HomeMy WebLinkAbout20242192.tiffINVENTORY OF ITEMS FOR CONSIDERATION
Applicant Sunlight Farm, LLC
Case Number USR24-0010
Submitted or Prepared
Prior to
Hearing
At
Hearing
1
Letter
from Owen &
Kimberly
Johnson
dated
4/10/2024
X
2
Letter
from Randy &
Debby Anderson dated
4/14/2024
X
3
Letter
from
Brad
&
Lisa
Moos
X
4
Letter
from
Brian &
Dawn
Hamilton
(photos
attached)
X
5
Pivot
Energy
E-mail
dated
April
22, 2024
X
6
Correspondence
(e -mails)
between
Brian
L
Hamilton
&
Pivot
Energy
X
7
Correspondence
between
Kim & Owen Johnson
&
Pivot
Energy
X
8
Redacted
preparation
Service Agreement
and seed drilling
regarding
on Sunlight
weed
Property
spraying,
ground
X
9
Applicant
e-mail
Response
to
Brian &
Dawn
Hamilton
received 7/8/24
X
10
Heat
Island
Impact
Report
dated
5/24/2024
X
11
E-mail
response
Pivot
to Hamilton
dated 7/29/2024
X
12
E-mail
approval
from
1.G
Pivot
Energy received 8/5/2024 re amending condition
of
X
13
Memo
8/6/2024
to
Planning
Commission outlined
proposed
condition
1.G
dated
X
14
E -Mail
received
correspondence
3/22/24
and 3/25/24
from Colorado
Parks
and Wildlife
re
fencing
X
I hereby certify that the 14 items identified herein were submitted to the Department of Planning Services
at or prior to the scheduled Planning Commissioners hearing.
eft.
Chris Gathman, Planner III
KOSE t ACRES, LLC
OWEN & KIM JOHNSON
34285 CR 47
EATON, CO 80615
10 April 2024
TO: Weld County Planning Services
Case #USR24-0010
Name: Blanca Lydia Eifert
Planner: Chris Gathman
SUBJECT: Objection to Solar Energy Facility in the A (Agricultural) Zone
L I am writing to object to the proposed Solar Energy Facility in the A (Agricultural) Zone
located west of and adjacent to CR 47, and approximately 385 feet north of CR 70.
2, lYP p �' rQ ert y and home is located directly north of the proposed Solar Energy Facility and
shares the longest border of any adjacent property. We live in the area because it is
agricultural, and the proposed facility detracts from the agricultural aspect in many ways.
a. There is a well -documented negative effect on natural wildlife, specifically raptors.
Although .h some of the bird deaths are due to unknown reasons caused by solar arrays,, many
havebeenmaimed orinjured. This s specifically
killed due to physically being p y has been
shown to affect water fowl, which include ducks and geese common in the area, when they
mistakethe panels a or for lake pond. This could also affect Bald Eagles and several species
:
of hawks and owls, which are commonly seen on or near the property in question.
b. Solar panel arrays significantly detract from the agricultural aesthetics. The land lease is
for 20 years, so for a large part of the remainder of our lives, we will have to view the eye
�
sore that is the solar project multiple times a day as we come and go from our home. This is
not something we expected or want to deal with living, in our rural Weld County home.
p
3. As a pilot who takes off and lands on our property and has children learning to fly as well, I
am concerned with the potential hazards of glare from the project. The main factors that
influence theglare are sun position, tilt angle, surface texture, color.-, and location of the panels
influ
aaccompanying mounting
and structure... The proposed location is right off the end of, and
adjacent ac ent to, our grass landing strip. . The glare could cause a dangerous situation in the critical
phases es of fl(takeoff . ht and landin ), and could cause eye damage according to the Federal
l as g
Aviation Administration (FAA.gov).
4. we Although vehemently disapprove of the Solar Energy Facility in the proposed location,
g
if it is approved, there are items that we would like to see implemented, which Pivot Energy
re resentatives have verbally indicated they would be willing to accomplish during their
,P
informational open house in December, 2023.
EXHIBIT
!1
irrigated grass stand well -established on the property prior to any solar panel
a. An err , _ This � -, is - mitigate ` and their spread to
installation(or associated structure). I his important to mitigate weeds p ,
and soil
neighboring agricultural land, increase the visual aesthetics, and to prevent dust
erosion.
h. Landscape
screening — Pivot indicated they would provide an allowance for landscape
screening such as trees and shrubs for the neighboring properties. Following the open house
meeting, we were informed that it would only apply to neighbors whose residences are
within 500 feet p
of the solar panels. Our house is more than 500 feet away, but our driveway
is 20 feet away,multiple we use multi. le times each day. Therefore, we request that the
landscape screening g apply �' l to any interested neighboring property owner, regardless of the
"residence" i n from the solar project. Additionally, although our house is more than
location
500 feet away, it is located p uphill from the property so we still have a clear view of the
proposed location, and would prefer to have it hidden from our view.
p
the SolarEnergy Facility be denied. However, if approved, it is our
� . Our request � s that
request and expectation that the aforementioned land preparation and landscaping/screening
items be written into the conditional development standards before granting apermit to
proceed with the project.
XOwen Johnson
Owen and Kimberly Johnson
KOSEE /Acres, LLC Owners
Signed by. JOHNSON.OWEN.CHAUNCEY.1240767f 7
R
Weld County Plarin‘rlDeVA
Date: 4/14/2024
Case # USR24-0010
To the attention of: Chris Gathman
My wife and I are the property owners directly to the South of the property owned by Blanca Eifert. Our
address is: 34037 CR 47. We are in favor of the Pivot Energy solar project due to the poor management
of the Eifert property. Over the years we have suffered greatly from the dirt blowing from this property
causing a great deal of expense to have the drifts removed from our property. I know that the county
had to remove 49 truckloads of dirt which drifted and filled the ditches across county road 47 to the
East. Our main concern is this: Will Pivot Energy guarantee proper management of the land by
establishing ground cover to prevent windblown soil erosion and weed control. I know that our other
neighbors have this concern as well. I also know our neighbors have other concerns and 1 hope that Pivot
Energy will respect their concerns.
Kind regards,
R idy and Debbie And rson
t,c`t t- , ,, ; 4_,A87/V.
CP: 970-443#4894
34037 CR 47
Eaton, CO 80615
Weld County Planning Services
Case #USR24-OO1O
Name: Blanca Lydia Eifert
Planner: Chris Gathman
Mr. Gathman
Our residence is west of the Eifert property that is under consideration for
a Solar Energy Facility. Pivot Energy held an informational open house
on December 11, 2023. During this meeting with the surrounding
neighbors, they stated several things that neighbors can request to
minimize the negative impact of having a solar facility installed next to
their properties.
Our primary concern, which has been communicated to Pivot Energy, is
that there be an irrigated grass stand well -established on the property
PRIOR to any vertical installation of solar panels or any associated
structure. This is important to mitigate weeds, prevent soil erosion and
dust, and be visually more appealing. This is a long -neglected properly
which will require a significant effort to produce awell-established stand
of grass. We would like Pivot Energy to commit to irrigating newly
seeded grass to provide the best opportunity for this to happen.
Pivot Energy also indicated that they would provide an allowance for
landscape screening. We want them to follow through with this for any
adjacent property owner who requests it.
It is our expectation that Weld County will require Pivot Energy to meet
these conditional development standards bcfore granting them a pennit to
proceed with this project.
Respectfully,
/2
Brad and Lisa Moos
22639 County Road 70
Eaton, CO 80615
970-481-9201
'Il
, A ) <; -
i it v`•-�
` P �
'E
Weld County ' !i, n r O69\.
Weld County Planning Services,
I am writing this letter in opposition to the proposed project Case #USR24-0010 for
Solar Energy Facility in the A zone district on Bianca Eifert's property.
My property is directly affected by this solar project proposal. I have attached pictures
that show the view from what would be my front porch, that would face directly East.
