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Home My WebLink About900180.tiff RESOLUTION RE: APPROVE SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT FOR A TURKEY BROODING FACILITY IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE DISTRICT - LONGMONT FOODS WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners of Weld County, Colorado, pursuant to Colorado statute and the Weld County Home Rule Charter, is vested with the authority of administering the affairs of Weld County, Colorado, and WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners held a public hearing on the 21st day of February, 1990 , at the hour of 10 :00 a.m. in the Chambers of the Board for the purpose of hearing the application of Longmont Foods, c/o Kenneth Lind, 1011 11th Avenue, Greeley, Colorado 80631, for a Site Specific Development Plan and Special Review Permit for a turkey brooding facility in the Agricultural Zone District on the following described real estate, to-wit: Part of the NE} SE* of Section 33 , Township 4 North, Range 65 West of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado WHEREAS, said applicant was represented by Ken Lind, Attorney, and Bob Edson; and certain neighbors opposed to this application were represented by Tom Hellerich, Attorney, and WHEREAS, the original application stated said facility would contain a maximum of 150 ,000 turkeys, and during this hearing the applicant reduced the amount to a maximum of 100,000 turkeys, and WHEREAS, Section 24 .4 .2 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance provides standards for review of said Special Review Permit, and WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners heard all of the testimony and statements of those present, has studied the request of the applicant and the recommendations of the Weld County Planning Commission and all of the exhibits and evidence presented in this matter and, having been fully informed, finds that this request shall be approved for the following reasons: /044245- / / /'.. .. 900180 Page 2 RE: USR - LONGMONT FOODS 1 . The submitted materials are in compliance with the application requirements of Section 24 . 7 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 2 . It is the opinion of the Board of County Commissioners that the applicant has shown compliance with Section 24 . 4. 2 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance as follows: a. The proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Comprehensive Plan. The Comprehensive Plan Agricultural Goals and Policies are intended to support and preserve agricultural industries and farming. b. The proposed use is a livestock confinement operation and is provided for as a Use by Special Review in the Agricultural Zone District. c. The uses permitted will be compatible with the existing surrounding uses and with the future development of the surrounding area as permitted by the Agricultural Zone District. Surrounding land uses include agricultural production and rural residences. d. No overlay districts affect the site. e. Special Review Development Standards will provide adequate protection of the health, safety and welfare of the neighborhood and County. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners of Weld County, Colorado, that the application for a Site Specific Development Plan and Special Review Permit for a turkey brooding facility in the Agricultural Zone District on the hereinabove described parcel of land be, and hereby is, granted subject to the following conditions: 1 . The attached Development Standards shall be placed on the Special Review plat prior to recording the plat. The plat shall be delivered to the Department of Planning Services and be ready for recording in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder within 15 days of approval by the Board of County Commissioners. 900180 Page 3 RE: USR - LONGMONT FOODS 2 . The Special Review activity shall not occur nor shall any building or electrical permits be issued on the property until the Special Review plat is ready to be recorded in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder. 3 . Prior to recording, the Special Review Permit plat shall be amended to show which buildings are part of each phase of construction. 4. Prior to the operation of the facility or the issuance of building or electrical permits, the applicant or operator shall submit evidence of a legal water supply. A new well permit which allows the proposed uses, an augmentation plan, or other approved legal source of water will be acceptable. If an augmentation plan or well is proposed, evidence shall be submitted from the State Engineer ' s Office, Division of Water Resources, that the well is approved for this use. 5. The concerns and requests of the La Salle Fire Department, identified in its letter of November 27 , 1989 , shall be addressed and met by the applicant. 6 . Prior to recording the Special Review Permit plat, the applicant shall enter into a road maintenance agreement with Weld County. The road maintenance agreement shall include designation of a haul route, and must be approved by the Board of County Commissioners. 7 . Prior to recording, the Special Review Permit plat shall be amended to show the correct placement of the existing structures from Weld County Road 43 and the reduction of the brooding buildings from six to four. 8 . Prior to operation of the facility, the applicant shall submit evidence to the Department of Planning Services that a plan for disposal of dead animals has been approved by the Weld County Health Department. 900180 Page 4 RE: USR - LONGMONT FOODS The above and foregoing Resolution was, on motion duly made and seconded, adopted by the following vote on the 21st day of February, A.D. , 1990 . e i ) BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS t727ATTEST: ��/�ln WELD/lOU�NTY, COLORADO Weld County C erk and Recorder �1�71e g��t (AYE) and Clerk to the Board ene R. Brantner, Chairman r .I (NAY) BY !gyp-21c� Y -. 1a George Kennedy, Pro- eputy County G Jerk (AYE) APPROVED AS O FORM: Constance L. H r ert -- (AYE) // �-a C.W. Kir y County Attorney 1, (AYE) Gord L y 900180 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Longmont Foods USR-898 1 . The Site Specific Development Plan and Special Review Permit is for a turkey brooding facility (100,000 turkeys) as submitted in the application materials on file in the Department of Planning Services and subject to the Development Standards stated herein. 2 . Approval of this plan may create a vested property right _pursuant to Article 68 of Title 24 , C.R.S. , as amended. 3 . The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that facilitates excessive odors , flies or insect pests, or pollutant runoff. The manure storage site shall have a watertight surface which does not permit seepage ox percolation of manure pollutants. In the event that removal of the manure stockpile form the site cannot be completed within five days, the stockpile shall be covered securely in such a fashion as to protect against vector-borne pathogens being transported off-site, and shall remain securely covered until removed off-site. 4 . Waste oil, treatments, spent drug containers, antifreeze, and other associated liquid and solid wastes shall be stored and removed for final disposal in a manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. 5. No permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. 6 . An ISDS Evaluation on all existing septic systems will be necessary prior to issuing the required septic permit on the existing systems. 7 . Wood shavings, sawdust, feathers and waste materials shall be handled, stored, and disposed of in a manner that controls fugitive dust, blowing debris, and other potential nuisance conditions. _8 . Fugitive dust must be confined on this site. 9. No on-site disposal of dead animals shall be permitted at any time. 900180 page 2 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS - LONGMONT FOODS 10 . An individual sewage disposal system, or a vault, is required for the proposed facility, and the system shall be installed according to the Weld County Individual Sewage Disposal Regulations. 11 . Any interior roads shall be gravelled or hardsurfaced or protected from erosion by some other means acceptable to the Platte Valley Soil Conservation District. 12 . Any part of the site not used for buildings or roads shall be planted in permanent adapted grasses . 13. A Grazing Management Plan, approved by the Platte Valley Soil Conservation District, shall be approved prior to any grazing on the site. 14 . The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Livestock Feeding Performance Standards of Section 47 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 15. All construction on the property shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Weld County Building Code Ordinance. 16 . The property owner or operator shall be responsible for -complying with the Design Standards of Section 24 .5 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 17. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Operation Standards of Section 24 .6 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 18 . Personnel from the Weld County Health Department, La Salle Tire Department, and Weld County Department of Planning Services shall be granted access onto the property at any reasonable time in order to ensure the activities carried out on the property comply with the Development Standards stated herein and all applicable Weld County Regulations. 19. The Special Review area shall be limited to the plans shown herein and governed by the foregoing Standards and all -applicable Weld County Regulations. Major changes from the plans or Development Standards as shown or stated shall require the approval of an amendment of the Permit by the Weld County Planning Commission and the Board of County Commissioners before such changes from the plans or Development Standards are permitted. Any other changes shall be filed in the office of the Department of Planning Services . 900180 Page 3 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS - LONGMONT FOODS 20 . The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with all of the foregoing Development Standards. Noncompliance with any of the foregoing Development Standards may be reasons for revocation of the Permit by the Board of County Commissioners. 21 . The waste from the operation of the brooding facility, such as dead animals, feces, and feathers shall not be allowed to contaminate the Platte Valley Irrigation Ditch or interfere with water delivery to the shareholders. 900180 HEARING CERTIFICATION DOCKET NO. 89-59 RE: SITE SPECIFIC -DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND _SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT FOR A TURKEY BROODING FACILITY (150,000 TURKEYS) IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE DISTRICT TONGMONT _FOODS A public hearing was conducted on February 21, 1990, at 10:00 A.M. , with the following present: Commissioner Gene R. Rrantner, Chairman Commissioner George Kennedy, Pro-Tem Commissioner Constance L. Harbert Commissioner C.W. Kirby Commissioner Gordon E. Lacy Also present: Acting Clerk to the Board, Mary Reiff Assistant County Attorney, Lee D. Morrison Planning Department representative, Lanell Curry Health Department representative, Wes Potter The following business was transacted: I hereby certify that pursuant to a notice dated December 13, 1989, and _duly published December 28, 1989, in The New News, a public hearing was conducted to consider the request of Longmont foods for a Site Specific Development Plan and Special Review Permit for a turkey brooding facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural Zone District. Lee Morrison, Assistant County Attorney, -made this matter of record. He stated that this hearing was rescheduled from January 10, 1-990, at the request of the applicant. He noted that a notice of said rescheduling was posted at the hearing room on that date. Lanell Curry, Planning Department representative, presented the Planning Commission's recommendation for denial of this request. Ken Lind, Attorney, came forward to represent the applicant. Mr. Lind presented a diagram showing a change in the placement of the brooding facilities, since the number of turkeys is being reduced from 150,000 to 100,000. He said this change is being made for economic reasons and to mitigate the concerns of neighbors. Bob Edson, of Longmont Foods, came forward to make a visual presentation. He explained the differences between conventional brooding and off-site brooding. He said off-site brooding allows each brooding farm and each finishing location to depopulate and be disinfected on a regular basis, and allows existing facilities to be used more effectively. Richard Rooney, of K.C. Aerial Applicators, spoke concerning the aerial application of pesticides in the fields adjacent to this proposed location. (Let the record reflect that at this time the hearing was recessed until 1:00 p.m.) Upon reconvening, Dr. Moe Salmon, a veterinarian, spoke concerning the possible transmission of disease to cattle. Since Dr. Salmon was unable to stay for the rest of the hearing, members of the audience were allowed to present questions to him at this time. Those speaking were Bob Anderson, Evelyn Knaub, James Oster, and -Tom Hellerich, Attorney representing some of the neighbors opposed to this request. John Moser explained the plan for handling and using the manure created by this operation. Mr. Edson showed slides of the area as it presently is and the various steps involved in the proposed operation. (Tape Change #90-11 during slide presentation) Mr. Lind said Drew Scheltinga, County Engineer, recommended that the applicant enter into a Road Maintenance Agreement, at which time a haul route may be designated. A bridge on WCR 43 may not be able to handle the heavier trucks at the -present time, and alternate routes may have to be considered. Jim Kadlecek, director of the Greeley/Weld Economic Action Partnership, submitted a statement from his organization in favor of this request and read it into the record. Mike Strear, president of Longmont Foods, spoke of the relationship between agricultural and economic development -900180 2,c °‘°s Page -2 RE: USR — -LONGMONT IFOODS in Weld County. Mr. Lind reviewed the criteria for a Special -Review Permit. (Let the -record re-fleet that a ten-minute recess -was taken before the hearing 'was opened for public testimony.) Mr. Hellerich presented an exhibit showing the location of area residences and a packet consisting of sever-al letters and articles. Mr. Anderson came forward and submitted an exhibit consisting of -pictures of turkey farms in the vicinity of WCR 49 and 54 and a -luss Turkey farm at another location. He also presented an exhibit composed of pictures of properties along WCR 49 which arm for sale. -Harold Bohlender, owner of adjacent property, Laid -dust has been very bad in the area and spoke about the problem aerial applicators will encounter. (Tape Change #90-12 during Mr. Bohl-nder's comments.) Evelyn Knaub and Donna Oster, both R.N. 's, spoke about potential health problems. James Oster presented further testimony and submitted a copy of a letter and Memorandum of Understanding he had mailed to Mr. Lind. -Bob Easton, of -Easton Aerial Sprayers, spoke about the difficulty of aerial applications in the area if the turkey farm is approved. Lelia Oster and Dan Oster made comments before Mr. Hellerich summed up the statements made by the opposition. (Let the record _reflect that a ten-minute recess was taken at this time.) Mr. Edson and Mr. Lind responded to comments and answered questions raised by those in opposition to this request. Mr. Lind submitted additional letters favoring this request. (Tape Change #90-13) At this time Mr. Anderson was allowed to testify that no animals are brought on his site without the necessary vaccinations and health Tapers, and Mr. -Bohlender was allowed to make comments about aerial spraying. Commissioner Kennedy moved to continue this hearing two weeks to take under advisement contradictions in testimony received today. The motion died for lack of a second. Ms. Curry submitted amendments to Conditions #6 and #7 and Development Standard #1, and an additional -Condition #8 for consideration. Commissioner Lacy moved to approve the staff-recommended amendments to the Conditions and Development Standards and the additional Condition. Commissioner Kirby seconded the motion, and it carried unanimously. Mr. Lind stated that the applicant would have no objections to these changes. Commissioner -Lacy moved to approve the request of -Longmont Foods for a Special Review Permit, -subject to the amended Conditions and Development Standards. After the motion was seconded by Commissioner Kirby, _Commissioner Lacy reviewed the criteria to be _considered when granting a Special Review Permit. Commissioner Kennedy stated that he will vote against the motion because he feels the testimony has not been completed. Commissioner Kennedy said he lives between two turkey farms and has had no problems with their presence. On a -roll call vote, the motion carried 4-1, with Commissioner Kennedy voting nay. This Certification was approved on the 26th day of Yebruary, 1990. APPROVED: /y l /1 .k • _ BOARD F COUNTY COMMISSIONERS ATTEST: F 1 tiv` ' ` ` p��,�f WELD(��NTY, COLORADO Weld County Clerk and Recorder �eC1ingi and Clerk to the Board fene R. Brant e , Chairman By: fi1v11r a i ( ie Aeputy County Cie George-Kennedy, Pro- e Constance L. Harbert TAPE #90-10, #90-11, #90-12 & #90-13 ,r • C.W. Kirby _ DOCKET #89-59 PL0625 Gordo i cy 9D0180 ATTENDANCE RECORD PLEASE write or print legibly your name, address and the name of the applicant or Docket # for the hearing you are attending. TODAY' S HEARINGS ARE -AS FOLLOWS: FEBRUARY 21, 1990 DOCKET 4 90-4 USR ZIVESTOCK BAILER WASH FACILITY -IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE DISTRICT - B.L. VENTURES, INCORPORATED DOCKET 4 89-59 USR-TURKEY BROODING FACILITY (130,000 TURKEYS) IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE DI-ST-RICT - LONGMONT FOODS (RESCHEDULED FROM JANUARY 10, 1990) DOCKET # NAME ADDRESS HEARING ATTENDING 1 n. /PA J /99075 42,10 9__3, qr eeeF2 y5- 66nymeD7 -T v. ,24 an.„..e2 (J/�- / `�7.7�i 7 3 N/C, li 3 .2,47 .4_ L4 /co _Jon S it, on f -- c-d ,74,-,11 o _<,-ei,2, ten„H::� -c4- �C3 �n/1 „tic/1 al L.a 549-[ de) J rvt �: 1--- AV,- V as ii /� G � � x, i �,,,></)),-,,d21 �.1+-i .�7/ 3-33 /./ �/�//U��,� � a� � AGE o/S ,�c,�/�-�,�-� 7�^.� /<Afr 761 g (Y r / f p p q ..7L1 [Va 43 Alb/ 1 ) 6175 WAi OMAo3 ,../lt-Ad/ A/3 .+l�,/ez Ole-4d-.-,,.,......,.{,§:67, 4,), I Obpt+ b rt - i 53 2 2 ff / re c-c ' t Pv��tp` � (fr&5 �hr AA d'7 �` , 69-7" f`1/�.f t>A. fi, �y 3(5 }f/U �a �`7<,ye-C247 k y - 6-�' h > ,7 -i t,ice , `S7 7:5-- b:'' R 4/3 _zee,� ( kg -- -3`l r,it P_, , e--n,/ ti c gin) �5/(7 41 7f 6 2i•,"' Tl c��n„r2- (.