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- Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
\ RCS States Department of
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August 16 , 2019
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas . Soil surveys are designed for
many different users , including farmers , ranchers , foresters , agronomists , urban
planners , community officials , engineers , developers , builders , and home buyers .
Also, conservationists , teachers , students , and specialists in recreation , waste
disposal , and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand ,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal , State , and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions .
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses . The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations .
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm , local , and wider area
planning , onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases . Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www. nres. usda .gavlwpsl
portal/n reslm ain/so i l sf health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications . For more detailed information , contact your local USDA Service Center
(https ://offices .sc. egov. usda .govllacatorlapp?agency=arcs) or your N RCS State Soil
Scientist (http ://www. nres .0 sda.gov/wps/portal/nresfd etail/soils/contactu sl?
cid =nres142p2_053951 ).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances . Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding . Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads . Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields . A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations .
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies . The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the N RCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information .
The U . S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin , age, disability,
and where applicable , sex, marital status , familial status , parental status , religion ,
sexual orientation , genetic information , political beliefs , reprisal , or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program . (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs . ) Persons with disabilities who require
2
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD ) . To file a complaint of discrimination , write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights , 1400 Independence Avenue , S .W. , Washington , D . C . 20250-9410 or
call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3
Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 8
Soil Map 9
Legend 10
Map Unit Legend 11
Map Unit Descriptions 11
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 13
72—Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes 13
References 15
4
■
How Soil Surveys
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area . They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses . Soil scientists observed the steepness , length ,
and shape of the slopes ; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants ; and the kinds of bedrock . They observed and described many soil
profiles . A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers , or horizons , in a soil . The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas ( MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate , water
resources , soils , biological resources , and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate , and natural vegetation of the
area . Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform . By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform , a soil scientist develops a concept, or model , of how they
were formed . Thus , during mapping , this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape .
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles . Nevertheless , these observations , supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship , are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries .
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied . They
noted soil color, texture , size and shape of soil aggregates , kind and amount of rock
fragments , distribution of plant roots , reaction , and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties , the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts . Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits . The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States , is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile . After the soil
5
Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research .
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements . Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions . Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data . The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans . If intensive use of small areas is planned , onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas .
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors , including scale of
mapping , intensity of mapping , design of map units , complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations . Once the soil-landscape model is refined , a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded .
These measurements may include field measurements , such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture , and laboratory measurements , such as those for
content of sand , silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented . Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties .
While a soil survey is in progress , samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests . Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses . Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions , and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs . Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information , production records , and field experience of
specialists . For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil .
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time , but they are not predictable from year to year. For example ,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings ,
fields , roads , and rivers , all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
7
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map , and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
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9
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOl) IN Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
Area of Interest (AOI) 1 :24,000.
Stony Spot
Soils Very Stony Spot
Soil Map Unit Polygons Warning : Soil Map may not be valid at this scale..
V. Wet Spot
Lj Soil Map Unit Lines
Other Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
Soil Map Unit Points misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
Special Line Features line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
Special Point Features contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
lull Blowout Water Features scale.
Streams and Canals
r4 Borrow Pit
Transportation Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Clay Spot
Rails measurements .
Closed Depression
Interstate Highways
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
FX Gravel Pit US Routes Web Soil Survey URL:
Gravelly Spot Coordinate System : Web Mercator (EPSG :3857)
Major Roads
Landfill Local Roads Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
ss. Lava Flow projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
Background distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Marsh or swamp 1 Aerial Photography Albers equal-area conic projection , should be used if more
* Mine or Quarry accurate calculations of distance or area are required .
Miscellaneous Water This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
Perennial Water of the version date(s) listed below.
Rock Outcrop Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Saline Spot Survey Area Data: Version 17, Sep 10, 2018
. 4.0 Sandy Spot
9 0 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
,e Severely Eroded Spot 1 :50,000 or larger.
