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ral Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
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Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation , waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal , State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local , and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951 ).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding . Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U .S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin , age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation , genetic information , political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program . (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc. ) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W. , Washington , D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3
Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 7
Soil Map 8
Legend 9
Map Unit Legend 10
Map Unit Descriptions 10
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12
19—Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 12
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes 13
49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 14
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 15
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes 16
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 18
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 19
Soil Information for All Uses 21
Soil Reports 21
Building Site Development 21
Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 21
Land Classifications 23
Prime and other Important Farmlands 24
Soil Chemical Properties 25
Chemical Soil Properties 25
Soil Physical Properties 29
Engineering Properties 29
References 34
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length , and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they were formed . Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
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Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research .
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded . These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented . Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
6
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
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in Map Scale: 1:120,000 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters o
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N 0 1500 3000 6000 9000 $
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Feet
0 5000 10000 20000 30000
Map projection: Web Mercator Comer coordinates: WG584 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WG584
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Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOl) -# Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1 :24,000.
Area of Interest (AOl) > Stony Spot
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Soils Very Stony Spot measurements.
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Wet Spot
:... Soil Map Unit Lines Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Other Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov
p Soil Map Unit Points Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
•- Special Line Features
Special Point Features
V Blowout Water Features Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
Streams and Canals projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
!y4 Borrow Pit distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Transportation
X Clay Spot Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate
4-F+ Rails calculations of distance or area are required.
0 Closed Depression
ti Interstate Highways
X Gravel Pit US Routes This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
the version date(s) listed below.
*• Gravelly Spot
• Major Roads
Landfill Local Roads Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Lava Flow Survey Area Data: Version 13, Sep 23, 2014
Background
Marsh or swamp Aerial Photography Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1 :50,000
ft Mine or Quarry or larger.
® Miscellaneous Water Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 22, 2011—Apr 13,
Q Perennial Water 2012
v Rock Outcrop The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
+ Saline Spot compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
Sandy Spot of map unit boundaries may be evident.
o Severely Eroded Spot
® Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
0o Sodic Spot
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (CO618)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
19 Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 1 .7 3.0%
percent slopes
38 Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 0.0 0.0%
percent slopes
49 Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent 3.2 5.6%
slopes
69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent 9.0 15.9%
slopes
70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent 14.6 25.8%
slopes
72 I Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent 6.1 10.8%
slopes
73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent 22.0 38.8%
slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 56.7 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used .
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
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Custom Soil Resource Report
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation . Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
19—Colombo clay loam , 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 361v
Elevation: 4,600 to 4,780 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Colombo and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Colombo
Setting
Landform: Terraces, flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stratified, calcareous alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 14 inches: clay loam
H2 - 14 to 21 inches: stratified loam to clay loam
H3 - 21 to 60 inches: stratified sand to loam to clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.60 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: Clayey plains (R067BY042CO)
Minor Components
Nunn
Percent of map unit 5 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Heldt
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Dacono
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362j
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 145 to 190 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Nelson and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Nelson
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 9 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 30 to 34 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Thedalund
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Terry
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
49—Osgood sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362x
Elevation: 4,680 to 4,900 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Osgood and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Osgood
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian sands
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 22 inches: sand
H2 - 22 to 34 inches: sandy loam
H3 - 34 to 60 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Minor Components
Valent
Percent of map unit 10 percent
Dailey
Percent of map unit 5 percent
69—Valent sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2tczd
Elevation: 3,850 to 5,210 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Noncalcareous eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: sand
AC - 5 to 12 inches: sand
Cl - 12 to 30 inches: sand
C2 - 30 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Negligible
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Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00
to 20.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1 .9 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Minor Components
Dailey
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Julesburg
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Vona
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
70—Valent sand , 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2tczf
Elevation: 3,050 to 5, 150 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
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Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Hills, dunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, footslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, crest
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Noncalcareous eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: sand
AC - 5 to 12 inches: sand
C1 - 12 to 30 inches: sand
C2 - 30 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00
to 39.96 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1 .9 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sands (north) (pe 16-20) (R072XA021 KS)
Minor Components
Dailey
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Sandy (north) draft (april 2010) (pe 16-20) (R072XA022KS)
Haxtun
Percent of map unit 5 percent
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Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Sandy (pe16-20) (south) (formerly sandy, ks - sandy plains, co)
(R072XY022KS)
Vona
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hills
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, base
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
72—Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363r
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces, plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
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Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Valent
Percent of map unit 5 percent
73—Vona loamy sand , 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363s
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces, plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
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Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Valent
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
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Soil Information for All Uses
Soil Reports
The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports
(tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of each
unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil Properties
and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections.
The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and
qualities. A description of each report (table) is included.
Building Site Development
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil interpretations
related to building site development. The reports (tables) include all selected map units
and components for each map unit, limiting features and interpretive ratings. Building
site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil
suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of
the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and
does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of
concrete and steel , shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small
commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping .
Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings
Soil properties influence the development of building sites, including the selection of
the site, the design of the structure, construction, performance after construction , and
maintenance. This table shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect
dwellings and small commercial buildings.
The ratings in the table are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the
extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect building site
development. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable
for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected.
Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable
for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special
planning, design , or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be
expected . Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are
unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome
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without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures.
Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected.
Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings
are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1 .00. They indicate gradations
between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the use
(1 .00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).
Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories or less. For dwellings without
basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced
concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost
penetration, whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the foundation is
assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil
at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on the soil properties
that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the
properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the
load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding ,
subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility.
Compressibility is inferred from the Unified classification. The properties that affect
the ease and amount of excavation include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding ,
slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan,
and the amount and size of rock fragments.
Small commercial buildings are structures that are less than three stories high and do
not have basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of
reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of
maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The ratings are based on the soil
properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and
on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that
affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding ,
subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is
inferred from the Unified classification). The properties that affect the ease and amount
of excavation include flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock
or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size
of rock fragments.
Information in this table is intended for land use planning , for evaluating land use
alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The
information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally
apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet.
Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the
mapped areas of a specific soil.
The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the
design and construction of engineering works.
Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose
specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table.
Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection,
and in design .
Report—Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings
[Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and to
confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns range
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from 0.01 to 1 .00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation . The table
shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have additional
limitations]
Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol and soil Pct. of Dwellings without basements Dwellings with basements Small commercial buildings
name map
unit Rating class and Value Rating class and Value Rating class and Value
limiting features limiting features limiting features
19—Colombo clay
loam, 0 to 1 percent
slopes
Colombo 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited
38—Nelson fine sandy
loam, 3 to 9 percent
slopes
Nelson 85 Not limited Somewhat limited Somewhat limited
Depth to soft bedrock 0.46 Slope 0.50
49—Osgood sand, 0 to
3 percent slopes
Osgood 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3
percent slopes
Valent 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9
percent slopes
Valent 80 Not limited Not limited Somewhat limited
Slope 0.50
72—Vona loamy sand,
0 to 3 percent slopes
Vona 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited
73—Vona loamy sand,
3 to 5 percent slopes
Vona 85 Not limited Not limited Not limited
Land Classifications
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present a variety of soil
groupings. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for
each map unit. Land classifications are specified land use and management groupings
that are assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for
specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly
influence the specific use of the soil. Example classifications include ecological site
classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability
classification, and hydric rating.
