B, Section 2 Definitions)
Roof Assembly
A roof assembly shall be considered as all components of the roof/ceiling envelope
through which heat flows, thereby creating a building transmission heat loss or gain,
where such assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a heated or mechanically
cooled space.
The gross area of a roof assembly consists of the total interior surface of such
assembly, including skylights exposed to the heated or mechanically cooled space.
When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
1. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the ceiling proper nor the
plenum space as part of the assembly; and,
2. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face of the upper plenum
surface.
"b 847 1168988
ck5
Room Air Conditioner
An encased assembly designed as a unit primarily for mounting in a window or through
a wall, or as a console. It is designed primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned
air to an enclosed space, room or zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for
cooling and dehumidification and means for circulating and cleaning air, and may also
include means for ventilating and heating.
Room Cavity Ratio (RCR)
A number related to room dimensions used in average illumination calculations.
R-Value
The reciprocal of the average overall coefficient of heat transmission in Btu's (British
thermal units) per hour. The term is applied to usual combinations of insulation
materials, as generally recognized and accepted in the building construction industry. —
Sequence
A consecutive series of operations.
Service Systems
All energy-using systems in a building that are operated to provide services for the
occupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumi-
nation, transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering or similar functions.
Service Water Heating
Supply of hot water for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort heating.
Service Water Heating Demand
The maximum design rate of energy withdrawal from a service water heating system in
a designated period of time (usually an hour or a day).
Shading Coefficient (SC)
Solar Heat Gain of Fenestration (West Elev. at 4 P.M. Sun Time, 9/21)
SC = Solar Heat Gain Unshaded DSB (West Elev. at 4 P.M. Sun Time, 9/21)
where: DS means double strength
B means grade class
Solar Energy Source
Source of thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived directly from conversion of
incident solar radiation.
System
A combination of central or terminal equipment or components and/or controls,
accessories, interconnecting means and terminal devices by which energy is trans-
formed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service water heating or
illumination.
Terminal Device
The means by which the transformed energy from a system is finally delivered; i.e.,
registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets and similar elements.
X847 1768988
q5-' 'i
Thermostat
An instrument which measures changes in temperature and controls device(s) for
maintaining a desired temperature.
Thermal Transmittance (U)
Overall coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) expressed in units of Btu per hour
per square foot per degree F. It is the time rate of heat flow. The U value applies to
combinations of different materials used in series along the heat flow path, single
materials that comprise a building section, cavity air spaces, and surface air films on
both sides of a building element.
Thermal Transmittance (U0)
Overall (average) heat transmission of a gross area of the exterior building envelope,
expressed in units of Btu per hour per square foot per degree F.
The U0 value applies to the combined effect of the time rate of heat flows through
_ the various parallel paths, such as windows, doors, and opaque construction areas,
comprising the gross area of one or more exterior building components, such as walls,
floors or roof/ceiling.
Unitary Cooling and Heating Equipment
One or more factory-made assemblies which include an evaporator or cooling coil, a
compressor and condenser combination, and may include a heating function as well.
Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies
shall be designed to be used together.
Unitary Heat Pump
One or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor conditioning coil,
compressor(s) and outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including means
to provide both heating and cooling functions. It is designed to provide the functions
of air-circulating, air cleaning, cooling and heating with controlled temperature, and
dehumidifying, and may optionally include the function of humidifying. When such
equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be
designed to be used together.
Veiling Reflections
Regular reflections superimposed upon diffuse reflections from an object that partially
or totally obscure the details to be seen by reducing the contrast. This sometimes is
called reflected glare.
Ventilation Air
That portion of supply air which comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated
air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated
space. (See Std RS-3 and Section 3 of this Code)
Work Plane
The plane at which work usually is done and at which the illumination is specified
and measured. Unless otherwise indicated, this is assumed to be a horizontal plane
30 inches above the floor.
Zone
Space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements
sufficiently similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a
single controlling device.
04-847 1768988
Section 3 Design Conditions
301.0 Design Criteria
a) The criteria of this section establish the minimum requirements for thermal
design of the exterior envelope of buildings and establish criteria for design of
the HVAC systems and their parts.
b) A building that is designed to be both heated and cooled shall meet the more
stringent of the heating or cooling requirements as provided in this Code when
requirements of the exterior envelope differ.
c) When a building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the building
shall conform to the requirements for the occupancy housed therein. Where
minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10 percent of the area of any
floor of a building, the major use shall be considered the building occupancy.
d) The design of buildings for energy conservation shall not create conditions of
accelerated deterioration from moisture condensation.
302.0 Design Parameters
The following design parameters shall be used for calculations required under this
section.
302.1 Exterior Design Conditions
Outdoor Design Temperature)
Winter Design
Dry-Bulb F
Design
Dry-Bulb F
Summer
Design
Wet-Bulb F
Degree Days Heating
Degrees North Latitude
1 The outdoor design temperature shall be selected from the columns of 97%
percent values for winter and 272 percent values for summer from the tables in
Standard RS-1. Adjustments may be made to reflect local climates which differ
from the tabulated temperatures, or local weather experience as determined
by the Building Official.
fr
„ 1768988
302.2 Interior Design Conditions
a) Indoor Design Temperature
Indoor design temperature shall be 72F for heating and 78F for cooling. Other
design temperatures may be used for equipment selection if they result in lower
energy usage.
b) Humidification
If humidification is provided during heating, it shall be designed for a maximum
relative humidity of 30 percent. When comfort air conditioning is provided, the
actual design relative humidity within the comfort envelop as defined in Std
RS-4 shall be selected for minimum total HVAC system energy use.
Exception: Special applications including, but not limited to, hospitals, labora-
tories, thermally sensitive equipment rooms, computer rooms and facilities with
open refrigerated display cases may be exempted from the requirements of this
section when approved by the Building Official.
302.3 Mechanical Ventilation
Ventilation air shall conform to Std RS-3. The minimum column value of Std RS-3 for
each type of occupancy shall be used for design. The ventilation quantities specified
are for 100 percent outdoor air ventilating systems. Reductions to 33 percent but not
less than 5 CFM per human occupant of the specified minimum outdoor air require-
ment in Section 6 of Std RS-3 for recirculating HVAC systems are permitted.
Exception: If outdoor air quantities other than those specified in Std RS-3 are used
or required because of special occupancy or process requirements, source control of
air contamination, health and safety or other standards, the required outdoor air
quantities shall be used as the basis for calculating the heating and cooling design loads.
OO*.847 1768988
9s
Section 4 Building Design by Systems Analysis and
Design of Buildings Utilizing Nondepletable Energy Sources
401.0 Design Criteria
This section establishes design criteria in terms of total energy use by a building
including all of its systems.
401.1 Energy Analysis
Compliance with this section will require an annual energy analysis. Sections 5 and 6 of
this Code establish criteria for different energy consuming and enclosure elements of
the building which, if followed, will eliminate the requirement for an annual energy
analysis while meeting the intent of this Code.
a) A building designed in accordance with this section will be deemed as complying
_ with this Code if the calculated annual energy consumption is not greater than
a similar building (defined as a "standard design") whose enclosure elements and
energy consuming systems are designed in accordance with Section 5.
b) For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design,"
it shall utilize the same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal
floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area, environmental
requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule.
c) The standard design, conforming to the criteria of Section 5 or Section 6, and
the proposed alternative design shall be designed on a common basis as specified
herein. The comparison shall be expressed as Btu input per square foot of gross
floor area per year.
d) In lieu of requiring that a "standard design" be calculated each time that an
alternate design is proposed, the Building Official may establish standard perfor-
mance criteria on a building occupancy basis for comparative evaluation of
alternate building designs. Such performance criteria shall be equal to or more
stringent than performance criteria calculated in accordance with Section 5,
or as set forth in Section 6.
e) If the proposed alternative design results in an increase in consumption of one
energy source and a decrease in another energy source (even though similar
sources are used for similar purposes), the difference in each energy source shall
be converted to equivalent energy units for purposes of comparing the total
energy used.
402.0 Analysis Procedure
The analysis of the annual energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative
building and system design shall meet the following criteria:
a) The building heating/cooling load calculation procedure used for annual energy
consumption analysis shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of
factors specified in Section 402.1.
b) The calculation procedure used to simulate the operation of the building and its
service systems through a full year operating period shall be detailed to permit
the evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors, operational char-
acteristics and mechanical equipment on annual energy usage. Manufacturer's
data or comparable field test data shall be used when available in the simulation
of all systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be based upon
8760 hours of operation of the building and its service systems and shall utilize
the design methods specified in Standards RS-1, 11, 12 and 13.
4
°a 84'7.
1168988
402.1 Calculation Procedure
The calculation procedure shall cover the following items:
a) Design Requirements
Environmental requirements as required in Section 3.
b) Climatic Data
Coincident hourly data for temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of
typical days in the year representing seasonal variation.
c) Building Data
Orientation, size, shape, mass, air, moisture and heat transfer characteristics.
d) Operational Characteristics
Temperature, humidity, ventilation, illumination and control mode for occupied
and unoccupied hours.
e) Mechanical Equipment
Design capacity, part load profile.
f) Building Loads
Internal heat generation, lighting, equipment and number of people during
occupied and unoccupied periods.
402.2 Documentation
Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for exception to the standard
design criteria, shall be accompanied by an energy analysis comparison report. The
report shall provide technical detail on the two building and systems designs and on
the data used in and resulting from the comparative analysis to verify that both the
analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Section 4 of this Code.
Exception: Proposed alternative designs for commercial and industrial structures
having an area of 5,000 square feet or less having the indoor temperature controlled
from a single point are exempted from the full-year energy analysis described in
Section 402.0(b). A comparison of energy consumption between the alternative
design and the standard design shall be provided. (For Residential, also see Appendix
B,402.2)
403.0 Buildings Utilizing Nondepletable Energy Sources
Any proposed building utilizing solar, geothermal, wind or other nondepletable energy
sources for all or part of its energy source shall meet the requirements of Section 401
of this Code, except such nondepletable energy may be excluded from the total annual
energy consumption allowed for the building by that section. To qualify for this
exclusion, such energy must be derived from a specific collection, storage and dis-
tribution system.
403.1 Solar Processes
The solar energy passing through windows shall also be considered as qualifying if such
windows are provided with:
a) Operable insulating shutters or other devices which, when drawn or closed, shall
cause the window area to reduce maximum outward heat flows to those in
accordance with Section 502.2(a) and Section 502.3.
b) The window areas are shaded or otherwise protected from the direct rays of the
sun during periods when cooling is required.
1768988
x°°847
403.2 Nocturnal Processes
This provision shall also apply to nocturnal cooling processes in lieu of energy con-
suming processes. The exclusion paragraph 403.0 shall also apply to nocturnal cooling
processes used in lieu of energy consuming mechanical cooling equipment.
403.3 Other Criteria
All other criteria covered in Sections 401 and 402 shall apply to the proposed alter-
native designs utilizing nondepletable sources of energy.