Sinkhole Date(s) aerial images were photographed : Sep 20, 2015—Oct
31, Slide or Slip 21 , 2017
Sodic Spot The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps . As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in Aol Percent of AOI
72 Vona loamy sand , 0to3 18 .7 100 .0%
percent slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 18.7 100 .0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area . The map unit descriptions , along
with the maps , can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas . A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils . Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils . On the
landscape , however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena . Thus , the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class .
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes . Consequently, every map unit is made
u p of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils .
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
n on contrasting , or similar, components . They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description . Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting , or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used . Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps . If included in the database for a
given area , the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each . A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed , and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape .
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
u sefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans . If intensive use of small areas is planned , however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas .
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Custom Soil Resource Report
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions .
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition , thickness , and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope , stoniness ,
salinity, degree of erosion , and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series . The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam , 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series .
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas .
These map units are complexes , associations , or undifferentiated groups .
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps .
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas . Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes , is an example .
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps . Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha- Beta association , 0 to 2 percent slopes , is an example .
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually► but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform . An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas , or it can be made
up of all of them . Alpha and Beta soils , 0 to 2 percent slopes , is an example .
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation . Rock outcrop is an example .
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Weld County, Colorado , southern Part
72 Vona loamy sand , 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363r
Elevation: 4, 600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces , plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape : Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
Hi - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
H - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High ( 1 . 98 to 6. 00
inlhr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of podding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
salinity; maximum in profile: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0 . 0 to 4 . 0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6 .5 inches)
interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (non irrigated). 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO)
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Valent
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
14
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) .
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing . 24th edition .
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes . ASTM Standard D2487-00 .
Cowardin , L. M . , V. Carter, F. C . Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979 . Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States . U .S . Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31 .
Federal Register. July 13, 1994 . Changes in hydric soils of the United States .
Federal Register. September 18 , 2002. Hydric soils of the United States .
Hurt, G .W. , and L . M . Vasilas , editors. Version 6 .0 , 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States .
National Research Council . 1995. Wetlands : Characteristics and boundaries .
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual . Soil Conservation Service .
U . S . Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www. nres . usda.gov/wps/portal!
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid =nres142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys . 2nd edition . Natural Resources Conservation
Service , U . S . Department of Agriculture Handbook 436 . http ://
www. arcs . usd a.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=n res 142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition . U . S . Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. arcs . usd a.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=n res 142p2_O5358O
Tiner, R .W. , Jr. 1985 . Wetlands of Delaware. U . S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control , Wetlands
Section .
United States Army Corps of Engineers , Environmental Laboratory. 1987 . Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual . Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87- 1 .
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual . http://www. nres . usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid= arcs 142p2_O53374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http ://www.nres . usda .gov/wps/portal/arcs/
detail/national/land u s e/rang ep astu re/?cid =stel p rd b 10430 84
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Custom Soil Resource Report
UnitedStates Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service .
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI . http ://www.nrcs. usda .goviwpsiportali
arcs/d etai I/soils/scientists/?cid = nres l 42 p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean , and the Pacific Basin . U .S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296 . http : //www. nres . usda . goviwpslportal/nres/detailinationallsoils/?
cid =nrcs142p2_053624
res 142 p2_6 63624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service . 1961 . Land
capability classification. U .S . Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www. nrcs . usda.gov/InternetiFSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290. pdf
16
Kumar & Associates, lnch °
Kfit Geotechnica! and Materials Engineers 10302 South Progress Way
and Env ranrental Scientists Parker, CO 80134
phone: ( 303 ) 841s7119
fax : (303) 841 -7550
email : kaparker@kurnarusa. com
An Employee Owned Company w'.kumarusa .con
Office Locations ; Denver ( HO), Parker, Colorado Springs, Fart Collins , Glenwood Springs, and Summit County, Colorado
July 12 , 2019
s. tsi
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oearct..s.\\
Mr . Gus Robson Email : gus@robsoncontractin . com
Robson Contracting , Ltd . 30
8475 W 1-25 Frontage Rd 80504 • i
Longmont, Co 80014 Project No . 19 -226 wxwkfra
�cvss cam
989 - 2019
Dear Mr Robson :
This letter presents the results of a subsoil study and recommendations for the foundation for a 60
ft. by 120 ft . arena to be located at 10848 Weld County Rd . 19, Ft. Lupton , CO .