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Prime and other Important Farmlands
This table lists the map units in the survey area that are considered important
farmlands. Important farmlands consist of prime farmland, unique farmland, and
farmland of statewide or local importance. This list does not constitute a
recommendation for a particular land use.
In an effort to identify the extent and location of important farmlands, the Natural
Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with other interested Federal, State,
and local government organizations, has inventoried land that can be used for the
production of the Nation's food supply.
Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting the Nation's short- and long-range
needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the
U .S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of government, as
well as individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation's prime
farmland .
Prime farmland , as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is land that has the
best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed,
forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated
land, pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water
areas. The soil quality, growing season , and moisture supply are those needed for the
soil to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when proper management,
including water management, and acceptable farming methods are applied . In
general , prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from
precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable
acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. The
water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Prime farmland is permeable to
water and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long periods,
and it either is not frequently flooded during the growing season or is protected from
flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about
the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local office of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service.
For some of the soils identified in the table as prime farmland, measures that overcome
a hazard or limitation, such as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed .
Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or not the hazard or limitation has
been overcome by corrective measures.
A recent trend in land use in some areas has been the loss of some prime farmland
to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure
on marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and less productive
and cannot be easily cultivated .
Unique farmland is land other than prime farmland that is used for the production of
specific high-value food and fiber crops, such as citrus, tree nuts, olives, cranberries,
and other fruits and vegetables. It has the special combination of soil quality, growing
season, moisture supply, temperature, humidity, air drainage, elevation, and aspect
needed for the soil to economically produce sustainable high yields of these crops
when properly managed. The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality.
Nearness to markets is an additional consideration. Unique farmland is not based on
national criteria. It commonly is in areas where there is a special microclimate, such
as the wine country in California.
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In some areas, land that does not meet the criteria for prime or unique farmland is
considered to be farmland of statewide importance for the production of food , feed,
fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. The criteria for defining and delineating farmland of
statewide importance are determined by the appropriate State agencies. Generally,
this land includes areas of soils that nearly meet the requirements for prime farmland
and that economically produce high yields of crops when treated and managed
according to acceptable farming methods. Some areas may produce as high a yield
as prime farmland if conditions are favorable. Farmland of statewide importance may
include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law.
In some areas that are not identified as having national or statewide importance, land
is considered to be farmland of local importance for the production of food, feed , fiber,
forage, and oilseed crops. This farmland is identified by the appropriate local agencies.
Farmland of local importance may include tracts of land that have been designated
for agriculture by local ordinance.
Report—Prime and other Important Farmlands
Prime and other Important Farmlands—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map Symbol Map Unit Name Farmland Classification
19 Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Prime farmland if irrigated
38 Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
49 Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland
72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Not prime farmland
Soil Chemical Properties
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil chemical properties.
The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit.
Soil chemical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field
or laboratory. Examples of soil chemical properties include pH , cation exchange
capacity, calcium carbonate, gypsum, and electrical conductivity.
Chemical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some chemical characteristics and features that affect
soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar
soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated .
Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of extractable cations that can be held
by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality
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(pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity
hold fewer cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizer than soils
having a high cation-exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations reduces the
hazard of ground-water pollution.
Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the sum of extractable cations plus
aluminum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil . It is determined
for soils that have pH of less than 5.5.
Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. It is important in selecting crops and
other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization , and in
determining the risk of corrosion .
Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of carbonates, by weight, in the fraction
of the soil less than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients is influenced
by the amount of carbonates in the soil .
Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of hydrated calcium sulfates in the
fraction of the soil less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble in water.
Soils that have a high content of gypsum may collapse if the gypsum is removed by
percolating water.
Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed as the
electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at 25
degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at
representative sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is affected by
the quality of the irrigation water and by the frequency of water application. Hence,
the salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value given in the
table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability of soil if
used as construction material, and the potential of the soil to corrode metal and
concrete.
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to
calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is
the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg
concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more may be characterized by an
increased dispersion of organic matter and clay particles, reduced saturated hydraulic
conductivity and aeration , and a general degradation of soil structure.
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Chemical Soil Properties-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol and soil name Depth Cation- Effective Soil reaction Calcium Gypsum Salinity Sodium
exchange cation- carbonate adsorption ratio
capacity exchange
capacity
In meq/1008 meq/100g pH Pot Pot mmhos/cm
19—Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1
percent slopes
Colombo 0-14 15-30 - 7.4-8.4 5-10 0 0.0-2.0 0
14-21 5.0-20 - 7.4-8.4 5-10 0 0.0-2.0 0
21-60 2.3-23 - 7.4-9.0 5-10 0 0.0-2.0 0
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9
percent slopes
Nelson 0-9 5.0-10 - 7.9-8.4 5-10 0 0.0-2.0 0
9-30 5.0-10 - 7.9-8.4 5-10 0 0.0-2.0 0
30-34 — — — — — — —
49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
Osgood 0-22 1 .0-5.0 - 6.6-7.8 0 0 0 0
22-34 5.0-15 - 6.6-7.8 0 0 0 0
34-60 1 .0-5.0 - 7.4-8.4 0 0 0.0-2.0 0
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
Valent 0-5 1 .8-4.2 - 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
5-12 0.9-5.7 - 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
12-30 0.9-5.4 - 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
30-80 0.8-5.4 - 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
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Chemical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol and soil name Depth Cation- Effective Soil reaction Calcium Gypsum Salinity Sodium
exchange cation- carbonate adsorption ratio
capacity exchange
capacity
In meq/100g meq/100g pH Pct Pct mmhos/cm
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent
slopes
Valent 0-5 1 .8-4.2 — 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
I5-12 0.9-5.7 — 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
12-30 0.9-5.4 — 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
30-80 0.8-5.4 — 6.6-7.8 0-1 0 0.0-1 .9 0
•
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3
percent slopes
Vona 0-6 2.0-5.0 — 6.6-7.8 0 0 0.0-2.0 0
6-28 5.0-10 - 6.6-8.4 0-10 0 0.0-4.0 0
28-60 5.0-10 — 7.9-9.0 2-15 0 0.0-4.0 0
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5
percent slopes
Vona 0-6 2.0-5.0 - 6.6-7.8 0 0 0.0-2.0 0
6-28 5.0-10 — 6.6-8.4 0-10 0 0.0-4.0 0
28-60 5.0-10 — 7.9-9.0 2-15 0 0.0-4.0 0
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Soil Physical Properties
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical properties.
The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit.
Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field
or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include percent clay, organic
matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, and bulk density.
