HomeMy WebLinkAbout20230741.tiffUSDA United States
Department of
Agriculture
N
ACS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Weld County,
Colorado,
Southern Part
September 7, 2022
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3
Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 8
Soil Map 9
Legend 10
Map Unit Legend 11
Map Unit Descriptions 11
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 13
29 Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 13
46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 14
75 Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 15
Soil Information for All Uses 17
Suitabilities and Limitations for Use 17
Building Site Development 17
Small Commercial Buildings (Small Commercial Buildings) 17
Construction Materials 21
Gravel Source (Gravel Source) 21
Land Classifications 25
Farmland Classification (Farmland Classification) 25
Soil Properties and Qualities 32
Soil Qualities and Features 32
Hydrologic Soil Group (Hydrologic Soil Group) 32
References 37
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
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Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Map Scale: 1:2,810 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters
0
40 80
160
240
Feet
0 100 200 400 600
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
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MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AO!)
Area of Interest (AO1)
Soils
C
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
r,
O
0
v
•m 4
4
404
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
a
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
iair°§1 Aerial Photography
MAP INFORMATION
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA -MRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Aug 31, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 8, 2021 Jun 12,
2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map
Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
29
Julesburg
sandy
percent slopes
loam, 0 to 1
0.2
0.8%
46
Olney
fine sandy
percent slopes
loam,
0 to 1
17.4
91.3%
75
Vona
sandy loam,
percent slopes
0 to 1
1.5
7.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
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Custom Soil Resource Report
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
29 Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3626
Elevation: 4,700 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost -free period: 145 to 155 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60
Map Unit Composition
Julesburg and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Julesburg
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: South platte river alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 12 inches: sandy loam
H2 - 12 to 27 inches: sandy loam
H3 - 27 to 60 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (non irrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: R067BY024CO - Sandy Plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Valent
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
Edgar
Percent of map unit: 4
Hydric soil rating: No
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 4
Hydric soil rating: No
Vona
Percent of map unit: 3
Hydric soil rating: No
percent
percent
percent
46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 362t
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F
Frost -free period: 125 to 175 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60
Map Unit Composition
Olney and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Olney
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 10 to 20 inches: sandy clay loam
H3 - 20 to 25 inches: sandy clay loam
H4 - 25 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: R067BY024CO - Sandy Plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Zigweid
Percent of map unit: 8
Hydric soil rating: No
Vona
Percent of map unit: 7
Hydric soil rating: No
percent
percent
75 Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 363v
Elevation: 4,650 to 4,950 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F
Frost -free period: 130 to 160 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Vona
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium
Typical profile
H? - 0 to 6 inches: sandy loam
H2 - 6 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 28 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 6.00
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: R067BY024CO - Sandy Plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Remmit
Percent of map unit: 11 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Olney
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Soil Information for All Uses
Suitabilities and Limitations for Use
The Suitabilities and Limitations for Use section includes various soil interpretations
displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the
selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by
aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This
aggregation process is defined for each interpretation.
Building Site Development
Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for
evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction
purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its
described condition and does not consider present land use. Example
interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel, shallow excavations,
dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and
streets, and lawns and landscaping.
Small Commercial Buildings (Small Commercial
Buildings)
Small commercial buildings are structures that are less than three stories high and
do not have basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of
reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of
maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The ratings are based on the soil
properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement
and on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties
that affect the load -supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding,
flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink -swell potential), and compressibility
(which is inferred from the Unified classification of the soil). The properties that
affect the ease and amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a water table,
ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a
cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments.
The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to
which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect the specified use.
"Not limited" indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the
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Custom Soil Resource Report
specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected.
"Somewhat limited" indicates that the soil has features that are moderately
favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by
special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate
maintenance can be expected. "Very limited" indicates that the soil has one or more
features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot
be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive
installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected.
Numerical ratings indicate the severity of individual limitations. The ratings are
shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations
between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the
use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).