The exploration was performed on June 28, 2019 with a truck mounted drill rig p �owerin 4-inch
diameter continuous fight augers . Two borings were drilled at the approximate locations shown on
Figure 2 , The borings were logged by a representative of Kumar & Associates .
Subsoil conditions . The soils for Boring 1 , below the top soil , consisted of 4 feet of medium
dense clayey sand overlying 3 feet of very stiff sandy clay that in turn overlies 3 1/2 feet of medium
dense silty sand overlying claystone bedrock at depthl2feet to the maximum depth drilled , 20 feet. .
p
Loose to medium dense silty sand was found in Boring 2 from below a thin layer of top soil to
�
depth 12 feet . Claystone bedrock was found at 12 feet to a final depth of 20 feet for both borings .
swell compression tests , Figure 6 , on a sample from the clay layer in Boring I showed nil swell
potential when wetted under a 1 , 900 psi surcharge. Ground water was not encountered at the
time of drilling . Groundwater level can be expected to rise or fall depending on precipitation or
p p
climatic changes.
Foundation Recommendations: Based on the proposed construction and the soil conditions it is
our opinion that spread footings are appropriate to support the structure . The following details
should be followed .
1 . Footings placed on the native soils or properly compacted structural fill should be designed
for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 2 , 500 psi.
2 , Any loose or soft material encountered in the footing excavation should be removed and
replaced compacted or with non-expansive structural fill material compacted to 95% of the
modified Proctor maximum dry density (ASIM 0 1557 ) within two percent of the optimum
Project No 19-8-226
10848 Weld County Rd 19
July 12 , 2019
Paget
moisture content . If new fill is used to support foundations it should extend down from the
edges of the footings at a minimum 1 horizontal to 1 vertical projection .
3 . The native soils should be compacted with a vibratory plate compactor prior to placing forms
or concrete
4 . The on -site native soils minus any deleterious materials , such as clay, are suitable for use as
fill below foundations, if moisture conditioned and compacted as outlined under the SITE
GRADING section . Import structural fill , if required , should consist of a minus 2-inch non--
expansive , granular soil having a maximum of 35% passing the No . 200 sieve and a
maximum plasticity index of 15 . The geotechnical engineer should evaluate the suitability of
proposed fill materials prior to placement_
5 . Continuous footings should be at least 16 inches wide and isolated column footings at least
24 inches wide .
6 . Exterior footings and footings beneath unheated areas should be provided with adequate soil
cover above their bearing elevation for frost protection . Placement of foundations at least 36
inches below the exterior grade is typically used in this area .
7 . Continuous foundation walls should be reinforced top and bottom to span an unsupported
length of at least 10 feet.
8 . The lateral resistance of a spread footing placed on the silty sand or properly compacted fill
material will be a combination of the sliding resistance of the footing on the foundation
materials and passive earth pressure against the side of the footing . Resistance to sliding at
the bottom of the footings may be calculated based on an allowable coefficient of friction of
0 . 35 . Passive pressure against the sides of the footings may be calculated using an
allowable equivalent fluid unit weight of 250 pcf. Compacted fill placed against the sides of
the footings to resist lateral loads should be compacted to at least 95% of the modified
Proctor maximum dry density within two percent of the optimum moisture content.
9 . A representative of the geotechnical engineer should observe all footing excavations prior to
forming , placing fill or concrete placement.
RETAINING AND FOUNDATION WALLS
Foundation walls and retaining structures which are laterally supported and can be expected to
undergo only a slight amount of deflection should be designed for a lateral earth pressure
computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of 50 pcf for backfill consisting of properly
compacted , approved , on-site soil . Cantilevered retaining structures which are separate from the
building and can be expected to deflect sufficiently to mobilize the full active earth pressure
Kumar & Associates, Inc. __a..
Project No 19- -226
10848 Weld County Rd 19
July 12 , 2019
Page 3
condition should designed for a lateral earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid
unit weight of 35 pcf for backfill consisting of properly compacted on-site soils .