Engineering Properties
This table gives the engineering classifications and the range of engineering
properties for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
Hydrologic soil group is a group of soils having similar runoff potential under similar
storm and cover conditions. The criteria for determining Hydrologic soil group is found
in the National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://
directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content= 17757.wba).
Listing HSGs by soil map unit component and not by soil series is a new concept for
the engineers. Past engineering references contained lists of HSGs by soil series. Soil
series are continually being defined and redefined, and the list of soil series names
changes so frequently as to make the task of maintaining a single national list virtually
impossible. Therefore, the criteria is now used to calculate the HSG using the
component soil properties and no such national series lists will be maintained. All such
references are obsolete and their use should be discontinued. Soil properties that
influence runoff potential are those that influence the minimum rate of infiltration for a
bare soil after prolonged wetting and when not frozen . These properties are depth to
a seasonal high water table, saturated hydraulic conductivity after prolonged wetting,
and depth to a layer with a very slow water transmission rate. Changes in soil
properties caused by land management or climate changes also cause the hydrologic
soil group to change. The influence of ground cover is treated independently. There
are four hydrologic soil groups, A, B, C, and D, and three dual groups, A/D, BID, and
C/D. In the dual groups, the first letter is for drained areas and the second letter is for
undrained areas.
The four hydrologic soil groups are described in the following paragraphs:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that
have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a
moderate rate of water transmission.
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils
of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential ,
soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the
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surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material . These soils have
a very slow rate of water transmission .
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated .
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U .S. Department of Agriculture.
These terms are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the fraction
of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that
is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand . If the
content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate modifier
is added, for example, "gravelly."
Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification
system (ASTM, 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004).
The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as
construction material . Soils are classified according to particle-size distribution of the
fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,
and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP, GM,
GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH , CH, and OH ;
and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two groups
can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.
The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway
construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil that is less
than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7
on the basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group
A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme,
soils in group A-7 are fine grained . Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on
the basis of visual inspection.
If laboratory data are available, the A-1 , A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified as
A-1 -a, A-1 -b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional refinement,
the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group index number.
Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for
the poorest.
Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are
indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The percentages are
estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to weight
percentage.
Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the soil
fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves,
numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00,
0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests of
soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the
field.
Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics
of a soil . The estimates are based on test data from the survey area or from nearby
areas and on field examination.
References:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
30
Custom Soil Resource Report
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
31
Custom Soil Resource Report
Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated . The asterisk '*' denotes the representative texture; other possible
textures follow the dash. The criteria for determining the hydrologic soil group for individual soil components is found in the
National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?
content= 17757.wba).
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pet Pet
19—Colombo clay
loam, 0 to 1 percent
slopes
Colombo 85 C 0-14 Clay loam CL A-6 0 0 95-100 80-100 75-90 60-75 25-30 i 10-15
14-21 Stratified loam to clay CL A-6 0 0 95-100 75-100 75-90 50-70 20-30 l 10-15
loam
! i
I
21-60 Stratified sand to CL, CL-ML A-4, A-6 0-5 0-5 90-100 66-100 46-100 32-80 0-44 NP-25
loam to clay loam
38—Nelson fine sandy
loam, 3 to 9 percent
slopes
Nelson 85 B 0-9 Fine sandy loam SC-SM, A-4 0 0-5 85-100 80-100 55-85 35-50 20-25 NP-5
SM
9-30 Fine sandy loam, ML, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 80-100 75-100 55-85 30-55 — NP
sandy loam
30-34 Weathered bedrock — — — — — — — — — —
49—Osgood sand, 0 to
3 percent slopes
Osgood 85 A 0-22 Sand SM, SP- A-2 0 0 100 100 50-70 5-15 - NP
SM
I
22-34 Sandy loam, sandy SC, SC- A-2, A-4, 0 0 100 100 60-80 30-40 20-35 NP-15
clay loam SM, SM A-6
34-60 Loamy sand, sand SM, SP- A-2 0 0 100 95-100 50-75 10-25 - NP
SM
32
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3
percent slopes
Valent 85 A 0-5 Sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 100 74-81 7-12 0-22 NP-3
5-12 Loamy sand, sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-21 NP-4
12-30 Loamy sand, sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
30-80 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9
percent slopes
Valent 80 A 0-5 Sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 100 74-81 7-12 0-19 NP-3
5-12 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-21 NP-4
12-30 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
30-80 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
72—Vona loamy sand,
0 to 3 percent slopes
Vona 85 A 0-6 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 - NP
6-28 Fine sandy loam, SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 60-90 30-45 20-30 NP-10
sandy loam SM, SM
28-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-85 15-40 20-25 NP-5
sand, loamy fine SM
sand
73—Vona loamy sand,
3 to 5 percent slopes
Vona 85 A 0-6 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 — NP
6-28 Fine sandy loam, SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 60-90 30-45 20-30 NP-10
sandy loam SM, SM
28-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-85 15-40 20-25 NP-5
sand, loamy fine SM
sand
33
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing . 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard 02487-00.
Cowardin, L.M . , V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31 .
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W. , and L. M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council . 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service. U .S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition . U .S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W. , Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section .
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1 .
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
34
Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean , and the Pacific Basin. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://www.nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961 . Land
capability classification. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290.pdf
35
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April 24, 2015
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation , waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal , State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local , and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951 ).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding . Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U .S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin , age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation , genetic information , political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program . (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc. ) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W. , Washington , D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3
Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 7
Soil Map 8
Legend 9
Map Unit Legend 10
Map Unit Descriptions 11
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 13
4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded 13
19—Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 14
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes 16
37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 17
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes 18
44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes 20
45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 21
46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 22
47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 23
48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes 24
49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 25
51 —Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 26
52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes 27
57—Renohill clay loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes 29
62—Terry fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 30
63—Terry fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes 31
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 32
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes 34
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 35
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 36
74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes 37
Soil Information for All Uses 39
Soil Reports 39
Land Classifications 39
Prime and other Important Farmlands 39
Soil Physical Properties 41
Physical Soil Properties 41
Engineering Properties 50
References 60
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length , and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they were formed . Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
5
Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research .
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded . These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented . Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
6
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7
Custom Soil Resource Report N Soil Map
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eh Map Scale: 1:167,000 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters o
Ls
N 0 2000 4000 8000 12000 $
1\
Feet
0 5000 10000 20000 30000
Map projection: Web Mercator Comer coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
8
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOl) -# Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1 :24,000.
Area of Interest (AOl) > Stony Spot
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Soils Very Stony Spot measurements.
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Wet Spot
:... Soil Map Unit Lines Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Other Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov
p Soil Map Unit Points Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
•- Special Line Features
Special Point Features
V Blowout Water Features Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
Streams and Canals projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
!y4 Borrow Pit distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Transportation
X Clay Spot Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate
4-F+ Rails calculations of distance or area are required.
