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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20231581.tiffPlanner: Case Number: Property Owners: Consultant Address: Request: Legal Description: Location: Size of Parcel: LAND USE APPLICATION SUMMARY Kim Ogle USR23-0004 SSJ Farms, LLC c/o Shannon Kemp 11705 Montgomery Circle, Longmont, CO 80504 Hearing Date: March 7, 2023 Layne Libal LandOne Engineering, 361 71st Avenue, Suite 100, Greeley, CO 80634 13676 County Road 3, Longmont, CO A Site Specific Development Plan and Use by Special Review Permit for Doggy Daycare and Boarding Kennel for up to forty-five (45) dogs in subdivisions in the A (Agricultural) Zone District Lot 3, Lake Meadows Subdivision, being a part of the W2NW4 Section 29, Township 3 North, Range 68 West of the 6th P.M., Weld County Colorado East of and adjacent to County Road 3 approximately 1750 -feet south of Highway 66 ± 8.72 acres Parcel No. 1207-29-0-01-001 The criteria for review of this Special Review Permit is listed in Section 23-2-220 of the Weld County Code. The Department of Planning Services' staff has received referral responses with comments from the following agencies: ➢ Weld County Department of Planning Services - Building Inspection, referral dated January 17, 2023 ➢ Weld County Department of Planning Services — Development Review, referral dated January 20, 2023 ➢ Mountain View Fire Rescue, referral dated January 24, 2023 ➢ Weld County Department of Public Health and Environment, referral dated January 30, 2023 The Department of Planning Services' staff has received referral responses without comments from the following agencies: ➢ Weld County Department of Planning Services - Code Compliance, referral dated January 15, 2023 ➢ Weld County Sherriff's Office, referral dated January 17, 2023 ➢ Longs Peak Water District, referral dated January 17, 2023 ➢ Town of Firestone, referral dated January 18, 2023 ➢ Weld County Oil & Gas Energy Department referral dated January 19, 2023 ➢ State of Colorado Department of Agriculture (PACFA), referral dated January 23, 2023 ➢ Boulder County, referral dated January 23, 2023 ➢ State of Colorado Department of Transportation, referral dated February 13, 2023 The Department of Planning Services' staff has not received responses from the following agencies: ➢ Town of Mead ➢ City of Longmont ➢ Colorado Parks and Wildlife ➢ Platte River Power Authority ➢ Longmont Conservation District SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 1 Case Summary: The applicant and property owner seeks to permit Mel's Dog House, a doggy daycare and kennel located at 13676 County Road 3, Longmont within the Lake Meadows subdivision for up to forty-five (45) dogs with the possibility of expansion in the future. The proposed business would have operating hours of Monday - Friday 7:00AM-6:00PM for the doggy daycare component and boarding hours of 24/7 with pick-up and drops offs scheduled for Saturday -Sunday 10:00AM-4:00PM. The business manager, Melissa, has over 20 years of experience working in kennel operations in the state of Colorado. Melissa has always loved working with dogs because they show us the importance of friendship, love, and loyalty. The applicant/investor, Shannon Kemp seeks to permit the facility at the residence located on an 8.8 -acre parcel within a platted subdivision. The proposed business will offer daycare for dogs and boarding options for dogs needing care while their owners are out of town. The goal of the business would be offer the community affordable and safe care for their dogs for the day or for extended periods of time. All dogs in Mel's Dog House will be supervised and cared for by trained and compassionate staff in accordance with PACFA (Pet Animal Care Facilities Act) Rules and Regulations. Existing site improvements include the residence, a shop building and a barn that is proposed to be converted into the dog kennel area. The kennel building would also include an office space, a restroom, and a commercial dishwashing area to allow staff to easily maintain cleaning and sanitization of food dishes and water bowls for the animals in their care. The proposed indoor kennel structure will have wall mounted LED luminaires with low BUG rating. The site lighting will be pedestrian scale for safety and to minimize impact to adjacent properties. There are 3 guest parking spaces being proposed, with one of those three spots being reserved for non -ambulatory guests. The property also has spacious dog run that is enclosed with woven wire fence material held in place with wooden posts that allows the dogs at Mel's Dog House to play and roam safely. No new fencing is being proposed. A noise study was conducted that demonstrated minimal noise disturbance due to dogs playing in the enclosed area. Access to Mel's Dog House is off of Highway 66 onto County Road 3, a gravel road and onto the property. DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES STAFF RECOMMENDS THAT THIS REQUEST BE APPROVED BASED ON THE FOLLOWING APPROVAL CRITERIA: 1. The submitted materials are in compliance with the application requirements of Section 23-2-260 of the Weld County Code. 2. It is the opinion of the Department of Planning Services' staff that the applicant has shown compliance with Section 23-2-220 of the Weld County Code as follows: A. Section 23-2-220.A.1 -- The proposed use is consistent with Chapter 