() 1 j742 C Cj S(1'1/ _ I-P-A ( ail Li :- Lery c*U b8-c'`S`i -17frvi &rim-4.v( lariCT/C11/2.4/ c1 ‘ 11,17rlial y./ 900180 INVEl. RY OF ITEMS SUBMITTED FOR CONS. .RATION Case Number USR 298 Submitted or Prepared Prior to Hearing At Hearing 1. Application 20 Pages X 2. One application -plat(s) 1 page (s) X 3. DPS :Referral Summary Sheet X 4. DPS Recommendation X 5. DPS Surrounding Property Owner's Mailing List X 6. DPS Mineral Owner's Mailing_List X 7. Three DPS Maps Prepared ty 'Planning Technician X 8. DPS Notice of Hearing X 9. DPS Case File Summary Sheet X 10. DPS Yield -Check X 11. November 22, 1989, referral from Weld County X Health Department 12. November 1b, 1989, field check by Judy X Yamaguchi 13. November 5, 1989, referral from Weld County X Extension 14. November 27, 1989, referral from LaSalle Fire X Department 15. November 8, 1989, letter -to_Ken Lind X 16. November 27, 1989, objection letter from Robert X Anderson 17. December 4, 1989, objection letter -from James X Lelia Oster 18. December 4, 11989, objection letter from Thomas X R. -Dunn, M.D. 19. December 4, 1;989, referral from State Sngineer 's X Office 20. December 4, 1989, objection letter from Dr. X Mackey 21. November 29, 1989, objection letter from Jerry Z. X Bohlender 22. December 4, 1989, withdrawal of letter from X Jerry J. Bohlender 23. November 30, 1989, referral Yrom -Platte Valley X Soil District 24. November 27, 1989, referral from Weld County X Engineering 25. November 29, 1989, petition objection - 33 names X 26. November Z9, 1989, objection from James Lille, X Donna Oster 27. November Z9, 1989, objection from Harold and X Pearl Bohlender 900180 28. December 5, 1989, objection from Vern and Joan X Moser ax h 1 ht+ A Case Number USR-898 Longmont Foods Page 2 Submitted or Prepared Prior to Hearing At Hearing 29. December 5, 1989, letter from TEen Houston X 30. Proposed Development Standard #3 X 31. December 5, 1989, letter on vehicular traffic X One typed page 32. Letter received December 5, 1989, from Donna X Oster including December 3, 1989, letter from Thomas R. Dunn, M.D. 33. Letter received December 5, 1989, from Evelyn X E. Knaub 34. Letter received December 4, 1989, from James and X Lelia Oster. Attached letters from V. Kailasam, M.D. and Thomas R. Dunn, M.D. I hereby certify that the 34 items identified herein were _submitted to the Department of Planning Services at or prior to the scheduled Planning Commission hearing. I further certify that these items were forwarded to the Clerk to the Board's office on -December 8, 1989. (0nP / nr/lA C� Curr Planner _STATE OF -COLORADO ) COUNTY OF WELD SUBSCRIBE SWORN TO -BEFORE ME THIS T�7q 4— day of Q�h�,,,y�,,., 19 $� . 'OTA(Zy iit�u =. \\ S,TV Q\_\C:c F COV NOTA tY PuBLIC My Commission Expires February 13, 1993 960180 OCHIBIT INVENTORY CONTROL SHEET Case LON( 4JNT FOODS - USR IPage 2 Exhibit Submitted -By Exhibit Description , , *•7,4)/ P. /' — =a r << 1/r%✓ , /,„..) ,„,Zile �� - Q. . - I ' ' '-'7 R. ti r,,.�.r'.�..1I> - f t ( / 1. s. *d 1_.1 G ..i;,, .ri t(`!f't:.. ILL '' n t1 T. i M1 ` Q U L9S ft 2 pfg- -- &;,_ 6i-- if4s,-0-4,..-- 1.1-k v. I__:,f\S . ./16;n- OA_ \// se4';.. 10-,/k--- w. I( Mf -, iTezt4fil.e. 1 x. �� 9`n 1/{) Li 4, f, t P-cot,ctitk- C, r. .---77 i 71[ ,t21- Z. -et/I6-4 0 ell' t+ /1) vil/ ,f, / /k La, 1/17/6/e- 12 BB. 61:tilk. ‘ -efLt°1/--‘ W,M. \ / .L,ti, 1a cc. Ziel.K. iv j-t, ,I„ nier).e, it DD. /O' (1 12A) ii„„. ....._,....,...,t„,- tk /,-- 67 t- i..„-- L2 1,' C , �'. • 9OOk© /� EXHIBIT INVENTORY CONTROL SHEET Case U512-!/Q elciPah'�ctri ti o a. Exhibit Submitted By Exhibit Description . ay.. didt.thtiSti#, ( //'?..ymtni et Liimt,aJazinthv , ia\cB• 42/17,41.118. 077112114414)(-) /Lala)h ',lrn ) 0,(1n a la) D. 127.,,,,,g) 4441v E. 0-ME Z && 0II\ F. dOLk, 13401 04_ ith- lP tth C J H. ett'.21/ All; itzzHisce .,1,67.4 to- Ae.0,driee_24 'd� ---leaf�!9;f //�. �_,t"fJilfi aa-- �:JCiC-£ t a — _ , x it, //� L. D"!C'2. (64747-242e->i - r 4—/?-- (t O( ..eel�eib2. / ) �� n � / ��jj M. cP2�zi ' 7?¢ - ��? yip N. / .1-47(-4614/' /1747ra-17 / e&,[_ 0. C,/L-e--(7-77/ J / ", z�/��/1(✓`444?,.,,c'4 4/ ./. 900180 PUBLIC NOTICE The -Board of County Commissioners of Weld County, Colorado, on February 21, 1990, conditionally approved a Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for the property and purpose -described below. Conditional approval of this plan creates a vested property right -pursuant to Article 68 of Title 24, C.R.S. , as amended, for a period of three years. APPLICANT: _Longmont Foods c/o Kenneth Lind 1011 11th Avenue Greeley, Colorado 80631 _LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NE} SE} -of Section 33, Township 4 North, Range 65 West _of the 6th P.M., Weld County, Colorado -TYPE AND INTENSITY OF APPROVED USE: Turkey brooding facility (100,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural Zone District SIZE OF PARCEL: 34 acres, more or less Failure to abide by the terms and conditions of approval will result in a forfeiture of the vested property right. BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS WELD COUNTY, COLORADO BY: -MARY ANN FEUERSTEIN COUNTY CLERK AND RECORDER AND CLERK TO THE BOARD BY: Mary Reiff, Deputy PUBLISHED: March 1, 1990, in The New News 900180 Tbil Mt 213 for the ors Fit AWed g, `. -dd fi of .1L; •,. County, :+d°AND Zobeiel _ ', sti in the SIZE Mae or Write by the rat rtiortiwortm / / ' BY: MARY (:)0_,L, (n'/ G'-Yi Ns Iowa Writ a i "-) 8 "71Cuc6L; - i Lc4 ,cJ rX . )."---7 90030 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING The eld CommiWdm wgratadDeZa y fai cabal �01lt io�Siteea_ertagantrwiliest mar... a mace LaTigm. Tennant to _ credo it 4 4 but M., w OP U>sE: io: ;-West CoiX assay lb -mare¢ ' _in.Ng Calwiteri-� � bye 5.C.otatY in �W at 'cog 0:acid—bee 3 L90. [or the OnIJiF'5rt. la° e_etSCeeroPs vtimraeobOne-3•561om,Extension ;� Ernie Ross,Clubman 1`\ Ernie Ross, lu mJan CmmJeaim O.P l0'ilalt& la Inr New -News: /J , r 900180 it _:0 To Whom "mat Cs?) y W kcw.c, cfrirkgniALW tia �lQU, r,O d Gilf�Nn6,� rubcu., Wtfyis UJ h n,u r o t natts. w L11,1) Vtko,v? otu -t-wo 013 4h a .o iso w . f60-Ch -^ot -1 oaA �cu�maa �iiio !,�1L.n, _ 'on un . w `ELIMu_Q) TW W ,7 900180 j� � � ,46/6„, o C--L/.P (2-4--C z-,---49 (ate �- �- - c *Qte G /66:"9 'cA? 32? c-6 900180 re,b, 14 , / 99O 0�( 3l to Luc , R , x`17 L oc So- I !Qs ) Co , $064.4s We, Id 0 r m , 5s ;oncrs / 1v2, d IM, Its trom c.. P4 A IL, Kee '1'c—w7 ror the las± /6 or /rr2 years r have used 4 u�/l!ey N'1R u.re firo,n IL Li Tarn o nr h1Y land and IAave. RsEd LU.rlcey s k1aV, N9s "to bC'.d M'1/ y c4,'(.'t le (017 en L4e.. Weci. tl�e.r is bad , Z have. never b rol7 lee ti With sIC- castle, -Pram u.sio,r7 it , I see, no reason Ictl�y a11l ,cu. L,on U . S . K, 8'9 ? Shoo_ Id not be afprove4, Sincere, 1 ./ Gam ;,) r� �Q CGu-r� J /6j 197o 9/5- re 4 SeelJ ereer. pc, ci.V 4a ..c .- - ,/1n1q a ,. - r fort . ,.,end- .- ', ,.t at .- ,%? wed ccet. 1 a,a,ta._ regal :-- >tt et,4, de. fi- ?6, t S efe A.e.azz ea4z7 O/ t tnea.,‘. sv t �„- (' u r, l Y2. � ti ,cam %4.�..t 2-- " - u eeQ , .arclaraiaI t+.v • 4 , CI tthrt,, 3020 ac-tta ditei -Ilea .pAi.4.2 t 74i ffel c2442frve- 2 er e tent.e, curt aleu-,Z714.4.- a ,11a-vt. A-i-ei trn-zAa ,c,n ail At atiei te bl y/4Q/ve, 7Am-6ktilteday d Lc' -'Ain't'. cvg ,,'/L9c< c-r.2, Lam'"t- ey .r W' La f'w . 17/1„. ° a1sr- w: 9-_I. 97 X063/ ' : -900180 I C _ BEFORE THE WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, PLANNING COMMISSION,, , RESOLUTION OF RECOMMENDATION TO THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Moved by Jerry Burnett that the following resolution be Introduced for passage by the Weld County Planning Commission. Be it Resovled by the Weld County Planning Commission that the application for: CASE NUMBER: USR-898 NAME: Longmont Foods, c/o Kenneth Lind ADDRESS: 1011 Eleventh Avenue, Greeley, CO 80631 REQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NEk SEk of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately .3 miles north of Weld County Road 38 Be recommended favorably to the Board of County Commissioners for the following reasons: 1. The submitted materials are in compliance with the application requirements of Section 24.7 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 2. It is the opinion of the Planning Commission that the applicant has shown compliance with Section 24.3 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance as follows: - The proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Comprehensive Plan. -The Comprehensive Plan Agricultural Goals and Policies are intended to support and preserve agricultural industries and farming; — The proposed use is a livestock confinement operation and is provided for as a use by special review in the Agricultural zone district; - The uses permitted will be compatible with the existing surrounding uses and with the future development of the -surrounding area as permitted by the Agricultural zone district. Surrounding land uses Include Agricultural production and rural residences. - No overlay districts affect the site. - Special Review Development Standards will provide adequate protection of the health, safety and welfare of the neighborhood and County. SC0180 USR-898 Longmont Foods Page 2 This recommendation is based, in part, upon a review of the application submitted by the applicant, other relevant information regarding the request, and responses from referral entities. The Planning Commission's recommendation for approval is conditional upon the following: 1 . the attached Development Standards for the Special Review permit shall be adopted and placed on the Special Review plat prior to recording the plat. the plat shall be delivered to the Department of Planning Services and be -ready for recording in the Weld County Clerk and Recorder's office within 13 -days of approval by the Board of County Commissioners. 2. The Special Review activity shall not occur nor -shall any building or electrical permits be issued on the property until the Special Review plat is ready to be recorded in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder. 3. Prior to recording, the Special Review permit Plat shall be amended to show which buildings are part of each phase of construction. 4. Prior to the operation of the facility or the issuance of building or electrical permits, the applicant or operator shall submit -evidence of a legal water supply. A new well permit which allows the proposed uses, an augmentation plan, or other approved legal source of water will be acceptable. If an augmentation plan or well is proposed, evidence shall be submitted from the State Engineer's Office, Division of Water Resources, that the well i-s approved for this use. 5. The concerns and requests of the La Salle Tyre Department, identified in its letter of November 27, 1989, shall be addressed and met by the applicant. -6. Prior to recording the Special -Review Permit Plat, the applicant shall enter into a maintenance agreement with -Weld County for maintenance and repair of Weld County Roads 38 And 43 during periods of increased hauling. The maintenance agreement -must be approved by the Board of County Commissioners. 7. Prior to recording, the Special Review permit Plat shall be amended to show the correct placement of the existing structures from Weld County Road 43. 900180 Motion seconded by Jerry Kiefer VOTE: -For Passage Abstain Against Passage Jerry Burnett Bud Clemons Ann Garrison Ernie Ross Judy Yamaguchi Jerry Kiefer She Chairman declared the resolution denied and ordered that a certified _copy be forwarded with the file of this case to the Board of County Commissioners for further proceedings. CERTIFICATION OF COPY I, Bobbie Good, Recording Secretary of the Weld County Planning Commission, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing -Resolution is a true copy of the Resolution of the Planning Commission of Weld County, Colorado, adopted on December 5, 1989, and recorded in Book No. XII of the proceedings of the Planning Commission. Dated the 8th day of December, 1989. .el.�s►+ C:\eod, Bobbie Good Secretary 9001% SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN . SPECIAL -REVIEW PERMIT DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS :Longmont Foods USR-898 1. The Site Specific Development Plan -and s£eci-a1 Review permit is for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) as submitted in the application materials on file in the Department of Tlanning Services and subject to the Development Standards stated hereon. 2. Approval of this plan may create a vested property right pursuant to Article b8 of Title 24 C.R.S. , as amended. 3. The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in -a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall -not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that facilitates excessive odors, flies or insect pests, or pollutant runoff. The manure storage site shall have a watertight surface which does not permit seepage or {percolation of manure pollutants. In the event that removal of the manure stockpile from the site cannot be -completed within 5 days, the stockpile shall be covered securely in such a fashion as to protect against vector-borne pathogens being transported off-situ, and shall remain securely covered until removed off-site. 4. Waste oil, treatments, spent drug containers, antifreeze, and other associated liquid and solid wastes shall le stored and removed for final disposal in a manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. 5 . Nc permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. 6. '.n ISDS Evaluation on all Existing septic systems mill be necessary prior to issuing the required septic permits on the existing systems. 7 . Wccd shavings , sawdust, feathers and waste materials shall be -handled, stored, and disposed of in a manner that controls fugitive dust, blowing debris , and other potential nuisance conditions. 6 . Fugitive dust must be confined on this site. 9. No or,-site disposal of dead animals shall be permitted at any time. 10. -An individual sewage discosal system, or a vault, is required for the proposed facility and the system shall be installed according to the • Weld County Indivicual Sewage Disposal Regulations. 11. Anv interior roads shall ±e gravelled cr hardsurfaced or protected from. erosion some other ceans acceptable to the Platte Valley Soil servution District. 900180 USR-B98 Development Standards Page 2 12. any part of the site not used for buildings or roads shall be planted in permanent adapted -grasses. 13. A grazing management plan, -approved by the Platte Valley Soil Conservation District, shall be approved prior to any grazing on the site. 14. The property -owner or 'operator shall be responsible for complying with the Livestock Feeding Performance standards of Section 47 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 15. All construction an the property shall be in -accordance with -the requirements of the -Weld County =Building Code Ordinance. 16. The property _owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Design Standards of -Section 24.3 of the Weld County -Zoning Ordinance. 17. The property -owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Operation Standards of Section 24.-6 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 18. Personnel from the Weld County Health Department, La Salle Fire Department, and Weld County Department of Planning Services shall be granted access onto the property at any reasonable time in order to ensure the activities carried out on the property comply with the Development Standards stated hereon and all applicable Weld County Regulations. 19. The Special Review area shall be limited to -the plans shown -hereon and governed by the foregoing -Standards and all -applicable Weld County Regulations. Major changes from the plans or Development Standards as shown or -stated shall require the approval of an amendment of the Permit by the Weld County Planning Commission and the Board -of County Commissioners before -such changes from the plans or Development Standards are permitt-ed. any other changes shall be filed in the 'office of the Department of Planning Services. 20. The property owner or operator shall -be responsible for complying with all of the foregoing Development standards. _Noncompliance with any of the foregoing Development Standards may be reason for revocation of the Permit by the -Board of County Commissioners. 21. The waste from the operation of the brooding facility, -such as dead animals, feces, and feathers shall not be allowed to contaminate the Platte Valley Irrigation Ditch or inter₹ere with water delivery to the shareholders. -900180 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS USR-898 Longmont Foods The Platte Valley Soil Conservation District has recommended that the buildings be removed from the site if the facility is abandoned. The Department of EPlanning Services' staff opinion it that the agricultural buildings should be allowed to remain on the property. 900180 Date: December 3, 1989 CASE NUMBER: USR-898 NAME: Longmont Foods, c/o Kenneth Lind ADDRESS: 1011 Eleventh Avenue, Greeley, CO 80631 REQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NE} SE} of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38 THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES' STAFF RECOMMENDS THAT THIS REQUEST BE APPROVED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS: 1. The submitted materials are in compliance with the application requirements of Section 24.7 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 2. It is the opinion of the Department of Planning Services' staff that the applicant has shown compliance with Section 24.3 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance as follows: - The proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Comprehensive Plan. The Comprehensive Plan Agricultural Goals and Policies are intended to support and preserve agricultural industries and farming; - The proposed use is a livestock confinement operation and is provided for as a use by special review in the Agricultural zone district; — The uses permitted will be compatible with the existing surrounding uses and with the future development of the surrounding area as permitted by the Agricultural zone district. Surrounding land uses include agricultural production and rural residences. - No overlay districts affect the site. - Special Review Development Standards will provide adequate protection of the health, safety and welfare of the neighborhood and County. This recommendation is based, in part, upon a review of the application submitted by the applicant, other relevant information regarding the request, and responses from referral entities. 960180 USR-898 Longmont Foods Page 2 The Department of Planning Services' staff recommendation for approval is conditional upon the following: 1. The attached Development Standards for the Special Review permit shall be adopted and placed on the Special -Review plat prior to recording the plat. The plat shall be delivered to the Department xf Planning Services and be ready for recording in the Weld County Clerk and Recorder's office within 15 days of approval by the Board of County Commissioners. 2. The Special Review activity shall not occur nor shall any building or electrical permits be issued on the property until the Special Review plat is ready to be recorded in the office of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder. 3. Prior to recording, the Special Review Permit Plat shall be amended to show which buildings are part of each phase of construction. 4. Prior to the operation of the facility or the issuance of building or electrical permits, the applicant or operator shall submit -evidence of a legal water supply. A new well permit which allows the proposed uses, an augmentation plan, or other approved legal source of water will be acceptable. If an augmentation plan or well is proposed, evidence shall be submitted from the State Engineer's Office, Division of Water Resources, that the well is Approved for this use. 5. The concerns and requests of the La Salle Fire Department, identified in its letter of November 27, 1989, shall be addressed and met by the applicant. 