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Home My WebLink About20233527.tiff USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW ( USR) APPLICATION FOR PLANNING DEPARTMENT USE : DATE RECEIVED : AMOUNT $ CASE # ASSIGNED : APPLICATION RECEIVED BY PLANNER ASSIGNED : PROPERTY INFORMATION Is the property currently in violation ? 1�/ No / joYes Violation Case Number : Parcel Number: 0 8 0 3 - 3 4 - 2 - 0 0 - 0 0 6 Site Address : NEAR 21308 COUNTY ROAD 64 , GREELEY , CO 80631 Legal Description : PT E2NW4 AND PT W2E2SW4 34-6-65 Section : 34 , Township 6 N , Range 65 W Zoning District : A Acreage : 112 . 8143 Within subdivision or townsite? ta No / ' Yes Name : Water (well permit # or water district tap #) : NA Sewer ( On-site wastewater treatment system permit # or sewer account #) : NA Floodplain �I No I Yes Geological Hazard ra No / Eyes Airport Overlay II No / 52 es PROJECT U SR Use being applied for: Solar Facilities N ame of proposed business : CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead P ROPERTY OWNER( S ) (Attach additional sheets if necessary. ) N ame : Company : CBEP Land 2 , LLC Phone #: 970 . 425 . 3175 Email : Street Address : 4845 PEARL EAST CIR STE 118 #53242 City/State/Zip Code : Boulder, CO 80301 APPLICANT/AUTHORIZED AGENT (Authorization Form must be included if there is an Authorized Agent) N ame : Zach Brammer Company : CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead Phone #: 970 . 425 . 3175 Email : zach@cloudbreakenergy . com Street Address : PO Box 1255 City/State/Zip Code : Sterling , CO 80751 I (We) hereby depose and state under penalties of perjury that all statements , proposals , and/or plans submitted with or contained within the application are true and correct to the best of my (our) knowledge . All fee owners of the property must sign this application . If an Authorized Agent signs , an Authorization Form signed by all fee owners must be included with the application . if the fee owner is a corporation ; evidence must be included indicating the signatory has the legal authority to sign for the corporation . ).3 ftIbnaturC Date Si nature Date 9 Print Print 07/22 9 DEPARTMENTS OF PLANNING u __71' BUILDING , DEVELOPMENT REVIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH `� r 1402 NORTH 17TH AVENUE '/ PO BOX 758 GREELEY CO 80632 AUTHORIZATION FORM I , (We ) , CBEP Land 2 . LLC , give permission to CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead ( Owner - please print) (Authorized Agent/Applicant-please print) to apply for any Planning , Building , Access, Grading or OWTS permits on our behalf for the property located at (address or parcel number) below: Parcel #080334200006 Legal Description : PT E2NW4 AND PT W2E2SW4 34-6-65 of Section 34 , Township 6 N , Range 65 W Subdivision Name : NA Lot NA Block NA Property Owners Information : Address : 4845 PEARL EAST CIR STE 118 #53242 , Boulder, CO 80301 Phone : 970425 . 3175E-mail zach@cloudbreakenergy . com Authorized Agent/Applicant Contact Information : Address : PO Box 1255 , Sterling , CO 80751 Phone : 970 . 425 . 3175 E-Mail : zach@cloudbreakenergy . com Correspondence to be sent to : Owner El Authorized Agent/Applicant to by : Mail Email Additional Info : I (We) hereby certify , under penalty of perjury and after carefully reading the entire contents of this document, that the information stated above is true and correct to the best of my (our) knowledge . - D-3 - Date twnernature Si ature Owner Sig Subscribed and sworn to before me this 23 day of furl e, 20 23 by 2aLhar5g Urammtr My commission expires (NI 23 r 2027 N r79° Lary Public KATIE ELIZABETH COX NOTARY PUBLIC - STATE OF COLORADO NOTARY ID 20234019330 4 MY COMMISSION IXPIRES MAY 23 , 2027 07/22 11 Colorado Secretary of State Date and Time : 10/07/2020 10 : 26 AM Document must be filed electronically. ID Number: 20201872263 Paper documents are not accepted. Fees & forms are subject to change . Document number : 20201872263 For more information or to print copies Amount Paid : $50 . 00 of filed documents, visit www. sos. state .co .us . ABOVE SPACE FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Articles of Organization filed pursuant to § 7-90-301 and § 7-80-204 of the Colorado Revised Statutes (C .R. S . ) 1 . The domestic entity name of the limited liability company is ECA CO LEAD , LLC (The name of a limited liability company must contain the term or abbreviation "limited liability company ", "ltd. liability company ", "limited liability co. ", "ltd. liability co. ", "limited ", "l. l.c. ", "llc ", or "ltd. ". See §7-90-601, C.R.S. ) (Caution: The use of certain terms or abbreviations are restricted by law. Read instructions for more information.) 2 . The principal office address of the limited liability company' s initial principal office is Street address 282 Moody St. (Street number• and name) 202 Waltham MA 02453 (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) United States (Province — if applicable) (Country) Mailing address (leave blank if same as street address) (Street number• and name or Post Office Box information) (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) (Province — if applicable) (Country) 3 . The registered agent name and registered agent address of the limited liability company' s initial registered agent are Name (if an individual) (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) or (if an entity) Registered Agents , Inc. (Caution: Do not provide both an individual and an entity name.) Street address 1942 Broadway St (Street number and name) Ste 314C Boulder CO 80302 (City) (State) (ZIP Code) Mailing address (leave blank if same as street address) (Street number and name or Post Office Box information) ARTORG_LLC Page 1 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2012 CO (City) (State) (ZIP Code) (The following statement is adopted by marking the box.) IX The person appointed as registered agent has consented to being so appointed. 4 . The true name and mailing address of the person forming the limited liability company are Name (if an individual) Fryatt Todd (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) or (if an entity) (Caution: Do not provide both an individual and an entity name.) Mailing address 282 Moody St. (Street number and name or Post Office Box information) 202 Waltham MA 02453 (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) Massachusetts United States . (Province — if applicable) (Country) (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by marking the box and include an attachment.) The limited liability company has one or more additional persons forming the limited liability company and the name and mailing address of each such person are stated in an attachment. 5 . The management of the limited liability company is vested in (Mark the applicable box.) IXI one or more managers. or the members . 6 . (The following statement is adopted by marking the box.) I X I There is at least one member of the limited liability company. 7. (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by marking the box and include an attachment.) This document contains additional information as provided by law. 8 . (Caution: Leave blank if the document does not have a delayed effective date. Stating a delayed effective date has significant legal consequences. Read instructions before entering a date.) (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by entering a date and, if applicable, time using the required format.) The delayed effective date and, if applicable, time of this document is/are . (mm/dd/yyyy hour:minute am/pm) Notice : Causing this document to be delivered to the Secretary of State for filing shall constitute the affirmation or acknowledgment of each individual causing such delivery, under penalties of perjury, that the document is the individual's act and deed, or that the individual in good faith believes the document is the act and deed of the person on whose behalf the individual is causing the document to be delivered for filing, taken in conformity with the requirements of part 3 of article 90 of title 7, C .R. S . , the constituent documents, and the organic statutes, and that the individual in good faith believes the facts stated in the document are true and the document complies with the requirements of that Part, the constituent documents, and the organic statutes . ARTORG_LLC Page 2 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2012 This perjury notice applies to each individual who causes this document to be delivered to the Secretary of State, whether or not such individual is named in the document as one who has caused it to be delivered . 9 . The true name and mailing address of the individual causing the document to be delivered for filing are Bunnell Andrew G (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) 282 Moody St. (Street number and name or Post. Office Box information) 202 Waltham MA 02453 (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal. Code) United States . (Province — if applicable) (Country) (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by marking the box and include an attachment.) ❑ This document contains the true name and mailing address of one or more additional individuals causing the document to be delivered for filing . Disclaimer: This form/cover sheet, and any related instructions, are not intended to provide legal, business or tax advice, and are furnished without representation or warranty. While this form/cover sheet is believed to satisfy minimum legal requirements as of its revision date, compliance with applicable law, as the same may be amended from time to time, remains the responsibility of the user of this form/cover sheet. Questions should be addressed to the user' s legal, business or tax advisor(s). ARTORG_LLC Page 3 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2012 Delaware Page 1 The First State I , JEFFREY W. BULLOCK, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE , DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION OF " CBEP SOLAR 9 , LLC" , FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE TENTH DAY OF DECEMBER , A . D . 2021 , AT 7 : 30 O ' CLOCK P . M. il-----2 , ____ _. r, .-- ( Q .„-- __ :„;\„ _ .„ ;y * 7_ . �I,7Nrky W Ell."Inr6 St y!c1ary :,1 5141c1 ii (\Zit ; " : -- -- 1 4(4 \ I ii 11) 44-- 4', -0,0 I I i ire: a , ntio A ' 's 6465912 8100 \ i) { J 41 57/ Authentication : 204954854 SR# 20214059273 —_ ke- __ Date : 12 - 13-21 You may verify this certificate online at corp .delaware .gov/authver.shtml State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 07:30 PM 12/10/2021 STATE OF DELAWARE FILED 07:30 PM 12/10/2021 SR 20214059273 - File Number 6465912 CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION The undersigned authorized person, desiring to form a limited liability company pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Act of the State of Delaware, hereby certifies as follows : 1 . Name. The name of the limited liability company is : CBEP Solar 9, LLC 2. Registered Agent The Registered Agent and the Registered Office are : Registered Agent Solutions, Inc. 838 Walker Road Suite 1 Kent County Dover, Delaware 19904 3 . Commencement. The Company will commence its existence on the date this Certificate of Formation is filed with the Delaware Secretary of State, IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Formation. Date : December 10, 2021 By: /s/ Zaki Robbins NM'NXIMMNMiNNV,.YNA...MW..YN I..IIII'V• IAt.1t1AtAI.NIMIt.flV11VMY11XW1'I rflVINIVII Name : Zaki Robbins Title : Authorized Person 4895-8272-6406, 1 Colorado Secretary of State Date and Time : 12/21 /2021 02 : 32 PM Document must be filed electronically. ID Number: 20218184552 Paper documents are not accepted. Fees & forms are subject to change . Document number : 202181845 52 For more information or to print copies Amount Paid : $ 100 . 00 of filed documents, visit www . sos . state . co .us . ABOVE SPACE FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Statement of Foreign Entity Authority filed pursuant to § 7-90-803 of the Colorado Revised Statutes (C . R. S . ) 1 . The entity ID number, the entity name, and the true name, if different, are Entity ID number 20218184552 (Colorado Secretary ofState ID number) Entity name CBEP Solar 9 , LLC True name (if different from the entity name) 2 . The form of entity and the jurisdiction under the law of which the entity is formed are Form of entity Foreign Limited Liability Company Jurisdiction Delaware 3 . The principal office address of the entity's principal office is Street address 4845 Pearl East Cir (Street number and name) Suite 118 #53242 Boulder CO 80301 (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) United States (Province — if applicable) (Country) Mailing address (leave blank if same as street address) (Street number and name or Post Office Box information) (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) (Province — if applicable) (Country) 4. The registered agent name and registered agent address of the entity' s registered agent are Name (if an individual) (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) or (if an entity) Cloudbreak Energy Partners , LLC (Caution: Do not provide both an individual and an entity name.) AUTHORITY Page 1 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2011 Street address 4845 Pearl East Cir (Street number and name) Suite 118 #53242 Boulder CO 80301 (City) (State) (ZIP Code) Mailing address (leave blank if same as street address) (Street number and name or Post Office Box information) CO (City) (State) (ZIP Code) (The following statement is adopted by marking the box.) ri The person appointed as registered agent above has consented to being so appointed . 5 . The date the entity commenced or expects to commence transacting business or conducting activities in Colorado is 12/10/2021 (mm/dd/yyyy) 6 . (If applicable, adopt the following statement by marking the box and include an attachment) ❑ This document contains additional information as provided by law. 7. (Caution: Leave blank if the document does not have a delayed effective date. Stating a delayed effective date has significant legal consequences. Read instructions before entering a date.) (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by entering a date and, if applicable, time using the required format ) The delayed effective date and, if applicable, time of this document is/are (mm/dd/yyyy hour:minute am/pm) Notice : Causing this document to be delivered to the Secretary of State for filing shall constitute the affirmation or acknowledgment of each individual causing such delivery, under penalties of perjury, that the document is the individual's act and deed, or that the individual in good faith believes the document is the act and deed of the person on whose behalf the individual is causing the document to be delivered for filing, taken in conformity with the requirements of part 3 of article 90 of title 7, C .R. S . , the constituent documents, and the organic statutes, and that the individual in good faith believes the facts stated in the document are true and the document complies with the requirements of that Part, the constituent documents, and the organic statutes. This perjury notice applies to each individual who causes this document to be delivered to the Secretary of State, whether or not such individual is named in the document as one who has caused it to be delivered . 8 . The true name and mailing address of the individual causing the document to be delivered for filing are Robbins Zaki (Last) (First) (Middle) (Suffix) 1400 16th Street (Street number and name or Post. Office Box information) 6th Floor Denver CO 80202 (City) (State) (ZIP/Postal Code) United States . (Province — if applicable) (Countiy) (If the following statement applies, adopt the statement by marking the box and include an attachment.) ❑ This document contains the true name and mailing address of one or more additional individuals causing the document to be delivered for filing. AUTHORITY Page 2 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2011 Disclaimer : This form/cover sheet, and any related instructions, are not intended to provide legal, business or tax advice, and are furnished without representation or warranty. While this form/cover sheet is believed to satisfy minimum legal requirements as of its revision date, compliance with applicable law, as the same may be amended from time to time, remains the responsibility of the user of this form/cover sheet. Questions should be addressed to the user' s legal, business or tax advisor(s). AUTHORITY Page 3 of 3 Rev. 12/01/2011 CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Project SUBJECT: Planning Questionnaire 1 . Explain the proposed use and business name :. o CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead is proposing to construct and operate the Sand Creek Solar Projects ( " Project " ) in unincorporated Weld County on Parcel ID number 080334200006 . The Project will be a 2 . 5 MWac community solar garden and will be constructed on approximately 35 . 61 acres of privately owned land . It will consist of solar modules mounted about 5 feet above the existing grade on single-axis trackers , which allow the panels to track the sun from east to west over the course of the day. The project will also include inverters mounted on steel posts or beams, concrete-pad mounted transformers, other electrical equipment, an access road , and a perimeter game fence with gates . 2 . Explain the need for the proposed use : o Ensuring long -term energy security for the United States requires a mixture of all different types of energy production , including community solar projects like the Sand Creek Solar Project . 3 . Describe the current and previous use of the land . o The land is currently vacant (no existing water rights to be used for crop production ) and has historically been used for oil and gas production . 4 . Describe the proximity of the proposed use to residences. o The nearest residence is located approximately 236 feet north of the Project's fenceline . 5 . Describe the surrounding land uses of the site and how the proposed use is compatible with them . o The surrounding land uses include both industrial uses (the Greeley-Weld County Airport, multiple gas and oil facilities, high -voltage transmission lines, and Xcel 's Cloverly substation ) and agricultural land . The Project will not interfere with any of the nearby uses. The aesthetics of a community solar garden will fit in well with the surrounding uses . (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGE2 6 . Describe the hours and days of operation (i . e . Monday thru Friday 8 : 00 a . m . to 5 : 00 . m .) . o Construction activities will take place Monday through Saturday from 7 : 00 a . m . to 6 : 00 p . m . After construction is completed , occasional maintenance will occur between 7 : 00 a . m . and 7 : 00 p . m . as needed . 7 . Describe the number of employees including full -time, part-time and contractors. If shift work is proposed , detail number of employees ,, schedule and duration of shifts . o Construction may require up to 50 workers to be on site at one time during the peak of construction , all contractors during the day shift. Construction employees may include up to 15 civil workers, 15 electricians, 15 racking builders , and an additional 5 employees. During operations , two to four employees may be needed for maintenance , as needed , approximately twice a year. 8 . Describe the maximum number of users, patrons, members, buyers or other visitors that the site will accommodate at any one time . o No users , patrons , members , buyers , or other visitors are expected to be on the site at any time . 9 . List the types and maximum numbers of animals to be on the site at any one time (for dairies, livestock confinement operations, kennels, etc.) . o up to 500 sheep . 10 . List the types and number of operating and processing equipment. o The Project will consist of approximately 6 , 370 solar modules mounted about 5 feet above the existing grade on single-axis trackers , which allow the panels to track the sun from east to west of the course of the day . The project will also include 20 inverters mounted on steel posts or beams, 2 concrete pad mounted transformers, and other electrical equipment. 11 . List the types, number and uses of the existing and proposed structures. o There are no existing structures on the Project's site . o The proposed structures for the Project will include : i . Approximately 6 ,370 solar modules mounted about 5 feet above the existing grade on single-axis trackers, which allow the panels to track the sun from east to west of the course of the day. ii . 20 inverters mounted on steel posts or beams iii . 