The first picture is what I had planned to look at when I purchased this property when
look out to the East with no Solar Panels. The second picture is a simulation from Pivot
Energy that shows exactly what I will be looking at when 1 look to the East from my front
porch that will be 150 feet away from the property line. The solar panels will be facing
directly at my property in the afternoon and evening hours. It is not the landscape view I
planned to look at every day when f purchased this property in 2022.
When I attended the town hall that Pivot Energy hosted in Eaton the smart remark was
"Well you don't have your house built yet, so face it a different direction." While that is
easier said than done, I paid for and designed this house to look East from my set
location. Moving my planned house to another location on my property changes the
layout and design entirely and would incur added costs to me. I have been trying to
work with Pivot as cordially as I can, but I am not getting a lot of information.
In the town hall Pivot stated they would accommodate and work with us as neighbors
and would install landscaping including trees to block some of the panel view and make
our Eastern view more palatable. In the third photo I have attached, you can see that
Pivot offered bushes, but the bushes are placed on MY property. That's convenient
because now it takes up my acreage and then I must take care of, water, and maintain
those bushes. It negates their responsibility and doesn't consume any of their land, and
uses my dollars and my time to maintain.
In the last picture that I attached; Pivot Energy had offered a fence around the property
to make a cleaner look of the solar panel project. This is not a very appealing look at all
from my property either, and would be a very expensive option for them.
Pivot states there is no proof that the solar panel farm increases the temperature at the
fence line of the property as well, but when asked about who will be monitoring that
daily and if I will get those readings, I get no answer.
Pivot Energy advertised they would plant native grass and coverage and have it
established for 3 years before the panels can go in. Pivot Energy has no water rights
with the land and have mentioned the water is too expensive for them to purchase. The
ditch that could run irrigation water to the property has not run water in over 6 years,
Pivot Energy has not checked to see if that ditch would hold water if they were able to
purchase water. How will they establish and maintain anything other than noxious
weeds if they can't purchase or get water to the planted seed? Pivot Energy stated in
the townhall they would begin the build process late 2024 or early 2025, and not the
mentioned 3 years.
I have also asked for the information of the company that is doing the underwriting for
Pivot Energy to see what happens to the panels and the property if Pivot Energy should
go bankrupt. I have not seen those documents, or seen the information of that
company. If there is no underwriter what happens in that scenario?
With the hailstorms that Colorado gets annually, what is the mitigation plan if the panels
are damaged beyond repair or damaged so severe that they begin to leak the liquid
mixture of Lead and Cadmium from the panels? What if it runs off down to water ways?
Is there a -bond in place to cover the cost of cleanup and what is the hazardous waste
mitigation plan? if that hazardous material is left without mitigation, it could contaminate
the ground water and irrigation water. The front glass of most solar panels is 2.8mm or
3.2mm thick, both make the panels more susceptible to severe damage that could
cause those leaks. 4mm or thicker glass is recommended to withstand the typical
Colorado hail storm. What does Pivot Energy use for the front glass on these panels?
These are answers the Planning Commission should have since I can't get seem to get
them. Since the Weld County Planning Commission has not set specific regulations and
guidelines about these Solar Projects, we are left to fight for our own rights in these
matters.
I would be more willing to cooperate if Pivot Energy was more transparent and held up
their word. In 2 short meetings they have already began to backpedal and go against
what they said they would provide in the Townhall Meeting.
Brian and Dawn Hamilton
22645 WCR 70
Eaton, Co 80615
TO LOCATION MAP
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From: Kyle Hockstad
To: Chris Gathman
Cc: Kyle Sundman
n
Subject: USR24-0010 - Pivot Solar 59 Correspondence
Date: Monday, April 22, 2024 3:45:39 PM
Attachments: C rian =iar ai_teri orresr�or��ience P55��9 2Q240605.0cj
Ji iii! Owen Jo 7srC4 if
Brad Moos Regaged Service.r areernert P559 202'"0325,od'
Caution: This email originated from outside of Weld County Government. Do not click links or open attachments unless
you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.
Hello Chris,
Please see the attached email threads for our correspondence with the neighbors on this project
for the record.
For the Hamiltons and Johnsons, these are the only correspondence we have had with them
outside of the community meeting in December of 2023.
For Brad and Lisa Moos, I have included a redacted service agreement that we entered into
with Brad for mitigating weeds and establishing grass on the subject property.
We have not had any direct communication, outside notice letters and community meeting
invitations, with the Andersons.
Thank you,
Kyle
Kyle HockstaJ1 I Sr. Associate, Project Development
khockst' ids piv..tvnergyinet
M 303.916.5199 1 Lin Win
W 970.344.8350 x737
Pivot Energy I Clean Energy. Clear Choice
STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY & DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this email message
is confidential and intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the reader of this
message is not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copy
of this email is strictly prohibited. If you have received this email in error, please notify us immediately by
emailing legal@pivo:erierg'.neJ and delete the message. Thank you.
4/22/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
(PIabswiA--
Proposed Solar Project
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad a@pivotenergy.net>
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net> Fri, Apr 5, 2024 at 4:03 PM
To: "Hamilton, Brian L" <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Hello Brian,
Excellent. Thank you for looking at those. We agree on the fence, as that stark contrast is not what we are aiming for.
Regarding the bushes, no they do not have to be placed on your property, but we believe that is often the most effective option, as the closer to
the viewer the screening is, the more the viewshed is broken up. The closer we move the bushes to the project, the less effective of a screen
they are. We prefer to give neighbors the autonomy and flexibility to install landscaping that is personalized to their liking and more efficacious
than what we may install closer to the array, as there are shading and efficiency implications the closer screening is to a solar array. That said,
we recognize that where the bushes are placed has implications for who is responsible for maintaining them and want to act in good faith and
be as good a neighbor as we can.
I am happy to jump on a call next week to discuss further if you would like.
Best,
Kyle
On Fri, Apr 5, 2024 at 1:30 PM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Yes sir, I was able to take a look at those.
Definitely don't like the look of the fence.
Are the bushes needed to be placed on MY property?
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com
phillips66 corn Follow us: Twitter I Facebook Linkedln l Instagram
Phillips 66 Logo_ _ _ _ -'-
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Friday, April 5, 2024 1:28 PM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL]Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
i•.ti4:A?; cnztatvw,terez ertsr si'AI tor .e<eR:i;ewu +xiKewni1ia:g 6Y'rXCi+
Report Suspicious
Good afternoon Brian,
I saw you were out of town when my prior email was sent over, so wanted to send a follow up to make sure it did not slip through,
Please take a look at my last email and let me know if you have any questions.
Have a great weekend.
Kyle
On Fri, Mar 29, 2024 at 1:19 PM Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>wrote:
Good afternoon Brian,
Thank you for your patience on this simulation, which was completed today Please see the attached document •
EXHIBIT
In the bottom left of each page, you will see the description of the simulation (page 1 for example being "Photo 1 - On site EXISTING
CONDITION").
https://mail.google.corn/mail/u/Onik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-a:r5076165995939349166&dsgt=1 &simpl=msg-a:r50761659 1/8
4/22/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
The midday exposure images show the panels when they are relatively flat, while the afternoon exposure shows the panels when they
would be at maximum tilt and facing the west.
We also included some screening simulations with shrubs, which are simulated at time of planting and after 5 years of growth. These are
not exact by any means, but give a general idea of breaking up the bulk and mass of the view of the solar panels.
We included the last image - a 100% opaque fence - to demonstrate what Pivot can unilaterally elect to utilize for the purpose of code
compliance. In our opinion, this creates a stark and unnatural contrast, looks more industrial than the panels alone (under which will be
grown locally appropriate grass and possibly crop production, the latter of which is in feasibility study) and is a far inferior option to either
landscaping or nothing at all.
While we appreciate that the solar is a change of use and view from what you currently see when looking at the Eifert's property, we want
to do what we can to help the array recede into the landscape as much as possible. We believe the game fence and natural forage
underneath does just that, and are open to supporting the installation of landscaping if you would like.
Please let me know if you have any questions. Have a good weekend!