6. Prior to recording the Special Review Permit Plat, the applicant shall enter into a maintenance agreement with Weld County for maintenance and repair of Weld County Roads 38 and 43 during periods of increased hauling. -The maintenance agreement must be Approved by the Board of County Commissioners. 7. -Prior to reccrding, the Special Review Permit Plat shall be Amended to show the correct placement of the existing structures from Weld County Road 43. 9G01-80 SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT DEVELOPMENT -STANDARDS Longmont Foods USR-698 • 1. The Site Specific Development Plan end Special -Review permit is for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) as submitted in the application materials on file in the Department of Planning Services and subject to the Development Standards stated hereon. 2. Approval of this plan -may create a vested property right pursuant to Article 68 of Title 24 C.R.S. , as amended. 3. The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area In a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall be inside a secure -building and shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that facilitates excessive odors, flies or insect pests, er pollutant runoff. The manure storage site -shall -have a watertight surface which does mot permit seepage or percolation of manure pollutants. The facility shall be operated in a manner -which protects against vector borne pathogens being transported off-site. Manure shall be stored either inside a secure building or transported off-site when removed from the building to reduce the potential for air-borne pathogens from the facility. 4. -Waste oil, treatments, spent drug containers, antifreeze, and other associated liquid and solid wastes shall be stored and removed for Iinal _disposal in a manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. 5. No permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. b. An ISDS Evaluation on all -existing septic systems will be necessary prior to issuing the required septic permits on the existing systems. 7. Wood shavings, sawdust, leathers and waste materials shall be handled, stored, and disposed of in a manner that controls fugitive dust, blowing debris, and other potential nuisance conditions. 8. Fugitive dust rust be confined on this site. 9. No on-site disposal of dead animals shall be permitted at any time. 10. An individual sewage _disposal system, or a vault, is required for the proposed facility and the system shall be installed according to the Weld County Individual Sewage Disposal Regulations. iSt;IJ180 DSR-898 Development Standards Page 2 11. Any interior roads shall be gravelled or hardsurfaced or protected from Erosion by some other means acceptable to the Platte Valley Soil Conservation District. In Anypart of the site not used for buildings or roads shall be planted in permanent adapted grasses. 13. A grazing management plan, approved by the Platte Valley Soil Conservation District, shall be approved prior to any grazing on the =site. 14. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Livestock Feeding -Performance Standards of Section 47 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 15. All construction on the property shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Weld County Building Code Ordinance. 16. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Design Standards of Section 24.5 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 17. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with the Operation Standards of Section 24.6 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. 1-8. Personnel from the Weld Ccunty health Department, La Salle Fire Department, and Weld County Department of Planning Services shall be granted access onto the property at my reasonable time in order to ensure the activities carried out on the property comply with the Development Standards stated hereon and all applicable Weld County Regulations. • 19. The Special Review area shall be limited to the plans shown hereon and governed by the foregoing Standards and all applicable Weld County Regulations. Major changes from the plans or Development Standards as shown or stated shall require the approval of an amendment of the Permit by the Weld County Planning Commission and the Board of County Commissioners before such changes from the plans or Development Standards are permitted. Any other changes shall be filed in the office of the Department of Planning Services. 20. The property owner or operator shall be responsible for complying with all of the foregoing Development Standards. Noncompliance with any of the foregoing Development Standards may be reason for revocation of the Permit by the Board of County Commissioners. 91018© ADDITIONAL COMMENTS USR-898 Longmont Foods The Platte Valley Soil Conservation Tlistrict has recommended that the buildings be removed from the site if the facility is abandoned. The t epartment of Planning Services' staff opinion is that the agricultural buildings should be allowed to remain on the property. 9C0180 cro e.f 'lt. C 5 1989 40 a / 2 limit ;Imo* ,mtnimaribli /O ; &Le, /d ati._,n1 sari. r se,,,,.., q.mrr ,n,I /- -2cru4- tan cLecjiwc.c,, f ?7,2o Wcj(43 e : e) 00-1-Q- no. 115 ,9 YqC / ry e>sofe. hobl On f' /E k✓3 7 h �, �'zxdt T d° � 1/r� s are %, s -� j la a r t ci 'a C ¢err i ,1 D. U / F _c//7/ ;3 IA „ c:a Ike ri_- 4 ib E.u_S �,.0-4 (.4.„, l i a CA -7 c-ii o'-e v 1 --)*la in ✓ -Ia rrn s 1.-/,'-e-, �� / n `� t j-0m v7 '9-n lam/ PIP` 7 bc, d5alsc �p 0' a 3 / a,,,,-) tr--1- orrosat., /z) 4 As rife_t cu..- b /are d� frees 1 ea /� a , �� ..t- h 900180 et. eta J`e•0_ Par ?_- een re Lt�a� Li — hoc ret race. �- � 1 �^ of-e--L 76 al C`/4- 3 v7 7— � 3,6- - b ` a L .Soi PS s / r—L- ---/-c -33426 612C-1°41 U✓ kr 61" ye_ Lz S}' 10-9_ < -7 ha'/e; " (� to c5 hoc z �A on ��✓ /i �- 5e7 cs,c_k fer_f7_,) 90€48© ' 199-23 t'c e 4'3 LaSa-eLc (a D<aVS- Y }j'?fti,�yr � ' v' Off 4 1989 rf4.nn_z 'T-i c' � *Ai Cu,�Inmica uwnuus�ra, 9/5 „Xed.zti, olev-,cre-) GP % 40eif-e_sd-e 4� _66_ 1-6a1-72 e tom ,, G/ a-,,.6( >4a2e (Qd iv, ` d4o,,,e6 it /77.stei -th D %Aw w;Lem e�,.6C a, /n c te rtLeAti six_ffiZ-Q4e �Lc,n»xztra/ ,C) >77,rJ mod/ `7-i1 y ors/ ' SLAP C.c9 , // �, .�1� � � may) Qi / '/e�"/�/`/�,�/ �`{'^n-Yff��.e& GLetheG / /BZ4? L 02, 7 /T O 7, 1 Ling- O a4/ 9CQ180 NORTHERN COLORADO ALLERGY & ASTHMA CLINIC,P.C. 1124 E. Elizabeth P. K. Vedanthan, MD. 1018- 14th Street Fort Collins, CO 80524 Krishna C. Murthy, M.D. Greeley, CO 80631 (3031 221-2370 V. Kailasam, M.D. (303) 330-5391 Loveland-663-0144 December 1, 1989 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: RE: Lelia and Marc Oster Both Lelia and Marc Oster are being treated for their allergies and asthma in our clinic for over three years. Mrs. Oster has asked me to write this in regard to the effects of the proposed turkey farm on their allergies and asthma. In general people who have allergies and asthma could have exacerbation of their problems when they are exposed to irritants, pollution, and dusty atmosphere. Hence, in my opinion, it would not be wise for people with allergies and asthma to be exposed to such an environment. Call me if you have any questions. L V. KAILASAM, M.T. 19175;, I'-�l� c ,;('„�i'i;,�. vK/hw 4 1989 ;} _ - t _, 900180 The Greeley Medical Clinic, P.C. 1900 16th Street • Greeley, Colorado 80631 • (303)353-1551 November 30, 1989 RE: Marc James Oster DOB: 3-19-75 To Whom It May Concern: This young man has had significant problems over the past years with reactive airways disease, specifically, asthma requiring much medication to control the symptoms. He has been evaluated by several allergists throughout the state and has been treated in the past on desensitization therapy. He is still requiring medication and occasionally has exacerbations of his asthma. One of the triggers for his asthma can be high dust content in the air as well as other airborne pollutants. This young man lives on a farm a short distance from the proposed new turkey complex and will be on the direct road line which will be heavily trafficked by trucks. I feel that the increased dust and pollution in the area could significantly have an impact upon his asthma and I think this is a factor that must be considered in the establishment of this industry. Sincerely, Thomas R. Dunn, M.D. Department of Pediatrics 350-2448 TRD/ms ,\o/Alcu7 Jt, Li-t: 4 1989 Mew Go PI it , .,rrretrt:a5t 900180 /�. l f� C .n , /: C �J / 'r? ✓f 12"e /e e r r ��is /. / r s- �li'T°- -f••,•w. / T r ,� - ri c ! 'c <�- (,/. /cQ / �"23/O �c i 3/ � <7<vr/ -'V ✓/ 6 J' 7e-e9`-Q' 77/ 2-,-'2_--[ 7"--,__Y p'7[ g r'c-(�' '2,> die' //2r _..tl%'..l 2, ">).7--,_Y c t.1 1,C, - o <' 5' r - . V c , —J? �4 /� ,_,f e r c _ C 6 of <.2 r_,--0-,--cif"/J r ,-- >2 -e"-et' 7c) 6-t 1 ` ,wit /2� e Le.e2 - � -/ r'tliX� ee �r" %zv r 2, L..�/ -e/ c,f ] > ,?, L? L-1--17(? e'_s -2Z _X 9- --e* tGdL 67,-/ e„- P•Z' � jL✓F-� �2-LE' 1»al'- /c!,-_,-2/ -- !! �C,-" _/.2 /1 ,Le2!A,e2!et_ V✓ ' _->c=.L i+< < g9U c ✓yC_e__ c 7f .-i i/ "? e td_/ 2( /2 2' >/ U"fie ,/)im t1 e'ell 7 /2't' Z," r' 7z t � c ! Lf /r r�<- ,c. C7 (✓,cam-Q t-a--�-L. ice c e" ce Az- 2 7 ti ti- r 25" ( / e-tr--7.S(c? ,° z YVc L k c ; cit. e:GI ceG4c2J -/-4-2,1-/ /\97, ✓%by _. � )/ C;t ' 4 '' , f z.,l e l e\ IA >'1-L_/7 C k/ ',-/ . v/ lc fpm7 , ° _ _ DEC 51989 Weld Co. Mamie* Camtissiao 30180 1 ~The Greeley Medical Clinic, P.C. 1900 16th Street • Greeley, Colorado 80631 • (303)353-1551 December 3, 1989 RE: William Alan Oster DOB: 11-14-74 To Whom It May Concern: Alan Oster has had significant problems with asthma for a number of years and is currently on desensitization shots on a weekly basis and frequently requires medication to control his symptoms. One of the triggers for asthma in this child as well as in many other children is a high dust content in the air. Alan lives on a farm a short distance from the proposed new turkey complex and will be on the direct road line which will be heavily trafficked by trucks. I feel that the increased dust and pollution in the area could significantly have an impact upon his asthma and this is a factor that must be considered in the establishment of this industry. Sincerely, oitc4v+-ttr�r Thomas R. Dunn, M.D. Department of Pediatrics 350-2448 TRD/ms :A180 /. F COL o ROY ROMER C' 9 Governor H i' JERIS A._DANIELSON * '+ i '1# State Engineer */876 s OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 1313 Sherman Street-Room 818 Denver, Colorado 80203 (303) 866-3581 November 29, 1989 Ms. Lanell 3 . Curry Weld County Planning Department 915 10th Street Greeley, CO 20631 Re: Longmont Foods - -Turkey -farm URS-898 Sec. 73 , T4N, R65W, 6TH PM Dear Ms. Curry: We have reviewed the above referenced proposal to establish a Turkey Brooding Facility on a 34 acre parcel. The proposed water supply for phase one of the operation is to be an existing well which is currently in the process of being late registered. The historic uses of the well have been drinking and sanitary uses inside a single family dwelling, irrigation of not more than one acre of lawn or garden, watering of domestic animals and livestock watering. This well can continue to be used for these historic uses. The parcel under consideration is located within the Denver Basin in an area where the alluvium is tributary to the South Platte River, an over appropriated stream. The proposed new use for the turkey brooding facility, including any new restroom facilities required in the out buildings, is not an exempt use. If this well is to be the source of water supply, then the applicant must acquire sufficient augmentation or exchange water to replace all stream depletions. This new use for the well will also require a new well permit for the all the uses. Isle cannot recommend approval based on the existing well as the water supply. The application mentions the Central Weld County Water District as a possible future source of water supply. Information available in our files indicates that the District may have sufficient water resources to serve this facility. C 41 1989 ' welt SS0180 Ms. lanell J. Curry November 29, 1989 Page 2 If the District is selected as the water supplier, then we recommend approval contingent upon the developer obtaining a written commitment for service from the District. Sincerely, James R. Hall, P.E. Supervising Water Resource Engineer JRH/JTS cc: Alan Berryman, Division Engineer Bruce DeBrine yL iif1 ' r 1t 11-c1. -i) AFC A 1989 'i�I r wow Cu. Pi! ' :.,,m aS v LAMS° RECEIVED DONALD R. MACKEY, D.V.M. S f:�\ '"" LAWRENCE R. MACKEY, D.V.M. A NIl 4119N r� -PO.-Box 57 DEC 0 9 1? Greeley,Colorado 80631 December 4, 1989 WELD CU thY DEALTH DEPT. Wes Potter Dept. Health Environment sec. Dear Sir: This is in regards to the proposed turkey facility South of Beebe Draw School on -Road 43. 7 have several clients` on this road who have reason to oppose this facility, unless several conditions are met. The Harold Bohlender Farm has some very expensive registered Angus cattle, and Terry Morris has an embryo transplant facility near by. He has some very expensive donors on his premises from time to time. The intersection of Road 43 and 40 is very busy at the present time. In fact, 9ttere is so much traffic that the Bohlenders have to wear face masks at times when they go outside. This dust also affects the respiratory system of cattle. Many feedlots have to keep their feed alleys treated to hold down dust and iprevent Dust pneumonia in the cattle. I have also had experience with turkey waste causing Salmonella problems in -calves. If the turkey wastes are stored in the open where birds, dogs and rodents and wind have access to it, there is a chance of Salmonella being -spread to other animals and man. The turkeys can have Salmonella and not be sick, but be what we call "Carriers". Therefore, if road dust and turkey waste dust cannot be controlled, then this permit should be denied because of its danger to the FUbl;tc Safety, Health and Welfare of Humans and animals. Yours truly, 'Dr. D. R. Macke DRM:r ri s E l -9°0180 December 4,1989 Weld County Planning Commission Centennial Bldg. 915 10th -Street Greeley, CO. 80631 I am formally retracting my letter of November 28, 1989 to the Meld County Planning Commission concerning Longmont Foods permit to built -a -facility on road 43 in Weld County, Sincerely n ilieVihlCel 1---i rr . Bohler_der Assistant State Veterinarian 1i25 Sherman St. Denver, CO. 80203 I i MI-t-- 1W- D EC 4 No r -WM Co. Haul coomfissnip 900180 COLD DLEC :82 .k2)20 Li`! ''IIVIT FOODSi LIVE PR6CUT_TlOH rJcC 4 ,-Z' 11 : 2 N ,"Y 1 F .J1 December 4, 1989 Bob _Edson Longmont, Foods Fax 303-535-4736 I am formally retracting my letter of November 28,1989 to the Weld Co Planning Commission concerning Longmont Foods pertaining to a proposed turkey facility on road 43 in Weld county. _Eincerely 4 /�, /nlrh /f,'' err J. Bohlender cc. Harold Bohlender Bob Anderson Weld Co. Planning Commission ,GC A 190 ( 140Cu. .k,.,.nw ti PLATTE VALLEY 60 S. 27th Avenue SOIL CONSERVATION Brighton , CO 1:30,t',0_1 DISTRICT -fe I epnone : r9-7004 November 27, 1989 Ms . Lane i l J . Curry }; Weld County _ColoradoQ 4 t�J o r �+ 11� • g � De ar tn:ent , PlanningIJ � I��'] l [Ay�TI ervide ='1F 10th Strome 4 f ree i ey, CO _:1 NOV 3 c! 1989 RE: Case Number USR'—39L oInlrklaMs, aaui1I Ii1 :yii Longmont Foods Dear Ms . C=urry: Soils or. part of the area are subject fec.;_ to CaVlri.'. wr:_r: i l ow � h,- sha excavations are made . Care should ce used when wo.r-I:: irig near cutbank:s . Part of the area 3 l�s � i +:�pe5 �,f percent or over . 2u 1 I d ii ng designs and l anascap i ng should take into consider- ation these slopes. Frost a problem f- r aCt ' or: C0Ui {1 be �'� roads and parking area. Septic tank absorption f I e lts should be bu i l t accord tTl3 to Health Department regulations. Part of the area is Prime Agricultural Land according to the Important Farm i- and Map for Weld County,st"y C:[� t l ir-�. t d . t L The report .an base 4 states that wood shavings and turkey manure will not be spread during the crop growing season. This mater i a i srlou 1 d not be spread on the fields when they are frozen or too wet. The material should be stored on site during this time . Required storage sh.:'u i d be specified by the Health Department . The storage area shou i d be designated . Some roads or- tra i l s w i i i be needed for the operation of this business . We ee these roads or trails shorl: d be gravelled or hat-'as ..trt ac-ed or -protected from erosion by some other means . The land ar-ea that is not in bu i i d I nits or roads should be in permanent adapted grass . Weeds and other undesirable plants should be controlled . If grazing is allowed on this area then a grazing rnarta_7-emer'tt plan should be prepared . In the event the area is abandoned then the buildings snould be taken down and debris snoU i d be cleaned up. Ro-ads subso i i ed and the bare areas should a should be seeded to adapted : rasses . Sincerely, , Paul Schrn i dt, V i c e-Fres i dent Board of Supervisors 9(iO11O � l mEMORAnDum Lanell Curry, Planning November 27, 1989 To— Date Drew Scheltinga, County Engineer COLORADO From Longmont Foods Turkey Facility, USR-898 Subject: The amount of traffic to be generated from this site does not justify a Road Improvements Agreement. However, during certain periods of intensified hauling, as outlined in the submittal materials, the present roads may not support the increased traffic. A maintenance agreement could be made between Weld County and the applicant for maintenance and repair of Roads 38 and 43 during periods of increased hauling. ' . 