2 concrete pad mounted transformers iv. Approximately 10 utility poles that will connect the project to the existing Xcel Energy distribution line on the north side of the property. v. One temporary construction trailer (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBPEAKEN EPGY.COM I CLOU DBPEAKEN EPGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE3 vi . Two 10' x 40' storage containers that will store parts, tools , and equipment on site during construction and operations 12 . Describe the size of any stockpile , storage or waste areas . o During construction , a laydown area located within the limits of the Project area will be used to store Project facility items while facilities are installed . During operations , there will be no open stockpiling , uncovered storage , or waste areas . Up to two storage containers approximately 40-feet in length , 10 feet in width , and 10 feet in height to store spare parts , tools, and equipment on site during construction and operations . 13 . Describe the method and time schedule of removal or disposal of debris, junk and other wastes associated with the proposed use . o Debris , junk, and other wastes will be stored in appropriate waste receptacles such as dumpsters during construction . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead or its contractors will hire a waste management provider to regularly remove wastes associated with construction of the Project from the receptacles and bring the waste to an approved landfill or disposal site . Maintenance contractors will properly dispose of any wastes generated during operation of the Project by bringing the wastes to an approved landfill or disposal site . 14 . Include a timetable showing the periods of time required for the construction of the operation . o Project construction is expected to begin in Q1 2024 and is expected to be completed in Q2 2024 . Construction activities would follow the estimated timetable below : Construction Phase Season/Duration Construction Begins Q1 2024 Site preparation 1 -2 months Structural work 3-5 months Electrical work 2-4 months Utility work 2-4 months Construction Completion Q2 2024 15 . Describe the proposed and existing lot surface type and the square footage of each type (i . e . asphalt, gravel , landscaping , dirt, grass, buildings) . (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE o The existing lot surface type is all vegetated land . The proposed surface types and square footage of each type are listed below : i . Concrete : 2749 sq ft ii . Gravel : 19623 sq ft iii . Swales: NA sq ft iv. Grass/Vacant: 1 , 144 , 160 sq ft v. Solar Racking : 385 ,330 sq ft 16 . How many parking spaces are proposed ? How many handicap-accessible parking spaces are proposed ? o No parking spaces or handicap- accessible parking spaces are proposed . 17 . Describe the existing and proposed fencing and screening for the site including all parking and outdoor storage areas. o There is no existing fencing or screening on the site . The Project will be surrounded by a game fence that is at least 7 feet tall . 18 . Describe the existing and proposed landscaping for the site . o There is no existing landscaping on the site . 19 . Describe reclamation procedures to be employed as stages of the operation are phased out or upon cessation of the Use by Special Review activity . o Decommissioning of the Project will commence within 12 months after power production has permanently ceased and be completed within 12 months of the decommissioning work commencing . Decommissioning will include the removal of: i . All non - utility owned equipment, conduits, structures, fencing , and foundations to a depth of at least three (3) feet below grade ii . All fences , graveled areas and access roads unless the property owner agrees for this to remain o The property will be restored to a condition reasonably similar to its condition prior to the development of the Project 20 . Describe the proposed fire protection measures. o The Project is located within the Western Hills Fire Department. The Project will comply with all Colorado Public Utilities Commission requirements as well as national codes and standards for construction , electrical , and fire . A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system will remotely monitor and control the Project 24 hours per day . The SCADA system will transmit Project data and control signals over the internet. (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKEICIEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGES 21 . Explain how this proposal is consistent with the Weld County Comprehensive Plan per Chapter 22 of the Weld County Code . o The Project is consistent with the Weld County Comprehensive Plan because it: i . Does not interfere with any existing agricultural operations within the vicinity . ii . Respects private property rights by allowing the owner of the property to do what is in their best interest while complying with local regulations and not interfering with or infringing upon the rights of others . iii . Promotes economic growth and stability by providing a diversified source of income for the landowner, the shepherd , and the County while also offering local residents the opportunity to save money on their electricity bills through Xcel 's Solar* Rewards Community Program . iv. Protects the health , safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the County by providing an emission -free source of energy . v. Is harmonious with surrounding agricultural and industrial uses . vi . Supports future mineral development by reserving space on the landowner's property where minerals can be extracted in the future . 22 . Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the zone district in which it is located . ( Intent statements can be found at the beginning of each zone district section in Article III of Chapter 23 of the Weld County Code .) o There are no water rights associated with the property, so crop production is not currently feasible . The new solar development will also not interfere with any of the surrounding agricultural land uses. The Project's array will protect the land underneath and in turn allow the soil to revitalize over time , therefore preserving the land to be used for agricultural purposes in the future , if desired . 23 . Explain how this proposal will be compatible with future development of the surrounding, area or adopted master plans of affected municipalities. o The Project will be located within the Town of Kersey's Intergovernmental Agreement area . o The Project's area is not included on the Future Land Use maps in the 2016 Town of Kersey Comprehensive Plan which assumes that the land currently falls under " Undetermined Use " . Therefore , the proposed solar development will not go against any established future plans . As described in the Town of Kersey (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBPEAKEN EPGY.COM I CLOU DBPEAKEN EPGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE 6 Comprehensive Plan , one of the action items ( R2 . 5 . 4) is " continue to explore alternative energy sources (solar, wind , etc .) and new technology for power sources and other critical infrastructure . " This Project would allow the Town of Kersey to meet their clean energy exploration goals and continue pursuing more renewable initiatives such as the " Sustainable Energy City " designation also mentioned in the Comprehensive Plan . 24 . Explain how this proposal impacts the protection of the health , safety and welfare of the inhabitants of the neighborhood and the County . o The Project is not anticipated to impact the health , safety , and welfare of Weld County citizens . Designs will comply with Colorado Public Utilities Commission requirements as well as national codes and standards for construction , electrical , and fire . A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system will remotely monitor and control the Project 24 hours per day . The SCADA system will transmit Project data and control signals over the internet . 25 . Describe any irrigation features . If the proposed use is to be located in the A 'Agricultural) Zone District, explain your efforts to conserve prime agricultural land in the locational decision for the proposed use . o There is no irrigation system on the property and there are no existing water rights . 26 . Explain how this proposal complies with Article V and Article XI of Chapter 23 if the proposal is located within any Overlay Zoning District (Airport, Geologic Hazard , or Historic Townsites Overlay Districts) or a Special Flood Hazard Area identified by maps officially adopted by the County . o Flood Hazard , Geologic Hazard , and Historic Townsites : The Project is not located within the 1 % Annual Chance Flood Hazard Area (Flood Zone A) . Flood Zone A crosses over a section of the parcel on the northeast corner, but it is well o utside of the proposed Project Area . According to the Colorado Geological Survey, no geologic hazards were identified within the Project Area . The Weld County property portal 's Historic Townsite layer showed no presence of historic sites within the Project Area . o Airport: The Project is located within the Airport Overlay District. This District has unique height limitations as well as unique use restrictions . The use restrictions in Section 23 -5-40 of the Weld County Code are defined as follows : " Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Division , no USE may be made of land or water within any zone established by this Division in such a manner as to create electrical interference with navigational signals or radio communication between the GREELEY-WELD COUNTY AIRPORT and aircraft, make it difficult for pilots to distinguish between GREELEY-WELD COUNTY AIRPORT lights and (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGE7 others , result in glare in the eyes of pilots using the GREELEY-WELD COUNTY AIRPORT, impair visibility in the vicinity of the GREELEY-WELD COUNTY AIRPORT, create bird strike hazards or otherwise in any way endanger or interfere with the landing , takeoff or maneuvering of aircraft intending to use the GREELEY-WELD COUNTY AIRPORT. " As detailed below, the Project complies with these use restrictions as well as the height limitations: i . Electrical Interference - According to " Electro- Magnetic Interference from Solar Photovoltaic Arrays " published by the U . S . Department of the Navy, " The Federal Aviation Admiration ( FAA) has indicated that EMI from PV installations is low risk. PV systems equipment such as step- up transformers and electrical cables are not sources of electromagnetic interference because of their low-frequency (60 Hz) of operation and PV panels themselves do not emit EMI . The only component of a PV array that may be capable of emitting EMI is the inverter. Inverters , however, produce extremely low frequency EMI similar to electrical appliances and at a distance of 150 feet from the inverters the EM field is at or below background levels . " ii . Lights - The Project will not include any lighting , therefore there will be no effect in distinguishing Greeley-Weld County Airport lights and others. iii . Glare - CBEP Solar 2 , LLC performed a glare analysis for the Project which is included within the application package . The Project will follow all FAA regulations and utilize mitigation measures proposed by the study . iv. Visibility - The Project will not impair visibility . v. Bird Strikes and Other Hazards : The Project will not create bird strike hazards or otherwise in any way endanger or interfere with the landing , takeoff or maneuvering of aircraft intending to use the Greeley-Weld County Airport. There will be no lights on the array nor anything else that would attract birds to the project area . vi . Height Limitations: Upon review of the Greeley-Weld County Airport Master Plan 's Airport Layout Plan drawings , the parcel containing the Project Area was identified as a part of the Transitional Zone as well as the Horizontal Zone . The Project abides by the Airport Zone height limitations of both the Transitional Zone and the Horizontal Zone outlined in Sec . 25-5 -30 . 27 . Detail known State or Federal permits required for your proposed use (s) and the status of each permit . Provide a copy of any application or permit._ (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a C LO U D B FR EAK E N E PGY.CO M I C LO U D B P EAK E N E PGY.CO M CLOUDBREAK PAGE 8 o There are no Federal permits required for the Project. o There are two State permits that may be required - the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Construction Stormwater Discharge Permit and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Air Permit. No applications for State permits have been submitted . (970) 425-3175 I INFO@CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Environmental Health Questionnaire 1 . Discuss the existing and .proposed potable water source . If utilizing a drinking_ water well , include either the well permit or well permit application that was submitted to the State Division of Water Resources. If utilizing a public water tap, include a letter from the Water District, a tap or meter number; or a copy of the water bill . : o The Project area does not have an existing potable water source . There is no proposed potable water source for the Project. Bottled water will be provided for the construction team . Any water used for dust mitigation will be brought to the property from an external source . 2 . Discuss the existing and proposed sewage disposal system . What type of sewage disposal system is on the property? If utilizing an existing on -site wastewater treatment system, provide the on -site wastewater treatment permit number. Of there is no on -site wastewater treatment permit due to the age of the existing. on -site wastewater treatment system., apply for a on -site wastewater treatment .permit through the Department of Public Health and Environment prior to submitting, this application .) If a new on - site wastewater treatment system will be installed , please state " a new on -site wastewater treatment system is proposed . " (Only propose portable toilets if the use is consistent with the Department of Public Health and Environment's portable toilet policy .) : o There is no existing on -site sewage disposal system . The operation of the Project is not anticipated to require a sewage disposal system . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead or its contractors will provide portable toilets during construction . 3 . If storage or warehousing is proposed , what type of items will be stored : o The Project will include up to two 10 ' x 40 ' storage containers that will store parts , tools, and equipment on site during construction and operations. 4 . Describe where and how storage and/or stockpile of wastes , chemicals , and/or petroleum will occur on this site : o During construction wastes will be stored in appropriate waste receptacles such as dumpsters. CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead and its contractors will hire (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE2 a waste management provider to regularly remove wastes associated with construction of the Project from the receptacles and bring the waste to an approved landfill or disposal site . Maintenance contractors will properly dispose of any wastes generated during operation of the Project by bringing the wastes to an approved landfill or disposal site . During construction , up to 1 ,000 gallons of fuel will be stored on -site in appropriate containers . No fuel will be stored on site for operations. No other chemicals are anticipated to be stored during construction or operation of the Project. 5 . If there will be fuel storage on site , indicate the gallons and the secondary containment. State the number of tanks and gallons per tank: o Up to 1 ,000 gallons of fuel are anticipated to be stored on one site at one time during construction . Storage of fuel will follow applicable secondary containment requirements , as applicable . There will not be fuel storage during operation of the Project. 6 . If there will be washing of vehicles or equipment on site , indicate how the wash water will be contained : o There will not be vehicle washing/equipment on site during the construction and operation of the Project. 7 . If there will be floor drains, indicate how the fluids will be contained : o None of the facilities constructed for the Project will contain floor drains or require wastewater treatment. 8 . Indicate if there will be any air emissions (e . g . painting , oil storage , etc. ) : o Traffic volume , primarily in the form of passenger vehicles , would increase in and around the Project area during construction . The increased traffic would temporarily increase odors and exhaust from vehicle emissions . Odors are anticipated from the operation of heavy machinery during grading , pile driving , and other installation activities at specific time periods throughout construction . Impacts from odors during Project operation would be minimal , likely restricted to emissions from the vehicles of maintenance personnel . 9 . Provide a design and operations plan if applicable (e . g . composting , landfills, etc .) : o A design and operations plan is not applicable to the Project. 10 . Provide a nuisance management plan if applicable (e . g . dairies, feedlots, etc .) : o A nuisance management plan is not applicable to the Project. 11 . Additional information may be requested depending on type of land use requested : (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGE 3 o If any additional information is required , please don 't hesitate to contact Zach Brammeratzach@cloudbreal<energy . com - (970) 425 -3175 . (970) 425-3175 I INFO@CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Development Review Questionnaire 1 . Describe the access location and applicable use types (i . e . , agricultural , residential , commercial/industrial , and/or oil and gas) of all existing and proposed accesses to the parcel . Include the approximate distance each access is (or will be if proposed) from an intersecting county road . State that no existing access is present or that no new access is proposed , if applicable : There are three accesses on the Project parcel . o The access location for the Sand Creek Solar Projects is an existing access point on the northern side of the parcel directly off of County Road 64 . This has been used as an access road for past oil and gas operations on the parcel . The access point is located approximately 2 , 000 feet east of County Road 43 and 3 , 300 feet west of County Road 45 . o The second access is located on County Road 64 , approximately 3 , 000 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 150 feet east of County Road 43 . This is an existing oil and gas access. o The third access is located on County Road 64 , approximately 2 , 575 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 600 feet east of County Road 43 . This access is used for agricultural and oil and gas access . 2 . Describe any anticipated change(s) to an existing access, if applicable : o There will be no relocation of access roads . Existing access roads will be improved and expanded on as part of the Project. 3 . Describe in detail any existing or ,proposed access gate including its location : o There will be a 7 -foot tall perimeter fence around the Project. There will be two access gates located along the eastern side of the Project Area . 