The lateral resistance of retaining wall footings will be a combination of the sliding resistance of the
footing on the foundation materials and passive earth pressure against the side of the footing as
discussed in the SPREAD FOOTING section of this report. Care should be taken not to over-
compact the wall backfill since this could cause excessive lateral pressures on the walls . Some
settlement of foundation wall backfill could occur even if the backfill is placed correctly .
All retaining structures should be designed for appropriate hydrostatic and surcharge pressures
such as adjacent footings , traffic , construction materials and equipment. The pressures
recommended above assume drained conditions behind the walls and a horizontal backfill surface .
The buildup of water behind a wall or an upward sloping backfill surface will increase the lateral
pressure imposed on a foundation wall or retaining structure. An underdrain or weep holes should
be provided to prevent hydrostatic pressure buildup behind retaining wails .
FLOORS
We assume that the floor will be subjected to moderate loads . Typically it is a good practice to
allow for a small amount of slab movement. The subgrade soils are sand and any fill should be
similar. AU top soil should be removed . With good compaction movement should be minor. In
addition the following details should be provided . If concrete slab-on-grade floor is proposed the
subgrade should be scarified and compacted . The following recommendations are for a slabaon-
grade floor.
1 . Floor slab control joints should be used to reduce damage due to shrinkage cracking . Control
joint spacing is a function of slab thickness, aggregate size , slump and curing conditions . The
requirements for concrete slab thickness , joint spacing and reinforcement should be
established by the designer based on experience , recognized design guidelines and the
intended slab use. Placement and curing conditions will have an impact on the final_concrete
slab integrity.
2 . A moisture retarder should be used below the slab if a moisture sensitive floor covering is
proposed ,
3 . All plumbing lines should be tested before operation . Where plumbing lines enter through the
floor, a positive bond break should be provided .
4 . Excessive wetting or drying of the floor slab subgrade should be avoided during construction .
Kumar . . --_._- -___
Project No 19-8-226
10848 Weld County Rd 19
July 12 , 2019
Page 4
SITE GRADING
General
The following recommendations should be followed for grading , site preparation, and fill
compaction .
1 . All import and on-site backfill should be approved by the geotechnical engineer.
2 . Where fill is to be placed , loose or otherwise unsuitable material , including topsoil vegetation cr
any debris should be removed prior to placement of new fill . The surface should be scarified ,
moisture conditioned andcompacted prior to placing new fill .
3 . Soils should be compacted with appropriate equipment for the lift thickness placed , typically fl-
inches loose , or less.
4. The following compaction requirements should be used :
TYPE OF ALL SOIL T P' E .._Cony action Percent
,, MOISTURE CONTENTp
PLACEMENT (ASTM D- 1557 Modified Proctor
Suitable onsite or
Below Footings 2 % to + 2% of Optimum
Import Fill ( rein — 95 % )
Below Concrete Flatwork , Suitable Onsite or2% to +2 % of Optimum
Slabs-on-Grade Import Fill ( rnin - 95% )
Landscape Areas ; -2 % to +2% of Optimum ' Onsite or Import Fill a 90%
Utility Trenches ! As they apply to the finished area
� _ _
Suitability of On-site Soil
The onsite native soils are suitable for use as compacted fill at the site for foundations and slabs
provided the moisture and compaction specifications listed above are followed . All fill should be
processed so that it does not contain fragments larger than 2 inches in diameter, and should be
moisture conditioned and compacted according to the specifications listed above .
Import Structural Fill
If import structural fill is needed , such as below footings or slabs it should be non-expansive,pansjve, and
should consist of minus 2-inch material having less than 35 percent passing the No . 200 sieve, a
liquid limit less than 30 , and a plasticity index less than 15 . Import materials should be approved
by the geotechnical engineer before placement. COOT Class 1 Structural Backfill or Class 5 or 6
aggregate materials will meet the above specifications , and are suitable as structural fill .