Best,
Kyle
On Sun, Mar 24, 2024 at 11:45 AM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.LHamilton@p66.com>wrote
Sounds good thank you for the update.
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Briantetriamilton@p66.com
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Friday, March 22, 2024 9:36:16 AM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL]Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Good morning Brian,
I wanted to provide an update that these simulations are still in progress but will not be completed today.
It is looking to be early to mid next week now.
Best,
Kyle
On Fri, Mar 15, 2024 at 12:54 PM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Thanks Kyle we appreciate it
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Briant.Hamilton@p66.com
phillips66.com Follow us: Twitter I Facebook Linkedln Instagram
Phillips 66 Logo
IMPIEMS
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Friday, March 15, 2024 11:49 AM
Report Suspicious
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-a:r5076165995939349166&dsgt=1 &simpl=msg-a:r50761659.. 2/8
4/22/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL] Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
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Hello Brian,
Great! I have sent the images to our visual simulation partner and will provide those once available. Likely mid to late next week.
I will talk with my team and see what options we have for going to the site and placing something illustrating the physical height of the
panels.
Have a good Friday!
Kyle
On Thu, Mar 14, 2024 at 12:55 PM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Those a fairly accurate, maybe 10-15 further east of those points.
One thing we had discussed in the townhall, was having something there to give us a visual of how tall the panels would be.
That would help give us an idea what may be needed for trees or bushes.
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Briant.Hamilton@p66.com
phillips66 com Follow us: Twitter I Facebook Linkedln Instagram
[ Phillips 66 Logo
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Thursday, March 14, 2024 9:16 AM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL]Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an Untrusted Sender
You have not previously corresponded with this sender.
Hi Brian,
These will work great.
Report Suspicious
Would you be so kind as to drop a pin of where these were taken in google maps, or similar software, and take a screenshot and
send that over? Or you can confirm that the locations are where I have marked with the three red dots in the image below, as it
looks like these may be correct.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-a:r5076165995939349166&dsgt=1 &simpl=msg-a:r50761659... 3/8
4/22/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
That way we can georeference the locations of these photos for the simulation.
Best,
Kyle
On Wed, Mar 13, 2024 at 5:22 PM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian,L.Hamilton@p66_com> wrote:
Let me know if these work. This would be from our back porch of where our house is planned.
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Brian.L.Hamiltori@p66.com
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Wednesday, March 13, 2024 12:42:54 PM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L,Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL]Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message is From an Untrusted Sender
You have not previously corresponded with this sender,
Hi Brian,
Report Suspicious
Certainly. Views from one or two vantage points would be ideal, with the points being those you believe would be most materially
impacted from an eastern view perspective. Ideally, a photo from where your home porch or backyard will be and, if significantly
different from the backyard, the view from where any main window(s) overlooking the parcel will be.
Yes, we can meet you on location to discuss options after we create the simulations.
Best,
Kyle
On Wed, Mar 13, 2024 at 12:15 PM Hamilton, Brian L <BrianL.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Thank you Kyle. How many and from what vantage points? We can do multiple views, But what would you like to see?
After you send that would we be able to meet on our location to discuss options?
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com
phillips66 corn Follow us: Twitter I Facehook Linkedln Instagram
^"Phillips 66 Logo
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Wednesday, March 13, 2024 11:41 AM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: Re: [EXTERNAL]Re: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an Untrusted Sender
You have not previously corresponded with this sender.
Good morning Brian,
Report Suspicious
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-a:r5076165995939349166&dsgt=l &simpl=msg-a:r50761659.. 4/8
4/22/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
Thank you for following up on this. There has not been too much progress on this project as of yet. We are currently evaluating
weed management and grass establishment options for the parcel.
Regarding showing what the panels may look like from your parcel, a good option is for us to provide a visual simulation from
the view of your property. With that, would you be so kind as to email me some photos from your property viewing the Eifert's?
We can then overlay our site plan and digitally add the project. This gives a good frame of reference for landscaping and
screening options. The higher quality the photos, the better our simulation can be. Smartphone cameras can work as well
however.
Best,
Kyle
On Tue, Mar 12, 2024 at 5:33 PM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Good evening Kyle ,
Has there been any progress with this project? We haven't heard anything. We had talked in the town hall about your
company coming out to show us a sample of what the panels would look like so we could judge height and size and such
from our property. Has there been any progress on this? We would like to get an idea of these things so we knew what to
expect and what to look at for some landscape/trees.
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Sent: Friday, December 8, 2023 11:07:46 AM
To: Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Subject: [EXTERNALIRe: Proposed Solar Project
This Message Is From an Untrusted Sender
You have not previously corresponded with this sender.
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Hello Brian,
I hope your week is closing out well.
Wanted to follow up to ensure you received the Eaton Community Meeting information and see if you are able to attend.
Hope to see you there. We are happy to schedule a call to discuss this project with you if you are unable to attend.
Have a great weekend!
Best,
Kyle
On Fri, Dec 1, 2023 at 4:13 PM Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>wrote:
Hello Brian,
Thank you for your email and input regarding our proposed project. We provide these community letters and engagement
platforms for just this reason, as feedback and input are integral to our process. With the letter you received regarding this
project, you should have also received a community event invitation, where we would be happy to meet with you and
discuss your concerns, comments, and input. I have attached a digital invitation to that meeting that includes location and
timing details.
Thank you for your input and we hope to see you at the community meeting. If you are unable to attend for any reason, we
would be happy to schedule a phone call to discuss further.
Have a great evening and weekend.
Best,
Kyle
On Fri, Dec 1, 2023 at 8:04 AM Hamilton, Brian L <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>wrote:
Good morning Kyle,
I am responding in regards to the proposed solar project at 34101 CR 47 Eaton.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=ail&permmsgid=msg-a:r5076165995939349166&dsgt=1 &simpl=msg-a:r50761659 . 5/8
4022/24, 11:16 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Proposed Solar Project
I am not in favor of this project at all. Since my property is adjacent to the west of the proposed site, I do
n ot want to look at a field of solar panels every day. I have plans to build our house facing the east which
would be looking directly at the panels. The panels would also be facing directly at me every evening.
I do not see how a 27 -acre field of solar panels blends in with the surrounding environment. There are
farms and fields of crops and pastures, how does a 27 -acre field of black solar panels blend in with that?
You state that after construction your site will have no on -site employees, no noise, and will generate no
e missions or traffic in the area Who and how will you maintain the site? There will still be exposed
ground under the panels, in which someone has to maintain that area, as you stated 4-8 times annually.
Aren't those on -site employees and do they not create traffic going into and out of the area? If the plan is
to mow that area doesn't that create noise, emissions, and on -site employees? A typical lawnmower
produces 75 decibels of noise, if the area will be maintained multiple times annually, and that size of area,
I think there will be far more noise than "no noise". 50-60 decibels is the sound of normal conversation,
that is more than "no noise" as you stated in your letter. There will be the sound of normal conversation
n ext to my property 24/7 from the invertors? How and will the local neighbors have a say in if this
property is going to have sheep to maintain the area under the panels? The sheep may disrupt the animals
on my property causing other issues for me as a neighbor.
How will this solar panel site reduce my energy bill being adjacent to the property. What does that
reduction look like on a cloudy rainy or snowy day?
Once construction has been completed and you say there will be no on site employees, how does that
develop workforce opportunities to local residence? Are you going to prioritize hiring residence that live
within a certain area surrounding this solar project?
What revenue will this solar project create? How much will that be long-term? What is the amount of tax
dollars from a 27 acre solar project that will be created to go towards said schools, roads, and other
community resources?
I would like to be a part of a town hall if there is something made available to ensure our voices are heard
instead of a mailed letter. This is not a project 1 support even with the shift in energy innovation, and the
demands from our government. I don't see the benefits from consuming farmable ground that can provide
so much more for families in need than what a solar panel farm can provide.