4 . Describe the location of all existing accesses on adjacent parcels and on parcels located on the opposite side of the road . Include the approximate distance each access is from an intersecting county road : There are 10 parcels adjacent to the Project parcel . o There are four adjacent parcels to the west of the Project parcel . (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGE2 - The Agricultural parcel to the northwest has two accesses. The first access is located on County Road 64, approximately 550 feet east of County Road 43 and 4 , 650 feet west of County Road 45 . The second access is located on County Road 43 , approximately 2 , 200 feet south of County Road 64 and 3 , 100 feet north of County Road 62 . - The residential parcel to the northwest has one access located on County Road 64 , approximately 1 , 650 feet east of County Road 43 and 3 , 550 feet west of County Road 45 . - The agricultural parcel to the southwest has two accesses. The first is located on County Road 43 , approximately 2 , 650 feet south of County Road 64 and 2 , 650 feet north of County Road 62 . The second access is located on County Road 62 , approximately 625 feet east of County Road 43 and 4 , 600 feet west of County Road 45 . - The residential parcel to the southwest has one access located on Coutny Road 62 , approximately 1 , 400 feet east of County Road 43 and 3 , 800 feet west of County Road 45 o There are three parcels to the east of the Project parcel . - The parcel to the northeast has three access points. The first access is located on County Road 64 , approximately 2 , 550 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 625 feet east of County Road 43 . The second access is located on County Road 64 , approximately 1 , 800 feet west of County Road 45 and 3 , 385 feet east of County Road 43 . The third access is located on County Road 64 , approximately 1 , 500 feet west of County Road 45 and 3 , 675 feet east of County Road 43 . - The agricultural parcel to the southeast of the project parcel has 3 accesses. The first access is located on County Road 62 , approximately 2 , 050 feet west of County Road 45 and 3 , 150 feet east of County Road 43 . The second access is located on County Road 62 , approximately 2 , 100 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 900 feet east of County Road 43 . The second access is located on County Road 62 , approximately 2 , 600 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 600 feet east of County Road 43 . - The residential parcel to the southeast has one access located on County Road 62 , approximately 3 , 125 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 100 feet east of County Road 43 . o There are three parcel on the opposite side of County Road 64 from the project parcel . - The large agricultural parcel has 2 accesses located on County Road 64 . The first access is located approximately 3 , 100 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 130 feet east of County Road 43 . The second access is located (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE3 approximately 3 , 425 feet west of County Road 45 and 1 , 800 feet east of County Road 43 . - The small agricultural parcel (21367 CR 64) has one access located on County Road 64, approximately 3 , 250 feet west of County Road 45 and 1 , 950 feet east of County Road 43 . - The residential parcel (21491 CR 64) has one access located on County Road 64 , approximately 2 , 650 feet west of County Road 45 and 2 , 550 feet east of County Road 43 . 5 . Describe any difficulties seeing oncoming traffic from an existing.. access and any anticipated difficulties seeing oncoming traffic from a proposed access : o The existing access should not have any difficulties seeing oncoming traffic . 6 . Describe any horizontal curve (using terms like mild curve, sharp curve , reverse curvet etc .) in the vicinity of an existing or proposed access: o The existing access does not have any horizontal curves in the vicinity . 7 . Describe the topography (using terms like flat, slight hills, steep hills, etc . ) of the road in the vicinity of an existing or proposed access: o The topography of the road in the vicinity of the existing access is flat. (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM 317SDATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Decommissioning Plan Approach CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead has developed this decommissioning plan for the Sand Creek Solar Projects , to be implemented after the contracted lease term has ended . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead , the owner of the 2 . 5 MW AC Solar Energy Facility (SEF) will be responsible for the decommissioning . Decommissioning of the Project will include removal of all above and below- ground infrastructure , including the arrays , inverter structures , concrete foundations and pads , and electrical infrastructure . All fences, graveled areas and access roads shall be removed unless landowner agreement to retain is presented , in writing , in which the property owner agrees for this to remain . The property shall be restored to a condition reasonably similar to its condition prior to development of the 2 . 5 MW AC SEE Grading and re-vegetation will comply with all applicable rules and regulations. Exclusions from the decommissioning plan include planting trees , removing internal site roads , and re-grading to previous conditions. All non -utility owned equipment, conduits, structures, fencing , and foundations to a depth of at least 3 ' below grade shall be removed . Decommissioning activities will follow the CDOT best management practices ( BMPs) for erosion and sediment control and stormwater management that are applied during project construction , or any new BMPs relevant at the time . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead will decommission the Project once the contracted lease term is over, if the lease term is not extended or renewed . Decommissioning may also be initiated if the project is no longer viable , or in the case of a force majeure event (described below) . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead will provide notice to Weld County prior to commencement of decommissioning the Project. Estimated Timeline and Cost Decommissioning/reclamation shall commence within 12 months after power production has permanently ceased and be completed within 12 months from the start date of the decommissioning/reclamation work . Decommissioning/reclamation cost estimates, which shall be updated every five years from the establishment and submittal of the Security, shall include (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE2 all costs associated with the dismantlement, recycling , and safe disposal of facility components and site reclamation activities, including the following elements : • All labor, equipment, transportation , and disposal costs associated with the removal all facility components from the facility site • All costs associated with full reclamation of the facility site , including removal of non -native soils, fences, and constructed access roads • All costs associated with reclamation of any primary agricultural soils at the facility site to ensure each area of direct impact shall be materially similar to the condition it was before construction • All decommissioning/reclamation activity management, site supervision , and site safety costs • All other costs , including administration costs, associated with the decommissioning and reclamation of the facility site • The established date of submission of the financial assurance mechanism to Weld County Prior to construction , CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead will provide the County with an irrevocable standby letter of credit, bond , or alternate form of financial assurance mechanism in an amount sufficient to fund the estimated decommissioning costs required by the Code . The Security shall : • Name the Board of County Commissioners of Weld County as the sole beneficiary of the letter of credit • Be issued by an A- rated financial institution based upon a rating provided by S & P, Moody's, Fitch , AM Best, or other rating agency with similar credentials • Include an automatic extension provision or " evergreen clause " • Be " bankruptcy remote " , meaning the financial assurance mechanism will be unaffected by the bankruptcy of the SEF operator Weld County, in its sole discretion , may approve alternative forms of a financial assurance mechanism such as , but not limited to bonds , letters of credit, or other securities , if it finds that such alternative forms will provide an assurance of the availability of financial resources for decommissioning/reclamation that equals or exceeds that provided by the form required herein . Furthermore , Weld County shall have the right to draw upon the irrevocable standby letter of credit, or other form of financial assurance mechanism , to pay for decommissioning in the event that the holder has not commenced decommissioning/reclamation activities within 90 days of the Board of County Commissioners order or resolution directing decommissioning/reclamation . Continued Beneficial Use (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKEICIEPGY.COM CLOUDBREAK PAGE3 If prior to decommissioning the Project , the landowner determines that any of the Project components can be beneficially used on the land after disassembly, such items would be exempt from the requirements for decommissioning . If a third party acquires the Project or a portion of the Project, such third party would be responsible for providing evidence of a plan of continued beneficial use for their relevant Project components . Force Majeure An exception to these requirements will be allowed for a force majeure event, which is defined as any event or circumstance that wholly or partly prevents or delays the performance of any material obligation arising under the Project permits , but only to the extent: • Such event is not within the reasonable control , directly or indirectly, of CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead (including without limitation events such as fire , earthquake , flood , tornado , hurricane , acts of God and natural disasters; war, civil strife or other similar violence) ; • CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead has taken all reasonable precautions and measures to prevent or avoid such event or mitigate the effect of such event on CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead 's ability to perform its obligations under the Project permits and which , by the exercise of due diligence , it has been unable to overcome ; and • Such event is not the direct or indirect result of the fault or negligence of CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead . In the event of a force majeure event, which results in the absence of electrical generation by the Project for 12 months, CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead must demonstrate to Weld County by the end of the 12 months of non -operation that the Project will be substantially operational and producing electricity within 24 months of the force majeure event. If such a demonstration is not made to Weld County's satisfaction , then decommissioning of the Project must be initiated 18 months after the force majeure event. (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBFREAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM Kimley >>) Horn PRELIMINARY DRAINAGE REPORT Sand Creek Solar Weld County Case # TBD Southeast of Intersection of Weld County Road 64 and Weld County Road 63 ( Parcel #080334200006 ) Weld County , CO Prepared by: Kimley- Horn Inc. 6200 South Syracuse Way , Suite 300 Greenwood Village , CO 80111 Contact : Adam Harrison , P . E . Phone : ( 303 ) 228 -2311 Prepared on : June 16 , 2023 Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 1 Kimley >>) Horn TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . PROJECT DESCRIPTION & SCOPE OF WORK 3 1 . 1 . Project Location 3 1 . 2. Nearby Water Features & Ownership 4 1 . 3. Report & Analysis Methodologies 4 1 . 4. Stormwater Management 5 2. CONCLUSION 5 EXHIBITS Exhibit 1 - FEMA Firm Map Exhibit 2 - NRCS Report Exhibit 3 — NOAA Rainfall Data Exhibit 4 — Pre-Development Drainage Area Map Exhibit 5 — Post-Development Drainage Area Map Exhibit 6 — Hydrologic Calculations Exhibit 7 — Hydrologic Response of Solar Farms Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 2 Kimley >) Horn 1 . PROJECT DESCRIPTION & SCOPE OF WORK The development is a proposed 2 . 5MWac Solar power generating facility located in Weld County , CO. The solar power generating facility will consist of rows of Photovoltaic Solar Modules , gravel access driveways , associated electrical equipment , and underground utilities . Solar modules will be mounted on piles and elevated above the ground as to preserve the existing underlying soil and allow for revegetation and infiltration . The project will be surrounded by a perimeter fence . Ground area within the limits of development that is not occupied by gravel roads or foundations will be seeded to establish permanent vegetation . This project is adjacent to another proposed solar development to the east of this proposed development on the same parcel ; these developments will share a main access road from Weld County Road 64 into the site . From the main access road , there will be gravel access roads to the module areas . This drainage narrative is intended to provide Weld County with preliminary information regarding the drainage and land disturbance activities related to the proposed Sand Creek Solar, small scale solar facility ( Project) . The project will be designed and will be constructed and maintained in a manner that minimizes storm water related impacts , in accordance with Weld County drainage criteria. Project name , Property Address and Weld County Parcel No . Sand Creek Solar, Weld County Road 64 (WCR - 64) between WCR -43 and WCR -45 , Parcel No . 080334200006 Developer/Owner CloudBreak Energy Partners , LLC , 218 S . 3 ' Street Sterling , CO 80751 Urbanizing/ Non - Urbanizing This site is located more than a quarter mile away from the nearest Weld County municipal boundary and is classified as " Non- Urbanizing" . Therefore , detention ponds designed for this site would be sized using 10-year runoff rates . 1 . 1 . Project Location The existing site subject property is a parcel of 113 . 35 acres . The project is located on approximately 34 . 53 acres of agricultural and undeveloped , lightly vegetated land . The project is located northeast of Greeley , within Weld County and directly northwest of the Greeley- Weld County Airport. The site is bounded to the north by Weld County Road 64 , to the west by property parcel number 080334200005 , to the east by property 21690 County Road 64 (parcel number 080334000057) , and to the south by Weld County Road 62 . Section Township Range Property is located within a portion of the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 34 , Township 6 North , Range 65 West of the 6th P . M . , Weld County , Colorado . Per FEMA Map Panels 08123C1535E effective 1 /20/2016 , a portion of the parcel as a whole , and a very small section of the development area in the northeast corner is within the Zone A Flood Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 3 Kimley o)> rn Hazard Area ( Refer to Exhibit 1 for FEMA Map) . No development is proposed within flood zone A . The perimeter fence is also located outside of the flood hazard area . The nearest solar panel string is located approximately 250 ' from the nearest part of the flood hazard area . The N RCS Report dated 06/05/2023 , concludes that onsite soil consists of Dacono clay loam that classifies as hydrologic soil group C . The site was modeled using type C soils for conservative runoff calculations . For additional detail , refer to Exhibit 2 for the NRCS Report. 1 . 2 . Nearby Water Features & Ownership In the existing condition , a majority of the site drains to the south to an existing drainage ditch that flows west towards Sand Creek . The nearest water feature is Sand Creek , which cuts through the northeast part of the site and flows southeast. Sand Creek is the receiving waters of the project site and runoff is conveyed to Sand Creek through the existing drainage ditch . The existing drainage patterns will be maintained in the proposed condition . Refer to Exhibit 4 and Exhibit 5 for the Pre and Post- Development Drainage Area Maps . 1 . 3 . Report & Analysis Methodologies This report evaluates the pre and post development runoff characteristics of the development ( including solar facility footprint and access drive) and addresses the stormwater requirements of Weld County and the state of Colorado . Hydrologic Design Criteria The table below notes the hydrologic design criteria used in the analysis . Parameter Value Unit Reference Time of Concentration , Tc - min . Exhibit 6 Runoff Coefficient, C - - MHFD Criteria Manual, Chapter 6 , Table 6-4 1 -hr Point Rainfall , P1 ( 100-Year) 2 . 72 Inches NOAA Rainfall Data ( Exhibit 3 ) Storm Runoff, Q - cfs Q = CIA Basin Conditions The drainage areas of the site are shown for the site as Pre- construction ( Exhibit 4) and Post- construction ( Exhibit 5) . Pre-construction drainage basins were analyzed to calculate the peak historic runoff for the design storm . Proposed post construction drainage basins were analyzed to calculate the peak runoff for the design storm using an impervious percentage of 2 . 6% (see Exhibit 6 for the imperviousness summary) . The tracking solar panels are not classified as an impervious surface because precipitation falling on the solar panels will shed onto the vegetated surface below. Stormwater Runoff The stormwater runoff for the existing and proposed conditions is calculated utilizing the Rational Method . The 100-year, 1 - hour storm event was analyzed for pre- and post-construction drainage Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 4 Kimley >) Horn basins . The flow path for the basins can be seen in Exhibits 4 & 5 . The time of concentration to the point of accumulation was calculated using MHFD equations and can be found in Exhibit 6 . The Runoff Coefficients are also included in Exhibit 6 . The precipitation data used for the 100- year, 1 -hour storm event is based on NOAA rainfall data from the project site (Exhibit 3) . A summary of the rational calculation findings is shown in the table below . Existing Proposed Area 34 . 53 ac 34 . 53 ac Imperviousness 2 . 0 % 2 . 6 Quo 34 . 47 cfs 34 . 80 cfs 1 . 4 . Stormwater Management A study published in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering researched the hydrologic impacts of utility scale solar generating facilities . The study utilized a model to simulate runoff from pre- and post-solar panel conditions . The study concluded that the solar panels themselves have little to no impact on runoff volumes or rates . Rainfall losses , most notably infiltration , are not impacted by the solar panels . Rainfall that falls directly on a solar panel runs to the pervious areas around and under the surrounding panels . Refer to Exhibit 7 for the study published in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering . Under developed conditions , runoff will follow existing drainage patterns and will not significantly increase peak flows ( increases from 34. 47 cfs to 34 . 80 cfs in the 100-year , 1 - hour storm event) . 2 . CONCLUSION The following list summarizes key components of the Project and findings related to land disturbance and storm water impacts . • Installation of the solar facility will temporarily disturb the ground surface within the 34 . 53- acre Project area , but won ' t require clearing and grubbing of vegetation or grading , except for concrete equipment pads and gravel access drive installations . • The areas considered impervious ( 100 percent impervious 2 , 748 sq ft concrete pads) or semi- impervious (40 percent impervious 15 , 061 sf gravel access drive) total 0 . 41 acres or 1 . 18 % of the project area . This increase in imperviousness is negligible as it relates to total stormwater runoff for the planned solar development . • Under existing conditions , the peak flow from the site area for the 100 yr — lhr storm event is 34 . 47 cfs . • Under developed conditions , the peak flow from the site area for the 100 yr — lhr storm event is 34 . 80 cfs . • Installation of the solar facility is not expected to impact existing drainage patterns or flow rates on or around the project site . Runoff water quality will not be impacted by the solar facility components . • The project design will adequately protect public health , safety and general welfare and have no adverse effects on Weld County right- of-way or offsite properties . As noted above, a study published in the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering ( Exhibit 7) researched the hydrologic impacts of utility scale solar generating facilities . The study utilized a model to simulate runoff from pre- development and post-development solar panel conditions . The Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 5 Kimley >) Horn study concluded that the solar panels themselves have little to no impact on runoff volumes or rates . Rainfall losses , most notably infiltration , are not impacted by the solar panels . Rainfall that falls directly on a solar panel runs to the pervious areas around and under the surrounding panels . Grading is proposed with minimal changes to the existing site drainage patterns and onsite access roads will be made of gravel . Based on the proposed improvements on the project site , the findings of the above referenced study , and the calculations included within this report , increases in runoff will be negligible . Therefore , permanent stormwater detention and water quality facilities are not proposed with the project . We trust that the information provided is acceptable and complete for preliminary site plan review drainage report requirements . Please let us know if you have any questions or need additional information . KIMLEY- HORN AND ASSOCIATES , INC . ilort Adam Harrison , PE Project Manager Sand Creek - Weld County, CO June 2023 Page 6 Exhibit 1 — FEMA Firm Map National F FIRMette a s- Legend \.c g ,r - 104°39'27"W 40°27'N SEE FIS REPORT FOR DETAILED LEGEND AND INDEX MAP FOR FIRM PANEL LAYOUT - I -_ lilirCLip * .-.2.