The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary
by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer
are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is
shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those
that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition
of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better
understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented.
Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The
ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be
viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil
Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to
validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site.
18
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Map Scale: 1:2,810 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters
0
40 80
160
240
Feet
0 100 200 400 600
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
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MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AO!)
Area of Interest (A01)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
Very limited
Somewhat limited
Not limited
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
;t Very limited
Somewhat limited
Not limited
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
Very limited
Somewhat limited
Not limited
Not rated or not available
O
O
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
ifrahticAerial Photography
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Aug 31, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 8, 2021 Jun 12,
2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
20
Custom Soil Resource Report
Tables Small Commercial Buildings (Small Commercial
Buildings)
Map unit
symbol
Map
unit name
Rating
Component
name
(percent)
Rating reasons
(numeric
values)
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
29
Julesburg
loam,
sandy
0 to 1
percent slopes
Not limited
Julesburg (85%)
0.2
0.8%
46
Olney
loam,
fine sandy
0 to
percent slopes
1
Not limited
Olney (85%)
17.4
91.3%
75
Vona
loam,
sandy
0 to
percent
1
slopes
Not limited
Vona (85%)
1.5
7.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
Not limited
19.0
100.0%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating Options Small Commercial Buildings (Small Commercial
Buildings)
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutof• None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Higher
Construction Materials
Construction materials interpretations are tools designed to provide guidance to
users in selecting a site for potential source of various materials. Individual soils or
groups of soils may be selected as a potential source because they are close at
hand, are the only source available, or they meets some or all of the physical or
chemical properties required for the intended application. Example interpretations
include roadfill, sand and gravel, topsoil and reclamation material.
Gravel Source (Gravel Source)
Gravel consists of natural aggregates (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter) suitable for
commercial use with a minimum of processing. It is used in many kinds of
construction. Specifications for each use vary widely. Only the probability of finding
material in suitable quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific
purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect excavation of the material.
21
Custom Soil Resource Report
The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of gravel are gradation of grain
sizes (as indicated by the Unified classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable
material, and the content of rock fragments. If the bottom layer of the soil contains
gravel, the soil is considered a likely source regardless of thickness. The
assumption is that the gravel layer below the depth of observation exceeds the
minimum thickness. The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface to a depth of
about 6 feet. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as shale and siltstone, are not
considered to be gravel.
The soils are rated "good," "fair," or "poor" as potential sources of gravel. A rating of
"good" or "fair" means that the source material is likely to be in or below the soil.
The bottom layer and the thickest layer of the soils are assigned numerical ratings.
These ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a source of gravel. The number
0.00 indicates that the layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 indicates that the
layer is a good source. A number between 0.00 and 1.00 indicates the degree to
which the layer is a likely source.
The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary
by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer
are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is
shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those
that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition
of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better
understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented.
Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The
ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be
viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil
Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to
validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site.
22
40° 19' 25" N
4
4
C
ti
4
40° 19'T'N
104° 43' 59" W
522680
104° 43' 59" W
522750
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Gravel Source (Gravel Source)
522820
Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
522680
522750
522820
522890
522960
5230,30
523100
Map Scale: 1:2,810 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
0
40
80
522890
160
522960
Meters
240
Feet
0 100 200 400 600
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
23
523030
0
1-
523100
40° 19' 25" N
4
104° 43' 40" w'
co
40° 19' 7' N
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AO!)