11‘ , \` DLS/mw:prlf cc: Commissioner _Lacy Planning -Referral File - Zongmont Foods Turkey Facility, USR-898 y _ 46,' N0V 2 9 1989 ik ANov. 25, 1989 , Weld County Department of Planning Services Weld Ctro pna;W e. itttL; ,, Weld County Centennial Center 915 Tenth Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 Re: Case No. USR 898 Gentlemen: This petition summarizes the thoughts and concerns of many of the neighbors about the proposed Turkey Facility on WCR 143. Probably the most unanimous concern is the spreading of disease from the proposed Turkey Operation to the numerous cattle herds of all types. Within 50 feet of the property line of the proposed site are pastures and an alfalfa field on which three different owners graze registered cattle for breeding stock. To -the north is a Pioneer Registered Angus Herd, to the south and west is a Registered Salers Herd and an Embryo Transplant Operation, east, across the road is a Reg- istered Angus and Brangus Operation. The property to the east is owned by the person selling the subject property to Longmont Foods, and it should be noted that he is trying to sell the property on the east side of WCR 43 also. A Registered Gelbvieh Operation is located approximately z mile to the east and northeast along WCR 40. Another Registered Angus Herd is located approximately 0.7 mile northwest on the north side of WCR 40. In addition, within about a mile and one half to the north and east are at least four cross-bred operations end one dairy herd. There is a large alfalfa and corn field located less than 3/4 mile west on WCR 38 that produces feed for another family owned dairy. The above described cattle operations are what was broad-brushed by Mr. Lind, attorney for Longmont Foods in paragraph 4, page 2 of his letter to the Planning Services as "ag operations including crop farming, a livestock embryo implant operation, cattle feeding and pasturing." After reading this petition, does this sound like a description of the same property? Back to our main concern of disease spreading to the numerous cattle herds in the area. We are very much concerned about the airborn and water spreading of Salamonella from the manure and wood shaving "litter." In addition, there is a very real threat of coccid- iosis spreading from the multitude of wild birds which will be lured into the Turkey Facility by the spilled feed, and the uneaten Teed in the "litter." If disease is a valid concern of lonamont Foods (Ref. paragraph 3, page 1 and paragraph 6, page 2 of Mr. Linds' letter) why should we as cattle and feed SG0180 2 producers allow this Turkey Facility to be built in the center of our cattle operations. If young turkeys are succeptable to old turkey diseases when the young turkeys are housed indoors, then the reverse is also true and disease can also spread outdoors and into our cattle herds: We can not allow this to happen: We do know that the Schmidt dairy herd was treated for Salamonella two years ago by Dr. Mossberg DVM. They lost most of their calves to the disease. The same herd is now being treated by Mossberg for coccidiosis. They are again losing calves, and the disease is also present in the cows. Again we emphasize, we do not want this to happen in our area. We would also like to point out that there is one heck of a lot of difference between a 500 hen egg production and 150,000 turkeys today. If the disease infection rate is the same for chickens and turkeys, the increased number of turkeys ( 150,000) over the previous chickens (500) , accounts for a very significant 300 times greater risk. Another prevalent concern of people in the area is the dust problem. Currently, turkeys are being hauled west on WCR 40 by semi-truck. They go very fast on the dirt road so that the turkeys don't suffocate in the road dust. The dust they raise is abhorable. We do not want additional dust in our area. You should observe the dust that hangs in the air on a still late afternoon or early evening. The first paragraph of page 4 of Mr. Linds' letter is very missleading. +le states "as the property has been historically used for egg production as well as livestock operations, the vehicular traffic for this operation will not exceed those uses." The egg production to which he referrs was in the 1940's and 1950's. The feed was probably raised by the family, and the manure spread on the pastures (and they may not have been aware of the disease potential) . At any rate, the traffic was considerably less than for the proposed Turkey Facility. Also current cattle usage for a number of years has beento graze the aftermath of the hay crop in November and to feed the same cattle on the hay ground in December. This accounts for far less road usage than portrayed by Mr. Lind as the indication As that both operations were and are year around. You can't compare a 2 or 3 month cattle operation to a year long turkey operation as to road use. Another concern is the waste and associated odor. Again Mr. Linds' proposal for handling of waste is missleading. The cattle use has been 2 or 3 months on pasture and fed in the pasture (manure for fertilizer for the major -ag product of the operation - hay) and the egg production was more than 20 years -ago. The waste problem will increase, not decrease as proposed by Mr. Lind. Many of the neighbors are concerned about feathers blowing around the 900180 3 area. There is already an increase along WCR 40 since the turkey haulers stopped using WCR 44 in favor of WCR 40. Since we are discussing odors, we would like to point out another inconsistency in Mr Linds' letter. In paragraph 4 of his letter, near the top of page 2 he states: "To the West and East there are no residences within one mile of the proposed facility. There is one residence 460 feet South of the property line, and to the North there is another residence 6/10ths of a mile away." In reality, there is a residence about 0.5 mile or less to the west-southwest (on WCR 38) . There is also a residence less than -0.6 mike to the northeast (driveway on WCR 43) and three more less than a mile northeast (all on WCR 40) . There is also a residence 500 to 600 feet east- southeast of the property, and two mobile homes about 0.6 mile south-southeast. In addition, the residence that he states is "460 feet South of the property line", is actually less than 200 feet south of the property line as shown on the Exemption Map - Sketch Plan for Lot A (scale 1" = 400' ) . The map indicates that residence to be 0.4" south of the property line (equals 160 feet) . We assume this is all artists license on the part of Mr. Lind. He is quite a broad- brusher, like don't bother me with any details. The details are what you as County Planners need to pay attention to. Some of us are also concerned about increased usage on the domestic aquifer. Again Mr, Lind is missleading when he referes to comparative water use (bottom of page 2) . You as County Planners should know that there is no way that the subject 35 acres can support "100 head of bred heiffers" for a year (they would have to be cow - calf pairs for part of the year) . Not even all of the 35 acres is irrigated land. There is no way that water consumption for 50,000 phase 1 turkeys, including the washing of ceilings, walls, floors and trucks will be less than 3 months of water use by the previous cattle and the yearly use of 500 hens 20 or more years ago. Lind indicates that phase 1 repeats every 8 weeks. That means 300,000 turkeys a year for phase 1 alone. By phase 3 there would be 900,000 turkeys a year a the proposed facility. Nine hundred thousand turkeys a year brings up the risk comparison of chicken disease to turkey disease again. In the past there were only 500 laying hens per year. If the percentage of sick chickens is the same as sick turkeys, with 900,000 turkeys a year on the place, the risk of disease in poultry has increased to 1 ,800 times greater in the turkey population on a yearly basis. 200180 4 Our final statement involves a gross oversight on the part of Longmont Foods and their attorney. Due to the occasional necessity of the alfalfa, corn and other crop producers adjoining the subject property and in the general area to use aerial application of insecticide, fungicide, and even fertilizer, and the extreem adverse effect that airplanes under full climbing power have on turkeys of all ages (mass death by trampeling of each other and suffocation) we strongly suggest that Longmont Foods withdraw their plan for a Turkey Operation in this area, or that the County Planners turn down the proposal as being incompatible with current agricultural use. We were informed by Mr. Chuck Easton of Easton Sprayers that 1/2 to 3/4 of a mile is required to turn around on each end of the field being sprayed. Prevention of the use of aerial application could severely damage financially any crop farmer within 3/4 of a mile of the proposed facility. The best possible location for a Turkey Operation would be on a large expanse of dry land, near dry land wheat farms where proximity to "litter" customers would be available. - This petition ?is signed in good faith by the following: Name•-. / Al /C Address /J�/-1' ! K �3 Opperatior ,1 ! /."r / j,r ,_, f, `:r- f,_,1/477. ., Date //.i-2 J /' Name 267.0_,_41/44,04 b Address /g%S ire he 43 c - C Operation Cl) Caz`C,6 Date //- Jr- g9 Name t./.rrn/FL . .e3ch(a ) i Address /5975 We, V if 3 4j ,17,,,.4/Qalo 206 f5 Operatiion ) �a,/ FA_)yCti oL, 14 7 ,Q Y� -&4 r(9,, 0 ./ate 1'�q,.�.-t-.�Pn D , e //J I- a_ 5- Y 7 Name Ili, / J. / i. .,/; Address /.,_- /' 7, %/.,, fr, I✓; I / Operation _ ;- d' ` r�rs �; , - .�' -:Y:�, //_/ Date Name }a.•,--2_ a----716-4-1-r-•---- Address / 1 `3j a 'UjUj1 54 44514- 1 Operation y .r1,'-�(/"c-c Gam Y v cX Date -026.,-u -- cI ! ) (L Name %4.,,„ Address / q'.3,2(52 Xi - la ..3O.1t Operation " ow no( Date / ,;2,6"-- ry Q Name f �„Lz s / Address 7.1._2C- `� -./ C' Operation 2 t , 7 rt , — c( Date '/ - -2 i" Y7 200180 Name ,f-Zit? (904 z.0, Address ) / ) 3 Z Kic- /1 yr- !c �// Operation ( _1Z ' Neer{ Date/ /- 2 3 V Name c7.-,,,,,,,,„ ;„( /t,.,,,,t Address ,,;(./D----; ? c✓ C/S i' vc, Operation -170..-2,,,,„2_,-, c - C 4 C±c Date // - -15---- ? t Name ,47-• „,,, . , y , , i ,.� Address i 71 `l I M L-Vc./�" '> `) Operation ',7„_, -/� / Date 1 / - -a- 3 - �=`/ Name)J7( $2 /[� . , -,�Ye'n7 Address/7,7y ze)(�; .� 4 Operation( `jp�,y,,y // Date/ -�3-39 Name uZ-,,Li 0 igaaJ../.- Address iii/j/ 14) f,// ,ta- zeei- Operation @a,L,*i`f _,K Yz, *(5)"-ti.a--ti,: .6-iP• 3SlDate // - a.. -'5-- 11 7 �1 IRe1- 3 1-LC ltd L! 3 Name /V, a,w,,L4, I Q „�o Address 1.. i $n // g • / Operation .,.,ti,,,,q Date 1 / - 2 6 - ,y S Name O4.- - t eiiii,C ) Address/9923 &1(W S!3 ,(q 5,we e4 Operation,:9 Date/%.2G p'9 Name ,-.:16-1,-.0,/ i-e.c- z--e IL A__. Address 1 5-9 L4' C , R. y.z: 4, 3a-Wc,�C1 -Operation 7;f «,y_,,,A_ Date /1 - 2j -89 Name, ..c Address 2> 4/�e„�,7D4,�e.l Sf;, d/ba,,,b , C 4 ) _. Operation - a/�>.,2 Gfl (-Rd_ V4 S Iate // --7‘ -Ci Name ��/,�,t Address / 2J V'C e7 -2- �7 Operation Date ///i7e% / Name &Jaw m, G.th7J Address QjbYu W,c,R, 4_2- 46,2a. ,119.:, Operation (1?..¢22.4.2., .d Oaf Date 1/ R7 J fcr7 �� // J Name,‘,2M ,�� ' Address�o�f o iv�� y� Operration d`,,„A„,, // Date //- ,;,2,/-177 Name r.-_ 0-71.4 3 t CCEc h K./ Addresso)Qova cock ck;., Operation Fc r/rn )p Date j/7-97/679 NAME —.. V ' ' i_ _ ADDRESS (9G770 . ,or4,2l-/2-A/fj A/1t iii f." - OPERAT 1 O ---._ - 1! M .:.. l DATE///2-7�, C.l.-_ NAME O" ‘- 146422,..,--- ADDRESS. -tilA�:t'_— 4 ____ /f-W/. , OPERATION �.�..� —/' DATE ///��/�/ NAME YS2c.�,__ � 1 ( ADDRESS / 92 V_y_ Luc ii - _ _e<3_ OPIRAT I ON 4. _ ii NAME - - ✓__ - ADDRESS •' . . ai„, r, t//� f. 4/ Lc, 3)(v UQ4f OPERATIO4 (21r en,'K INC1,-7� )vi a . /97„2_'ux i /S /V -fry-e DATE 1/ Z7- C5 _�_- _ 7- -rte NAME-- t ADDRESS .22J ZJ tin) AC-'��CstinC //! . OPERATION 1/ _ j_�a /x_ DACE 7-.1/ a NAME7.2411--s_; ' 7-.Z,/ __.` ADDRESS 6c)G S 5i 3 a --orirchtLc OPERATION_T .t)t1_,V/�� -,4 ., 12,:lit; 2/_../ -— DATE , / yL _Li- NAME .-21-v627 ;') : 6-- ADDRESS •23 c.1 /Q .2/ =rt 9( it. -�ca.. OPERATIONS DATE / / ^ 5. J - Y NAME /l at is.,_.- G�..Lc'ssJ ADDRESS oe/C i'1 9 S .,,:4_% 7 d±>CPtir' OPERATION __.___,)/9//R / _.- DATE// -77-n.____ NAME_--_C - Q?2..4, , - - ADDRESS2 / S2,7 id '7y „lc:H. `- 3dl4/i . OPERATIO -12C` 1.9 _ __-- _-- DATE /!/-- 7 NAME_—/ ),c)- tli.y--- ---_--_ ADDRESS /3S31/ 42: YrL. OPERATION ///9/27-- -------- ------ - ---- ----- DATE //-:Z.7- St PY NAME --_ ,.. /-z, ! ,..r ' /G-v ADDRESS ,' `7.I ,/5l''.-1(1 X -i/S- xl >!'Y ,> OPERA. ION - ✓[ °/;i2C/ DATE�[� z -LS NIX at r ADDRESS,.. ')S 6 a-le e �2 Aav[If (10/G it 5/I OPERATION C./-`‘--; 7C�1LC-'� _ DATE-//_Z il NAME_ /L -�L!_.60mSdssczi..------ ---ADDRESS � //E 7 / 113 --- q OPERA I ON C ti�2 ---.__ --- -DATE / L —i L-- 000180 19923 Weld County Road 43 ; �� La Salle, Colorado 8_0645 Ii November 27, 1-98-9 NOV1989 J1 i COCO ,,reqc.;i.. Weld County DeparLment of Planning Services Weld County Centennial Center 915 Tenth Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 Dear Members of the Planning Commission: This letter will summarize the thoughts and concern we, James L. Oster and Lelia E. Oster, husband and wife, and Donna L. Oster have regarding the proposed turkey facility on Weld County 12oad 43. We are not against turkey facilities but do believe the proposed site and location is not compatible with local current agricultural use. We believe that consideration must be given to the health and safety of longtime residents nearby and to the historical use of the surrounding lands . We have two farms consisting of 280 acres located ' Z/2 mile north of the -proposed site for the turkey facility on the west and east of the intersection of Weld County Roads 40 and 43. Following are the concerns and considerations : 1 . The extra road traffic due to the operation of the turkey facility will , in fact , cause more excessive dust to settle in our homes and on our crops . Road Oust settling on our grass hay raised for horse feed and an the alfalfa hay may make this hay unfit for horses . We produce high _quality horse hay and have hay storage facilities built to help preserve this high quality for winter use. 2 . -Excessive dustifrom the road settles on the corn and allow spider mites to reproduce faster. Dust on the corn leaves does not allow the pesticide for spider mite to be effective. 3 . The excessive dust permeates our homes and makes our lives most uncomfortable and increases health problems for the 3 asthma and allergy sufferers in our homes , 2 of whom are minor children. 4 . The heavy trucks from the turkey facility will cause the roads to deteriorate even further and become even more "washboardy" thus causing much more damage to farm equipment and vehicles in general. 5 . £i-nce our alfalfa and corn crops need in most years to be sprayed for pests two times each in a growing season , we are concerned that this facility will interfere with prudent and historical farming practices . One of our farms, located on the northwest corner of Weld County Road intersection 40 and 43 , is 1/4 mile wide and 1 mile long. Therefore, when the fields are sprayed , the airplane has to fly 900180 page 2 Weld County Planning Department November 27 , 1-989 in a north/south direction. Mr. Chuck Easton, of -Easters Aerial Sprayers , La Salle, Colorado, informs us that they need 1/2 to 3/4 of a mile of airspace south of our farm to turn around. 'The proposed turkey facility will be in the place that has historically been used by the aerial pesticide sprayers to turn around when applying pesticide spray to our farm. If the turkey facility is built, we believe we will be severely damaged financially by not being able to use aerial applications when necessary due to the strict aviation rule that a plane has to be 2 ,000 feet above any turkey facility when passing over or near it. 6. I , James Oster, have lited all my life en the one farm which was homesteaded by my grandfather in the late 1800 's . We are concerned as to where Mr. Lind obtained his facts to state that the 35 acres have been able to support 100 head of cattle and that the proposed turkey facility would cause no more water usage and traffic than the historical usage did. Never has this 35 acre supported 100 head of cattle for a long period of time and neither was the turn around time only eight weeks . We believe the location for a turkey facility is to be far away from irrigated cropland and faraway from where farms are close together as they are in this area. Nor should a turkey facility the built where cattle operations are and always have been located. We, the undersigned, recommend that the planning committee give very careful review and thoughtful consideration to the facts and should carefully consider the health and agricultural positions of the family farmers who have historically resided in this arca. Respectfully submitted, i,a � tit , Yames L. Oster L Lelia E. Oster ,L mx 1fc�J cyj ,_ ZCe� Donna L. Oster 1-615-5Th (VP N0V 2 9 1989 UL's Weld-ch. Plaon,hv eoNhuris eu 900180 Novembe 9, .989 Department of planning Seivices Weld County Centennial Center 915 Tenth-Street Greeley, Colorado -80631 Re: Case #U S R - 898 Dear -Sirs: As owners of the property bordering on the north side of U S R - 898 we want-.borbe put on record as opposing this proposed large scale turkey operation. We raise feed for our registered herd of Angus Cattle. We are considered Pioneer Angus breeders by the American Angus Association. At the present time roads 43, 40 and 38 are very dry and dusty; they are dry and dusty most every year. Pearl and I live at the intersection of roads 43 and 40, there are times the dust is so bad it is almost unbearable. This is due to the increased traffic on these roads by Oil Co. trucks and pickups, trucks transporting turkeys and feed along with the normal farm traffic. The Equestrian horse show and developement has added to the traffic -considerably on these roads. Longmont Foods state in their application that traffic will not be increased. This is absolutely misleading and wrong. They state a hundred head of cattle have been fed feed on these thirty five acres, that is misleading and wrong. They outline the size of the -trucks and the number of trips that need to be made in operating the turkey facility. These trucks are large and will make many trips. This will multiply traffic over and over on these roads. We are very concerned for our health and the health of our registered Angus herd, as these developements take place in our area. Our veterinarian, Dr. Donald Mackey, told us he had to treat a herd of cattle $8r the disease, Salmonella. This herd got infected because of turkey manure that was put on the soil. This is alarming to us as our main prod)tct is sound healthy breeding stock. Coccidiosis is another very serious disease that can be transmitted by bites and wind. This turkey operation will certainly attract more birds because of manure and spilled grain in the manure. This turkey facility dill be put in the middle of two purebred herds, plus an embryo transplanting operation. This will detract from the natural farm and ranch setting, which may affect the merchandising of our registered high quality breeding animals. It will also affect the value of our land, because living near a turkey facility like this is very undesirable. Low Level Dusting Co. Of La Salle, Co. tell es they would not be able to dust or spray all of -our crops if -Longmont Foods insist they stay away from their property 500 feet or more. Will Longmont Foods let the dusting planes fly near and over their brooding facility? There is just a fence line between our land and the land theypropose to build on. lie want to ask you, as our planning board, to seriously consider us and all of the people living on roads 43,40 and 38 in our area, before you approve a large turkey operation like the one proposed. Sincerely, ) Harold and Pearl Bohlender. L N0V 2 9 1989 ! ileld Cu, crba,“om comas u. _9GO1C7O lit NOV 2 9 1989 , November 28,1989 Weld CO. Raga's w ka stwon Weld County Planning Commission Weld County Centennial Bldg. 915 10th Street Greeley, CO. 80631 It is my understanding that Longmont Foods (USR 898) are petitioning Weld County to build a turkey raising facility in Weld County on road 43. Bob Anderson, a land owner on road 43, expressed his concern regarding the facility to me. I agree the road dust created by increased traffic is a potential problem in causing dust pneumonia in animals near the road. If manure from the facility is not properly handled; it is a potential to harbor disease agents such as coccidiosis and salmonella that can be spread by bird or other agents to livestock in the area. Farmers in the area often have to aerial spray their crops with insecticides. Drift of the insecticides into the turkey area spells a liability to the applicator. Z am -sure there are other areas that would be more suitable to the facility. The impact and danger on livestock in the road 43 area could be serious. Please consider a denial of this proposed project. Sin erely J/rry./}1-94,14/1/J/1/1/(-7 lender -kssigiant State Veterinarian State of Colorado -Room 406 State Services Bldg. Denver, CO. 80203 cc:Bob Anderson Harold Bohlender 300130 LAND-USE APPLICATION SUMMARY SHEET Date: November 28, 1989 CASE NUMBER: USR$98 NAME: Longmont Foods, c/o Kenneth Lind ADDRESS: 1011 E1-eventh Avenue, Greeley, -CO 80631 4tEQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for a -Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the A (Agricultural) zone district LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NE} SE} of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M., Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately .3 miles north of Weld County -toad 38 SIZE OF -PARCEL: 34 acres, more or less -POSSIBLE ISSUES SUMMARIZED FROM APPLICATION MATERIALS: The criteria for review of this proposal is listed in Section 24.3 of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance. The -Department of planning Services' staff has received a specific recommendation from the Weld County Extension Service, La Salle Tire Department, and the Weld County Health Department. 