0 Closed Depression
ti Interstate Highways
X Gravel Pit US Routes This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
the version date(s) listed below.
*• Gravelly Spot
• Major Roads
Landfill Local Roads Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Lava Flow Survey Area Data: Version 13, Sep 23, 2014
Background
Marsh or swamp Aerial Photography Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1 :50,000
ft Mine or Quarry or larger.
® Miscellaneous Water Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jan 1 , 1999—Dec 31 ,
Q Perennial Water 2003
v Rock Outcrop The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
+ Saline Spot compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
Sandy Spot of map unit boundaries may be evident.
o Severely Eroded Spot
® Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
0o Sodic Spot
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (CO618)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
4 Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded 2.2 0.4%
19 Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 6.9 1 .3%
percent slopes
35 Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 11 .7 2.2%
percent slopes
37 Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 1 .6 0.3%
percent slopes
38 Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 10.1 1 .9%
percent slopes
44 Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent 44.5 8.3%
slopes
45 Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent 10.5 2.0%
slopes
46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 1 .8 0.3%
percent slopes
47 Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 15.4 2.9%
percent slopes
48 Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 2.7 0.5%
percent slopes
49 Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent 8.9 1 .7%
slopes
51 Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent 5.6 1 .0%
slopes
52 Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent 2.6 0.5%
slopes
57 Renohill clay loam, 3 to 9 percent 3.7 0.7%
slopes
62 Terry fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 5.8 1 .1 %
percent slopes
63 Terry fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 5.1 1 .0%
percent slopes
69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent 100.3 18.8%
slopes
70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent 99.8 18.7%
slopes
72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent 141 .5 26.6%
slopes
73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent 46.0 8.6%
slopes
74 Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent 6.0 1 .1 %
slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 532.8 100.0%
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting , or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting , or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used .
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each . A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data . The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned , however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
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Custom Soil Resource Report
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform . An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation . Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3621
Elevation: 3,600 to 4,700 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 165 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Aquolls and similar soils: 55 percent
Aquepts, flooded, and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Aquolls
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, plains, depressions
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 8 inches: variable
H2 - 8 to 60 inches: stratified sandy loam to clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Moderately saline to strongly saline (8.0 to 16.0
mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Salt meadow (R067BY035CO)
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Description of Aquepts, Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: variable
H2 - 8 to 60 inches: stratified sandy loam to clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Moderately saline to strongly saline (8.0 to 16.0
mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Wet meadow (R067BY038CO)
Minor Components
Thedalund
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Haverson
Percent of map unit 10 percent
19—Colombo clay loam , 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 361 v
Elevation: 4,600 to 4,780 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Colombo and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Colombo
Setting
Landform: Terraces, flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stratified, calcareous alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 14 inches: clay loam
H2 - 14 to 21 inches: stratified loam to clay loam
H3 - 21 to 60 inches: stratified sand to loam to clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.60 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: Clayey plains (R067BY042CO)
Minor Components
Nunn
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Heldt
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Dacono
Percent of map unit 5 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362f
Elevation: 4,550 to 4,750 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Loup and similar soils: 55 percent
Boel and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Loup
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, swales, streams
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Sandy alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 16 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 16 to 40 inches: loamy sand
H3 - 40 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Ecological site: Sandy meadow (R067BY029CO)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Boel
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, streams, swales
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stratified sandy alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 14 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 14 to 60 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95
to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy meadow (R067BY029CO)
Minor Components
Osgood
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Valent
Percent of map unit 5 percent
37—Nelson fine sandy loam , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362h
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 145 to 190 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Nelson and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Nelson
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 9 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 30 to 34 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Thedalund
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Olney
Percent of map unit 5 percent
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362j
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,050 feet
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 145 to 190 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Nelson and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Nelson
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 9 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 30 to 34 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Thedalund
Percent of map unit 10 percent
Terry
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362r
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Vona
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Zigweid
Percent of map unit 7 percent
45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362s
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Zigweid
Percent of map unit 8 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit 7 percent
46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362t
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility)
x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 2.00 in/hr)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Zigweid
Percent of map unit 8 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit 7 percent
47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362v
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility)
x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Zigweid
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362w
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Zigweid
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362x
Elevation: 4,680 to 4,900 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Osgood and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Osgood
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian sands
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 22 inches: sand
H2 - 22 to 34 inches: sandy loam
H3 - 34 to 60 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Minor Components
Valent
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Dailey
Percent of map unit 5 percent
51 —Otero sandy loam , 1 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3630
Elevation: 4,700 to 5,250 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility)
x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Otero and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Otero
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or mixed outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 12 inches: sandy loam
H2 - 12 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Kim
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit 5 percent
52—Otero sandy loam , 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3631
Elevation: 4,700 to 5,250 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 15 inches
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Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Otero and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Otero
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or mixed outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 12 inches: sandy loam
H2 - 12 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Kim
Percent of map unit: 12 percent
Vona
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
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57—Renohill clay loam , 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3636
Elevation: 4,850 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Renohill and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 13 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Renohill
Setting
Landform: Hills, ridges
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from shale
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 9 inches: clay loam
H2 - 9 to 32 inches: clay loam
H3 - 32 to 36 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Clayey plains (R067BY042CO)
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Minor Components
Shingle
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Ulm
Percent of map unit 5 percent
62—Terry fine sandy loam , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363d
Elevation: 4,500 to 5,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F
Frost-free period: 120 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Terry and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Terry
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 6 to 18 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 18 to 37 inches: fine sandy loam
H4 - 37 to 41 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.4 inches)
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Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Olney
Percent of map unit 11 percent
Tassel
Percent of map unit 4 percent
63—Terry fine sandy loam , 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363f
Elevation: 4,500 to 5,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F
Frost-free period: 120 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Terry and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Terry
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 6 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 6 to 18 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 18 to 37 inches: fine sandy loam
H4 - 37 to 41 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
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Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Tassel
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Olney
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Otero
Percent of map unit 5 percent
69—Valent sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2tczd
Elevation: 3,850 to 5,210 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Noncalcareous eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: sand
AC - 5 to 12 inches: sand
Cl - 12 to 30 inches: sand
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C2 - 30 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Negligible
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00
to 20.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1 .9 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Minor Components
Dailey
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Deep sand (R067BY015CO)
Julesburg
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Vona
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
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70—Valent sand , 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2tczf
Elevation: 3,050 to 5, 150 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Hills, dunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, footslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, crest
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Noncalcareous eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: sand
AC - 5 to 12 inches: sand
C1 - 12 to 30 inches: sand
C2 - 30 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00
to 39.96 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1 .9 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sands (north) (pe 16-20) (R072XA021 KS)
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Minor Components
Dailey
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: lnterdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Sandy (north) draft (april 2010) (pe 16-20) (R072XA022KS)
Haxtun
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Landform: Interdunes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Ecological site: Sandy (pe16-20) (south) (formerly sandy, ks - sandy plains, co)
(R072XY022KS)
Vona
Percent of map unit 5 percent
Landform: Hills
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, base
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
72—Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363r
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces, plains
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Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit 10 percent
Valent
Percent of map unit 5 percent
73—Vona loamy sand , 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363s
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces, plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Valent
Percent of map unit 7 percent
74—Vona loamy sand , 5 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363t
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy plains (R067BY024CO)
Minor Components
Valent
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Remmit
Percent of map unit 5 percent
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Soil Information for All Uses
Soil Reports
The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports
(tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of each
unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil Properties
and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections.