403.4 Documentation
a) Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for exception to the standard
design criteria shall be accompanied by an energy analysis, as specified in Section
402. The report shall provide technical detail on the alternative building and
system designs and on the data employed in and resulting from the comparative
analyses as to verify that both the analyses and the designs meet the criteria of
Sections 401, 402 and 403 of this Code.
b) The energy derived from nondepletable sources and the reduction in conven-
tional energy requirements derived from nocturnal cooling, shall be separately
identified from the overall building energy use. Supporting documentation, on
the basis of the performance estimates for the aforementioned nondepletable
energy sources or nocturnal cooling means, must be submitted.
c) Energy usage must be calculated in accordance with the design conditions and
methods specified in this Code.
Exception: Proposed alternative designs for all structures of less than 20,000 ft2 that
derive a minimum of 30 percent of their total annual energy usage from nondepletable
sources or from nocturnal cooling, shall be exempt from the requirement of a full year
energy system analysis providing that the annual input of such nondepletable sources,
or the extent of such nocturnal cooling can be expected to meet the demands imposed
by the proposed alternative design. Other commercial, institutional and industrial
structures that derive over 50 percent of their annual thermal requirements (heating,
cooling, service water heating) or over 30 percent of their annual total energy require-
ments from nondepletable sources shall be exempted from comparing the proposed
design to a standard design which follows the provisions of Section 401. 1. Docu-
mentation verifying the percentage of annual energy use derived from such non-
depletable sources shall be required as provided in Section 403.4.
°c847 1768988
S ;,'3
Section 5 Building Design by Component Performance Approach
501.0 General Requirements
a) All buildings that are heated or mechanically cooled shall be constructed so as to
provide the required thermal performance of the various components.
b) A building that is designed to be both heated and cooled shall meet the more
stringent of the heating or cooling requirements as provided in this Code when
requirements of the exterior envelope differ.
502.0 Building Envelope Requirements
502.1 Design Criteria
a) The stated Uo value of any assembly, such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor, may be
increased and the U0 value for other components decreased provided that the
total heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the total
resulting from conformance to the U0 values specified in Table 5-1. (For Resi-
dential, also see Appendix B, Table 5-2)
b) In addition to the criteria set forth in this section, the proposed design may take
into consideration the thermal mass, orientation and exterior color of the build-
ing components, using verified criteria developed by a recognized research
organization, in considering energy conservation when approved by the Build-
- ing Official.
502.2 Heating and Cooling Criteria (For Residential, also see Appendix B, 502.2(c))
a) Heating Criteria for Nonresidential Buildings
1. Buildings that are heated shall have a combined thermal transmittance
value (U0) of the gross area of the elements of the exterior building
envelope not exceeding the values given in Table 5-1. Equation 1 shall
be used to determine acceptable combinations of building components
and thermal properties to meet this requirement.
Table 5-1 For Nonresidential Buildings1
Element Mode Value
U0
3 Stories Heating
or Less
OTTV
Cooling
Walls U0
Over Heating
3 Stories
OTTV
Cooling
Roof/Ceiling
Heating or U0
Cooling
U0
Floors over
Heating
Unheated Spaces
Slab on Grade Heating R Value
Solar Factor Cooling
1 Values shall be determined by using the graphs (Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) using heating
degree days as specified in Section 302. 1.
847 1968988
2. Floors Over Unheated Spaces (IC
For floors of heated spaces over unheated spaces, the U0 value shall not
exceed the value given in Table 5-1.
3. Slab on Grade Floors
For slab on grade floors the thermal resistance of the insulation around
the perimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 5-1.
The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a —
minimum distance of 24 inches, or downward to the bottom of the slab
then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum total distance of
24 inches and shall be an approved type.
b) Cooling Criteria for Nonresidential Buildings
1. Walls
Any building that is mechanically cooled shall have an overall thermal
transfer value, OTTV, for the gross area of exterior walls, not exceeding
the values given in Table 5-1. Equation 2 shall be used to determine accept
able combinations of building components and thermal properties to meet
these requirements.
2. Roof/Ceiling
Any building that is mechanically cooled shall have a combined thermal
transmittance value (U0) for the roof/ceiling not exceeding that specified
in Table 5-1.
502.3 Air Leakage
The requirements of this section shall apply to all buildings and structures, or portions
thereof, and apply to those locations separating outdoor ambient conditions from
interior spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled and are not applicable to the
separation of interior conditioned spaces from each other.
a) Exterior joints around windows and door frames; openings between walls and
foundations, between walls and roof/ceilings and between wall panels; openings
at penetrations of utility services through walls, floors and roofs; and all other
such openings in the building envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weather-
stripped or otherwise sealed in an approved manner. —
b) All exterior doors and windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or
from the building envelope, and shall have air infiltration rates not exceeding
those shown in Table 5-3A. (For Residential, also see Appendix 8, Table 5-38)
Table 5-3A Allowable Air Infiltration Rates
For Nonresidential Buildings —
Windows Doors
(cfm per lin. foot
(cfm per foot of of crack)
operable sash crack)
Swinging, Sliding,
Revolving
0.5 11.0
1. When tested at a pressure differential of 1.567 lb/ft2 which is equivalent
to the impact pressure of a 25 mph wind. Windows located above three
stories shall be tested at a pressure differential of 6.268 lb/ft2 which is
equivalent to the impact pressure of a 50 mph wind.
2. Compliance with the criteria for air leakage of all types of doors shall be —
determined by Std RS-2, Standard Method of Test for Rate of Air Leakage
Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors.
o*
847
1768988
g� L{S
Equation 1 Uo = Uw Aw+ Ug Ag + Ud Ad
A
Where:
UO = the average or combined transmittance of the gross exterior wall, floor or
roof/ceiling assembly area (except slabs on grade).
A = the gross exterior wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area.
Uw = the thermal transmittance of the components of the opaque wall, floor or
roof/ceiling assembly area.
Aw = opaque wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly area.
Ug = the thermal transmittance of the glazing (window or skylight) area.
Ag = glazing area.
Ud = the thermal transmittance of the door, or similar opening.
Ad = door area.
Note: Where more than one type of wall, window, roof/ceiling, door and skylight is
used, the U and A terms for those items shall be expanded into subelements as:
Uwall1 Awalli + Uwall2 Awall2, etc.
Equation 2 OTTV = (Uw Aw TDEQ) + (Af SF SC) + (Uf AfAt)
A
Where:
OTTV = average or combined thermal transfer value.
A = gross exterior wall.
Uw = U value of opaque wall (all elements).
Aw = opaque wall area.
Uf = U value of the fenestration area.
Af = fenestration area.
TDEQ = temperature difference value (from table below).
SC = shading coefficient of the fenestration (see definitions).
At = temperature difference between exterior and interior design condition F.
SF = solar factor value.)
Note: Where more than one type of wall is used, the respective terms for those
elements shall be expanded into subelements, as:
(Uw1 Awi TDEQ1 ) + (Uw2 Aw2 TDEQ2) + etc.
Temperature Differences for use with Equation 2
Walls
Weight of
Construction
Lbs/Ft2 TDEQ Factor
0 - 25 44
26 - 40 37
41 - 70 30
71 and Above 23
l SF=Solar factor shall be determined from Std RS-9.
ocr 1768988
847
503.0 Building Mechanical Systems
Sections 503 through 507 cover the determination of heating and cooling loads, design
requirements, system and component performance, insulation of HVAC systems and
duct construction.
Exception: Special applications, including but not limited to, hospitals, laboratories,
thermally sensitive equipment rooms, computer rooms and facilities with open refrig-
erated display cases may be exempted from these requirements when approved by the
Building Official.
503.1 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads
a) The design parameters specified in Section 3 shall apply for all computations.
Heating and cooling design loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems shall
be determined in accordance with one of the procedures described in Chapters
21 or 22 of Std RS-1 or an equivalent computation procedure.
b) Infiltration for heating and cooling design loads shall be calculated for non-
residential buildings by the procedures in Chapters 19, 21, and 22 of Std RS-1.
(For Residential,also see Appendix B, 503.1(b))
504.0 Design of Mechanical Systems
504.1 Energy Recovery
Consideration shall be given to the use of recovery systems which will conserve energy
provided the amount expended is less than the amount recovered when the energy
transfers potential and the operating hours are considered.
504.2 Controls
a) Temperature Control
Each HVAC system shall be provided with at least one thermostat for the
regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be limited as follows:
1. Where used to control heating only, a maximum temperature of 75F.
2. Where used to control cooling only, a minimum temperature of 70F.
3. Where used to control both heating and cooling, it shall have a maximum
high temperature setting of 85F and a minimum low temperature setting
of 55F and shall be capable of operating the system heating and cooling —
in sequence. It shall be adjustable to provide a temperature range of up to
10F between full heating and full cooling, except as allowed in Section
504.7 (a) 3b. _
b) Humidity Control
If an HVAC system is equipped with a means for adding moisture to maintain
specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, a humidistat shall be
provided. This device shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from
being used to produce space relative humidity above 30 percent relative
humidity. Where a humidistat is used in a HVAC system for controlling moisture
removal to maintain specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, it
shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being used to produce a
space relative humidity below 60 percent relative humidity.
Exception: Special occupancies requiring different relative humidities may be per- —
mitted by the Building Official.
1768988
X847 9i=97
c) Zoning for Temperature Control in Nonresidential Buildings
(For Residential, also see Appendix B, 504.2(e))
At least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be provided
for:
1. Each separate HVAC system.
2. Each separate zone as defined in Section 2. As a minimum each floor of a
building shall be considered as a separate zone. In a multi-story building
where the perimeter system offsets only the transmission losses of the
exterior wall, an entire side of uniform exposure may be zoned separately.
A readily accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling input to each floor.
d) Control Setback and Shut-off in Nonresidential Buildings
(For Residential, also see Appendix B, 504.2(1))
— Each HVAC system shall be equipped with a readily accessible means of shutting
off or reducing the energy used for HVAC during period of non-use or alternate
uses of the building spaces or zones served by the system. The following are
examples that meet this requirement:
1. Manually adjustable automatic timing devices.
2. Manual devices for use by operating personnel.
3. Automatic control systems.
504.3 Balancing
The HVAC system design shall provide means for balancing the air and water systems
including, but not limited to, dampers, temperature and pressure test connections and
balancing valves.
504.4 Energy for Air Delivery
The air transport factor for each all-air HVAC system shall not be less than 4.0. The
factor shall be based on design system air flow for constant volume system. The factor
for variable air volume systems may be based on average conditions of operation.
Energy for transfer of air through heat recovery devices shall not be included in deter-
mining the factor; however, such energy shall be included in the evaluation of the
effectiveness of the heat recovery system.
Space Sensible Heat Removal*
Air Transport Factor =
(Supply + Return Fan(s) Power Input)*
*Expressed in Btu/h
504.5 Mechanical Ventilation
Each mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system shall be equipped with a
readily accessible means for either shut-off or volume reduction and shut-off when
ventilation is not required.
504.6 Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer Cycle)
Each fan system shall be designed to use up to and including 100 percent of the fan
system capacity for cooling with outdoor air automatically whenever its use will result
in lower usage of new energy. Activation of economizer cycle shall be controlled by
sensing outdoor air enthalpy and dry-bulb temperature jointly or outdoor air dry-bulb
temperature alone or alternate means approved by the Building Official.
sti 1768988
Exception: Cooling with outdoor air is not required under any one or more of the
following conditions: —
1. Fan system capacity less than 5,000 ft3/min or 134,000 Btu/h total cooling
capacity.
2. The quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to require extensive treatment of
the air and approval by the Building Official.
