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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20161457.tiff SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW (USR) APPLICATION FOR PLANNING DEPARTMENT USE DATE RECEIVED: 2/18/16 RECEIPT # /AMOUNT # /$ CASE # ASSIGNED: USR16-0006 APPLICATION RECEIVED BY PLANNER ASSIGNED: DA ParcelNumber1 4 7 1 _ 2 8 _ 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 5 9 (12 digit number - found on Tax I.D. information, obtainable at the Weld County Assessor's Office, or WNW co weld.co.us) Legal Description Lot A RE-3015, Part of the E 1 /2 of the NE 1 /4 , Section 28 , Township 1 North, Range 66 West Zone District: Agricultural , Total Acreage: 32.79 , Flood Plain: N/A , Geological Hazard: N/A Airport Overlay District: N/A FEE OWNER(S) OF THE PROPERTY: Name: RED OILFIELD SERVICES (Gerardo Rodriguez Zambrano) Work Phone # (720)471 -8838 Home Phone # (720)281 -2147 Email Redoilfieldservices@gmail.com Address: 537 N. 45th Ave. Address: City/State/Zip Code Brighton, CO 80601 Name: Work Phone # Home Phone # Email Address: Address: City/State/Zip Code Name: Work Phone # Home Phone # Email Address: Address: City/State/Zip Code APPLICANT OR AUTHORIZED AGENT (See Below: Authorization must accompany applications signed by Authorized Agent) Name: Chadwin F. Cox Work Phone # (720) 685-9951 Home Phone # (303) 913-7341 Email chadwin.cox@westerneci.com Address: 20 South 5th Ave., Unit B Address: City/State/Zip Code Brighton, CO 80601 PROPOSED USE: Oil and Gas Support & Service Facility I (We) hereby depose and state under penalties of perjury that all statements, proposals, and/or plans submitted with or contained within the application are true and correct to the best of my (our)knowledge. Signatures of all fee owners of property must sign this application. If an Authorized Agent signs, a letter of authorization from all fee owners must be included with the application. If a corporation is the fee owner, notarized evidence must be included indicating that the signatory has to legal authority to sign for the corporation. Lreart4. .4� q Lei* 2 VIIILe Signature: wner OrAuthorized Agent Date Signature: Owner or Authorized Agent Date Colorado Secretary of State Date and Time: 01/26/2015 09: 12 PM Document must be filed electronically. ID Number: 20131657665 Paper documents are not accepted. Fees & forms are subject to change. Document number: 20151062891 For more information or to print copies Amount Paid: $ 10.00 of filed documents, visit www.sos.state.co.us. ABOVE SPACE FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Periodic Report filed pursuant to §7-90-301 , et seq. and §7-90-501 of the Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S) ID number: 20131657665 Entity name: Red Oilfield Services Jurisdiction under the law of which the entity was formed or registered: Colorado 1 . Principal office street address: 333 Lilac Cir (Street name and number) Lochbuie CO 80603 (City) (State) (Postal/Zip Code) United States (Province— if applicable) (Country— if not US) 2. Principal office mailing address: (if different from above) (Street name and number or Post Office Box information) (City) (State) (Postal/Zip Code) (Province— if applicable) (Country— if not US) 3. Registered agent name: (if an individual) RODRIGUEZ ZAMBRANO GERARDO (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) or (if a business organization) 4. The person identified above as registered agent has consented to being so appointed. 5. Registered agent street address: 830 DOVE AVE (Street name and number) BRIGHTON CO 80601 (City) (State) (Postal/Zip Code) 6. Registered agent mailing address: (if different from above) (Street name and number or Post Office Box information) (City) (State) (Postal/Zip Code) (Province—if applicable) (Country— if not US) REPORT Page 1 of 2 Rev. 12/01/2012 Notice: Causing this document to be delivered to the secretary of state for filing shall constitute the affirmation or acknowledgment of each individual causing such delivery, under penalties of perjury, that the document is the individual's act and deed, or that the individual in good faith believes the document is the act and deed of the person on whose behalf the individual is causing the document to be delivered for filing, taken in conformity with the requirements of part 3 of article 90 of title 7, C.R.S., the constituent documents, and the organic statutes, and that the individual in good faith believes the facts stated in the document are true and the document complies with the requirements of that Part, the constituent documents, and the organic statutes. This perjury notice applies to each individual who causes this document to be delivered to the secretary of state, whether or not such individual is named in the document as one who has caused it to be delivered. 7. Name(s) and address(es) of the individual(s) causing the document to be delivered for filing: rodriguez zambrano gerardo (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) 333 lilac cir (Street name and number or Post Office Box information) lochbuie CO 80603 (City) State) (Postal/Zip Code) United States (Province— if applicable) (Country— if not US) (The document need not state the true name and address of more than one individual. However, if you wish to state the name and address of any additional individuals causing the document to be delivered for filing, mark this box II and include an attachment stating the name and address of such individuals.) Disclaimer: This form, and any related instructions, are not intended to provide legal, business or tax advice, and are offered as a public service without representation or warranty. While this form is believed to satisfy minimum legal requirements as of its revision date, compliance with applicable law, as the same may be amended from time to time, remains the responsibility of the user of this form. Questions should be addressed to the user's attorney. REPORT Page 2 of 2 Rev. 12/01/2012 IPS t- \ DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES 1555 N 17`x` AVE GREELEY. CO 80631 PHONE : (970) 353-6100 , Ext. 3540 FAX: (970) 304-6498 COLORADO AUTHORIZATION FORM i Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. represent Gerardo Rodriguez Zambrano for the property (Agent/Applicant) (Owner) located at '15Q3 C_CZ ?\ , u, A,Co LEGAL DESCRIPTION: SEC r)c TWN \ N RNG (Q; ( 0 W SUBDIVISION NAME: LOT BLK I can be contacted at the following phone #'s: Home (303)913-7341 Work (720)685-9951 Fax # (720)294- 1330 The property owner can be contacted at the following phone #'s Home - Work awl \ tn- Fax # Correspondence mailed to (only one) : AgentlApplicant Property Owner DATE 11- 1 is- t5 OWNER'S SIGNATURE 4crrryjo ficktr ) �/ \AI * .< WESTERN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, 20 South 5th Avenue, Brighton, CO 80601 INC. Ph. 720-685-9951, Fax 303-637-9618 Email:firstna.me.lastnameu esterneci.com February 18, 2016 Weld County Review Staff RE: RED OILFIELD SERVICES, LLC SPECIAL USE APPLICATION - QUESTIONNAIRE Responses: 1 . Explain, in detail, the proposed use of the property. The proposed use is a vehicle storage location for an oilfield roustabout business. An additional shop is proposed to be constructed in the future. • The existing mobile home (not currently inhabited per the Owner) is proposed to be utilized as a rental once the new well and new septic systems are approved and constructed. Renters may or may not be Red OFS employees. • Apparently the prior property owner ran a 1 inch diameter buried poly water line from the lot to the north - said water service to the mobile home has been disconnected as shown on the attached photo on February 10, 2016. Water service will only be provided once the newly permitted well is constructed. • The mobile home may be used as an office in the future only if the State Well Permit is converted to commercial use (current permit is only for residential use). • The future shop will include minor vehicle maintenance (oil changes, air filter, rotate tires, etc) and include a sand/oil interceptor as shown on the plans (which will be required to be pumped out when full - not released on site). Indoor welding for minor vehicle repairs is anticipated. An oil furnace will be utilized for oil waste. • A new septic system (engineered) will be designed to handle the mobile home as a residence (3 bedroom), or the mobile home as an office, and a potential future office in the future shop. 2,000 gpd will be the maximum design capacity. • Any exterior storage (minimal) will be screened with similar materials (7 food wood fence or screened chain link fencing). • A lighting plan is included with the submittal. • 20 parking stalls have been provided - an ADA stall (on concrete pavement) is noted on the plans near the mobile home for residential rental or future office. • Washing is also proposed for the future and shown on the plans - complete with a 2, 000 gallon underground tank that will require commercial pumping and removal from the site when near full - not released on site. • A future Fuel farm is also shown — it is understood a SPCC meeting County. State. and local fire requirements. Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. Page 2 Red Oilfield Services, LLC Special Use Application - Questionnaire February 18, 2016 F 2. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 22 (Comprehensive Plan). We believe the property is consistent with Weld County Code - Chapter 22. The adjacent properties are agricultural. The roustabout business is supported by local industrial needs as called for in Chapter 22. 3. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Code, Chapter 23 (Zoning) and the zone district in which it is located. We believe this site is consistent with Weld County Code. Chapter 23. It is currently zoned agricultural and it will remain agriculture. Section 23-3-20-8 allows for a single family dwelling unit and auxiliary quarters on a parcel of land. Section 23-3-20-1 allows for oil and gas production facilities. The proposed future building is for storage and maintenance of the oilfield roustabout business vehicles. 4. What type of uses surround the site? Explain how the proposed use is consistent and compatible with surrounding land uses. All adjacent properties are zoned agricultural. The home and proposed structures utilize a small portion of the property set back significantly from the adjacent property lines in each direction. The majority of the land will remain as `pasture" The current existing access is consistent with Recorded Exemption No. 1471-28- 1 RE3015. 5. Describe, in detail, the following: a) How many people will use this site? Only employees are expected to use this site. 12-20 people in the future. 6-8 currently. b) How many employees are proposed to be employed at this site? Currently. 7 employees work from this site. In the near future 12 employees are expected. At buildout it will be 20 total employees. Currently all employees are family. c) What are the hours of operation? The hours of operation are from 6:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. Monday through Saturday. d) What type and how many structures will be erected (built) on this site? One shop building is currently proposed in the future for pickup and small equipment (roller compactor. pickup trailers, etc) maintenance and repair. There is a Building Use Table included on sheet 3 of the USR. The pre-existing structures are expected to be used for non-flammable, non-hazardous storage (i.e. forms. concrete insulation blankets. etc). e) What type and how many animals, if any, will be on this site? Two watch dogs will be on the site. Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. Page 3 Red Oilfield Services, LLC Special Use Application - Questionnaire February 18, 2016 F f) What kind (type, size, weight) of vehicles will access this site and how often? Vehicles accessing the site will include cars, pickups, one ton trucks with trailers, and a backhoe. Vehicle weights will vary between four and twenty- eight thousand pounds. g) Who will provide fire protection to the site? The Fort Lupton Fire Department will provide fire protection to the site. h) What is the water source on the property? (Both domestic and irrigation). A well is currently proposed for the site and is approved per well permit number 299840. Should water be desired in the future shop and/or the mobile home converted to an office in the future - it is understood the current well permit will need to be amended to become commercial. It is intended water bottles and portable toilets will be used unless the well permit is amended. i) What is the sewage disposal system on the property? (Existing and proposed). A septic system is currently being designed for the site. j) If storage or warehousing is proposed, what type of items will be stored? Oil field roust-a-bout tools, and equipment (12 pickups, mowers, gooseneck trailers, 5/7 wheel trailers, roller, compactor and future fork lift and boom truck,) will be stored on the property. Any other ancillary materials (pallets, concrete insulation blankets, vehicle parts, etc) will be stored in the out buildings on site. 6. Explain the proposed landscaping for this site. The landscaping shall be separately submitted as a landscape plan map as part of the application submittal. Existing (currently 30 5" caliper trees) and proposed landscaping is expected to meet minimum county standards - to blend in with the existing conditions. 7. Explain any proposed reclamation procedures when termination of the Use by Special Review activity occurs. Not Applicable. No reclamation is anticipated. 8. Explain how the storm water drainage will be handled on the site. Storm runoff will remain consistent with existing conditions - however all flows in Basin B will be routed to Pond B and treated and attenuated consistent with WQCV, 10 year and 100 year levels (maximum release at or below the 5 year existing release). The effective impervious area proposed is less than 10% of the site. 9. Explain how long it will take to construct this site and when construction and landscaping is scheduled to begin. Construction is expected to take 5 months. (Complete by 10/2016) Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. Page 4 Red Oilfield Services, LLC Special Use Application - Questionnaire February 18, 2016 F 10. Explain where storage and/or stockpile of wastes will occur on this site. None proposed. 11 . Please list all proposed on-site and off-site improvements associated with the use (example: landscaping, fencing, drainage, turn lanes, etc. ) and a timeline of when you will have each one of the improvements completed . No off site improvements are proposed. On site improvements include the following: • On site access widening for 2 way and fire rated (width, load, etc) access. • New chain link fencing on the north and south and west • Vehicle tracking control to be located at the entrance gate • Business Signage near site entrance gate • On site parking layout (inside 7 foot wood fence screening area) • Construct new well in accordance with the State Well permit issued Jan 2016 • Design and construction of an engineered septic system • Stormwater capture, conveyance, treatment, and attenuation to Weld County standards • Demolition of an existing shed in the southwest corner - continued trash clean up from the site (trash from the prior owner) • Trash enclosure (screened) • Lighting design for phased construction (for access, parking, entrance, etc) • Coordination with the Brighton Lateral prescriptive easement needs • Future 7, 200 sf metal maintenance shop building (possible interior office) • Additional future screened gravel yard around future shop building • Future screening fence (7 foot wood matching existing fence) • On site grading to promote and maintain positive runoff In addition to each of the above items — WEC has held conversations with Mr. Howard coordinating the drainage design and WEC has coordinated with Staff Planning regarding any remaining issues. Please also see the Neighborhood Meeting Minutes included within this resubmittal. We appreciate the opportunity to submit this application for your review. Should you have any questions please don't hesitate to call Gerardo Rodriguez Zambrano at (720)281 -2147, Noel Rodriguez at (720)471 -8838, Saira Rodriguez at (303)-931 -1609 or Chad Cox, PE at Western Engineering (720)-685-9951 . Sincerely, WESTERN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, INC. Chadwin F. Cox Professional Engineer Sustainable Traffic Solutions Si'S Joseph L. Henderson PE , PTOE Traffic Engineer / Principal January 29, 2016 Mr. Chadwin Cox, PE Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. 20 South 5th Avenue Brighton , CO 80601 RE: Trip Generation Estimate for Red Oilfield Service in Weld County Dear Chad , Based on your request, Sustainable Traffic Solutions, Inc. (STS) prepared this trip generation estimate for the Red Oilfield Service in Weld County. The business, an oilfield service business, is located on the west side of WCR 31 between WCR 4 and WCR 6 at 1523 WCR 31 . A trip generation estimate has been prepared based on information provided by the applicant via Western Engineering Consultants (see Table 1 ). The applicant stated that it has seven employees, plans to grow to 20 employees, and only utilizes pickup trucks. The table contains an estimate of the daily and peak hour trips for an average weekday. The trip generation estimate shows that the daily trips are projected to grow from 21 to 60 trips. Table 1 also includes an estimate of one-way and round trips by classification . Approximately 11 round trips occur each day and is expected to increase to 30 round trips with 20 employees. The trip distribution is expected to be 10% to the north and 90% to the south . Please contact me at 303.589.6875 or at 'oe(c�sustainabletrafficsolutions.com to discuss the contents of this report. Sincerely, (it-FY 2L-&L-a-, Joseph L. Henderson , PE , PTOE Project Manager / Principal Red Oilfield Service Trip Generation Letter 823 West 124th Drive Westminster, Colorado 80234 303.589.6875 joe@sustainabletrafficsolutions.com Table 1 . Trip Generation Estimate Average Daily Trips Morning Peak Hour Trips Evening Peak Hour Trips Land Use ITE Code 1 Size Unit Rate Total In Out Rate Total In Out Rate Total In Out General Light Industrial (Existing) 110 7 Employees 3.02 21 11 11 0.44 4 3 1 0.42 3 1 2 General Light Industrial (Long Term) 110 20 Employees 3.02 60 30 30 0.44 8 7 1 0.42 9 2 7 Notes: 1. Trip generation estimates are based on rates contained in Trip Generation, 9th Edition (Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2012). One-Way Trips by Vehicle Classification Average Daily Trips ' Morning Peak Hour Trips Evening Peak Hour Trips Number of Employees Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Total Total Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV Total Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV 7 21 21 0 0 4 4 0 0 3 3 0 0 20 60 60 0 0 8 8 0 0 9 9 0 0 Notes: 1 . The applicant only utilizes pickup trucks. Two-Way Trips by Vehicle Classification Average Daily Trips Morning Peak Hour Trips Evening Peak Hour Trips Number of Employees Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Passenger Tandem Semi-Truck / Total Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV Total Total Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV Vehicle Truck Trailer / RV 7 11 11 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 20 30 30 0 0 4 4 0 0 5 5 0 0 C:1Users\JoelDocuments\Projectsllnactive\Weld County\Red Oilfield Services\Red Oilfield Service 1/28/2016 Trip Gen 4:21 PM o C0o �� tiA Weld County Public Works Dept. .k• -L 1111 H Street ACCESS PERMIT „4 ; e 'c,) P.O. Box 758 K/tsto r' ' Greeley, CO 80632 APPLICATION FORM .c \N O Phone: (970)304-6496 Fax: (970)304-6497 Applicant Property Owner (If different than Applicant) Name Gerardo Rodriguez Zambrano Name Red Oilfield Services LLC Company Red Oilfield Services LLC Address 537 N. 45th Ave Address 537 N . 45th Ave City Brighton State CO Zip 80601 City Brighton State CO Zip 80601 Phone (720)471 -8838 Business Phone (720)471 -8838 Fax E-mailax Redoilfieldservices@gmail .com E-mail Redoilfieldservices@gmail .com ♦ = Existing Access A= Proposed Access Parcel Location & Sketch The access is on WCR 31 Nearest Intersection: WCR 31 & WCR 6 WCR 6 Distance from Intersection 1 4 50 / Parcel Number 147128000059 Section/Township/Range 28/T1 N/R66W /,I, 31 u U Is there an existing access to the property . O YES NO QZ__4_ N 3 3 Number of Existing Accesses Road Surface Type & Construction Information Asphalt n Gravel [X Treated ❑ Other WCR Culvert Size & Type Materials used to construct Access Construction Start Date Finish Date Proposed Use ❑Temporary (Tracking Pad Required)/ $75 [Mingle Residential/$75 ❑ Industrial/$150 ®Small Commercial or Oil & Gas/$75 El Large Commercial/$150 ❑ Subdivision/$150 ❑ Field (Agriculture Only)/Exempt Is this access associated with a Planning Process? . No Isk USR RE ❑PUD _ Other Required Attached Documents - Traffic Control Plan -Certificate of Insurance - Access Pictures (From the Left, Right, & into the access) By accepting this permit, the undersigned Applicant, under penalty of perjury, verifies that they have received all pages of the permit application; they have read and understand ail of the permit requirements and provisions set forth on all pages; that they have the authority to sign for and bind the Applicant, if the Applicant is a corporation or other entity; and that by virtue of their signature the Applicant is bound by and agrees to comply with all said permit requirements and provisions, all Weld County ordinances, and state laws regarding facilities construction. J Signature /feral-4,4 ..l {,e? v Printed NameetWO�,( Co cZotevyeZ-G Date '- �� • 1 Approval or Denial will be issued in minimum of 5 days. Approved by Revised Date 6/29/10 General Liability Policy- Declarations ACE USA Bankers Standard Insurance Company ❑ ACE Property and Casualty Insurance Company 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 Century Indemnity Company ] Indemnity Insurance Company of North America 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 ACE Fire Underwriters Insurance Company Insurance Company of North America 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3703 ACE American Insurance Company Pacific Employers Insurance Company 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 436 Walnut Street, PO Box 1000 Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 19106-3703 Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 19106-3703 POLICY IDENTIFICATION PMG G2680131A 002 NAMED INSURED AND ADDRESS PRIOR POLICY NO. OR NEW: G2680131A Red Oilfield Services LLC PRODUCER CODE: 279278 333 Lilac Circle Eydent Insurance Services LLC 3700 E River Road Lochbuie, CO 80603 Mt Pleasant MI 48858 MARKETING OFFICE CGU MARKET HAZARD CODE• PIIC CODE: 1389 INDUSTRY CODE: POLICY IS : RENEWAL OF G2680131A 002 NAMED INSURED IS : Limited Liability Company BUSINESS OF INSURED : Roustabout Oilfield Services POLICY PERIOD : FROM 3/19/2015 TO 3/19/2016 12 :01 A. M. STANDARD TIME AT YOUR MAILING ADDRESS SHOWN ABOVE PREMIUM PAYMENT CONDITIONS AUDIT PERIOD : N/A PAYMENT FREQUENCY : Annual PAYMENT SCHEDULE : Due at Inception TOTAL ADVANCE PREMIUM $6,500 PREMIUMS RESULTING FROM AUDIT ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE. LD-8E00B (8/96) Printed in the U.S.A. POLICY IDENTIFICATION DECLARATIONS — GENERAL LIABILITY POLICY Page 2 LFMG G2680131A 002 COVERAGES AND LIMITS OF INSURANCE In return for the payment of premium indicated above, we agree with you to provide the following coverage(s) at the limits shown, subject to all of the terms and conditions of this policy. Coverage Form: Limits of Insurance COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY Each Occurrence Limit $1 ,000.000 Damage to Premises Rented to You Limit 8100.000 Medical Expense Limit (any one person or organization) S10.000 Personal & Advertising Injury Limit S1 .000,000 General Aggregate Limit (other than Products/Completed Operations) S2.000.000 Products/Completed Operations Aggregate Limit S2,000,000 LIQUOR LIABILITY Each Common Cause Limit SNone Aggregate Limit SNone Deductible SNone SCHEDULE OF LOCATIONS LOCATION NUMBER AND ADDRESS As per schedule on file with company LD-2F52b (ED. 10/01 ) Printed in U.S.A. AA007274a • • r Ir , .: • • e -al I N e'r.. r :"", -mil, -. Jr. r • '!