- :seal" Without Base Flood Elevation (BFE) T6N woos! „ 7. --- _ _ zone a, v, A99 SPECIAL FLOOD With BFE or Depth zone AE, A0, AN, vE, AR -sib: abdr , Ilit . itts- HAZARD AREAS ReI MEN \ • gulatory Floodway 0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard, Areas ''li of 1% annual chance flood with average WI. depth less than one foot or with drainage , i \ areas of less than one square mile '�11P,I1 \ Future Conditions 1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard I \ Area with Reduced Flood Risk due to , ii ill \ OTHER AREAS OF Levee. See Notes. zone x I\ FLOOD HAZARD Area with Flood Risk due to Levee Zone D NO SCREEN Area of Minimal Flood Hazard zone x I \ - j Effective LOM Rs OTHER AREAS Area of Undetermined Flood Hazard Zone D IGENERAL - - - - Channel, Culvert, or Storm Sewer , _ , STRUCTURES mini Levee, Dike, or Floodwall . rl . . • 0nI ' B20.2 Cross Sections with 1% Annual Chance WELD COM= • S 17.5 Water Surface Elevation ' 1'66 8 - - - - Coastal Transect a 5,1 Base Flood Elevation Line (BFE) AREA F e 1„I1'I4iM L FLOOD 1AZARD . 1, , — Limit of Study Lida ii Jurisdiction Boundary T6N R&M S34ill - - Coastal Transect Baseline 0812iii OTHER . �. � � � Profile Baseline " ' �` 533E FEATURES Hydrographic ra hic Feature twit 1/20/2016 el. 1/20120 L6 - ;r.I , ki"It. y g p Digital Data Available IP . - No Digital Data Available 111 MAP PANELS y Unmapped 0 The pin displayed on the map is an approximate I 't II point selected by the user and does not represent �� I an authoritative property location. M 4 I This map complies with FEMA's standards for the use of digital flood maps if it is not void as described below. I all The basemap shown complies with FEMA's basemap accuracy standards 0 It The flood hazard information is derived directly from the authoritative NFHL web services provided by FEMA. This map was exported on 6/5/2023 at 12:48 PM and does not reflect changes or amendments subsequent to this date and time. The NFHL and effective information may change or t become superseded by new data over time. This map image is void if the one or more of the following map elements do not appear: basemap imagery, flood zone labels, • legend, scale bar, map creation date, community identifiers, FIRM panel number, and FIRM effective date. Map images for Feet 1 : 6 , 000 104°38'50"W 40°26'33"N unmapped and unmodernized areas cannot be used for 0 250 500 1 , 000 1 , 500 2 , 000 regulatory purposes. Basemap: USGS National Map: Orthoimagery: Data refreshed October, 2020 Exhibit 2 — NRCS Report Hydrologic Soil Group—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part in N co M M O O 529100 529200 529300 529400 529500 529600 529700 529800 40° 27 1" N ( �� I I I ,.� 40° 27' 1" N v AL+ -- r , _ 4 I I I I I., I _ �' . I s r iser , . .. t. i ill % t I. . vita: illift ...„, le -_ _- _� __ - -_-_-_, - - _ Ill.• , �.- . C tyiR ad„64� — -• - ___._ _ air , - ten, . _, AL , - Ire. — snwe er,... ilk ,lipit.:4, I ,. 8 (• y . _ . h go 1 II i Mai ? I ill to l V , \\'' 1I s , ti , 1 Il• 1. - I 1. IIy1I �. \it 1 1 ill . .ESt --r I ` E ! l b 1 • l s • 1 ♦.•'e . : ''' : I' j 1{ li L �eFY , ' • w fl• 1 ti I II �1 jI. i'r� t y' rl I� F ' Iti � F N 1 '•, , 4 •ti p , ,, ., I 1a} 1"P I I ■ . `1 7 I II I. � R I' Ili 4 phicaliewesl • • r ill 4 4, \ . I 8 • 10 Skil or it 1 n , _ _ I. . _ . • • F tit II ; S 1 I I '.' - ' '1' I , 1 I I , 1 I , • [. f I :I1 f I .I , , • ! I '} J '1. I J ' L • '•I 11 ' I' 1 1 1 I/ 1 I 1 •r I 1 ' 1 I. • 1 I ,1 •. 11 - I ' • , c •Y , • .. I{ t L • r • 1 IAll.)! S '�. ,'ttir 1.rf ' .,,.I r 4 ,. • . , - ' (1 1 4 141 . F M ,a1,;%,„-W,..-:4 1 • . . - �I R+•4 -�� -�, iti ✓l 4 x43 ��f f l3, fK•T�.1l 1 .L ,. .fT� \rlYI,r ,I.iyJ ' _ I � r f. - ti 1 II ( , I I .tea 4 Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. ,, 40° 26' 30" N I H I I I I I I. 40° 26' 30" N 529100 529200 529300 529400 529500 529600 529700 529800 •j in Map Scale: 1IN :4,720 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. 7)0 cn m ' Meters S N 0 50 100 200 300 3 Feet 0 200 400 800 1200 Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84 .',\` M Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 6/5/2023 skis Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 4 Hydrologic Soil Group—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AO!) ® C The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at Area of Interest (AOI ) 1 : 24 ,000 . 0 C/D Soils0 D Warning : Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Soil Rating Polygons A O Not rated or not available Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil A/D Water Features line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of Streams and Canals contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed B scale . Transportation B/D Rails Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map C Interstate Highways measurements. C/D US Routes Source of Map : Natural Resources Conservation Service D Web Soil Survey URL : Major Roads Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG :3857) Not rated or not available Local Roads Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator Soil Rating Lines Background projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts * A distance and area . A projection that preserves area , such as the mew Aerial Photography Albers equal-area conic projection , should be used if more A/D accurate calculations of distance or area are required . kaws B This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as BID of the version date(s) listed below. HoeC Soil Survey Area: Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Survey Area Data : Version 21 , Sep 1 , 2022 C/D Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales kipii D 1 : 50 ,000 or larger. ise Not rated or not available Date(s) aerial images were photographed : Jun 8, 2021 —Jun 12, 2021 Soil Rating Points A The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background ® A/D imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor B shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. 0 B/D Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 6/5/2023 aa Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 4 Hydrologic Soil Group—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Hydrologic Soil Group Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 21 Dacono clay loam , 0 to C 34. 5 100 .0% 1 percent slopes Totals for Area of Interest 34. 5 100.0% Description Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential . Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation , are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms . The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B , C , and D ) and three dual classes (A/D , BID , and C/D ) . The groups are defined as follows : Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential ) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep , well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands . These soils have a high rate of water transmission . Group B . Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep , moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture . These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission . Group C . Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture . These soils have a slow rate of water transmission . Group D . Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential ) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential , soils that have a high water table , soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface , and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material . These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission . If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D , BID , or C/D ) , the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas . Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes . Rating Options Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 6/5/2023 Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 4 Hydrologic Soil Group—Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Tie-break Rule: Higher Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 6/5/2023 Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 4 of 4 Exhibit 3 — NOAA Rainfall Data 6/5/23, 10:59 AM Precipitation Frequency Data Server NOAA Atlas 14, Volume 8, Version 2 Sto ` °f co *� Location name: Greeley, Colorado, USA* IF nun L• atitude : 40.4465°, Longitude : -104.6527° F } ; 4km r me`` Elevation : 4679 ft** a 1 4 4) L-:-- *�w� * source: ESRI Maps ` '.11, }- Sr'" °fr source: USGS Fry iO1 - POINT PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY ESTIMATES Sanja Perica, Deborah Martin, Sandra Pavlovic, Ishani Roy, Michael St. Laurent, Carl Trypaluk, Dale Unruh, Michael Yekta, Geoffery Bonnin NOAA, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland PF tabular I PF graphical I Maps &_aerials PF tabular PDS-based point precipitation frequency estimates with 90% confidence intervals (in inches)1 Average recurrence interval (years) Duration — — - 1 2 5 10 25 50 100 200 I 500 1000 5-min 0.243 0.293 0.390 0.483 0.630 0.758 0.900 1 .06 1 .28 1 .47 _i (0.201 -0.296) (0.242-0.358) (0.321 -0.477) (0.394-0.595) (0.500-0.832) (0.581 -1 .01 ) (0.658-1 .24) (0.732-1 .50) (0.846-1 .88) (0.933-2. 16) 10-min 0.355 I 0.430 0.571 0.707 0.922 1 . 11 1 .32 1 .55 1 .88 2. 16 j (0.294-0.433) (0.355-0.524)i (0.470-0.699) (0.577-0.871 ) (0.733-1 .22) (0.850-1 .48) (0.963-1 .81 ), (1 .07-2 . 19) (1 .24-2 .75) (1 .37-3. 17) 15-min 0.433 0.524 0.696 0.862 1 .12 I 1 .35 1 .61 1 .89 2.29 2.63 (0.359-0.528) (0.433-0.639) (0.573-0.853) (0.704-1 .06) (0.893-1 .48) ' (1 .04-1 .81 ) (1 .18-2.20) (1 .31 -2.67) (1 .51 -3.35) (1 .66-3.86) 30-min 0.584 0.704 0.935 1 . 16 I 1 .51 1 .83 2. 17 2.55 3. 11 3. 57 (0.483-0.712) (0.582-0.860) (0.770-1 . 15) l (0.947-1 .43) (1 .20-2.00) (1 .40-2.44) (1 .59-2.98) (1 .77-3.62) (2.05-4.54) (2.26-5.24) 60-min 0.726 0.865 1 . 14 1 .42 1 .87 2.27 2.72 1 3.22 3.97 4.59 (0.601 -0.88.5) (0.715-1 .06) (0.940-1 .40) (1 . 16-1 .75) (1 .49-2 .48) (1 .74-3.04) (1 .99-3.75) (2 .24-4.58) (2 .62-5.81 ) (2.90-6.73) 2-hr 0.868 I 1 .03 1 .35 1 .68 2.22 2.72 3.27 3.90 4.82 5. 60 (0.723-1 .05) (0.853-1 .24) (1 . 12-1 .64) (1 .38-2.05) (1 .79-2 .94) (2. 10-3.62) (2.42-4.48) (2 .73-5.50) (3.22-7.00) (3.58-8. 15) 3-hr 0.951 1 .11 1 .45 1 .81 2.40 2.94 3.56 4.26 5.29 6. 16 _ (0.795-1 . 14) (0.929-1 .34) (1 .21 -1 .76) (1 .49-2.20) I (1 .95-3. 17) (2.29-3.91 ) (2.65-4.85) (3.00-5.98) (3.55-7.65) (3.97-8.92) 6-hr 1 .08 ! 1 .29 1 .69 2. 10 I 2.75 3.33 3.98 4.71 5.79 6.68 (0.912-1 .30) (1 .08-1 .54) (1 .42-2 .03) i (1 .74-2.53) I (2 .24-3.57) (2.61 -4.36) (2.98-5.36) (3.35-6.54) (3.92-8.26) (4.34-9.57) i 12-hr 1 .26 1 .51 1 .98 2.41 ° 3.09 3.68 4.32 5.03 6.05 6.89 (1 .07-1 .50) (1 .28-1 .80) (1 .66-2 .35) (2 .02-2.89) (2 .52-3.94) (2.90-4.74) (3.26-5.73) (3.60-6.87) (4. 13-8.52) (4.52-9.77) I 1 .51 1 .77 2.26 2.71 3.41 4.01 4.66 5.38 6.41 7.25 24-hr (1 .29-1 .77) (1 .51 -2.09) (1 .92-2.67) (2.29-3.22) (2.80-4.30) (3. 18-5.11 ) (3.54-6. 11 ) (3.88-7.27) (4.41 -8.93) (4.81 -10.2) 2-day 1 .74 2.04 2.58 3.07 I 3.80 4.41 5.05 5.75 6.74 I 7. 54 _I (1 .50-2.03) i (1 .76-2.39) (2.21 -3.02) (2.61 -3.61 ) (3. 12-4.71 ) (3.51 -5.54) (3.87-6.53) (4. 19-7.67) (4.68-9.27) (5.06-10.5) r 3-day 1 .91 I 2.21 2.75 i 3.24 r 3.98 4.59 5.25 5.95 6.95 7.76 ( 1 .65-2 .21 ) (1 .91 -2.57) (2.36-3.21 ) (2 .77-3.80) (3.29-4.90) (3.68-5.74) (4.03-6.74) (4.36-7.89) (4.86-9.50) (5.24-10.7) 4-day 2.03 2.35 2.90 3.40 4. 14 4.76 5.42 6. 12 7. 12 7.92 i (1 .76-2.35) (2.03-2.72) (2.50-3.37) (2.91 -3.97) (3.43-5.08) (3.83-5.92) (4.18-6.93) (4.50-8.08) (5.00-9.69) (5.38-10.9)_ 7-da 2.30 I 2.69 3.33 3.89 I 4.68 5.31 5.96 6.64 7.56 8.28 y___i (2.00-2.64) I (2.34-3.09) (2.89-3.84) 1 (3.34-4.51 ) (3.88-5.65) 1 (4.28-6.51 ) (4.62-7.52) (4.90-8.64) (5.34-10.2) (5.67-11 .3) 2.54 ° 2.98 3.70 4.30 ° 5. 13 d 5.77 6.42 7.07 7.95 8. 61 ° 10-day (2.22-2 .90) (2 .60-3.41 ) (3.21 -4.25) (3.71 -4.96) (4.25-6. 13) (4.66-7.02) (4.98-8.02) (5.24-9. 13) (5.63-10.6) (5.93-11 .7) 20-day 3.25 3.77 4.60 5.28 6. 19 6.88 7.55 8.21 9.07 1 9.71 (2.86-3.69) (3.31 -4.28) (4.03-5.24) (4.59-6.04) (5. 16-7.30) (5.60-8.25) (5.91 -9.32) (6.13-10.5) (6.49-11 .9) (6.76-13.0) 30-day 3.83 4.41 5.33 6.07 7.06 7.79 8.51 9.21 10.1 10.7 (3.38-4.32) (3.89-4.98) (4.68-6.04) (5.30-6.91 ) (5.91 -8.27) (6.37-9.30) (6.70-10.4) (6.92-11 .6) (7.27-13.2) (7.53-14.4) 45-day 4.52 ° 5.20 6.26 f 7. 11 I 8.22 9.04 9.82 10.6 11 .5 12.2 (4.01 -5.08) (4.60-5.84) (5.53-7.06) (6.24-8.05) (6.91 -9.56) (7.42-10.7) (7.76-12.0) (7.98-13.3) (8.33-14.9) (8.59-16.2) 60-day 5.08 5.86 7.07 8.03 9.28 10.2 11 .0 11 .8 12.8 13.5 (4.52-5.68) (5.21 -6.56) (6.26-7.95) (7.07-9.07) (7.81 -10.7) (8.38-12.0) (8.74-13.3) (8.96-14.8) (9.30-16.5) (9.56-17.8) 1 Precipitation frequency (PF) estimates in this table are based on frequency analysis of partial duration series (PDS). Numbers in parenthesis are PF estimates at lower and upper bounds of the 90% confidence interval . The probability that precipitation frequency estimates (for a given duration and average recurrence interval) will be greater than the upper bound (or less than the lower bound) is 5%. Estimates at upper bounds are not checked against probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates and may be higher than currently valid PMP values. Please refer to NOAA Atlas 14 document for more information . 5 Back to Top PF graphical https://hdsc. nws . noaa. gov/pfds/pfds_printpage. html?Iat=40.4465&Ion=-104 .6527&data=depth&units=english&series=pds 1 /4 6/5/23, 10:59 AM Precipitation Frequency Data Server IDS-based depth-duration-frequency ( DDF) curves Latitude : 40.465 a Longitude: 404. 6527'x' 14 i 1 Average recurrence interval 12 (years) 110 _ 1 2_ads/Jai 8 - . ros000,000.Hiespreirre o — 25 O iiiillintill/..#"Irr tiler n a) _asol......."Cli e - 200 7 500 2 — 1000 0 1 I I I I 1 t 1 I 1 I I I t E E y I 141 rrr'l 6 r 4 -� -a 7 :� 77 y I IIri 1 -I c ! A I i �s ma . co LA L 0 6 - ni f'"s,l r7 4 N 0 6 in�1 0 i-1 6-1 r ! to Duration, 1=Arri 14 7-- i 12 - a. , Duration r_, I 3 �. 5-c In 2 -day - — 10Hmm — 3 -day 'i 6 - - 1 ini — day tv _ � r — 30-min — 7-day Li 60-min — 10-day aj 6. — 2-hr — 20-day 2 _= -------- me — -hr — 30-day asommemisaimmiamee 841 r 45-day -_ - - _1 — 12-hr — -far. 0 - i I i I I — 24-hr 1 2 5 10 25 50 100 200 500 10O0 Average recurrence interval (years) MOM Atlas 14, Volume 8, Version 2 Created (GMT): Mon Jun 5 16:59 :45 2023 Back to Top Maps & aerials Small scale terrain https://hdsc. nws . noaa. gov/pfds/pfds_printpage. html?Iat=40.4465&Ion=-104 .6527&data=depth&units=english&series=pds 2/4 6/5/23, 10:59 AM Precipitation Frequency Data Server \ 'S e-J Li j Lucerne , -----7--,==z-r__ ,__ "hi I\ 'lls\T: I 1 PLEAIANT VALLEY --#.____ 1P EL_0! C ii Y A iRPOR i -ire eI� - ---_ _ —ea 3km _�'_ _ 'ink� �', `' 4�ID I r 2mi ca. ' Fl T ii • Large scale terrain t las r rev 0 ea • -1-;- , H Cheyenne - . -7.-. . . 0 1=1 FortCcill ins I - . . I ey Ling Peak I -134.5 in • • Longmont B ouIcIer v ,. - ,, Denver U i II . 1 1- I t . . .- itriefel-i4 .2; ; 100km .1- ,rWf l7N ,. 60mi --- �- - - - nr cce- -4-ir- Large scale map 'I ar Ch enrr e T Fort ccihi s i M . rfy-ytlleY A. 1its '.' - It/ Longmont _` Boulder O er ' .. ---‘ err - `ter' TO 100km { \_ illirl 60mi (. \\>rr Large scale aerial https://hdsc. nws . noaa. gov/pfds/pfds_printpage. html?Iat=40.4465&Ion=-104 .6527&data=depth&units=english&series=pds 3/4 6/5/23, 10:59 AM Precipitation Frequency Data Server i ;- - - p 1. ..i. l *-., ' i-tr ej4t; s ' • c r, r - _ L.A. r- 1 10. ' - ' ' IN'--t y Liza.Jai _ • : 7/A‘ t - :.-7-21.it it T y il I ' its 'ti : j;C-- or * jti - - . r 100km , T--- 1, 6it 0mi , • _ Back to Top US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service National Water Center 1325 East West Highway Silver Spring , MD 20910 Questions?: HDSC.Questions@noaa.gov Disclaimer https://hdsc. nws . noaa. gov/pfds/pfds_printpage. html?Iat=40.4465&Ion=-104 .6527&data=depth&units=english&series=pds 4/4 Exhibit 4 — Pre - Development Drainage Area Map . � ' � I ! � � �' w � . . � � � I � NORTH o I . I I . . ` I � I m I I I ` �; I I GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET . I 0 75 150 300 • • . . . . . . . . - - - - - - � - - - - - - � . � � . . . . . . . . . y - C0UNTY R0AD 64 � - _ � _ --r- � - - -- � . . . . . . . . . _I- ' z ' �_ '' w' I O — o � . � ° — —�— — — — -- -- — —= v� .�� I , . . � ; j ? I I I I � ' ` \ ��'° `� � � � o . \ � � � �V � I ' ' � �, • • , � � ll ' `�ti � , �� .� . � � � . � � o - , ��, � , � a � I U � � � / � � � ` � ��`� . � � � � ' \ �� a I � . � I �.��`� \ ��` , � '� � � . o . . . I `� ', , � � � � � . Z � � N o � � � z _ � � o � � � � � � � � ��,� �� V � � � , . � � � , � �"� ',� � w i I � , � - � ,�� - � � Y , � o . . . �� ( ��V � � • — — PROPERTY BOUNDARY � � � �� V � � "� �`, � �� w z � I � V � � J • I � ��. � � ' . ' VI' „ a . I.� • � � � � �� A � � � � � PRE CONDITIONS SUB - BASIN (p Q � � �V � ' � � O � � I , � _ � � i � � � � �� ! � EX . EASEMENT � � ' � z ` � � J w 3 • , / j'�\ \ � . w I/ m Y/ �� .,. .. \ \ \I � � U a � ! ° , . \ � � � �, � EX . SITE SETBACK _ � o \� � o Q � z ��1 � � �� \\ �, � � ( �� EX . UNDERGROUND GAS LINE � \ , � a a ' . I / I _ , �' � EX . UNDERGR0UND WATER LINE � �� 0 � , o I I � DA-01 \ ` \ . . � a ' � s. ao z.o� \ I / �� \ \ EX . BARB WIRE FENCE � I � N �l� � ( � I �� , � _ � � , , . J • o ' , , EX . OVERHEAD WIRE Y � � � \ � � � m � � � �,,�;�:> — '� � � EX . FIBER 0PTIC LINE z . � a I I , � U F \ I , f EX . UTILITY P0LE _ a W O Z a o • a o � � � o I � I o � — EX . FL0W PATH � o \ �V�R I , Q N N �, EX . CONTOURS U � o O I � N � � � � � (n O N � � Q .-. a \\ / �oq \ I / ` EX . SL0PE LABEL � p � � V/ W �., � � p � p � � 3 I I EX . ASPHALT ROAD Q � � � • ,I � z — N o \ I � � F � (n N 3 I I' O . � _ � � � Z • • U' SUB - BASIN � � w � I � � XX IDENTIFICATI0N w � a o � IMPERVI0USNESS J ~ � � o �' ' xx xx DRAINAGE AREA ( ACRES ) Y = o o I , I \ � � U w � � � � � � � � DA-02 �� `� a N � � � I te.� z.os: -\ � ' / ` � �11 � O N a� � � a ' ` � # DESIGN POINT � a I \ DESIGNED BY: JCH � o � DRAWN BY: JCH � a ` CHECKED BY: AJH � � I � DATE : 06 /16 /23 � � � o � ��'r No ��' I i�° � � a \ � a , � \� s,� � � a I �o ` 1 V O 1 � V � 3 � w � �� I • 1 . THIS DRAINAGE MAP AND THE INF0RMATI0N C0NTAINED WITHIN IN � ASS0CIATI0N WITH CL0UDBREAK ENERGY PARTNERS , LLC . DRAINAGE � Q ;,� • II NARRATIVE AND USE BY THE SPECIAL REVIEW PLANS . � � DA-03 \ • � � = Z w , z.4 Z.ox I 2 . WITH REFERENCE T0 THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT � O W �o . I. AGENCY ( FEMA ) FL00D INSURANCE RATE MAP ( FIRM ) , MAP NUMBER � � a • 08123C1535E , THERE ARE N0 FL00DPLAINS WITHIN THE LIMITS 0F O Q w Q w� o I I THE PR0JECT SITE . J �/ - z � � . I. > — �la , . U � w Q � I � , � � � � I. � J o � w � a w � I � � Q z � w � z � ( . Q � UO Q � � • J z w � � z � o _ - C) � o � ,� !� O � cn � w . o . � � � � � � �? � �� . � m � � o I . � o � � � \�,9 • w J � Z X � � �° �� w w � O w � � � N � �I o � /� I � ' I LL � ow v � � � . � U � � /Z I I � � Z °' a I . Z N � Ua Z I � a = • • • . . . . . . . . / � . . . , v ' . . �„ - -�- ---- -�- �I � • . . . . . . ' . �o - - - - - - - - � �-+� - . _ - - � ' - -. . -- -- . . . ' - - . . --. - - � . ' . . . . . O w ' S � O a I� � �� ' . � � � (O ? . . � _ �' �1 � �� I � o � ��I �' � I I I I F0R REVIEW 0NLY �I I � a I I � . ,, ; � I� ��L j l�i ' � N O T F O R � w � � I�� I CONSTRUCTION � o I ( I ! � III�I �r l l� _ • • o w � . �� i� � _ _ _ _ _ Kimley »> Horn � � ' I ; .�� I � II��II � — � � I Kimley-HornantlAssociates, lnc. /= I I ( ' � =LJ / L ~ � i ' PR0JECT N0 . o w • . . I , / I 196664001 %w I I ' � � DRAWING NAME •� o I — � __. - . -�� -I � - _-�: . . � I � <.� . - . U � _ - - � Z z � � I I �� - - �' r - . o � ��`� �� . � � � � ��` � 0 W V ��''""J ''" �' "' �� ,4.f �� .; � � � . � ,, : , . . _ EX-4 Y � Exhibit 5 — Post- Development Drainage Area Map . � I a i . � � � a � . . � — � � � I I � . NORTH Q . I I ,: , . � . I r I I I I I I . m I GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET 0 75 150 300 - • • - • . . . . - - - - - - � - - - � - - - -� - � � � � — . . . . . . . — . . i - -- COUNTYROAD 64 -- _ — _ � —� —�— . _ __ . . . . . . , — . . . . � � � �t-�-� . � _w i • = I Z „ � . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - 1i- - - ° - - - - \� —�`T\ - - - - - - - - - - - ---, . o , � I I I I I ;, �, \ � \\ � � � � �n ' � , b� � � 11 ; �\ � �� . . a � / I � �j � � �� , °' ,� � � � � � � �� II � o � � , ,, � � , � . � � , � � - a ( — . � � � � �� . . �, A � 1� ; � �., � �,� � � ' � ' - ' � ' � � � � , � � � �� . . � � 2 � � � , � � � � '�� I � � � � . . � �� . `, '� , �.� � .. ., Z o � . � � � � � �. �" �, �� V �� ' � . � � � � . � _ =�- , � � � �� " . _ . _ . � ��` � ` ( '� ��, ''� �V � • - - PROPERTY BOUNDARY Y � o �� . , � � � � � \ � w � � � � � � � �� WZ , � �� , ` � � � a • I ' � � � � ,� �� \ � � � � � PRE CONDITIONS SUB - BASIN m Q � � .. .: . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � ,� � I I I I I I I � � � �� I X X X \ � \ �� ` EX. EASEMENT ' � � ' X � � A, � � �, � ; � � � � m � � , � �� V I� � ' �� '� , V � � � o �;�, � ;�� EX. SITE SETBACK 6 � � . �� - N � �� • . ? �° � � '� ��' �' � \ �. � �� EX. UNDERGROUND GAS LINE �, � � � � . � X �� ` � � . . - - _ � , - � , " � � � ��, �� /��1 �� QI I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I 1 i I - - ' _ V � � X I a � � � � , � � � _ , _ — � _� ,;� , o �� , - '� v � �� o � � , � � � Z� �- � � EX. UNDERGROUND WATER LINE � � � � DA-01 � � \ , � �, �� s.� �.�� / � � � �� EX . BARB WIRE FENCE � o - - - - � � � ,, A � �� _ � � I � � � � \ � �, � � ►� � � • - -- � . EX . OVERHEAD WIRE WJ � ' \ � � . � I D i � � x X � I � I \ � � r ' ` �' EX . FIBER OPTIC LINE m • . � a I I � , + Li F \ a � � EX . UTILITY POLE Z < O o — � , a \� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � i�� . • �- . � � Q I � , — EX . FLOW PATH � M o x I . . . . . . . . . . . . \ a cv F � •� � � � - N a � � � � � � � � � � � � x _ EX . CONTOURS v � � I � � O N _ � N zV� . . . . , , , . , . - . . . . . � - _ , EX . SLOPE LABEL � Q p o � I I I ' EX. ASPHALT ROAD a w v � � 'I O` � Z ~ N � I I " �� v ,• : .� o �, O � � a� _ � � — • f ° ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT � I w o � I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � � � � � _ - PADS w � � o . I W -- _ - � J � � � � o Z I • I � X — - ' �C-- — � UTILITY POLE M = o � U � � X � - N � " � ' �A-o 2 � � � ' � � P R O P O S E D P E R M A N E N T & T E M P O R A R Y � � a� � � I � � - , ,s.� 2.ez . : _ . : ' . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRAILERS ' QN a�i � . �" � PROPOSED 15 GRAVEL � � � o ACCESS DRIVEWAY Na I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � DESIGNED BY: JCH � � � � PROPOSED SUB - BASIN r� o • � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� '� • ' XX IDENTIFICATION DRAWN BY: JCH cva x ''`? 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' AGENCY ( FEMA ) FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP ( FIRM ) , MAP NUMBER � 0 J � � N " " " " " " " " ' " " " " ' � 08123C1535E, THERE ARE NO FLOODPLAINS WITHIN THE LIMITS OF � z Q � I � �I ', THE PROJECT SITE. � a O z � . `', I . a � w � � Z � Z Q � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � V � o s � ,�. II O � � � � W � � � . . . . . . ; �z � � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . � � cn o m � NN I . � o � - � � w z � � Q . - - - - . - . . - - � - - . - . . - - - - . w J � wN � � � � - -- = X - X �� ww � ° N � g nI � � /r I I I I I I I I I I I 1 i I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � • I '��` a � � I � U p U �n - � a I II � � � z . Z �° W � . — . . . . — . . . 3 X X 2 � I Q � _ �- . . . . . � �� . . . . � � — � . . . . . — . . — . . . . . — . . . — . . . . _ � rW ' - - - - - - - - - - DRAINAGE CANAL - - - - - ' — ' ' ' — ' ' • J � O W I I _ � - - - - _ - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' . O a I � y �,� _ ' � � ' . � • � z (Dc? ' • �� rno � `, �� -� �� II,� FOR REVIEW ONLY �a � � �� , � �� '� �I � � N0T F0R ° a ; � I��I� , ; '� � � I � C0NSTRUCTI0N � LU I I I - - � IIIII I Ilil' � o � �� ,,� � I � ��, , _ _ _ _ _ � Kimley >» Horn o w � � � ��' i� , ii� �!i, i - — — — — � � Kimley-Horn antl Associates, Inc. c� � I I I ; � _ ,�, �� — . � � I PROJECT N0 . � = I 196664001 /� I I I • o , DRAWING NAME > H . i I . _ � . -}:� . -- � �"^r., -.: � W I . I �� f . , ., . . � I I � � w � � � � � [` � o � � _, _� _ _ � � �N EX- 5 . , , �, � . i � , ; . �, , . . _ Y � Exhibit 6 — Hydrologic Calculations Kimley ) Horn _ STANDARD FORM SF 1 RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS - IMPERVIOUS CALCULATION - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME : Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar 6/15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH TYPE C SOIL PAVED/ VEGETATED BUILDING FUTURE IMPERVIOUS GRAVEL OPEN SPACE ROOF COMMERCIAL LAND USE : AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA 2-YEAR COEFF. 0. 83 0. 30 0.01 0. 74 0. 69 5 -YEAR COEFF. 0. 86 0. 36 0.05 0. 77 0. 73 100-YEAR COEFF. 0. 88 0.64 0.49 0. 84 0. 82 IMPERVIOUS % 100% 40% 2 % 90% 85% PAVED/ VEGETATED BUILDING FUTURE IMPERVIOUS GRAVEL OPEN SPACE ROOF COMMERCIAL TOTAL DESIGN DESIGN AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA BASIN POINT (AC) (AC) (AC) (AC) (AC) (AC) Cc(2) Cc(5) Cc( 100) Imp % On-Site Basins PRE-DA-01 1 5 .40 5.40 0.01 _ 0 .05 0.49 2 .0% PRE-DA-02 2 16. 72 16.72 0.01 0 .05 0.49 2 . 0% PRE-DA-03 3 12 .41 12.41 0.01 0 .05 0.49 2 . 0% BASIN 0.00 0.00 34.53 0.00 0.00 34.53 0.01 0 .05 0.49 2 . 0% SUBTOTAL 0 % 0 % 100% 0 % 0% 100% Kimley >>) H am STANDARD FORM SF-2 TIME OF CONCENTRATION - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME : Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar DATE : 6/15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH SUB-BASIN INITIAL TRAVEL TIME Tc CHECK FINAL DATA TIME (T) at) (URBANIZED BASINS) Tc DESIGN AREA C5 LENGTH SLOPE Ti LENGTH SLOPE C, Land Surface VEL Tt COMP. TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Tc C2 C5 C100 BASIN Ac Ft % min. Ft. % fps Min. tc LENGTH SLOPE IMP. Min. Min. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) On-Site Basins PRE-DA-01 5 .400 0 .05 500 0. 5 % 53 .5 923 0.4% 5 .0 Tillage/Field 0. 3 49 .3 102 . 7 1423 0 .4% 2% 64.4 64.4 0.01 0.05 0.49 PRE-DA-02 16.720 0. 05 500 0.4% 59 .9 1 ,915 0.4% 5 . 0 Tillage/Field 0. 3 107 .9 167 . 8 2415 0.4% 2% 98 . 5 98 . 5 0. 01 0. 05 0.49 PRE-DA-03 12 .410 0. 05 500 0.3 % 62.2 1 ,707 0.2% 5 . 0 Tillage/Field 0.2 116. 1 178 .4 2207 0. 3% 2% 103 . 3 103 .3 0. 01 0. 05 0.49 - 0 ..39501 . 1 - Cj WE I ' `i i i . = - l Fin * STANDARD FORM SF-3 Kimley >>> Horn STORM DRAINAGE DESIGN - RATIONAL METHOD 100 YEAR EVENT - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME : Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar DATE : 6/15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 P1 (1 -Hour Rainfall) = 2.72 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH DIRECT RUNOFF TOTAL RUNOFF STREET PIPE TRAVEL TIME REMARKS 4 N Z 4 cl!r w ^y c� _ ^ w tc, w i--i oa (44 Imi $.4' c7 C 0 c: g eia4 S -.P5,w0 w � C 40C •z as E � �,cA •z orb ow gown coN 4 � a � '� E (1) (2) (3) (4) i (5) 1 (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) 1 (22) On-Site Basins 1 PRE-DA-01 5 .40 0.49 64. 38 2 . 66 2.62 6. 96 2 PRE-DA-02 16. 72 0.49 98 . 54 8 .23 1 .95 16.02 3 PRE-DA-03 12 .41 0.49 103 .34 6. 11 1 . 88 11 .49 Total 34. 53 34.47 Kimley *) Horr STANDARD FORM SF- 1 RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS - IMPERVIOUS CALCULATION - POST-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME: Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar 6/ 15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH TYPE C SOIL PAVED/ VEGETATED BUILDING FUTURE IMPERVIOUS GRAVEL OPEN SPACE ROOF COMMERCIAL LAND USE: AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA 2-YEAR COEFF. 0 . 83 0. 30 I 0. 01 0. 74 0 .69 5 -YEAR COEFF. 0 . 86 0. 36 0. 05 0. 77 0 .73 100-YEAR COEFF. 0. 88 0.64 0.49 0. 84 0. 82 IMPERVIOUS % 100% 40% 2% 90% 85% PAVED/ VEGETATED BUILDING FUTURE IMPERVIOUS GRAVEL OPEN SPACE ROOF COMMERCIAL TOTAL DESIGN DESIGN AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA BASIN i POINT (AC) (AC) (AC) _ (AC) _ (AC) _ (AC) Cc(2) Cc(5 ) Cc( 100) Imp % On-Site Basins POST-DA-01 1 0 .07 5 .33 5.40 0 .01 0.06 0.49 2 . 5% POST-DA-02 2 0.06 0.20 16. 46 16.72 0 .02 0.06 0. 50 2 . 8% POST-DA-03 3 0.00 0. 08 12 . 33 12.41 0 .01 0.05 0.49 2.2% BASIN 0.06 0.35 34. 12 0.00 0.00 34.53 0 .01 0.06 0.49 2 .6% SUBTOTAL 0 % 1 % 99% 0% 0 % 100% Kimley >>) H am STANDARD FORM SF-2 TIME OF CONCENTRATION - POST-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME : Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar DATE : 6/15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH SUB-BASIN INITIAL TRAVEL TIME Tc CHECK FINAL DATA TIME (T) at) (URBANIZED BASINS) Tc DESIGN AREA C5 LENGTH SLOPE Ti LENGTH SLOPE C, Land Surface VEL Tt COMP. TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Tc C2 C5 C100 BASIN Ac Ft % min. Ft. % fps Min. tc LENGTH SLOPE IMP. Min. Min. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) On-Site Basins POST-DA-01 5 .400 0. 06 500 0. 5 % 53 .3 923 0.4% 5 . 0 Tillage/Field 0. 3 49 . 3 102 . 5 1423 0.4% 2% 64. 0 64.0 0. 01 0 .06 0.49 POST-DA-02 16.720 0.06 500 0.4% 59 . 5 1 ,915 0.4% 5 . 0 Tillage/Field 0. 3 107 .9 167.4 2415 0.4% 3 % 97 . 5 97 . 5 0. 02 0 .06 0. 50 POST-DA-03 12 .410 0.05 500 0.3 % 62 . 1 1 ,707 0.2% 5 . 0 Tillage/Field 0.2 116. 1 178.2 2207 0. 3 % 2% 103 .0 103 . 0 0. 01 0 .05 0.49 = brIE �' i :. = ( 26 17i) + u13 r 0., , 6011 60( 14-it ),IK 0 - STANDARD FORM SF-3 Kimley > > Horn STORM DRAINAGE DESIGN - RATIONAL METHOD 100 YEAR EVENT - POST-CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NAME : Weld County - Cloudbreak - Sand Creek Solar DATE : 6/15/2023 PROJECT NUMBER: 196664001 P1 (1 -Hour Rainfall) = 2 .72 CALCULATED BY : BMD CHECKED BY : AJH DIRECT RUNOFF TOTAL RUNOFF STREET PIPE TRAVEL TIME REMARKS C ►--�4 P4 p � � C z p � •= C CE-P-z Cs 4 ed *) et •� .�4? - F- . co i ot a p p o �sti � Ni ci� A� Ca �,, �, 'Pi (1) (2) (3) I (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) 1 (19) I (20) (21) (22) On-Site Basins 1 POST-DA-01 5 .40 0.49 64. 01 2 . 67 2.63 7 . 02 2 POST-DA-02 16. 72 0. 50 97 . 53 8 .28 1 .96 16 .24 3 POST-DA-03 12 .41 0.49 103 . 01 6. 12 1 . 89 11 . 54 Total 34. 53 34. 80 Exhibit 7 — Hydrologic Response of Solar Farms Hydrologic Response of Solar Farms Lauren M . Cook, S . M .ASCE1 ; and Richard H . McCuen , M .ASCE2 Abstract: Because of the benefits of solar energy, the number of solar farms is increasing; however, their hydrologic impacts have not been studied. The goal of this study was to determine the hydrologic effects of solar farms and examine whether or not storm-water management is I needed to control runoff volumes and rates. A model of a solar farm was used to simulate runoff for two conditions : the pre- and postpaneled t. conditions. Using sensitivity analyses, modeling showed that the solar panels themselves did not have a significant effect on the runoff fit volumes, peaks, or times to peak. However, if the ground cover under the panels is gravel or bare ground, owing to design decisions or lack of maintenance, the peak discharge may increase significantly with storm-water management needed. In addition, the kinetic energy O; of the flow that drains from the panels was found to be greater than that of the rainfall, which could cause erosion at the base of the panels. o Thus, it is recommended that the grass beneath the panels be well maintained or that a buffer strip be placed after the most downgradient row of panels. This study, along with design recommendations, can be used as a guide for the future design of solar farms. DOE 10.1061/(ASCE) o HE.1943-5584.0000530. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. L 0, CE Database subject headings : Hydrology; Land use; Solar power; Floods; Surface water; Runoff; Stormwater management. 5 Author keywords: Hydrology; Land use change; Solar energy; Flooding; Surface water runoff; Storm-water management. Ygyp g g c.) to Introduction draining from the edge of the panels is sufficient to cause erosion O of the soil below the panels, especially where the maintenance c5 Storm-water management practices are generally implemented to roadways are bare ground. lei reverse the effects of land-cover changes that cause increases in The outcome of this study provides guidance for assessing the Ovolumes and rates of runoff. This is a concern posed for new types hydrologic effects of solar farms, which is important to those who 0 of land-cover change such as the solar farm. Solar energy is a re- plan, design, and install arrays of solar panels. Those who design O newable energy source that is expected to increase in importance in p p solar farms may need to provide for storm-water management. This jthe near future. Because solar farms require considerable land, it is study investigated the hydrologic effects of solar farms, assessed 1 necessary to understand the design of solar farms and their potential whether or not storm-water management might be needed, and c4 effect on erosion rates and storm runoff, especially the impact on if the velocity of the runoff from the panels could be sufficient offsite properties and receiving streams. These farms can vary in to cause erosion of the soil below the panels. C) size from 8 ha (20 acres) in residential areas to 250 ha (600 acres) o in areas where land is abundant. The solar panels are impervious to rain water; however, they are Model Development o mounted on metal rods and placed over pervious land. In some 4-1 cases, the area below the panel is paved or covered with gravel. Solar farms are generally designed to maximize the amount of en- g Y g Service roads are generally located between rows of panels. Altl- ergy produced per unit of land area, while still allowing space for hough some panels are stationary, others are designed to move so maintenance. The hydrologic response of solar farms is not usually - that the angle of the panel varies with the angle of the sun. The considered in design. Typically, the panels will be arrayed in long Po 5 angle can range, depending on the latitude, from 22° during the rows with separations between the rows to allow for maintenance csummer months to 74° during the winter months. In addition, vehicles. To model a typical layout, a unit width of one panel was re 7)1 the angle and direction can also change throughout the day. The assumed, with the length of the downgradient strip depending on issue posed is whether or not these rows of impervious panels will the size of the farm. For example, a solar farm with 30 rows of 200 o change the runoff characteristics of the site, specifically increase panels each could be modeled as a strip of 30 panels with space runoff volumes or peak discharge rates. If the increases are hydro- between the panels for maintenance vehicles. Rainwater that drains logically significant, storm-water management facilities may be from the upper panel onto the ground will flow over the land under O needed. Additionally, it is possible that the velocity of water the 29 panels on the downgradient strip. Depending on the land Qcover, infiltration losses would be expected as the runoff flows Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, to the bottom of the slope. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3021 . To determine the effects that the solar panels have on runoff 2The Ben Dyer Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineer- characteristics, a model of a solar farm was developed. Runoff ing, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3021 (corresponding in the form of sheet flow without the addition of the solar panels author). E-mail: rhmccuen@ eng.umd.edu served as the prepaneled condition. The paneled condition assumed Note. This manuscript was submitted on August 12, 2010; approved on a downgradient series of cells with one solar panel per ground cell. October 20, 2011 ; published online on October 24, 2011 . Discussion period open until October 1 , 2013 ; separate discussions must be submitted for Each cell was separated into three sections: wet, dry, and spacer. individual papers. This paper is part of the Journal of Hydrologic Engi- The dry section is that portion directly underneath the solar neering, Vol. 18, No. 5, May 1, 2013. © ASCE, ISSN 1084-0699/2013/5- panel, unexposed directly to the rainfall. As the angle of the panel 536-541/$25.00. from the horizontal increases, more of the rain will fall directly onto 536 / JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . the ground; this section of the cell is referred to as the wet section. equal to the length of one horizontal solar panel, which was as- The spacer section is the area between the rows of panels used by sumed to be 3 .5 m. When a solar panel is horizontal, the dry section maintenance vehicles. Fig. 1 is an image of two solar panels and the length would equal 3 .5 m and the wet section length would be zero. spacer section allotted for maintenance vehicles. Fig. 2 is a sche- In the paneled condition, the dry section does not receive direct matic of the wet, dry, and spacer sections with their respective di- rainfall because the rain first falls onto the solar panel then drains mensions. In Fig. 1 , tracks from the vehicles are visible on what is onto the spacer section. However, the dry section does infiltrate modeled within as the spacer section. When the solar panel is hori- some of the runoff that comes from the upgradient wet section. zontal, then the length longitudinal to the direction that runoff will The wet section was modeled similar to the spacer section with rain occur is the length of the dry and wet sections combined. Runoff falling directly onto the section and assuming a constant loss rate. from a dry section drains onto the downgradient spacer section. For the presolar panel condition, the spacer and wet sections are Runoff from the spacer section flows to the wet section of the next modeled the same as in the paneled condition; however, the cell downgradient cell. Water that drains from a solar panel falls directly does not include a dry section. In the prepaneled condition, rain ell4 onto the spacer section of that cell. falls directly onto the entire cell. When modeling the prepaneled en The length of the spacer section is constant. During a storm condition, all cells receive rainfall at the same rate and are subject -a event, the loss rate was assumed constant for the 24-h storm be- to losses. All other conditions were assumed to remain the same cause a wet antecedent condition was assumed. The lengths of such that the prepaneled and paneled conditions can be compared. the wet and dry sections changed depending on the angle of the Rainfall was modeled after an natural resources conservation t service (NRCS) Type II Storm (McCuen 2005) because it is an ac- t solar panel. The total length of the wet and dry sections was set a) curate representation of actual storms of varying characteristics that are imbedded in intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves. For iof interest, dimensionless 0 t. n EA: _: .. _ each duration a hyetograph was devel- �" ��"�`� oped using a time increment of 12 s over the duration of the storm o (see Fig. 3)• The depth of rainfall that corresponds to each storm w -- _-__,--„-----%,,,------------_,-----r- - iTT"e7 ma nitude was then multi lied b the��o : :R - . - - _ : g p by vi e _ For a 2-h storm duration, depths of 40.6, 76 2, and 101 .6 mm were -c 4111 Illir---1 � ; r{ , j i • \�� `' used for the 2-, 25-, and 100-year events. The 2- and 6-h duration .� \ r y Y �� ` ��, 'a _ = hyetographs were developed using the center portion of the 24-h li o storm, with the rainfall depths established with the Baltimore _,A. v {. f 4. s; ` "` i ' F '' ° . IDF curve. The corresponding depths for a 6-h duration were 53.3 , 4, ITt ` Pin�r 'C ",} /tr. = r ) 106.7, and 132. 1 mm, respectively. These magnitudes were chosen , . c to give a range of storm conditions. O N ' N r 'r. •:•.--- { •• - '' • ' During each time increment, the depth of rain is multiplied by '0 . .1/214,74 -c,, 4 1 ' " ,w_ L I it i)' ' 1 ° r ,z ). , ; t`r • '` '}' E " ; ' the cell area to determine the volume of rain added to each section y :1\ ( , ) r t “iii. - ' r of each cell. This volume becomes the storage in each cell. Depend- ,.c , '., ♦ .i '� r )fi ';`mil y" Cs�ti • I •, y1 g r �1i , � � � , , rPt :�'i ,, p; ' ^'' ; • �. ,&,. 4 ��,`��1 ,f , _� '� � ' • : king on the soil group, a constant volume of losses was subtracted ` ` � % : t, ,r 1/4: 5 •' is .._;.k. . y`'r1',i" • M F N r' . ,V�('`c i�> ';` "t , , from the storage. The runoff velocity from a solar panel was calcu- >.'r �f -- . :14,:;);I,,,, j .•n.,----r. .- f t \1 - , t } ,r ti� Tr*� L2��: i. .'! ♦ i y. � � e 1 . Y k"1�� jLJ �1 1st � � 711 r � �Sr �x „ � t 'et, .-ice rI� � } � /, � . . . • . • • -`f , ' tiA`4 r.y •� 4' ' I - ?1r laced using Manning's equation, with the hydraulic radius for sheet Fig. 1 . Maintenance or "spacer" section between two rows of solar et flow assumed to equal the depth of the storage on the panel et panels (photo by John E. Showier, reprinted with permission) {Bedient and Huber 2002). Similar assumptions were made to com- pute the velocities in each section of the surface sections. 