22 and any other applicable code provisions or ordinance in effect. Section 22-2-10.B. states: "Respecting Private Property Rights. One of the basic principles upon which the United States was founded is the right of citizens to own and utilize property so long as that use complies with local regulations and does not interfere with or infringe upon the rights of others." The request to utilize the residential platted parcel located on non -agriculturally productive land for a doggy daycare and kennel, as well as on -going residential use, is in line with this section of the Comprehensive Plan. The property owner's business will comply with local regulations and does not appear to interfere with or infringe upon the rights of others. B. Section 23-2-220.A.2 -- The proposed use is consistent with the intent of the A (Agricultural) Zone District. SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 2 Section 22-3-10. states, "Agriculture in the County is considered a valuable resource which must be protected from adverse impacts resulting from uncontrolled and undirected business, industrial and residential land uses. The A (Agricultural) Zone District is established to maintain and promote agriculture as an essential feature of the county. The A (Agricultural) Zone District is intended to provide areas for the conduct of agricultural activities and activities related to agriculture and agricultural production, and for areas for natural resource extraction and energy development, without the interference of other, incompatible land uses. This code section in essence supports the proposed USR application, as the proposed operation is controlled and does not interfere with agricultural activities or other use by right activities. Weld County Code Section 23-3-40.N allows for kenneling, dog school and supporting activities for more than four (4) dogs with approval of a Special Use Permit. C. Section 23-2-220.A.3 -- The uses which will be permitted will be compatible with the existing surrounding land uses. The surrounding land uses of the site include rural residential properties on platted lots and recorded exemption lots and tracts of irrigated agricultural lands. The proposed use of the site will be to maintain the current residential use and add the additional use of doggy daycare and overnight kennel. The manager and part owner of the business will live on the property, as it is their home. Notices were sent out to community members by US Mail to properties with residential structures within 500 -feet of the property introducing the proposed doggie daycare and kennel boarding facility prior to submitted the application in early January 2023. Weld County Department of Planning Services staff sent notice to nine (9) surrounding property owners within 500 feet of the proposed USR boundary. Two telephone calls and two letters in opposition to the proposed facility were received written correspondence or telephone calls were received through April 24, 2023 The proposed use is in an area that can support this development and the proposed screening, Development Standards, and Conditions of Approval will assist in mitigating the impacts of the facility on adjacent properties and ensure compatibility with surrounding land uses and region. D. Section 23-2-220.A.4 -- The uses which will be permitted will be compatible with future development of the surrounding area as permitted by the existing zoning and with the future development as projected by Chapter 22 of the Weld County Code and any other applicable code provisions or ordinances in effect, or the adopted Master Plans of affected municipalities. The site is located within the three (3) mile referral and Coordinated Planning Agreement Area or an Intergovernmental Agreement Area for the City of Longmont and Towns of Firestone and Mead. The Town of Firestone in the NOI dated November 8, 2022 indicated they did not want to pursue annexation of the property and the Town of Mead in the NOI dated November 7, 2022 indicted that the site is located outside of the Mead Area of Influence and within the Longmont Planning Area. The City of Longmont in their NOI dated November 9, 2022 indicated they did not want to pursue annexation of the property. The site is also within three (3) miles of Boulder County. The Town of Firestone in their referral dated January 18, 2023 indicated no conflicts with their interests. Boulder County in their referral dated January 23, 2023 indicated no concerns. The Town of Mead and City of Longmont did not return a referral response. The site is located outside of the Urban Growth Boundary as delineated on the Town of Firestone Future Master Plan Map dated 2014. The site is also located outside of the Town of Mead's March 2018 Future Land Use Map and Mead Planning Influence Area. The City of Longmont Future SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 3 Land Use and Transportation System Map delineates this area as outside of the Municipal Service Area per the Envision Longmont Comprehensive Plan dated June 2016. E. Section 23-2-220.A.5 -- The application complies with Chapter 23, Articles V and XI, of the Weld County Code. The property is not within the Airport Overlay District, 1-25 Overlay District, Geologic Hazard Overlay District, MS4 - Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System area, Historic Townsites Overlay District, or