3. The need for humidification or dehumidification requires the use of more
energy than is conserved by the outdoor air cooling.
4. The use of outdoor air cooling may affect the operation of other systems so as
to increase the overall energy consumption of the building.
5. Internal/external zone heat recovery or other energy recovery is used.
6. Annual heating degree days are less than 2500.
7. When all space cooling is accomplished by a circulating liquid which transfers
space heat directly or indirectly to a heat rejection device such as a cooling tower
without the use of a refrigeration system.
504.7 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling —
Simultaneous heating and cooling by reheating or recooling supply air or by concurrent
operation of independent heating and cooling systems serving a common zone shall be
restricted as delineated below.
a) General Requirements
1. Recovered energy, provided the new energy expended in the recovery
process is less than the amount recovered, may be used for control of
temperature and humidity. (New energy is defined as energy, other than
recovered energy, utilized for the purpose of heating or cooling.)
2. New energy may be used to prevent relative humidity from rising above
60 percent for comfort control or to prevent condensation on terminal
units or outlets, or functioning of special equipment. New energy may be
used for temperature control if minimized in accordance with Sections
504.7(a)3 through 504.7W).
3. Concurrent operation of independent heating and cooling systems serving -
common spaces and requiring the use of new energy for heating or cooling
shall be minimized by one or both of the following:
a. By providing sequential temperature control of both heating and
cooling capacity in each zone.
b. By limiting the heating energy input through automatic reset control
of the heating medium temperature (or energy input rate) to only
that necessary to offset heat loss due to transmission and infiltration
and, where applicable, to heat the ventilation air supply to the space.
Exception: A multiple zone HVAC system that employs reheating or recooling
for control of not more than 5,000 ft3/min, or 20 percent of the total supply air
of the system, whichever is less, shall be exempt from the supply air temperature
reset requirement of Section 504.7/b) through (d).
176$988
X847
b) Reheat Systems
Systems employing reheat and serving multiple zones, other than those employ-
ing variable air volume for temperature control, shall be provided with control
that will automatically reset the system cold air supply to the highest tempera-
ture level that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air. Single zone reheat
systems shall be controlled to sequence reheat and cooling.
c) Recooling Systems
Systems in which heated air is recooled, directly or indirectly, to maintain space
temperature shall be provided with control that will automatically reset the
temperature to which the supply air is heated to the lowest level that will satisfy
the zone requiring the warmest air.
d) Dual Duct and Multi-zone Systems
For systems with multiple zones, one or more zones may be chosen to repre-
sent a number of zones with similar heating/cooling characteristics. Dual duct
and multi-zone systems shall be provided with control that will automatically
reset:
1. The cold deck air supply to the highest temperature that will satisfy the
zone requiring the coolest air; and
2. The hot deck air supply to the lowest temperature that will satisfy the zone
requiring the warmest air.
505.0 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements
The requirements of this section apply to equipment and mechanical component per-
formance for heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. Where equipment
efficiency levels and Standard Rating Conditions are specified, data furnished by the
equipment supplier or certified under a nationally recognized certification program
or rating procedure shall be used to satisfy these requirements. Where components
from more than one manufacturer are assembled into systems regulated under this
section, compliance shall be shown as specified in Sections 505.1 through 505.5
herein.
505.1 Heat Pumps, Heating Mode
a) Definitions
Coefficient of Performance (COP) Heating is the ratio of the rate of net heat
output to the rate of total energy input, expressed in consistent units and under
designated rating conditions.
Rate of net heat output shall be defined as the change in the total heat
content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (not including supple-
mentary heat).
Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all
elements, except supplementary heaters, of the heat pump, including, but not
limited to, compressor(s), pump(s), supply-air fan(s), return-air fan(s), outdoor-
air fan(s), cooling-tower fan(s), and the HVAC system equipment control circuit.
o°4
e 847 1768988
b) Requirements
Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely electric shall show a Coefficient of
Performance (COP) Heating not less than the values shown in Table 5-4.
These requirements apply to, but are not limited to unitary heat pumps (air
source and water source) in the heating mode and to heat pumps in the packaged
terminal air-conditioner and room air-conditioner forms in the heating mode.
c) Supplementary Heater
1. The heat pump shall be installed with a control to prevent supplementary
heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone.
2. Supplementary heater operation is permitted during transient periods such
as start-ups, following room thermostat set-point advance, and during
defrost.
3. A two-stage thermostat, which controls the supplementary heat on its
second stage, shall be accepted as meeting this requirement. The cut-on
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-on
temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off temperature for
the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-off temperature for
the supplementary heat. Supplementary heat may be derived from any
source of electric resistance heating or combustion heating.
505.2 Combustion Heating Equipment
a) Definitions
Combustion efficiency is defined as 100 percent minus stack losses in percent
of heat input. Stack losses are:
1. Loss due to sensible heat in dry fuel gas.
2. Loss due to incomplete combustion.
3. Loss due to sensible and latent heat in moisture formed by combustion of
hydrogen in the flue.
b) Requirements
All gas and oil fired comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum com-
bustion efficiency of 75 percent at maximum rated output.
505.3 Electrically Operated Systems Equipment, Cooling Mode
a) Definitions
Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling is the ratio of the rate of net heat
removal to the rate of total energy input, expressed in consistent units and
under designated rating conditions.
Rate of net heat removal shall be defined as the change in the total heat
content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without reheat).
Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all
elements of the equipment, including but not limited to, compressor(s),
pump(s), supply-air fan(s), cooling-tower fan(s), and pump(s), and the HVAC
system equipment control circuit.
ec,pK4,7 1768988
_ t�
-Ls-
b) Requirements
HVAC system equipment as listed below whose energy input in the cooling
mode is entirely electric, shall show a Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling
not less than values shown in Table 5-5. These requirements apply to but are not
limited to, unitary cooling equipment (air-cooled, water-cooled and evapora-
tively-cooled), the cooling mode of unitary heat pumps (air source and water
source), packaged terminal air conditioners, and room air conditions.
Exception: These requirements do not apply to equipment used in areas having
open refrigerated food display cases.
505.4 Electrically Operated Systems Components, Cooling Mode
a) Definitions
Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling is the ratio of the rate of net heat
removal to the rate of total energy input, expressed in consistent units and
under designated rating conditions.
Rate of net heat removal is defined as the difference in total heat contents
of the water or refrigerant entering and leaving the component.
Total energy input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all
elements and accessories of the component, including, but not limited to:
Compressor(s), internal circulating pump(s), condenser-air fan(s), purge, and
the HVAC system component control circuit.
b) Requirements
HVAC system components, as listed in Table 5-6, whose energy input is entirely
electric, shall show a Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling not less than
the values shown in Table 5-6.
505.5 Heat Operated Systems Equipment,Cooling Mode
a) Definitions
Coefficient of Performance (COP) Cooling is the ratio of the total net cooling
-- output to the total heating input (electrical auxiliary inputs excluded).
b) Requirements
Heat operated cooling equipment shall show a COP Cooling not less than the
values shown in Table 5-7. These requirements apply to but are not limited to,
absorption equipment, engine driven equipment and turbine driven equipment.
506.0 Insulation of HVAC Systems
506.1 Air Handling Duct Systems
All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall be thermally
insulated as follows:
a) All duct systems, or portions thereof, shall be insulated to provide a thermal
resistance, excluding film resistances of:
R = �5 (h) (F) (ft2)/Btu
where At = the design temperature differential between the air in the duct and
the surrounding air in F.
b) Additional insulation with vapor barriers shall be provided to prevent condensa-
tion, unless it can be shown that condensation is not a problem.
449#130 1168988
Exception: Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not
required in any of the following cases: (For Residential,also See Appendix 8, 506.1)
1. Where At is 25F or less.
2. Supply or return air ducts installed in unventilated crawl spaces with
insulated walls.
3. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not in-
crease the energy requirements of the building.
4. Within HVAC equipment.
5. Exhaust air ducts.
506.2 Piping
a) Standard Insulation
All piping installed to service buildings and within buildings shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 5-8, except as stated herein (for service
water heating systems see Section 508). Insulation thicknesses in Table 5-8
are based on insulation having thermal resistance in the range of 4.0 h F ft2/Btu
to 4.6 h F ft2/Btu per inch of thickness on a flat surface at a mean temperature
of 75F.
b) Optional Insulation
Minimum insulation thickness shall be increased for materials having R values
less than 4.0, or may be reduced for materials having R values greater than 4.6
as follows:
For materials with thermal resistance greater than R=4.6, the minimum insula-
tion thickness may be reduced as follows:
4.6 x Table 5-8 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
For materials with thermal resistance less than R=4.0, the minimum insulation
thickness shall be increased as follows:
4.0 x Table 5-8 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
c) Vapor Barriers —
Insulation with vapor barriers shall be provided to prevent condensation, unless
it can be shown that condensation is not a problem.
Exception: Piping insulation is not required in any of the following cases:
(For Residential,also see Appendix 8, 506.2)
1. Piping installed within HVAC equipment.
2. Piping at temperatures between 55F and 120F when not required for
energy conservation purposes.
3. When the heat loss and/or heat gain of the piping, without insulation,
does not increase the energy requirements of the building.
84'7 1'7689-88
507.0 Duct Construction
All duct work shall be constructed and erected in accordance with Stds RS-15, RS-16,
RS-17, RS-18, RS-19 and RS-20, as applicable to the mechanical code of the juris-
diction. (Optional provision maybe used by agencies that have adopted a mechanical
code that includes duct construction standards.)
a) High-pressure and medium-pressure ducts shall be leak tested in accordance
with the applicable reference standards in Section 7 with the rate of air leakage
not to exceed the maximum rate specified in that standard.
b) When low pressure supply air ducts are located outside of the conditioned space,
all transverse joints shall be sealed using mastic or mastic-plus tape. For fibrous
glass ductwork, pressure sensitive tape may be used.
c) Automatic or manual dampers installed for the purpose of shutting off outside
air intakes for ventilation air shall be designed with tight shut-off characteristics
to minimize air leakage.
47 1'76&9s8
Table 5-4 Minimum COP for Heat Pumps, Heating Model
Source and Outdoor
Temperature (F) Minimum COP
Air Source - 47 dB/43WB 2.2
Air Source - 17 dB/15WB 1.2
Water Source - 60 Entering 2.2
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9A.
Table 5-5 Minimum EER and COP for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating and
Air Conditioning System Equipment — Cooling)
Standard Rating Capacity EER COP
Under 65,000 Btu/h
(19,050 watts) 6.1 1.8
65,000 Btu/h
(19,050 watts and over) 6.8 2.0
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-98.
Table 5-6 Minimum COP and EER for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating and
Air Conditioning System Components)
Condensing Air Water Evaporator
Component Means EER COP EER COP EER COP
Centrifugal 7.5 2.2 12.9 3.8
Self-contained Positive
Water chillers Displacement 7.2 2.1 10.9 3.2
Condenserless Positive
Water chillers Displacement 8.9 2.6 10.9 3.2
Compressor and
Condenser units Positive
65,000 Btu/h Displacement 7.8 2.3 11.3 3.3 11.3 3.3
(19,050 watts
and over)2
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9C.