•- 1 ..•e . 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I- ti • •. - _ r . . ! • J lam • ] Js a � � •. .� � ."( t i • � • • I • • '•"- 4 '. •' • - ASTERN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, _ 20 South 5th Avenue Suite B, Brighton, CO 80112 Ph. 303-913-7341, Fax 720-294-1330 Inc LLC I I February 1 , 2016 Neighbor Property Owner To 1523 County Road 31 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 RE: RED OILFIELD SERVICES, LLC - 1523 County Road 31 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 Dear Neighbor: Western Engineering Consultants, Inc. (WEC) is providing this letter on behalf of Red Oilfield Services, LLC who is inviting you to attend a neighborhood meeting regarding their proposed Weld County USR, located at 1523 County Road 31 . The meeting is to be held at in the Community Room at The Armory at Brighton Cultural Center, 300 Strong St. , Brighton, CO 80601 at 6pm on Tuesday, February 9, 2015. Weld County requires the Development Applicant to host a neighborhood meeting to inform the community and present the proposed development. Attached to this letter is the Overall Site Plan from the USR. A future shop building totaling 7,200 square feet is proposed on the 32. 79 acre lot that fronts County Road 31 . Gerardo Rodriguez Zambrano, on behalf of Red Oilfield Services, LLC, is the Developer of this property/project. We are eager to meet with any of you that are interested and discuss this project! Please contact me with any questions or comments you may have. Sincerely, Western Engineering Consultants Inc. Chadwin F. Cox, F. E. Senior Project Manager Sketch Plan — Red Oilfield Services Concept Site Plan (1 drawing) FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT FOR RED OILFIELD SERVICE PART OF THE E 1 NE 'A SEC 28, T1N, R66W WELD COUNTY COLORADO CASE NO. GERARDO RODRIGUEZ RED OILFIELD SERVICE 537 N 45TH AVENUE BRIGHTON, CO 80601 720-471-8838 -< Original February 18, 2016 Westery Sin,gLvteerLvte Cov'sul,tatAts Lwc LLC 20 South 5th Avevtue suite g BrU itovt, Co 20O01 FINAL DRAINAGE REPORT FOR RED OILFIELD SERVICE PART OF THE E '/2 NE 'A SEC 28, T1N, R66W WELD COUNTY, COLORADO Prepared For: Gerardo Rodriguez 537 N. 45th Avenue Brighton, CO 80601 720-471 -8838 Prepared By: WESTERN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS inc LLC 20 South 5th Avenue Suite B Brighton, CO 80601 (303) 913-7341 Contact: Chadwin F. Cox, P.E. Original: February 18, 2016 WECI Project No. 00.0221 .001 .00 Weld County Case Number: CERTIFICATIONS I hereby certify that this report and plan for the drainage design of Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx was prepared by me, or under my direct supervision, for the owners thereof, in accordance with the provisions of Weld County Codes and Urban Drainage and Flood Control District Design and Technical Criteria, and approved variances and exceptions hereto. I understand that Weld County does not and will not assume liability for drainage facilities designed by others. Chadwin F. Cox, P.E. Registered Professional Engineer State of Colorado No. 33802 Gerardo Rodriguez hereby certifies that the drainage facilities for Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx design shall be constructed according to the design presented in this report. I understand that Weld County does not and will not assume liability for the drainage facilities designed and/or certified by my engineer, and that Weld County reviews drainage plans pursuant to Colorado revised Statutes Title 30, Article 28, but cannot, on behalf of Red Oilfield Services USR16-00xx, guarantee that final drainage design review will absolve Red Oilfield Services/or their successors and/or assigns of future liability for improper design. I further understand that approval of the MUSR16-00xx Site Plan, and/or Final Construction Plans do not imply approval of my engineer 's drainage design. Red Oilfield Service Gerardo Rodriguez TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 I. GENERAL LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION 1 A. SITE LOCATION 1 B. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY 4 II. DRAINAGE BASINS AND SUB-BASINS 4 A. MAJOR DRAINAGE BASINS 4 B. MINOR DEVELOPED DRAINAGE BASINS 5 I. Basin A (7.281 acres) 6 2. Basin B (25.51 acres) 6 3. Basin W31 (1. 11 acres) 7 4. Basin E31 (1. 11 acres) 7 III. DRAINAGE DESIGN CRITERIA 7 A. REGULATIONS 7 B. DRAINAGE STUDIES, OUTFALL SYSTEMS PLANS, SITE CONSTRAINTS 8 C. HYDROLOGY 8 D. HYDRAULICS 9 E. WATER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT 9 F. GROUNDWATER 9 IV. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITY DESIGN 10 A. STORMWATER CONVEYANCE FACILITIES 10 B. STORM WATER STORAGE FACILITIES 10 C. WATER QUALITY BMP's 12 D. FLOODPLAIN 12 E. GROUNDWATER 12 F. ADDITIONAL PERMITTING 12 V. CONCLUSIONS 12 A. COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS 12 B. VARIANCES 12 C. DRAINAGE CONCEPT 13 D. ADDITIONAL ITEMS 13 VI. REFERENCES 14 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Vicinity Map (USGS) Key Map FIRM Panels Soil Survey Map & Soil Legend Geotechnical Study Site Legal Description APPENDIX B Rational Method Runoff Calculations APPENDIX C Empirical Detention Calculations Modified FAA Detention Calculations Required Design Pond Volumes Channel Capacities, etc. APPENDIX D Red Oilfield Service Historic/Existing Drainage Plan, Final Developed Drainage Plan, and Grading and Drainage Details (full size — 24 x 36) INTRODUCTION This study provides the final design for the construction of the Red Oilfield Service site (per USR16-00xx). The overall Red Oilfield Service site is an approximate 33.9 +/- acre property as defined by the legal description in Appendix A. The proposed Red Oilfield Service USR includes five existing structures (totaling 4,122 sf), one proposed future 7,200 sf metal shop buildings, a traditional detention facility, and approximately an additional 6,006 sf of recycled asphalt access immediately proposed with an additional 45,600 sf proposed in the future with the future shop. Weld County Road 31 lies to the east and Weld County Road 6 lies approximately a '/4 mile to the north of this site. WCR 4 lies roughly 'A mile south. The entire Red Oilfield Service site and all adjacent and surrounding properties historically released to the South Platte River. It is unclear where and if all properties in this area release direct to the South Platte River due to the distance away, but it is clear the Brighton Lateral receives much of the runoff when the ditch is not at capacity. Based on initial coordination with the County, no Final Drainage Studies for adjacent properties were known to exist. I. GENERAL LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION A. Site Location The property lies in the East '/2 of the Northeast '/4 of Section 28, Township 1 North, Range 66 West of the 6th P.M. The overall Red Oilfield Service property entails 34.77 acres -/-. WCR 31 lies along the eastern border and WCR 6 is approximately '/ mile to the north. A vicinity and key map of the site are included in Appendix A of this study as well as on the following page. The scales below are not accurate since the maps included herein are for exhibit purposes only. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 1 of 14 „... ) , U // O ___ , c ‘.,-- 1 ) j PCH_____F-- - Munger Reservoir � i N_�e r-1.. COUNTY RD t) ' )\ a‘ \ _6 ,Mmber nger_ l CR �1 `. ` Nu 1 ( "31 1 ') f 1 Dam 1 1 \: PROJECT e\ ' , , ,1) , ) ' LOCAT ON -,jr 7 i ,�ir ).?f L,i _.---7 7- htit cc_ _ _ ___________) \ 11430 .......CrN--"N------>) ( ii B'p0y (7- � w I �'4'\i. �` WCR4 , / if / 'LINTY Rn c(s@z„ \ i- Delventhal r's' � � %� Farm J Hy H ---1 _ , I i ....‘K________\,,\ Airport J ;l J 9 1 i \ cmc go.. „.„. 1\ \.______& BRIGHTON eP ___-:- :\ 6>) ) Ic) \ L.----- •, _ L\ VICINITY MAP SCALE 1 " = 2 ,000' PART OF E 1 /2, NE 1/4, S28, TIN, R66W, 6th P.M. SHOWN VICINITY MAP TAKEN FROM USGS QUAD MAP - FORT LUPTON 40104-A7 Specifically, the proposed Red Oilfield Service site is immediately west of Weld County Road 31 between WCR 4 and WCR 6. Red Oilfield Service USRI6-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 2 of 14 4. , fI I * Y1' 4 . +,�' , .. . , - J' /, r - 1. ,• • ,.w �l __ 1• • tr\ M ii 1 \ . , . , ai �% • �r r1410 w TAY,"-Y 1 i i1 ' "..„1/4 0 • i i Ct lir1!M t F*Ps- . _ _ . _ _ ._ - _ . 4►" ,. ,, , , J. 13,., w, , . . • _ _ its.iftiors, ,. .0„. 41 III *it ; e - , - Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # Februaiy 18, 2016 Page 3 of 14 B. Description of Property The property was originally Lot B of Recorded Exemption RE 1471 -28- 1 RE 1657 recorded November 4, 1994. It was then modified by RE1471-28-1-RE3015 recorded June 5, 2001 becoming Lot A. Currently this parcel is nearly a continuous slope from southeast to northwest with minimal grasses and shrub vegetation. Existing slopes average range from 2. 1% to 3.0 % from southwest to northeast towards the South Platte River. The historic slopes appear to be 2.0% based on the USGS Quad from east to west. The existing grades in general match the historical direction per USGS Quad maps - sloping generally east to west towards the South Platte River (approximately 5 miles downstream of this site), however the Brighton Lateral intercepts all low flows from this site. Only under full Brighton Lateral flows would runoff exceed the ditch capacity and continue westerly following the historical flow path off site. The property is primarily NRCS Unit Symbol 76 (Vona sandy loam with 1 to 3% slopes), soil type A. The southern portion of the site soil type is NRCS Unit Symbol 70 (Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 % slopes) which is a Group A soil that is well drained. The western portion is NRCS Unit Symbol 75 (Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 % slopes), soil Type A. A small portion in the southeast corner is Unit Symbol 73 (Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5% slopes), also Soil Type A. Lastly a small area on the north is Unit Symbol 56 (Renohill clay loam, - to 3% slopes) that is well drained and a Soil Type D — no improvements exist or are proposed in this area. Soils classifications were taken from Hydrologic Soil Type Map (Appendix A) USDA Soil Survey. II. DRAINAGE BASINS AND SUB-BASINS A. Major Drainage Basins The Red Oilfield Service Site (USR16-00xx) is solely within the South Platte River basin and all existing and developed drainage is tributary to the South Platte River. The historic and existing basins are shown on sheet 6 of 12. HISTORIC Basin H (32.79 ac) is the entire parcel that sheet flows from east to west. It is assumed based on the existing topography that the historic grades in this area were similar to existing conditions of 1 .8 to 3.0%. As noted previously, the site is primarily NRCS Soil Type A. Only a small portion is Soil Type D (northern couple of acres). The Historic effective imperviousness value used was 2.0%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 0.54 cfs, and the major storm runoff approximately 21 .55 cfs. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # Februaiy 18, 2016 Page 4 of 14 EXISTING Basin E 1 (7.281 ac) is that smaller portion of the overall parcel on the south that is slightly split form the rest of the parcel by a small ridge. Basin E 1 was modeled as undeveloped farm ground with exception to the 2, 136 sft metal and frame shed. It should be noted approximately 1 ,515 sft will be demolished and only 648 sft will remain. The effective imperviousness is 2.62%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 0.38 cfs, and the major storm runoff is approximately 10.32 cfs. Basin El becomes Basin A in the developed condition. Basin E2 (25.51 ac) is the remainder of the parcel that sheet flows west by northwest towards the South Platte River and to the Brighton Lateral Ditch. Basin E2 was modeled based on the topography at the time of the survey for this project (January 2016) — with approximately 3,475 sft of buildings and 50,695 sft of recycled asphalt and gravel. The effective imperviousness as of the survey was 6.75%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff at that time was approximately 4.67 cfs, and the major storm runoff approximately 41 .55 cfs. OFFSITE Basin OFF 1 (310 ac) is that area upstream of the Red Oilfield Site that historically drained through the Red OFS site towards the South Platte River. This basin is made up of entirely existing farm ground and currently only reaches the Red OFS site under a major storm event or continual smaller events whereas roadside ditches such as those along WCR 31 are overtopped. Under those conditions runoff is conveyed overland in a sheet flot toward the Brighton Lateral. Should the Brighton Lateral ever overtop, flows would be conveyed across the downstream property (west by northwest) and onwards to the South Platte River as they historically have. Should the OFF 1 basin ever develop - adequate attenuation (assumed to release at or below the 5 year historic rate for that basin) would be required per current Weld County code and in a fashion similar to historic (sheet flow). The effective imperviousness value assumed was 2.0%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 10.75 cfs, and the major storm runoff approximately 430.93 cfs. Through coordination with the County and City, it appears no prior or current Final Drainage Report exists on file for this property or any immediate surrounding development. B. Minor Developed Drainage Basins The Developed sub-basins related to this project are shown on sheet 7 of 12. This study provides the final developed drainage characteristics for the - 32.79 acre site. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 5 of 14 Although the entire Weld County Road 31 drains west to the right of way road side ditch, the ditch is lower than the adjacent Red OFS site and therefore under normal flows do not enter the site. The existing right of way has not been identified as a current contributing basin and should it be paved in the future it is expected Weld County will handle the routing of developed flows. The Developed basins for the Red OFS site (SPR16-00xx) are defined as Basins A and B. Developed Basin A matches existing Basin El in size and developed Basin B matches existing Basin E2. The weighted average imperviousness for the fully developed site (Basins A and B) is 7.49%. Each minor storm event referred to below is the 5 year event and each major storm event referred to below is the 100 year event. The 10 year event has also been calculated. Calculations are carried out to the hundredths for consistency purposes only. 1 . Basin A (7.281 acres) Basin A is the southern portion of the parcel that has very minimal existing imperviousness and no current or future proposed improvements. Runoff from Basin A begins along the south boundary and will sheet flow southeast to northwest through open pasture and offsite to the Brighton Lateral. Runoff sheet flows near Design Point 1 just upstream of the Brighton Lateral. A shallow depression exists just upstream of the Brighton Lateral which is likely to capture most storm events. The anticipated effective maximum imperviousness is 2.21% (less than existing E1 since approximately 1 ,515 sft of existing shed are demolished). The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 0.29 cfs, and the major storm runoff is approximately 10. 19 cfs. 2. Basin B (25.51 acres) Basin B is the northern majority of the parcel that has both existing and all proposed improvements. Runoff from Basin A begins along the eastern boundary and will sheet flow east to west by northwest through open pasture and either directly into proposed Swale WB or Pond B. Once captured in the grass swale or Pond B - runoff will be conveyed to Design Point 2 which is the Pond B outlet structure. Swale WB is required to have an 8 foot wide bottom and be 1 foot deep. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 6 of 14 A short berm approximately 2.5 feet makes up the inside of Pond B with a retaining wall at the crest of 5066.62 to 5066.70 which is created by 1 foot wide and 1 inch depths spaced every 5 feet in order to regulate the 100 year attenuation released at the 5 year existing rate. The extents (each end) of the 404 foot wall increase to 5066.90 in order to contain the emergency flows calculated at twice the developed 100 year runoff contributing to Pond B (which reach 5066.86). The anticipated effective maximum imperviousness is 9.0%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 5. 17 cfs, and the major storm runoff is approximately 39.91 cfs. 3. Basin W31 (1 . 11 acres) Basin W31 is the west 'A right of way for Weld County Road 31 which includes the entire road as it currently exists. Runoff from all of WCR 31 drains west to the road side ditch and then north beyond this property at Design Point 3. Basin W31 was modeled as the existing gravel road and the remainder of the 1/2 right of way as undeveloped. The effective imperviousness was 33.72%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 0.72 cfs, and the major storm runoff is approximately 2.47 cfs. 4. Basin E31 (1 . 11 acres) Basin E31 is the east 1/2 right of way (30 feet) that is currently undeveloped. Runoff from E31 either is typically infiltrated into the existing ground or only under a major event or repetitive minor events will Basin E31 flow north to the extent of WCR 31 along this property at Design Point 4. Basin E31 was modeled as undeveloped farm ground. The effective imperviousness was 2.0%. The minor (5yr) storm runoff is approximately 0.04 cfs, and the major storm runoff is approximately 1 .42 cfs. III. DRAINAGE DESIGN CRITERIA A. Regulations The calculations provided in this letter report have been prepared in conformance with the "Weld County Storm Drainage Criteria Addendum to the Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manuals Volumes 1, 2, and 3 " (WCSDC - Ref 1) adopted by Weld County October, 2006 and Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 7 of 14 "Urban Drainage Flood Control District (UDFCD) Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Volumes I thru 111" (Ref 2), unless otherwise noted. All design elements outlined in this letter report, and illustrated in the construction plans, are proposed as final conditions (as directed, assumed, or otherwise prepared) in order to complete the development of this Project. B. Drainage Studies, Outfall Systems Plans, Site Constraints No apparent Final Drainage Study appears to have been prepared as part of this property in the past. Coordination with County staff previously confirmed no Final Drainage Report is known to exist for this property or immediately surrounding properties. The constraints identified as part of the design of this project included the following: • lack of existing storm drainage infrastructure in the area • constructed existing conditions at the time of the site survey (Jan 2016) • Brighton Lateral along the western border C. Hydrology The rainfall intensity information was obtained from the NOAA Atlas using 1 hour rainfall depths as taken from UDSDC Manual Vol 1 (Ref 2). The "Weld County Storm Drainage Criteria Addendum to the Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manuals Volumes 1, 2, and 3 " (WCSDC - Ref 1) adopted by Weld County October, 2006 identifies the 100 year and 10 year event storm rainfall data per USDCM (Ref 2) Tables RO-1 through RO-6 or by NOAA Atlas if USDCM Tables RO- 1 through RO-12 do not include that area of Weld County. Upon review of the aforementioned County Standard (Ref 1), the NOAA Atlas Data derived data per the Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual (Vol 1) Figures RA-1 through RA-6 for 1 hour rainfall depths at 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 year events are as follows: WEC Derived from USDCM NOAA Atlas DESIGN STORM 1-hr Event (inches) 2 0.95 5 1 .42 10 1 .68 100 2.71 The temporal distribution derived from the NOAA Atlas by WEC for the 1 -hour design storm was 2.71 inches rainfall depth for the 100-year storm, 1 .68 inches rainfall depth for the 10- year storm, and 1 .42 inches rainfall depth for the 5 year storm. The Rational Method for storm-water runoff calculations, using the Equations as described in the UDFCD (Reference 2) Criteria Manual Chapter 5 Runoff was used to calculate Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 8 of 14 stormwater flows within this study. The run-off coefficient 'C' values were obtained from the UDFCD (Reference 2) Criteria Manual as well based on the predominate NRCS Soil Type. It appears no on site water quality or detention has been provided or maintained for any of the adjacent or neighboring properties. The use of weighted runoff coefficients is to accurately portray the proposed final conditions of the maximum build out (maximum lot coverage) for this project based on the best available information at this time. Sole use of Table RO-5 is applicable for Master Plan Drainage analysis including projects of this type — however calculation of proposed final conditions using weighted runoff coefficients provides a more thorough and accurate analysis. The only detriment to the assumed maximum imperviousness of this development (abundance of gravel access and parking) compared to the use of Table RO-5 would arise if the owner desired to pave the access and parking areas. If that should occur in the future, Pond B would not provide the required minor and major storm attenuation and would need redesigned. No additional paving or structures are expected or have been analyzed herein beyond what is shown on this USR16-00xx. One large offsite basin has been identified to contribute runoff upstream of this project site at this time. However it is important to note Basin OFF 1 historically passed through this site prior to the construction of WCR 31 and the Brighton Lateral. D. Hydraulics The conveyance of onsite site stormwater occurs overland through gravel access areas and pasture areas ultimately is conveyed to Pond B. There are no major drainage ways on this site, but the South Platte River lies approximately less than 10 miles to the west. E. Water Quality Enhancement Water quality capture volume calculations have been performed based on Basin B in accordance with the UDFCD Criteria Manual (Reference 2). F. Groundwater A Project Geotechnical Report and Engineered Septic design is currently underway by Soilogic. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 9 of 14 While moderate groundwater tables are assumed (due to the proximity to the Brighton lateral and further away the South Platte River), developed runoff is not anticipated to increase groundwater levels in this area due to the adequate conveyances designed. IV. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITY DESIGN A . Stormwater Conveyance Facilities Runoff analysis for stormwater management has been included and presented in this report. No Master study exists for this area. Calculations for empirical water quality volume and UDFCD Modified FAA minor and major storm attenuation based on the release at the 5 year existing rate are included in Appendix C. In general the runoff from pervious areas and all disturbed areas as part of this project will be routed overland and ultimately captured by Swale WB and Pond B. Capacity calculations for concrete pans and the proposed Swale are included in Appendix C. B. Stormwater Storage Facilities Stormwater storage (water quality and detention) is currently proposed in Pond B. UDFCD Criteria Volumes (Ref 2) were referenced for determining allowable empirical release rates based on imperviousness, acreage, and NRCS Soil Type. Pursuant to Weld County Drainage Criteria for sites without formal drainage outfalls — the developed 100 year release has been designed to attenuate to the current 5 year release for the site using the Modified FAA storage volume method for Basin B (Existing Basin E2). Basin A (Existing Basin El) is not proposed to receive any future imperviousness and was not attenuated. Should that condition change — a detention Pond A will be required to be designed and constructed. The Existing release rate from Basin E2 is 4.67 and 41 .55 cfs for the 5 and 100 year events per UDFCD point rainfall. For Basin B the Modified FAA volume for the existing 5 year rate = 4.67 cfs for the major event equated to 64,589 cft (not including one half the water quality capture volume). The Modified FAA volume for a release not to exceed the existing 5 year rate (4.67 cfs) but in this case identified as 3.32 cfs per allowable UDFCD release rates for 10 year developed soil types — was calculated as 12,806 cfs (not including 120% of the water quality capture volume). The rainfall IDF values were not modified from the Denver area values. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 10 of 14 The total volumes used for identifying actual water surface elevations based on the Pond B stage storage characteristics were 6,802 cf (empirical wqcv), 19,608 cf (10 yr plus wqcv), and 67,950 cf (100 yr plus 50% wqcv). The corresponding water surfaces for Pond B are 5065.18 (wqcv), 5065.65 (l0yr plus wqcv), and 5066.62 (100 yr plus 50% wqcv). The Empirical and Modified FAA storage volume methods are included in Appendix C. Comparison of the UDFCD Modified FAA major storm volume calculations to the empirical method are dramatically different based on the constraint of the developed release to be held at or below the 5 year existing/historic rate. The empirical releases for the 10 year and 100 year events for NRCS Soil Types B are 0.23 cfs per acre and 0.85 cfs per acre. The calculated required empirical volumes for the water quality (WQCV) volume, minor (10 year), and major (100 year) events were 6,802 cf, 14,189 cf (w/ 100% wqcv), and 18,413 cf (w/ 50% wqcv) respectively. Pond B is required to release in similar manner to the historic and existing release path (sheet flow). Due to the location of the Brighton Lateral immediately adjacent to the west downstream property border — the Pond has been designed to release low flows (10 year and more frequent events) into an ungrouted riprap section downstream of the pond. Said ungrouted riprap section is bound by a retaining wall on the upstream side and a flow spreader grade wall downstream. It is expected all low flows will release into the ungrouted riprap section, spread out, and build up (3 inch minimum depression below the downstream grade wall) before spilling over the grade wall onto existing grades. Due to the flow rate of WQCV exceeding the existing 5 year release — the water quality hole release will be regulated by setting the waterman gate (as requested by the Brighton Lateral) at a depth of 0.76 feet opening above the invert of the 18 inch RCP which was calculated at the 10 year release. The major release will be regulated by a 404 foot long broad crested weir wall with 1 foot wide by 1 inch deep notches (elevation 5066.62) spaced every 5 feet in order to maintain flows do not exceed the 5 year existing flow of 4.67 cfs. Beyond the major storm release — the 404 foot wide wall will release two times the 100 year developed in flow of 80 cfs at 2 inches above the 5066.70 wall elevation (water surface of 5066.86). The ends of the 404 foot wall and southern and northern grades have been set at 5066.90 in order to contain major events. 1 foot of freeboard was unable to be achieved based on releasing onto existing downstream grades and the required size of the pond and acceptable pond bottom grades. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 11 of 14 C. Water Quality BMP's Based on the surrounding grade constraints and neighboring agricultural activities; no BMP's in accordance with current UDFCD Volume III criteria (Ref 2) have been proposed for this project. D. Floodplain This project does not lie within a floodplain. No current FIRM exists for this property. The entire parcel lies outside of Zone X on FIRM Map 080266 0868 C and FIRM Map 080183 0001B — see the FEMA Map Store locator map included Appendix A. E. Groundwater Runoff is expected moderately infiltrate the gravel covered site under most minor events. Under multiple minor events or major events runoff is expected to sheet flow west to Swale BW and be routed to proposed Detention Pond B. Minimal effect to the groundwater is expected. Typical commercial geotechnical reports recommend the building design to incorporate foundation drains and sump pumps. F. Additional permitting No additional permitting is anticipated. V. CONCLUSIONS A. Compliance with standards This Drainage Study for the Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx located in Weld County was prepared in conformance with the Weld County Storm criteria (Ref 1) and the Urban Drainage Flood Control District Storm Drainage Design and Technical Criteria (Reference 2). This drainage design and concept quantifies the requirements to manage stormwater runoff. B. Variances Only the variance to not provide 1 foot of freeboard above the 100 year water surface has been proposed due to the characteristics of the site and downstream release (existing grades upstream of the Brighton Lateral). Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 12 of 14 C. Drainage concept The intent of this design is to provide the drainage analysis necessary for attenuation of the runoff generated by the Red Oilfield Services USR. D. Additional Items No additional items were considered at this time. Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 13 of 14 VI. REFERENCES 1 . Weld County Storm Drainage Criteria Addendum to the Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manuals Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Weld County Code Article XI and Appendix 8L, October 2006 2. Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Volumes I-III, Denver Regional Council of Governments, June 2001 , Rev April 2008 and all subsequent updates C:1Users\Chadwin08151Desktop120 1 602 1 8 Red OFS FDR.doc Red Oilfield Service USR16-00xx — Final Drainage Report Weld County Case # February 18, 2016 Page 14 of 14 APPENDIX A Vicinity Map (USGS) / Key Map / FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), Legal Description, Soil Survey Map and Soil Legend, Geotechnical Report _,,,, / Ac) � � _j j 1 ( � re)) A , (i \\ c , \ , \ NN \ Munger Reservoir 1 r--Y ci N :1 <* •-Nu m eb r-L i r \_ GOUI4TY RO_8 • Munger i I R � c° 7r)� � , �ivumoe� ` 1 31 1� Dan- (� / PROJECT \ \ ` �, LOCAT ON f- I -X/, 4-) i ( `._ 71. - , ./ ., vcji .127 • ____, C c t \ I i 1 I ) ( ( ° \ ) I_it --,-` _t. x'30\ ,../r-N----1 Nj 7.0 / I i (t2 \ N' \----____I 7 \ ., . 1 't'y W C R 4 OUNIY RO'4 � 2)22 it ASirli 1 \k 1:1: I:Delventhal '11( N ---) { (DJ;�- Farm \ -, Airport ) \I (, Z------\)\ 09 ( ( ri / BRIGHTON7Thr) i i n . , VICINITY MAP SCALE 1 " = 2 , 000' PART OF E 1 /2, NE 1 /4, S28, T1N , R66W, 6th P.M . SHOWN VICINITY MAP TAKEN FROM USGS QUAD MAP - FORT LUPTON 40104-A7 COLLEEN K O'NEIL PARCEL #147128100068 1869 WCR 31 ll TONY LYNN & O C;i� KELLI JEAN HALE 1 PARCEL #14712810O069 14760 WCR 6 v •. ilk CLARA M RITCHEY LLC PARCEL #147127000028 .1. 0 21 ♦ LOT A PAIGE RICKERD & .;�, RED OILFIELD SERVIC % i • ) PARCEL #14712800005 • / ( 1523 WCR 31 :il 11 DI -,!J MARRIS LAND & CATTLE LLP PARCEL #147128300064 KEY MAP SCALE 1 " = 500' No Flood Map Available Enter an address, place, or coordinates: 0 1523 CR 31 fort lupton colorado Search The buttons below let you view and print the selected flood map, download the flood map image, open an interactive flood map (if available), or expand the search to all products to view effective, preliminary, pending, or historic maps, and risk products for the community. The locator map shows flood map boundaries in your area of interest. You can choose a new flood map by clicking elsewhere on the locator map or entering a new a� location in the search box. Search Results-Products for WELD COUNTY UNINCORPORATED AREAS There is no flood map printed for the Show all products for r0,4), selected location. Please view or this area download the FIRM Panel Index for more information. The Index can be found by selecting "Show all products for this area" link at the bottom of this section and expanding the Effective FIRM Products list. Locator Map : : 0802660866 C v . . — a c K 7 ♦ .-� IIP A {' o i; cc 0802660900C o 0802660868C 5 ,,--�'� o . - - c.+ 0802660864C 08018300018 _ ' r 0 Selected Flood Map Boundary \ I Fort - "1 llr se '5 as6en ' . Highway-52 =CO3t 0 Printed Flood Map Boundary pt 02661025[ Non-printed Flood Map Boundary 181 C jdson ® Unmapped Area ! I. : Esri, HERE, DeLorme, NGA, USGS J_rl.l w s LEGAL DESCRIPTION LOT A, RECORDED EXEMPTION NO . 1471 -28- 1 RE-3015, RECORDED JUNE 5 , 2001 AT RECEPTION NO . 2854562 , BEING A PART OF THE EAST 1 /2 OF THE NORTHEAST 1 /4 OF SECTION 28 , TOWNSHIP 1 NORTH , RANGE 66 WEST OF THE 6TH P . M . , COUNTY OF WELD , STATE OF COLORADO . USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource —a Department of Cooperative Soil Survey, Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for \ RCS States Department of Agriculture and other VVe I d C o u n ty , eete Natural agencies including the Colorado ,Resources Agricultural Experiment Conservation Stations, and local Service participants Southern Part .Y 4. jt.- +1- .I"rills-. •f P Y r r • Y ' . , _ _ _ _ , _ r .T _` �� -- _ _. __. _ _ _, . , l 011,,,, re ,. , . . . . . %Deli iiii lk 8 . 000 ft December 14, 2015 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation , waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal , State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local , and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http:// offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951 ). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding . Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U .S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin , age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation , genetic information , political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program . (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc. ) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. , Washington , D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 12 47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 13 56—Renohill clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 14 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes 15 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 17 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes 18 75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 19 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 20 85—Water 21 References 22 Glossary 24 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length , and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they were formed . Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research . The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded . These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented . Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map cr r. ° ° 518200 518400 518600 518800 519000 519200 519400 519600 519800 520000 520200 40° 1'49"N - - - i 40° 1'49"N ■ - _ ■ 8 w if- - County'Road 6 85 t A 1 ► -.rt $ , .. II: 76 - 56 1"` .ir _ . - 1 8 46 '' 8 P 8 - 47 r _ — _ :e. 75 / I' s = — i ` r - '.. - 8 8 4 ! 4.7 73 4 A,-err r- •Oilifi 10 46 4 e QQ / 1 HI" R - ./ J !„ �. J 73 4 70 76 lii_.001( 78 70 70 1 a 40° 1'4"N 40° 1'4"N 518200 518400 518600 518800 519000 519200 519400 519600 519800 520000 520200 3 3 ZD zri F Map Scale: 1:9,900 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. DI v Meters o $ N 0 100 200 400 600 $ AFeet 0 450 900 1800 2700 Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WG584 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84 8 Custom Soil Resource Report MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOl) -# Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1 :24,000. Area of Interest (AOl) > Stony Spot Soils Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. ?,• Very Stony Spot Soil Map Unit Polygons Wet Spot Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause 4. Soil Map Unit Lines misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line Other Soil Map Unit Points placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting Special Line Features soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Special Point Features V Blowout Water Features Streams and Canals Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map C4 Borrow Pit measurements. Transportation X Clay Spot Rails Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Closed Depression ti Interstate Highways Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov X Gravel Pit US Routes Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) ;. Gravelly Spot Major Roads Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator Landfill Local Roads projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Lava Flow Background Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate 4, Marsh or swamp - Aerial Photography calculations of distance or area are required. ft Mine or Quarry This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of ® Miscellaneous Water the version date(s) listed below. O Perennial Water Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part v Rock Outcrop Survey Area Data: Version 14, Sep 22, 2015 + Saline Spot Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1 :50,000 •.• Sandy Spot or larger. • • o Severely Eroded Spot Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Mar 16, 2012-Apr 13, ® Sinkhole 2012 Slide or Slip The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were 0o Sodic Spot compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (CO618) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 35.8 10.1 % percent slopes 47 Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 52.6 14.9% percent slopes 56 Renohill clay loam, 0 to 3 percent 45.6 12.9% slopes 70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent 24.0 6.8% slopes 72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent 26.7 7.6% slopes 73 I Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent 44.1 12.5% slopes 75 Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent 49.2 13.9% slopes 76 Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent 74.4 21 .0% slopes 85 Water 1 .0 0.3% Totals for Area of Interest 353.4 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting , or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting , or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used . 10 Custom Soil Resource Report Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each . A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned , however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform . An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 362t Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Typical profile H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Zigweid Percent of map unit 8 percent 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Vona Percent of map unit 7 percent 47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 362v Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 125 to 175 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Typical profile H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c 13 Custom Soil Resource Report Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Zigweid Percent of map unit: 10 percent Vona Percent of map unit: 5 percent 56—Renohill clay loam , 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 3635 Elevation: 4,850 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 16 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 100 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Renohill and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Renohill Setting Landform: Plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Residuum weathered from shale Typical profile Hi - 0 to 9 inches: clay loam H2 - 9 to 32 inches: clay loam H3 - 32 to 36 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.6 inches) 14 Custom Soil Resource Report Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Ecological site: Clayey Plains (R067BY042CO) Minor Components Ulm Percent of map unit 10 percent Shingle Percent of map unit 5 percent 70—Valent sand , 3 to 9 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2tczf Elevation: 3,050 to 5, 150 feet Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 18 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Valent and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Valent Setting Landform: Dunes, hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, summit, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, side slope, head slope, nose slope Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Parent material: Noncalcareous eolian sands Typical profile A - 0 to 5 inches: sand AC - 5 to 12 inches: sand Cl - 12 to 30 inches: sand C2 - 30 to 80 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 9 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Very low 15 Custom Soil Resource Report Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00 to 39.96 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1 .9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Deep Sand (R067BY015CO), Sands (North) (PE 16-20) (R072XA021 KS) Minor Components Dailey Percent of map unit 10 percent Landform: Interdunes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Ecological site: Deep Sand (R067BY015CO), Sands (North) (PE 16-20) (R072XA021 KS) Vona Percent of map unit 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, base slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO), Sandy (North) Draft (April 2010) (PE 16-20) (R072XA022KS) Haxtun Percent of map unit 5 percent Landform: Interdunes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO), Sandy (North) Draft (April 2010) (PE 16-20) (R072XA022KS) 16 Custom Soil Resource Report 72—Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363r Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces, plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Typical profile Hi - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) 17 Custom Soil Resource Report Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit: 10 percent Valent Percent of map unit 5 percent 73—Vona loamy sand , 3 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363s Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces, plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Typical profile Hi - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e 18 Custom Soil Resource Report Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit: 8 percent Valent Percent of map unit 7 percent 75—Vona sandy loam , 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363v Elevation: 4,650 to 4,950 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium Typical profile H1 - 0 to 6 inches: sandy loam H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) 19 Custom Soil Resource Report Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit 11 percent Olney Percent of map unit: 4 percent 76—Vona sandy loam , 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 363w Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces, plains Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Typical profile Hi - 0 to 6 inches: sandy loam H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 .98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None 20 Custom Soil Resource Report Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit 9 percent Olney Percent of map unit: 3 percent Julesburg Percent of map unit 3 percent 85—Water Map Unit Composition Water: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Minor Components Aquolls Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Marshes 21 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing . 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard 02487-00. Cowardin, L.M . , V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31 . Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W. , and L. M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council . 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition . U .S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W. , Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section . United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1 . United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 22 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean , and the Pacific Basin. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961 . Land capability classification. U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290.pdf 23 Glossary Many of the terms relating to landforms, geology, and geomorphology are defined in more detail in the "National Soil Survey Handbook." ABC soil A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. Ablation till Loose, relatively permeable earthy material deposited during the downwasting of nearly static glacial ice, either contained within or accumulated on the surface of the glacier. AC soil A soil having only an A and a C horizon. Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or on steep, rocky slopes. Aeration, soil The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen. Aggregate, soil Many fine particles held in a single mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Alkali (sodic) soil A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage of exchangeable sodium ( 15 percent or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted. Alluvial cone A semiconical type of alluvial fan having very steep slopes. It is higher, narrower, and steeper than a fan and is composed of coarser and thicker layers of material deposited by a combination of alluvial episodes and (to a much lesser degree) landslides (debris flow). The coarsest materials tend to be concentrated at the apex of the cone. 24 Custom Soil Resource Report Alluvial fan A low, outspread mass of loose materials and/or rock material, commonly with gentle slopes. It is shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone. The material was deposited by a stream at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley or upland valley or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream. The fan is steepest near its apex, which points upstream, and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a gradual decrease in gradient. Alluvium Unconsolidated material , such as gravel, sand, silt, clay, and various mixtures of these, deposited on land by running water. Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl A compound that when dissolved in ammonium acetate is used to detect the presence of reduced iron (Fe II ) in the soil . A positive reaction implies reducing conditions and the likely presence of redoximorphic features. Animal unit month (AUM) The amount of forage required by one mature cow of approximately 1 ,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month. Aquic conditions Current soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic features. Argillic horizon A subsoil horizon characterized by an accumulation of illuvial clay. Arroyo The flat-floored channel of an ephemeral stream, commonly with very steep to vertical banks cut in unconsolidated material . It is usually dry but can be transformed into a temporary watercourse or short-lived torrent after heavy rain within the watershed . Aspect The direction toward which a slope faces. Also called slope aspect. Association, soil A group of soils or miscellaneous areas geographically associated in a characteristic repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a single map unit. Available water capacity (available moisture capacity) The capacity of soils to hold water available for use by most plants. It is commonly defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed as: 25 Custom Soil Resource Report Very low: 0 to 3 Low: 3 to 6 Moderate: 6 to 9 High: 9 to 12 Very high: More than 12 Backslope The position that forms the steepest and generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a convex shoulder above and a concave footslope below. Backswamp A flood-plain landform. Extensive, marshy or swampy, depressed areas of flood plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces. Badland A landscape that is intricately dissected and characterized by a very fine drainage network with high drainage densities and short, steep slopes and narrow interfluves. Badlands develop on surfaces that have little or no vegetative cover overlying unconsolidated or poorly cemented materials (clays, silts, or sandstones) with, in some cases, soluble minerals, such as gypsum or halite. Bajada A broad, gently inclined alluvial piedmont slope extending from the base of a mountain range out into a basin and formed by the lateral coalescence of a series of alluvial fans. Typically, it has a broadly undulating transverse profile, parallel to the mountain front, resulting from the convexities of component fans. The term is generally restricted to constructional slopes of intermontane basins. Basal area The area of a cross section of a tree, generally referring to the section at breast height and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of stand density, commonly expressed in square feet. Base saturation The degree to which material having cation-exchange properties is saturated with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), expressed as a percentage of the total cation-exchange capacity. Base slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope- wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Bedding plane A planar or nearly planar bedding surface that visibly separates each successive layer of stratified sediment or rock (of the same or different lithology) from the preceding or following layer; a plane of deposition. It commonly marks a change 26 Custom Soil Resource Report in the circumstances of deposition and may show a parting, a color difference, a change in particle size, or various combinations of these. The term is commonly applied to any bedding surface, even one that is conspicuously bent or deformed by folding. Bedding system A drainage system made by plowing , grading, or otherwise shaping the surface of a flat field . It consists of a series of low ridges separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows. Bedrock The solid rock that underlies the soil and other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at the surface. Bedrock-controlled topography A landscape where the configuration and relief of the landforms are determined or strongly influenced by the underlying bedrock. Bench terrace A raised , level or nearly level strip of earth constructed on or nearly on a contour, supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material, and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion . Bisequum Two sequences of soil horizons, each of which consists of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizons. Blowout (map symbol) A saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped depression formed by wind erosion on a preexisting dune or other sand deposit, especially in an area of shifting sand or loose soil or where protective vegetation is disturbed or destroyed . The adjoining accumulation of sand derived from the depression, where recognizable, is commonly included . Blowouts are commonly small. Borrow pit (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed, usually for construction purposes. Bottom land An informal term loosely applied to various portions of a flood plain. Boulders Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60 centimeters) in diameter. Breaks A landscape or tract of steep, rough or broken land dissected by ravines and gullies and marking a sudden change in topography. 27 Custom Soil Resource Report Breast height An average height of 4.5 feet above the ground surface; the point on a tree where diameter measurements are ordinarily taken. Brush management Use of mechanical, chemical , or biological methods to make conditions favorable for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition from woody vegetation and thus allow understory grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management increases forage production and thus reduces the hazard of erosion . It can improve the habitat for some species of wildlife. Butte An isolated, generally flat-topped hill or mountain with relatively steep slopes and talus or precipitous cliffs and characterized by summit width that is less than the height of bounding escarpments; commonly topped by a caprock of resistant material and representing an erosion remnant carved from flat-lying rocks. Cable yarding A method of moving felled trees to a nearby central area for transport to a processing facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or the entire log is suspended . Calcareous soil A soil containing enough calcium carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. Caliche A general term for a prominent zone of secondary carbonate accumulation in surficial materials in warm, subhumid to arid areas. Caliche is formed by both geologic and pedologic processes. Finely crystalline calcium carbonate forms a nearly continuous surface-coating and void-filling medium in geologic (parent) materials. Cementation ranges from weak in nonindurated forms to very strong in indurated forms. Other minerals (e.g. , carbonates, silicate, and sulfate) may occur as accessory cements. Most petrocalcic horizons and some calcic horizons are caliche. California bearing ratio (CBR) The load-supporting capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. First standardized in California. A soil having a CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be supported by standard crushed limestone, per unit area, with the same degree of distortion . Canopy The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See Crown. ) 28 Custom Soil Resource Report Canyon A long, deep, narrow valley with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local relief. Capillary water Water held as a film around soil particles and in tiny spaces between particles. Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds capillary water in the soil. Catena A sequence, or "chain ," of soils on a landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent material and under similar climatic conditions but that have different characteristics as a result of differences in relief and drainage. Cation An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. The common soil cations are calcium , potassium, magnesium, sodium , and hydrogen. Cation-exchange capacity The total amount of exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is synonymous with base- exchange capacity but is more precise in meaning . Catsteps See Terracettes. Cement rock Shaly limestone used in the manufacture of cement. Channery soil material Soil material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent thin , flat fragments of sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as much as 6 inches ( 15 centimeters) along the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer. Chemical treatment Control of unwanted vegetation through the use of chemicals. Chiseling Tillage with an implement having one or more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal plow depth. Cirque A steep-walled, semicircular or crescent-shaped, half-bowl-like recess or hollow, commonly situated at the head of a glaciated mountain valley or high on the side of a mountain. It was produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It commonly contains a small round lake (tarn). 29 Custom Soil Resource Report Clay As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt. Clay depletions See Redoximorphic features. Clay film A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. Clay spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface texture is silty clay or clay in areas where the surface layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or coarser. Claypan A dense, compact subsoil layer that contains much more clay than the overlying materials, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. The layer restricts the downward movement of water through the soil. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and plastic and sticky when wet. Climax plant community The stabilized plant community on a particular site. The plant cover reproduces itself and does not change so long as the environment remains the same. Coarse textured soil Sand or loamy sand . Cobble (or cobblestone) A rounded or partly rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter. Cobbly soil material Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60 percent. COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility) See Linear extensibility. Colluvium Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited on side slopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g. , direct gravitational action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff. 30 Custom Soil Resource Report Complex slope Irregular or variable slope. Planning or establishing terraces, diversions, and other water-control structures on a complex slope is difficult. Complex, soil A map unit of two or more kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or so small in area that it is not practical to map them separately at the selected scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Concretions See Redoximorphic features. Conglomerate A coarse grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded or subangular rock fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured material . Conglomerate is the consolidated equivalent of gravel . Conservation cropping system Growing crops in combination with needed cultural and management practices. In a good conservation cropping system, the soil-improving crops and practices more than offset the effects of the soil-depleting crops and practices. Cropping systems are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving practices in a conservation cropping system include the use of rotations that contain grasses and legumes and the return of crop residue to the soil . Other practices include the use of green manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper tillage, adequate fertilization , and weed and pest control . Conservation tillage A tillage system that does not invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount of crop residue on the surface throughout the year. Consistence, soil Refers to the degree of cohesion and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to deformation when ruptured . Consistence includes resistance of soil material to rupture and to penetration ; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of puddled soil material ; and the manner in which the soil material behaves when subject to compression. Terms describing consistence are defined in the "Soil Survey Manual." Contour striperopping Growing crops in strips that follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or summer fallow. Control section The part of the soil on which classification is based . The thickness varies among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches and 40 or 80 inches. 31 Custom Soil Resource Report Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat) A type of limnic layer composed predominantly of fecal material derived from aquatic animals. Corrosion (geomorphology) A process of erosion whereby rocks and soil are removed or worn away by natural chemical processes, especially by the solvent action of running water, but also by other reactions, such as hydrolysis, hydration, carbonation, and oxidation. Corrosion (soil survey interpretations) Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens concrete or uncoated steel. Cover crop A close-growing crop grown primarily to improve and protect the soil between periods of regular crop production, or a crop grown between trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. Crop residue management Returning crop residue to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, organic matter content, and fertility and helps to control erosion. Cropping system Growing crops according to a planned system of rotation and management practices. Cross-slope farming Deliberately conducting farming operations on sloping farmland in such a way that tillage is across the general slope. Crown The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the living branches and their foliage. Cryoturbate A mass of soil or other unconsolidated earthy material moved or disturbed by frost action . It is typically coarser than the underlying material. Cuesta An asymmetric ridge capped by resistant rock layers of slight or moderate dip (commonly less than 15 percent slopes); a type of homocline produced by differential erosion of interbedded resistant and weak rocks. A cuesta has a long, gentle slope on one side (dip slope) that roughly parallels the inclined beds; on the other side, it has a relatively short and steep or clifflike slope (scarp) that cuts through the tilted rocks. Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI) The average annual increase per acre in the volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total volume of the stand by its age. As the stand increases in age, 32 Custom Soil Resource Report the mean annual increment continues to increase until modality begins to reduce the rate of increase. The point where the stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth is called the culmination of the mean annual increment. Cutbanks cave The walls of excavations tend to cave in or slough. Decreasers The most heavily grazed climax range plants. Because they are the most palatable, they are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing. Deferred grazing Postponing grazing or resting grazing land for a prescribed period. Delta A body of alluvium having a surface that is fan shaped and nearly flat; deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or lake. Dense layer A very firm, massive layer that has a bulk density of more than 1 .8 grams per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of digging and can affect filling and compacting . Depression, closed (map symbol) A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape than the surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for surface drainage. Depth, soil Generally, the thickness of the soil over bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. Desert pavement A natural, residual concentration or layer of wind-polished, closely packed gravel, boulders, and other rock fragments mantling a desert surface. It forms where wind action and sheetwash have removed all smaller particles or where rock fragments have migrated upward through sediments to the surface. It typically protects the finer grained underlying material from further erosion . Diatomaceous earth A geologic deposit of fine, grayish siliceous material composed chiefly or entirely of the remains of diatoms. Dip slope A slope of the land surface, roughly determined by and approximately conforming to the dip of the underlying bedrock. 33 Custom Soil Resource Report Diversion (or diversion terrace) A ridge of earth, generally a terrace, built to protect downslope areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. Divided-slope farming A form of field striperopping in which crops are grown in a systematic arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion . One strip is in a close-growing crop that provides protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a crop that provides less protection from erosion. This practice is used where slopes are not long enough to permit a full striperopping pattern to be used. Drainage class (natural) Refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water regime by human activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration unless they have significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—excessively drained, somewhat excessively drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined in the "Soil Survey Manual." Drainage, surface Runoff, or surface flow of water, from an area. Drainageway A general term for a course or channel along which water moves in draining an area. A term restricted to relatively small, linear depressions that at some time move concentrated water and either do not have a defined channel or have only a small defined channel . Draw A small stream valley that generally is shallower and more open than a ravine or gulch and that has a broader bottom. The present stream channel may appear inadequate to have cut the drainageway that it occupies. Drift A general term applied to all mineral material (clay, silt, sand, gravel , and boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice or transported by running water emanating from a glacier. Drift includes unstratified material (till) that forms moraines and stratified deposits that form outwash plains, eskers, kames, varves, and glaciofluvial sediments. The term is generally applied to Pleistocene glacial deposits in areas that no longer contain glaciers. Drumlin A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact till that has a core of bedrock or drift. It commonly has a blunt nose facing the direction from which the ice approached and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction . The longer axis is parallel to the general direction of glacier flow. Drumlins are products of 34 Custom Soil Resource Report streamline (laminar) flow of glaciers, which molded the subglacial floor through a combination of erosion and deposition. Duff A generally firm organic layer on the surface of mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material that is in the process of decomposition and includes everything from the litter on the surface to underlying pure humus. Dune A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand), either barren and capable of movement from place to place or covered and stabilized with vegetation but retaining its characteristic shape. Earthy fill See Mine spoil . Ecological site An area where climate, soil , and relief are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct natural plant community. An ecological site is the product of all the environmental factors responsible for its development. It is typified by an association of species that differ from those on other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of species or in total production. Eluviation The movement of material in true solution or colloidal suspension from one place to another within the soil . Soil horizons that have lost material through eluviation are eluvial; those that have received material are illuvial. Endosaturation A type of saturation of the soil in which all horizons between the upper boundary of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. Eolian deposit Sand-, silt-, or clay-sized clastic material transported and deposited primarily by wind, commonly in the form of a dune or a sheet of sand or loess. Ephemeral stream A stream, or reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It receives no long-continued supply from melting snow or other source, and its channel is above the water table at all times. Episaturation A type of saturation indicating a perched water table in a soil in which saturated layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated layers within 2 meters of the surface. Erosion The wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by such processes as gravitational creep. 35 Custom Soil Resource Report Erosion (accelerated) Erosion much more rapid than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, such as a fire, that exposes the surface. Erosion (geologic) Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the building up of such landscape features as flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion . Erosion pavement A surficial lag concentration or layer of gravel and other rock fragments that remains on the soil surface after sheet or rill erosion or wind has removed the finer soil particles and that tends to protect the underlying soil from further erosion. Erosion surface A land surface shaped by the action of erosion, especially by running water. Escarpment A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff breaking the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from erosion or faulting. Most commonly applied to cliffs produced by differential erosion. Synonym: scarp. Escarpment, bedrock (map symbol) A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion or faulting, that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed material is hard or soft bedrock. Escarpment, nonbedrock (map symbol) A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced by erosion but in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy material is nonsoil or very shallow soil . Esker A long , narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge of stratified sand and gravel deposited as the bed of a stream flowing in an ice tunnel within or below the ice (subglacial) or between ice walls on top of the ice of a wasting glacier and left behind as high ground when the ice melted. Eskers range in length from less than a kilometer to more than 160 kilometers and in height from 3 to 30 meters. Extrusive rock Igneous rock derived from deep-seated molten matter (magma) deposited and cooled on the earth's surface. Fallow Cropland left idle in order to restore productivity through accumulation of moisture. Summer fallow is common in regions of limited rainfall where cereal grain is grown. 