The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and
qualities. A description of each report (table) is included.
Land Classifications
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present a variety of soil
groupings. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for
each map unit. Land classifications are specified land use and management groupings
that are assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for
specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly
influence the specific use of the soil. Example classifications include ecological site
classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability
classification, and hydric rating.
Prime and other Important Farmlands
This table lists the map units in the survey area that are considered important
farmlands. Important farmlands consist of prime farmland, unique farmland, and
farmland of statewide or local importance. This list does not constitute a
recommendation for a particular land use.
In an effort to identify the extent and location of important farmlands, the Natural
Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with other interested Federal , State,
and local government organizations, has inventoried land that can be used for the
production of the Nation's food supply.
Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting the Nation's short- and long-range
needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the
U .S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of government, as
well as individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation's prime
farmland.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Prime farmland , as defined by the U .S. Department of Agriculture, is land that has the
best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food , feed,
forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated
land, pastureland, forestland , or other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water
areas. The soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply are those needed for the
soil to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when proper management,
including water management, and acceptable farming methods are applied . In
general , prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from
precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season , acceptable
acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. The
water supply is dependable and of adequate quality. Prime farmland is permeable to
water and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long periods,
and it either is not frequently flooded during the growing season or is protected from
flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about
the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local office of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service.
For some of the soils identified in the table as prime farmland, measures that overcome
a hazard or limitation, such as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed .
Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or not the hazard or limitation has
been overcome by corrective measures.
A recent trend in land use in some areas has been the loss of some prime farmland
to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure
on marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and less productive
and cannot be easily cultivated .
Unique farmland is land other than prime farmland that is used for the production of
specific high-value food and fiber crops, such as citrus, tree nuts, olives, cranberries,
and other fruits and vegetables. It has the special combination of soil quality, growing
season, moisture supply, temperature, humidity, air drainage, elevation, and aspect
needed for the soil to economically produce sustainable high yields of these crops
when properly managed. The water supply is dependable and of adequate quality.
Nearness to markets is an additional consideration. Unique farmland is not based on
national criteria. It commonly is in areas where there is a special microclimate, such
as the wine country in California.
In some areas, land that does not meet the criteria for prime or unique farmland is
considered to be farmland of statewide importance for the production of food , feed,
fiber, forage, and oilseed crops. The criteria for defining and delineating farmland of
statewide importance are determined by the appropriate State agencies. Generally,
this land includes areas of soils that nearly meet the requirements for prime farmland
and that economically produce high yields of crops when treated and managed
according to acceptable farming methods. Some areas may produce as high a yield
as prime farmland if conditions are favorable. Farmland of statewide importance may
include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law.
In some areas that are not identified as having national or statewide importance, land
is considered to be farmland of local importance for the production of food, feed , fiber,
forage, and oilseed crops. This farmland is identified by the appropriate local agencies.
Farmland of local importance may include tracts of land that have been designated
for agriculture by local ordinance.
Report—Prime and other Important Farmlands
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Prime and other Important Farmlands-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map Symbol Map Unit Name Farmland Classification
4 Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded Prime farmland if drained and either protected
from flooding or not frequently flooded during
the growing season
19 Colombo clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Prime farmland if irrigated
35 Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes Not prime farmland
•
37 Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
38 Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
44 Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
45 Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed
60
47 Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed
60
48 Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
49 Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
51 Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed
60
52 Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes Farmland of statewide importance
57 Renohill clay loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland
•
62 Terry fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Not prime farmland
63 Terry fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland
69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland
72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Farmland of local importance
73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes Not prime farmland
74 Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes Not prime farmland
Soil Physical Properties
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical properties.
The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for each map unit.
Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct observations in the field
or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include percent clay, organic
matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, and bulk density.
Physical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect
soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
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The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar
soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated .
Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by sedimentation,
sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as classes with specific
effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging from
the larger to the smaller.
Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2
millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter.
Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter
in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is given as a
percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.
Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter.
The content of sand , silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil . Particle size
is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of soil
hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.
The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and
the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink-
swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect
tillage and earthmoving operations.
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured
when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at 1 /3- or 1 /10-
bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension . Weight is determined after the soil is dried at
105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of each soil horizon is
expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear extensibility, shrink-swell
potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. The
moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for water and roots.
Depending on soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1 .4 can restrict water storage
and root penetration . Moist bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content
of organic matter, and soil structure.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a
saturated soil transmit water. The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of
micrometers per second . They are based on soil characteristics observed in the field,
particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is
considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption fields.
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing
for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch
of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect
retention of water. The most important properties are the content of organic matter,
soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an important
factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management
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of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of
water actually available to plants at any given time.
Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume
change between the water content of the clod at 1 /3- or 1 /10-bar tension (33kPa or
10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as
percent change for the whole soil . The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil
influence volume change.
Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. The shrink-
swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent; moderate
if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the
linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to
buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design commonly is
needed .
Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of
decomposition. In this table, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as
a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.
The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning crop residue to
the soil .
Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water infiltration, soil
organism activity, and tilth . It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops and
soil organisms.
Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor.
Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by water.
Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the average annual rate of
soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based
primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and Ksat.
Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being equal, the higher the value,
the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water.
Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil. The estimates are modified
by the presence of rock fragments.
Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material less
than 2 millimeters in size.
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by
wind and/or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained
period . The rate is in tons per acre per year.
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their
susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group 1 are the
most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the least
susceptible. The groups are described in the "National Soil Survey Handbook."
Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind
erosion , or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion.
There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer,
the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and a
calcareous reaction . Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion.