0 Direction of Flow ' riz to 0 cc:1 Lw Wet section et E 3.5 m - -' 0 A Dry section -ti 0 3 Ls Spacer section 4 m 5 m 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (min) Fig. 2. Wet, dry, and spacer sections of a single cell with lengths Lw, Ls, and Ld with the solar panel covering the dry section Fig. 3. Dimensionless hyetograph of 2-h Type II storm JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 / 537 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . Runoff from one section to the next and then to the next and the time to peak did not change. Therefore, the greater ground downgradient cell was routed using the continuity of mass. The slope did not significantly influence the response of the solar farm. routing coefficient depended on the depth of flow in storage and the velocity of runoff. Flow was routed from the wet section to the Soil Type dry section to the spacer section, with flow from the spacer section draining to the wet section of the next cell. Flow from the most The effect of soil type on the runoff was also examined. The soil downgradient cell was assumed to be the outflow. Discharge rates group was changed from B soil to C soil by varying the loss rate. As and volumes from the most downgradient cell were used for com- expected, owing to the higher loss rate for the C soil, the depths of parisons between the prepaneled and paneled conditions. runoff increased by approximately 7.5% with the C soil when com- pared with the volume for B soils. However, the runoff volume for the C soil condition only increased by 0. 17% from the prepaneled -6 Alternative Model Scenarios condition to the paneled condition. In comparison with the B soil, a I difference of 0.35 % in volume resulted between the two conditions. t. To assess the effects of the different variables, a section of 30 cells, Therefore, the soil group influenced the actual volumes and rates, fit each with a solar panel, was assumed for the base model. Each cell but not the relative effect of the paneled condition when compared was separated individually into wet, dry, and spacer sections. The to the prepaneled condition. — area had a total ground length of 225 m with a ground slope of 1 % and width of 5 m, which was the width of an average solar panel. Panel Angle 0 The roughness coefficient (Engman 1986) for the silicon solar panel was assumed to be that of glass, 0.01 . Roughness coefficients Because runoff velocities increase with slope, the effect of the angle 0 of 0. 15 for grass and 0.02 for bare ground were also assumed. Loss of the solar panel on the hydrologic response was examined. Analy- L rates of 0.5715 cm/h (0.225 in. /h) and 0.254 cm/h (0. 1 in. /h) for ses were made for angles of 30° and 70° to test an average range �O.4B and C soils, respectively, were assumed. from winter to summer. The hydrologic response for these angles 0 The prepaneled condition using the 2-h, 25-year rainfall was was compared to that of the base condition angle of 45°. The other o assumed for the base condition, with each cell assumed to have site conditions remained the same. The analyses showed that the a good grass cover condition. All other analyses were made assum- angle of the panel had only a slight effect on runoff volumes and to ing a paneled condition. For most scenarios, the runoff volumes and discharge rates. The lower angle of 30° was associated with an in- peak discharge rates from the paneled model were not significantly creased runoff volume, whereas the runoff volume decreased for Q. co greater than those for the prepaneled condition. Over a total length the steeper angle of 70° when compared with the base condition of lei of 225 m with 30 solar panels, the runoff increased by 0.26 m3, 45°. However, the differences (~0.5%) were very slight. Never- O which was a difference of only 0.35%. The slight increase in runoff theless, these results indicate that, when the solar panel was closer o volume reflects the slightly higher velocities for the paneled con- to horizontal, i.e., at a lower angle, a larger difference in runoff o dition. The peak discharge increased by 0.0013 m3, a change of volume occurred between the prepaneled and paneled conditions. only 0.31 %. The time to peak was delayed by one time increment, These differences in the response result are from differences in 1 i.e., 12 s. Inclusion of the panels did not have a significant hydro- loss rates. logic impact. The peak discharge was also lower at the lower angle. At an 0 angle of 30°, the peak discharge was slightly lower than at the Storm Magnitude higher angle of 70°. For the 2-h storm duration, the time to peak of the 30 angle was 2 min delayed from the time to peak of when ch The effect of storm magnitude was investigated by changing the the panel was positioned at a 70° angle, which reflects the longer o magnitude from a 25-year storm to a 2-year storm. For the 2-year travel times across the solar panels. 4' storm, the rainfall and runoff volumes decreased by approximately 0 50%. However, the runoff from the paneled watershed condition Storm Duration .,.• increased compared to the prepaneled condition by approximately › the same volume as for the 25-year analysis, 0.26 m3 . This increase To assess the effect of storm duration, analyses were made for 6-h Po represents only a 0.78% increase in volume. The peak discharge storms, testing magnitudes for 2-, 25-, and 100-year return periods, cc:1 and the time to peak did not change significantly. These results re- with the results compared with those for the 2-h rainfall events. The re flect runoff from a good grass cover condition and indicated that the longer storm duration was tested to determine whether a longer du- 7)1 U general conclusion of very minimal impacts was the same for dif- ration storm would produce a different ratio of increase in runoff o ferent storm magnitudes. between the prepaneled and paneled conditions. When compared to orunoff volumes from the 2-h storm, those for the 6-h storm were Ground Slope 34% greater in both the paneled and prepaneled cases. However, O when comparing the prepaneled to the paneled condition, the in- 0 The effect of the downgradient ground slope of the solar farm was crease in the runoff volume with the 6-h storm was less than Qalso examined. The angle of the solar panels would influence the 1 % regardless of the return period. The peak discharge and the velocity of flows from the panels. As the ground slope was in- time-to-peak did not differ significantly between the two condi- creased, the velocity of flow over the ground surface would be tions. The trends in the hydrologic response of the solar farm closer to that on the panels. This could cause an overall increase did not vary with storm duration. in discharge rates. The ground slope was changed from 1 to 5%, with all other conditions remaining the same as the base conditions. With the steeper incline, the volume of losses decreased from Ground Cover that for the 1 % slope, which is to be expected because the faster The ground cover under the panels was assumed to be a native grass velocity of the runoff would provide less opportunity for infiltra- that received little maintenance. For some solar farms, the area be- tion. However, between the prepaneled and paneled conditions, the neath the panel is covered in gravel or partially paved because the increase in runoff volume was less than 1 %. The peak discharge panels prevent the grass from receiving sunlight. Depending on the 538 / JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . volume of traffic, the spacer cell could be grass, patches of grass, or increased by 7% from the grass-covered scenario to the scenario bare ground. Thus, it was necessary to determine whether or not with gravel under the panel. The peak discharge increased by these alternative ground-cover conditions would affect the runoff 73 % for the gravel ground cover when compared with the grass characteristics. This was accomplished by changing the Manning's cover without the panels. The time to peak was 10 min less with n for the ground beneath the panels. The value of n under the pan- the gravel than with the grass, which reflects the effect of differ- els, i.e., the dry section, was set to 0.015 for gravel, with the value ences in surface roughness and the resulting velocities. for the spacer or maintenance section set to 0.02, i.e., bare ground. If maintenance vehicles used the spacer section regularly and the These can be compared to the base condition of a native grass grass cover was not adequately maintained, the soil in the spacer (n = 0. 15). A good cover should promote losses and delay the section would be compacted and potentially the runoff volumes and runoff. rates would increase. Grass that is not maintained has the potential For the smoother surfaces, the velocity of the runoff increased to become patchy and turn to bare ground. The grass under the and the losses decreased, which resulted in increasing runoff vol- panel may not get enough sunlight and die. Fig. 1 shows the result IE: umes. This occurred both when the ground cover under the panels of the maintenance trucks frequently driving in the spacer section, t. was changed to gravel and when the cover in the spacer section was which diminished the grass cover. f, changed to bare ground. Owing to the higher velocities of the flow, The effect of the lack of solar farm maintenance on runoff char- runoff rates from the cells increased significantly such that it was acteristics was modeled by changing the Manning's n to a value of (74; necessary to reduce the computational time increment. Fig. 4(a) 0.02 for bare ground. In this scenario, the roughness coefficient o shows the hydrograph from a 30-panel area with a time incre- for the ground under the panels, i.e., the dry section, as well as in ment of 12 s. With a time increment of 12 s, the water in each cell the spacer cell was changed from grass covered to bare ground is discharged at the end of every time increment, which results in no (n = 0.02).The effects were nearly identical to that of the gravel. o attenuation of the flow; thus, the undulations shown in Fig. 4(a) The runoff volume increased by 7% from the grass-covered to the a, result. The time increment was reduced to 3 s for the 2-h storm, bare-ground condition. The peak discharge increased by 72% when o' o which resulted in watershed smoothing and a rational hydrograph compared with the grass-covered condition. The runoff for the bare- c.) shape [Fig. 4(b)] . The results showed that the storm runoff ground condition also resulted in an earlier time to peak by approx- imately 10 min. Two other conditions were also modeled, showing to 0 1 - similar results. In the first scenario, gravel was placed directly Paneled under the panel, and healthy grass was placed in the spacer section, ✓ 0.09 - Pre-paneled , which mimics a possible design decision. Under these conditions, lei 0.08 - the peak discharge increased by 42%, and the volume of runoff c) increased by 4%, which suggests that storm-water management 0 0.07 - - would be necessary if gravel is placed anywhere. ' 0 06 - - Fig. 5 shows two solar panels from a solar farm in New Jersey. - The bare ground between the panels can cause increased runoff N w .4 0 0.05 - - rates and reductions in time of concentration, both of which could 0 0.04 - - necessitate storm-water management. The final condition modeled i involved the assumption of healthy grass beneath the panels and 0.03 - bare ground in the spacer section, which would simulate the con- et 0.02 - p 1 - dition of unmaintained grass resulting from vehicles that drive over ` the spacer section. Because the spacer section is 53 % of the cell, the p 0.01 - change in land cover to bare ground would reduce losses and de- ,,,, crease runoff travel times, which would cause runoff to amass as it 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 t (a) Time (min) 0.07 i az ?o Paneled Pre-paneled _ _�, 4.44 :0 :.�^ .-sr 4 H I, , t 0cic:1 .06 - - s- . \_ .. 1 '�:=" I_ , r U 1� _ ff''''' -4" \y ( t ! 4 1 O E 0.04 - - pr. . 1 f` . . ,. - ii-ci I. -.' _ --cs k•_ f o 03 Y i 1 003 1 / `! 0.02 '• ` �' . �� + •S f ♦ y ~ .,. ,- _. �`� .� 1. -- ----„-: , .,--,- . --2 ' , _ , , ` _ r ' 0.01 - - :K . ) i % , :. , �/yr .-5• ;:v, // r � It :f,IK a. r 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 - ' - (b) Time (min) Fig. 5. Site showing the initiation of bare ground below the panels, Fig. 4. Hydrograph with time increment of (a) 12 s ; (b) 3 s with which increases the potential for erosion (photo by John Showler, Manning's n for bare ground reprinted with permission) JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 / 539 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . moves downgradient. With the spacer section as bare ground, the runoff was calculated using Manning's equation, and the velocity peak discharge increased by 100%, which reflected the increases in of falling rainwater was calculated using the following: volume and decrease in timing. These results illustrate the need for maintenance of the grass below and between the panels. V t = 120 435 ( 1 ) where d,. = diameter of a raindrop, assumed to be 1 mm. The re- Design Suggestions lationship between kinetic energy and rainfall intensity is With well-maintained grass underneath the panels, the solar panels IC, = 916 -I- 3301og10 i (2) themselves do not have much effect on total volumes of the runoff where i = rainfall intensity (in./h) and Ke = kinetic energy (ft-tons or peak discharge rates. Although the panels are impervious, the per ac-in. of rain) of rain falling onto the wet section and the panel, rainwater that drains from the panels appears as runoff over the as well as the water flowing off of the end of the panel (Wischmeier il4 downgradient cells. Some of the runoff infiltrates. If the grass cover and Smith 1978). The kinetic energy (Salles et al. 2002) of the rain- of a solar farm is not maintained, it can deteriorate either because of fall was greater than that coming off the panel, but the area under fit a lack of sunlight or maintenance vehicle traffic. In this case, the the panel (i.e., the product of the length, width, and cosine of the runoff characteristics can change significantly with both runoff panel angle) is greater than the area under the edge of the panel 0 rates and volumes increasing by significant amounts. In addition,if gravel or pavement is placed underneath the panels, this can also where the water drains from the panel onto the ground. Thus, contribute to a significant increase in the hydrologic response. dividing the kinetic energy by the respective areas gives a more accurate representation of the kinetic energy experienced by the If bare ground is foreseen to be a problem or gravel is to be soil. The energy of the water draining from thepanel onto the placed under the panels to prevent erosion, it is necessary to . ground can be nearly 10 tunes greater than the rain itself falling co, counteract the excess runoff using some form of storm-water man- onto the ground area. If the solar panel runoff falls onto an un- w agement. A simple practice that can be implemented is a buffer strip sealed soil, considerable detachment can result (Motha et al. (Dabney et al. 2006) at the downgradient end of the solar farm. The 2004). Thus, because of the increased kinetic energy, it is pos- buffer strip length must be sufficient to return the runoff character- sible that the soil is much more prone to erosion with the panels istics with the panels to those of runoff experienced before the wialthan without. Where panels are installed, methods of erosion togravel and panels were installed. Alternatively, a detention basin control should be included in the design. Q.o can be installed. v A buffer strip was modeled along with the panels. For approxi- lei mately every 200 m of panels, or 29 cells, the buffer must be 5 cells O long (or 35 m) to reduce the runoff volume to that which occurred Conclusions o before the panels were added. Even if a gravel base is not placed Solar farms are the energy generators of the future; thus, it is im- under the panels, the inclusion of a buffer strip may be a good prac-o tice when grass maintenance is not a top funding priority. Fig. 6 portant to determine the environmental and hydrologic effects of these farms, both existing and proposed. A model was created 1 shows the peak discharge from the graveled surface versus the length to simulate storm-water runoff over a land surface without panels c4 of the buffer needed to keep the discharge to prepaneled peak rate. and then with solar panels added. Various sensitivity analyses were Water draining from a solar panel can increase the potential for conducted including changing the storm duration and volume, soil oo erosion of the spacer section. If the spacer section is bare ground, type, ground slope, panel angle, and ground cover to determine the Ch the high kinetic energy of water draining from the panel can cause ± effect that each of these factors would have on the volumes and o soil detachment and transport (Garde and Raju 1977 ; Beuselinck peak discharge rates of the runoff. et al. 2002). The amount and risk of erosion was modeled using The addition of solar panels over a grassy field does not have the velocity of water coming off a solar panel compared with much of an effect on the volume of runoff, the peak discharge, nor the velocity and intensity of the rainwater. The velocity of panel the time to peak. With each analysis, the runoff volume increased ›, slightly but not enough to require storm-water management facili- 0.07 r I ties. However, when the land-cover type was changed under the o Pre-paneled peak Q panels, the hydrologic response changed significantly. When gravel cc:1 0.06 - Peak Q vs. buffer length or avement was laced under the anels with the s acer section p P p p left as patchy grass or bare ground, the volume of the runoff in- U o 0.06 - - creased significantly and the peak discharge increased by approx- oimately 100%. This was also the result when the entire cell was M 0.04 - assumed to be bare ground. �_ _� _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - The potential for erosion of the soil at the base of the solar pan- 0 els was also studied. It was determined that the kinetic energy of the o 1 0.03 - - water draining from the solar panel could be as much as 10 times Q greater than that of rainfall. Thus, because the energy of the water 0.02 - -- draining from the panels is much higher, it is very possible that soil below the base of the solar panel could erode owing to the concen- 0 m - _ trated flow of water off the panel, especially if there is bare ground in the spacer section of the cell. If necessary, erosion control meth- ods should be used. o 0 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Bare ground beneath the panels and in the spacer section is Length of buffer (m) a realistic possibility (see Figs. 1 and 5). Thus, a good, well- maintained grass cover beneath the panels and in the spacer section Fig. 6. Peak discharge over gravel compared with buffer length is highly recommended. If gravel, pavement, or bare ground is 540 / JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . deemed unavoidable below the panels or in the spacer section, it Beuselinck, L., Govers, G., Hairsince, P. B ., Sander, G. C., and may necessary to add a buffer section to control the excess runoff Breynaert, M. (2002). "The influence of rainfall on sediment transport volume and ensure adequate losses. If these simple measures are by overland flow over areas of net deposition." J. Hydrol. , 257( 1-4), taken, solar farms will not have an adverse hydrologic impact from 145-163. excess runoff or contribute eroded soil particles to receiving Dabney, S. M., Moore, M. T., and Locke, M. A. (2006). "Integrated man- agement of in-field, edge-of-field, and after-field buffers." J. Amer. streams and waterways. Water Resour. Assoc. , 42( 1), 15-24. Engman, E. T. (1986). "Roughness coefficients for routing surface runoff." J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. , 112( 1), 39-53. Acknowledgments Garde, R. J., and Raju, K. G. (1977). Mechanics of sediment transportation and alluvial stream problems, Wiley, New York. The authors appreciate the photographs (Figs. 1 and 5) of Ortho McCuen, R. H. (2005). Hydrologic analysis and design, 3rd Ed., Pearson/ Clinical Diagnostics, 1001 Route 202, North Raritan, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 08869, provided by John E. Showler, Environmental Scientist, Motha, J. A., Wallbrink, P. J., Hairsine, P. B., and Grayson, R. B . (2004). New Jersey Department of Agriculture. The extensive comments "Unsealed roads as suspended sediment sources in agricultural catch- c of reviewers resulted in an improved paper. ment in south-eastern Australia." J. Hydrol. , 286( 1-4), 1-18. Salles, C., Poesen, J., and Sempere-Torres, D. (2002). "Kinetic energy of rain and its functional relationship with intensity." J. Hydrol. , 257(1-4), References 256-270. o Wischmeier, W. H., and Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion Bedient, P. B ., and Huber, W. C. (2002). Hydrology and,floodplain analy- losses: A guide to conservation planning, USDA Handbook 537, U.S. sis, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. � PP g O rn a) 0.4 U C4 trn O tri 0 0 0 O a) a) 2 U Ct ct 4-i -C O N Ste" O ct :1 a) U Ct E O a) "CS ct O O JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING © ASCE / MAY 2013 / 541 J. Hydrol. Eng. 2013 . 