Brian Hamilton
Maintenance Reliability Supervisor
303.859.7751
Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com
phillips66 corn Follow us: Twitter Facebook I Linkedln Instagrarn
Kyle I-iockst td I Sr. Associate, Project Development
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Pivot Energy I Clean Energy. Clear Choice
Kyle i--14.0< :'std I Sr. Associate, Project Development
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4/22/24, 11:11 AM
Pivot Energy Mail - Eifert CR 47 Project
timad1/4,
scroffr
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Eifert CR 47 Project
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net> Thu, Apr 11, 2024 at 12:30 PM
To: Kim and Owen Johnson <koseehomes@gmail.com>
Hello Owen,
You are most welcome!
That is great to hear Brad is willing to include your children in the vegetative management process as well and we are
excited to involve the community in the project!
Providing screening for driveways outside requirements set by Weld County code is not something we provide for both
financial and precedent reasons. For this project in particular, our screening efforts, and resources, are being largely
allocated to create an aesthetically pleasing project with established grass and a minimally impactful game fence. The
goal will be to help the array recede into the landscape as much as possible.
Though direct vegetative screening is not something we can offer for your driveway, we want to be as good of neighbors
as we can, so I have a couple ideas to propose:
1. Should we install vegetation anywhere on the site, we'd be happy to connect you with our vendor and you could
hire them directly to install landscaping as you see fit. The hope would be that since Pivot will be paying the "fixed
cost" so to speak of getting them out to the site, etc. you might realize savings for a more limited scope along your
driveway.
2. The other benefit we can offer is for your family to subscribe to one of Pivot's local Community Solar projects and
receive a larger savings discount than typically offered to subscribers. Typical savings are 10%, where we would
be willing to offer you 20% should the project be completed. We'd be happy to connect you with our subscription
team to learn more about this, but the short of it is that it's a guaranteed savings, no termination fee, no strings
attached structure.
On your new drivers: for the intersection of your driveway and CR 47, the array itself should set back from the road with
plenty of room for safety. Our current site plans have the project fence 35' back from the ditch running N -S on the west
side of CR 47, with an additional 16' of setback from the fence to the array. So, roughly, there will be a 51'+ setback to the
array on CR 47, which should provide plenty of space for your family to see south when stopping at the end of the
driveway. Also, the fence will be a cedar post game fence (the same fencing Colorado Parks and Wildlife uses) that is
easy to see through. I have included an example of what this fencing generally looks like below.
Please do not hesitate to reach out with any further questions. Thank you again for your time and for engaging in a
collaborative discussion.
Best,
Kyle
PS, If we ultimately have additional flexibility in the construction level designs of the project, we're noting for our
engineering team your preference that the array be as far south (away from your driveway) and west (away from CR47)
as possible. No guarantees (I'm not an engineer), but just want to let you know that we'll do our best to work with you in
good faith on this.
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4/22/24, 11:11 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Eifert CR 47 Project
On Thu, Apr 11, 2024 at 8:37 AM Kim and Owen Johnson <koseehomes@gmail.com>wrote
Kyle,
Thank you for all the information!
I've spoken with Brad about vegetative management and he's willing to include my kids in the process.
With regard to dwelling setbacks, I understand our house is not within 500'. That being said, our driveway is adjacent to
the property so we see it multiple times every day. If your company is willing to work with us for vegetative screening
we'd be very grateful.
Also, as I have a teenager driving and 2 more kids who will be driving in the next few years, what is the project setback
distance from CR 47? With the high amount of traffic on CR 47 (with people often driving well above the speed limit),
I'm concerned that the solar project will create a dangerous situation when exiting our driveway.
Thanks again for your communications.
Respectfully,
Owen
On Tue, Apr 2, 2024, 12:39 PM Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>wrote:
Hello Mr. Johnson,
Thank you for your message and for participating in our "town hall". Pivot takes pride in our commitment to engage
with and take feedback from the community surrounding our projects. We know that you lived there first and want to
be as respectful and collaborative as your neighbor is pursuing a change of use on their property. From your
comments, it appears we are generally in alignment with expectations around this project, which I'm happy to see.
Grass and Vegetative Management
O We are actually working with your neighbor, Brad Moos, to preemptively improve the Eifert parcel within
the next few weeks (we got some photos today and it is already looking better!). We learned from Brad
that by investing in pre -seeding during the spring season/moisture, the grass has the best chance of
establishing prior to any solar construction. The added benefit is that regardless of whether our project
comes to fruition, our good -faith investment will create a much more visually appealing parcel with less
nuisance/weed issues for neighbors like you.
® I think it is a wonderful idea to involve your children in maintaining the parcel if/when this project comes
to fruition. We are currently in talks with Brad Moos for an ongoing vegetation management plan that
includes drip irrigation once the project is active and we will ask Brad to specifically include
opportunities for you children (and others) to be part of the project. Pivot Energy actively works with 4-H
already, so this is right in our wheelhouse.
6
Landing Strip and Site Access
• Regarding utility lines and poles, anything outside the Eifert property is Xcel Energy's domain, so
cannot comment on what their plans will be. However, we are interconnecting on the southeast corner
of the Eiefert property, so it is highly unlikely any further infrastructure would be required to the north.
O The site access will be from the current Eifert driveway located in the southeast corner of the parcel.
Your driveway to the north will not be used for this project.
• Landscaping
O For landscaping and screening, Pivot complies with the section of Weld County code that relates to
setbacks from residential buildings. In short, if the array is within 500', Pivot has the option to install
landscaping or opaque screening at our discretion, or work with neighbors inside that radius to find an
alternative that works for everyone. Often times, we offer to have a professional landscaper install
screening on the neighbor's property as it's closer to the viewpoint and does better effectuating the
intent of the screening. At the town hall we discussed these options but want to be clear for the record
that we did not "offer to landscape around the border of the system" — that is never something we offer
as its unnecessarily expensive, usually ineffective, and causes a stark and unnatural contrast which we
think actually makes the entire area look worse.
o That said, your residence falls outside of the setback requirement at almost 1000' from the nearest
corner of the array, so this is not applicable. Rest assured though, as we note above, Pivot is working
hard to ensure that there is a full and well maintained, aesthetically pleasing grass strand under the
panels at all times. We also use a simple game fence around our sites which, when combined with
vegetation under and around the panels, we think further helps the project recede into the landscape
and hope you'll agree.
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4/22/24, 11:11 AM Pivot Energy Mail - Eifert CR 47 Project
Do you have any specific ideas of things your kids could help Brad with for long-term vegetation management? We'll
certainly bring that up with him and get back to you with suggestions.
Thank you for your time and for reaching out! Please let me know if you have any further questions.
Best,
Kyle
On Mon, Apr 1, 2024 at 12:10 PM Kim and Owen Johnson <koseehomes@gmail.com>wrote:
Mr. Hockstad,
Good morning! I am the owner to the north of the Eifert property and have the longest border with the Eifert
property. At the "townhall" meetings your representatives assured us your company would be willing to landscape
around the border of the solar project. I had an estimate from a local landscaping company done. The estimate is
for the border on my property, and along the County Road on behalf of the neighbors to the east.
I would also like to inform you that our property is used as a landing strip so no additional power lines are allowed
to be erected next to our property (nor taller ones).
If you were willing to bury the power lines along the property border, I would support that.
The representatives also mentioned that native grasses & flora would be planted and maintained under the solar
panels. That is important to us for aesthetics, but more importantly to keep the spread of weeds out of our hay &
crops. Also, we have children that participate in agricultural pursuits (4H, FFA, etc), and they would be interested in
being hired to maintain the grass levels through sheep/ goat grazing, which could be good advertising for your
company.
Also, I wanted to make sure it was clear from the Eiferts that our driveway is not to be used for anything other than
our own personal access use. There is no public/project access allowed to the Eifert property from our driveway
(north of the Eiferts).
Thank you for your time,
Owen Johnson
KOSEE Acres, LLC
Live at (34285 CR 47, Eaton, CO)
Kyle Hockstad 1 Sr. Associate, Project Development
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M 303,916.5199 Linkedln
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Pivot Energy I Clean Energy. Clear Choice
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the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copy of this email is strictly
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and delete the message. Thank you.