2Ratings in accordance with Std RS-14 as applicable. COP based on condensing unit
Standard Rating Capacity and energy input to the unit, all at sea level —
iii 1768388
(5 5
Table 5-7 Minimum COP for Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning
System Heat Operated Cooling Equipment
Heat Source Minimum COP
Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.40
Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.65
Table 5-8 Minimum Pipe Insulation
Insulation Thickness in Inches for Pipe Sizes
Fluid Run-
Temper- outs 1" 116 2'h 5" 8"
ature up to and to to to and
Piping System Types Range, F 2"l less 2" 4" 6" larger
Heating Systems
Steam and Hot Water
High Pressure/Temp 306-450 11/2 1'/2 2 2'/2 31/2 31/2
Med. Pressure/Temp 251-305 11/2 1'/2 2 2'/2 3 3
Low Pressure/Temp 201-250 1 1 1'/z 11/2 2 2
Low Temperature 120-200 Yz '/a 1 1 1 11/2
Steam Condensate
(for Feed Water) Any 1 1 1 11/2 11/2 2
Cooling Systems
Chilled Water 40-55 h /2 '/a 1 1 1
Refrigerant, or
Brine Below 40 1 1 1% 11/2 11/2 11/2
1 Runouts not exceeding 12'in length to Individual Terminal Units.
Table 5-9A HVAC System Heating Equipment (Heat Pumps)
Standard Rating Conditions
Conditions Type Air Source Water Source
Air Entering Equipment F 70 db 70 db 70 db
Outdoor Unit Ambient F 47 db/43 wb 17 db/15 wb —
— Entering Water Temp F 60
Water Flow Rate — — as used in
cooling mode
NL
134'7 1768988
°l5
Table 5-9B HVAC System Equipment
Standard Rating Conditions — Cooling
Temperatures
db wb Inlet Outlet
Air Entering Equipment F 80 67 — —
Condenser Ambient F 95 75 — —
(Air Cooled)
Condenser Water F — — 85 95
(Water Cooled)
Standard Ratings are at sea level.
Table 5-9C Applied HVAC System Components
Standard Rating Conditions — Cooling
Centrifugal or
Self-Contained Condenserless
Reciprocating Reciprocating
Item Water-Chiller Water-Chiller
Leaving Chilled Water Temp F 44 44
Entering Chilled Water Temp F 54 54
Leaving Condenser Water Temp F 95 —
Entering Condenser Water Temp F 85 —
Non-Ferrous Tubes * 0.0005 0.0005
Fouling Factor, Water *
Steel Tubes * 0.0010 0.0010
Fouling Factor, Refrigerant * 0.0000 0.0000
Condenser Ambient (Air or
Evap. Cooled) F 95 db/75 wb —
Compressor Water Cooled or
Saturated (Evap. Cooled) F — 105
Discharge
Temperature Air Cooled F 120
Standard Ratings are at sea level.
*h ft2 F/Btu
ecils 847 1768958
508.0 Service Water Heating
a) Hot water for domestic, sanitary and swimming pool purposes shall be generated
and delivered in a manner conducive to saving heat energy.
b) The purpose of this section is to provide criteria for design and equipment
selection that will produce energy savings when applied to service water heating.
508.1 Performance Efficiency of Water Heaters, Storage Tanks, Boilers and Piping
a) Electric Storage Water Heaters
All automatic, electric storage water heater(s) shall have a stand-by loss not
exceeding 4 W/ft2 of tank surface area when tested in accordance with Std
RS-6 or RS-7.
b) Gas and Oil Fired Storage Water Heaters
All gas and oil fired automatic storage water heaters shall have a recovery
efficiency (Er) not less than 75 percent and a stand-by loss percentage (S) not
exceeding:
S = 2.3 + 67/V
where
V = rated volume in gallons
when tested in accordance with Std RS-7.
Exception: In utilizing Std RS-7 to test oil-fired units CF= 1.0; Q equals total
gallons of oil consumed;and H equals total heating value of oil in Btu/gal.
c) Insulation
Heat loss from unfired hot water storage tanks shall be limited to a maximum of
15 Btu/h ft2 of external tank surface area. The design ambient temperature
shall be no higher than 65F.
d) Combination Service Water Heating/Space Heating Boilers
Service water heating equipment shall not be dependent on year round operation
of space heating boilers (that is, boilers that have as another function winter
space heating).
Exception: Exempt from these requirements are systems with service/space
heating boilers having a stand-by loss Btu/h less than:
13.3 pmd+400
n
pmd=probable maximum demand in gallons/hour as determined in accordance
with Chapter 11 of Std RS-11.
n = fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9F.
The stand-by loss is to be determined for a test period of 24 h duration while
maintaining a boiler water temperature of 90F above ambient.
•847 168988
508.2 Temperature Controls
a) Service water heating systems shall be equipped with automatic temperature
controls capable of adjustment from the lowest to the highest acceptable
temperature settings for the intended use.
b) A separate shutdown switch shall be provided to permit turning off the energy
supplied to electric service water heating systems. A separate valve shall be
provided to permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s) of all
other types of service water heating systems.
508.3 Swimming Pools that Are Integral Components of Buildings
a) Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with controls to limit heating water
temperatures to no more than 80F.
Exception: Pools used for therapeutic purposes are exempt from this require-
ment when approved by the Building Official.
b) Uncovered (unenclosed) heated pools shall be controlled so that the electric or
fossil-fueled pool water heating systems are inoperative whenever the outdoor
air tempeature is below 60F.
508.4 Pump Operation
Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that the circulating pump(s) can be
conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the hot water system is not
in operation.
508.5 Pipe Insulation
For recirculation systems, piping heat loss shall be limited to a maximum of 25 Btu/h
ft2 of external pipe surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35 Btu/h ft2
of external pipe surface for underground piping. Maximum heat loss shall be deter-
mined at a At equal to the maximum water temperature minus a design ambient
temperature no higher than 65F.
508.6 Conservation of Hot Water
a) Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow control
devices to limit total flow to a maximum of 3 gpm per shower head.
b) Lavatories in restrooms of public facilities shall:
1. Be equipped with outlet devices which limit the flow of hot water to
a maximum of 0.5 gpm.
2. Be equipped with devices which limit the outlet temperature to a maximum
of 110F.
3. Be equipped with self closing valves that limit delivery to a maximum of
0.25 gallons of hot water.
509.0 Electrical Distribution Systems —
(For Residential,also see Appendix B, 509.5)
Electrical distribution systems shall be designed for efficient distribution of electrical
energy from the service entrance to the points of use. —
1768988
847 .s --
509.1 Power Factor
Utilization equipment, rated greater than 1,000 W and lighting equipment greater than
15 W, with an inductive reactance load component, shall have a power factor of not
less than 85 percent under rated load conditions. Power factor of less than 85 percent
shall be corrected to at least 90 percent under rated load conditions. Power factor
corrective devices, installed to comply with this Code, shall be switched with the
utilization equipment, except where this results in an unsafe condition or interferes
with the intended operation of the equipment.
509.2 Service Voltage
Where a choice of service voltages is available, a computation shall be made to deter-
mine which service voltage would produce the least energy loss, and that voltage shall
be selected.
509.3 Voltage Drop
In any building, the maximum total voltage drop shall not exceed 3 percent in branch
circuits or feeders, for a total of 5 percent to the furthest outlet based on steady state
design load-conditions.
509.4 Lighting Switching
Switching shall be provided for each lighting circuit, or for portions of each circuit, so
that the partial lighting required for custodial or for effective complementary use with
natural lighting may be operated selectively.
510.0 Lighting Power Budget
The lighting power budget for the building shall be the sum of the power limits corn-
-- puted for all lighted interior and exterior spaces and shall be determined in accordance
with the procedures specified in this section.
510.1 Definitions
A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the power to be available to provide the
lighting needs in accordance with a given set of criteria and given calculation procedure.
510.2 Criteria for Calculations
a) The criteria specified below shall be utilized for computation of the lighting
power budget. All calculations shall be in accordance with Section 510.5.
b) When insufficient information is known about the specific use of the building
space (e.g., number of occupants, space function, location of partitions), the
budget shall be based on the apparent intended use of the building space.
510.3 Building Interiors
The allowable electric power for lighting shall be established by using the criteria and
the calculation procedures specified in Section 510.5. The value shall be based on the
use for which the space within the building is intended and on efficient energy
utilization.
a) Illumination Level Criteria
For the purpose of establishing a budget, levels of illumination shall be those
listed in Std RS-8. Those levels shall be used as follows:
•
4;91404.. 1 s"*sae
95-(pb
1. Task Lighting
In most cases, the levels of illumination listed are for specific tasks. These
levels are for the task areas defined in Std RS-8, or, where not defined, at
all usable portions of task surfaces. In some cases, the levels of illumination
are listed for locations. These levels are to be considered as average levels.
2. General Lighting
In areas surrounding task locations, the average level of general lighting, for
budget purposes only, shall be one-third the level for the tasks performed
in the area but in no case less than 20 foot-candles. Where more than one
task level occurs in a space, the general level shall be one-third the weighted
average of the specific task levels.
3. Non-Critical Lighting
In circulation and seating areas where no specific visual tasks occur, the
average level of illumination shall be one-third of the average general light-
ing in the adjacent task spaces but in no case less than 10 foot-candles. —
b) Lighting System Criteria
For the purpose of establishing a power budget, only lamp efficacies and Co-
efficients of Utilization (CU), specified in Table 5-10, shall be assumed. —
Exception:
1. The criteria of Section 510.3 shall not apply to the following areas when —
calculating the load: (For Residential,also see Appendix B, 510,3)
a. Theater auditoriums, entertainment, audiovisual presentations and
motion picture and television studios where the lighting is an essential —
technical element for the function performed.
b. Public spaces including lobbies,halls, stairways, basement areas and
utility rooms. —
2. The criteria of 510.3 shall not apply to the following lamps and luminaires;
however, their use shall be accounted for in the calculation of task lighting _
loads for specific tasks. The allowable load shall be based on the luminaire
wattage to achieve the levels of illumination as covered in 510.3 using a
point calculation method given in Std RS-8.
a. Luminaires for medical and dental purposes.
b. Luminaires for highlighting applications, such as sculpture exhibits,
art exhibits and individual items of display merchandise. —
c. Luminaires for specialized lighting applications (color matching, where
electrical interference cannot be tolerated,etc.).
3. The criteria of Table 5-10(c) shall not apply in spaces where it is impracti-
cal to control reflectance and where a dirty atmosphere cannot be avoided.
Where this condition exists, the values for reflectances and light loss factors
shall be those expected to be found and shall be approved by the Building
Official. The calculation shall make note of this deviation.
X849 1768.988
510.4 Building Exteriors
In exterior spaces, the lighting power budget shall be based on the use for which the
space is intended (for task performance, safety or security) and on efficient energy
utilization.
a) Criteria
The same criteria as those for interior spaces apply for illumination levels and
lighting systems with the addition of luminaires for floodlighting. For power
budget purposes luminaires shall have a greater percentage of their beam lumens
restricted to the area to be lighted and have minimum efficiencies at least as
great as those listed in Std RS-8.
b) Facade Lighting
Facade lighting for budget purposes shall be no greater than 2 percent of the
total interior load of the building.
c) Calculation Procedure
In establishing a lighting power budget the following procedures shall be used:
1. Overhead Lighting
The procedure specified in Section 510.3 shall be followed for overhead
lighting, but using reflectances as.found.
2. Floodlighting
The beam lumen method as shown in Std RS-8 and a Coefficient of Beam
Utilization (CBU) of 0.75 shall be used for floodlighting calculations.