36 Custom Soil Resource Report The soil is tilled for at least one growing season for weed control and decomposition of plant residue. Fan remnant A general term for landforms that are the remaining parts of older fan landforms, such as alluvial fans, that have been either dissected or partially buried . Fertility, soil The quality that enables a soil to provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper balance, for the growth of specified plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth factors are favorable. Fibric soil material (peat) The least decomposed of all organic soil material . Peat contains a large amount of well preserved fiber that is readily identifiable according to botanical origin . Peat has the lowest bulk density and the highest water content at saturation of all organic soil material . Field moisture capacity The moisture content of a soil , expressed as a percentage of the ovendry weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 days after a soaking rain ; also called normal field capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary capacity. Fill slope A sloping surface consisting of excavated soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the downhill side of the road. Fine textured soil Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. Firebreak An area cleared of flammable material to stop or help control creeping or running fires. It also serves as a line from which to work and to facilitate the movement of firefighters and equipment. Designated roads also serve as firebreaks. First bottom An obsolete, informal term loosely applied to the lowest flood-plain steps that are subject to regular flooding . Flaggy soil material Material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent flagstones. Flagstone A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone, slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to 38 centimeters) long. 37 Custom Soil Resource Report Flood plain The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to flooding unless protected artificially. Flood-plain Iandforms A variety of constructional and erosional features produced by stream channel migration and flooding. Examples include backswamps, flood-plain splays, meanders, meander belts, meander scrolls, oxbow lakes, and natural levees. Flood-plain splay A fan-shaped deposit or other outspread deposit formed where an overloaded stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial) and deposits its material (commonly coarse grained) on the flood plain. Flood-plain step An essentially flat, terrace-like alluvial surface within a valley that is frequently covered by floodwater from the present stream; any approximately horizontal surface still actively modified by fluvial scour and/or deposition. May occur individually or as a series of steps. Fluvial Of or pertaining to rivers or streams; produced by stream or river action . Foothills A region of steeply sloping hills that fringes a mountain range or high-plateau escarpment. The hills have relief of as much as 1 ,000 feet (300 meters). Footslope The concave surface at the base of a hillslope. A footslope is a transition zone between upslope sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition (toeslopes). Forb Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge. Forest cover All trees and other woody plants (underbrush) covering the ground in a forest. Forest type A stand of trees similar in composition and development because of given physical and biological factors by which it may be differentiated from other stands. Fragipan A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity and content of organic matter and low or moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under pressure rather than to deform slowly. 38 Custom Soil Resource Report Genesis, soil The mode of origin of the soil . Refers especially to the processes or soil-forming factors responsible for the formation of the solum, or true soil, from the unconsolidated parent material . Gilgai Commonly, a succession of microbasins and microknolls in nearly level areas or of microvalleys and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically, the microrelief of clayey soils that shrink and swell considerably with changes in moisture content. Glaciofluvial deposits Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits are stratified and occur in the form of outwash plains, valley trains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame terraces. Glaciolacustrine deposits Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many deposits are bedded or laminated. Gleyed soil Soil that formed under poor drainage, resulting in the reduction of iron and other elements in the profile and in gray colors. Graded striperopping Growing crops in strips that grade toward a protected waterway. Grassed waterway A natural or constructed waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass as protection against erosion . Conducts surface water away from cropland. Gravel Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a pebble. Gravel pit (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or gravel. Gravelly soil material Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock fragments, not prominently flattened , as much as 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Gravelly spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume, rock fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an area that has less than 15 percent rock fragments. 39 Custom Soil Resource Report Green manure crop (agronomy) A soil-improving crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage of maturity or soon after maturity. Ground water Water filling all the unblocked pores of the material below the water table. Gully (map symbol) A small, steep-sided channel caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. The distinction between a gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to be obliterated by ordinary tillage whereas a rill is of lesser depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary tillage. Hard bedrock Bedrock that cannot be excavated except by blasting or by the use of special equipment that is not commonly used in construction. Hard to reclaim Reclamation is difficult after the removal of soil for construction and other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are extremely difficult. Hardpan A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or other substance. Head slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside, especially at the head of a drainageway. The overland waterflow is converging. Hemic soil material (mucky peat) Organic soil material intermediate in degree of decomposition between the less decomposed fibric material and the more decomposed sapric material. High-residue crops Such crops as small grain and corn used for grain. If properly managed , residue from these crops can be used to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation is established . These crops return large amounts of organic matter to the soil. Hill A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising as much as 1 ,000 feet above surrounding lowlands, commonly of limited summit area and having a well defined outline. Slopes are generally more than 15 percent. The distinction between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and may depend on local usage. 40 Custom Soil Resource Report Hillslope A generic term for the steeper part of a hill between its summit and the drainage line, valley flat, or depression floor at the base of a hill . Horizon, soil A layer of soil , approximately parallel to the surface, having distinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes. In the identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter represents the major horizons. Numbers or lowercase letters that follow represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation of the subdivisions is given in the "Soil Survey Manual." The major horizons of mineral soil are as follows: O horizon: An organic layer of fresh and decaying plant residue. L horizon: A layer of organic and mineral limnic materials, including coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat), diatomaceous earth, and marl. A horizon: The mineral horizon at or near the surface in which an accumulation of humified organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was originally part of a B horizon . E horizon: The mineral horizon in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or some combination of these. B horizon: The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of transition from the overlying A to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive characteristics, such as (1 ) accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these. C horizon: The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil-forming processes and does not have the properties typical of the overlying soil material. The material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike that in which the solum formed. If the material is known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C. Cr horizon: Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath the soil . R layer: Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil . The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon , but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon. M layer: A root-limiting subsoil layer consisting of nearly continuous, horizontally oriented, human-manufactured materials. W layer: A layer of water within or beneath the soil. Humus The well decomposed , more or less stable part of the organic matter in mineral soils. Hydrologic soil groups Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff potential . The soil properties that influence this potential are those that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting when the soil is not frozen . These properties include depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration rate, and depth to a layer that significantly restricts the downward movement of water. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered but are separate factors in predicting runoff. 41 Custom Soil Resource Report Igneous rock Rock that was formed by cooling and solidification of magma and that has not been changed appreciably by weathering since its formation . Major varieties include plutonic and volcanic rock (e.g. , andesite, basalt, and granite). Illuviation The movement of soil material from one horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally, material is removed from an upper horizon and deposited in a lower horizon. Impervious soil A soil through which water, air, or roots penetrate slowly or not at all . No soil is absolutely impervious to air and water all the time. Increasers Species in the climax vegetation that increase in amount as the more desirable plants are reduced by close grazing. Increasers commonly are the shorter plants and the less palatable to livestock. Infiltration The downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil or other material , as contrasted with percolation, which is movement of water through soil layers or material . Infiltration capacity The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of conditions. Infiltration rate The rate at which water penetrates the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the rate at which water is applied at the surface. Intake rate The average rate of water entering the soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial rate; the rate decreases with application time. Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a constant but is a variable depending on the net irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in inches per hour, is expressed as follows: Very low: Less than 0.2 Low: 0.2 to 0.4 Moderately low: 0.4 to 0.75 Moderate: 0.75 to 1 .25 Moderately high: 1 .25 to 1 .75 High: 1 .75 to 2.5 Very high: More than 2.5 42 Custom Soil Resource Report Interfluve A landform composed of the relatively undissected upland or ridge between two adjacent valleys containing streams flowing in the same general direction. An elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those drainageways. Interfluve (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the uppermost, comparatively level or gently sloping area of a hill ; shoulders of backwearing hillslopes can narrow the upland or can merge, resulting in a strongly convex shape. Intermittent stream A stream, or reach of a stream, that does not flow year-round but that is commonly dry for 3 or more months out of 12 and whose channel is generally below the local water table. It flows only during wet periods or when it receives ground-water discharge or long, continued contributions from melting snow or other surface and shallow subsurface sources. Invaders On range, plants that encroach into an area and grow after the climax vegetation has been reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade following disturbance of the surface. Iron depletions See Redoximorphic features. Irrigation Application of water to soils to assist in production of crops. Methods of irrigation are: Basin: Water is applied rapidly to nearly level plains surrounded by levees or dikes. Border: Water is applied at the upper end of a strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled by small earth ridges called border dikes, or borders. Controlled flooding: Water is released at intervals from closely spaced field ditches and distributed uniformly over the field . Corrugation: Water is applied to small, closely spaced furrows or ditches in fields of close-growing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only one direction. Drip (or trickle): Water is applied slowly and under low pressure to the surface of the soil or into the soil through such applicators as emitters, porous tubing, or perforated pipe. Furrow: Water is applied in small ditches made by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for tree and row crops. Sprinkler: Water is sprayed over the soil surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system. Subirrigation: Water is applied in open ditches or tile lines until the water table is raised enough to wet the soil. Wild flooding: Water, released at high points, is allowed to flow onto an area without controlled distribution . 43 Custom Soil Resource Report Kame A low mound, knob, hummock, or short irregular ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream as a fan or delta at the margin of a melting glacier; by a supraglacial stream in a low place or hole on the surface of the glacier; or as a ponded deposit on the surface or at the margin of stagnant ice. Karst (topography) A kind of topography that formed in limestone, gypsum, or other soluble rocks by dissolution and that is characterized by closed depressions, sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Knoll A small , low, rounded hill rising above adjacent landforms. Ksat See Saturated hydraulic conductivity. Lacustrine deposit Material deposited in lake water and exposed when the water level is lowered or the elevation of the land is raised . Lake plain A nearly level surface marking the floor of an extinct lake filled by well sorted , generally fine textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing varves. Lake terrace A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built, produced along a Lakeshore in front of a scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the water level falls. Landfill (map symbol) An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either above or below natural ground level. Landslide A general , encompassing term for most types of mass movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport and outward deposition of soil and rock materials caused by gravitational forces; the movement may or may not involve saturated materials. The speed and distance of movement, as well as the amount of soil and rock material , vary greatly. Large stones Rock fragments 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones adversely affect the specified use of the soil . Lava flow (map symbol) A solidified , commonly lobate body of rock formed through lateral , surface outpouring of molten lava from a vent or fissure. 44 Custom Soil Resource Report Leaching The removal of soluble material from soil or other material by percolating water. Levee (map symbol) An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built along the banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands. Linear extensibility Refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume change between the water content of the clod at 1 /3- or 1 /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil . The volume change is the percent change for the whole soil . If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear extensibility. Liquid limit The moisture content at which the soil passes from a plastic to a liquid state. Loam Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less than 52 percent sand particles. Loess Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting dominantly of silt-sized particles. Low strength The soil is not strong enough to support loads. Low-residue crops Such crops as corn used for silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from these crops is not adequate to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation is established . These crops return little organic matter to the soil . Marl An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in approximately equal proportions; formed primarily under freshwater lacustrine conditions but also formed in more saline environments. Marsh or swamp (map symbol) A water-saturated , very poorly drained area that is intermittently or permanently covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the dominant vegetation in marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant vegetation in swamps. Not used in map units where the named soils are poorly drained or very poorly drained. 45 Custom Soil Resource Report Mass movement A generic term for the dislodgment and downslope transport of soil and rock material as a unit under direct gravitational stress. Masses See Redoximorphic features. Meander belt The zone within which migration of a meandering channel occurs; the flood-plain area included between two imaginary lines drawn tangential to the outer bends of active channel loops. Meander scar A crescent-shaped, concave or linear mark on the face of a bluff or valley wall , produced by the lateral erosion of a meandering stream that impinged upon and undercut the bluff. Meander scroll One of a series of long, parallel, close-fitting, crescent-shaped ridges and troughs formed along the inner bank of a stream meander as the channel migrated laterally down-valley and toward the outer bank. Mechanical treatment Use of mechanical equipment for seeding, brush management, and other management practices. Medium textured soil Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or silt. Mesa A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly isolated landmass bounded by steep slopes or precipitous cliffs and capped by layers of resistant, nearly horizontal rocky material. The summit width is characteristically greater than the height of the bounding escarpments. Metamorphic rock Rock of any origin altered in mineralogical composition , chemical composition , or structure by heat, pressure, and movement at depth in the earth's crust. Nearly all such rocks are crystalline. Mine or quarry (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed and in which bedrock is exposed . Also denotes surface openings to underground mines. Mine spoil An accumulation of displaced earthy material, rock, or other waste material removed during mining or excavation. Also called earthy fill . 46 Custom Soil Resource Report Mineral soil Soil that is mainly mineral material and low in organic material. Its bulk density is more than that of organic soil. Minimum tillage Only the tillage essential to crop production and prevention of soil damage. Miscellaneous area A kind of map unit that has little or no natural soil and supports little or no vegetation . Miscellaneous water (map symbol) Small, constructed bodies of water that are used for industrial , sanitary, or mining applications and that contain water most of the year. Moderately coarse textured soil Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Moderately fine textured soil Clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam. Mollic epipedon A thick, dark, humus-rich surface horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the upper part of the subsoil. Moraine In terms of glacial geology, a mound , ridge, or other topographically distinct accumulation of unsorted , unstratified drift, predominantly till, deposited primarily by the direct action of glacial ice in a variety of landforms. Also, a general term for a landform composed mainly of till (except for kame moraines, which are composed mainly of stratified outwash) that has been deposited by a glacier. Some types of moraines are disintegration, end , ground, kame, lateral, recessional, and terminal . Morphology, soil The physical makeup of the soil, including the texture, structure, porosity, consistence, color, and other physical , mineral , and biological properties of the various horizons, and the thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the soil profile. Mottling, soil Irregular spots of different colors that vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as follows: abundance—few, common, and many; size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size measurements are of the diameter along the greatest dimension . Fine indicates less than 5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). 47 Custom Soil Resource Report Mountain A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising more than 1 ,000 feet (300 meters) above surrounding lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area (relative to a plateau) and generally having steep sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group forming a chain or range. Mountains are formed primarily by tectonic activity and/or volcanic action but can also be formed by differential erosion . Muck Dark, finely divided , well decomposed organic soil material. (See Sapric soil material . ) Mucky peat See Hemic soil material . Mudstone A blocky or massive, fine grained sedimentary rock in which the proportions of clay and silt are approximately equal . Also, a general term for such material as clay, silt, claystone, siltstone, shale, and argillite and that should be used only when the amounts of clay and silt are not known or cannot be precisely identified . Munsell notation A designation of color by degrees of three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4. Natric horizon A special kind of argillic horizon that contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an adverse effect on the physical condition of the subsoil. Neutral soil A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. (See Reaction, soil. ) Nodules See Redoximorphic features. Nose slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly divergent. Nose slopes consist dominantly of colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Nutrient, plant Any element taken in by a plant essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and water. 