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SERVICE AGREEMENT
This Services Agreement (the "Agreement") is made as of 03/25/2024(the "Effective
Date"), by and between Brad Moos (the "Contractor") and Pivot Energy Renewable Services LLC
(the "Client"). Contractor and Client may be referred to herein in the singular as a "Party" and
collectively as the "Parties." In consideration of the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the
Parties hereby agrees as follows:
I. Services. The Contractor shall provide, as independent contractor, all necessary labor,
materials, equipment, supplies, accessories, transportation, and services required for the
completion of all work (referred to herein as "Services") described by this Agreement
and more specifically described in Exhibit A, (the "Scope of Services"). The Contractor
agrees to provide evidence of services completed, as described in Exhibit B, (the
"Evidence of Completed Services").
2. Pricing. Client shall pay Contractor for performance of the Services (the
"Contract Price"). Client will pay undisputed invoices within thirty (30) days of receipt.
Any additional work proposed by either Party must receive prior written approval of both
parties at an agreed upon price. Unless otherwise expressed hereon, prices include all
sales, use, excise, or similar taxes. Contractor shall be responsible for any permit or
governmental fees associated with the Services. Final payment shall constitute a waiver
of all claims for payment by Contractor relating to the Contractor 's Services under the
Agreement, but shall in no way relieve the Contractor of its obligations under this
Agreement. The parties agree that all representations, indemnifications, and other
obligations of the Contractor shall survive the execution, performance, or termination
hereof and shall continue thereafter and may be enforced by Client.
3. Term. This Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and continue until
completion of the Scope of Services. Contractor shall complete the Services within 60
days of the Effective Date.
4. Legal Access and Authorization. Client hereby authorizes Contractor to access the
property located at 34101 County Road 47, Eaton, Colorado 80615, 40.496178 latitude,
-104.622921 longitude (the "Property") for performances of the Services.
5. Warranty. The Services shall be performed by qualified personnel having full knowledge
and experience in work of the nature to be performed. The Contractor shall turn the
Services over to the Client free and clear of all claims or liens. Contractor agrees to
comply with all labor law requirements and practices, including participation, non-
discrimination, equal opportunity, and local hiring and agrees to monitor and review and
report compliance to Client during the course of the Services.
6. Work Product. All field data, field notes, computations, mapping, reports, final drawings,
documents and other data produced by Contractor or its subcontractors in performing its
obligations under this Agreement shall remain the property of Client.
7. Subcontractors. Contractor will be responsible for all work performed by any
subcontractor.
8. Safety. Contractor shall comply with all applicable laws and applicable procedures
otherwise in effect at the Property regarding safety, security and fire protection to prevent
accidents and injuries to persons or damage to property on or about the Property,
including the Property.
9. Insurance. Contractor shall provide Client with a certificate of insurance evidencing
Contractor's coverage for the following limits of insurance, in form and with an
insurance carrier satisfactory to Client: Commercial General Liability
Automobile, Workers' Compensation, minimum required by law; and
Employer's Liability The Contractor's insurance shall apply on a primary
and non- contributory basis. All of Contractor's insurers must have a minimum Best's
rating of A -X. The Client and its affiliates, agents, employees, directors, and officers
shall be added as "Additional. Insureds" to the Commercial General Liability and
Automobile policy.
10. Indemnification. Contractor agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to indemnify
and hold harmless the Client, its affiliates, officers, directors and employees from all
damages, liabilities or costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees and defense costs, to the
extent caused by Contractor's negligent performance of professional services under this
Agreement and that of its subcontractors or anyone for whom Contractor is legally liable.
Neither the Client nor Contractor shall be obligated to indemnify the other party in any
manner whatsoever for the other party's own negligence or of the negligence of others.
11 Termination. If the other Party has committed any material breach of its obligations under
this Agreement and has failed to cure such breach within thirty (30) days of written
notice by the non -breaching Party (or, if such breach is not reasonably curable within
thirty (30) days, has failed to begin and continue to work diligently and in good faith to
cure such breach), then such non -breaching party may terminate this Agreement and/or
pursue any remedies available at law or equity, as so limited herein.
12. Limitation of Damages. Neither Party will under any circumstances be liable for any
indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages of any nature, whether based on
contract, tort or other legal theory including, without limitation, business interruption
costs or loss of profit or revenue, even if the other Party has been advised of the
possibility of such damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such limitation of liability
shall not be applicable to (i) a party's gross negligence, intentional misconduct, or fraud,
(ii) damages covered by insurance, or (iii) for any third party indemnification obligations.
13. Lien Waivers. Contractor shall furnish, if requested by Client, all necessary lien waivers,
affidavits, or other documents, in form satisfactory to Client, required to keep Client's
premises free from any and all liens or claims for liens, arising out of labor, materials, or
equipment furnished hereunder.
2
14. Compliance with Laws. Contractor shall comply with all applicable laws, rules,
regulations, and orders of any governmental authority.
15. Miscellaneous
a. Confidential ity. All commercial matters that exist between Client and Contractor
are strictly confidential and will not be discussed or divulged to any third party,
except to Client's or Contractor's Representatives. The receiving Party shall be
responsible for any breach of the terms of this Agreement applicable to
Representatives by any Representatives to whom the receiving Party has disclosed
confidential information. References to "Representatives" in this Agreement
shall mean, with respect to either Party hereto, its affiliates and the officers,
directors, employees, agents, financing sources, current and prospective investors,
consultants, contractors, and advisors (including counsel and accountants) of such
Party and its affiliates and representatives of any of the foregoing.
b. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains all agreements of the Parties with
respect to its subject matter. No prior agreement or understanding pertaining to
any such matter will be effective. This Agreement may be modified only by a
writing signed by the Parties. All exhibits and schedules attached to this
Agreement are incorporated by this reference.
c. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held
invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, then the validity, legality, and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall in no way be affected or impaired thereby and the
Parties shall negotiate in good faith to restore insofar as practicable the benefits to
each Party that were affected by such ruling.
d. Governing Lair. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of
Colorado, without giving effect to its principles of conflicts of law. Venue will
be in the state where the project is located and each of the parties hereby consents
to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts
therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the
fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have
to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court
or that any such suit, action or proceeding which is brought in any such court has
been brought in an inconvenient forum. EACH PARTY KNOWINGLY,
VOLUNTARILY AND INTENTIONALLY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO A JURY
TRIAL IN ANY ACTION BASED ON THIS AGREEMENT, OR ARISING
OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, OR
ANY COURSE OF CONDUCT, COURSE OF DEALING, STATEMENTS
(WHETHER VERBAL OR WRITTEN) OR ACTIONS OF ANY PARTY. THIS
PROVISION IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT TO EACH PARTY'S
ENTERING THIS AGREEMENT.
e. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts and by
facsimile or electronic signature, each of which shall be deemed an original and
all of which together shall constitute one instrument.
f. Waiver. No waiver of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be
effective unless in writing and signed by the Party against whom such waiver is
sought to be enforced.
g -
Assignment. No Party shall assign or transfer this Agreement, or any interest
herein, without the prior written consent of the other Party which shall not be
unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Contractor hereby specifically consents to the assignment of this Agreement
by Client to any lender or other entity providing financing for the project or to an
entity under common ownership or control of Client.
[Signatures on the Next Page]
Executed by the parties below through their authorized representatives, as of the
Effective Date.
Client:
Pivot Energy Renewable Services LLC
By: `,4 sada"'
Name: Kyle Sundman
Title: Authorized Representative
5
Contractor:
[ Brad Moos
v'
By: D.&ad Moos (Mar 2420241606 MDT)
Name: Brad Moos
Title: Authorized Representative
Exhibit A
Scope of Services
Service
Cost
' er
Acre
Total
Cost at 27 Acres
Weed Spraying and
Ground
Preparation
Drill
Seeding
Labor
Smooth
Brome
Seed
Total
Cost
6
Exhibit B
Evidence of Completed Services
To provide completion evidence for the services listed in Exhibit A, the Contractor shall
provide the following deliverables to the client at the completion of each service. The Client
understands these requirements do not guarantee performance and only serve to showcase the
services have been completed in good faith.