510.5 Calculation Procedure
To establish a lighting power budget, the following procedure shall be used:
a) Determining Illumination Levels and Areas
1. Determine the visual tasks that are expected to be performed in each space
(the commonly found tasks at each work station) and the number of
planned work locations where tasks will be performed. If assumptions are
made, their bases shall be indicated.
2. Select the illumination level in foot-candles for those expected tasks in
accordance with Section 510.3(a)1.
3. Calculate total task areas to be illuminated to the same level by multiplying
the number of work locations by 50 ft2 per work location. (Total task area
shall not exceed actual total space area.) If actual task area is greater than
50 ft2, the actual area shall be used. If special task lighting or localized
lighting is to be employed, use the actual task areas and point calculation
procedures.
4. Calculate the level of general lighting by multiplying the task lighting
level by one-third, where there is only one task level, or by taking one-third
of the sum of the products of the task levels (2) and their areas (3) divided
by the total task areas in accordance with Section 510.3(a)2.
5. Calculate the level of non-critical lighting in accordance with Section
510.3(a)3.
6. For area determinations of general and non-critical lighting calculations
shall be based on Std RS-8.
itor
84'7
176 988
61
b) Determining Lighting System Data
1. Determine light source and luminaire types to use.
2. Determine lamp lumens per watt and luminaire coefficients of utilization
for room and luminaire mounting height dimensions. Luminaire CUs shall
be selected from Std RS-8 or manufacturers data for types not found in
Std RS-8. In all cases, no luminaire shall have a CU for RCR = 1 of less
than that given in Table 5-10(b). Lamp efficacies shall be those listed in
Table 5-10(a).
c) Determining Allowable Wattage
1. Using data from (b) above, the illumination levels and areas determined in
(a), and the criteria of Table 5-10(c), calculate the allowable wattages using
the lumen method.
2. Calculate the total space wattage by adding the task, general and noncritical
lighting loads.
3. Add the wattage of luminaires allowed in Section 510.3, Exception 2. —
Table 5-10A Lamp Efficacies
The following are initial lumen output per watt input, including ballast losses:
Application Lumens per Watt
Where moderate color rendition is appropriate 55
Where good color rendition is appropriate 40
Where high color rendition is appropriate, spaces are less
than 50 ftz or where use of low wattage High Intensity
Discharge (HID) lamps under 250 W or fluorescent lamps
under 40 W is appropriate 25 —
Table 5-108 Luminaire Coefficients of Utilization (CU)
Coefficients of utilization (CUs) are to be for luminaires for use in the types of
spaces listed below, and those luminaires shall have a CU of no less than that
listed below (for each type space) for a Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) of 1 and
reflectances as in (c) below.
Minimum CU
Space Use (at RCR = 1)
For spaces with tasks subjected to veiling reflections
(where design levels of illumination are listed in terms
of equivalent sphere illumination (ESI) and where
visual comfort is important. 0.55
For spaces without tasks, or with tasks not subjected
to veiling reflections, but where visual comfort is _
important. 0.63
For spaces without tasks and where visual comfort
is not a criterion. 0.70 —
847 1768988
95a3
Table 5-10C Reflectances and Light Loss Factors
Light Loss
Interior Spaces1 Reflectance Factor
Ceiling Cavity 80 percent
Wall 50 percent 0.70
Floor Cavity 20 percent
l For interior spaces, initial cavity and surface reflectances shall be shown.
kr847 1768988
Section 6 Building Design by Acceptable Practice
601.0 Scope
The requirements contained in this section are applicable only to buildings less than
five thousand square feet in gross floor area and three stories or less in height. The
provisions of this section are limited to nonresidential buildings that are heated only.
Buildings constructed in accordance with this section are deemed to comply with this
Code. (For Residential,also see Appendix 6, 601.0)
602.0 Building Envelope Requirements
602.1 Design Criteria
a) The various wall, roof and floor assemblies in Tables 6-1A, B and C, 6-2 and 6-3
are typical and are not intended to be all inclusive. Other assemblies may be
used provided documentation is submitted indicating the thermal transmittance
value of the opaque section. Such documentation shall be in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.
b) The proposed design may take into consideration the thermal mass, orientation
and exterior color of the building components, using verified criteria developed
by a recognized research organization in considering energy conservation when
approved by the Building Official.
602.2 Thermal Transmittance Values (For Residential, also see Appendix 6, 602.2)
a) Walls
The opaque above-grade exterior wall section (Uw) shall be selected from Table
6-1A, B or C for the combined thermal transmittance value (U0 value), not
exceeding the value specified for walls in Table 5-1.
The U„i,value selected shall be determined by the use of Charts 6-A or 6-B and
Table 6-1 and based upon the glazing area of the wall.
b) Roof/Ceiling
The roof/ceiling assembly shall be selected from Table 6-2 for the thermal
transmittance value not exceeding the value specified for roof/ceiling in
Table 5-1.
c) Floors over Unheated Spaces
The floor section over an unheated space shall be selected from Table 6-3 for
the thermal transmittance value (U0 value) not exceeding the value specified
for floors in Table 5-1.
d) Slab on Grade Floors
For slab on grade floors, thermal resistance (R) of the insulation around the
perimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 5-1. The
insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum
distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of the slab then horizontally
beneath the slab for a minimum total distance of 24 inches.
602.3 Air Leakage
a) Windows and Doors
All windows and doors shall be labeled as conforming to the air infiltration
rates specified in Section 502.3(b) and Standard RS-2.
effr
847 1'76988
b) Caulking
Exterior joints around windows and door frames; openings between walls and
foundations, between walls and roof and between wall panels; openings at
penetrations of utility services through walls, floors and roofs; and all other such
openings in the building envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped
or otherwise sealed in an approved manner.
603.0 Building Mechanical Systems
603.1 Design Requirements
a) All HVAC devices, components and their elements shall conform to the require-
ments of this section.
b) Systems other than combustion heating equipment and unitary cooling and
heating equipment regulated from a single point of control shall be designed
in accordance with the requirements of Section 5 of this Code.
c) Each heating system shall be provided with at least one thermostat for the
regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be limited as follows:
1. Where used to control heating only, a maximum temperature of 75°F.
2. Where used to control cooling only, a minimum temperature of 70°F.
603.2 Performance Requirements
a) Heating and Mechanical Cooling Equipment
The requirements of this section apply to equipment and component perfor-
mance. Equipment shall be rated in accordance with Section 505.0. All heating
and mechanical cooling equipment shall meet the required efficiency factor
specified herein or in Tables 6-4, 6-5, 6-6 and 6-7, for the specific type of device.
b) Combustion Heating Equipment
All gas and oil fired comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum com-
bustion efficiency of 75 percent at maximum rated output. Combustion
efficiency is defined as 100 percent minus stack losses in percent of heat input.
Stack losses are:
1. Loss due to sensible heat in dry flue gas.
2. Loss due to incomplete combustion.
3. Loss due to sensible and latent heat in moisture formed by combustion of
hydrogen in the flue.
603.3 Pipe Insulation
All piping installed to serve buildings or within buildings shall be thermally insulated in
accordance with Table 6-8, except as stated in Section 506.2
603.4 Duct Construction
All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall be constructed and
thermally insulated in accordance with Section 507.0.
8417 1' 68988
604.0 Service Water Heating
604.1 General Requirements for Water Heaters, Storage Tanks, Boilers and Piping:
a) Water heating storage tanks, boilers and piping for all water heating systems shall
be installed in accordance with Section 508.0.
b) Water heaters shall be labeled as meeting the efficiency requirements of Section
508.1.
604.2 Temperature Controls
a) Service water heating systems shall be equipped with automatic temperature
controls capable of adjustment from the lowest to the highest acceptable tem-
perature settings for the intended use.
b) A separate shut down switch shall be provided to permit turning off the energy
supplied to electric service water heating systems. A separate valve shall be
provided to permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s) of all
other types of service water heating systems.
604.3 Swimming Pools that Are Integral Components of Buildings
a) Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with controls to limit heating water
temperatures to no more than 80°F.
Exception: Pools used for therapeutic purposes are exempt from this require-
- ment when approved by the Building Official.
b) Uncovered (unenclosed) heated pools shall be controlled so that the electric
or fossil-fueled pool water heating systems are inoperative whenever the out-
door air temperature is below 60°F.
604.4 Pump Operation
Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that the circulating pump(s) can be
conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the hot water system is not
in operation.
604.5 Insulation
For recirculation systems piping heat loss shall be limited to a maximum of 25 Btu/h
ft2 of external pipe surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35 Btu/h ft2
of external pipe surface for underground piping. Maximum heat loss shall be deter-
mined at a At equal to the maximum water temperature minus a design ambient
temperature of no higher than 65°F.
��� 1'766988
wry
604.6 Conservation of Hot Water
a) Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow control
devices to limit total flow to a maximum of 3 gpm per shower head.
b) Lavatories in restrooms of public facilities shall conform to the requirements
of Section 508.6W).
605.0 Electrical Power and Lighting
The electrical power distribution and lighting systems shall conform to the require-
ments of Sections 509.0 and 510.0. For Residential, also see Appendix 6, 605.0.
,O 847 1768988
Table 6-4 Minimum COP for Heat Pumps, Heating Model
Source and Outdoor
Temperature (F) Minimum COP
Air Source — 47 db/43 wb 2.2
Air Source — 17 db/15 wb 1.2
Water Source — 60 Entering 2.2
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9A.
Table 6-5 Minimum EER and COP for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating
and Air Conditioning System Equipment — Cooling)
Standard Rating Capacity EER COP
Under 65,000 Btu/h (19,050 watts) 6.1 1.8
65,000 Btu/h (19,050 watts and over) 6.8 2.0
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-98.
Table 6-6 Minimum COP for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating
and Air Conditioning System Components)
Condensing Air Water Evaporator
Component Means EER COP EER COP EER COP
Centrifugal 7.5 2.2 12.9 3.8
Self-contained Positive
Water chillers Displacement 7.2 2.1 10.9 3.2
Condenserless Positive
Water chillers Displacement 8.9 2.6 10.9 3.2
Compressor and
Condenser units
65,000 Btu/h
(19,050 watts Positive
and over)2 Displacement 7.8 2.3 11.3 3.3 11.3 3.3
1 When tested at the Standard Rating Conditions specified in Table 5-9C.
2Ratings in accordance with ARI Standard 520-74, Section 6 and Table 4, Group 1 or
2 as applicable. COP based on condensing unit Standard Rating Capacity and energy
input to the unit,all at sea level.