Agricultural Heritage Overlay District. Building Permits issued on the property will be required to adhere to the fee structure of the County -Wide Road Impact Fee Program, County Facility Fee, and Drainage Impact Fee Programs. F. Section 23-2-220.A.6 -- The applicant has demonstrated a diligent effort to conserve prime agricultural land in the locational decision for the proposed use. The proposal is located on a 8.72 acre platted subdivision lot therefore no prime agricultural land is affected by this proposal. G. Section 23-2-220.A.7 — There is adequate provisions for the protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the inhabitants of the neighborhood and County. The Design Standards (Section 23-2-240, Weld County Code), Operation Standards (Section 23- 2-250, Weld County Code), Conditions of Approval and Development Standards can ensure that there are adequate provisions for the protection of health, safety, and welfare of the inhabitants of the neighborhood and County. This recommendation is based, in part, upon a review of the application materials submitted by the applicant, other relevant information regarding the request, and responses from referral entities. The Department of Planning Services' staff recommendation for approval is conditional upon the following: 1. Prior to recording the map: A. The applicant shall acknowledge the requirements of Mountain View Fire Rescue referral dated January 24, 2023. Written evidence of such shall be submitted, in writing, to the Weld County Department of Planning Services. (Department of Planning Services) B. A Fencing plan to address the outdoor areas for the dogs with a timeline for construction/ installation shall be submitted to and accepted by the Department of Planning Services. (Department of Planning Services) C. The applicant shall address the requirements the Department of Planning Services — Building Inspection, as stated in the referral response dated January 17, 2023. Evidence of such shall be submitted in writing to the Weld County Department of Planning Services. (Department of Planning Services — Building Inspection) D. A Road Maintenance Agreement is required at this location. Road maintenance includes, but is not limited to, dust control and damage repair to specified travel routes. (Development Review) E. The map shall be amended to delineate the following: 1. All sheets of the map shall be labeled USR23-0004 (Department of Planning Services) 2. The attached Development Standards. (Department of Planning Services) SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 4 3. The map shall be prepared in accordance with Section 23-2-260.D of the Weld County Code. (Department of Planning Services) 4. The applicant shall delineate on the map the trash collection areas. Section 23-2-240.A.13 of the Weld County Code addresses the issue of trash collection areas. (Department of Planning Services) 5. The map shall delineate the landscaping in accordance with the approved Landscape Plan. (Department of Planning Services) 6. The map shall delineate the onsite lighting for the kennel area. (Department of Planning Services) 7. All signs shall be shown on the map and shall adhere to Chapter 23, Article IV, Division 2 of the Weld County Code. (Department of Planning Services) 8. The map shall delineate the parking area for the vendors, customers and/or employees. (Department of Planning Services) 9. County Road 3 is a gravel road and is designated on the Weld County Functional Classification Map as a local road which requires 60 feet of right-of-way at full buildout. The applicant shall delineate and label on the site map or plat the future and existing right-of-way (along with the documents creating the existing right-of-way) and the physical location of the road. All setbacks shall be measured from the edge of right-of-way. This road is maintained by Weld County. (Development Review) 10. Show and label the proposed access, approved access width and the appropriate turning radii on the site plan. The applicant must obtain an access permit in the approved location. (Development Review) 11. Show and label the approved tracking control on the site plan. (Development Review) 12. Show and label the drainage flow arrows. (Development Review) 13. Show and label the parking and traffic circulation flow arrows showing how the traffic moves around the property. (Development Review) 2. Prior to Operation: A. The facility manager shall provide evidence of a current Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA) license. (Department of Planning Services) B. An On -Site Wastewater Treatment system is required for the kennel structure and shall be installed according to the Weld County On -Site Wastewater Treatment System (OWTS) Regulations. (Department of Public Health and Environment) C. The existing barn was built without permits. In order to use the building for commercial purposes it will need to be brought into compliance with Weld Counties adopted building codes. In addition to the listed items on the commercial building permit, the building and foundation will need to be assessed by a Colorado licensed structural engineer. (Department of Planning Services — Building Inspection) D. The kennel building shall have a Certificate of Occupancy. (Department of Planning Services — Building Inspection) SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 5 3. Upon completion