18: 536-541 . CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Dust Abatement Plan The purpose and intent of this Dust Abatement Plan is to ensure that the Project complies with applicable state and federal air quality standards. The Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) sets forth the National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQs) pursuant to the Clean Air Act. Air quality impacts associated with construction projects generally arise from fugitive dust generation during the operation of heavy equipment. Colorado administers the NAAQS through issuance of the Air Pollutant Emission Notice (APEN ) . The Project will not exceed the NAAQS and will follow best management practices to ensure that the production of dust will be controlled by the regular application of water to the Project. The Project will obtain an APEN permit prior to construction . Minimal dust is expected to be generated during construction and operations due to the planned use of dust suppression best management practices and soil stabilization following construction and throughout operations. During construction , CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead and its contractors will control dust by applying water to disturbed soils and soil piles to control fugitive dust from blowing and impairing air quality . Once the construction phase is completed , the site will be visited 1 -2 times per year for routine maintenance and as needed for emergency maintenance . Disturbed areas not covered with gravel as part of the Project design will be reseeded with native seed to revegetate disturbed areas and hold soil in place , minimizing fugitive dust impacts during operations . CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead would employ native revegetation methods or chemical control methods for infestations of weeds during regular maintenance if necessary. (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD AffriK PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 CLOUDBREAK (970) x,25-3175 INFO©CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJFCT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJFCT: I andscape and Screening Plan There is currently no landscaping on the Project's site . The Project area will be surrounded by a 7 -foot tall game fence . We will seek waivers from the neighboring residences within 500 feet of the project and will plant Rocky Mountain Junipers outside of the fence on the northern border if we are unable to get the waivers . Fxample photos as well as a map depicting the proposed location for tree placement are provided below. Please refer to sheet 3 . 0 of the USR Map for additional detail on the proposed security fence . CBFP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead plans to work with Pawnee Buttes/Greencover to create a unique diversified seed mixture to be seeded within the Project Area and will utilize sheep grazing to maintain the land . EXAMPLE PHOTOS: elil T.' • ' !I \T Yt \315 0F•y `lY ?FP.' A �~ l4r r' • � .� 11 iii , �+a j • .'..ma�'yy,, •• r {y T t -.r y1 �Yr,. �5 <j -�I1' 1 _?'f. -.y,',y' r `r"'f Q•&• -I J. / t} - - • • .tir•Tti J' • v,p � r 'W1t f1, Y./' ' � t1 'i.�•• r :j . . • ♦ � a,•{' ' flr v. grit , ill 1{•tA 1<Lr� ry�z4 , ct• 1.., t } •(`lt 1_ t. +.1. Nr , n t tki , IyY•/� J 4• tM_ . 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Q.� Y.F ,I Rn� ,.I}t, t r��' • l ' . f �•', •+ r • n • .- F' \.• , ip / ' .i ` \ t �, p• . .>.1'1 ♦3yl ~r<,�' ' '2 r� r y'liq r t d`b t _ t. ti "� . -.�S { • .^(� r4-. .4• a. f \ "� .' h �ti - - - 1 ,l<. . < /r. ` 4, '!J { Y .. a Ya•Z' ♦ 1 - t• P. ♦: • , it 1� `., 1�j 'prlt .� ell' 0•� t : its < ''ar''lr ��. ti .� ••.� / ' r ) . \ { ',. i / l i ! �'1 1 C �1xt4 • . �'1v .• L . _ . 'r 4 y Y. t �' •': r' irt• I • 1� •, ' -, . J I I iy}L , at... - ..r ..•u3}t- 4a'1') •..ti-I•�5Q+ �•-nf'tif. i d,.i.ilSall •F A f T4 '/1 1 t 4 Ii- :' -.it - Ll i a (970) 425-3175 I INFO©CI FO©a CI OU DBREAKEN ERGYYCOM I CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAI< PAGE2 PROPOSED LOCATION FOR TREE PLACEMENT: 64 I' 1 • 1:.04,--.* +, , Rocky Mountain Juniper Location s! Our IIIS I 1 r ''.r 4 I ' • eD I • , 0 R, 0Ject Location i i lit.\ . o1 • iii • `t l a. a , l t 1 , . ' 24 Ilif ' I 11 ti 1 1 1 1 i . lismscrl r -.., : _......4:;_priss,.:1/41..4,ttiu±. ..i.5.4±.,401zi....6,,Ati i d_ r r 11 , 1 1 � II 11 I I •r ' `i] L , p c 1 j 1 IT 1 l< I fit I 1 W 11I 111 I• ' r f • r , 1 � i 11 t 4 i 1 ti 1 r• I s+hp 62 - = -- 6 t. L_ti'i (970) 425-3175 I INFO©aCLOUDBPEAKENEPGY.COM I CLOUDB !PEAKENEPGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Lighting Plan CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead is proposing to construct and operate the Sand Creek Solar Projects in unincorporated Weld County, Colorado . The Project includes construction of 2 . 5 MW of solar electric generation on a 113 . 35 acre parcel . This Lighting Plan describes lighting during the construction and operations phases of the Project. Temporary Construction Lighting : The need for lighting during construction is expected to be limited because the majority of construction activities will occur during daylight hours. If lighting is needed during construction , lights will be positioned and/or shielded from oncoming traffic and residences in the vicinity of the project site , as necessary. Cutoff-type luminaires would be used where practicable . Individual light sources would not exceed 150 , 000 lumens per light source (typical of a 1250W metal halide light) and would project 0 . 1 lumen or less at property lines. Unnecessary lighting will not be used . Lights would not exceed 24 feet in height. Any lighting needed for construction is not shown in the dimensioned elevation drawing of the USR Map due to its temporary nature . Project Operations Lighting : There will be no lighting on the Project after construction is completed . (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO Lead PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Manure Management Plan CBEP Solar 9 LLC , and ECA CO Lead is proposing to construct and operate the Sand Creek Solar Projects in unincorporated Weld County, Colorado . The Project includes the construction of 2 . 5 Megawatts ( MW) of solar electric generation on a portion of a 113 . 35 -acre parcel . In addition to the solar array , the Project site will continue to contribute to the agricultural economy of Weld County by using the pasture land underneath the solar array for sheep grazing . This Manure Management Plan describes CBEP Solar 9 LLC, and ECA CO Lead 's plan to maintain and minimize the impacts of the manure on the Project parcel and neighboring community. Background : CBEP Solar 9 LLC , and ECA CO Lead intends to partner with a local shepherd that will be grazing no more than 500 sheep on the Sand Creek Solar Projects site for periods during the grazing season . The Sand Creek Solar Projects is one of many fields the flock of sheep will rotate between . These sheep will be processed in Weld County at Innovative Foods . Manure Load Management: Through rotational grazing and harrowing , the manure load will be evenly distributed across the parcel and have minimal impact on the neighboring community . Rotational Grazing : The shepherd will section off portions of the Project and graze the herd in the subsections, rotating the sheep to new subsections regularly . The shepherd will also rotate the herd between several Cloudbreak solar projects to manage the manure load and forage materials on the land . This will make the overall manure load very manageable and reduce the impact to surrounding properties. The herd will not stay permanently at the Sand Creek Solar Projects. The Project site will not serve as a feedlot for sheep . Harrowing : If needed , a harrowing machine will be used on the Sand Creek Solar Projects site to spread out and break up the manure once the sheep move on to the next subsection or pasture . This machine will disturb the topsoil to help break down and bury the manure . (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM CLOUDBREAK pp, G E 2 Composting : If the manure load ever becomes problematic , CBEP Solar 9 LLC , and ECA CO Lead will physically remove the manure and compost it offsite . (970) 425-3175 I INFO@CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM Kimley > Horn June 16 , 2023 Mr. Zach Brammer CloudBreak Energy Partners 218 S . 3rd Street Sterling , CO 80751 Re : CloudBreak — Sand Creek Sound Study Weld County , Colorado Dear Mr. Brammer: Executive Summary The purpose of this technical memorandum is to summarize the evaluated sound levels associated with the operational equipment located at the proposed Sand Creek Solar Site in Weld County , CO . The proposed solar photovoltaic project site is approximately 3 miles northeast of downtown Greeley , approximately 3 miles southeast of Lucerne , and approximately 4 miles southwest of Alden . The site is generally located south of County Road 64 , west of County Road 45 , and east of County Road 43 , and north of County Road 62 . The site is also located approximately 1 mile outside of the Greeley- Weld County Airport . The solar site will be located on agricultural land with rural residential land uses located north and south of the project area . The location of the proposed Sand Creek Solar Site is shown in Figure 1 . Analysis Findings • The solar photovoltaic project will be located on agricultural land with rural residential land uses north and south of the project area. A noise goal of 55 dB(A) during daytime hours was established for this project. Unmitigated hourly equivalent operational noise levels are estimated to be below approximately 36 dB(A) during daytime hours at the closest noise-sensitive land uses north of the site. Additionally, the operational noise levels are anticipated to remain below the Weld County Charter and County Code maximum permissible noise level at residential property boundaries during daytime hours; therefore, noise mitigation is not recommended at this time. Note that the site is located approximately 1 mile outside of the Greeley- Weld County Airport and is within the 45-50 dB(A) noise contour according to the National Transportation Noise Map. Project Description The proposed Sand Creek Solar Site will be developed on approximately 35 acres of agricultural land in an unincorporated portion of Weld County , CO . The solar power generating facility will consist of rows of Photovoltaic Solar Modules , a gravel access driveway , and underground utilities . Two (2) substations with an associated transformer and inverters will be located on site . One ( 1 ) of the substations is located towards the northern portion of the site , and the other is near the southeastern portion of the site . kimley- horn . com 1125 17th Street, Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 Kirn > or fl Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study _ June 16, 2023 - Page 2 Figure 1 : Site Location and Vicinity County Road 6be County Sand ®reek Solar Project Site ��—� Weld , Fr County 0 300 600 Feet kimley-horn. com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 Kimley : >> orn Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study June 16, 2023 - Page 3 Characteristics of Noise Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound . It is emitted from many natural and man - made sources . Sound pressure levels are usually measured and expressed in decibels (dB) . The decibel scale is logarithmic and expresses the ratio of the sound pressure unit being measured to a standard reference level . Most sounds occurring in the environment do not consist of a single frequency , but rather a broad band of differing frequencies . The intensities of each frequency add together to generate sound . Because the human ear does not respond to all frequencies equally , the method commonly used to quantify environmental noise consists of evaluating all of the frequencies of a sound according to a weighting system . It has been found that the A-weighted decibel [dB (A) ] filter on a sound level meter, which includes circuits to differentially measure selected audible frequencies , best approximates the frequency response of the human ear. The degree of disturbance from exposure to unwanted sound — noise — depends upon three factors : 1 . The amount , nature , and duration of the intruding noise 2 . The relationship between the intruding noise and the existing sound environment ; and 3 . The situation in which the disturbing noise is heard In considering the first of these factors , it is important to note that individuals have varying sensitivity to noise . Loud noises bother some people more than other people , and some individuals become increasingly upset if an unwanted noise persists . The time patterns and durations of noise (s) also affect perception as to whether or not it is offensive . For example , noises that occur during nighttime (sleeping) hours are typically considered to be more offensive than the same noises in the daytime . With regard to the second factor, individuals tend to judge the annoyance of an unwanted noise in terms of its relationship to noise from other sources (background noise) . A car horn blowing at night when background noise levels are low would generally be more objectionable than one blowing in the afternoon when background noise levels are typically higher. The response to noise stimulus is analogous to the response to turning on an interior light . During the daytime an illuminated bulb simply adds to the ambient light , but when eyes are conditioned to the dark of night , a suddenly illuminated bulb can be temporarily blinding . The third factor — situational noise — is related to the interference of noise with activities of individuals . In a 60 dB (A) environment such as is commonly found in a large business office , normal conversation would be possible , while sleep might be difficult . Loud noises may easily interrupt activities that require a quiet setting for greater mental concentration or rest ; however, the same loud noises may not interrupt activities requiring less mental focus or tranquility . As shown in Figure 2 , most individuals are exposed to fairly high noise levels from many sources on a regular basis . To perceive sounds of greatly varying pressure levels , human hearing has a non - linear sensitivity to sound pressure exposure . Doubling the sound pressure results in a three decibel change in the noise level ; however, variations of three decibels [3 dB (A) ] or less are commonly considered "barely perceptible" to normal human hearing . A five decibel [5 dB (A)] change is more readily noticeable . A ten -fold increase in the sound pressure level correlates to a 10 decibel [ 10 dB (A)] noise level increase ; however, it is judged by most people as only sounding "twice as loud" . kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 , , .. rn ) or fl Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study _ June 16, 2023 - Page 4 Figure 2 : Common Noise Levels Kim1ey * Horn Common Environmental Noise Levels chli(Ar Noise Source Noise Level Response As Loud Jet Engine r�x R I P -I Harmfully loud 128 135 130 64 e..„ POE ICE T`' Police Siren 1 —I Painfully loud y I 12 ' , 32 .• 4 1 15 I Regular exposer r 1 10 over 1 minute Rock Band risks permanent 16 105 hearing loss i ii‘ '' �. Garbage Truck ,., :, - r;. 100 Very loud 8 i 95 ,f kr y - ',;yti` . `c; Motorcycle 90' • Annoying • • • • • • • • • + 4 I -1 a 85 •- Annoying - interferes • • • 2 Drilling _ ,� with conversation call T5 Vacuum Cleaner 70 Moderately loud 1 _ - R f: t-i., _, I 65 Air Conditioner c- ` �- 60 Comfortable 1/2 i — 5© • 1/4 Refrigerator at 45 Quiet -1j • + 1/8 ' rt-5i, tr II 35 Whisper 30 Very quiet 25 4110 20 4 Rustling Leaves 15 Just audible . , 10 5 Threshold of hearing _, 14 Normal Breathing 0 typical A-weighted sound levels in decihels. "A" weighting approximates the frequency response 01 the human ear. Over time , individuals tend to accept the noises that intrude into their lives on a regular basis . However, exposure to prolonged and/or extremely loud noise (s) can prevent use of exterior and interior spaces and has been theorized to pose health risks . kimley-horn. com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 Kimley : >> orn Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study June 16, 2023 - Page 5 Local Regulations The Sand Creek Solar Site is in Weld County , CO . Chapter 21 , Article VII , Division 3 of the Weld County Charter and County Code describes the requirements for a permit for site selection of a solar energy facility and states that noise impacts must be analyzed . Chapter 14 , Article IX of the Weld County Charter and County Code describes the noise regulations in Weld County , and Section 14-9-30 of this article states that a violation of this ordinance includes knowingly making , causing , or permitting to be made any excess noise or exceeding the sound levels provided in Section 14- 9-40 of the Weld County Charter and County Code . The maximum permissible noise levels at different land uses are shown in Table 1 . Table 1 : Maximum Permissible Noise Levels Land Use Maximum Noise [dB(A)] Maximum Noise [dB(A)] 7 : 00 am 9 : 00 pm 9 : 00 pm - 7 : 00 am Residential Property or Commercial Area 55 dB (A) 50 dB (A) Industrial Area or Construction Activities 80 dB (A) 75 dB (A) Nonspecified Areas 55 dB (A) 50 dB (A) The closest noise-sensitive receptors around the Sand Creek Solar site are either residential or non - specified land uses . It should be noted that on-site operations are not anticipated to occur during nighttime hours and minimal operational noise will be produced ; therefore , the daytime maximum permissible operational noise level of 55 dB (A) will be used . Noise Analysis Sound levels from the proposed Sand Creek Solar Site were evaluated using SoundPLAN . This program computes predicted sound levels at noise-sensitive areas through a series of adjustments to reference sound levels . SoundPLAN can also account for topography , groundcover type , and intervening structures . Sound levels generated from inverters are anticipated to be the main source of sound from the proposed solar photovoltaic project site . It should be noted that noise from surrounding roadways was not modeled in this analysis , although County Road 43 , County Road 45 , County Road 62 , County Road 64 , and other rural roadways are anticipated to contribute to the ambient noise environment throughout the entire day . Note that the site is located approximately 1 mile outside of the Greeley-Weld County Airport and is within the 45- 50 dB (A) noise contour according to the National Transportation Noise Map . Inverters Photovoltaic (PV) inverter equipment generates steady , unvarying sound that can create issues when located near noise-sensitive areas . It was assumed that eleven ( 11 ) PV inverters would be located near the northern portion of the site , and another set of eleven ( 11 ) PV inverters would be located near the southeast portion of the site . Based on design specifications for the CPS SCH100/ 125KTL- DO/US-600 inverter, a reference sound level of 65 dB (A) at 1 meter for each PV inverter was used . kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 Kimley : >> orn Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study June 16, 2023 - Page 6 The sound from the simultaneous operation of the PV inverter equipment was calculated at the closest noise-sensitive receptors surrounding the project area using SoundPLAN . Sound generated by the inverters is not anticipated to significantly contribute to the existing environmental sound levels surrounding the site . Also , sound generated by the inverters is expected to be mitigated by providing sufficient offsets between the inverters and surrounding noise-sensitive land uses as well as by the physical presence of the solar arrays , which are anticipated to shield and disperse some of the sound generated by the inverters . Transformers Transformers also generate steady , unvarying noise that can create issues when located near noise- sensitive uses . It was assumed that one ( 1 ) transformer would be located at the proposed substation towards the northern portion of the site , and another transformer would be located at the proposed substation towards the southeastern portion of the site . The transformer in the northern portion of the site was assumed to be located just northeast of its corresponding set of eleven ( 11 ) inverters , while the transformer in the southeastern portion of the site was assumed to be located just east of its corresponding set of inverters . A reference sound level for a transformer of 79 dB (A) at 1 meter was used . The noise from the transformer operation at the substation was calculated at the at the noise- sensitive receptors in the area near the proposed substation using SoundPLAN . Noise generated from the transformer is not anticipated to significantly contribute to the operational project noise and is expected to be kept in control by distance to noise-sensitive receptors . Results The SoundPLAN- predicted maximum operational sound levels at the surrounding noise-sensitive land uses are anticipated to be below the Weld County Charter and County Code noise level limits . The anticipated operational sound contours are shown in Figure 3 . kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 Kimley : >> orn Sand Creek Solar Site Sound Study June 16, 2023 - Page 7 Figure 3 : Operational Sound Contours s - I. Signs and symboisl-7,J -- ` ; .i, I + Iviiilitf lit --) itProject Boundary Agfrix . Z 4,.._ _s_ , ,,, ,. ..ea.. 4, 4140_ . i- 1 {4:. - Yea4-reifi ' raligtil4 al iliNa. r . asemwacatiworamosim .2-ra_t_ efacil i 1 ! 