1. Weed Spraying and round_Preparat on
a. The Contractor shall provide photos of before and after services have been
completed. Photos shall include equipment and herbicides utilized, the
state of the project area prior to mitigation and preparation, and the state of
the project area after mitigation and preparation.
b. The contractor shall provide, in writing, a brief description of the services
completed.
2. Drill Seed ingSmooth. Brome Seed
a. The Contractor shall provide photos of before and after services have been
completed. Photos shall include equipment and seed -type utilized, the
state of the project area prior to drill seeding, and the state of the project
area after drill seeding.
b. The contractor shall provide, in writing, a brief description of the services
completed.
7
7/8/24, 1:17 PM Pivot Energy Mail - Pivot Solar 59 LLC Follow Up
r4L
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
Pivot Solar 59 LLC Follow Up
1 message
Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@pivotenergy.net>
To: "Hamilton, Brian L" <Brian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Cc: Kyle Sundman <ksundman@pivotenergy.net>
Hello Brian and Dawn,
Mon, Jul 8, 2024 at 1:12 PM
I hope you both are doing well, and your summer is off to a nice start. I wanted to check in to see if you had any further
questions regarding the project and the simulation photos I sent a few months ago. Happy to discuss these further and
evaluate options.
We also received your objection letter from the County planners, and I wanted to take a moment to address the concerns
you raised
Landscaping and Screening
• We certainly do want to work with you and the other neighbors in the area to implement vegetation,
landscaping, and/or screening to make the project as palatable as we can. The simulation images we sent
are potential options and not final, and we are willing to place vegetation closer to the project, if that is
desired. Again, we find that vegetation right next to the project is not as effective as providing a stipend for
neighbors to landscape their own properties as they please, but it is still a valid option.
▪ Grass Coverage / Vegetation Management
o Pivot intends to irrigate the subject parcel if doing so is financially feasible. We are evaluating our options
and plan to implement a form of drip irrigation for grass or crop establishment, which will likely be overseen
and managed by Brad Moos. We have already been working with Brad to evaluate water and vegetation
management and believe that we have a viable path forward. We feel working with someone who a) has a
strong background in agronomy and b) has aligned interests with the rest of the neighbors of this site,
seeing as he also has a strong preference for the solar project to be as aesthetically pleasing and
unassuming as possible, was the best option for everybody.
O In an effort of good faith, Pivot has already contracted with Brad this spring to weed, seed, and spray the
Eifert's property to establish grass as far in advance to panel installation as we can. If you visit the property
this summer, you will see Brad has done a great job of getting the grass started and is continuing weed
mitigation efforts.
• Solar Project Ambient Temperatures
O I have not received any requests for this information, so please forward those emails if possible. I cannot
find any messages from you on this.
o To answer your questions, the studies we have found and conducted show that solar projects can have a
slightly lower temperature (around 0.7 °F) than the surrounding area, as the panels absorb part of solar
radiation rather than reflecting it back into the local vicinity. These effects can even be enhanced with proper
vegetative management practices under the panels, alternatively to a vacant field. I have attached a recent
report supporting this.
O We also employ remote monitoring systems for a variety of factors, one of which is temperature. We not
only monitor the ambient site temperatures, but the front and back of each solar module as well. These are
all carefully and continually monitored to ensure optimum project operation.
• Underwriting
• I apologize if I missed any emails from you regarding your underwriting request, but I have not seen any
messages from you with this request. Would you please resend them?
o To answer your question, we provide a bond to the county that covers decommissioning costs should
anything happen to Pivot. The bond covers decommissioning costs for project removal, in the unlikely event
Pivot was unable to continue managing the project.
• For our underwriters, we work with First Citizens Bank and our bonding is managed by RLI Corp.
• Hail and General Damage
• As mentioned, we closely monitor our systems and immediately address any damage or abnormalities, as
these result in production loss. Our teams quickly replace any damaged panels.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a:r3585027110590408689&simpl=msg-a:r388037991673551 1/2
7/8/24, 1:17 PM Pivot Energy Mail - Pivot Solar 59 LLC Follow Up
® Specifically for hail, when a storm is coming through, our panels have a "hail stow" setting where the panels
are oriented vertically to minimize their exposure and impact potential, so the hail more glances off the
panels rather than hit straight on. We have not seen significant damage from hailstorms in the past. For
example, the recent storms that came through the front range (which hailed on several of our projects) did
not damage any panels, while cars and roofs were significantly impacted.
o For panel materials, our panels meet all local and federal standards for safety. Generally, we use bi-facial
panels, with 2 mm of glass on either side of the solar cells, for a total thickness of 4 mm. I also wanted to
clarify there are no liquids in the panels and they are almost entirely composed of silicon and aluminum.
They also have a layer of encapsulation film on either side of the solar cells, so should the glass break for
any reason, the silicon wafer cells are still protected.
I am happy to discuss further with you in person as well and come by for a site visit. Please let me know if you have any
further questions
Best regards,
Kyle
Kyle Hockstad
Sr. Associate, Project Development
d: 303,916 6199
w: 970 344,8360 x737
LinkedIn
V
Energy
Powering Progress.
Certified
Corporation
HEAT ISLAND IMPACT REPORT_LeiZhao_20240515.pdf
1286K
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ik=baf4674ade&view=pt&search=ail&permthid=thread-a:x3585027110590408689&simpl=msg-a:r388037991673551 2/2
HEAT ISLAND IMPACT REPORT - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Impact Study on Heat Island Effect of a Proposed Solar Project
Prepared For:
PIVOT ENERGY INC.
1601 Wewatta St., Suite 700
Denver, CO 80202
Submitted By:
Lei Zhao
Assistant Professor
Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Illinois Urbana -Champaign
May 14th 2024
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Pivot Energy Inc. is proposing a 5MW AC community solar project — Bureau Solar 2 LLC
(hereafter the "Project") that will occupy approximately 29.3 acres of farmland in the Bureau
County (site plan attached below as Fig. 1). The Project will consist of arrays of solar
photovoltaic (PV) panel and farm hay and/or alfalfa between the arrays, as well as plant corn
outside the project fence in the remaining 10 acres of the parcels.
As an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the
University of Illinois Urbana -Champaign, I (Lei Zhao, Ph.D.) have been invited to provide an
objective, in-depth assessment on whether the proposed project will result in any significant heat
island (i.e., localized increase in near -surface air temperature) effect. This abbreviated report
summarizes the analysis and assessment results based on literature review of peer -reviewed
scientific papers published in top -ranked journals (including my own research laboratory's work)
and some initial quantitative estimates (see Methodology below). This assessment report can be
included by the Pivot Energy Inc. for submission in their application for entitlement for the
Project development.
I have conducted a thorough literature review on the climatic effects of solar PV/solar farm
implementation across scales. Both the state-of-the-art studies and my own analyses have shown
that implementation of community- or local -scale solar farm (i.e., arrays of solar PV panels) is
highly unlikely to cause any local warming (i.e., heat island) effect. Many studies including my
own groups' have shown that the development of a solar farm could actually have a slight local
cooling effect due to its biophysical effect on the land -atmosphere interactions. This is
particularly the case when the electricity generated by the solar farm is not largely consumed on
site, which applies to this proposed Project. In addition, this Project also proposes to farm hay
grass or alfalfa between the arrays and grow corn right outside the project fence in the parcels.
This will further enhance the local cooling effect due to the potential increase evapotranspiration
from the grass and corn field. In summary, I conclude that the proposed Project is highly unlikely
to cause any
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2
METHODOLOGY
The assessment methodology consists of two main analysis approaches.
1. Literature review. I have conducted a thorough literature review on recent published
scientific papers on studying the climatic impacts of implementing solar PV panels across
scales, and performed comparative and meta- analyses.