48 Custom Soil Resource Report Organic matter Plant and animal residue in the soil in various stages of decomposition . The content of organic matter in the surface layer is described as follows: Very low: Less than 0.5 percent Low: 0.5 to 1 .0 percent Moderately low: 1 .0 to 2.0 percent Moderate: 2.0 to 4.0 percent High: 4.0 to 8.0 percent Very high: More than 8.0 percent Outwash Stratified and sorted sediments (chiefly sand and gravel) removed or "washed out" from a glacier by meltwater streams and deposited in front of or beyond the end moraine or the margin of a glacier. The coarser material is deposited nearer to the ice. Outwash plain An extensive lowland area of coarse textured glaciofluvial material . An outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted, it generally is low in relief. Paleoterrace An erosional remnant of a terrace that retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not grade to, a present-day stream or drainage network. Pan A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the movement of water and the growth of roots. For example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and traffic pan. Parent material The unconsolidated organic and mineral material in which soil forms. Peat Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed organic matter, that has accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material. ) Ped An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a granule, a prism, or a block. Pedisediment A layer of sediment, eroded from the shoulder and backslope of an erosional slope, that lies on and is being (or was) transported across a gently sloping erosional surface at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope. 49 Custom Soil Resource Report Pedon The smallest volume that can be called "a soil." A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet ( 1 square meter to 10 square meters), depending on the variability of the soil. Percolation The movement of water through the soil. Perennial water (map symbol) Small, natural or constructed lakes, ponds, or pits that contain water most of the year. Permafrost Ground , soil , or rock that remains at or below 0 degrees C for at least 2 years. It is defined on the basis of temperature and is not necessarily frozen. pH value A numerical designation of acidity and alkalinity in soil . (See Reaction , soil . ) Phase, soil A subdivision of a soil series based on features that affect its use and management, such as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Piping Formation of subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil . Pitting Pits caused by melting around ice. They form on the soil after plant cover is removed . Plastic limit The moisture content at which a soil changes from semisolid to plastic. Plasticity index The numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of moisture content within which the soil remains plastic. Plateau (geomorphology) A comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically, an extensive land region that is considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above the adjacent lower lying terrain, is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt descent, and has a flat or nearly level surface. A comparatively large part of a plateau surface is near summit level. 50 Custom Soil Resource Report Playa The generally dry and nearly level lake plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed depressions, such as those on intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation and runoff. Playa deposits are fine grained and may or may not have a high water table and saline conditions. Plinthite The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated wetting and drying , especially if it is exposed also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite. Plowpan A compacted layer formed in the soil directly below the plowed layer. Ponding Standing water on soils in closed depressions. Unless the soils are artificially drained , the water can be removed only by percolation or evapotranspiration. Poorly graded Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the same size. Because there is little difference in size of the particles, density can be increased only slightly by compaction. Pore linings See Redoximorphic features. Potential native plant community See Climax plant community. Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth) Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has no properties restricting the penetration of roots to this depth. Prescribed burning Deliberately burning an area for specific management purposes, under the appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture and at the proper time of day. Productivity, soil The capability of a soil for producing a specified plant or sequence of plants under specific management. Profile, soil A vertical section of the soil extending through all its horizons and into the parent material . 51 Custom Soil Resource Report Proper grazing use Grazing at an intensity that maintains enough cover to protect the soil and maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the desirable vegetation . This practice increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch necessary to conserve soil and water. Rangeland Land on which the potential natural vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or browsing . It includes natural grasslands, savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras, and areas that support certain forb and shrub communities. Reaction, soil A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a soil , expressed as pH values. A soil that tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values, are: Ultra acid: Less than 3.5 Extremely acid: 3.5 to 4.4 Very strongly acid: 4.5 to 5.0 Strongly acid: 5. 1 to 5.5 Moderately acid: 5.6 to 6.0 Slightly acid: 6. 1 to 6.5 Neutral: 6.6 to 7.3 Slightly alkaline: 7.4 to 7.8 Moderately alkaline: 7.9 to 8.4 Strongly alkaline: 8.5 to 9.0 Very strongly alkaline: 9. 1 and higher Red beds Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and are made up largely of sandstone and shale. Redoximorphic concentrations See Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic depletions See Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic features Redoximorphic features are associated with wetness and result from alternating periods of reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese compounds in the soil . Reduction occurs during saturation with water, and oxidation occurs when the soil is not saturated . Characteristic color patterns are created by these processes. The reduced iron and manganese ions may be removed from a soil if vertical or lateral fluxes of water occur, in which case there is no iron or manganese precipitation in that soil. Wherever the iron and manganese are oxidized and precipitated , they 52 Custom Soil Resource Report form either soft masses or hard concretions or nodules. Movement of iron and manganese as a result of redoximorphic processes in a soil may result in redoximorphic features that are defined as follows: 1 . Redoximorphic concentrations.—These are zones of apparent accumulation of iron-manganese oxides, including: A. Nodules and concretions, which are cemented bodies that can be removed from the soil intact. Concretions are distinguished from nodules on the basis of internal organization . A concretion typically has concentric layers that are visible to the naked eye. Nodules do not have visible organized internal structure; and B. Masses, which are noncemented concentrations of substances within the soil matrix; and C. Pore linings, i.e. , zones of accumulation along pores that may be either coatings on pore surfaces or impregnations from the matrix adjacent to the pores. 2. Redoximorphic depletions.—These are zones of low chroma (chromas less than those in the matrix) where either iron-manganese oxides alone or both iron-manganese oxides and clay have been stripped out, including: A. Iron depletions, i.e. , zones that contain low amounts of iron and manganese oxides but have a clay content similar to that of the adjacent matrix; and B. Clay depletions, i .e. , zones that contain low amounts of iron, manganese, and clay (often referred to as silt coatings or skeletans). 3. Reduced matrix.—This is a soil matrix that has low chroma in situ but undergoes a change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after the soil material has been exposed to air. Reduced matrix See Redoximorphic features. Regolith All unconsolidated earth materials above the solid bedrock. It includes material weathered in place from all kinds of bedrock and alluvial, glacial, eolian, lacustrine, and pyroclastic deposits. Relief The relative difference in elevation between the upland summits and the lowlands or valleys of a given region. Residuum (residual soil material) Unconsolidated, weathered or partly weathered mineral material that accumulated as bedrock disintegrated in place. Rill A very small, steep-sided channel resulting from erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. A rill generally is not an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is shallow enough to be smoothed over by ordinary tillage. 53 Custom Soil Resource Report Riser The vertical or steep side slope (e.g. , escarpment) of terraces, flood-plain steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural, steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces. Road cut A sloping surface produced by mechanical means during road construction . It is commonly on the uphill side of the road . Rock fragments Rock or mineral fragments having a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. Rock outcrop (map symbol) An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth . Not used where the named soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over bedrock or where "Rock outcrop" is a named component of the map unit. Root zone The part of the soil that can be penetrated by plant roots. Runoff The precipitation discharged into stream channels from an area. The water that flows off the surface of the land without sinking into the soil is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil before reaching surface streams is called ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. Saline soil A soil containing soluble salts in an amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil does not contain excess exchangeable sodium. Saline spot (map symbol) An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8 mmhos/cm more than the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/ cm or less. Sand As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay. Sandstone Sedimentary rock containing dominantly sand-sized particles. 54 Custom Soil Resource Report Sandy spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas where the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is very fine sandy loam or finer. Sapric soil material (muck) The most highly decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk density, and the lowest water content at saturation of all organic soil material . Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) The ease with which pores of a saturated soil transmit water. Formally, the proportionality coefficient that expresses the relationship of the rate of water movement to hydraulic gradient in Darcy's Law, a law that describes the rate of water movement through porous media. Commonly abbreviated as "Ksat." Terms describing saturated hydraulic conductivity are: Very high: 100 or more micrometers per second (14. 17 or more inches per hour) High: 10 to 100 micrometers per second (1 .417 to 14. 17 inches per hour) Moderately high: 1 to 10 micrometers per second (0. 1417 inch to 1 .417 inches per hour) Moderately low: 0. 1 to 1 micrometer per second (0.01417 to 0. 1417 inch per hour) Low: 0.01 to 0. 1 micrometer per second (0.001417 to 0.01417 inch per hour) Very low: Less than 0.01 micrometer per second (less than 0.001417 inch per hour). To convert inches per hour to micrometers per second, multiply inches per hour by 7.0572. To convert micrometers per second to inches per hour, multiply micrometers per second by 0. 1417. Saturation Wetness characterized by zero or positive pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of saturation , the water will flow from the soil matrix into an unlined auger hole. Scarification The act of abrading, scratching, loosening , crushing , or modifying the surface to increase water absorption or to provide a more tillable soil . Sedimentary rock A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates, or organic remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under normal low temperature and pressure conditions. Sedimentary rocks include consolidated equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, and marine deposits. Examples are sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale, conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, and coal. Sequum A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation. ) 55 Custom Soil Resource Report Series, soil A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in texture of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Severely eroded spot (map symbol) An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original surface layer has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used in map units in which "severely eroded," "very severely eroded ," or "gullied" is part of the map unit name. Shale Sedimentary rock that formed by the hardening of a deposit of clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam and that has a tendency to split into thin layers. Sheet erosion The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil material from the land surface by the action of rainfall and surface runoff. Short, steep slope (map symbol) A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes steeper than the slope class of the surrounding map unit. Shoulder The convex, erosional surface near the top of a hillslope. A shoulder is a transition from summit to backslope. Shrink-swell The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling can damage roads, dams, building foundations, and other structures. It can also damage plant roots. Shrub-coppice dune A small , streamlined dune that forms around brush and clump vegetation. Side slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. Side slopes are dominantly colluvium and slope-wash sediments. Silica A combination of silicon and oxygen . The mineral form is called quartz. Silica-sesquioxide ratio The ratio of the number of molecules of silica to the number of molecules of alumina and iron oxide. The more highly weathered soils or their clay fractions in warm-temperate, humid regions, and especially those in the tropics, generally have a low ratio. 56 Custom Soil Resource Report Silt As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 percent clay. Siltstone An indurated silt having the texture and composition of shale but lacking its fine lamination or fissility; a massive mudstone in which silt predominates over clay. Similar soils Soils that share limits of diagnostic criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, and have similar conservation needs or management requirements for the major land uses in the survey area. Sinkhole (map symbol) A closed , circular or elliptical depression, commonly funnel shaped , characterized by subsurface drainage and formed either by dissolution of the surface of underlying bedrock (e.g. , limestone, gypsum, or salt) or by collapse of underlying caves within bedrock. Complexes of sinkholes in carbonate-rock terrain are the main components of karst topography. Site index A designation of the quality of a forest site based on the height of the dominant stand at an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average height attained by dominant and codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75. Slickensides (pedogenic) Grooved, striated, and/or glossy (shiny) slip faces on structural peds, such as wedges; produced by shrink-swell processes, most commonly in soils that have a high content of expansive clays. Slide or slip (map symbol) A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass movement or descent of earthy material resulting from failure of earth or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces. Slope The inclination of the land surface from the horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical distance divided by horizontal distance, then multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. Slope alluvium Sediment gradually transported down the slopes of mountains or hills primarily by nonchannel alluvial processes (i.e. , slope-wash processes) and characterized by particle sorting . Lateral particle sorting is evident on long slopes. In a profile sequence, sediments may be distinguished by differences in size and/or specific gravity of rock fragments and may be separated by stone lines. Burnished peds 57 Custom Soil Resource Report and sorting of rounded or subrounded pebbles or cobbles distinguish these materials from unsorted colluvial deposits. Slow refill The slow filling of ponds, resulting from restricted water transmission in the soil. Slow water movement Restricted downward movement of water through the soil. See Saturated hydraulic conductivity. Sodic (alkali) soil A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted. Sodic spot (map symbol) An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is at least 10 more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or less. Sodicity The degree to which a soil is affected by exchangeable sodium . Sodicity is expressed as a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of a saturation extract, or the ratio of Na+ to Ca++ + Mg++. The degrees of sodicity and their respective ratios are: Slight Less than 13: 1 Moderate: 13-30: 1 Strong: More than 30: 1 Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) A measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg concentration. Soft bedrock Bedrock that can be excavated with trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and other equipment commonly used in construction. Soil A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth's surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has properties resulting from the integrated effect of climate and living matter acting on earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief and by the passage of time. Soil separates Mineral particles less than 2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging between specified size limits. The names and sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in the United States are as follows: 58 Custom Soil Resource Report Very coarse sand: 2.0 to 1 .0 Coarse sand: 1 .0 to 0.5 Medium sand: 0.5 to 0.25 Fine sand: 0.25 to 0. 10 Very fine sand: 0. 10 to 0.05 Silt: 0.05 to 0.002 Clay: Less than 0.002 Solum The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon , in which the processes of soil formation are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the material in these horizons are unlike those of the material below the solum. The living roots and plant and animal activities are largely confined to the solum. Spoil area (map symbol) A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from human activity. Stone line In a vertical cross section, a line formed by scattered fragments or a discrete layer of angular and subangular rock fragments (commonly a gravel- or cobble-sized lag concentration) that formerly was draped across a topographic surface and was later buried by additional sediments. A stone line generally caps material that was subject to weathering, soil formation, and erosion before burial. Many stone lines seem to be buried erosion pavements, originally formed by sheet and rill erosion across the land surface. Stones Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat. Stony Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers that interfere with or prevent tillage. Stony spot (map symbol) A spot where 0.01 to 0. 1 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surrounding soil has no surface stones. Strath terrace A type of stream terrace; formed as an erosional surface cut on bedrock and thinly mantled with stream deposits (alluvium). Stream terrace One of a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to the stream channel , originally formed near the level of the stream; represents 59 Custom Soil Resource Report the remnants of an abandoned flood plain , stream bed, or valley floor produced during a former state of fluvial erosion or deposition. Striperopping Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands that provide vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water erosion. Structure, soil The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound particles or aggregates. The principal forms of soil structure are: Platy: Flat and laminated Prismatic: Vertically elongated and having flat tops Columnar: Vertically elongated and having rounded tops Angular blocky: Having faces that intersect at sharp angles (planes) Subangular blocky: Having subrounded and planar faces (no sharp angles) Granular: Small structural units with curved or very irregular faces Structureless soil horizons are defined as follows: Single grained: Entirely noncoherent (each grain by itself), as in loose sand Massive: Occurring as a coherent mass Stubble mulch Stubble or other crop residue left on the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the next crop, and during the early growing period of the new crop. Subsoil Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solum below plow depth. Subsoiling Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan . Substratum The part of the soil below the solum. Subsurface layer Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, or EB) below the surface layer. Summer fallow The tillage of uncropped land during the summer to control weeds and allow storage of moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A practice common in semiarid regions, where annual precipitation is not enough to produce a crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently practiced before planting winter grain. 60 Custom Soil Resource Report Summit The topographically highest position of a hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only slightly convex) surface. Surface layer The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently designated as the "plow layer," or the "Ap horizon ." Surface soil The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions of these horizons. Talus Rock fragments of any size or shape (commonly coarse and angular) derived from and lying at the base of a cliff or very steep rock slope. The accumulated mass of such loose broken rock formed chiefly by falling, rolling , or sliding . Taxadjuncts Soils that cannot be classified in a series recognized in the classification system. Such soils are named for a series they strongly resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to that series because they differ in ways too small to be of consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only when one or more of their characteristics are slightly outside the range defined for the family of the series for which the soils are named. Terminal moraine An end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier. It typically has the form of a massive arcuate or concentric ridge, or complex of ridges, and is underlain by till and other types of drift. Terrace (conservation) An embankment, or ridge, constructed across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a field generally is built so that the field can be farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage has a deep channel that is maintained in permanent sod . Terrace (geomorphology) A steplike surface, bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that represents the former position of a flood plain, lake, or seashore. The term is usually applied both to the relatively flat summit surface (tread) that was cut or built by stream or wave action and to the steeper descending slope (scarp or riser) that has graded to a lower base level of erosion . Terracettes Small, irregular steplike forms on steep hillslopes, especially in pasture, formed by creep or erosion of surficial materials that may be induced or enhanced by trampling of livestock, such as sheep or cattle. 