1‘ .war t,II . i It; 1\ t ' C. t. e: ;I:-i-1 . II 1 1 Levels in dB (A) git < 45 45 - 50 50 - 55 55 - 60 60 - 65 _, > = 65 Conclusions The site is generally located south of County Road 64 , west of County Road 45 , and east of County Road 43 , and north of County Road 62 . The solar site will be located on agricultural land with rural residential land uses located north of the project area . After modeling and analyzing the anticipated operational sound levels throughout the proposed solar site , it was determined that noise mitigation measures are not needed at this time since the anticipated operational sound levels will remain below the Weld County Charter and County Code allowable noise levels at the nearest noise-sensitive receptors around the site during daytime hours . kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street , Suite 1400 , Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 Ifrk STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) �,25-3175 N FO©a CLOD DBREAKEN ERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Projects SUBJECT: Traffic Narrative 1 . Describe how many roundtrips/day are expected for each vehicle type : Passenger Cars/Pickups , Tandem Trucks, Semi -Truck/Trailer/RV ( Roundtrip = One ( 1 ) trip in and One ( 1 ) trip out of site) . • Maximum anticipated number of daily trips during peak period of construction : 10 - 15 vehicles per day during peak construction 7am - 3 : 30pm general hours Monday - Friday . • % of heavy vehicles during peak period of construction : 5 - 10% During first few months of construction . • Typical anticipated number of daily trips after construction is complete : 2 - 4 trips per year depending on O& M contract details . 2 . Describe the expected travel routes or haul routes for site traffic . • The primary travel/haul route will be North on Highway 85 , East onto 8th Street, N orth onto County Road 43 , East onto County Road 64 , and then arriving at the N orthern access point on the parcel . 3 . 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I'.,�4 If�i G YAI I I. 1 KimIey ) o rn June 12 , 2023 Mr. Zach Brammer CloudBreak Energy Partners , LLC 218 S . 3rd Street Sterling , Colorado 80751 Re : CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar Traffic Study Letter Weld County , Colorado Dear Mr. Brammer: This traffic study letter has been prepared for the proposed CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar project located in Weld County , Colorado . The purpose of this letter is to provide trip generation , trip distribution , and project traffic assignment for the construction phase of the proposed solar project to determine the anticipated increase in traffic attributable to the proposed project . The proposed development is located on the south side of Weld County Road 64 (WCR-64) between WCR-43 and WCR-45 . A vicinity map illustrating the location of CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar is attached as Figure 1 . The project will consist of a 2 . 5 MW solar facility with supporting infrastructure . A conceptual site plan for the proposed development is attached . This traffic study identifies the amount of traffic associated with this proposed development during both construction and operational phases , and the expected trip distribution and traffic assignment . CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY AND ACCESS Construction activity to assemble the entire solar facility is anticipated to commence Quarter 1 of 2024 . The construction activities each month may vary based on phasing and the size of the phase . This traffic study was prepared analyzing the peak construction traffic during the highest months of activity . Construction will generally follow these steps : • Mobilization • Civil/site preparation • Cable plow/foundations construction • Post install • Racking install • Substation construction • Set major equipment • Module installation • Testing , commissioning , and energization • Demobilization Regional access to CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar will be provided by US- 85 . Primary access will be provided by WCR-64 while direct access is proposed from one full movement access on the south side of WCR-64 . kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 CloudBreak — Sand Creek Kimley >>> o r n Traffic Study Letter Page 2 The preferred access route to CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar from the City of Greeley to the southwest is via WCR-41 , then east along WCR-64 , then south into the site . The anticipated vehicle route to the site from the City of Fort Collins is to travel east on SH - 14 , south on US-85 , east along SH - 392 , south along WCR-43 , east along WCR-64 , and then south into the project site . The access route to CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar from the City of Loveland is via US- 34 , north along US-85 , east along SH -263 , north along WCR-43 , east along WCR-64 , and south into the project site . Figure 2 illustrates the vehicle routes to and from the site . TRIP GENERATION Site- generated traffic estimates are determined through a process known as trip generation . The number of trips for the CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar facility was based on anticipated construction activity and operations . In order to study the effect of construction traffic created by the solar facility , the expected trips during the peak period of construction were used as the basis for this study . The peak construction traffic activity is anticipated to occur in 2024 . Construction Traffic Generation The typical construction peak season workday will see workers arriving during a four- hour window between 6 : 00 am and 10 : 00 am and departing during a three- hour window between 1 : 00 pm and 4 : 00 pm . The standard construction hours are anticipated to be 6 : 30 am to 3 : 30 pm . The highest proportion of workers will arrive to the site between 6 : 00 and 7 : 00 am ( half) and depart between 3 : 00 pm to 4 : 00 pm (one-third) , although the volume will be fairly uniform during the arrival and departure hours . It is anticipated that construction of the facility will include a maximum of 12 construction workers . It is important to note the truck trip generation also includes the volume adjusted for the three ( 3) passenger car equivalents ( PCE) per truck. The following Table 1 identifies the peak construction activity trip generation for the construction of CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar facility . Table 1 — Trip Generation : CloudBreak — Sand Creek Solar Development Weekday Vehicles Trips Daily Round Daily AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour rer Trips Trips In Out Total In Out Total Heavy Duty Trucks ( 3) 3 6 2 0 2 0 2 2 PCE Trips 9 18 6 0 6 0 6 6 Passenger Vehicles ( 12 ) 12 24 6 0 6 0 4 4 Total Vehicles 15 30 8 0 8 0 6 6 Total PCE 21 42 12 0 12 0 10 10 As shown in the table above , CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar is expected to generate approximately 15 daily round trips (30 daily trips) with eight (8) of these trips occurring in the morning peak hour and six (6) of these trips occurring in the afternoon peak hour during the peak construction activities . This volume of daily traffic of 30 trips is expected to be the highest volume generated during solar facility construction . Solar Facility Operational Phase Traffic Generation After the CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar project has been constructed , the number of trips generated by the solar plant is expected to be significantly less than during the construction kimley-horn . com 1125 17th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202 303 228 2300 CloudBreak — Sand Creek Kimley >>> o r n Traffic Study Letter Page 3 period , approximately one vehicle per week (2 weekly trips) . Therefore , traffic impacts related to the operation of the solar plant facility will be negligible and insignificant . TRIP DISTRIBUTION AND TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT Trip distribution is based on the anticipated arrival location of employees along with the delivery route to be used for truck traffic. It is anticipated that truck traffic from the City of Greeley will utilize the intersection of WCR-64 and WCR-41 and use WCR-64 to travel east and the south onto the project access . It is anticipated that truck traffic from the City of Fort Collins will use SH- 14 to head east to US-85 and travel south to the US-85 and SH -392 interchange , then travel east along SH -392 , south along WCR-43 , east along WCR-64 and south into the project site . Truck traffic from the City of Loveland will use US-34 to travel east , then will travel north along US-85 , east along SH -263 , north along WCR-43 , east along WCR- 64 , then south into the project site . Construction worker trips will be based on the arrival location from place of residence ( permanent or temporary) . The distribution for construction worker trips was derived based on distances to nearby cities and populations . The City of Greeley is located approximately 5 miles southeast of the site . Further west , approximately 26 miles southwest of the site is the City of Loveland . The City of Fort Collins is approximately 31 miles to the northwest. Based on these factors , it is anticipated that 100 percent of the traffic will be to and from the west . Attached Figure 3 illustrates the anticipated trip distribution . The project traffic assignment for vehicles is shown in attached Figure 4 . CONCLUSION In summary , the CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar construction project traffic assignment shows a very low traffic volume assigned to the surrounding street network. Further, trips are negligible during the operational phase of the solar facility . Based on these results , CloudBreak - Sand Creek Solar will have a minimal traffic impact . The public street roadways and adjacent intersections are anticipated to successfully accommodate this project traffic volume . If you have any questions or require anything further, please feel free to call . Sincerely, 19-\\10, c)0 3EC /siThy ,y\KIMLEY- HORN AND ASSOCIATES , INC . s '%1 . # c``J � �• 7 r- 7 ty 56897 •• 06/12/2023 ii ii s.-{ Tyler E . Smith , P . E . y '* • •• *' \ S ( *3 T." 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FIGURE 1 CLOUDBREAK - SAND CREEK WELD COUNTY , COLORADO VICINITY MAP Kim * Horn N a nn-i ---j- -- a\ NTS 196664000 �: :� iii li 4 .,;, ,_ 1Hi:I:p . .1, - W ; _ � .lit i. \II • N.- - i , ill i i ' II", _ ,. .._ _ ..._„...__. _ .. - , il 1 1 e ,, /'I ,,,, . iii ft , :-.— •••••• ...-. 4_,s.. , l tiI ' % .. .... . I11 S • _ r b . "-1.11: . .... �..; 'fr11:: :::yt �a / it ty .j ?f I = _ } _ ,, ,IMill (•-•) . .1 11 , ! _ - - - .I __- .e -T1' 5t ` 1;; .�P-:( ..- 1 CP ge as • '''} ' _ _ ail _ .: ` ' � �-.',� 1I� r r• t _ � 'fa1.'i r! le 11/4\V5 �I .11� 1 �. t yfi r P :1 , 7 . . T C.. •' .11 I , . r ,I ill.Ty- -ri-WIt • • : :I, I i 'It 7. ,1-• I __ _ ,,. - I L r _ A" ih , ..N. ale I i ti,' , . 'l. I rr Y •. 1FI. I i am. •. 64 . II 11 'x•► �- '� R _ ' �' II � I C-- 1 J f sr m t qi , / f I L • -Sl le i 1 III' O1 I " - ] \ ,. _ { yfr �4! ' F' � � s= a - ■ 0V C I- �' ` ,J, ' . T r `fir I THL +F I P _ I T " jj 1, •b •7 i s III A IF ' r_1 ` 17, • a , • 'lil iY t` •r•! L �I..> • j. .; I. felt . , , . A,_ ;ft- , , • . i -or fp" I, ,r , rni, _ w.l II vS.. �•}} ...._ , - -`a '�. t_•t,�1•y Lf/ jII,Q� PO,- i � . • ' I _ ', 4.. : 1 • 17+iiiii t_1 - o' , ,, ,I.■ �, A1!'. - J� I .. -.., - 11 ♦ Iili ' 1 t . • _' � I � f •� :ft/re-/7 liallin_. lien i I_ J �� a �... :. .,c...2.1 it•s_., _ rh _'� ♦ I ti '' I I. r ��. J. "H.-1.:77-,---. •- w_� - �._ I� �, , I '�. !' - r _ • � 1f.=f . • 1.1 ll '' ,1 _ � i '' ' , � Rr ' y�� 111 ♦I IIIr� + . - .4v . Vir }" _ f•P le.11 bo I 1 'a ), _ _ 1�.. "I I 1• - —". _ --- ,T_ J-2 • c?� �r' , . ', ,{■-- f v , L� I .'• Ife ,`�y�. • a..5.11. `�V-ti`0, f -. F I - _ �1A�+7 �'• 1 at i — it -/-:fir---.-- -, 47-II'. 44 • 1A `'." '� .q - — - ) -!1j#-� � / / t �.. .';• , ♦'�` • - ,! - v :P ' i I'T:. e y r' Ilk .Jt , tin . • `l r. 5. �.Y t• ._i. -riJ� ,•� 'l i r .tit' .t � -- - - .. - s. :II ' ' - 77, - n-.�;i' f' Willi ; .! �. _-i NIA ._ _ ... - L r' t ;`�.r,, � h. ,�,r ys .r ,• _ . T. g 1i� . .. ' I •7 '`I.'i`- .4 ��. ':; �tR ) •�" ` • 46 m' I,W...tti/ . — A ' • t•; d • . r ._�E•s'r,° ..C, _. • '� if •• � • �V• F -'';v!. • + •flCURF 2 LEGEND CLOUDBRFAK - SAND CREEK Proposed Truck Route WEED COUNTY , COLORADO TRUCK ROUTE i 4N, Kiml • 4 Horn N O I=tTH NTS 196664000 • uI - r� ell ‘ I }wi . 1 ' y� WCR- 64 r y1 i. , ..: 0" "` iv p I t•+� _ .y sl v " i /,' 1 - ^1�- T. 'rt_- �i •. -�0 ✓ T"riCWa.i� ----- ---- _— ] 1 174 'LI IL � N• 11 ILL•� ,� ��1. Ir �\ i� i t `10. •1_:41_�•• t c' ' OS il Ca) It e. I k, • f %: t: Itt J t1 �' 1yt, ` `fit. \ H : • it I I tI --- i IL: 41: .%-titi .• • I ,- :.. j It '- .rte �- e PROJECT 1 SITE I I ' �` - y i /: at - p1 I i � ,•. c.. _ ----- � I `. is " I - :_ 1" --------- 1 i II - • Jill Li. I i! I - ' tIL'- A N fs"" tr r iffithr Ei�ont tilt �.r 0 I: /1 1 f 0 100% --, ; o ( WCR-64 ACCESS ) LEGEND X Study Area Key Intersection FCUE 3 XX% Fxternal Trip Distribution Percentage CLOUDBREAK - SAND CREEK xx %[ ]xx � Entering [ Exiting ] Trip Distribution Percentage WELD COUNTY , COLORADO PROJECT TRIP DSRHUHOII if° a\ Kim' • 4 Horn N o ITT I-1 NTS 196664000 -r _ Y 1� ii I 3 ~ III • IlilD!! r;r 1.11 ,t �, !III 1I �� , a e _y . J„ I1 I, I I ti I�� ..a 1 / r 1 .y / � !+ Jr- � ,ii s riet 1,{.y' ;jF • # 9 II , 1q ,, V J• •t �" I1' ;it 1 I; ra1VelKC - WC R- 64 , , ; a •I ) 0:4 \ . ? `•� V�p t7nj ^ r- ri •• }:y -11 ` ! n sa— _ _- ' _---_ -1Rt1I 6. V / 7 tZi� : .., a : �f . it s U Q1 :. il. 4 U I I I. 4 l^ / ,I % I h 7i -.� i .- h. I .tI ---- - -- , i it k ‘2,,' , I ...- �-•- F1 - y SITE k ;;,�C. Iif .,{ i/ I ,1' 1 • . I a." 1 ..--' e--. .."' r — icI '.L. ' _ y ., r te: h :y± . :v 1 i III _�' -J 1 1 fi♦r. •-1; �` -ld .,' y am .G',�,�L,�' ; ,I1111111111- S- I - ' t�'- A fs tr1 IiffdraceEi�co`�•,t tilt r1 0 , 1 r CO 8(0) • o ( WCR-64 ACCESS ) LEGEND x Study Area Key Intersection FCURE 4 xxx ( xxx ) Weekday AI 1 ( PM ) Peak Hour Traffic Volumes CLOUDBREAK - SAND CREEK WELD COUNTY , COLOPADO xxx Estimated Daily Traffic Volume PROJECT TPAFflC ASSCNMEI 1 T Conceptual Site Plan ce - 0. Q. W USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW USR XX-XXXX SAND CREEK SOLAR SOLAR PROJECTco WELD COUNTY Z• LEGEND o I T r _ _ __ - - EASEMENT 5 e - - I _ - - - PROPERTY LINE o I I I — — — EXISTING RIGHT--OF-WAY z - EXISTING NWI WET SAND z EXISTING ROAD oz 1 I I I I X PROPOSED FENCE y I I ! I I EXISTING FENCE Y � O � � - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - _ - - - - - - EXISTING GAS LINE / W� � - ' - ' - COUNTY ROAD 64 - ' — - - _ _ — — LEASE AREA 400 Q 2 o — — -� _ Ii E PROPOSED ELECTRIC ` D W _ — — — — — — — — — - - - - - S' — — c — — — T-) — — — — — EXISTING FIBER LINE 0 W co t PROPOSED ACCESS ROAD L `\ (J I • ` \ I \ OH PROPOSED OVERHEAD ELECTRIC 1; I I i \ \ \ \ 11 EXISTING OVERHEAD ELECTRIC te PROPOSED OVERHEAD = \ �\ - PROPOSED SETE3ACK ELECTRIC CONNECTION a ( Lo I S . 1 \� \\ I I - PROPOSED SOLAR PANEL c 0)I in . \ DIMENSIONS FROM EXISTING MAJOR CONTOUR II - (` \\ \ NEAREST RESIDENCE I EXISTING MINOR CONTOUR _ BUILDINGS TO PANELS ennmen; I ll I \\\ \ II ►`atac�� v PROPOSED ROAD IIIMI \ O Z Z I N �\ \\ II iiiPROPOSED POWER POLE N F I \.\ \ . J� 7r1 Q N N 11 j n \ \ II OC) 00 'a PEr - •r--�:3 - :cry: _ - I PROPOSED ACCESS ROAD \\ \\ PROPOSED il PERMANENT & TEMPORARY z it y�T N X X X �- X X \\ f• Q N i I I \ ) I� ' I w o I L • - I .. \ • w � p � F N PROPOSED PV PANELS \\ \ N o m 11'� X \ II !r \ Y I- U "' N o . i _ _ Ne, � \ C9 or > c; i I Nre •PROPOSED PERMANENT STORAGE II DESIGNED BY: JCH D. z TRAILERS i CHECKED BY: AJH ci X DRAWN BY: JCH PROPOSED VEHICULAR ACCESS GATE 9La n ce SITE STATISTICS DATE: 06/15/23 I J 1 COVERAGE TYPE AREA (SQUARE FEET) Oa ,K I k CONCRETE 2,749 1--- Z,. q oh a III i GRAVEL 19,623 D \D Jam LANDSCAPINGcOji NA fO co � PROPOSED EQUIPMENT PLATFORMS. 1 PROPOSED SECURITY FENCE SWALES U CA SEE SHEET 3.0 DETAIL 4 - • NA c° O � I SEE TURN AROUND DETAIL Ya III SHEET 3.0 DETAIL 3 GRASS/VACANT 1 ,144,160 _J o � 1 w W 0 -, � I PROPOSED TEMPORARY •' •' SOLAR SITE USR SOLAR RACKING 385,330 ≥o I CONSTRUCTION TRAILER xi #USR22-0027 I O cc x 11 : I I Y crud ��// . J Q QI I O W a � - 1 I I1 -I t1 V) X ' I O ! 1 covJ in fa V Q) Z X m v i I EXISTING GAS LINE W o � I I w w a w D n ,- I II II o6 CC ow tc 0 U i i 01 Z "Ow X _ L _ J _ _ SITE PLAN Q I6 - 7 1 fl 1nr' r j- r - 11P I 1 ,. _100 CO to � v II` I I PRELIMINARY c0o CO 8 FOR REVIEW ONLY Y< I X II NOT FOR - _� - NORTH CONSTRUCTION coo M { Kimley*Horn [ i Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. o PROJECT NO. U 16 * NI — — — — — — — — — M GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET .I X X — X X X X •I-I 0 50 100 200 196664001 '— 11 lip �� p 'i' g n"j i � a � slp IL g � � � � � � � 1� � � � � � � � � � ` � � ' ' • f '` .. .... DRAWING NAME UI O RAD O z = MATCHLINE SEE SHEET 2. 1 MOW NBAIY E EI OM.'�•F �;0'X! Y�V EIC. ` 2 . 0 CBEP SOLAR 9, LLC ECA CO LEAD PO BOX 1255 STERLING , CO 80751 C L O U D B R E A K (970) 425-3175 INFO©CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM DATE: June 26 , 2023 PROJECT: Sand Creek Solar Project SUBJECT: Utility and Other Infrastructure Owners Infrastructure Owner Name Address Plugged and Abandoned Noble Energy / Chevron 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road Gas Well San Ramon , CA 94583 Gas Pipeline DCP Midstream LP 6900 E Layton Ave Ste 900 , Denver, CO 80237 , US Overhead Electric Lines Public Service Company of 1801 Larimer St, Denver, CO Colorado DBA Xcel Energy 80202 (970) 425-3175 I I N FO©a CLOU DBREAKEN ERGY.COM I CLOUDBREAKENERGY.COM ERGY.COM FOR COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS , PLEASE COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION : Business Name : CBEP Solar 9 , LLC and ECA CO Lead Phone : (970) 425-3175 Address : PO Box 1255 City, state , zip : Sterling , CO 80751 Business Owner: Cloudbreak Energy Partners, LLC Phone : (970) 425-3175 Home Address : PO Box 1255 City, state , zip : Sterling , CO 80751 List up to three persons in the order to be called in the event of an emergency: NAME TITLE PHONE ADDRESS Zachary Brammer COO (970) 425-3175 PO Box 1255 , Sterling , CO 80751 Becca Gallery Partner (970) 573-6440 PO Box 1255 , Sterling , CO 80751 James Cleland CEO (970) 425-3175 PO Box 1255, Sterling , CO 80751 Business Hours : 8-5 Days : M-F UTILITY SHUT OFF LOCATIONS : Main Electrical : Depicted on USR Map Gas Shut Off: N/A Exterior Water Shutoff: N/A Interior Water Shutoff: N/A 07/22 12 Weld County Treasurer Statement of Taxes Due Account Number R8979772 Parcel 080334200006 Legal Description Situs Address PT E2NW4 AND PT W2E2SW4 34-6-65 BEG N4 SEC COR TH S00D0SW 2648 77 N88D46W 660 15 S00D03W 2646 N88D46W 401 96 N00D03E 330 t N88D48W 257 98 N00D03E 2316 l i N00D03E 2180 43 S88DS0E 467 05 N00D02E 466 85 S88DS0E 854 57 TO POB Account: R8979772 CBEP LAND 2 LLC 4845 PEARL EAST CIR STE 118 #53242 BOULDER, CO 80301 -6112 Year Charges Billed Payments Balance 2022 _ Tax $2,284.88 $2.284.88 $0.00 Grand Total Due as of 06/21 /2023 $0.00 Tax Billed at 2022 Rates for Tax Area 0684 - 0684 Authority Mill Levy Amount Values Actual Assessed WELD COUNTY 15 0380000* $417. 76 AG-FLOOD $ 105, 190 $27,770 SCHOOL DIST #6 50.3990000 $ 1 ,400. 08 IRRRIGATED LAND NORTHERN COLORADO WATER 1 . 0000000 $27 78 AG-WASTE LAND $7 $ 10 (NC r Total $ 105, 197 $27,780 WESTERN HILLS FIRE 5 .9100000* $ 164. 18 AIMS JUNIOR COLLEGE 6.3070000 $ 175 .21 HIGH PLAINS LIBRARY 3 . 1810000 $88.37 WEST GREELEY CONSERVATION 0.4140000 $ 11 50 Taxes Billed 2022 82.2490000 $2,284 88 * Credit Levy ALL TAX LIEN SALE AMOUNTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE DUE TO ENDORSEMENT OF CURRENT TAXES BY THE LIENHOLDER OR TO ADVERTISING AND DISTRAINT WARRANT FEES . CHANGES MAY OCCUR AND THE TREASURER'S OFFICE WILL NEED TO BE CONTACTED PRIOR TO REMITTANCE AFTER THE FOLLOWING DATES : PERSONAL PROPERTY, REAL PROPERTY, AND MOBILE HOMES - AUGUST 1 44, iw Weld County Treasurer's Office 1400 N 17th Avenue • PO Box 458 P di �. �.. ,� Greeley, CO 80632 Phone : 970-400-3290 Pursuant to the Weld County Subdivision Ordinance , the attached Statement of Taxes Due issued by the Weld County Treasurer are evidence that as of this date, all current and prior year taxes related to this parcel have been paid in full . Signed : Qate : /011 44 fi Hello