Reference:
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . (http://soils. usda.gov)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pct I Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/!n Pct Pct
4—Aquolls and
Aquepts,
flooded
Aquolls 0-8 — — — 1 .20-1 .40 1 .41-42.33 - - 2.0-5.0 5 8 0
8-60 -61- -14- 15-25- 40 1 .20-1 .50 I 0.42-42.33 0.07-0.10 3.0-5.9 1 .0-2.0 .28 .28
Aquepts, 0-8 - - - 1 .20-1 .40 1 .41-42.33 - - 0.0-1 .0 5 8 0
flooded
8-60 I -61- -14- 15-25- 40 1 .20-1 .50 0.42-42.33 0.07-0.10 3.0-5.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
19—Colombo
clay loam, 0 to
1 percent
slopes
Colombo 0-14 -35- -34- 27-31- 35 1 .30-1 .40 1 .41-4.23 0.16-0.19 0.0-2.9 2.0-4.0 .24 .24 5 4L 86
14-21 -38- -36- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.14-0.16 3.0-5.9 0.0-0.5 .32 .32
21-60 -38- -39- 3-23- 35 1 .35-1 .45 4.23-14.11 0.14-0.16 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
35—Loup-Boel
loamy sands,
0 to 3 percent
slopes I
Loup 0-16 -84- - 9- 5- 8- 10 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 2.0-4.0 .05 .05 5 2 134
16-40 -80- -16- 2- 5- 7 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 1 .0-3.0 .20 .20
40-60 -67- -19- 10-14- 18 1 .35-1 .50 14.11 -42.33 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-1 .0 .24 .24
Boel 0-14 -85- - 9- 2- 6- 10 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 1 .0-2.0 .10 .10 5 2 134
14-60 -85- - 9- 2- 6- 10 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .20 .20
44
Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pot Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct
37—Nelson fine
sandy loam, 0
to 3 percent
slopes
Nelson 0-9 -65- -27- 5- 8- 10 1 .35-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.12-0.14 0.0-2.9 1 .0-2.0 .28 .28 3 3 86
9-30 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .45-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.11-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
30-34 - - - - 0.42-14.11 — — —
38—Nelson fine
sandy loam, 3
to 9 percent
slopes
Nelson 0-9 -65- -27- 5- 8- 10 1 .35-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.12-0.14 0.0-2.9 1 .0-2.0 .28 .28 3 3 86
9-30 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .45-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.11-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
30-34 — — — — 0A2-14.11 — — —
44—Olney
loamy sand, 1
to 3 percent
slopes
Olney 0-10 -84- - 9- 5- 8- 10 1 .45-1 .55 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.10 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .15 .15 5 2 134
I
10-20 -56- -18- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.13-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .20 .20
20-25 -60- -18- 15-23- 30 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.11-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .24 .24
25-60 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .40-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
45—Olney
loamy sand, 3
to 5 percent
slopes
Olney 0-10 -84- - 9- 5- 8- 10 1 .45-1 .55 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.10 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .15 .15 5 2 134
10-20 -56- -18- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.13-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .20 .20
20-25 -60- -18- 15-23- 30 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.11-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .24 .24
25-60 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .40-1 .60 14.1142.33 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties-Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct
46-Olney fine
sandy loam, 0
to 1 percent
slopes
Olney 0-10 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.13-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .24 .24 5 3 86
10-20 -56- -18- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.13-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .20 .20
20-25 -60- -18- 15-23- 30 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0. 11 -0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .24 .24
25-60 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .40-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
47—Olney fine
sandy loam, 1
to 3 percent
slopes
Olney 0-10 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 f 4.00-42.00 0.13-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .24 .24 5 3 86
10-20 -56- -18- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.13-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .20 .20
20-25 -60- -18- 15-23- 30 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.11-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .24 .24
25-60 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .40-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
48—Olney fine
sandy loam, 3
to 5 percent
slopes
Olney 0-10 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.13-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .24 .24 5 3 86
10-20 -56- -18- 18-27- 35 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.13-0.17 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .20 .20
20-25 -60- -18- 15-23- 30 1 .25-1 .40 4.23-14.11 0.11-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .24 .24
25-60 -64- -27- 5-10- 15 1 .40-1 .60 14.11-42.33 0.06-0. 13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .37 .37
L
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct
49—Osgood
sand, 0 to 3
percent
slopes
Osgood 0-22 -96- - 2- 0- 3- 5 1 .45-1 .60 141 .00 0.05-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .02 .02 5 1 220
22-34 -67- -14- 15-19- 30 1 .35-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .17 .17
34-60 -96- - 2- 0- 3- 5 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .05 .05
51-Otero
sandy loam, 1
to 3 percent
slopes
Otero 0-12 -66- -19- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.5-2.0 .15 .15 5 3 86
12-60 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.10-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
52—Otero
sandy loam, 3
to 5 percent
slopes
Otero 0-12 -66- -19- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.10-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.5-2.0 .15 .15 5 3 86
12-60 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.10-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
57—Renohill
clay loam, 3 to
9 percent
slopes
Renohill 0-9 -33- -36- 27-31- 34 11 .25-1 .40 1 .41-4.23 0.17-0.20 3.0-5.9 1 .0-2.0 .28 .28 3 6 48
9-32 -27- -36- 35-38- 55 1 .15-1 .40 0.42-1 .41 0.14-0.20 6.0-8.9 0.5-1 .0 .32 .32
32-36 — — — — 0.42-t41 — — —
47
Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct
62—Terry fine
sandy loam, 0
to 3 percent
slopes
Terry 0-6 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.13-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.5-2.0 .20 .20 3 3 86
6-18 -66- -20- 10-14- 18 1 .35-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.09-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .28 .28
18-37 -63- -26- 5-11- 17 1 .35-1 .50 14.11 -42.33 0.08-0. 14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .37 .37
37-41 - - - - 0.42-14.11 — — —
63—Terry fine
sandy loam, 3
to 9 percent
slopes
Terry 0-6 -65- -20- 10-15- 20 1 .35-1 .50 4.00-42.00 0.13-0.15 0.0-2.9 0.5-2.0 .20 .20 3 3 86-
6-18 -66- -20- 10-14- 18 1 .35-1 .50 14.11 -42.33 0.09-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .28 .28
18-37 -63- -26- 5-11- 17 1 .35-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.08-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .37 .37
37-41 - - - I - 0.42-14.11 — — —
69—Valent
sand, 0 to 3
percent
slopes
Valent 0-5 88-96- 96 1- 2- 6 2- 3- 6 1 .60-1 .66 141 .14 0.04-0.05 0.1 -0.5 0.5-2.0 .02 .02 5 1 220
5-12 80-97- 98 1- 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .58-1 .65 i 42.34-141 .14 0.04-0.11 0.0-0.7 0.1-1 .0 .02 .02
12-30 80-97- 98 1- 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .60-1 .66 42.34-141 .14 0.04-0.11 0.0-0.6 0.1-0.5 .02 .02
30-80 80-97- 98 1- 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .59-1 .67 42.34-141 .14 0.04-0. 11 0.0-0.6 0.0-0.5 .02 .02
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map symbol Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear Organic Erosion factors Wind Wind
and soil name bulk hydraulic water extensibility matter erodibility erodibility
density conductivity capacity Kw Kf T group index
In Pct Pct Pct g/cc micro m/sec In/In Pct Pct
70—Valent
sand, 3 to 9
percent
slopes
Valent 0-5 88-96- 96 1- 2- 6 2- 3- 6 1 .60-1 .66 141 .14-282.00 0.04-0.05 0.1-0.5 0.5-1 .0 .02 .02 5 1 220
5-12 80-97- 98 1- 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .58-1 .65 42.34-282.00 0.04-0.11 0.0-0.7 0.1-1 .0 .02 .02
12-30 80-97- 98 1 - 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .60-1 .66 42.34-282.00 0.04-0.11 0.0-0.6 0.1-0.5 .02 .02
30-80 80-97- 98 1- 2- 12 1- 2- 8 1 .59-1 .67 42.34-282.00 0.04-0.11 0.0-0.6 0.0-0.5 .02 .02
72—Vona loamy
sand, 0 to 3
percent
slopes
Vona 0-6 -85- - 9- 3- 6- 8 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .15 .15 5 2 134
6-28 -67- -20- 8-13- 18 1 .40-1 .50 14.11 -42.33 0.12-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .28 .28
28-60 -67- -24- 3- 9- 15 1 .45-1 .55 14.00-141.00 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
73—Vona loamy
sand, 3 to 5
percent
slopes
Vona 0-6 -85- - 9- 3- 6- 8 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .15 .15 5 2 134
6-28 -67- -20- 8-13- 18 1 .40-1 .50 14.11 -42.33 0.12-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .28 .28
28-60 -67- -24- 3- 9- 15 1 .45-1 .55 14.00-141 .00 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
74—Vona loamy
sand, 5 to 9
percent
slopes
Vona 0-6 -85- - 9- 3- 6- 8 1 .45-1 .60 42.00-141 .00 0.06-0.08 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .15 .15 5 2 134
6-28 -67- -20- 8-13- 18 1 .40-1 .50 14.11-42.33 0.12-0.14 0.0-2.9 0.5-1 .0 .28 .28
28-60 -67- -24- 3- 9- 15 1.45-1 .55 14.00-141 .00 0.06-0.13 0.0-2.9 0.0-0.5 .28 .28
49
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties
This table gives the engineering classifications and the range of engineering
properties for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
Hydrologic soil group is a group of soils having similar runoff potential under similar
storm and cover conditions. The criteria for determining Hydrologic soil group is found
in the National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://
directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17757.wba).