1768988
cit
Table 6-7 Minimum COP for Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning
System Heat Operated Cooling Equipment
Heat Source Minimum COP
Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.40
Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.65
Table 6-8 Minimum Pipe Insulation
Insulation Thickness in Inches for Pipe Sizes
Run-
Fluid outs 1" 1%" 2'/2" 5" 8"
Piping System Temperature up to and to to to and
Types Range, F 2"1 Less 2" 4" 6" Larger
Heating Systems
Steam& Hot Water
High Pressure/Temp 306-450 1'/2 1'/ 2 2'/z 3'/2 31/2
Med Pressure/Temp 251-305 11/2 11/2 2 21/2 3 3
Low Pressure/Temp 201-250 1 1 11/2 11/2 2 2
Low Temperature 120-200 1/2
'/a 1 1 1 11/2
Steam Condensate
(for Feed Water) Any 1 1 1 1'/2 1'h 2
Cooling Systems
Chilled Water 40-55 /z '/z /a 1 1 1
Refrigerant,
or Brine Below 40 1 1 1'/s 1'h 1'/z 1'/z
1 Runouts not exceeding 12'in length to Individual Terminal Units.
e) 1768988
847 q5- 76
CHART 6-A
Uo U Values for Opaque Walls
0.45 . ■ i 4 I / 1 / I I A . A . 4 AT 4
I:/ /■ fr Am/ a■IKaR#FA#/■..j■I.■■FAU.SIrA■/, '.__4. .irAsso.Ar�►A�Ir• r.. .//■■
■/ .r� /ri■ a# /I/ ■nI /■■►,/■ INI:r■#r►/ .■r'.■r'.■ A/■• I s■■■■#
..NN 1r' WISP%■■■?N■r•..■ NOMPAW/■■#/%■PANWA■#'I■1! TI im�O�I■ H
HH/r'1J r U�!I■■/M■r'■■#//rr'Nr•i/■/I,a■I, //Irk r1�/r%r/,U I/' ■�
OM
Nir■flr' MOMP-,AA■_�■■.a.■F%m■/►l�ANSOUMr■►./i►/ 4Si INV SP4.'.l i . ■
■/1l's'.or,.#TI!■rASSIMP//■r• ■ .■■I/ r'a■■F ■ra .lirA /I Mr■/■/■
/■■M//M�`RR'/v.�i■■VAM��./■i/%OMI.I/// OI■■'.■S#V.Air�a` AMrI/A/■� AIM /■//■
■rA■r■ 'I!N': . N%t■► ■■/d�/' r'w/rPi■/1' ■r' r' // r .� ■/
0.40 1��1h1 11:1 � %11t41,T.�415%114 Iril��i a1 AU 1 _
■r.dl ' E�iiyOR %ir/P4■rr.a.r! ri■ . ► ■/% L/,.� ■..■
►. ► iiir.. !'Ar�■r►: :■r• ■►4 •r►% ■T P . �AI■YU'/'J" /■■/ ..
rr■•l.d ■ ►■■►'.rt6 11 /I/ rdUU�a■■riplai,a■ilr p�a r ■'.UI = ■■■
•
=, r,i■/,:, .//i,a r../■►.■■■.,I■u■■► wa a/. ' .mr.■r% ■ / _
� ��/ i1U!4m•a►` "�`r'�3#�/I/r-.�aw►aar lta �a/ra .i i�iirs �i r MOMS„Iiii�
■II I■ l a
0.35ligil7r-,1971
411 . AI P - �:�3 � iiril . 1. �. ,�
.r. ►� �1 1W1 1
1U,/.■■I,d■1AKIO �■r/., .rar.r! #■/. ■r►i■■ • a
IMOMMINE
,.. . /r. ■/• .N//�I/�■• orm r�/.a/N•iLVJ' .■ I/h minIIIPAINA,491111410/4 .4111 .1 A ■ / _
II• SBNS
AS =iirr•:s/rA'SNA c•IISy�.isnAaainii��r'u'�ri' irliii■i.m NNANFAM u/ air■■ii i� moms
�I■ Pa■■.a#Urw•iPAUUYai z.+�'f►I■Ri■r
0.30 •a ►. r%. :n RI .w�. I■r r' B ■■■■■/ ■ -
OM
. . . ar �r/ira/�,�: 4.a:a .s■Ire.r mU■■/.■ _ _
SSU ►I■ ■ ,Aii► /m.■1�'..►.�' �' a/ 1ior� i�// /
tea/ ■► .■/■► I/I �Nil:'r" ■/ WOEi --1----7,___ii'� Ili ■► ./ urpri ��ym■ ■n■■ t ��
0.25 r r" .214.0915016 1r.ar • marripsworA4 1 _ III. 1 _.
11.1110
,. 1. •.Are .i-....L.t.L4I; .. "111V
.11.10-075i,,Fr , ittairligl:
gor
0.20 1 / 11l=I .i.._+ Pima
. nisf,iir Ararinf-E• I :. ____
il 1111 _. + �.11
.i •.` �.i/r ,l� i� �■■ /■ ■ ■ noon , ■■ .
��■•efrI//'. .a�ri■■iri� / ■ —`.T I- �r■■rr - i-t-
•,, ■s��' ix r wa' ■ Ir ir■ ■ #■ �i■ - i •�...■/ ..
uita 55P �►.,,a !■■./■r■/■ *■/■ H■■ / . ■■ i//
IW//.■//%U;I. rI /■ii��i���■ .. ■/#r� ■■/m.r■UU ._�`.' " •iU7P*.'ajar
mn ii.:_
ra.Aii� Erma m.�a m ■ , 4_ �r • '. t. =Urn . �■ .. ■
0.15 •0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Glass, percent of wall surface1
Combinations of Wall and Single-Glazed Openings — for Use with Section 602.2(a)
1One-half the opaque door area shall be included in the total glazed openings area.
494841 1'768988
CHART 6-B
U0 U Values for Opaque Walls
0.45 w ■� ■ _ nr - �. ■ _■.,
rte- _ _ ■■ _ ■ w■e�
■ o 1
0.40 ■4. I = ®.
• r ■ ,
Ea
:: 'r #: %ii&
t t- I I I N
.44
r
f r
0.25 ' • ',!� � _1 1-_ t t r 4
rte ,. tg- _
. , ' .. � 4,14tt--- 'lit ( t : rhh1t
-r I I_r rf- I 4-t 4. w
0.20 f Iwii 4.t. ,-4- it- I +t, l - + r I , + -
li } f r It ' 1144 1 I f i I
r I i r
' ■ I Y F t_ , ^—Yom+ +rte Y ft f 0.15 _�■ .� I H ■- 't`I- F ` i t t t t `r t' t' t tt -' •r t I ttt'ti-
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Glass, percent of wall surfacel
Combinations of Wall and Double Glazed Openings — for Use with Section 602.2(a)
l The total area of opaque doors shall be included in the glazed openings area.
O°XL 1768988
e
847 `/o
Section 7 Standards
701.0 The Standards, and portions thereof, which are referred to in various parts of this Code
shall be part of the Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation
Standards for Nonresidential Buildings and are hereby declared to be part of this Code.
(For Residential,also see Appendix B, 701.0)
Std No. Title and Source
RS-1 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
RS-2 Standard method of test for rate of Air Leakage through Exterior
Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors. Specification E283-73 of the
ASTM; Specifications for Aluminum Windows, ANSI A134.1;
Specifications for Aluminum Sliding Glass Doors, ANSI A134.2;
Industry Standard for Wood Window Units, NWMA IS-2; and
Industry Standard for Wood Sliding Patio Doors, NWMA IS-3.
RS-3 ASH RAE Standard 62-73
Natural and Mechanical Ventilation.
RS-4 ASH RAE Standard 55-74
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
RS-5 (Not Used)
RS-6 Household Automatic Electric Storage-Type Water Heaters, ANSI
C72.1-72.
RS-7 Gas Water Heaters, Volume III, Circulating Tank, Instantaneous and
Large Automatic Storage-Type Water Heaters, ANSI Z21.10.3-74.
RS-8 IES Lighting Handbook, 5th Edition, Illuminating Engineering
Society.
RS-9 Charts and graphs from ASH RAE Standard 90-75 (included herein).
RS-10 Standard for Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, ARI Standard
310-70.
RS-11 1973 ASH RAE Handbook and Product Directory, Systems Volume.
RS-12 Energy Calculations I: Procedures for Determining Heating and
Cooling Loads for Computerizing Energy Calculations — Algorithms
for Building Heat Transfer Subsystems, 1975.
RS-13 Energy Calculations II: Procedures for Simulating the Performance
of Components and Systems for Energy Calculations, 1975.
RS-14 Standard for Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressor and
Condensing Units, ARI Standard 520-74.
RS-15 1975 ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory, Equipment
Volume.
RS-16 Residential Heating and Air Conditioning Systems — Minimum
Installation Standards, NESCA/SMACNA, August 1975.
RS-17 Low Velocity and Duct Construction Standards, 4th Edition,
SMACNA, 1969.
1.768988
eV- WO
RS-18 High Velocity Duct Construction Standards, 2nd Edition, SMACNA,
1969.
RS-19 Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards, 3rd Edition, SMACNA,
1972.
RS-20 Pressure Sensitive Tape Standards, SMACNA, 1973.
ANSI refers to the American National Standards Institute, Inc.
ARI refers to the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute.
ASH RAE Refers to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASTM refers to American Society for Testing and Materials.
di'
co 84`7 1968988
,S-ice
Foreword Recommended Energy Conservation "Performance" Code for New Construction
and Renovation of Residential Buildings
Background and Applicability
_ The Residential Building Energy Conservation Act of 1977 (Senate Bill 159) is similar
to the Nonresidential Standards Act (Senate Bill 432) in some provisions, but it is
significantly different in a few major aspects. The Residential Energy Conservation Act
contains four specific minimum insulation or energy-conservation measures which all
local governments having building codes programs were to adopt, conform to, or
exceed through design or other means, by October 1, 1977.
The Residential Act also encourages, rather than mandates, that local governments
adopt"performance"standards as alternatives to the specific minimum standards con-
tained in the Residential Act.
In August 1977, the Director of the Division of Housing appointed a seven-member
Residential Energy Conservation Code Advisory Committee to develop for the State
Housing Board model"performance"standards for energy conservation in the con-
struction and renovation of residential buildings. Public hearings on the recommended
residential"performance"standards were held by the industry/public Advisory Com-
mittee in conjunction with the hearings conducted by the Nonresidential Board.
After considering all comments made at the public hearings and all comments received
in writing regarding the residential "performance" standards, the Advisory Committee
forwarded, and the State Housing Board adopted by resolution November 18, 1977,
the "Recommended Energy Conservation"Performance"Code for New Construction
and Renovation in Residential Buildings"for consideration by all local governments.
The State Housing Board's resolution notes the fact that its residential Energy Con-
servation"Performance"Code is a recommended model code; nevertheless, it is very
practical for local jurisdictions to adopt the residential standards as a complement to
local nonresidential standards which must be adopted by law.
The recommended Energy Conservation"Performance"Code for New Construction and
Renovation in Residential Buildings is not to be confused with the mandatory pre-
scriptive standards contained in S.B. 159, which were effective October 1, 1977.
The State Housing Board recommends this Residential"Performance"Code be adopted
for use in residential construction, type H and I occupancy as defined in the Uniform
Building Code, 1973 edition, and type R-1 and R-3 occupancy as defined in the
Uniform Building Code, 1976 edition.
When using Appendix B, the Recommended Residential "Performance" Code, the
reader must note that Appendix B and portions of the Nonresidential Code apply to
residential buildings, as they are defined in Section 2.
edth-849 1768988
� 5
,1/4„ _t ))
Senate Bill No. 159, 1977
By Senators Schieffelin, Corner, Cooper, L. Fowler, Gallagher, Groff, Holme, D.
Sandoval, Stewart, and Woodard; also Representatives Hilsmeier, Baca-Barragan,
DeMoulin, Dittemore, Frank, Orten, Reeves, Spano, Wayland, Witherspoon, and
Zakhem.