2. Quantitative estimation. My research group has developed a physics -based analytic
method that can quantitatively estimate the temperature effects caused by various
biophysical changes to the land surface1 . The method has been published in top
scientific journals: Nature2'4, Nature Geosciences, and Nature Communications3, and has
been widely used in various climate impacts applications. This analytic method is based
on urban surface energy balance principles, and attributes the temperature change (ST) to
contributions from changes in surface biophysical parameters including albedo,
evaporation, convection efficiency, heat storage and anthropogenic heat addition
(Equation 1).
ST = �° (Aa)K1 + (i f}1 (Rn — Qs + QAH)W2) (1)
Z+f 1+f
with,
Rn = (1—a)K1+,---(1—€)L1—Ea7'a
— A pC 3 1
f— (1+—)
r- fit
af2 0 P Cp (AV)
P
where T — surface temperature, 20 — local climate sensitivity (= 1 /4ca 3), f — energy
redistribution factor, kit* — apparent net radiation, p — air density, Cp — specific heat of air
at constant pressure, ra — aerodynamic resistance to heat diffusion, /3 — Bowen ratio, a —
surface albedo, K1 — incoming solar radiation, L1 — incoming longwave radiation, QS —
stored heat, QAH - anthropogenic heat release, E - surface emissivity, a — Stefan -
Boltzmann constant, Ta — air temperature at the blending height.
This analytic model, together with the Project specs given by Pivot Energy Inc., are used
to estimate is local temperature change (i.e., heat island) effect.
RESULTS
1. Literature review: effect of solar photovoltaics (PV) on the urban environment
Renewable energy installations in urban areas offer low to zero carbon emissions, offset
capital -intensive investments for network upgrade, and impart local energy independence
and network security. These installations modify urban surface properties and affect the
urban environment through changes in urban energy balance. Solar PVs in urban areas
can perturb urban air temperatures and impact building heating and cooling energy
demand. Solar PV converts part of the incident solar radiation to electricity that would
otherwise be absorbed by the urban environment, lowering the urban air temperature and
3
the cooling load of buildings, curbing the need for air-conditioning. In addition, the
generated electricity, when consumed on -site, can replace non-renewable energy imports
that would lead to additional waste heat being released, hence further cooling the urban
environment.
Local -scale modeling studies that dynamically simulate the interactions between solar
PVs and the urban environment report 0.1 to 1°C of cooling in urban air temperature.
Berardi and Graham (2020)8 simulated rooftop solar PVs using the ENVI-met model over
a neighborhood in Brampton, Ontario consisting of mainly two-story detached homes.
They found around 0.1°C reduction air temperature during a heat wave day when all
building roofs are covered with PV. Taha (2013)9 uses mesoscale and meso-urban
meteorological models to evaluate the effect of solar PVs on urban air temperature in Los
Angeles, California, and found a cooling effect of 0.15 to 0.20°C. Salamanca et al.
(2016)10 used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled to the
multilayer building energy (BEP+BEM) system to characterize the effect of solar roof on
2-m air temperature and citywide air-conditioning electricity consumption in Arizona.
When all roofs are covered with rooftop solar panels, they found a temperature reduction
of 0.2 - 0.4°C during the daytime and 0.4 - 0.8 °C during the nighttime (Fig. 2). Ma et al.
(2017)11 that also used the WRF model found a daily maximum temperature reduction of
up to 1°C in the city center, and 0.4 - 0.8 °C in surrounding areas in Sydney, Australia,
when all building roofs are replaced with solar roofs.
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Fig. 2 Modeled mean 2-m air temperature differences between all solar roofs and control
(original roofs) averaged for the entire 10 -day extreme heat period in July 2009 during
nighttime hours (a, b) and during daytime hours (c, d) for Phoenix (left) and Tucson
(right) regions, respectively. Urban land use is bounded by black contours. Adapted from
Salamanca et al. (20].6), Fig. 3.
A global -scale study Hu et al. (2016)12 used the Community Earth System Model to
investigate the local, regional, and global climate effects of large-scale implementation of
solar PV, including both rooftop solar panels and solar farm. This study also finds a slight
cooling effect (r 0.34K on average) resulted from the solar PV implementation at broader
scales (Fig. 3).
a Control
Temperature
b
SPDU-Control
288 23 K -0 34 K
II
255 265 275 285
295 305
-1,0 -0.5
1
-0.1 0.1 0.5 1 0
Fig. 3 Surface temperature. a, Surface temperature in the Control experiment. b, Surface
temperature anomaly relative to the Control experiment in the solar PV experiment. The
numbers at the upper right corner of each panel represent the global average. Stippling
indicates the changes are statistically significant at the 95% level using a double -sided
Student's t -test. Adapted from Hu et al. (2016), Fig. 1.
2. Quantitative estimate
The presence of a solar panel converts a portion of the solar radiation into electricity. In
another word, part of the solar radiation that originally heats up the land surface is now
turned into electricity that will be used elsewhere. Therefore, conversion of an original
land surface to solar PV would cool the near -surface airs °' 12. This biophysical effect of
solar PV is essentially like as an "albedo" effect in the surface energy balance (Equation
1). Based on the average solar PV parameters of the proposed Project, we can use
Equation 1 to estimate its temperature effect. The solar PV panel used in the Project has
an average albedo of 0.10 and an average electricity conversion efficiency of 25%, giving
a heat removal rate equivalent to having a surface albedo of 0.33. Based on Equation 1,
we estimate that the solar PV will slightly lower the near -surface temperature by an
average amount of - 0.3 °C K in the daytime and 0.1 °C in the nighttime.
In addition to this "albedo" effect, the Project also propose to farm hay or alfalfa grass
5
between the arrays and grow corn outside the project fence in the remaining 10 acres of
the parcels. The vegetated (grass and corn) land cover of the project site will further
increase the evapotranspiration, thus leading to additional cooling effect. Using the
analytic model (Equation 1), we estimate this evapotranspirative cooling effect would be
0.1 - 0.2 °C in the daytime and nearly 0 °C. Putting the two effects together, we
estimate that the proposed Project would only slightly lower the near -surface air
temperature by an average amount of— 0.4 °C in the daytime and 0.1 °C in the
nighttime.
CONCLUSION
Based on the literature review and initial quantitative analysis using our analytic model and the
Project specs, we can conclude that the proposed Project by Pivot Energy Inc. in the Bureau
County will not result in, if any, a discernible local warming (i.e., heat island) effect. The Project
might actually have a slight cooling benefit which comes from a combined effect of solar PV's
conversion of solar heat into electricity and the enhanced evapotranspirative cooling from the
vegetated fraction. These findings are consistent with the published literature.
Lei Zhao, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE)
The Grainger College of Engineering
Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment (iSEE)
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
University of Illinois at Urbana -Champaign
6
PREPARER
Dr. Lei Zhao is an Assistant Professor in the Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute for
Sustainability, Energy, and Environment (iSEE), and the
National Center of Supercomputing Applications at the
University of Illinois Urbana -Champaign (UIUC). His research
concerns the physical and engineering processes in the
atmospheric boundary layer where most human activities and
environmental systems are concentrated, with a particular focus
on built surfaces and urban environments. He combines theory,
numerical modeling, remote sensing and in situ observations,
and cutting -edge machine learning methods to study land -
atmosphere interaction and environmental fluid mechanics that relate to urban climatology and
hydrology, urban climate change, impacts, and adaptation. Dr. Zhao is the recipient of the U.S.
NSF CAREER Award, the Timothy Oke Award (2023) from the International Association for
Urban Climate, and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Global Environmental Change
Early Career Award (2023). He received his Ph.D. degree in atmospheric physics from Yale
University and B.S. degree from Nanjing University. Before joining at UIUC, he worked as a
postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University.
Website: !ittps://cee.illinois.edu/direct rr'proiiIc/lei/hao
Reference:
1. Zhao, L., Lee, X. & Schultz, N. M. A wedge strategy for mitigation of urban warming in
future climate scenarios. Atmospheric Chem. Phys. 17, 9067-9080 (2017).
2. Zhao, L., Lee, X., Smith, R. B. & Oleson, K. Strong contributions of local background climate
to urban heat islands. Nature 511, 216-219 (2014).