Listing HSGs by soil map unit component and not by soil series is a new concept for
the engineers. Past engineering references contained lists of HSGs by soil series. Soil
series are continually being defined and redefined, and the list of soil series names
changes so frequently as to make the task of maintaining a single national list virtually
impossible. Therefore, the criteria is now used to calculate the HSG using the
component soil properties and no such national series lists will be maintained . All such
references are obsolete and their use should be discontinued. Soil properties that
influence runoff potential are those that influence the minimum rate of infiltration for a
bare soil after prolonged wetting and when not frozen . These properties are depth to
a seasonal high water table, saturated hydraulic conductivity after prolonged wetting,
and depth to a layer with a very slow water transmission rate. Changes in soil
properties caused by land management or climate changes also cause the hydrologic
soil group to change. The influence of ground cover is treated independently. There
are four hydrologic soil groups, A, B, C, and D, and three dual groups, A/D, B/D, and
C/D. In the dual groups, the first letter is for drained areas and the second letter is for
undrained areas.
The four hydrologic soil groups are described in the following paragraphs:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission .
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that
have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a
moderate rate of water transmission .
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils
of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential ,
soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the
surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have
a very slow rate of water transmission .
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated .
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U .S. Department of Agriculture.
These terms are defined according to percentages of sand , silt, and clay in the fraction
of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that
is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand . If the
content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate modifier
is added, for example, "gravelly."
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification
system (ASTM , 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004).
The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as
construction material . Soils are classified according to particle-size distribution of the
fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,
and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP, GM,
GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH , CH, and OH ;
and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two groups
can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.
The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway
construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil that is less
than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7
on the basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group
A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme,
soils in group A-7 are fine grained . Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on
the basis of visual inspection.
If laboratory data are available, the A-1 , A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified as
A-1 -a, A-1 -b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional refinement,
the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group index number.
Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for
the poorest.
Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are
indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The percentages are
estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to weight
percentage.
Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the soil
fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves,
numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00,
0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests of
soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the
field.
Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics
of a soil . The estimates are based on test data from the survey area or from nearby
areas and on field examination.
References:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
51
Custom Soil Resource Report
Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated . The asterisk ' denotes the representative texture; other possible
textures follow the dash. The criteria for determining the hydrologic soil group for individual soil components is found in the
National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?
content= 17757.wba).
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pet Pet
4—Aquolls and
Aquepts, flooded
Aquolls 55 D 0-8 Variable — — 0 0 — — — — — —
8-60 Stratified sandy loam CL, CL- A-2, A-4, 0 0 80-100 75-100 50-90 20-80 20-40 5-20
to clay ML, SC, A-6
SC-SM
Aquepts, flooded 25 D 0-8 Variable — — 0 0 - - - - - -
8-60 Stratified sandy loam CL, CL- A-2, A-4, 0 0 80-100 75-100 50-90 20-80 20-40 5-20
to clay ML, SC, A-6
SC-SM
19—Colombo clay
loam, 0 to 1 percent
slopes
Colombo 85 C 0-14 Clay loam CL A-6 0 0 95-100 80-100 75-90 60-75 25-30 10-15
14-21 Stratified loam to clay CL A-6 0 0 95-100 75-100 75-90 50-70 20-30 10-15
loam
21 -60 Stratified sand to CL, CL-ML A-4, A-6 0-5 0-5 90-100 66-100 46-100 32-80 0-44 NP-25
loam to clay loam
52
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
35-Loup-Boel loamy
sands, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
Loup 55 A/D 0-16 Loamy sand SC-SM, A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 20-25 NP-5
SM
16-40 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 - NP
40-60 Sandy loam SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 60-70 30-40 25-30 5-10
SM
'
Boel 35 A 0-14 Loamy sand SC-SM, A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 20-25 NP-5
SM
14-60 Loamy sand SC-SM, A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 20-25 NP-5
SM
37—Nelson fine sandy
loam, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
Nelson 85 B 0-9 Fine sandy loam SC-SM, A-4 0 0-5 85-100 80-100 55-85 35-50 20-25 NP-5
SM
9-30 Fine sandy loam, ML, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 80-100 75-100 55-85 30-55 — NP
sandy loam
30-34 Weathered bedrock — — — — — — — — — —
38—Nelson fine sandy
loam, 3 to 9 percent
slopes
Nelson 85 B 0-9 Fine sandy loam SC-SM, A-4 0 0-5 85-100 80-100 55-85 35-50 20-25 NP-5
SM
9-30 Fine sandy loam, ML, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 80-100 75-100 55-85 30-55 — NP
sandy loam
30-34 Weathered bedrock — — — — — — — — — —
53
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
44—Olney loamy sand,
1 to 3 percent slopes
Olney 85 B 0-10 Loamy sand SP-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 90-100 50-75 10-30 15-20 NP-5
SM
10-20 Sandy clay loam, CL, CL- A-4, A-6 0 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 25-35 5-15
sandy loam ML, SC,
SC-SM
20-25 Sandy loam, sandy CL, CL- A-2, A-4 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-90 30-55 25-30 5-10
clay loam, fine ML, SC,
sandy loam SC-SM
25-60 Fine sandy loam, SC-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
loamy fine sand, SM
sandy loam
45—Olney loamy sand,
3 to 5 percent slopes
Olney 85 B 0-10 Loamy sand SM, SP- A-2 0 0 95-100 90-100 50-75 10-30 15-20 NP-5
SM