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At if 1-,. . .fsy* FIELD CHECK FILING NUMBER: USR-898 DATE OF INSPECTION: November 27, 1989 NAME: Longmont Foods REQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan and a Special. Review Permit for a Turkey Brooding facility (150,000 turkeys) ±n the A (Agricultural) zone district LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NE} SE} of ection 33, Z4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of -Weld County -Road 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38 LAND USE: N Pasture, oil and gas production, one residence -within .5 miles, tattle E Weld County Road -43. pasture, cattle, one residence S Two residences, cattle -confinement operation, pasture W -Pasture, -oil and gasproduction ZONING: N A (Agricultural) E A (Agricultural) S A (Agricultural) W A (Agricultural) COMMENTS: Access to this parcel is from Weld County Road 43, a gravel road. The existing structures are as shown on the plat except the structures appear to be closer to the road. The terrain on this parcel slopes from the west to the -east and from the south to the -north. The parcel is currently in pasture. Beebe Draw -PUD is approximately .5 miles south of this parcel. vLanell J. 9uiry Curr-ent Planner 9001-80 REFERRAL LIST NAME: Longmont Foods CASE NUMBER: USR-898 REFERRALS SENT: November 8, 198-9 REFERRALS TO BE RECEIVED BY: November 22, 1989 COUNTY TOWNS and CITIES Attorney Ault X Health Department Brighton ,i X Extension Service Dacono _Emergency Management Office Eaton Sheriff'$ Office _Erie X -Engineering _Evans _Housing Authority _Firestone _Airport Authority Fort Lupton _Building Inspection Frederick _Garden City STATE Gilcrest X Sivision of Water Resources Greeley Geological Survey Grover _Department of Health Hudson Highway Department Johnstown _Historical S _ociety Keenesburg Water Conservation Board 'Kersey ,Oil and Gas Conservation Commission La Salle �Lochbuie FIRE "DISTRICTS Longmont_ _Ault F-1 Mead_Berthoud -F-2 Milliken Brighton -F-3 —New Raymer _Dacono F-113 Nunn _Eaton F-4 _Platteville _Fort Lupton F-5 _Severance Galeton F-6 __Windsor _Hudson F-7 Johnstown -F-8 COUNTI-ES X La Salle -F=9 Adams _Longmont F-10 Boulder Milliken 11 �Larimer Nunn F-12 _Pawnee Platteville F-13 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES _Platte Valley JF-14 _US Army Corp of Engineers Poudre Valley I'-15 USDA-APHIS Veterinary Service �Raymer Federal Aviation Administration _Southeast Weld I'-16 _Federal Communication Commission _Windsor/Severance F-17 Wiggins F-18 _Western Hills F-20 SOIL ICONSERVATION DISTRICTS Brighton OTHER Fort Collins Central Colo. Water Conservancy Dist. _Greeley _Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Co. Longmont _X Evans #2 Ditch X Platte Valley Platte Valley Irrigation CO. c/e Rodger I. Houtchens COMMISSION/BOARD MEMBER 1007 Ninth Avenue X Judy Yamaguchi Greeley, CO 10631 9 ()1$0 fEmORAfDUM I Weld County Planning November 22, 1989 To Date Environmental Protection Services 14A 12p COLORADO From Case Number: USR-$98 Name: Longmont Foods Subject: Environmental Protection Services has reviewed this proposal and recommends for approval, subject to the following conditions: 1. The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in a manner that will -prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to -a condition that facilitates excessive odors, flies, or insect pests, or pollutant runoff. The manure storage site shall have -a water-tight surface which does not permit seepage or -percolation of manure pollutants into the ground. 2. Waste oil, treatments, spent drug containers, anti-freeze, and other associated liquid and solid wastes, shall be stored and removed for final disposal ins manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. 3. No -permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. 4. An ISDS Evaluation on all existing septic systems will be necessary prior to issuing the -required septic -permits on the existing systems. 5. Wood shavings, saw dust, and waste materials shall be handled, stored, and disposed ins manner that controls fugitive dust, blowing debris, and other potential nuisance conditions. 6. Fugitive dust must be confined on this site. 7. The facility shall be operated in a manner which protects against vector borne pathogens being transported -off-site. 8. No one-site disposal of dead animals shall be permitted at any time. 9. An individual sewage disposal system, or a vault, is required for the proposed facility and shall be installed according to the Weld County Individual Sewage disposal Regulations. __. _ __... WP317/cs OV,_. 2 7 1969 9(01® n014, Plaai..atre oaapm".a•aes FIELD CHECK Filing Number: USR-4398 Date of Inspection: o6(6., Applicant's Name: Longmont Foods Request: A Site Specific Development Plan end a Special Review Permit for a Turkey -Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district Legal Description: Part of the NE} SE} of Section -33, T4N, -R65W of the -6th P.M., Weld County, Colorado Location: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately -3 miles north of Weld County Road 38 Land Use: N — /C V � �ILJ-J/ S j' Crd � W - C514,34: cd(P Zoning: N Agricultural E Agricultural S Agricultural W Agricultural COMMENTS: / //J rI� / / At:C 11 CGdc45 a `f( 1 in-led 4 aSe. 4, 06T `62 f,[,C '�3 a-r-P r mlr th1 Ras 43 3S cl/C42_ La,4, a .Plna na4v- ≤ PA, 1un Cam. cdImvt \c (1;ca4;on Li/k- n nc-kractki Aft jta, 4v Yx 4./"/>!.r/I�t��y I. Si ature of Boa "Me k1V 1b 1989 ( + II 3001.SO ip®� fg Cp„-PlaN4ahlo d+Wll�➢dStiF1: 3001.Sp/� IJ Agenda Date: December 5, 1989 Applicant's Name: Longmont Foods Location: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38 Legal Description: -Part _of the NE} SE} of Secti-on 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th Z'.M. , Weld County, £dl--orado Type of Operation: -A Site Specific Development Plan end $ Special Review permit for Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district Comments: J 4 , di/tat:as • 900180 Wet County Extension Service Table 3: Approximate growth rate and feed-consump- Table 4• Dail tion of broiler chickens.* y water requirements. Chickens Turkeys Average Pounds of feed per 1,0003tirtls weight per (per 100 birds) (per 1000 birds) Total Age bird pounds Age(weeks) Gallons Age(weeks) Gallons (weeks) (pounds) Per_day Per week (accumulative) 1 4.5 1 12.0 1 0.20 35 245 245 2 11.0 2 19.0 2 0.45 60 420 665 3 15.0 3 25.0 3 0.75 75 525 1,190 4 20.0 4 37.0 4 1.10 95 665 1,855 5 24.0 5 48.0 5 1.55 135 945 2,800 6 27.0 6 60.0 6 2.10 175 1,225 4,025 7 32.0 7 72.0 7 2.65 190 1,330 5,360 8 41.0 8 840 8 3.20 210 1,470 6,830 9 42.0 9 88.0 9 3.75 220 1,540 8,370 10 49.0 10 102.0 10 4.30 240 1,680 11 10,050 52.0 11 115.0 72 'Values are guides for smaller non-commercial flock situations Nonlaying hens 50.0 13 122.0 (Adopted by author from Merck 1967). To convert to metrics use Laying hens 15 19 142.0 the following equivalent-1-pound =453.6 grams. 1 (moderate 21-24 13535.0 .0-170.0 temp.) 50.0-75.0 Laying hens (90°F.) 90.0 These values are approximate and vary according to weather. 'Adopted from Merck(1967). To convert to metrics use the following equivalent-1 gallon = 3.78 liters. Table 5:Turkey performance.(Feed required and time-required to obtain certain average live weights in large white and broad-breasted bronze turkeys.) Weeks of age to Average Average obtaintertain live live Quantity of teed required per bird live weights weight weight Per female Per female Per male Per male (pounds) (kilograms) (pounds) (kilograms) (pounds) (kilograms) Female Male .6 0.25 .66 0.3 .7 0.3 2.0 1.8 1.1 0.5 165 075 1.7 0.75 3.5 3.3 2.2 1.0 3.85 1.75 3.5 1.6 5.6 5.2 3.3 1.5 6.60 3.0 5.7 2.6 7.0 6.9 4-0 2.0 9.35 425 8.6 3.9 8.3 7.6 5.5 2.5 12.32 5.6 11.2 5.1 9.7 8.7 676 3.0 15.84 7.2 14.0 6.34 11.0 9.6 8.8 4.0 23.32 10.6 20.0 9.1 13.5 11.2 11.0 5.0 33.00 15.0 27.2 12.34 16.3 13.1 13.2 6.0 45.00 20.45 34.8 15.8 19.2 14.9 15.0 6.8 50.00 22.73 38.6 17.5 203 16.0 15.4 7.0 58.63 26.65 42.4 19.3 23.1 16.8 17.6 19.8 8.0 - - 50.9 23.2 - 183 9.0 - - 59.8 27.2 20.33 22.0 10.0 - - 69.9 31.8 24.2 11.0 - - 22.3 - 76.9 35.0 - 24.0 900180 November 27, 19_39 Ms. Lanell £u-rry, Current Plann-er Weld _County Planning Department 915 10th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 Ms. Curry, I have r-evieve-cf the plot plan submitted by _Longmont Foods concerning the construction of a turkey _brooding facility at 1-8473 W-elti _County Road 43. I contacted a representative of L-on-gmont -Foods today and reviewed with him the list of my xruestion-s and requests and he -stated that he would have all -of the answers at the hearing. I will briefly explain my questions and requests. There was no mention o₹ nor were there plans of a st-orage -area for the woo-d chips whi-ch will be used for -the "litter" in th-e brooding operation. I was told that there will not be any on sits. storage of wood chips at this time, t-he chips will be h-auled into the facility by -truck. I requesters -a sp-ec sheet on the insulation -to be used in the brooding houses showing toxicity le-vela and flammability ratin-g of the material to be used. The _Longmont Foods representative stet-ed that he would have this information available at th-e hearing. In -the proposal it is mentioned that th-er-e is an irrigation well on -this property. I would reque-st that an overheats fill -pipe be installed on this well which moul-d allow us to fill our fire apparatus tanks in the event of -a large fir-e at this facility. I would ask that this #ill system be completed prior to the completion -of Phase III of the project. Also the La Salle Fir-e _Department would like to have input into the design of -this system. Again th-e representative stated that he -would have an answer -to this request at the -hearing. There are two items that I did not discuss with the representative of Longmont Foods but I would like to request -them at this time. First of all at the completion 01 -Phase I _of the proposal 1 -would -ask that representatives of -the La Salle Fire Department be contacted by Longmont Foods so that the fire fighters may have an on -site tour of -the facility. The second part of my request is that at the completion -of Phase III of the project that -contact again be made with the Fire Department -so that the fire fighters can tour the entire _completed facility. -Hope-fully -we can maintain an open channel al communication -between Longmont Foods and the La Salle Fire .Depa-rt-ment so that tours of the facility can be scheduled in the years to _come so that our fire fighters, both new and old, can stay $breast of the workings -of the facility. Thank you for the opportunity to comment on this propos-al and if you -have any qu-estian-s don't hesitate -to give me a call. Sincerely, c '` i :I •�� 1'. NOV 2 7 1909 jIj Gary andau, Fire Marshal j La Salle Fire Department tag p 90180 C E R S I F I CAT E O F M A I L I N t i hereby certify that I have placed a true and correct copy of the surrounding property owners and owner-s And lessees of minerals in accordance with the notification requirements of Weld County in the case #USR-898 for Longmont Food in the United States Mail postage prepaid First Class Mail by postal card es Addressed an the attached list. This 14th day of November, 1989. TTT: • TO: SURROUNDING PROPERTY OWNERS DR OWNERS AND LESSEES OF MINERALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH WELD COUNTY'S NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS. The Weld County -Planning Commission will -hold a public hearing on Tuesday, December 5, 1989, et 1:30 p.m. in the County Commis- sioners' -Hearing Room, first floor, Weld _County Centennial Center, 915 10th Street, -Greeley, Colorado, concerning the request of: CASE NUMBER: USR-898 APPLICANT: Longmont Foods REQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan And a Special Review Permit for -a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,00D turkeys) 3n the A (Agricultural) zone district LEGAL: Part of the NE} SEI of Section 33, T4N, 1165W of the 6th P.M., Weld County, -Colorado LOCATION: West of Weld County Road 43, approxiamtely .5 -miles north of Weld County Road 38 For more -Information tall Lanell J. Curry, _Current Planner. WELD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES 915 10th Street - Room 342 Greeley, _CO 80631 Phone 356-4000, Ext. 4400 900180 MAILING LIST Longmont Foods USR-898 Union Pacific Land Resources Corp. P.O. Box 2500 Broomfield, CO 80020 The Robert Gerrity Company 3200 Cherry Creek Drive South Suite 200 Denver, CO 80209 Tower Energy Corporation 11990 Grant Street Suite 218 Northglenn, CO 80233 Aristocrat Angus Ranch 9053 Weld County Road 34 Platteville, CO 80651 Robert L. Andersen and Patricia A. Andersen 15370 Telluride Street Brighton, CO 80601 Harold Bohlender and Pearl Bohlender 18975 Weld County Road 43 La Salle, CO 80645 Vernon L. Moser 18844 Weld County Road 43 La Salle, CO 80645 Evans No. 2 Ditch c/o Thomas A. Houtchens 1007 9th Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 900180 (f° & kit:\ SIICSTIR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES PHONE(303)356-4000,EXT.4400 p' 915 10th STREET GREELEY,COLORADO 80631 e COLORADO November 8, 1989 Mr. Ken Lind Attorney at Law Lind, Lawrence and Ottenhoff 1011 11th Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 Subject: USR-898 — Request for a Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review permit for a turkey brooding facility on a parcel of land described as part of the NE} SE} of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado Dear Mr. Lind: Your application and related materials for the request described above are complete and in order at the present time. I have scheduled a meeting with the Weld County Planning Commission on Tuesday, December 5, 1989, at 1 :30 p.m. This meeting will take place in the County Commissioners' Hearing Room, first floor, Weld County Centennial Center, 915 10th Street, Greeley, Colorado. It is recommended that you and/or a representative be in attendance to answer any questions the Planning Commission members might have with respect to your application. It is the responsibility or an applicant to see that a sign is posted on the property under consideration at least 10 days preceding the hearing date. Sometime prior to November 20, 1989, you or a representative should call me to obtain a sign to be posted on the site no later than November 25, 1989. The Department of Planning Services' staff will make a recommendation concerning this application to the Weld County Planning Commission. It is the responsibility of the applicant to call the Department of Planning Services' office a few days before the date of the Planning Commission hearing to obtain that recommendation. 900180 Mr. Ken Lind November 8, 1989 Page 2 If you have any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to call me. Respectfully, (XL1--wai de • Lanell J. Curr y Current Planner LJC:rjg pc Longmont Foods Division of ConAgra 14377 Mead Street Longmont, CO 80501 enclosure 900180 November 26 , 1989 t"'_ ?i1 '�� ; 1 r Department of Planning Services ( 9 t1/ Weld County Centennial Center -915 Tenth _Street hid Co. Mauna issa,i, -Greeley , Colorado 80631 Dear Sirs : As owner of the property bordering USR-898 on both the south and the west sides , I am totally against the permitting of a large scale turkey ( or any poultry ) facility in the area . I am running a purebred and fullblood Saler cattle operation on my ranch . In addition , Western Transplants is doing Embryo work there and for many of the neighbors . I hope to show that a comercial turkey facility is NOT COMPATIBLE with the current and ongoing agricult- ural operations of the area . I would very much like to attend the Planning hearing at 1 : 30 PM on Dec . 5 , 1989, however I have prey- ous contractural consulting obligations in the State of Nevada . I wish to point out that the other neighbors to the north of my property , Harold and Pearle Bohlender have a purebred cattle operation and are considered by the American Angus Foundation to be Pioneer Breeders . As purebred breeders our greatest concern with the proposed turkey facility is the tremendous potential for disease as a result -of any large poultry operation in the area . It is very unlikely that I would have purchased the ranch I now own if the poultry -operation that was on the USR-898 property more than 20 years ago was still in operation at the time . Coccidiosis is a very serious disease that can be transmitted to cattle by birds , especially througjstool contaminated water and feed . Even if the turkeys are disease free , the thousands and even 2 hundreds of thousands of blackbirds , starlings , sparrows and cow- birds that will come in to eat the grain out of the turkey manure piles and spilled grain off of the ground may not be disease free . A large influx of birds will more than likely spread that disease , or other diseases such as Salamonella to our cattle herds . At the present time 4 out of the known 7 polled Fullblood Salers cattle in the world are at my ranch for embryo transplant with Western Transplants . The value of a polled Fullblood Salers cow is astronomical . There are horned Salers cows at my ranch that cost up to $25,000 each . I think that you should be aware that it costs between $800 and $1200 to get an embryo calf on the ground . If we should start - losing calves as the Schmidt Dairy has due to Salamonella and now because of coccidiosis , it could put us out of business . I am sure that Longmont Foods (AKA Con Agra) and the Weld County Planners do not wish to bear the financial liability (or to post a sufficient bond) to protect against a contagious disease and possible loss of an adult donor cow , besides the loss of calves as the above named dairy has had. There are at least a dozen other Weld County ranchers who ranch or at least graze cattle on winter pasture within 1z miles of the subject property . I am sure that they do not want anything to do with these diseases either . The house on my property is less than 200 feet from the property line , not 460 feet as stated by the lawyer for Longmont Foods in his letter to the Planners . Feedlot odors and turkey manure can be very offensive, especially after a rain. 900180 3 I would like to point out another inconsistency in the lawyers letter . His letter mentions two residences within 0 . 