61 Custom Soil Resource Report Texture, soil The relative proportions of sand , silt, and clay particles in a mass of soil . The basic textural classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand , loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be further divided by specifying "coarse," "fine," or "very fine." Thin layer Otherwise suitable soil material that is too thin for the specified use. Till Dominantly unsorted and nonstratified drift, generally unconsolidated and deposited directly by a glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater, and consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones, and boulders; rock fragments of various lithologies are embedded within a finer matrix that can range from clay to sandy loam. Till plain An extensive area of level to gently undulating soils underlain predominantly by till and bounded at the distal end by subordinate recessional or end moraines. Tilth, soil The physical condition of the soil as related to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling emergence, and root penetration. Toeslope The gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in profile are commonly gentle and linear and are constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closed-depression floors. Topsoil The upper part of the soil , which is the most favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining . Trace elements Chemical elements, for example, zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils in extremely small amounts. They are essential to plant growth. Tread The flat to gently sloping, topmost, laterally extensive slope of terraces, flood-plain steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces. Tuff A generic term for any consolidated or cemented deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash. 62 Custom Soil Resource Report Upland An informal, general term for the higher ground of a region , in contrast with a low- lying adjacent area, such as a valley or plain , or for land at a higher elevation than the flood plain or low stream terrace; land above the footslope zone of the hillslope continuum . Valley fill The unconsolidated sediment deposited by any agent (water, wind, ice, or mass wasting) so as to fill or partly fill a valley. Variegation Refers to patterns of contrasting colors assumed to be inherited from the parent material rather than to be the result of poor drainage. Varve A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of still water within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited , usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or other body of still water in front of a glacier. Very stony spot (map symbol) A spot where 0. 1 to 3.0 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surface of the surrounding soil is covered by less than 0.01 percent stones. Water bars Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional areas that are excavated at an angle across a sloping road. They are used to reduce the downward velocity of water and divert it off and away from the road surface. Water bars can easily be driven over if constructed properly. Weathering All physical disintegration, chemical decomposition , and biologically induced changes in rocks or other deposits at or near the earth's surface by atmospheric or biologic agents or by circulating surface waters but involving essentially no transport of the altered material . Well graded Refers to soil material consisting of coarse grained particles that are well distributed over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil normally can be easily increased in density and bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with poorly graded soil. Wet spot (map symbol) A somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained area that is at least two drainage classes wetter than the named soils in the surrounding map unit. 63 Custom Soil Resource Report Wilting point (or permanent wilting point) The moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so much that it does not recover when placed in a humid, dark chamber. Windthrow The uprooting and tipping over of trees by the wind. 64 APPENDIX B Rational Method Runoff Calculations HISTORIC RUNOFF CALCS - 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS for A soils - Cs C10 Clop from Tallo real Ti= (.395*(1.1-Cyr)*(L".$)) / (S)".333 5 10 100 1-Hour Point Rainfall 1.42 1.68 2.71 For historic purposes, the lot was assumed as a single basin, all sheet flowing from east to west per USGS quad contours Overland flow only for historic. **for Ti calculations - only Cs is used BASIN H Historic - 5, 10, 100 yr 32.794 acres Use NCS Type A Cyr.see rroquexy left Ti** Velocity Tt Tc I A CIAs historic 5yr Length Slope 0.01 49.08 Tt= 0 0 49.08 1.64 32.79 0.54 cfs 960 0.020 0 0.020 CIA10 historic 10yr 960 0.07 49.08 Tt= 0 0 49.08 1.94 32.79 4.45 cfs Overland flow only ClAloohistoric 100yr 0.21 49.08 Tt= 0 0 49.08 3.13 32.79 21.55 cfs TOTAL AREA 32.794 acres BASIN H Undeveloped Building Asphalt Landscaping Gravel (packed) EFFECTIVE Imperviousness °/c, 2 90.00 100.00 40.00 2.00 C5 0.01 0.71 0.90 0.25 0.01 C10 0.07 0.73 0.92 0.30 0.07 C100 0.21 0.79 0.96 0.41 0.21 AREA 32.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.79 Western Engineering Consultants Page 1 of 1 2/18/2016 HISTORIC RUNOFF TABLE (Red OFS) BASIN C-YR I A CIA(YR-DEVELOPED) cfs DESIGN POINT BASIN H C5 0.01 1 .64 32.79 0.54 cfs 1 0100 0.21 3. 13 32.79 21 .55 cfs 1 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 EXISTING RUNOFF CALCS - 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS for A soils - Cs Go Goo=from Table PO.5 Ti= (.395*(1.1-Cy,)*(LAs)) /(S)A.333 5 10 100 1-Hour Point Rainfall 1.42 1.68 2.71 **for Ti calculations - only Cs is used BASIN El Existing - 5, 10, 100 yr 7.281 acres Use NCS Type A Cy,-see frequency 1e9 Ti** Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc I A CIA5 existing 5yr Length Slope 0.01 30.96 Tt= 0 0 30.96 12.78 12.78 3.47 7.28 0.38 cfs 500 0.030 0 0.030 ClAtoexisting 10yr 500 0.07 30.96 Tt= 0 0 30.96 12.78 12.78 4.10 7.28 2.23 cfs Overland flow only CIA,00existing 100yr Actual length 880', Use 500' 0.21 30.96 Tt= 0 0 30.96 12.78 12.78 6.62 7.28 10.32 cfs E2 Existing - 5, 10, 100 yr 25.513 acres Use NCS Type A Cyr-see frequency left Ti" Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc I A CIAs existing 5yr Length Slope 0.05 33.31 2.19 0 33.31 12.78 12.78 3.47 25.51 4.67 cfs initial 500 0.021 travel 0 0.021 CIA,oexisting 10yr 500 0.11 33.31 2.19 0 33.31 12.78 12.78 4.10 25.51 11.61 cfs Overland flow only 15 CIA,00exrsung 100yr Actual length 1,360', Use 500' 0.25 33.31 2.19 0 33.31 12.78 12.78 6.62 25.51 41.55 cfs ROW W31 Existing - 5, 10, 100 yr 1.106 acres Use NCS Type A Cyr.see frequency lel Ti** Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc I A CIAsox.sgng 5yr Length Slope 0.21 7.16 2.05 9.09 7.16 16.39 16.39 3.09 1.11 0.72 cfs initial 30 0.020 travel 1,120 0.019 CIA,oexiaing 10yr 1150 0.26 6.74 2.05 9.09 6.74 16.39 16.39 3.66 1.11 1.06 cfs Cv= 15 CIA+ooexisting 100yr 0.38 5.82 2.05 9.09 5.82 16.39 16.39 5.90 1.11 2.46 cfs ROW E31 Existing - 5, 10, 100 yr 1.106 acres Use NCS Type A Cyr-see frequency left Ti** Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc I A ClAsex.sgng 5yr Length Slope 0.01 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 3.19 1.11 0.04 cfs initial 15 0.020 travel 1,120 0.019 ClAioexisting 10yr 1135 0.07 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 3.78 1.11 0.29 cfs Cv= 15 ClAtooexisting 100yr 0.21 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 6.10 1.11 1.42 cfs Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 2 2/18/2016 EXISTING RUNOFF TABLE (Red OFS) BASIN a C-YR I A CIA(YR-DEVELOPED) cfs DESIGN POINT El C5 0.01 3.47 7.28 0.38 cfs 1 C100 0.21 6.62 7.28 10.32 cfs 1 E2 C5 0.05 3.47 25.51 4.67 cfs 2 C100 0.25 6.62 25.51 41 .55 cfs 2 ROW W31 C5 0.21 3.09 1 . 11 0.72 cfs 3 C100 0.38 5.90 1 . 11 2.46 cfs 3 ROW E31 C5 0.01 3. 19 1 . 11 0.04 cfs 4 C100 0.21 6. 10 1 . 11 1 .42 cfs 4 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 EXISTING RUNOFF TABLE (Red OFS) BASIN a C-YR I A CIA(YR-DEVELOPED) cfs DESIGN POINT El C5 0.01 3.47 7.28 0.38 cfs 1 C100 0.21 6.62 7.28 10.32 cfs 1 E2 C5 0.05 3.47 25.51 4.67 cfs 2 C100 0.25 6.62 25.51 41 .55 cfs 2 ROW W31 C5 0.21 3.09 1 . 11 0.72 cfs 3 C100 0.38 5.90 1 . 11 2.46 cfs 3 ROW E31 C5 0.01 3. 19 1 . 11 0.04 cfs 4 C100 0.21 6. 10 1 . 11 1 .42 cfs 4 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/5/2016 DEVELOPED RUNOFF CALCS - 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS See below for effective C values as calculated from Table RO-5 Ti= (.395'(1.1-Crr)"(L^.$)) / (S)^.333 5 10 100 BASIN Point Rainfall 1.42 1.68 2.71 A Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 7.28 acres Use NCS Type A Cs Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc cr-3AesleoyV I A CIA5 developed 5yr Length Slope 0.01 31.06 0.00 0.00 31.06 12.78 12.78 0.01 3.47 7.28 0.29 cfs initial 500 0.030 travel 0 0.030 CIA10developed 10yr 500 0.01 31.06 0.00 0.00 31.06 12.78 12.78 0.07 4.10 7.28 2.14 cfs Overland Only ClAloodeveloped 100yr 0.01 31.06 0.00 0.00 31.06 12.78 12.78 0.21 6.62 7.28 10.19 cfs B Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 25.51 acres Use NCS Type A Cs Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc O0.-seeabove I A CIA5 developed 5yr Length Slope 0.06 36.56 0.70 9.52 46.09 15.00 15.00 0.06 3.22 25.51 5.17 cfs initial 500 0.021 travel 400 0.010 CIAle developed 10yr 0.06 36.56 0.70 9.52 46.09 15.00 15.00 0.12 3.81 25.51 11.73 cfs Cv= 7 ClAloo developed 100yr 0.06 36.56 0.70 9.52 46.09 15.00 15.00 0.25 6.15 25.51 39.91 cfs ROW W31 Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 1.11 acres Use NCS Type A Cs Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc Cvr-see above I A ClAs developed 5yr Length Slope 0.21 7.16 2.05 9.09 16.24 16.39 16.24 0.21 3.10 1.11 0.72 cfs initial 30 0.020 travel 1,120 0.019 ClAlodeveloped 10yr 1150 0.21 7.16 2.05 9.09 16.24 16.39 16.24 0.26 3.67 1.11 1.06 cfs Cv= 15 ClAloo developed 100yr 0.21 7.16 2.05 9.09 16.24 16.39 16.24 0.38 5.92 1.11 2.47 cfs ROW E31 Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 1.11 acres Use NCS Type A Cs Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc Cvr-see above I A ClAsdeveloped 5yr Length Slope 0.01 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 0.01 3.19 1.11 0.04 cfs initial 15 0.020 travel 1,120 0.019 CIA10 developed 10yr 1135 0.01 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 0.07 3.78 1.11 0.29 cfs Cv= 15 CIAloo developed 100yr 0.01 6.20 2.05 9.09 15.29 16.31 15.29 0.21 6.10 1.11 1.42 cfs OFF 1 Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 310.01 acres Use NCS Type A Cs Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc Ora I A ClAs developed 5yr Length Slope 0.01 32.56 1.12 0.00 32.56 12.78 12.78 0.01 3.47 310.01 10.75 cfs initial 500 0.026 travel 0 0.026 CIA70 developed 10yr 0.01 32.56 1.12 0.00 32.56 12.78 12.78 0.07 4.10 310.01 89.05 cfs Cv= 7 ClAloodeveloped 100yr 0.01 32.56 1.12 0.00 32.56 12.78 12.78 0.21 6.62 310.01 430.93 cfs Unused Developed -5, 10, 100 yr 1.00 acres Use NCS Type A C5 Ti Velocity Tt Tc check Use Tc Cvr-seealvie I A ClAs developed 5yr Length Slope 0.21 0.00 2.12 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.01 6.62 1.00 0.07 cfs initial 0 0.020 travel 0 0.020 ClAlo developed 10yr 0.21 0.00 2.12 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.07 7.84 1.00 0.55 cfs Cv= 15 ClAloodevelopea 100yr 0.21 0.00 2.12 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.21 12.64 1.00 2.65 cfs Western Cnginccring Consultants 1 of 2 2118/201G DEVELOPED RUNOFF CALCS - 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS TOTAL AREA 7.281 acres Use NCS Type A TOTAL AREA 25.513 acres Use NCS Type A A Landscaping Recycled Conc Building Concrete Asphalt/ B Landscaping Gravel Building Concrete Asphalt/ Pond EFFECTIVE Pond EFFECTIVE I 2 40.00 90.00 90.00 100.00 2.21 I 2 40.00 90.00 90.00 100.00 9.00 C5 0.01 0.25 0.71 0.71 0.90 0.01 C5 0.01 0.25 0.71 0.71 0.90 0.06 C10 0.07 0.30 0.73 0.73 0.92 0.07 C10 0.07 0.30 0.73 0.73 0.92 0.12 C100 0.21 0.41 0.79 0.79 0.96 0.21 C100 0.21 0.41 0.79 0.79 0.96 0.25 AREA 7.26 0.00 0.01 0.0023 0.0000 7.281 AREA 22.23 2.35 0.25 0.00 0.69 25.513 ** Assumed Pond Full ** Assumed Pond Full TABLE RO-2 (taken from UDFCD Manual - Vol. I) EFFECTIVE IMPERVIOUSNESS - DETAINED SITE BASINS 7.49 Type of Land Surface Conveyance coefficient, Cv Effective C100 value (weighted avg) 0.245 Heavy Meadow 2.5 Tillage/field 5 Short pasture/Lawns 7 Nearly Bare Ground 10.00 Grassed Waterway 15.00 Paved areas and shallow paved swales 20.00 TOTAL AREA 1.106 acres Use NCS Type A TOTAL AREA 1.106 acres Use NCS Type A ROW W31 Landscaping Gravel Building Concrete Asphalt ROW E31 Landscaping Gravel Building Concrete Asphalt EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE I 2 40.00 90.00 90.00 100.00 33.72 I 2 40.00 90.00 90.00 100.00 2.00 C5 0.01 0.25 0.71 0.71 0.90 0.21 C5 0.01 0.25 0.71 0.71 0.90 0.01 C10 0.07 0.30 0.73 0.73 0.92 0.26 C10 0.07 0.30 0.73 0.73 0.92 0.07 C100 0.21 0.41 0.79 0.79 0.96 0.38 C100 0.21 0.41 0.79 0.79 0.96 0.21 AREA 0.184 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.106 AREA 1.106 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.106 TOTAL AREA 310.011 acres Use NCS Type A OFF 1 Landscaping Gravel Building Concrete Asphalt EFFECTIVE I 2 40.00 90.00 90.00 100.00 2.00 C5 0.01 0.25 0.71 0.71 0.90 0.01 C10 0.07 0.30 0.73 0.73 0.92 0.07 C100 0.21 0.41 0.79 0.79 0.96 0.21 AREA 310.010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 310.011 Western Engineering Consultants 2 of 2 2/18/2016 DEVELOPED RUNOFF TABLE (Red OFS) BASIN C-YR I A CIA(YR-DEVELOPED) cfs DESIGN POINT A C5 0.01 3.47 7.28 0.29 cfs 1 0100 0.21 6.62 7.28 10. 19 cfs 1 B C5 0.06 3.22 25.51 5. 17 cfs 2 C100 0.25 6. 15 25.51 39.91 cfs 2 ROW W31 C5 0.21 3. 10 1 . 11 0.72 cfs 3 C100 0.38 5.92 1 . 11 2.47 cfs 3 ROW E31 . C5 0.01 3. 19 1 . 11 0.04 cfs 4 C100 0.21 6. 10 1 . 11 1 .42 cfs 4 OFF 1 C5 0.01 3.47 310.01 10.75 cfs 5 C100 0.21 6.62 310.01 430.93 cfs 5 Unused C5 0.01 6.62 1 .00 0.07 cfs 6 C100 0.21 12.64 1 .00 2.65 cfs 6 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 APPENDIX C Empirical Detention Calculations, Modified FAA Detention Calculations, Design Pond Volumes, Channel Capacities, etc RED OFS - REQUIRED DETENTION (EMPIRICAL) K100 = (1 .78*1 -.002*I^2-3.56)/910 Adams County K10= (0.95*I-1 .9) / 1000 UDFCD K5= (0.77*I-2.26) / 1000 Adams County 10 YR 100 YEAR 10 YR 100 YEAR VOLUME = KA VOLUME = KA VOLUME = KA VOLUME = KA BASIN I A K10 K100 acre-ft acre-ft cubic feet cubic feet A 2.21 7.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63 126 B 9.00 25.51 0.01 0.01 0. 17 0.34 7,387 15,012 0.00 0.00 (0.00) (0.0C 0.00 0.00 0 0 TOTAL 7.49 32.79 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.35 7,449 15,137 WATER QUALITY CALCULATIONS from Figure EDB-2, 40 hr drain @ I, WQCV= noted below A WQ WQCV (*1 .2) WQCV TOTAL w/ 10 yr TOTAL w/ 100 yr TOTAL w/ 10 yr TOTAL w/ 100 yr BASIN acres (in/watershed) ac-ft cubic feet acre ft acre ft cubic feet cubic feet** A 7.28 0.02 0.012 528.1 0.01 0.02 591 390 B 25.51 0.06 0.156 6.801 .9 0.33 0.50 14,189 18,413 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.00 0 0 TOTAL 32.79 0.08 0.168 7,330 0.34 0.52 14,779 18,802 ** only includes 50% of WQCV RELEASE RATES A SOIL TYPE 5 YR COEFF 5 YR RATE 10 YR COEFF 10 YR RATE 100 YR COEFF 100 YR RATE BASIN acres UDFCD cfs UDFCD cfs UDFCD cfs A 7.28 A 0.07 0.51 0. 13 0.95 0.50 3.64 B 25.51 A 0.07 1 .79 0.13 3.32 0.50 12.76 0.00 A 0.07 0.00 0. 13 0.00 0.50 0.00 TOTAL 32.79 2.30 4.26 16.40 WQCV Min Reqd Vol Min Reqd Vol Initial Surcharge Surcharge Release Rate POND acres cubic feet % of WQCV cubic feet Max Depth (in) Dimensions Volume (ft^3) 2% of Dev Q (cfs) FOREBAY A 7.28 528. 1 2% 10.6 12 4'4' 16 0.20 FOREBAY B 25.51 6,801 .9 2% 136.0 12 12'12' 144 0.80 TOTAL 32.79 7,330.01 146.60 160 1 .00 Used 12 in depth Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS POND B 100 YEAR DETENTION VOLUME - WATER SURFACE ESTIMATED POND (TYPICAL) VOLUME vs ELEVATION Pond Outfall Invert: 5064.25 ELEVATION REQUIRED WQCV: 6,801 .9 ft^3 5065.18 ELEVATION REQUIRED 10 yr: 19,607.9 ft^3 5065.65 ELEVATION REQUIRED 100 yr 67,949.9 ftA3 5066.62 ELEVATION 43560 Avail Vol @ Emer Overflow: 67,970.7 ftA3 5066.62 ELEVATION ELEV AREA t VOL ACCUM ACUM (ac-ft; 5,064.25 0.0 0.25 157.0 157.0 0.00 5,064.50 1 ,883.4 0.50 3,055.3 3,212.2 0.07 5,065.00 11 ,745.0 0.50 10,040.7 13,253.0 0.30 5,065.50 29,793.2 0.50 20,691 .9 33,944.8 0.78 5,066.00 54, 180.8 0.62 34,025.8 67,970.7 1 .56 5,066.62 55,582.9 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 DISCHARGE CALCS for 1523 WCR 31 RED OFS POND B OUTLET W/S Elev Q (cfs) Inlet Inv 5064.25 WQCV w/s 5065.18 10 yr w/s 5065.65 3.32 100 yr w/s 5066.62 4.67 100 yr CIRCULAR Orifice Equation : Q=CA(2*g*H)0.5 C= 0.6 (from UDFCD) Outlet Invert = 5064.25 Qmajor= 4.670 cfs Outlet Dia (in) = 18 Hmajor = 1.620 ft H is max height of 2.24 feet less 1/2 dia of the outfall orifice g= 32.2 ft/sec2 Major A= 0.76 sq ft A maj = 109.74 sq in Circular (rad) R= 5.91 inches 100 yr SQUARE Orifice Equation : Q=CA(2*g*H)0.5 C= 0.65 (from UDFCD) Outlet Invert = 5064.25 Qmajor= 4.670 cfs Outlet Dia (in) = 18 Hmajor = 1.620 ft H is max height of 3.28 feet less 1/2 dia of the outfall orifice g= 32.2 ft/sec2 Major A= 0.70 sq ft A maj = 101.30 sq in Square w/h= 10.06 inches ea EMERGENCY OVERFLOW MINIMUM WEIR POND B SPILLWAY (Broad Crested) 10 YEAR WEIR @ OUTLET STRUCTURE Q=CLH^1.5 Sharp Crested Weir Equation: Q = CLH^1.5 Emergency Overflow Broad Crested Weir C (from Figure 7.13) 3.40 (Eqn SO-16) Width (b) = 404 ft Path length = 0.67 ft For 10 year weir: Q= 3.32 cfs Area = 269.33 sq ft H= (10 yr w/s less WQCV w/s)= 0.47 ft 2*Qdev = 75.15 cfs H= 5.70 inches Pw = 404.88 ft H = 0.16 ft L= 2.98 ft C = 3 L= 35.78 inches Q = CLH1'5 100 yr POND B SPILLWAY (Broad Crested) Q=CLH^1.5 Emergency Overflow Broad Crested Weir Width (b) = 67.33 ft Based on 1 foot lowering spaced every 5 feet Path length = 0.67 ft Area = 44.89 sq ft Qex Syr = 4.67 cfs Pw = 68.21 ft H = 0.08 ft C = 3 Q = CLH1.5 Western Engineering Consultants 1 of 1 2/18/2016 DETENTION VOLUME BY THE MODIFIED FAA METHOD Project: Red OFS Basin ID: POND B (For catchments less than 160 acres only. For larger catchments, use hydrograph routing method) (NOTE: for catchments larger than 90 acres, CUHP hydrograph and routing are recommended) Determination of MINOR Detention Volume Using Modified FAA Method Determination of MAJOR Detention Volume Using Modified FAA Method Design Information(Input): Design Information (Input): Catchment Drainage Imperviousness I,= 9.00 percent Catchment Drainage Imperviousness 1,= _ 9.00 percent Catchment Drainage Area A= 25.500 acres Catchment Drainage Area A= 25.500 acres Predevelopment NRCS Soil Group Type = A A, B. C, or D Predevelopment NRCS Soil Group Type = A A, B, C, or D Return Period for Detention Control T= 10 years(2, 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100) Return Period for Detention Control T= 100 years(2, 5, 10, 25. 50, or 100) Time of Concentration of Watershed Tc = 13 minutes Time of Concentration of Watershed Tc = 13 minutes Allowable Unit Release Rate q = 0.13 cfs/acre Allowable Unit Release Rate q = 0.18 cfs/acre One-hots Precipitation P, = 1.68 inches One-hour Precipitation P, = 2.71 inches Design Rainfall IDF Formula i=C," P,1(Cz+TJy C3 Design Rainfall IDF Formula i= C," P,1(C2+TJ*C3 Coefficient One C, = 28.50 Coefficient One C, = 28.50 Coefficient Two C2= 10 Coefficient Two C2= 10 Coefficient Three C3= 0.789 Coefficient Three C3= 0.789 Determination of Average Outflow from the Basin (Calculated): Determination of Average Outflow from the Basin (Calculated): Runoff Coefficient C = 0.13 Runoff Coefficient C = 0.27 Inflow Peak Runoff Op-in= 13.55 cfs Inflow Peak Runoff Op-in= 45.41 cfs Allowable Peak Outflow Rate Op-out = 3.32 cfs Allowable Peak Outflow Rate Op-out = 4.67 cfs Mod. FAA Minor Storage Volume= 12,806 cubic feet Mod. FAA Major Storage Volume= 64,589 cubic feet Mod. FM Minor Storage Volume = 0.294 acre-ft Mod. FM Major Storage Volume = 1.483 acre-ft 5 <- Enter Rainfall Duration Incremental Increase Value Here(e g. 5 for 5-Minutes) Rainfall Rainfall Inflow Adjustment Average Outflow Storage Rainfall Rainfall Inflow Adjustment Average Outflow Storage Duration Intensity Volume Factor Outflow Volume Volume Duration Intensity Volume Factor Outflow Volume Volume minutes inches/ M acre-feet "m" cfs acre-feet acre-feet minutes inches/ It acre-feet "m" cfs acre-feet acre-feet (input) _ (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (input) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 _ 0.00 0.000 ; 0.000 5 5.65 0.129 1.00 3.32 0.023 0.106 5 _ 9.12 0.432 1.00 4.67 0.032 0.400 T - 10 4.50 0.206 1.00 3.32 0.046 0.160 10 7.27 0.689 _ 1.00 _ 4.67__ 0.064_ 0.625 15 __ 3.78 _ 0.259 _ 0.92 _ 3.05 0.063 - 0.196 15 __ 6.09 _ 0.867 -- 0.92 -- 4.29 _ 0.089- 0.778 20 3.27 0.299 0.82 2.70 T 0.074 0.224 20 5.28 1.001 0.82 3.80 0.105 0.896 T 25 2.90 0.331 0.75 2.49 0.086 0.245 25 4.67 1108 0.75 3.51 0.121 0.987 T 30 2.61 _ 0.357 _ 0.71 _ 2.35 _ 0.097 - 0.260 30 _ 4.21 _ 1.196 _ 0.71 _ 3.31 _ 0.137 1.059 35 2.38 0.380 0.68 2.25 _ 0.109 0.271 35 3.83 1.272 0.68 _ 3.17 _ 0.153_! 1.119 T 40 2.19 0.399 0.66 2.18 0.120 0.279 40 3.53 1.338 0.66 _ 3.07 0.169_ 1.169 0.64 2.99 45 _ 2.03 0.417 0.64 2.12 0.132 �- 0.285 45 _ 3.27 _ 1.396 _ _ 0.185 _ 1.211 50 1.89 0.432 0.63 _ 2.08 _ 0.143 0.289 50 3.05 1.448 0.63 2.92 0.201 1.247 55 1.78 0.446 0.61 2.04 0.154 0.292 55 2.87 1.495 _ 0.61 __ 2.87__ 0.217_ 60 2.70 1539 0.61 2.82 1.305 0.233 1.278 _ 1.68 _ 0.459 _ 0.61 _ 2.01 0.166 - 0.293 60 _ _ . _ _ _ 65 _ 1.59 _ 0.471 _ 0.60 _ 1.98 0.177 0.294 65 2.56 1.579 0.60 _ 2.79 _ 0.249 _ 1.329 T 70 1.51 0.482 0.59 1.96 0.189 T 0.294 70 2.43 1.616 0.59 2.75 0.265 1.350 75 _ 1.44 0.493 0.58 1.94 0.200 0.293 75 _ 2.32 _ 1.650 _ 0.58 _ 2.73 _ 0.282 1.369 80 1.37 0.502 0.58 1.92 0.211 0.291 80 2.22 1.683 0.58 _ 2.70 _ 0.298_! 