10-20 Sandy loam, sandy CL, CL- A-4, A-6 0 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 25-35 5-15
clay loam ML, SC,
SC-SM
20-25 Fine sandy loam, CL, CL- A-2, A-4 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-90 30-55 25-30 5-10
sandy clay loam, ML, SC,
sandy loam SC-SM
25-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
fine sand, fine SM
sandy loam
54
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
46—Olney fine sandy
loam, 0 to 1 percent
slopes
Olney 85 B 0-10 Fine sandy loam SC, SC- A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-50 25-30 5-10
SM
10-20 Sandy loam, sandy CL, CL- A-4, A-6 0 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 25-35 5-15
clay loam ML, SC,
SC-SM
20-25 Fine sandy loam, CL, CL- A-2, A-4 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-90 30-55 25-30 5-10
sandy clay loam, ML, SC,
sandy loam SC-SM
25-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
fine sand, fine SM
sandy loam
47—Olney fine sandy
loam, 1 to 3 percent
slopes
Olney 85 B 0-10 Fine sandy loam SC, SC- A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-50 25-30 5-10
SM
10-20 Sandy clay loam, CL, CL- A-4, A-6 0 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 25-35 5-15
sandy loam ML, SC,
SC-SM
20-25 Sandy loam, sandy CL, CL- A-2, A-4 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-90 30-55 25-30 5-10
clay loam, fine ML, SC,
sandy loam SC-SM
25-60 Fine sandy loam, SC-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
loamy fine sand, SM
sandy loam
55
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
48—Olney fine sandy
loam, 3 to 5 percent
slopes
Olney 85 B 0-10 Fine sandy loam SC, SC- A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-50 25-30 5-10
SM
10-20 Sandy clay loam, CL, CL- A-4, A-6 0 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 25-35 5-15
sandy loam ML, SC,
SC-SM
20-25 Sandy loam, sandy CL, CL- A-2, A-4 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-90 30-55 25-30 5-10
clay loam, fine ML, SC,
sandy loam SC-SM
25-60 Fine sandy loam, SC-SM, A-2 0 0 95-100 95-100 60-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
loamy fine sand, SM
sandy loam
49—Osgood sand, 0 to
3 percent slopes
Osgood 85 A 0-22 Sand SM, SP- A-2 0 0 100 100 50-70 5-15 - NP
SM
22-34 Sandy loam, sandy SC, SC- A-2, A-4, 0 0 100 100 60-80 30-40 20-35 NP-15
clay loam SM, SM A-6
34-60 Loamy sand, sand SM, SP- A-2 0 0 100 95-100 50-75 10-25 - NP
SM
51—Otero sandy loam,
1 to 3 percent slopes
Otero 85 A 0-12 Sandy loam SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 60-70 30-40 25-30 5-10
SM
12-60 Fine sandy loam, CL-ML, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 60-85 30-55 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam ML, SC-
SM, SM
56
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
I
52-Otero sandy loam,
3 to 5 percent slopes
1
Otero 85 A 0-12 Sandy loam SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 60-70 30-40 25-30 5-10
SM
12-60 Fine sandy loam, CL-ML, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 60-85 30-55 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam ML, SC-
SM, SM
I
57—Renohill clay loam,
3 to 9 percent slopes
Renohill 85 D 0-9 Clay loam CL A-6 0 0 100 100 90-100 70-80 30-40 10-20
9-32 Clay loam, clay CH, CL A-6, A-7 0 0 100 100 90-100 70-95 35-60 15-35
32-36 l Unweathered — — — — — — — — — —
bedrock
62—Terry fine sandy
loam, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
Terry 85 B 0-6 Fine sandy loam SC, SC- A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-50 25-30 5-10
SM
6-18 Fine sandy loam, ML, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 85-100 80-100 50-85 20-55 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam
18-37 Fine sandy loam, SM A-2, A-4 0-5 0-5 60-100 55-100 35-85 25-50 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam,
gravelly sandy
loam
37-41 Weathered bedrock — — — — — — — — — —
57
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
63-Terry fine sandy
loam, 3 to 9 percent
slopes
Terry 85 B 0-6 Fine sandy loam SC, SC- A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-50 25-30 5-10
SM
6-18 Fine sandy loam, ML, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 85-100 80-100 50-85 20-55 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam
18-37 Fine sandy loam, SM A-2, A-4 0-5 0-5 60-100 55-100 35-85 25-50 20-25 NP-5
sandy loam,
gravelly sandy
loam
37-41 Weathered bedrock - - - - - - - - - -
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3
percent slopes
Valent 85 A 0-5 Sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 100 74-81 7-12 0-22 NP-3
5-12 Loamy sand, sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-21 NP-4
12-30 Loamy sand, sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
30-80 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
I
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9
percent slopes
Valent 80 A 0-5 Sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 100 74-81 7-12 0-19 NP-3
5-12 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-21 NP-4
12-30 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
30-80 Sand, loamy sand SP-SM A-3 0 0 100 97-100 72-83 6-14 0-20 NP-4
58
Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Map unit symbol and Pct. of Hydrolo Depth USDA texture Classification Fragments Percentage passing sieve number— Liquid Plasticit
soil name map gic limit y index
unit group Unified AASHTO >10 3-10 4 10 40 200
inches inches
In Pct Pct Pct
72—Vona loamy sand,
0 to 3 percent slopes
Vona 85 A 0-6 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 — NP
6-28 Fine sandy loam, SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 60-90 30-45 20-30 NP-10
sandy loam SM, SM
28-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-85 15-40 20-25 NP-5
sand, loamy fine SM
sand
73—Vona loamy sand,
3 to 5 percent slopes
Vona 85 A 0-6 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 — NP
6-28 Fine sandy loam, SC, SC- A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 60-90 30-45 20-30 NP-10
sandy loam SM, SM
1
28-60 Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-85 15-40 20-25 NP-5
sand, loamy fine SM
sand
74—Vona loamy sand,
5 to 9 percent slopes
Vona 85 A 0-6 Loamy sand SM A-2 0 0 100 100 50-75 15-30 — NP
6-28 Fine sandy loam, SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 60-90 30-45 20-30 NP-10
sandy loam SM, SC
28-60 i Sandy loam, loamy SC-SM, A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-85 15-40 20-25 NP-5
sand, loamy fine SM
sand
59
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing . 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard 02487-00.
Cowardin, L.M . , V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31 .
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W. , and L. M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council . 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service. U .S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition . U .S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W. , Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section .
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1 .
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
60
Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean , and the Pacific Basin. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://www.nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961 . Land
capability classification. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290.pdf
61
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