SURFACE DRAINAGE AND MAINTENANCE
The success of foundations , slab-on-grade floors , and concrete flatwork is p
contingent upon
g
Kumar Associates, Inc. .__
Project No 19-8-226
1084B Weld County Rd 19
July 12, 2019
Page 5
keeping the bearing soils at approximately constant moisture content ; and by not allowing surface
water a path to the subsurface. Surface drainage should be designed such that water will quickly
flow away from the proposed structure. Surface drainage and irrigation practices that reduce the
amount of surface water that infiltrates to foundation levels will reduce the potential for settlement
of soils that support foundations and concrete flatwork . Positive drainage away from the
foundation and avoidance of irrigation near the foundation also reduce areas of excessive wetting
of backfill soils _ Poor surface drainage or excessive irrigation can lead to increased backfill
settlement and higher lateral earth pressures on foundation walls due to increased weight and
reduced strength of the backlit' .
We recommend the following precautions:
1 ) inundation of the foundation excavations and under slab areas should be avoided during
construction .
2 )
Exterior backfill should be adjusted to near optimum moisture and compacted to at least 95%
of the MPD in pavement and slab areas and behind foundation walls . Foundation wall backfili
should be capped with about 1 to 2 feet of the onsite finer-grained soils , such as the clayey
yy
sand , to reduce surface water infiltration . The ground surface surrounding the exterior of the
building should be sloped to drain away from the foundation in all directions . We recommend a
minimum slope of 8 inches in the first 10 feet in unpaved areas and a minimum slope of 3
inches in the first 10 feet in paved areas _ Where necessary to meet ADA criteria the slopes
may be adjusted . If settlement occurs, additional backfill should be placed to maintain a
positive slope .
2 ) Outside of 10 feet, we recommend a minimum slope of 2 percent in landscaped areas and one
percent in hardscapes away from the building .
3 ) Roof downspouts and drains should discharge well beyond the limits of all backfill .
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT SERVICES
Kumar and Associates should be retained to review the project plans and specifications for
conformance with the recommendations provided in our report . We are also available to assist the
design team in preparing specifications for geotechnical aspects of the project ; and performing
� performing
additional studies if necessary to accommodate possible changes in the proposed construction .
We recommend that Kumar and Associates be retained to provide construction observation and
Kumar j Associates , Inc.
Project No 19-8-226
10848 Weld County Rd 19
July 12 , 2019
Page 6
testing services to document that the intent of this report and the requirements of the plans and
specifications are being followed during construction . This will allow us to identify possible
variations in subsurface conditions from those encountered during this study and to allow us to re,-
evaluate our recommendations , if needed . We will not be responsible for implementation of the
recommendations presented in this report by others ,, if we are not retained to provide construction
observation and testing services .
LIMITATIONS
The conclusions and recommendations submitted in this report are based upon the data obtained
from the exploratory borings at the locations indicated on Figure 2 , and the proposed type of
construction , This report may not reflect subsurface variations that occur between the exploratory
borings , and the nature and extent of variations across the site may not become evident until site
grading and excavations are performed . if during construction , fill , soil , rock or water conditions
appear to be different from those described herein , Kumar and Associates should be advised at
once so that a re-evaluation of the recommendations presented in this report can be made . The
scope of services for this project does not include any environmental assessment of the site or
identification of contaminated or hazardous materials or conditions . If the owner is concerned
about the potential for such contamination , other studies should be undertaken. Kumar and
Associates is not responsible for liability associated with interpretation of subsurface data by
others.
ri ),_
KUMAR lLJr'f
KU AR ASSOCIATES
E
Prepared by Eric Jepperson , El .
Reviewed by
Richard C Hepworth , P . E .
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19e8 Kumar AssociatesLOCATION OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS Fig . 2
... . �.:
BORING 1 BORING 2
0 18/ 12 0 -----
I
• •• 'DDS 1 1 5 I�f WC
5 2
,_ . '• ' + 4= 0 . . DD = 1 15,
I • .
e •
e r
/ 17 / 12 6/ 12
1 C= 14 . 8 WC= 5 . D t
DD = 116 DD = 110 y
—200= 75 + 4 =0
,'- — 20
0= 29
' e
LipJ
i 1 6/ 1 2 . . • ; 20/ 12
10 ▪ • WC= 10. 1 O. 1 VAC= 3 . 5 10 ----i z
._ DD - 1 1 3 DD _ 131
C a ".,. _2GG=31 — C
4 '' e
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15 15 --.