6 miles and he says , "there are no residences within a mile to the west or east" . In reality there are at least nine residences that I can think of that he forgot to mention that are within a mile of the subject property . Since the prevailing winds are normally from the northwest through the northeast , our house ( less than 200 feet south ) will recieve most of the odor and dust . There has never been anywhere near the amount of traffic indi- cated by the lawyer for Longmont Foods in the previous use of the land as nearly all of the feed was grown on the place or adjacent property which was owned by the same people . The increased traffic will cause greater dust accumulation on pasture , corn and hay crops all along WCR 38 , WCR 40 , and WCR 43 . This can cause dust pneumonia , in cattle grazing in pastures bordered by the above named roads . Dust pneumonia is especially harmful in younj calves . Paul Anderson recently had to treat a calf for dust Pneumonia . He is located about a mile north of my property on WCR 43 . I have never had a dust pneumonia case . Dust also causes undue wear on the teeth of animals eating the pasture and crop feeds , shortening the usefull lifespan ( a very costly thing in purebred herds ) . Dust also gets into the houses , inflaming allergies in many of the residents . The continued use of heavy trucks as indicated in the letter by the lawyer , can not be compared to previous use at all . Not even to the occasional heavy use as during oil drilling operations , which are periodic . Also the increase in traffic of grain trucks will 3°°ie0 4 most certainly add to the grain spill along the road , which will also help lure more wild birds into the area (more disease risk) . In the proposal to the Planning Services , the lawyer for Long- mont Foods indicated that they do not want their indoor brooder facility next to their own turkey finishing facilities because of the "possibility of disease" . If Longmont Foods is worried about disease in their brooders , they should be afraid of spreading those same diseases to our expensive registered cattle . Remember that many other ranchers and dairys will have their most expensive animals and prize winning animals at the embryo facility for transplant and A . I . work . The embryo facility is about 100 feet south of the USR- 898 property line . More than half of Western Transplants customers are from Weld County . Will this Turkey Facility prevent me and my neighbors from using aerial applications . I believe there is an F . A . A . regulation as to the distance and elevation that planes can use near Turkey F-acilities . I have been informed that the minimum distance for a crop duster to turn is one half mile . If this is true , I believe that prior usage by any or all of the crop producers makes the proposed Turkey Operation totally incompatible with current and ongoing agricultural operations . Also what effect will drifting insecticides have on young turkey poults if it gets in the air vents or airconditioning vents? Please do not let Longmont Foods install any kind of poultry operation in our area and put our purebred cattle at risk . Si cerely , Robert L . Andersen 5 Elk Horn Ranch Salers 18213 WCR #43 La Salle, Colorado 80645 Residence 15370 Telluride St . Brighton, Colorado 80601 -Ph . 1 -659-3585 CC Weld County Health Dept . Weld -County Commissioners :900_190 PLATTE VALLEY IRRIGATION COMPANY C/O Thomas A. Houtchens, Secretary 10-07 Ninth Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 Department of Planning Services Weld County, Colorado 915 10th Street Greeley, CO 80631 -R-E: APPLICATION FOR SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT FROM LONGMONT FOODS, CASE NO. USR-898 Gentlemen/Mesdames: The Board of Directors of Platte Valley Irrigation Company has reviewed the above application in connection with the affect on the operation of our irrigation ditch which runs through the property proposed for the high intensity agricultural use. We have two concerns: 1 . Any permit should restrict the use so that waste from the operation of the brooding facility, such as dead animals, feces, and feathers are not allowed to contaminate the ditch or interfere with water delivery to our shareholders. 2 . We are concerned that the plan is such that the improvements are below the ditch in elevation. Part of the hazards of operating a water delivery system is the potential for flooding. Such unforeseeable incidents such as broken river headgates or high rainfall may cause the ditch to overflow its banks. Since our ditch runs principally through unimproved or low intensity use land, such risks are acceptable. In this case, given the high intensity use to be developed directly under the ditch, we would ask that any site plan include requirements that the ditch bank be improved by the applicant to minimize this risk. Please call us if you have any questions. PLATTE ,VALLEY IRRIGATION CO. i jDEC Thomas A. Houtchens, Secretary J51969 Vili0 CO, PitAiMiAt ApjfigMbil. S00180 To : Weld County Department of Planning Services Re : Case # USR-898 Longmont Foods Site Specific Development Plan and Special Review Permit for a Turkey Brooding Facility . Date : December 5 , 1989 As landowner ' s adjacent to the proposed site and also as executors of a specific petition opposed to the above request , this letter shall serve as our individual objection to the site specific and special review permit being requested by Longmont Foods . In addition to concerns regarding the spreading of disease from the proposed turkey operation to nearby cattle herds , road dust , waste , odor , debris , useage of existing water supplies and probable change of existing use to conform with hopefully an adjudicated and augmented plan , our specific objection and concern is the Commission recognizing the need for continued aerial crop spraying on our nearby lands/fields . In reviewing the USR application and supporting documents for the proposed site , we were disappointed in that Mr . Lind failed to mention that our agriculturally zoned property and specific to crop production required on a timely basis during the growing season the aerial application of pesticides and/or insecticides and that future applications of pesticides/ insecticides to our corn , alfalfa , potatoes , onions , or other possible crops may in fact be devastating to such a facility of its nature . It is with thses concerns that we as nearby landownerg strongly object to such a ill advised and planned facility for the area . We therefore would appreciate your review and favorable denial of this planned facility near our homes and farms/ranches until a more detailed impact study is completed . Respectfully submitted , Vern L . Moser Joan E . Moser s, c—c2,LPC4}? I 1 �, OWC 1989 -900180 SITE SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT PLANT SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Longmont Foods USR - 898 3 . The applicant shall remove , handle , and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions . The manure piles shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that facilitates excessive odors , flies or insect pests , or pollutant runoff . The manure storage site shall have a watertight surface which does not permit seepage or percolation of manure pollutants. In the event that removal of the manure stockpile from the site cannot be completed within 5 days , the stockpile shall be covered securely by tarpaulin or plastic (not less than 10 mil . thickness ) in such a fashion as to protect against vector-borne pathogens being transported off-site , and shall remain securely covered until removed off-site. 900180 tecember 5 , 1989 Weld County Department of Planning Services 915 Tenth Street Greeley, CO 80631 Re: Longmont Foods (USR 898) Ladies & Gentlemen: This letter is submitted in support of the above referenced Use by Special Review. I own property located in the Southwest One Quarter of Section 34 which is immediately east of the subject property. On this property I raise prime livestock and beef cattle and I am familiar with the property upon which the USR is proposed. The USR property was owned by me for 8 of the last 18 years and I am familiar with the uses upon that property. Said property has been used for irrigated agriculture as well as for grazing and pasturing of livestock. The property has been used for feeding and pasturing of approximately 50 head of bulls , both in the corrals as well as in the pasture for up to 6 months in duration . At other times the property has been used for feeding and pasturing of Holstein heifers , steers and cows and up to 212 head of bred cows and/or calves . The larger number of livestock upon the property were kept on said property for approximately 3 months and smaller numbers were located on the property up to a full year. All waste from the feeding operation was removed and applied to adjoining farmlands. All water for the domestic use , residence and watering of livestock was provided by the existing domestic/stock water well located upon the property . The well has been tested and is quite adequate for stock watering purposes of all cattle we have had upon the property. Additionally , the property has an irrigation well which has been used to irrigate approximately 25 acres of the total 34 acres. Thank you for your attention in this matter. ARISTOCRAT ANGUS RANCH Ben Houston, Partner 900180 FIGURES CONCERNING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AS COMPILED FROM MR. LIND'S LETTER CONCERNING USR# 898 The figures below were compiled as accurately as possible using Mr. Kenneth Lind's figures. It is unclear to us whether he means just one phase or all three phases on the figures since the paragraph labelled #1 on p. 3 of his letter states . . . "each eight week cycle" and the first paragraph on p. 4 says the figures are based "upon a full Phase 3 operation". At this time, we are unclear about the amount of traffic to be generated when fresh "litter" or "bedding" is transported to the facility. Also, a Mr. Bob Edson of Longmont Foods told Harold and Pearl Bohlender this facility is designed to be a "showplace" for Longmont Foods and they would be bringing in visitors from all over. Of course, such a use would only add to the traffic in the area. Please consider the following figures: Time Period Roundtrips One Way Weight Lbs. Delivery of Turkeys 14 days 6 12 30, 000 Feed Delivery @ 4 loads/week 8 weeks 32 64 70, 000 Removal of Poults 12 days 44 88 40, 000 ( 5(0p00i-3 , 200=15. 6 trucks ) Removal of Waste at end of 8-week cycle 9 18 40, 000 Employee trips @ 6 x 7 days 8 weeks 336 672 personal vehicle TOTAL 854 854 one-way trips/8 weeks/7 days=15.25 trips daily or 1 trip approximately every 90 minutes. Once again I have based these figures on a 3-phase operation but am not clear whether this is what Mr. Lind was implying as stated above. Since weights are mentioned in Mr. Lind ' s letter it should be noted that there are weight restricted bridges which the trucks may be passing over: Bridge #43-42 has a posted weight limit of 10 Ton and Bridge #42-1A is posted at Maximum 26 T. 6 Wheels. What roads will be used for this traffic? This, too, is unclear. . Mr. Lind ' s letter states, "the only access. . .is from the East off WCR 43. The only approaches to the farm are by use of WCR 43 from the North and WCR 38 and 43 from the South" we are not assured that all or most of this traffic will not go directly by our house located at 19923 WCR 43. Already from the fairly heavy traffic at times and large vehicles passing, we subjected to high volumes of dust created by the generally high speeds at which they pass . During heavy traffic times, this makes being out in the yard in nice weather unbearable and dangerous for 8(j4j151Jne persons such as Lelia and Marc Oster. LIND, LAWRENCE & OTTENHOFF AI IORNEYS AT LAW THE LAW BUILDING 1011 ELEVENTH AVENUE P.O.BOX 326 GREELEY.COLORADO 80632 ELEPHONE GEORGE H OTTENHOFF (303)353-2323 KENNETH E.L (303)356.9160 KIM R R.LAWRENCE NU TELECOPIER November 3 , 1989 (3031 356 1111 Weld County Department of Planning Services 915 Tenth Street -Greeley, CO 80631 Re: Longmont Foods U.S.R. Gentlemen: Attached to this letter is a USR application , supporting documents , map and USR application fee of $450 . 00. Additionally , you should consider this letter as part of the application which seeks approval of a Use by Special Review for a turkey brooding facility to be located on approximately 34 acres located in part of the Northeast Quarter of the Southeast Quarter of Section 33 , Township 4 North , Range 65 West of the 6th P . M . , Weld County , Colorado. Specifically , the property is legally described as Lot "A" of Recorded Exemption No . 1055-33-4-RE1086 according to the plat recorded on June 17 , 1988 in Book 1199 at Reception No . 2145193 . Along with this original application and documents we are submitting an additional 25 copies for referral use. The proposed use is for a turkey brooding facility. Said facility will brood and raise turkey poults from one day of age to six weeks of age . At six weeks of age the turkey poults will be removed from this facility and placed at finishing farms either owned or under contract with Longmont Foods for completion of feeding and growing . It is contemplated that all of the finishing farms either owned or under contract with Longmont Foods will be located at various locations in Weld County , some presently exist and some of which will be constructed in accordance with Weld County Zoning regulations . One finishing facility is located in Boulder County. Longmont Foods has a specific and definite need for this facility as it establishes a complete and integrated program of raising the young poults through completion of the finished turkeys . The purpose of this facility is to separate the young poults from older turkeys as by separating the poults from the older turkeys the risk of disease can be minimized and allows for a complete hatching to finished turkey production organization in Weld County . All of the poults to be brooded at this new 200180 Weld County Department of Planning Services November 3 , 1989 Page 2 facility will be for placement at finishing facilities either owned or under contract with Longmont Foods and thus will not be for commercial operations of sale to other entities . At the present time the property is zoned for agricultural uses and has been used for a livestock confinement operation ( feeding cattle ) , crop production , pasturing of cattle , cow/calf operations and egg production . The activity is located in a generally isolated area , is surrounded by ag operations including crop farming , a livestock embryo implant operation , cattle feeding and pasturing . Located upon site is one residential structure which will become the on-site manager residence . To the West and East there are no residences within one mile of the proposed facility. There is one residence 460 feet South of the property line and to the North there is another residence 6/ 10ths of a mile away. As previously stated , the facilities will not be for commercial operations but will be used exclusively by Longmont Foods . The opening of this brooding facility will allow Longmont Foods to provide for a vertical integration of the operation which will provide facilities for brooding at this location and to subsequently finish the turkeys at other locations . The entire operation takes place indoors and it is contemplated that there will be three phases of construction . Each phase consists of two brooding houses with two employees for each phase plus one on-site manager who will have managerial authority over all three phases. The operation will require only one shift which will be approximately 6 : 00 a . m . to 6 : 00 p . m . , an on-site resident manager will make night inspections and be available for any emergency needs . The operation will be on a continual 24 hour basis . -Phase 1 of the operation will use an existing domestic/stock water well which has historically been used for residential , domestic and stock watering purposes . Phase 1 use will require approximately 400 , 000 gallons of water per year ( 1 . 2 acre feet ) . Prior uses for said well consisted of stock watering of not less than 100 head of bred heifers and cows and for the watering of 500 laying hens for total water usage of not less than 1450 , 000 gallons of water per year ( 1 . 4 acre feet ) . Thus , the Phase 1 water usage will require significantly less amounts of water as compared to historical use . Phase 2 and 3 will require increased usage of water and the water for Phases 2 and 3 will be provided from an existing irrigation well for which an S00180 Weld County Department of Planning Services November 3 , 1989 Page 3 application for a change of use will be submitted prior to implementation of Phases 2 and 3 , or by acquiring a water tap from the Central Weld County Water District . This property is located within the Central Weld County Water District and the applicant has been informed that water taps are available if needed . The only access onto the farm is from the East off of Weld County Road 43 . The only approaches to the farm are by use of Weld County Road 43 from the North and Weld County Roads 38 and 43 from the South. Vehicular traffic will be quite minimal as the employees ( other than the resident manager ) will be coming onto the property from existing roads by use of personal automobiles or pick-up trucks. Additional vehicular traffic use is described as follows : ( 1 ) At the beginning of each eight week production cycle , day-old turkey poults will be delivered to the farm . The delivery will consist of six deliveries which take place over fourteen days . The deliveries will be made by using a temperature controlled poult delivery truck having a gross weight of 30 , 000 pounds . ( 2 ) Feed for the poults will be delivered to the farm by semi-truck and trailer . On the average four loads of feed per week will he delivered to the farm . The gross weight of the trucks will be 70 , 000 pounds . ( 3 ) At the end of each eight week production cycle , the young poults will be removed from the brooder facilities using a truck and trailer type unit able to haul 3 ,200 poults per trip . These trucks have a gross weight of 40 , 000 pounds and there will be four trips per day over a twelve-day period for a total of 44 trips . ( 4 ) Additionally , at the end of each production cycle 1 /3 of the six buildings will be cleaned out . This will involve the removal of approximately 180 tons of litter which is a mixture of turkey manure and wood shavings . The vehicles used for this operation will be 48 foot long dump trucks capable of hauling 20 tons per load . Thus , nine loads will be required at the end of each eight week production cycle when the facility is completely built out , being all three phases . s®®1eo Weld County Department of Planning Services November 3 , 1989 Page 4 The figures concerning vehicular traffic are based upon a full Phase 3 operation and the vehicular traffic is less for Phase 1 and Phase 2 operations . As the property has been historically used for egg production as well as livestock operations , the vehicular traffic for this operation will not exceed those uses . On -site septic tanks and leach fields will be used for sewage disposal for both the existing residence and toilet facilities constructed in any of the out-buildings for employees . As all of the structures will be new metal and concrete buildings , fire protection will be very minimal . Placed inside each building will be one fire extinguisher per 100 linear feet of building and additionally each building will have a 3/4 inch water tap. Each phase will have a maximum number of 50 , 000 turkey poults which are aged from one day to six weeks of age . Thus , upon completion of Phase 3 there will be a maximum of 150 , 000 turkey poults upon location . Waste from the operation will be litter which consists of wood shavings and turkey manure . There is an extremely high demand for the litter as both a soil improver and for use as fertilizer . Each phase will produce a maximum of 25 tons of litter per month and as there is a high demand for the litter the litter will be removed at the end of each production cycle for direct application to farm land . During crop growing season it may be necessary to store on-site 25 tons of litter per month per phase (approximately two 2i ton farm trucks loaded) . It is not contemplated that on-site storage will be needed for more than three months during the year due to the high demand for the product . If on-site storage takes place, the applicant will take all appropriate procedures necessary to control insect and rodent problems , as control of litter is especially important to this facility to make sure that sanitary conditions exist to avoid any contamination or disease problems for the young poults . It should be noted that storage of litter in the amounts as stated herein is significantly less than that created by the 100 head of livestock historically located upon the property, thus there is a reduction in the amount of waste as compared to historical waste storage and use upon the property. The applicant does not propose any storm water retention facilities as the enterprise is carried on indoors and there will 900180 Weld County Department of Planning Services November 3 , 1989 Page 5 be no change in drainage patterns . Additionally , this type of operation does not create , other than litter , any type of debris or junk . Any debris or junk resulting from construction of the facilities will be removed from the property. The applicant does not propose any type of landscaping or special erosion control except to keep the existing property in native grasses which will be maintained in a neat and orderly fashion . As all activities take place inside new structures , there will not be any type of visual pollution . No reclamation procedures are contemplated as the only surface interruption will be for construction of the brooding facilities . In the event there is an abandonment of the use it is contemplated that the area would remain in cattle pasture and crop production . This type of use will not damage or destroy in any manner the existing property and associated uses . Phase 1 is contemplated to be completed on or about March 15 , 1990 ; Phase 2 should be completed by September 15 , 1990 and Phase 3 has not been scheduled for completion at this time . This proposal and application is consistent with the Weld County Comprehensive as it is located in an area presently zoned agricultural and which is proposed to be agricultural in the future . The proposal is consistent with the intent of the ag district in which the use is located as the use is agricultural in nature , will provide a source of agricultural employment and a place for use of feed products produced and grown in Weld County. This vertical integration expansion of turkey production facilities in Weld County will significantly improve the economic diversity of Weld County and possibly allow for creation of new finishing facilities in Weld County. Construction of the buildings will only remove a small amount of land from agricultural production and the balance of the property will remain in existing use which is pasture and some minor crop production. The use is compatible with existing surrounding land uses which are all agricultural in nature at the present time . All surrounding contemplated uses are also agricultural in nature as there are no adjacent municipalities . As the use is indoors and is a brooding facility rather than a finishing facility noise , visual and odor problems do not 930180 -w USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW APPLICATION Department of Planning Services, 915 Tenth Street, Greeley, Colorado 80631 Phone - 356-4000 - Ext. 4400 Case Number Date Received h , 3 Y9 Application Checked by Mylar plat submitted Application Fee .}SO° Receipt Number c- c S Recording Fee /a"a Receipt Number 5,g- 50 4/6 3/ TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT: (please print or type, except for necessary signature) I (we) , the undersigned, hereby request a hearing before the Weld County Planning Commission and Weld County Board of County Commissioners concerning the proposed Use by Special Review Permit on the following described unincorporated area of Weld County, Colorado: Part of LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT AREA: NEa SE% Section 33 T 4 N, R 65 W LEGAL DESCRIPTION o panqguous property owned upon which Special Review Permit is proposed: NE1 SE% Section 33 T 4 N, R 65 W Property Address (if available) n/a PRESENT ZONE Aq OVERLAY ZONES None TOTAL ACREAGE 34 PROPOSED LAND USE turkey brooding facility & continued ag/crop farming & livestock EXISTING LAND USE crop production and livestock pasture. pas ure. SURFACE FEE (PROPERTY OWNERS) OF AREA PROPOSED FOR THE USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT: Name: Longmont Foods, a division of Conagra Poultry Co. Address: 14377 Mead Street City Longmont Zip 80501 Home Telephone # Business Telephone # 535-4496 Name: Address: City Zip Home Telephone # Business Telephone # APPLICANT OR AUTHORIZED AGENT (if different than above) : Name: Lind, Lawrence & Ottenhoff Address: loll Eleventh Avenue City Greeley Zip R0631 Home Telephone # Business Telephone 9 353-2323 List the owner(s) and/or lessees of mineral rights on or under the subject properties of record. (See Exhibit "A") Name: Address: City Zip Name: Address: City Zip I hereby depose and state under the penalties of perjury that all statements, proposals and/or plans submitted with or contained within the application are true and correct to the best of my knowledge. COUNTY OF WELD ) STATE OF COLORADO ) Sig ature: 0 xxr Authorized Agent Ken eth F. Lind #7792 Subscribed and sworn to before me this 2nd day of November 1989 . NO ARY PUB IC P70.702 My commission expires p /a02/g/ 900180 EXHIBIT "A" MINERAL OWNERS Union Pacific Railroad Company 302 South 36th Street Omaha, NE 68131 MINERAL LESSEES The Robert Gerrity Company 3200 Cherry Creek Drive South Suite 200 Denver , CO 80209 Tower Energy Corp. 11990 Grant Street Suite 218 Northglenn , CO 80233 900180 AFFIDAVIT OF INTEREST OWNERS MINERALS AND/OR SUBSURFACE Application No. _ Subject Property Part of the NE; SEn, Section 33, Township 4 North, Range 65 West, Weld County, Colorado. STATE OF COLORADO ) ss. COUNTY OF WELD THE UNDERSIGNED, being first duly sworn, states that to the best of his or her knowledge, the attached list is a true and accurate list of the names and addresses of all mineral owners and lessees of minerals on or under the parcel of land which is the subject of the application as their names appear upon the records in the Weld County Clerk and Recorder's Office, from an ownership update from a title or abstract compan y, ) or an attorney. 1.4-"jidej Kennet F. Lind #7792 The foregoing instrument was subscribed and sworn to before me this 2nd day of November , 19 89 , By Kenneth F. Lind. WITNESS my hand and official J seal. My Commission expires: 8laa/4 l Notary Pub c 960180 EXHIBIT "A" MINERAL OWNERS Union Pacific Railroad Company 302 South 36th Street Omaha , NE 68131 MINERAL LESSEES The Robert Gerrity Company 3200 Cherry Creek Drive South Suite 200 Denver, CO 80209 Tower Energy Corp. 11990 Grant Street Suite 218 Northglenn , CO 80233 9C0180 AFFIDAVIT OF INTEREST OWNERS SURFACE ESTATE Application No. Subject Property Part of the NEa SEa, Section 33, Township 4 North, Range 65 West, Weld County, Colorado. SATE OF COLORADO ) ) ss. COUNTY OF WELD ) THE UNDERSIGNED, being first duly sworn, states that to the best of his or her knowledge, the attached list is a true and accurate list of the names, addresses, and the corresponding Parcel Identification Number assigned by the Weld County Assessor of the owners of property (the surface estate) within 500 feet of the property which is the subject of the application. This list was compiled from the records of the Weld County Assessor, an ownership update from a title or abstract company, derived from such records, or from the records of the Weld County Clerk and Recorder. The list compiled from the records of the Weld County Assessor shall have been assembled within 30 days of the applicat bmission da Ken th F. Lin #7 2 r The foregoing instrument was subscribed and sworn to before me this 2nd day November , 19 89 , by Kenneth F. Lind. WITNESS my hand and official seal. My Commission expires: $/2.2[V 4 Notary Pu lic 94®* ^0 NAMES OF OWNERS OF PROPERTY WITHIN 500 FEET Please print or type ADDRESS, TOWN/CITY, ASSESSOR'S PARCEL NAME STATE AND ZIP CODE IDENTIFICATION # Aristocrat Angus Ranch 9053 WCR 34 105534000007 _. Platteville, CO 80651 Robert L. Andersen and 15370 Telluride Street 105533000085 Patricia A. Andersen Brighton, CO 80601 Harold Bohlender and 18975 WCR 43 105533000003 Pearl Bohlender LaSalle, CO 80645 Vernon L. Moser 18844 WCR 43 105534000011 LaSalle, CO 80645 Evans No. 2 Ditch (No parcel number) c/o Thomas A. Houtchens 1007 9th Avenue Ditch Easement) Greeley, CO 80631 900180 .--e------ �O ii JJ7 The printed portions of this form approved by the! Colorado Real Estate Commission(SC 25.2.81) THIS IS A LEGAL INSTRUMENT.IF NOT UNDERSTOOD,LEGAL,TAX OR OTHER COUNSEL SHOULD BE CONSULTED BEFORE SIGNING. FARM AND RANCH CONTRACT TO BUY AND SELL REAL ESTATE (Remedies Include Specific Performance) 7T _to be deposited and held October / L' 9 September 26 1989 I. The undersigned agent hereby acknowledges having received from LONGMONT FOODS . a Div. of Conagra Poultry Co. a Deleware Corp. the sum of $5,000. 00 ,in the form of a check b rokeru in broker's escrow or trustee account, to be held by Howard Bixler, Pioneer Real Estate as earnest money and part payment for the following described real estate in the County of Weld .Colorado.to wit. D"• a T �Y �— �F r' ' '�,— '> or a n---E Fat legal -des e 1p. ion--E;-Ila-1� 4e h as e t t A at She- iTaa ner together with all easements and rights of way appurtenant thereto,all improvements thereon and all fixtures of a permanent nature currently on the premises except as hereinafter provided.,n their present condition•ordinary wear and tear excepted,and hereinafter called the Property. 2. Theundersigned peraonDO Pc Vire Prp cidenS ( I.hereinafter called Purchaser,a ��nlm�n}- FnnAn called Seller,hereby agrees to sell the Property grass lob the Property,and [he undersigned ownerlsl, hereinafter P y u�p�o,�nn,��the terms and conditions stated herein. 2 .6 O-.00 /J�UCJ0_t 3. The purchase price shall be U.S.3 : as _ 5,000. 00 balance in cashiers funds at clospayableing.fon„wa. hereby receipted for; Approximately 35 acres located in NE quarter of the SE quarter of Section 33, T4N, R65W, 6th p.m., as described in exemption therefor already approved by Weld County, and as roughly shown on Exhibit A. 4. Price to include the following personal property:none. to be conveyed by bill of sale at time of closing in their present condition,tree and clear of all personal property taxes•liens and encumbrances,except: none and except any personal property liens in any encumbrance specified in paragraph 12.The following fixtures of a permanent nature are excluded from this sale: none. Ss No other water is included. 5. Price to include the following water ighta: Irrigation well permit X4565 - adjudication 1W310. Also included a d stir well which ma not be registered, .fir 3 c and livectoek documents and furnish all information and documents required by the lender•and le) H. .e✓ N/Acustomary costs of obtaining such loan.T n,,,.loan pay the is not approved on or before .19__,or if so approved void andallpaymentsand things of value received hereunder shall be returnedto Purchaser.available at time of cloai alf contract shall be null and 7. If a note and trust deed or mortgage is to be assumed.Purchaser agrees y for a loan assumption if required and agrees to pay I U e lean transfer fee not to exceed$ be assumed has provisions for,shared equity or v an interest rate not to exceed and consenting to such provisions.If t interest rates or variable payments,this contract is conditioned upon Purchaser ree iewing r s consent to a loan assumption is required,this contract is conditioned upon obtaining such consent without change in the terms ttions of such loan except as herein provided. 8. If to be made payable to Seller as partial or full payment of the purchase price. this contract shall not be assignable by Purchaser 9. Cost ofany appraisal for loan purpose,to be obtained after this date shall be paid by Purchaser ' lo. AE3030Oa1E7 -,SCglSNDDX}63G'74}C3E}G7Ed'E1b��sx,xrr..,��'�� +.ao Purc current commitment for title insurance policy in an amount equal to the purchase price,st Seller's l^•i-^ •-+ expense•shall be furnished to Purch saer on or before n 1 q .0.•„••- ;I-collar ~ �L.r...^..s.--;A�o.-1----...........—:.....at Seller will deliver the title insurance policyto Purchaser after closing re II. The date of closing shall be the date for delivery of deed a provided in paragraph 12.The hour and place of closing shall be as designated by Pioneer Real Estate g°^alp°Y the premium thereon. p12. Title shall be merchantable in Seller,except a*stated in this paragraph and in paagrapha 15 and 14.Subject to➢ayment or tender as above provided and compliance by Purchaser wi enerd ? /her terms •and provisions hereof. Seller shall axe sate and deliver i_warranty deed to P c a IC -1.1C .�{tb Cr 1S py�CJJS11 good and sufficient ^ILp�11^1y conveying the Property free and den of alit '19 •er �mutual agreement,at an earlier date, 1111 %- s,except the general taxes for the year of closing,and except free and clear of MI lien.for epe<I al improvement•installed as of the date of Purchaser's sign aturehereon,whether assessed or not;free and clear of all brances . 'I fifteen days after Seller's ---. execution hereof No.SC 25/$•2-81. CONTRACT TO BUY AND SELL REAL ESTATE(Penn and Ranch) 5.84 • Bradford Publishing,5825 W.6th Ave.Lakewood.CO 80214—(303)2.33-6900 9f. .tJ ' . 180 addition, the deed all t) In a❑ � . t fur the 0,2:-. f ft c_ . the property lying south of the Property for use of headgate and ditch for Evans #2 Ditch and for reasor `le access for maintenance and use there except the following restrictive covenants whlen do not contain a right of reverter:nO covenants • easements: those andexeeptthefollowingtp-.lrtv,r da4X$xxpxxxxxxx. x those of record andishown on the attached Sketch Plan, . Alltare subject to approval and acceptance by Purchaser prior to closing, easements or, 1f earlier, witEln fifteen days alter Purchaser's Purchaser shall have no other remedies — receipt of title commitment and urve for existing title defects. and subject to building and zoning regulations. 13. Except as stated in paragraph.12 and 14,If title Is not merchantable and written notice of defectisl is given by Purchaser or Purchaser's agent to Seller or Seller's agent on or before date of clal ng..Seller shall use reasonable effort to correct said de fettle)prior to date of closing.If Seiler is unable to correct said defectisl on or before date of closing,at Seller's option and upon written notice to Purchaser or Purchaser's agent on or before date of closing,the date of closing shall be extended thirty days for the purpose of correcting said defectisl.Except an stated in paragraph 14.1f title is not rendered merchantable its provided in this paragraph 13.at Purchaser's option.this contract shall be void and of no effect and each party hereto shall be released from all obligations hereunder and all payments and things of value received hereunder shall be returned to Purchaser.I 14. Any encumbrance required to be paid may be paid at the time of settlement from the proceeds of this transaction or from any other source. FFwiled r .-. . .t- ayJ!•ha ,J _ .. a JI A-knIA anA of un-,(a a r > .• c •M-..,A na..y A-e��.,.AJI W rJ-_..A r...,••_n obi 6 a (Vr-••n.l.r.A.11 l,-ral„rn-A,n p„.�A..-e t rl ^A- � 11� y . d.1' gr. r .. IS. General tats for the year of closing,hued on the most recent levy and the most recent assessment.prepaid rents.water rents.sewer rent., FIIA mortgage insurance premiums and Interest on encumbrances,if any,and emaining shall be apportioned to date of delivery ofdeed.Purchaser shall he responsible for y and use tax that may accrue s f this.transaction. Id. With respect to the growing crops Seller and Purchaser agree as follows: growing crosshall" tie the property Growing of Purchaser at closing. , All crops ,shall be removed from the property prior to, , 1989, may y e er closing. 1y. P' Ion of the Property shall be delivered to Purchaser on date of delivery of deed subject to the following I or tenancies: none at the current level and shall accept the Property subject to such damage. If Seller fails to deliver possess ion on the date herein specified, Seller shall be subject to eviction and shall be Ha ble for a daily rental of $100. 00 until possession is delivered. IS. The risk of loss from any damage to the Improvements by fire or other u,ualty prior to the date of closing shall be on Seller:provided,however. that if Seller shall maintain Insurance on said im provements1.o -.in,, r. si t..0 '. ,' - A and If Purchaser elects to carry out this contract despite such damage.Purchaser shall be entitled to all such insurance proceeds,The risk of loss for any damage to growing crops,by fire or other casualty,shall be borne by the party entitled to said crops as provided In paragraph 18,and such party shall be entitled to the insurance proceeds.if any. IS. Time is of the essence hereof. If any note or check received as earnest money hereunder or any other payment due hereunder is not paid. honored or tendered when due,or If any other obligation hereunder is not per formed its herein provided d he re s hall b t win (al IF SELLER IS IN DEFAULT.())Purchaser may elect to treat this contract as ter minated,in which case all payments and things of value received hereunder shall be returned to Purchaser and Purchaser may recover such damages as may be proper.or(2)Purchaser may elect to treat this contract as being in full force and effect and Purchaser shall have the right to an action for specific performance or damages.or both. (bl IF PURCHASER IS IN DEFAULT,II)Seller may elect to treat this contract as terminated,in which case all payments and things of value received hereunder shall be forfeited and retained on behalf of Seller and Seller may recover such damages as may be proper,or 121 Seller may elect to treat this contract as being In full force and effect and Seller shall have the right to an action for specific performance or damages.or both. (cl Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding.in the event of any litigation arising out of this contract,the court may award to the • prevailing party all reasonable costa and expense.including attorneys'fees. 20. Purchaser and Seller agree that, In the event of any controversy regarding the earnest money held by broker, unless mutual written Instruction is received by broker,broker shall not be required to take any action but may aw alt any proceeding,or at broker's option and discretion, may lnterplead any moneys or th'ggs of val ue.I nio con tt and may recover`ou rt costs and reasonable attorneys'fees. 21. Additional provisions: Jee addendum attached hereto and made a part hereof by this reference. and such failure to perform shall contin uncured for five days after notice thereof is given to defaulting party, LONGMONT FOODS, a division of Conagra Poultry Co. By 22. If this proposal is accepted by Seller In writing and Purchaser receives notice of such acceptance on or before 18_,this Instrument,hall become a contract between Seller and Pu rch uer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,successors and assigns of • such parties.except as stated in paragraph 8. ///f _, r r_• Broke , , RSEY dba Sunbelt Also Purchaser • Date _ ti y/ / /\ Purchaser 1. Date Purchaser'sAddress 149 Kimbark, Longmont, CO 805 • (The following section to be completed by Seller and Listing Agent) 23. Seller accept.the above proposal this / 2.. day of October ,1889,and agrees to pay a commission of ' IS , ., , - f ,- .ARISTOCRAT US CH By Seller Seller Ben R. Houston, Sellers Address general partner Listing Broker's Name and Address Pioneer Real Estate to Pioneer Real Estate in accordance with existing listing agreement. J 40180 . wr • J 0 � • `E .',!,, 'Y'. 