1.385 85 1.32 0.511 0.57 1.90 T 0.223 T 0.288 85 2.13 1.713 0.57 __ 2.68 -j 0.314_ 90 1.271.412 2.04 1.742 0.330 1.399 _ 0.520 _ 0.57 _ 1.89 _ 0.234 T_ 0.286 90 _ _ _ 0.57 _ 2.66 _ 95 1.22 0.528 0.57 1.88 0.246 T 0.282 95 1.96 1.769 0.57 _ 2.64 _ 0.346 _ 1.423 100 _ 1.17 0.536 0.56 1.87 0.257 0.279 100 1.89 1.795 L 0.56 _� 2.63 -- 0.362_ 1.433 �- 105 1.13 0.543 0.56 1.86 0.269 0.275 105 1.83 1.820 0.56 2.61 0.378 _ 1.442 __ _ _ 110 1.10 0.550 0.56 _ 1.85 _ 0.280 0.270 110 1.77 1.844 0.56 _ 2.60 _ 0.394 _I 1.450 115 1.06 0.557 0.55 _ 1.84 0.291 0.266 115 1.71 1.866 _ 0.55 2.59 _ 0.410_ 1.456 120 _ _ 1.03 __ 0.564 __ 0.55 _ 1.83 0.303 0.261 120 1.66 1.888 0.55 _ 2.58 _ 0.426 _ 1.462 125 1.00 0.570 0.55 1.82 0.314 0.256 125 1.61 1.909 0.55 2.57 0.442_ 1.467 T 130 0.97 0.576 0.55 1.82 0.326 T 0.250 130 1.57 1.929 0.55 2.56 0.458 1.471 135 0.94 0.582 0.55 1.81 0.337 0.245 135 1.52 1.949 _ 0.55 _2.55 0.474 1.475 __ _ _ _ - _ _ _ 140 0.92 0.587 0.55 1.81 T 0.348 T 0.239 140 1.48 1.968 0.55 2.54 0.490 1.477 145 0.90 0.593 0.54 1.80 0.360 0.233 145 1.44 1.986 0.54 2.54 0.507_ 1.479 T 150 0.87 0.598 _ 0.54 _ 1.80 _ 0.371 _ 0.227 150 _ 1.41 _ 2.004 _ 0.54 _ 2.53 _ 0.523 1.481 155 0.85 0.603 0.54 1.79 _ 0.383 0.221 155 1.37 2.021 0.54 2.52 0.539 1.482 _ 160 0.83 0.608 0.54 1.79 0.394 0.214 160 1.34 2.037 0.54 � 2.52 j 0.555 1.483 ___ 165 0.81 0.613 0.54 1.78 0.405 0.207 165 _ 1.31 _ 2.054 _ 0.54 _ 2.51 _ 0.571 1.483 170 0.80 0.618 0.54 _ 1.78 _ 0.417 0.201 170 1.28 2.069 0.54 2.51 0.587 1.482 175 0.78 0.622 0.54 1.78 0.428 0.194 175 1.26 2.085 _ 0.54 2.50 0.603 1.482 180 _ 0.76 _ 0.627 __ 0.54 _ 1.77 0.440 0.187 180 1.23 2.100 0.54 _ 2.50 _ 0.619 1.480 185 _ 0.75 _ 0.631 _ 0.53 _ 1.77 0.451 0.180 185 1.20 2.114 0.53 2.49 0.635 _ 1.479 T 190 0.73 0.635 0.53 1.77 0.463 T 0.173 190 1.18 2.128 0.53 2.49 0.651_ 195 2.48 0.667 1.475 _ 1.477 _ 0.72 _ 0.639 __ 0.53 _ 1.76 0.474 - 0.165 195 _ 1.16 _ 2.142 _ 0.53 _ _ 200 - 0.70 - 0.643 0.53 1.76 T 0.485 T 0.158 200 _ 1.14 2.156 0.53 _ 2.48 _ 0.683 _ 1.472 205 0.69 0.647 0.53 1.76 0.497 0.151 205 1.12 2.169 0.53 2.48 j 0.699 1.470 T 210 0.68 0.651 0.53 1.76 0.508 0.143 210 __ 1.10 _ 2.182 _ 0.53 _ 2.47 _ 0.715 1.466 215 0.67 0.655 0.53 1.75 0.520 0.135 215 1.08 2.195 0.53 _ 2.47 _ 0.732_ 1.463 T 220 0.66 0.659 0.53 1.75 0.531 0.128 220 1.06 2.207 0.53 2.47 0.748 1.459 225 0.64 0.662 0.53 1.75 0.542 0.120 225 __ 1.04 _ 2.219 _ 0.53 _ 2.46 _ 0.764 _ 1.456 230 0.63 _ 0.666 0.53 1.75 _ 0.554 0.112 230 1.02 2.231 0.53 _ 2.46 _ 0.780_I 1.451 235 0.62 _ 0.669 0.53 1.75 0.565 0.104 235 1.01 2.243 _ 0.53 2.46 0.796 1.447 240 _ 0.61 _ 0.673 _ 0.53 _ 1.74 0.577 _ 0.096 240 _ 0.99 _ 2.254 _ 0.53 _ 2.46 _ 0.812 _ 1.442 245 _ 0.60 _ T 0.676 _ 0.53 _ 1.74 0.588 0.088 245 0.98 2.266 0.53 _ 2.45 _ 0.828_I 1.438 250 0.60 0.680 0.53 1.74 0.600 T 0.080 250 0.96 2.277 0.53 2.45 _ 0.844_ 1.433 255_ 0.59 _ 0.683 _ 0.52 __ 1.74 __ 0.611 0.072 255 _ 0.95 _ 2.288 0.52 _ 2.45 _ 0.860 1.428 260 0.58 0.686 0.52 1.74 0.622 0.064 260 0.93 2.298 0.52 _ 2.45 _ 0.876_ 1.422 265 0.57 0.689 0.52 1.74 T 0.634 T 0.055 265 0.92 2.309 0.52 2.44 � 0.892 1.417 T 270 0.56 0.692 0.52 1.73 0.645 0.047 270 _ 0.91 _ 2.319 _ 0.52 _ 2.44 _ 0.908 1.411 275 0.55 0.695 0.52 1.73 0.657 0.039 275 0.89 2.329 0.52 _ 2.44 _ 0.924 _ 1.405 T 280 _ 0.55 _ 0.698 0.52 _ 1.73 0.668 0.030 280 0.88 2.339 0.52 _ 2.44 _ 285 0.956 0.940_ 1.393 1.399 _ 0.54 _ 0.701 _ 0.52 _ 1.73 0.679 0.022 285 _ 0.87 _ 2.349 _ 0.52 _ 2.44 _ _ 290 0.53 0.704 0.52 1.73 0.691 0.013 290 _ 0.86 _ 2.359 j 0.52 _ 2.43 _ 0.973_ 1.386 T 295 0.52 0.707 I 0.52 1.73 0.702 T 0.005 295 0.85 2.369 1 0.52 2.43 0.989 1.380 300 0.52 0.710 0.52 1.73 0.714 -0.004 300 0.84 2.378 0.52 2.43 1.005 1.373 Mod. FAA Minor Storage Volume(cubic ft.) = 12,806 Mod. FM Major Storage Volume(cubic ft.) = 64,589 Mod. FAA Minor Storage Volume (acre-ft.) = 0.2940 Mod. FAA Major Storage Volume(acre-ft.) = 1.4828 UDFCD DETENTION BASIN VOLUME ESTIMATING WORKBOOK Version 2.34, Released November 2013 20160218 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34. Modified FM 2/18/2016, 12:14 AM DETENTION VOLUME BY THE MODIFIED FAA METHOD Project: Red OFS Basin ID: POND B Inflow and Outflow Volumes vs. Rainfall Duration 2.5 2 1 .5 a> • • • • cuts • • E • z • >° 1 • • • _ _ - - - - 0.5 '�� - 'toOOo poOOOO - pOOOb - _ pOpOOpO „ DOp OO' - Opp0pp00 it • OO.OOO • 00p00e 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Duration (Minutes) -6-Minor Storm Inflow Volume -Minor Storm Outflow Volume 0 Minor Storm Storage Volume Major Storm Inflow Volume Major Storm Outflow Volume • Major Storm Storage Volume UDFCD DETENTION BASIN VOLUME ESTIMATING WORKBOOK Version 2.34, Released November 2013 20160218 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34. Modified FM 2/18/2016. 12:14 AM DETENTION VOLUME BY THE FULL SPECTRUM METHOD Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B * User input data Area of Watershed (acres) 25.51 shown in blue. Subwatershed Imperviousness 9.0% Level of Minimizing Directly Connected 0 Impervious Area (MDCIA) Effective Imperviousness' 9.0% Hydrologic Soil Type Percentage of Area Area (acres) Type A 100.0% 25.5 Type B 0.0% 0.0 Type C or D 0.0 Recommended Horton's Equation Parameters for CUHP Infiltration (inches per hour) Decay Initial--f, Final--ii) Coefficient--s 5 1 .0 0.0007 Detention Volumes 2'5 Maximum Allowable (watershed inches) (acre-feet) Release Rate, cfs3 Design Oulet to Empty Excess Urban Runoff Volume4 0.08 0.171 EURV in 72 Hours 100-year Detention Volume plus 1/2 WQCV s 0.18 0.384 12.76 2.50 — — — 2.00 - • vo.yr Vol Two A Sod Vi • N / s t00-yr Vol Type 8.C8DSoils S 1 .50 • C) / — • — EURV Two ASd E • Q -- — — EURV Typo BSod • C1 .00 / = " — • • I • Bay Typo CID Sol • - cc -00 � ' • 100-yr Storage Volume • 0101 _ - 0.50 �� Ut �` � � _ EV sbrage voeVolume�. �•0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent Total Imperviousness Notes: 1 ) Effective imperviousness is based on Figure ND-1 of the Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual (USDCM). 2) Results shown reflect runoff reduction from Level 1 or 2 MDCIA and are plotted at the watershed's total imperviousness value; the impact of MDCIA is reflected by the results being below the curves. 3) Maximum allowable release rates for 100-year event are based on Table SO-1 . Outlet for the Excess Urban Runoff Volume (EURV) to be designed to empty out the EURV in 72 hours. Outlet design is similar to one for the WQCV outlet of an extended detention basin (i.e., perforated plate with a micro-pool) and extends to top of EURV water surface elevation. 4) EURV approximates the difference between developed and pre-developed runoff volume. 5) User has opted to add 1 /2 the WQCV to the 100-year detention volume to satisfy local regulations. This is not required per the USDCM. 20160205 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention v2.34 2/5/2016, 10:12 AM STAGE-STORAGE SIZING FOR DETENTION BASINS Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B Dam -- __Side Slope Z Silt Slope Z ----- Dam / A ---.._` -----._` `_ �� ^ Floc v T t\ __-.�'� Side Slope Z i L < L a Side Slope Z Design Information (Input): Check Basin Shape Width of Basin Bottom, W = ft Right Triangle I OR... Length of Basin Bottom, L = ft Isosceles Triangle OR... Dam Side-slope (H:V), al = ft/ft Rectangle OR... Circle/ Ellipse OR... Irregular (Use Overide values in cells G32:G52) MINOR MAJOR Storage Requirement from Sheet'Modified FM': 0.29 1.48 acre-ft. Stage-Storage Relationship: Storage Requirement from Sheet'Hydrograph': acre-ft. Storage Requirement from Sheet'Full-Spectrum': 0.17 0.38 acre-ft. Labels Water Side Basin Basin Surface Surface Volume Surface Volume Target Volumes for WQCV, Minor. Surface Slope Width at Length at Area at Area at Below Area at Below for WQCV. Minor. & Major Storage Elevation (H:V) Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage & Major Storage Stages ft ft/ft ft ft ft2 ft2 User ft3 acres acre-ft Volumes (ii,pul) (input) Below El. (output) (output) (output) Overide (output) (output) (output) (for goal seek) 5064.25 (intul) - 0.000 0.000 5064.50 0.00 0.00 4,772 597 0.110 0.014 5065.00 0.00 0.00 24,330 7,872 0.559 0.181 5065.50 0.00 0.00 35,533 22,838 0.816 0.524 5066.00 0.00 0.00 49,970 44,214 1.147 1.015 5066.50 0.00 0.00 51,319 69,536 1.178 1.596 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 20160205 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34, Basin 2/5/2016, 10:14 AM STAGE-STORAGE SIZING FOR DETENTION BASINS Project: Basin ID: STAGE-STORAGE CURVE FOR THE POND 5066.75 5066.25 • 5065.75 - • • - a 0 O, co co 5065.25 5064.75 5064.251 J , 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1 .00 1 .20 1 .40 1 .60 '1 .80 Storage (acre-feet) 20160205 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention v2.34, Basin 2/5/2016, 10:14 AM STAGE-DISCHARGE SIZING OF THE WATER QUALITY CAPTURE VOLUME (WQCV) OUTLET Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B WQCV Design Volume(Input): Catchment Imperviousness, I,= 9.0 percent Catchment Area, A = 25.51 acres Diameter of holes, D = 0.918 inches Depth at WQCV outlet above lowest perforation, H= 1 feet Number of holes per row, N= 1 Vertical distance between rows, h = 4.00 inches OR Number of rows, NL = 4.00 Orifice discharge coefficient, C,= 0.65 Height of slot, H= inches Slope of Basin Trickle Channel, S = 0.005 ft/ft Width of slot, W = inches Time to Drain the Pond = 40 hours 0 O O O Perforated Watershed Design Information (Input): O D ❑ o Plate • Percent Soil Type A= 100 % o 0 O 0 0 00 O O O Examples Percent Soil Type B = 0 % O O O I Percent Soil Type C/D = 0 % " h h h Outlet Design Information (Output): O OO O 0 0 0 0 O O O 4" Excess Urban Runoff Volume (From'Full-Spectrum Sheet') 0.080 watershed inches II O D ❑ O N/A o O O Excess Urban Runoff Volume(From'Full-Spectrum Sheet') 0.171 acre-feet - 0 0 0 0 O 0 Outlet area per row, A0 = 0.66 square inches Total opening area at each row based on user-input above, A0 = 0.66 square inches Total opening area at each row based on user-input above, A0 = 0.005 square feet 3 Central Elevations of Rows of Holes in feet Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Row 6 Row 7 Row 8 Row 9 Row 10 Row 11 Row 12 Row 13 Row 14 Row 15 Row 16 Row 17 Row 18 Row 19 Row 20 Row 21 Row 22 Row 23 Row 23 E 0.25 0.58 0.92 1.25 Flow Collection Capacity for Each Row of Holes in cfs _ 5064.25 I 1.7077 1.7076 . 1.7076 1.7075 6.83 5064.50 1.7077 1.7077 1.7076 1.7076 _i 6.83 _ 5064.75 1.7078 1.7077 1.7077 1.7076 6.83 5065.00 i 1.7078 1.7078 1.7077 1.7077 6.83 5065.25 1.7079 1.7078 1.7078 1.7077 6.83 5065.50 1.7079 . 1.7079 . 1.7078 1.7077_ 6.83 5065.75 1.7080 . 1.7079 . 1.7078 . 1.7078 6.83 5066.00 I 1.7080 . 1.7079 1.7079 . 1.7078 6.83 J 5066.25 1.7080 1.7080 1.7079 1.7079 6.83 5066.50 1.7081 1.7080 1.7080 1.7079 6.83 #N/A #N/A #N/A #VA #N/A ttN/A #WA #WA _ itN/A _ - #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #11/A #WA #N/A #N/A , - #N/A J #N/A #WA #WA #WA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #VA #14/A #N/A #N/A ttN/A #VA . #WA itN/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #VA #WA #WA #N/A #N/A J #N/A #WA , #WA #WA #N/A #WA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A _I #VA #WA , #WA #WA #N/A #IV/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #WA #WA #WA #N/A #N/A #N/A #WA #WA #WA #N/A #WA #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #VA #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A _I OVA , #WA . tiN/A __#N/A_ #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #WA #WA #WA #N/A_ #N/A #N/A #WA , #WA #WA #N/A #WA #N/A #N/A #WA #N/A #VA #VA #14/A #N/A , #N/A _I #VA , #VA . #WA itN/A #N/A #N/A #WA #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A , #14/A OVA _ #WA MA #WA #N/A #14/A #N/A #IV/A #1V/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #WA . #WA #WA - #N/A OVA #WA ttN/A #N/A #N/A #IV/A #WA #WA #N/A _ #N/A #VA #WA #N/A #WA - - - I I #N/A Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Override Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Row 6 Row 7 Row 8 Row 9 Row 10 Row 11 Row 12 Row 13 Row 14 Row 15 Row 16 Row 17 Row 18 Row 19 Row 20 Row 21 Row 22 Row 23 Row 24 20160205 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34, WQCV 2/5/2016. 10:21 AM STAGE-DISCHARGE SIZING OF THE WATER QUALITY CAPTURE VOLUME (WQCV) OUTLET Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B I STAGE-DISCHARGE CURVE FOR THE WQCV OUTLET STRUCTURE 5067.00 - 5066.50 5066.00 - . tv a) r m 5065.50 - tv rn to w 5065.00 . 5064.50 5064.00 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.83 Discharge (cfs) 20160205 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34. WQCV 2/5/2016. 10:21 AM RESTRICTOR PLATE SIZING FOR CIRCULAR VERTICAL ORIFICES Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B 10 yr & 100 yr Orifice Dia . To 0 0 " 1 00 X o 0 0 0 r � Y„ #1 Vertical #2 Vertical Sizing the Restrictor Plate for Circular Vertical Orifices or Pipes (Input) Orifice Orifice Water Surface Elevation at Design Depth Elev: WS = 4,965.18 4,966.62 feet PipeNertical Orifice Entrance Invert Elevation Elev: Invert = 4,964.25 4,964.25 feet Required Peak Flow through Orifice at Design Depth Q = 3.32 4.67 cfs PipeNertical Orifice Diameter (inches) Dia = 18.0 18.0 inches Orifice Coefficient Co = 0.62 0.62 Full-flow Capacity (Calculated) Full-flow area Af= 1.77 1.77 sq ft Half Central Angle in Radians Theta = 3.14 3.14 rad Full-flow capacity Qf = 3.7 11.2 cfs Percent of Design Flow = 112% 240% Calculation of Orifice Flow Condition Half Central Angle (0<Theta<3.1416) Theta = 1.59 1.36 rad Flow area A0 = 0.90 0.65 sq ft Top width of Orifice (inches) To = 18.00 17.61 inches Height from Invert of Orifice to Bottom of Plate (feet) Yo = 0.76 0.59 feet Elevation of Bottom of Plate Elev Plate Bottom Edge = 4,965.01 4,964.84 feet Resultant Peak Flow Through Orifice at Design Depth O0 = 3.3 4.7 cfs Width of Equivalent Rectangular Vertical Orifice Equivalent Width = 1.18 1.10 feet Centroid Elevation of Equivalent Rectangular Vertical Orifice Equiv. Centroid El. = 4,964.63 4,964.55 feet 20160218 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34, Restrictor Plate 2/18/2016, 1:06 AM STAGE-DISCHARGE SIZING OF THE WEIRS AND ORIFICES (INLET CONTROL) Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B Routing Order WI (Stilndard) Routing Order 021 -.w'. 1I Major vWSLl. Mqo, H2 v NS a Mbn.r HI ZN> It.NO HI VI .. �..... �_1 WQ VI Y2 :• 4 _ Routing Order a}(Single Stage) Routing(lydcr N4 p N \ I I Pb¢n 11o.n v w r I I WO III v H].I:1..flgol i nC,IIn, h<tllna uu+r« q: v u a I I Nnim V- n! WO NI, %I 4.. i Current Routing Order is #1 Design Information (Input): #1 Horiz. #2 Horiz. #1 Vert. #2 Vert. Circular Opening: Diameter in Inches Dia. = _ 1 1 inches OR Rectangular Opening: Width in Feet W = 4.00 4.00 1.18 1.10 ft. Length (Height for Vertical) L or H = 4.00 4.00 0.76 0.59 ft. Percentage of Open Area After Trash Rack Reduction % open = 50 50 100 100 Orifice Coefficient Co = 0.65 0.65 0.62 0.62 Weir Coefficient CW = 3.25 3.25 Orifice Elevation (Bottom for Vertical) Ea= 5065.18 5065.65 5.064.25 I 5.064.25 ft. Calculation of Collection Capacity: Net Opening Area (after Trash Rack Reduction) AO= 8.00 8.00 0.90 0.65 sq. ft. OPTIONAL: User-Overide Net Opening Area Aa = sq. ft. Perimeter as Weir Length LW = 12.00 12.00 ft. OPTIONAL: User-Overide Weir Length L,N = ft. Top Elevation of Vertical Orifice Opening. Top = 5065.01 5064.84 ft. Center Elevation of Vertical Orifice Opening. Cen = 5064.63 5064.55 ft. Routing 1 : Water flows through WQCV plate and #1 horizontal opening into #1 vertical opening. This flow plus flow from #2 horizontal opening flows through #2 vertical opening. Horizontal Orifices Vertical Orifices Labels Water WQCV #1 Horiz. #1 Horiz. #2 Horiz. #2 Horiz. #1 Vert. #2 Vert. Total Target Volumes for WOCV. Minor. Surface Plate/Riser Weir Orifice Weir Orifice Collection Collection Collection for WQCV, Minor, & Major Storage Elevation Flow Flow Flow Flow Flow Capacity Capacity Capacity &Major Storage w.S. Elevations ft cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs Volumes (input) (linked) (User-linked) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (link for goal seek) 5064.25 6.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5064.50 6.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.48 0.48 5065.00 6.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.71 2.18 2.18 5065.50 6.83 7.06 23.61 0.00 0.00 4.18 3.16 3.16 5066.00 6.83 28.96 37.79 8.08 24.69 5.24 3.90 3.90 5066.50 6.83 59.15 47.94 30.56 38.47 6.12 4.52 4.52 6.83 #NIA MIA #NIA MIA #NIA #NIA #NIA 6.83 MIA #NIA #NIA MIA MIA #NIA #N/A 6.83 #NIA #NIA MIA #NIA MIA #NIA #N/A 6.83 MIA #NIA #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #N/A MIA #N/A #NIA #NIA MIA #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA MIA #N/A #N/A #N/A MIA #N/A #N/A #N/A MIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A MIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A OVA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA #14/A #N/A #NIA #14/A #N/A #N/A *NA #NIA #NIA #NIA #N/A MIA #N/A #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A OVA #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #14/A #14/A #14/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #N/A #14/A #1%1/fit #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #14/A #14/A #N/A #NIA #14/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A MA MIA #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #14/A #N/A #14/A #NIA OVA #N/A #N/A #NIA #N/A #NIA #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #14/A #NIA #N/A #NIA #N/A #NIA #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 20160218 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34, Outlet 2/18/2016. 1:14 AM STAGE-DISCHARGE SIZING OF THE WEIRS AND ORIFICES (INLET CONTROL) Project: Red OFS Basin ID: Pond B STAGE-DISCHARGE CURVE FOR THE OUTLET STRUCTURE 5066.75 - - - 5066.25 _N N 5065.75 4- o a, co 5065.25 5064.75 - 5064.25 0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Discharge (cfs) 20160218 Red OFS Pond B UD-Detention_v2.34, Outlet 2/18/2016. 1:14 AM I Design Procedure Form: Extended Detention Basin (EDB) Sheet 1 of 4 Designer: Chadwin Cox, PE Company: Western Engineering Consultants Date: February 18, 2016 Project: Red OFS Pond B Location: Brighton CO 1. Basin Storage Volume A) Effective Imperviousness of Tributary Area, la la = 9.0 B) Tributary Area's Imperviousness Ratio (i = la/ 100 ) i = 0.090 C) Contributing Watershed Area Area = 25.510 ac D) For Watersheds Outside of the Denver Region, Depth of Average d6 = in Runoff Producing Storm Choose One E) Design Concept (Select EURV when also designing for flood control) O Water Quality Capture Volume (WQCV) O Excess Urban Runoff Volume (EURV) F) Design Volume (1.2 WQCV) Based on 40-hour Drain Time VDESIGN= 0.156 ac-ft (✓DESIGN = (1.0 " (0.91 " i"- 1.19 " r+ 0.78 " i)/ 12 - Area " 1.2) G) For Watersheds Outside of the Denver Region, VDESIGN OTHER= ac-ft Water Quality Capture Volume (WQCV) Design Volume (VwocV OTHER = (d6"(✓DESIGN/0.43)) H) User Input of Water Quality Capture Volume (WQCV) Design Volume VDESIGN USER= ac-ft (Only if a different WQCV Design Volume is desired) Choose O I) Predominant Watershed NRCS Soil Group CA O B GC / D J) Excess Urban Runoff Volume (EURV) Design Volume For HSG A. EURVA = (0.1878i - 0.0104)*Area For HSG B. EURVB = (0.11781 - 0.0042)'Area For HSG C/D: EURV,;,c, = (0.10431 - 0.0031)"Area 2. Basin Shape: Length to Width Ratio L W = 2.0 : 1 (A basin length to width ratio of at least 2:1 will improve TSS reduction.) 3. Basin Side Slopes A) Basin Maximum Side Slopes Z = 4.00 ft / ft (Horizontal distance per unit vertical, 4:1 or flatter preferred) 4. Inlet UDFCD Outlet A) Describe means of providing energy dissipation at concentrated inflow locations: 20160218 Red OFS Pond B-UD-BMP_v3.03, EDB 2/18/2016, 1:16 AM lDesign Procedure Form: Extended Detention Basin (EDB) Sheet 2 of 4 Designer: Chadwin Cox, PE Company: Western Engineering Consultants Date: February 18, 2016 Project: Red OFS Pond B Location: Brighton CO 5. Forebay A) Minimum Forebay Volume Vrs„,, = 0.003 ac-ft (VFMIN = 2% of the WQCV) B) Actual Forebay Volume VF = 0.012 ac-ft C) Forebay Depth DF = 6.0 in (DF = 18 inch maximum) D) Forebay Discharge i) Undetained 100-year Peak Discharge Qioo = 39.91 cfs ii) Forebay Discharge Design Flow (4= 0.80 cfs (OF = 0.02 t goo) E) Forebay Discharge Design Choose One Q Berm With Pipe (flow too small for berm wl pipe) Wall with Red. Notch Q Wall with V-Notch W F) Discharge Pipe Size (minimum 8-inches) :)alculated i . G) Rectangular Notch Width Calculated WN = 9.3 in Choose One 6. Trickle Channel ® Concrete A) Type of Trickle Channel Q Soft Bottom F) Slope of Trickle Channel S = 0.0050 ft / ft 7. Micropool and Outlet Structure A) Depth of Micropool (2.5-feet minimum) D�,I = 2.5 ft 61 Surface Area of Micr0000l (10 ft2 minimum) AM = 10 sq ft C) Outlet Type In Choose One Q Orifice Plate Q Other (Describe): d D) Depth of Design Volume (EURV or 1.2 WQCV) Based on the Design H = 0.73 feet Concept Chosen Under 1.E. E) Volume to Drain Over Prescribed Time WQCV = 0.130 ac-ft F) Drain Time TD = 40 hours (Min TD for WQCV= 40 hours; Max TD for EURV= 72 hours) G) Recommended Maximum Outlet Area per Row, (A0) A0 = 0.57 square inches H) Orifice Dimensions: i) Circular Orifice Diameter or Donate = 13 / 16 inches dj vVldtij of f" t-ilgit Rectangular Orifice I) Number of Columns nc = 1 number J) Actual Design Outlet Area per Row (A0) A0 = 0.52 square inches K) Number of Rows (nr) n,. = 2 number L) Total Outlet Area (Ao,) Aa = 1.1 square inches M) Depth of WQCV (H4vocv) (Estimate using actual stage-area-volume relationship and Vwocv) N) Ensure Minimum 40 Hour Drain Time for WQCV Ill 20160218 Red OFS Pond B-UD-BMP_v3.03, EDB 2/18/2016, 1:16 AM I Design Procedure Form: Extended Detention Basin (EDB) Sheet 3 of 4 Designer: Chadwin Cox, PE Company: Western Engineering Consultants Date: February 18, 2016 Project: Red OFS Pond B Location: Brighton CO 8. Initial Surcharge Volume A) Depth of Initial Surcharge Volume = 4.0 in (Minimum recommended depth is 4 inches) b) Idiu:it hull It l;aii31 .3Ui<.I;u- t) VUiU:I im vnt1.;mo of r, 7o.. ns 'I'p `n/fC:\/i C) Initial Surcharge Provided Above Micropool V,;= 3.3 cu ft 9. Trash Rack Cho CircularoseOne(up to 1-1/4" diameter) A) Type of Water Quality Orifice Used Q Circular (greater than 1-1/4" diameter) OR Rectangular (2" high)' B) Water Quality Screen Open Area: A = Aot * 38.5*(e-o.os5o) A. = 40 square inches C) For 1-1/4"", or Smaller, Circular Opening (See Fact Sheet T-12): i) Width of Water Quality Screen and Concrete Opening (W ,,;n9) Wo my = 12.0 inches ii) Height of Water Quality Screen (HTR) H-- = 36.8 inches Choose One iii) Type of Screen, Describe if"Other" QQ 5.5. well screen with 60% Open Area Q Other (Describe): D) For Circular Opening (greater than 1-1/4" diameter) OR 2" High Rectangular Opening (See Fact Sheet T-12): i) Width of Water Quality Screen Opening (Woee,,;,,,,) ii) Height 01 Water Quality Screen (HTR) iii) Type of Screen, Describe if"Other" Choose One CI Aluminum Amico-Kiemp SR Series (or equal) O Other (Describe): v) Cross-bar Spacing inches vi) Minimum Bearing Bar Size -4 20160218 Red OFS Pond B-UD-BMP_v3.03, EDB 2/18/2016, 1:16 AM I Design Procedure Form: Extended Detention Basin (EDB) Sheet 4 of 4 Designer: Chadwin Cox, PE Company: Western Engineering Consultants Date: February 18, 2016 Project: Red OFS Pond B Location: Brighton CO 10. Overflow Embankment A) Describe embankment protection for 100-year and greater overtopping: B) Slope of Overflow Embankment Z,- = 4.00 ft / ft (Horizontal distance per unit vertical, 4:1 or flatter preferred) Choose One 11. Vegetation Q Irrigated ® Not Irrigated 12. Access A) Describe Sediment Removal Procedures Notes: 20160218 Red OFS Pond B-UD-BMP_v3.03, EDB 2/18/2016, 1:16 AM Normal Flow Analysis - Trapezoidal Channel Project: Red OFS Channel ID: Swale WB F • • . T . : ;. I V o 1 1 1 � ,.1,. - Z1 Z` B Design Information (Input) Channel Invert Slope So = 0.0100 ft/ft Manning's n n = 0.040 Bottom Width B = 8.00 ft Left Side Slope Z1 = 4.00 ft/ft Right Side Slope Z2 = 4.00 ft/ft Freeboard Height F = 0.00 ft Design Water Depth Y = 1 .00 ft Normal Flow Condtion (Calculated) Discharge Q = 36.53 cfs Froude Number Fr = 0.62 Flow Velocity V = 3.04 fps Flow Area A = 12.00 sq ft Top Width T = 16.00 ft Wetted Perimeter P = 16.25 ft Hydraulic Radius R = 0.74 ft Hydraulic Depth D = 0.75 ft Specific Energy Es = 1 . 14 ft Centroid of Flow Area Yo = 0.44 ft Specific Force Fs = 0.55 kip 20160218 Red OFS Swale WB UD-Channels v1 .05, Basics 2/18/2016, 1 :23 AM Critical Flow Analysis - Trapezoidal Channel Project: Red OFS Channel ID: Swale WB F ' ' T Yo 1 1' 1 '...' 1 Z2 B Design Information (Input Bottom Width B = 8.00 ft Left Side Slope Z1 = 4.00 ft/ft Right Side Slope Z2 = 4.00 ft/ft Design Discharge Q = 40.00 cfs Critical Flow Condition (Calculated) Critical Flow Depth Y = 0.80 ft Critical Flow Area A = 8.89 sq ft Critical Top Width T = 14.36 ft Critical Hydraulic Depth D = 0.62 ft Critical Flow Velocity V = 4.50 fps Froude Number Fr = 1 .01 Critical Wetted Perimeter P = 14.56 ft Critical Hydraulic Radius R = 0.61 ft Critical (min) Specific Energy Esc = 1 . 11 ft Centroid on the Critical Flow Area Yoc = 0.32 ft Critical (min) Specific Force Fsc = 0.53 kip 20160218 Red OFS Swale WB UD-Channels v1 .05, Basics 2/18/2016, 1 :23 AM Hello