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us
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t - 19 - 8 - 226 Kumar & Associates LOG OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS Fig . 3
3
LEGEND
TOPSOIL.
4.' '. : CLAYEY SAND , MEDIUM DENSE , MEDIUM PLASTICITY , FINE TO MEDIUM GRAINED , MOIST ,
BROWN TO LIGHT BROWN .
CLAY , SANDY VERY STIFF,
MEDIUM PLASTICITY, MOIST, LIGHT BROWN .FY./ SILTY SAND , MEDIUM DENSE , FINE TO MEDIUM GRAINED, MOIST , BROWN TO LIGHT BROWN .
7
C ..AYSTONE , FIRM TO HARD, MEDIUM PLASTICITY . MOIST BROWN TO LIGHT BROWN .
DRIVE SAMPLE, 2- INCH I . D . CALIFORNIA LINER SAMPLE.
18/ 12 DRIVE SAMPLE BLOW COUNT. INDICATES THAT 113.H BLOWS DI " A 140 — POUND HAMMER
FALLING 30 INCHES WERE REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE SAMPLER 12 INCHES .
NOTES
1 . THE EXPLORATORY BORINGS WERE DRILLED ON JUNE 28 , 2019 WITH A 4— INCH — DIAMETER
CONTINUOUS— FLIGHT POWER AUGER.
2 . THE LOCATIONS OF THE EXPLORATORY BORINGS WERE LOCATED BY THE OWNER .
3 . THE ELEVATIONS OF THE EXPLORATORY BORINGS WERE NOT MEASURED AND THE LOGS OF THE
EXPLORATORY BORINGS ARE PLOTTED TO DEPTH .
4. THE EXPLORATORY BORING LOCATIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ACCURATE ONLY TO THE
DEGREE IMPLIED BY THE METHOD USED .
S. THE LINES BETWEEN MATERIALS SHOWN ON THE EXPLORATORY BORING LOGS REPRESENT THE
APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN MATERIAL TYPES AND THE TRANSITIONS MAY BE GRADUAL.
6 . GROUNDWATER WAS NOT ENCOUNTERED IN THE BORINGS AT THE TIME OF DRILLING .
7 . LABORATORY TEST RESULTS:
WC = WATER CONTENT (%) (ASTM D2216);
DD = DRY DENSITY (pcf) (ASTM D2216);
+ 4 = PERCENTAGE RETAINED ON NO . 4 SIEVE (ASTM D6913) ;
-9- 200= PERCENTAGE PASSING NO. 200 SIEVE (ASTM D1140 ) .
0,
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19 ,- 8 - 226 Kumar & Associates . LEGEND AND NOTES Fig .
4
2.0 +, _r- - - - .-_ _.. _•_
, dram: Boating B1 @4
I Sample of: Clay (CL) sandy
1 .0 - - _ I. Moisture Content = 14.8 %
Dry Unit Weight = 116 pcf 1
-2OO=75
%$: 1 1 dir—Tr..... ........ ..,-----.7.,........: --.....nrarerTeT
Li
- ------- -
2 I
i
O
,5 -2.0
03 I I , - . .— a
W I ;
110.
-3.0 - �' No movement on wetting - _ �� � - -it
O I I ,
-4.a
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i
-5. 0 F _. __ _ - ..._.._ _ __.. —_ _ —
i
0 . 1 1 10 100
APPLIED PRESSURE (I F)
1 - UMAR ARENA AT 10848 CR 19
-
ASSOCIATES COMPRESSION TEST RESULTS FIG. S
Fraineit.atiu . - - _
HYDROMETER ANALYSIS SIEVE ANALYSIS
TIME READINGS U.S. STANLMRa snjf3 -- CLEAR iQt1ARE oMS d
gg
24 -IRS 7 MRS
100 M_h • 1S! MIN *9MIN _ MIIN_ _AW.6M - _ I NMI •2.po .4 _ . ...ISO Tr_ _ill f1D a ■ wr i _ /#.._ 1 -fir2 3 1:1! r I?90 - --1 _ .. . _ _ . _ _
- + 1i0
• 1 • • t . -80 _ _ _
w - 20
70 __ 7__________
- —,. i 30
6I0 - 1 -. f . _ - 1
• • 1- : _- " - - 140 0
•
• j _ SD `
-s - 2 1
_ .