3. Cao, C. et at Urban heat islands in. China enhanced by haze pollution. Nat. Commun. 7, 12509
(2016).
4. Zhang, K. et at Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat. Nature 1-5
(2023) doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05911-1.
.
5. Wang, W. et at Global lake evaporation accelerated by changes in surface energy allocation in
a warmer climate. Nat. Geosci. 11, 410-414 (2018).
6. Kammen, D. M. & Sunter, D. A. City -integrated renewable energy for urban sustainability.
Science 352, 922-928 (2016).
7. Sailor, D. J., Anand, J. & King, R. R. Photovoltaics in the built environment: A critical review.
Energy Build. 253, 111479 (2021).
8. Berardi, U. & Graham, J. Investigation of the impacts of microclimate on PV energy
efficiency and outdoor thermal comfort. Sustain. Cities Soc. 62, 102402 (2020).
9. Taha, H. The potential for air -temperature impact from large-scale deployment of solar
photovoltaic arrays in urban areas. Sol. Energy 91, 358-367 (2013).
7
10. Salamanca, F., Georgescu, M., Mahalov, A., Moustaoui, M. & Martilli, A. Citywide
Impacts of Cool Roof and Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Deployment on Near -Surface Air
Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand. Bound -Layer Meteorol. 161, 203-221 (2016).
11. Ma, S. et at The impact of an urban canopy and anthropogenic heat fluxes on Sydney's
climate. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 255-270 (2017).
12. Hu, A. et at Impact of solar panels on global climate. Nat. Clint Change 6, 290-294
(2016).
8
From: Hamilton Urian1,
To: Kyfe Hockstaci
Cc: Chris_Gathmari; Ky e Sundman
Subject: Re: [EXTERNALJPivot Energy Hamilton Land Visit Follow Up
Date: Monday, July 29, 2024 2:32:22 PM
Attachments: 0ut1oekarti i 6k 1i
QuiLsctoK!,a crrnf , ct»l
Caution: This email originated from outside ofWeld County Government Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize
the sender and know the content is safe.
Good afternoon Kyle,
I have 2 landscape companies scheduled for this week to come take a look and give us estimates on that
section.
Yes, we did email Chris, we were mainly looking for information on what the meeting was going to look like.
We are able to attend the meeting for a short time before we have to leave for the airport. We didn't want to
miss anything if we could help it.
Brian Hamilton
P66 Mechanical Tech Specialist Supervisor
301859.7751
Brian.L. Hamilton @p66.com
ph.illips6f _com Follow us: TWilter, I Facebpok I Ltn_kedin ! Instagram
From: Kyle Hockstad <khockstad@ pivote nergy. net>
Sent: Monday, July 29, 2024 2:04 PM
To: Hamilton, Brian L cBrian.L.Hamilton@p66.com>
Cc: Chris Gathman ccgathman@weld.gov>; Kyle Sundman <ksundman@pivotenergy.net>
Subject: [EXTERNALJPivot Energy Hamilton Land Visit Follow Up
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Report Suspicious
Hello Brian and Dawn,
I hope you both had a nice weekend and are keeping cool in this heat.
I wanted to thank you both for hosting me on your land and walking me through your property and your
concerns. Please, do not hesitate to reach out with any further questions or concerns.
To ensure we are all on the same page, three of us came to the following idea:
• We are going to evaluate providing vegetative screening on the east side of your eastern fence, in
the northern section of the property, where the clearest view of the Eifert's property is.
The idea is, we will extend the irrigation line from your current garden area to the new
Chris Gathman
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Kyle Sundman <ksundman@pivotenergy.net>
Monday, August 5, 2024 3:58 PM
Maxwell Nader
Chris Gathman; Kyle Hockstad; Diana Aungst; Joshua Kruger
Re: USR24-OO1O recommendation
Caution: This email originated from outside of Weld County Government Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the
sender and know the content is safe.
Max -
Thanks for the quick chat this morning. We understand and appreciate the County's excitement to see Pivot pursue a
novel approach to dual use on this site by taking a dry, unirrigated parcel and revive it by entering into a third party
agreement with a neighbor to bring water to site.
As you know, Pivot has spent considerable time and effort to date engaging the community & vetting potential
vegetation management partners for the project. We've - at our own cost and risk - gone ahead and made a significant
investment to clean up the property and pre -seed with a locally appropriate and site stabilizing grass mix to better
prepare the site for construction and what we hope to be an irrigated grass stand and/or crop production under the site
(at the discretion of our vegetation management partner).
We would respectfully ask that to ensure discretionary approval for the project is kept with the Weld County BOCC,
condition G is revised in accordance with the below recommendation from Pivot's Senior Counsel, Josh Kruger, who is
CC'd here (and available to answer questions if needed).
"The applicant shall present evidence to the Department of Planning Services that the applicant is making commercially
reasonable and good faith efforts to obtain irrigation water for the site. The applicant shall continue to make
commercially reasonable and good faith efforts to to obtain irrigation water for the site."
We will further submit evidence of this agreement to the County (reserving the right to redact business terms) once the
agreement is codified. As I mentioned this morning, we are on final redline turns with the proposed vegetation
management provider and expect to reach an agreement in the near term.
If you are unable to make the change to the above language, please consider this our formal request to continue
tomorrow's hearing to the next available date.
Thanks again - we are proud of our industry leading dual use efforts which recognize, protect and when possible
improve the agricultural integrity of Weld County's lands.
On Sat, Aug 3, 2024 at 9:10 AM Maxwell Nader crrnader weictigov> wrote:
Kyle,
MEMORANDUM
TO: Weld County Planning Commission
DATE: August 6, 2024
FROM: Chris Gathman 6° t-,
SUBJECT: Request to amend USR24-a01 Q condition of approval 1,G
The applicant has requested to replace condition of approval 1.G with the following condition:
The applicant shall present evidence to the Department of Planning Services that the
applicant is making commercially reasonable and good faith efforts to obtain irrigation
water for the site. The applicant shall continue to make commercially reasonable and
good faith efforts to obtain irrigation water for the site.
EXHIBIT
13
Chris Gathman
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Marette - DNR, Brandon <brandon.marette@state.co.us>
Monday, March 25, 2024 2:11 PM
Hamous-Miller - DNR, Lexi
Kyle Sundman; Jackson Davis - DNR; Chris Gathman
Re: Pivot Solar 59 - Weld County USR24-0010
Caution: This email originated from outside of Weld County Government. Do not dick links or open attachments unless you recognize the
sender and know the content is safe.
Thanks Lexi,
My two cents are since Pivot has to have NEC fencing, I would suggest Pivot state just that. If it comes up during the
county meetings, just say something like, "It's not CPW's preferred wildlife -friendly fencing, since big game cannot
access this habitat anymore, though smaller mammals can still use it."
Regards,
Brandon B. Marette, CWB®
Northeast Region Energ Liaison
LI
Direct (720) 88070819
6060 Broadway, Denver, CO 80216
hrandon.marette@state.co.ass
CPWs Energy Webpage
CPWs Wildlife Movements Webpage
J
THINK SAFETY FIRST!
41)
0
On Fri, Mar 22, 2024 at 3:33 PM Hamous-Miller - DNR, Lexi eLexi,ha ous-rnifler Pstate_co.us> wrote:
Hi Kyle,
I agree with the last statement "more wildlife friendly than any alternative, while still complying with safety and
electrical code requirements", but I still would not say that we approve of it/prefer it. You may be able to say
something along the lines of "Pivot has designed the fence to be as wildlife friendly as possible given the requirements
of NEC" and then explain how it is wildlife -friendly, maybe?
Brandon may have more thoughts on this since he has had more experience.
-Stay Wild,
Lexi Hamous, MS (She/Her)
Northeast Region Land Use Coordinator
Colorado Parks and Wildlife
1
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Stay Wild,
Lexi Hamous, MS (She/Her)
Northeast Region Land Use Coordinator
Colorado Parks and Wildlife
6060 Broadway, Denver; CO 80216
303-916-2987
Lexikia m ou s -M iller@state.cosus
CPW's Energy ebpag
42"
Hello