Area of Interest (A01)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
Poor
Fair
Good
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
3113 Poor
Fair
Good
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
.� Poor
O
O
Fair
Good
Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
ifrahticAerial Photography
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Aug 31, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 8, 2021 Jun 12,
2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
24
Custom Soil Resource Report
Tables Gravel Source (Gravel Source)
Map unit
Map
unit name
Rating
Component
Rating reasons
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
symbol
name (percent)
(numeric
values)
29
Julesburg sandy
Poor
Julesburg (85%)
Bottom layer
0.2
0.8%
loam, 0 to 1
percent slopes
(0.00)
Thickest
layer
(0.00)
46
Olney fine sandy
Poor
Olney (85%)
Bottom layer
17.4
91.3%
loam, 0 to 1
percent slopes
(0.00)
Thickest layer
(0.00)
75
Vona sandy
Poor
Vona (85%)
Bottom layer
1.5
7.9%
loam, 0 to
percent slopes
1
(0.00)
Thickest
layer
(0.00)
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
Poor
19.0
100.0%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating Options Gravel Source (Gravel Source)
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Lower
Land Classifications
Land Classifications are specified land use and management groupings that are
assigned to soil areas because combinations of soil have similar behavior for
specified practices. Most are based on soil properties and other factors that directly
influence the specific use of the soil. Example classifications include ecological site
classification, farmland classification, irrigated and nonirrigated land capability
classification, and hydric rating.
Farmland Classification (Farmland Classification)
Farmland classification identifies map units as prime farmland, farmland of
statewide importance, farmland of local importance, or unique farmland. It identifies
the location and extent of the soils that are best suited to food, feed, fiber, forage,
25
Custom Soil Resource Report
and oilseed crops. NRCS policy and procedures on prime and unique farmlands are
published in the "Federal Register," Vol. 43, No. 21, January 31, 1978.
26
40° 19' 25" N
4
4
C
N-
4
40° 19'T'N
104° 43' 59" W
522680
522750
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Farmland Classification (Farmland Classification)
522820
T
`o
A
SF
/4
Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
522680
104° 43' 59" W
522890
522960
522750
522820
522890
522960
5230,30
523100
Map Scale: 1:2,810 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters
0
40 80
160
240
Feet
0 100 200 400 600
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
27
523030
0
523100
40° 19' 25" N
4
104° 43' 40" w'
co
40° 19' 7' N
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AO!)
Area of Interest (AO1)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
Not prime farmland
All areas are prime
farmland
Prime farmland if drained
Prime farmland if
protected from flooding or
not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Prime farmland if irrigated
Prime farmland if drained
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Prime farmland if irrigated
and drained
Prime farmland if irrigated
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Prime farmland if
subsoiled, completely
removing the root
inhibiting soil layer
Prime farmland if irrigated
and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not exceed
60
Prime farmland if irrigated
and reclaimed of excess
salts and sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if protected
from flooding or not
frequently flooded during
the growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained and
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if subsoiled,
completely removing the
root inhibiting soil layer
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not exceed
60
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and reclaimed of excess
salts and sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained or
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough, and either
drained or either
protected from flooding or
not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough
Farmland of statewide
importance, if thawed
Farmland of local
importance
Farmland of local
importance, if irrigated
Farmland of unique
importance
Not rated or not
available
Soil Rating Lines
Not prime farmland
All areas are prime
farmland
Prime farmland if
drained
Prime farmland if
protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Prime farmland if
irrigated
4 Prime farmland if
drained and either
protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Prime farmland if
irrigated and drained
{ Prime farmland if
irrigated and either
protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
28
Custom Soil Resource Report
Prime farmland if
subsoiled, completely
removing the root
inhibiting soil layer
se 0 Prime farmland if irrigated
and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not exceed
60
Prime farmland if irrigated
and reclaimed of excess
salts and sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance
or _se Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if protected
from flooding or not
frequently flooded during
the growing season
LIE Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained and
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if subsoiled,
completely removing the
root inhibiting soil layer
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not exceed
60
„p*
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and reclaimed of excess
salts and sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained or
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough, and either
drained or either
protected from flooding or
not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough
i Farmland of statewide
importance, if thawed
Farmland of local
importance
Farmland of local
importance, if irrigated
i g Farmland of unique
importance
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
a
0
X
C
Not prime farmland
All areas are prime
farmland
Prime farmland if drained
Prime farmland if
protected from flooding or
not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Prime farmland if irrigated
Prime farmland if drained