Concerning residential building energy conservation
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:
Section 1 Title 6, Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as amended, is amended by
the addition of a new article to read:
Article 7 Residential Building Energy Conservation
Part 1, General Provisions
6-7-101 Short title
This part 1 shall be known and may be cited as the "Residential Building Energy Con-
servation Act of 1977."
6-7-102 Legislative declaration
1) The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
_ a) The energy resources of this state and the nation are essential to the pre-
servation of the public health, welfare, and safety and to the maintenance
of a healthy economy;
b) The conservation and efficient use of said energy resources are necessary
if the quality of life in this state is to be maintained and continued;
c) The purpose of this part 1 is to provide minimum uniform statewide
insulation standards to achieve energy conservation in the construction
and renovation of residential buildings and to encourage energy conserva-
tion by other means in the construction and renovation of residential
buildings, recognizing that such energy conservation by insulation or other
means must be life cycle cost-effective in order to minimize the adverse
impact on residential life-styles and to continue to strive to make reason-
ably priced housing available to all residents of this state;
d) The general assembly recognizes the technological improvements
developed by the home-building industry in connection with energy
conservation for residential buildings and wishes to encourage continued
technological improvement by the home-building industry in order to
exceed the insulation energy conservation standards contained in this
part 1;
1768988
Qr WTI
5 _
e) It is the further purpose to establish a process which will result in the
development of residential energy conserving performance standards by —
September 1, 1977. Such standards shall consider all uses of energy gen-
erated by fossil fuels, used within a dwelling, including energy used for
lighting, cooking, appliances, maintenance of air temperature, heating
water and the energy lost through the building, ceiling, walls, and exhaust —
pipes.
6-7-103 Definitions
As used in this part 1, unless the context otherwise requires:
1) Local government
means a county or municipality and may be used to refer to the governing body --
thereof or the area under the jurisdiction of said governing body.
2) Municipality
means any home rule city, town, or city and county, statutory city or town,
territorial charter city, or municipal corporation which incorporated pursuant
to territorial or general incorporation law and which has not reorganized.
3) Renovation
means any structural alteration or repair to a residential building which results
in, or is likely to result in, a fifty percent or greater increase in the value of the
building. —
4) Residential building
includes living units of not more than two stories or multifamily dwellings not
to exceed three stories above grade on which construction or renovation com-
mences on or after July 1, 1977.
5) R-value
means the reciprocal of the average overall coefficient of heat transmission in
Btu's (British thermal units) per hour. The term is applied to usual combina-
tions of insulation materials, as generally recognized and accepted in the resi-
dential building construction industry.
6-7-104 Exemptions from this part 1
The standards set forth in this part 1 shall not apply to the design and construction or
renovation of private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings, tanks, factory-
constructed housing, and towers.
6-7-105 Insulation standards and energy conserving alternatives
1) Minimum insulation standards for residential buildings on which construction or
renovation commences on or after July 1, 1977, shall be as follows: --
a) Insulation having a minimum R-value of eleven shall be used in all exterior
walls contiguous to unheated areas above grade.
b) Insulation having a minimum R-value of nineteen shall be used in all
exterior ceilings of heated areas above grade.
c) All windows above grade shall be double-glazed.
d) All exterior doors or doors leading to unheated areas above grade shall be
weather-stripped and sliding glass doors shall be double-glazed.
2) Computations submitted by a licensed architect or engineer that the total energy
required in a residential building, through design or otherwise, equals or is less
than the total energy used if the dwelling is built or renovated according to
standards contained in subsection (1) of this section shall be considered an
30147 1768988
qp- 97
acceptable alternative for conformance with the prescriptive standards set forth
in subsection (1) of this section. The total energy required shall be computed as
-- the annual estimated Btu's necessary to heat, cool, and light the proposed resi-
dential building. For purposes of this calculation, the exterior walls shall consist
of no more than the equivalent of twenty percent doors and windows.
6-7-106 Building permits
1) No building permit shall be issued for the construction or renovation of any
residential buildings in any area under the jurisdiction of a local government on
or after October 1, 1977, unless such construction or renovation will conform to
the provisions of this part 1. The local building inspector shall inspect all places
not inspected by the division of housing pursuant to part 7 of article 32 of
title 24, C.R.S. 1973, to determine whether such places are in compliance with
the insulation standards required by this part 1.
2) Nothing in this part 1 shall be construed to restrict or limit the authority of a
county or municipality to adopt and enforce standards for efficient construction
and renovation which are no less stringent than the standards contained in
section 6-7-105. Any county or municipality adopting such standards may
accept computations submitted by a licensed architect or licensed engineer that
the design of the proposed building meets or exceeds the locally-adopted energy
efficiency standards.
Section 2 24-32-705(1)
Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as amended, is amended by the addition of a new
paragraph to read:
24-32-705 Functions of division
1) k) To provide training and technical assistance to counties and municipalities
which have building codes in the development of energy efficiency con-
struction and renovation performance standards by such local govern-
ments.
Section 3 Effective date
This act shall take effect July 1, 1977.
Section 4 Safety clause
The general assembly hereby finds, determines, and declares that this act is necessary
for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, and safety.
(4144,049 AS a
Fred E. Anderson Ronald H. Strahle
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
of Representatives
Ot4te,antel
Marjo e L. Rutenbeck Lorraine F. Lombardi
Secretary of the Senate Chief Clerk of the House
of Representatives
9 �S
NVSlLt , 1C7Z t)0
Approved Rich. rd D. Lamm
Govei nor of the State of Colorado
e� 847 1768988
Section 1 Scope and General Requirements
101.0 Title
These standards shall be known as the Colorado Recommended Energy Conservation
"Performance"Code for New Construction and Renovation of Residential Buildings, and
may be cited as such. It will be referred to herein as the "Code."
101.1 Purpose
The preceding Colorado Model Energy Efficiency Construction and Renovation
Standards for Nonresidential Buildings has been written to comply with Senate Bill
432 of 1977;however, much of the body of the Nonresidential Code is applicable to
residential construction. This Appendix contains exceptions to code provisions that
apply only to residential buildings (occupancy types H, I, R-1 or R-3). The following
provisions for residential buildings are designed to be completely compatible with the
Nonresidential Code. In fact, both can be integrated into a single construction and
renovation code for all buildings at the discretion of the local adopting authority.
103.0 Scope
This code sets forth minimum requirements for the design of new buildings and struc-
tures or portions thereof and additions to existing buildings that provide facilities or
shelter for occupancy types H or I, as defined in Uniform Building Code, 1973 edition,
or occupancy types R-1 or R-3, as defined in the Uniform Building Code, 1976 edi-
tion (residential occupancies); regulating their exterior envelopes and selection of their
HVAC, service water heating, electrical distribution and illuminating systems, and
equipment for effective use of energy. Buildings shall be designed to comply with the
requirements of either Sections 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
Exception: The statutory definitions of"residential"and "nonresidential"buildings
do not include new construction or renovation of hotels, motels, or apartment
buildings over three stories. Local governmental entities are strongly encouraged to
include hotels, motels, and apartment buildings over three stories in their locally
adopted energy conservation building code.
Section 2 Definitions
Residential Building
Structures, or portions thereof, and additions to existing buildings that provide facili-
ties or shelter for occupancy types H or I, as defined in the Uniform Building Code,
1973 edition, or occupancy types R-1 or R-3, as defined in the Uniform Building Code,
1976 edition.
Section 4 Building Design by Systems Analysis and Design of Buildings Utilizing Nondepletable
Energy Sources
402.2 Documentation
Exception: Proposed alternate designs for single family dwellings are also exempt
from the full year energy analysis.
Section 5 Building Design by Component Performance Approach
O� ' 1'76$3813
is- 7=%
502.2 Heating and Cooling Criteria
c) Heating and Cooling Criteria for Group R Residential Buildings
For the purposes of this Code, Group R-Residential Buildings shall include:
Type A-1, Detached one- and two-family dwellings;
Type A-2, All other residential buildings, three stories or less in height.
1. Any residential building as herein defined that is heated or mechanically
cooled shall have a combined thermal transmittance value (U0) of the
gross area of the elements of the exterior building envelope, not exceeding
the value given in Table 5-2. Equation 1 shall be used to determine accept-
able combinations of building components and thermal properties to meet
this requirement.
Table 5-21 For Residential Buildings
Type A-1 Type A-2
Buildings Buildings
Element Mode U0 U0
Walls2 Heating or
Cooling
Roof/Ceiling3 Heating or -
Cooling
Floors over Heating or
Unheated Spaces Cooling
Slab on Grade Heating R Value R Value
1 Values shall be determined by using the graphs (Figures 1, 2,and 5) contained in Std
RS-9,using heating degree days as specified in Section 302.2.
2Walls: The requirements for locations with less than 500 heating degree days shall be:
a. No maximum U0 if building is heated only.
b. If the building is to be mechanically cooled when built, or if provision is
made for the future addition of mechanical cooling, the maximum U
for walls shall be 0.30 Btu/h ft2°F. _
3The combined thermal transmittance (U0) for roof/ceilings shall not exceed
0.05 Btu/h ft2 F for geographic areas with 8,000 or less Fahrenheit Heating Degree
Days and shall not exceed 0.04 Btu/h ft2 F for geographic areas with more than
8,000 Fahrenheit Heating Degree Days. Roof/ceiling assemblies in which the
finished interior surface is the underside of the roof deck may have a maximum
U0 value of 0.08 Btu/h ft2 F. Equation 1 shall be used to determine acceptable
combinations to meet the required Uo values.
4
OO 847 1768958
y Ko
2. Floors Over Unheated Spaces
For floors of heated or mechanically cooled spaces over unheated spaces,
the U0 value shall not exceed the value given in Table 5-2.
3. Slab on Grade Floors
For slab on grade floors, the thermal resistance of the insulation around
the perimeter of the floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 5-2.
The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a
minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of the slab
then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum total distance of
24 inches and shall be an approved type.
502.3 Air Leakage
Table 5-3B Allowable Air Infiltration Rates
For Residential Buildings
Windows Doors
(cfm per foot (cfm per square foot of door area)
of operable
sash crack) Sliding Glass
(Patio Type)
0.5 0.5
503.1 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads
b) Infiltration calculations for heating and cooling design load for one- and two-
family dwellings may use the methods identified in Std RS-1 or other accepted
engineering practice.
504.2 Controls
e) Zoning for Temperature Control in Residential Buildings
1. One- and Two-Family Dwellings
At least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be pro-
vided for each separate HVAC system. In addition a readily accessible
manual of automatic means shall be provided to partially restrict or shut
off the heating and/or cooling input to each zone or floor.
2. Multi-Family Dwellings
For multi-family dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall be con-
sidered separately and shall meet the above requirements. Spaces other
than living units shall meet the requirements of Section 504.2(c).
f) Control Setback and Shutoff for Residential Occupancy Groups
One- and Two-Family and Multi-Family Dwellings
The thermostat required in 504.2(e) 1 and 2, or an alternate means including
but not limited to, a switch or clock, shall provide a readily accessible, manual
or automatic means for reducing the energy required for heating and cooling
during periods of non-use or reduced need including, but not limited to, un-
- occupied periods and sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set points to reduce
energy consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy to be expended
to reach the reduced setting.