of Condition of Approval #1 above, the applicant shall submit one (1) electronic copy (.pdf) of the map for preliminary approval to the Weld County Department of Planning Services. Upon approval of the map the applicant shall submit a Mylar map along with all other documentation required as Conditions of Approval. The Mylar map shall be recorded in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder by the Department of Planning Services. The map shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 23-2-260.D of the Weld County Code. The Mylar map and additional requirements shall be submitted within one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of the Board of County Commissioners Resolution. The applicant shall be responsible for paying the recording fee. (Department of Planning Services) 4. In accordance with Appendix 5-J of the Weld County Code, should the map not be recorded within the specified timeline from the date of the Board of County Commissioners Resolution, a $50.00 recording continuance fee shall be added for each additional 3 -month period. (Department of Planning Services) 5. The Use by Special Review Permit is not perfected until the Conditions of Approval are completed and the map is recorded. Activity shall not occur, nor shall any building or electrical permits be issued on the property, until the Use by Special Review plat is ready to be recorded in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder or the applicant has been approved for an early release agreement (Department of Planning Services) SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 6 SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 1. Site Specific Development Plan and Use by Special Review Permit, USR23-0004, for Doggy Daycare and Boarding Kennel for up to forty-five (45) dogs in subdivisions in the A (Agricultural) Zone District, subject to the Development Standards stated hereon. (Department of Planning Services) 2. Approval of this plan may create a vested property right pursuant to Section 23-8-10 of the Weld County Code. (Department of Planning Services) 3. USR23-0004 for a for Doggy Daycare and Boarding Kennel for up to forty-five (45) dogs is non- transferrable and the permit shall expire upon conveyance of the property to a new owner. (Department of Planning Services) 4. The hours of operation for the boarding kennel are 24 hours/day. All boarded animals shall be kept indoors between 7:00 PM and 7:00 AM (Department of Planning Services) 5. The hours of operation for the office are 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM daily, as stated in the application materials. (Department of Planning Services) 6. The hours of operation for the scheduled pick-up and drops offs are Saturday -Sunday 10:00 AM -4:00 PM., as stated in the application materials. (Department of Planning Services) 7. The number of full-time employees shall be up to four (4), in addition to the property owners. (Department of Planning Services) 8. The parking area on the site shall be maintained. (Department of Planning Services) 9. All signs shall adhere to Chapter 23, Article IV, Division 2 of the Weld County Code. (Department of Planning Services) 10. The existing landscaping and proposed fencing on the site shall be maintained. (Department of Planning Services) 11. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for controlling noxious weeds on the site, pursuant to Chapter 15, Article I and II, of the Weld County Code. (Development Review) 12. The access to the site shall be maintained to mitigate any impacts to the public road, including damages and/or off -site tracking. (Development Review) 13. There shall be no parking or staging of vehicles on public roads. On -site parking shall be utilized. (Development Review) 14. The Property Owner shall comply with all requirements provided in the executed Road Maintenance Agreement. (Development Review) 15. The Road Maintenance Agreement for this site may be reviewed on an annual basis, including a site visit and possible updates. (Development Review) 16. The historical flow patterns and runoff amounts on the site will be maintained. (Development Review) SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 7 17. All liquid and solid wastes (as defined in the Solid Wastes Disposal Sitesand Facilities Act, 30-20-100.5, C.R.S.) shall be stored and removed for final disposal in a manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 18. No permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. This is not meant to include those wastes specifically excluded from the definitionof a solid waste in the Solid Wastes Disposal Sites and Facilities Act, 30-20-100.5, C.R.S. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 19. Waste materials shall be handled, stored, and disposed in a manner thatcontrols fugitive dust, fugitive particulate emissions, blowing debris, and other potential nuisance conditions. The applicant shall operate in accordance with Chapter 14, Article 1 of the Weld County Code. The accepted waste handling plan shall be adhered to. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 20. Fugitive dust should attempt to be confined on the property. Uses on theproperty should comply with the Colorado Air Quality Commission's air quality regulations. The accepted dust abatement plan shall be adhered to. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 21. The facility shall adhere to the maximum permissible noise levels allowedin the Residential Zone as delineated in 25-12-103 C.R.S. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 22. The applicant shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations of theColorado Department of Agriculture (CDA), Division of Animal Industry. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 23. Animal and feed wastes, bedding, debris, and other organic wastes shall be disposed of so that vermin infestation, odors, disease hazards,and nuisances are minimized. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 24. A permanent, adequate water supply shall be provided for drinking and sanitary purposes as applicable. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 25. Any On -site Wastewater Treatment System located on the property mustcomply with all provisions of the Weld County Code, pertaining to On-siteWastewater Treatment Systems. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 26. Any washing areas shall capture all effluent and prevent discharges in accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Water Quality Control Commission, and the Environmental Protection Agency. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 27. The operation shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations of State and Federal agencies and the Weld County Code. (Department of Public Health and Environment) 28. Sources of light shall be shielded so that light rays will not shine directly onto adjacent properties where such would cause a nuisance or interfere with the use on the adjacent properties in accordance with the plan. Neither the direct, nor reflected, light from any light source may create a traffic hazard to operators of motor vehicles on public or private streets. No colored lights may be used which may be confused with, or construed as, traffic control devices. (Department of Planning Services) SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 8 29. Building permits may be required, for any new construction, set up of manufactured structures, or change of use of existing buildings per Section 29-3-10 of the Weld County Code. Buildings and structures shall conform to the requirements of the various codes adopted at the time of permit application. Currently the following has been adopted by Weld County: 2018 International Building Codes, 2018 International Energy Code, 2020 National Electrical Code, and Chapter 29 of the Weld County Code. A Building Permit Application must be completed and two (2) complete sets of engineered plans bearing the wet stamp of a Colorado registered architect or engineer must be submitted for review. A Geotechnical Engineering Report, performed by a Colorado registered engineer, shall be required or an Open Hole Inspection. A building permit must be issued prior to the start of construction. (Department of Building Inspection) 30. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Design and Operation Standards of Chapter 23 of the Weld County Code. 31. Necessary personnel from the Weld County Departments of Planning Services, Public Works, and Public Health and Environment shall be granted access onto the property at any reasonable time in order to ensure the activities carried out on the property comply with the Conditions of Approval and Development Standards stated herein and all applicable Weld County regulations. 32. The Use by Special Review area shall be limited to the plans shown hereon and governed by the foregoing standards and all applicable Weld County regulations. Substantial changes from the plans or Development Standards, as shown or stated, shall require the approval of an amendment of the Permit by the Weld County Board of County Commissioners before such changes from the plans or Development Standards are permitted. Any other changes shall be filed in the office of the Department of Planning Services. 33. USR23-0004 for a for Doggy Daycare and Boarding Kennel for up to forty-five (45) dogs in subdivisions in the A (Agricultural) Zone District is non-transferrable and the permit shall expire upon conveyance of the property to a new owner. 34. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with all of the foregoing Development Standards. Noncompliance with any of the foregoing Development Standards may be reason for revocation of the Permit by the Board of County Commissioners. 35. Construction or use pursuant to approval of a Use by Special Review Permit shall be commenced within three (3) years from the date of approval, unless otherwise specified by the Board of County Commissioners when issuing the original Permit, or the Permit shall be vacated. The Director of Planning Services may grant an extension of time, for good cause shown, upon a written request by the landowner. 36. This Use by Special Review shall terminate when the use is discontinued for a period of three (3) consecutive years, the use of the land changes or the time period established by the Board of County Commissioners through the approval process expires. The landowner may notify the Department of Planning Services of a termination of the use, or Planning Services staff may observe that the use has been terminated. When either the Department of Planning Services is notified by the landowner, or when the Department of Planning Services observes that the use may have been terminated, the Planner shall send certified written notice to the landowner asking that the landowner request to vacate the Use by Special Review Permit. 