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Prime farmland if irrigated
and drained
Prime farmland if irrigated
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
0
0
0
0
0
a
Prime farmland if
subsoiled, completely
removing the root
inhibiting soil layer
Prime farmland if
irrigated and the product
of I (soil erodibility) x C
(climate factor) does not
exceed 60
Prime farmland if
irrigated and reclaimed
of excess salts and
sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if protected
from flooding or not
frequently flooded during
the growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
29
Custom Soil Resource Report
0
•
0
0
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained and
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and drained
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if subsoiled,
completely removing the
root inhibiting soil layer
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and the product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not exceed
60
a
0
a
0
n
Farmland of statewide
importance, if irrigated
and reclaimed of excess
salts and sodium
Farmland of statewide
importance, if drained or
either protected from
flooding or not frequently
flooded during the
growing season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough, and either
drained or either
protected from flooding or
not frequently flooded
during the growing
season
Farmland of statewide
importance, if warm
enough
Farmland of statewide
importance, if thawed
Farmland of local
importance
Farmland of local
importance, if irrigated
0 Farmland of unique
importance
Not rated or not available
a
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Background
=*
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data
as of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Aug 31, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 8, 2021 Jun
12, 2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
30
Custom Soil Resource Report
Table Farmland Classification (Farmland Classification)
Map
unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
29
Julesburg
to 1
sandy loam,
percent slopes
0
Prime
farmland if
irrigated and the
product of I (soil
erodibility) x C (climate
factor) does not
exceed 60
0.2
0.8%
46
Olney
to 1
fine
sandy
percent slopes
loam,
0
Prime
farmland
irrigated
product
erodibility)
factor)
exceed
does
of
60
and
I (soil
x
if
the
C
not
(climate
17.4
91.3%
75
Vona
sandy
percent slopes
loam, 0 to 1
Farmland
importance
of statewide
1.5
7.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating Options —Farmland Classification (Farmland
Classification)
Aggregation Method: No Aggregation Necessary
Tie -break Rule: Lower
31
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Properties and Qualities
The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and
qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in
the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated
by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This
aggregation process is defined for each property or quality.
Soil Qualities and Features
Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly
measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil
properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil
features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features
include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the
use and management of the soil.
Hydrologic Soil Group (Hydrologic Soil Group)
Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are
assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the
soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation
from long -duration storms.
The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and
three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These
consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained
soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils
have a moderate rate of water transmission.
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or
soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink -swell
potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at
32
Custom Soil Resource Report
or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.
These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.
If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, BID, or C/D), the first letter is
for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their
natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes.
33
40° 19' 25" N
4
4
C
ti
4
40° 19'T'N
104° 43' 59" W
522680
522750
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Hydrologic Soil Group (Hydrologic Soil Group)
.J
522820
T
`o
A
SF
/4
Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
522680
104° 43' 59" W
522890
• r
522960
522750
522820
522890
522960
523030
Map Scale: 1:2,810 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Meters
0
40 80
160
240
Feet
0 100 200 400 600
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
34
523030
0
523100
40° 19' 25" N
4
4
523100
104° 43' 40" w'
co
40° 19' 7' N
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AO!)
Area of Interest (A01)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
lernet
kat-
A
A/D
B
B/D
r C
kator
fl
D
MAP INFORMATION
C The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
,° Aerial Photography
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
C/D of the version date(s) listed below.
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
D
D
A
A/D
B
B/D
Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Aug 31, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 8, 2021 Jun 12,
2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
35
Custom Soil Resource Report
Table Hydrologic Soil Group (Hydrologic Soil Group)
Map
unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
29
Julesburg
to 1
sandy loam,
percent slopes
0
A
0.2
0.8%
46
Olney
to 1
fine
sandy
percent slopes
loam,
0
B
17.4
91.3%
75
Vona
sandy
percent slopes
loam, 0 to 1
A
1.5
7.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
19.0
100.0%
Rating Options —Hydrologic Soil Group (Hydrologic Soil Group)
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Higher
36
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
N ational Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
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