BOOK
1768988
' /
506.1 Air Handling Duct Systems Insulation
Exception, Continued
6. Supply or return air ducts installed in unventilated crawl spaces with insulated
walls, basements or cellars in one- and two-family dwellings.
506.2 Piping Insulation
Exception, Continued
4. Piping, installed in unventilated crawl spaces with insulated walls and basements
or cellars in one-and two-family dwellings.
509.5 Electric Energy Determination
In all multi-family dwellings provision shall be made to determine the energy consumed
by each tenant by separately metering individual dwelling units.
Exception: Motels, hotels,and dormitories are exempt from these requirements.
510.3 Building Interiors, Lighting Criteria
Exception, Continued
1. c) Portions of residential occupancies except for kitchens,bathrooms, laundry
areas and public spaces including lobbies, halls,stairways, basement areas
and utility rooms.
d) Residential type spaces (similar to c. above) in institutions such as
hospitals,hotels, funeral homes,churches,museums, etc.
Section 6 Building Design by Acceptable Practice
601.0 Scope
The requirements contained in this section are applicable only to buildings less than
five thousand square feet in gross floor area and three stories or less in height. The
provisions of this section are limited to residential buildings that are heated and/or
mechanically cooled and to other buildings that are heated only. Buildings constructed
in accordance with this section are deemed to comply with this code.
602.2 Thermal Transmittance Values
This section applies to both residential buildings and nonresidential buildings. For
residential construction use Table 5-2 in lieu of Table 5-1 to record U0 values for
building components.
603.1 Design Requirements
d) Zoning for Temperature Control
1. In one- and two-family dwellings at least one thermostat for regulation
of space temperature shall be provided for each separate HVAC system.
In addition, a readily accessible manual or automatic means shall be pro-
vided to partially restrict or shut off the heating or cooling input to each
zone or floor.
Exception: Non-conditioned basements and garages.
U'F
p 847 1768985
`5 fl.
2. For multi-family dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall be con-
- sidered separately and shall meet the requirements of Section 603.1(d).
Spaces other than living units shall meet the requirements of Section
504.2(c).
e) Control Setback and Shutoff
For one- and two-family and multi-family dwellings, the thermostat required
in 1 and 2 above, or an alternate means such as a switch or clock, shall provide
a readily accessible, manual or automatic means for reducing the energy required
for heating and cooling during periods of non-use or reduced need including but
not limited to, unoccupied periods and sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set
points to reduce energy consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy
to be expended to reach the reduced setting.
605.0 Electric Power and Lighting
Exception: One- and two-family detached dwellings and the dwelling portion of
multi-family buildings are exempt from the requirements of Section 510.
Section 7 Standards
Those standards applicable to residential construction that are listed in Section 7 of the
Nonresidential Code, are hereby declared part of the Colorado Recommended Energy
Conservation"Performance"Code for New Construction and Renovation of Residential
Buildings.
ecJ 1768988
S- 3.
Figure 1
U0 Walls — Group R Buildings
Type R buildings shall include:
A-1. Detached one and two family dwellings
A-2. All other residential buildings three stories or less including but
not limited to, multi-family dwellings, hotels and motels.
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(in thousands)
O�"
9, MI 1768988
Figure 2
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All Buildings
10.0
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1768988
��84'7 q� 8 .
Figure 3
U0 Walls — Heating
Nonresidential Buildings
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847
1' 68988
Figure 4
U0 — Roofs and Ceilings
Nonresidential Buildings
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O`-
(6° 847 1768988
Figure 5
U0 Values — Floors over Unheated Spaces
All Buildings
0.50 r
0.40 i1
N 0.30 ,� I j ,to
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(in thousands)
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847 176'18988
q'. 82
Figure 6
Overall Thermal Transfer Value — Walls Cooling
Nonresidential Buildings
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39 i__ is'iiii =m= .�ss�■■ ■i■i�i■ ■����a� ,.t ■
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38 : ■■�■�■.i .■.B_llhi mm mm' mm MO . 4 Ell imill.uniiiiumusuilo mull A. I l
O MIME
37 irides m :_i:_ . mM/mm
3C m m MOO "e 11 IBIlli ■■s■■■ L. , ' ■ , t ■
t I l
4-
i I
s 35 ■mu t , .■ 3 , , tt. .
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m .■■■■■
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■ ii ■ ,..t..wsu t. ■urns Smas■■ 11
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it. 33 ll . I._ ' kill 1 - ctowhiumerum . „ f ,
O Arlip Eml... :
AMMO MOO
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IWO _ �f ,_� ,
31 inowrammmum inn14 k 4'4 —
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30 _illiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiii
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29 ummmmmm5IIIimmmuI'I� mmmmmmiUUmmmm mI �..m
umuss■s ■ ■■■■■+mauuaau■■smmi sari ■ ■ -
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28 1
20 30 40 50 60
Degrees North Latitude —
84 7 1768988 -
Figure 7
Solar Factor (SF) Values
All Buildings
150 . - q�
rt_ ■ #■■■ • ■ ■ti■#■/■■NMI
• _ ■ g _ r#r _. C� i --
130 44frr
1-i. .1:-_,. l _ ��-C --trt±4.7 • - --•-4- •
4. _� is
.... -.-T
c� trrl r _.
u- 120 li t I + I I ,i______4._III I rlr ^,
aY/�ZI , L — }.#■ tom . ■ -t...."--141.42.:
C/) �� t___4_— � ��- .,.1 tJ--.-.1 1 -.�.
._.[..t..iii.=4.t. . . 1 _t=t_t_.
' if I 1 ---.+4-1-1 . 1..:11:_..... I(": -hi. _....._ZIE . 4--r—rfr. ---
110 _ _
. --f , _i ji. tt
�-__._ __I' _-
-
f"-___,-T
1-T _,-1--1_
100 20 , --77-1. --j-1---r,--Rtt"24 Tit:tn I ttH"---- --
30 40 50 60
Degrees North Latitude
1°-8417 176898s
91'96
Table 6-1A Wall Assemblies
Uw selected shall not exceed the U0 determined by Section 602.21a) for any
wall section.
Note: Details shown are for insulation and are not complete construction details.
Wall Details R Value of Uw
Insulation
Typ. interior finish Typ. exterior finish
1. Gypsum wallboard 1. Stucco
2. Lath and plaster 2. Wood or plywood siding
3. 3/8" min. wood paneling 3. Brick veneer
7 .12
Interior Finish
See Schedule
Exterior Finish 11 .09
See Schedule
— o
Insulation 14 .07
2
Section 19 .05
Exterior Finish 4 .15
-a See Schedule
0 Air Space 6.25 .11
Interior Finish Rigid Insulation
See Schedule 8 .09
10 .08
Plan View 12.5 .06
Exterior Finish 7 .12
See Schedule
Interior Finish 11 .08
See Schedule
c
0
14 .06
0
2 Insulation
4+
Section 19 .05
0
a
n, Exterior Finish 4 .15
See Schedule
d
cis) Air Space or •
Insulation 6.25 .11
Insulation
8 .09
C
10 .08
Plan View 12.5 .06
-
„,004-SO 1768 .88
Ci5- 9i
Table 6-1B Wall Assemblies
Uw selected shall not exceed the U0 determined by Section 602.2(a) for any
wall section.
Note: Details shown are for insulation and are not complete construction details.
Wall Details R Value of Uw
Insulation —
I nterior finish 1/2" gypsum board on furring strips
� " 6"
No insul. .37
I Block
e Loose fill
Block in cores .18 —
B No insul. .34
Insulation
;� Block
0 ' I Loose fill
in cores .14
e�la 4" Block No Insul.
o ! r `s (no int. fin.) .25
3 Ext. Finish �q I Int. I i I Int.
Fin. Finish Loose fill —
c ! I in cavity .14
U Block Block — 1 .1 No insul.
t ® 9 with int. fin. .19 —
'! Insulation
o g
Air Space g Loose fill in
cavity with
int. finish .11
p No insul.
int. finish .23
int. • Int. Loose fill in _
Finish "t,, Finish cores with
int. finish .12
Block Rigid 1"rigid glass
—pj Insul. fiber insul. _
Insulation int. finish .14
R7insul.
with int. fin. .10 _
Masonry Construction
to* 1768988
cry- 9
Table 6-1C Wall Assemblies
Uw selected shall not exceed the U0 determined by Section 602.2(a) for any
wall section.
Note: Details shown are for insulation and are not complete construction details.
Wall Details R Value of Uw
Insulation
Interior finish '/2" gypsum board on furring strips
Solid grout
in space .38
2"space with
loose fill R:4 .16
Brick
Brick 4"space with
2 �/l� . � loose fill R$ .10
c - a
Loose Fill
U
- c
0
4 .12
Interior
Finish
6.25 .09
Brick
7 .09
Insulation
11 .07
4" Min ° Interior 4 .18
Finish
41.
6.25 .13
Normal Wt.
c Concrete
go 7 .12
2 - Insulation
— o
11 .08
•
m
d a 4 .17
_ c
Ua° Interior
6.25 .12
Light Wt.
Concrete
7 .11
Qo
Insulation
11 .08
•
847 ,
ll€S988
7 5 -;".3'
Table 6-2 Roof/Ceiling Assemblies /
Ur Selected shall not exceed the value specified in 602.2(b).
Note: Details shown are for insulation and are not complete construction details.
Roof Details R Value of Ur
Insulation
Typical interior finish schedule
1. Gypsum wallboard 2. Lath and plaster
11 .09
Clg. Joist
14 .07 -
Insulation
19 .05
Rafters Ceiling Finish
See Schedule 22 .04
30 .03
Air Space & 11 .08
Ventilation Built-up Roof
Desirable I Sheathing
14 .06
Clg.Jsts.
or Rafters IAN 19 .05
22 .04
Insulation Clg. Finish
See Schedule 30 .03
CATHEDRAL TYPE CEILING
Built-up Roof Wood deck'g
Rigid Insulation_ •:r � 9.5 .08
Plywood
•
10.5 .08
Beam \ Wood or Plywood
Sheeting
1. Skylites not exceeding one percent of the roof area are permitted.
1768988
ti 47 c()67_ _,/
Table 6-3 Floor Assemblies
Uf selected shall not exceed the U0 specified in Section 602.2(c).
Floor Details R Value of Uf
Insulation
Insulation Sub-Floor No insulation .32
4 .15
7 .11
11 .08
Floor Joist Floor Girder
6.25 .12
rak
���, 1768988
(ac
Residential Energy Conservation Code Advisory Committee
Orville Anderson
Architect
1424 Brentwood Street
Lakewood, CO 80215
Myron W. Black
Black Gold (Insulation), Ltd.
845 South Jason
Denver, CO 80223
Clinton Cator, P.E.
Cator, Ruma and Associates
1550 Dover Street, Suite 2
Lakewood, CO 80215
Howard B. Glet
Attorney at Law
1040 Capitol Life Center
16th Avenue and Grant Street
Denver, CO 80203
Ronald Lehr
Attorney at Law
1524 Vine Street
Denver, CO 80206
Woody Leigh
Midland Federal Savings Assn.
7502 West 80th Avenue
Arvada, CO 80003
Dwayne Longenbaugh
Dolores Water Conservancy Dist.
P. O. Box 1117
Cortez, CO 81231
Henry Norman
Heritage Homes, Inc.
1587 York Road
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
*Perry C. Tyree
Regional Building Official
101 West Costilla
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
*Chairman
Hello