_-.. _ _. _ I - - 1 1.. �a . _ I---• - - - 70
T . 7. _ ..,'—i.. --.7" ._ ala
to ` . 1 j _ .
- : 72
-1-- -
.000 .01* .437 •.:-.L1_.-. LI LI i - - III_ __1. -1--1 -T . - - * L .1,-.1 - --- Ic.075 . 150 .300 6 .600 1.18 1 .3* 4.7x3 9.5 19 - } 38'I 7162 12? Zoo.420 I a0
0
DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERS
SAND GRAVEL
CLAY TO SILT - - COBBLES
FINE . MEDIUM COARSE FINE COARSE
GRAVEL 0 X SAND 62 % SILT AND CLAY 38 %
LIQUID LIMIT PLASTICITY INDEX
SAMPLE OF: Clayey Sand (SC)
FROM : Boring 1 0 2 '
- #HYDROMETER ANALYSIS SIEVE ANALYSIS -
T1Ii ItEADika3— u.5. STANDARD SERIES ---
CLEJ6IR sOi9lAS OPENINGS
';24 NR;. 7 iia
1
i�� SIN
19015 M!I9 G0M M f h[Vu►. 4Dl=h P. y ; : - # 1±:.'
6Q
ID
ao
20
70
3D
7
SO
40
s so / .
g
SO
4D ;
64
SQ '
/ . _ ' 70
I
G . . - --- -. • :• -
•- _- - --• • ' -- -- , • - - =.1.- : .•-•---- .. } . - _ -. _-_--j. _ 2Tit-
-- �.�__. _ .77 __ 634
7 - _ - � I
.001 .002 .D03 .009 .016 •037 I . .t7�7S Aso : .3Cio I 1.00(1 11..118 I 2.35 �4.?3 -- N :4- I l .I I r - i i
.425 i 1 a lit '0 ,11 U 75,.; 127r I 200
DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERS
E TERS 132
CLAY TO SILT SAND GRAVEL
FINE MEDIUM I'CCat E E COARSE SE OOeBLES
w _
al
::- GRAVEL G X SAND 71 X SILT AND CLAY 29 %
a
r
r
LIQUID LIMIT PLASTICITY INDEX
r,
These test results apply. only to the
i SAMPLE OF; Silty Sand (SM) FROM. Boring 2 0 41 samples whichwers ;Nfld. The
testing report *hall not be reproducrd,
except In full, without the written
- g' approval of Kumar & Associates, Inc.
w
Slav* cnu yaf3 testing Is performfd In
i tor
^ accofdanee with *SIN D891 AST%I 07928,
y. ASIM 0136 and/ear ASTMS! D1140.
-
fie
�r —I:
. 19 - 8 - 2 Kumar & Associates GRADATION TIJ TEST RESULTS tic .
.._ _ _-
_6666.-:Xr+
Kurnar & Associates , Inc .
TABLE I
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
Project No. : 19-8-226
Project Name : 10848 CR 19
V _a
1
SAMPLE LOCATION tr
GRADATION , ATTERRE LIMITS
NATURAL NATURAL , SWELL WITH , WATER MOISTURE : DRY .
SILT C ► IOW PSF ' SOLUBLE : SOIL OR BEDROCK TYPE
CONTENT DENSITY � � � . .
BORING DEPTH ( D GRAVEL SAND ( %} LIQUID PLASTICITY SURCHARGE SULFATES (Unified Soil Classification)
t�
(ft) t (%) (74 ; LIMIT INDEX (%) �° �
B1 2 7.8 _ ..
115 and ( ) cIcarer
4 - - . es
B1 4 14 ,8 116 75 ' 0 Clay CL
) sandy
R __ �
B1 9 I 10 . 1 113 31
_ Sand (SM) silty
w _.
Sand ( ) silty
4 6 .0 110 29 Sand (SM ) silty
,,,,.�., . - - r
Ind ( M) silty
Hello