37. RIGHT TO EXTRACT MINERAL RESOURCES STATEMENT: Weld County has some of the most abundant mineral resources, including, but not limited to, sand and gravel, oil, natural gas, and coal. Under title 34 of the Colorado Revised Statutes, minerals are vital resources because (a) the state's commercial mineral deposits are essential to the state's economy; (b) the populous counties of the state face a critical shortage of such deposits; and (c) such deposits should be extracted according to a rational plan, calculated to avoid waste of such deposits and cause the least practicable disruption of the ecology and quality of life of the citizens of the populous counties of the state. SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 9 Mineral resource locations are widespread throughout the County and persons moving into these areas must recognize the various impacts associated with this development. Often times, mineral resource sites are fixed to their geographical and geophysical locations. Moreover, these resources are protected property rights and mineral owners should be afforded the opportunity to extract the mineral resource. 38. WELD COUNTY'S RIGHT TO FARM STATEMENT: Weld County is one of the most productive agricultural counties in the United States, typically ranking in the top ten counties in the country in total market value of agricultural products sold. The rural areas of Weld County may be open and spacious, but they are intensively used for agriculture. Persons moving into a rural area must recognize and accept there are drawbacks, including conflicts with long-standing agricultural practices and a lower level of services than in town. Along with the drawbacks come the incentives which attract urban dwellers to relocate to rural areas: open views, spaciousness, wildlife, lack of city noise and congestion, and the rural atmosphere and way of life. Without neighboring farms, those features which attract urban dwellers to rural Weld County would quickly be gone forever. Agricultural users of the land should not be expected to change their long-established agricultural practices to accommodate the intrusions of urban users into a rural area. Well -run agricultural activities will generate off -site impacts, including noise from tractors and equipment; slow -moving farm vehicles on rural roads; dust from animal pens, field work, harvest and gravel roads; odor from animal confinement, silage and manure; smoke from ditch burning; flies and mosquitoes; hunting and trapping activities; shooting sports, legal hazing of nuisance wildlife; and the use of pesticides and fertilizers in the fields, including the use of aerial spraying. It is common practice for agricultural producers to utilize an accumulation of agricultural machinery and supplies to assist in their agricultural operations. A concentration of miscellaneous agricultural materials often produces a visual disparity between rural and urban areas of the County. Section 35-3.5-102, C.R.S., provides that an agricultural operation shall not be found to be a public or private nuisance if the agricultural operation alleged to be a nuisance employs methods or practices that are commonly or reasonably associated with agricultural production. Water has been, and continues to be, the lifeline for the agricultural community. It is unrealistic to assume that ditches and reservoirs may simply be moved "out of the way" of residential development. When moving to the County, property owners and residents must realize they cannot take water from irrigation ditches, lakes, or other structures, unless they have an adjudicated right to the water. Weld County covers a land area of approximately four thousand (4,000) square miles in size (twice the size of the State of Delaware) with more than three thousand seven hundred (3,700) miles of state and county roads outside of municipalities. The sheer magnitude of the area to be served stretches available resources. Law enforcement is based on responses to complaints more than on patrols of the County, and the distances which must be traveled may delay all emergency responses, including law enforcement, ambulance, and fire. Fire protection is usually provided by volunteers who must leave their jobs and families to respond to emergencies. County gravel roads, no matter how often they are bladed, will not provide the same kind of surface expected from a paved road. Snow removal priorities mean that roads from subdivisions to arterials may not be cleared for several days after a major snowstorm. Services in rural areas, in many cases, will not be equivalent to municipal services. Rural dwellers must, by necessity, be more self-sufficient than urban dwellers. People are exposed to different hazards in the County than in an urban or suburban setting. Farm equipment and oil field equipment, ponds and irrigation ditches, electrical power for pumps and center pivot operations, high speed traffic, sandburs, puncture vines, territorial farm dogs and livestock, and open burning present real threats. Controlling children's activities is important, not only for their safety, but also for the protection of the farmer's livelihood. SSJ Farms, LLC I Mel's Dog House USR23-0004 Page 10 Hello