1/'I-4<ratcdpfn 'rhe Eas+ 34ar.° .:.%-‘,�K•e.' . 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"7� 'tsV! 1 'kJ ,•'4,./t1/4.3:1,1! .e ,✓1`, •. i . i Pro d ,13Ai !{!: ► cetd^�, W /� ilfingr 7 .+.�.Eac1•.�C•I fl ••••Actt'SS�-✓� �i'r' } 1;(:^J�: Access x w;y Cu5tir5 ,��,,,�� U N 3O Ac ess 1 % Ho„ ■ •(GO Ra_W.) we.t..o Co11N-r{ ROAD 43 tast y4 �1_ufl�niarli"" ,ti.,_.... _ . T1T tit- e vawe•u•a♦se..Irm LTO. e i.•YiN,.•C..r•tn,w.-.w, CLIE�---�F`�-Lll.�s_'1_L'_4oiP- 5c cr u P •v".T.• ;+;•� ' ,•:n;: BEESE DRAW C • 2300 west Eisent.owir 111.4 1-F. Go. Lcre,ond, CO 60S3T - SCAL s 4! CdTE, PRW.HQ. C,1 k 1 r 13J31 66) 6286 •40d APR)L 19� ADDENDUM TO FARM AND RANCH CONTRACT TO BUY AND SELL REAL ESTATE DATED ([212k- 0- 1989 BY AND BETWEEN LONGMONT FOODS, A DIVISION OF CONAGRA POULTRY COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, PURCHASER AND BEEBE DRAW CATTLE CO. , SELLER LEGAL DESCRIPTION AND SURVEY A legal description defining the perimeter of the property to be conveyed is attached hereto and made a part hereof by this reference as exhibit A. Prior to closing, Seller shall provide and pay for, a pin survey of subject parcel showing the land to be conveyed together with all easements, encroachments and rights of way affecting subject property. MINERAL RIGHTS All mineral rights, rights to oil t gas, hydrocarbons, sand and )gravel including leases thereto, appurtenant to the property )} which are now owned by Seller shall be transferred to Purchaser. 1 COMMISSION __ -- James E. Dorsey is to receive a commission from the Purchaser at closing. Purchaser and Seller acknowledge that they have received timely notice that James E . Dorsey is employed by Purchaser and owes a fiduciary responsibility to Purchaser. CONTINGENCIES AND CONDITIONS As a condition of this agreement, Purchaser shall negotiate with Tower/Energy Co. regarding sin g serving the property with natural gas from the plan located near subject property. This agreement is specifically contingent upon Purchaser obtaining within 30 days after acceptance of this contract by Seller, an agreement, satisfactory to Purchaser at it's sole discretion, to obtain such service from Tower Energy. As a condition of ,this agreement Purchaser will undertake within 5 days after a gas''.. service arrangement is made with Tower Energy, to obtain the necessary approvals for construction and operation of turkey brooding houses on the property from Weld County Commissioners. This agreement is contingent upon the Purchaser obtaining the necessary permits to construct such buildings and conduct such business within 90 days after acceptance of this agreement by Seller. V 900180 If the second well described in Paragraph 5 is not now registered, as a condition of this Agreement Seller agrees to apply to the State of Colorado for registration of the well for use as a domestic and livestock well . Said well shall be registered to provide a minimum of 15 gallons per minute available for such use. This contract is contingent on the above registration being approved prior to closing herein. In the event any of the foregoing contingencies are not satisfied or waived by Purchaser, within the time provided above , at Purchaser's option, then this agreement shall become null and void and all earnest money and other things of value given herein shall be returned to Purchaser. 28 . Lease. At Seller's option, Purchaser shall lease back to Seller, on a year-to-year basis, for up to five years, all parts of the property the Purchaser is not using for its turkey raising operation. Provided, however, Purchaser shall have no obligation to lease to Seller any water rights. Seller may use such parts of the property under the lease only for hay, grazing and related operations. Rental under this lease shall be $1. 00 per year. Seller shall not have the right to assign or sublease this right under the option. Seller shall exercise its option no later than September 1 of each year after the year of closing. 29 . Right of Inspection. Purchaser's obligations shall be contingent upon inspection and acceptance of the house and permanent improvements situated on the property. Accepted. SELLER: PURCHASER: 900180 WRJ-25•7S COLORADO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES rYPE OR 818 Centennial Bldg., 1313 Sherman St. PRINT IN BLACK INK COPY OF ACCEPTED Denver, Colorado 80203 STATEMENT MAILED ON REDDEST. STATE OF COLORADO AFFIDAVIT 55 COUNTY OF Weld xx STATEMENT OF BENEFICIAL USE OF GROUND WATER AMENDMENT OF EXISTING RECORD xx LATE REGISTRATION PERMIT NUMBER (none) LOCATION OF WELL THE AFFIANT(S) Aristocrat Angus Ranch county . Weld whose mailing address is 9053 WCR 34 NE y of the SE _ h, sectio„ 33 City Platteville CO 80651 Twe 4 N Reg 65 W 6th PM , — �..�rrl 1!1'1 iN Oa 5' IE 4 J.I being duly sworn upon oath, deposes and says that he (they) is (are) the owner(s) of the well described hereon, the well is located as described above, at distances of 2,600 feet from the South section line and 100 feet from the East section line; water from this well was first applied to a beneficial use for the purpose(s) described herein on the lat day of August 19 18 , the maximum sustained pumping rate of the well is 17 gallons per minute, the pumping rate claimed hereby is - 17 gallons per minute; the total depth of the well is 50 feet; the average annual amount of water to be diverted is 2.5 acre-feet; for which claim is hereby made for domestic, yard irrigation and of cattle stock watering of 100 head / purpose(s); the legal description of the land on which the water from this well is used is NE1 of SE' — 33-4N-65 West 6th P.M. of which acres are irrigated and which is illustrated on the map on the reverse side of this form; that this well was completed in compliance with the permit approved therefor; this statement of beneficial use of ground water is filed in compliance with law; he (they) has (have) read the statements made hereon; knows the content thereof; and that the same are true of his (their) knowledge. y (COMPLETE REVERSE SIDE OF THIS FORM) • Signature(s) .Jq1' aAl 11,I��A (ELL Subscribed and sworn FOR OFFICE USE ONLY to before me on this 2nd day of November , 1989 Court Case No F1.2.2/9/ My Commission expires: o I.2.2/7/]/ Prio. Mo. Day Y. ..C Cry. ACCEPTED FOR FILING BY THE STATE ENGINEER COLORADO -PURSUANT-TO THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: A - A — a. Well Use - a..°180 .— pelF sT nr5 E:NSwEE R he 06 t CCC 7 rE rt . o� _ r i r eri1i '`t l+' K ' ,�yc�". 'ri�')p " a4+ °� 4' rn } en Y , ;• m rl +I �; l } ,r r J'r � ."�"a r ,. t n r k S Y IP'\s �.. Yy `�A n • �y�/�i'Y yjA � ^ F�,/V", m^ �\e'":L *r�ti•`T rt.T1N.r it MS �L. F It S? vt 4,:i �1 1O �rr 1fr1� J It ,, IPp r r Fi,91 N h.n r td T$1 ':n ay r nr' r .. M,A�o 1n°d N e o „+ • M +1 ..•L N I �;t r i g ^ 4q � ti 4 r o y ,yrr. t1 , n r`r PAm a r e IDr f Y , r , ,y cccrwtcr-r^irtric‘motATIrr'I, r� o rm lr 1— z"r't"rki 3ytt\7 pr o.:. Y a mra ' t AI '' t rte \ r.%h O ..�, Y e N ) LI' ` hwt J ��.� • n•1' 'N x - M r I f ..1! v, ' 'NW P ^tTE'.. y vr\LLE,r... ..y T P + V o_ATCV n a.3f` .m 1 Ln f3 o + F N ''y}vx' 'i Ni O ... T +, m N. o N. ^ O y a +01;4 t k�6+ IF f . N o� . in en li O 3 R e4 F '• ly ° a + ... q ,a f it 'N. no N c" m iN." r 4 ''ph n i41:40 k. a w yy, �•. ) 'D414 Ft• Cx rdi 1 * 91.4 .44s't m >r Lf i,1i k•.•44,;."r , - (1°1) ‘. . �! Fr, t� 11' yL sz. o +,4 _ ✓aV : a sN. m u oro • N. F • o ^ P K' °6'kTyjfR , O O T ' i '� n N. o c: N O t,. 0 A` ^ N et N — M c I LD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTIIERN PART 25 can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is drilling on the contour minimize runoff and soil losses. moderate. The water table is usually about 24 to 36 inches Seeding early in spring has proven most successful, below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard is low. well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland. vegetation should be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the salts accumulation. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The forage produced. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass, slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produc- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, deteriorates, the switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt- This soil has good potential for urban and recreational grass, blue grama, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in- development. Increased population growth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The range condition becomes poorer. chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. community sewage systems should be provided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western population density increases. Because of the permeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter- of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of IVe irrigated, Vle nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum 35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass 1Vw irrigated, Vlw nonirriated; to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site. sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes. about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This moderately sloping to strongly sloping map unit is on slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills and ridges at elevations of 5,050 to 5,250 feet. of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway soil makes up about 50 percent of the unit, and Valent sand. and the Shingle soil about 35 percent. About 15 percent is The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loam and Tassel fine sandy loam. The Mid- sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs from the Shingle soil in having more than grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the underlying material. The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brown clay about 7 inches thick. The loam. underlying material is light brownish gray clay about 6 Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey shale is about 13 moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches. spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is slow. Available water caF.eity is low. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Surface ru- The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate to high. formed in stratified sandy alluvium. Typically the surface The Shingle soil also is shallow and well drained and layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick. brown and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underlying material is light yellowish brown clay sand, loam about 12 inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey §C0180 30 SOIL SURVEY Permeability is moderately slow. Available water In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of low. the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- irrigating crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or and cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprin- close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of kler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in minimum and utilizing crop residue help to control ero- irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- sion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond to tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- barley, and sorghum. Most of the the acreage is planted trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. bushels per acre. The soil is usually summer fallowed in In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. The potential native vegetation on this range site is Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue lage are needed to control soil blowing. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by col- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, may be needed at the time of planting and during dry and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival the site as range condition becomes poorer. are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pine, Siberian ehn, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- shlubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- an peashrub. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Wildlife Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats is an important secondary use of this soil. Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested game wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected species can be attracted by establishing areas for should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be cover is essential and should be included in plans drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. spring has proven most successful. Few areas of this Nunn soil are in major growth and Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally urbanized centers. The sandy surface layer, the moderate suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in shrink-swell potential in the subsoil, and the hazard of establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- rare flooding along Box Elder Creek are the chief limit- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of ing features for development. Capability subclass IIle ir- vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation rigated, IVe nonirrigated. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a Periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Included in mapping are some small leveled areas. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand an peashrub. about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The very pale brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low, land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be 900180 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 31 attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- managing livestock grazing and reseeding where needed. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of This soil has good potential for urban development. The vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability may be needed at the time of planting and during dry in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa face layer is a limitation for recreational development. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub. Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The 45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Included be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- and shale within a depth of 60 inches and some small tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- leveled areas. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yel- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, lowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam about managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is This soil has good potential for urban development. The very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability Permeability and available water capacity are in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard if face layer is a limitation for recreational development. low. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- Capability subclass IIle irrigated, VI nonirrigated; Sandy monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or Plains range site. close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. the time. Close grown crops and pasture can be irrigated This is a deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at eleva- with contour ditches and corrugations. Furrows, contour tions of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- have a dark surface layer and some small leveled areas. lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish trol erosion. Maintaining fertility and organic matter con- brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil tent is important. Crops respond to barnyard manure and is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam commercial fertilizer. about 15 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 The potential native vegetation on this range site is inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability and available water capacity are grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 the site as range condition becomes poorer. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tices are needed to maintain top yields. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in be seeded into clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of spring has proven most successful. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally may be needed at the time of planting and during dry suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival C.24 SO 32 SOIL SURVEY are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of 47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil. followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass lie irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site. barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, SO inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or 9(;0180 ELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PAL. 45 range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Paten- sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suits- becomes poorer. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range. between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible. ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub, geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs, attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. Vie nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. This soil has fair potential for urban development. The ?1—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges, and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per- lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu- shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes. 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand. depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low. depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light low. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam. 300180 OSToos P 1p4 454 333 LONGMONT FOODS 0/0 KENNETH LIND 1011 ELEVENTH AVENUE GREELEY, CO 80631 1 ml a.-/a0 i gq ofinenth • ode- I/1O/9!� {�,�-o t ,.5 o *SEND : Complete Items 1 and 2 when additional services are desired, and complete Items 3 end 4. Put your address in the"RETURN TO" Space on the reverse side. Failure to do this will prevent this card from being returned to you. The return receipt fee will provide you the name of the person gellvered to and the date of delivery. For additional fees the following services are available. Consult postmaster for fees end check box(es)for additional service(s) requested. 1. 0 Show to whom ldeexrrad,date, Iand addressee's address. 2. 0 f(Extra charge 3. Article Addressed to: 4. Article Number ''/$c' -sie LONGMONT FOODS Type of Service: ❑ Registered O Insured C/0 KENNETH LIND Ca Certified ❑ COD 1011 ELEVENTH AVENUE O Express Mail GREELEY, CO 80631 Always obtain signature of addressee or agent end DATE DELIVERED. 5. Signature—Addressee 8. Addressee's Address(ONLY if requested and fee paid) X 6. rture-(gent x l d-{m c 14 7. Date of Deli �// ..ppV t t 1 PS Form 3811, Max. 1987 *U.S.G.P.O.1987-178-268 DOMESTIC RETURN RECEIPT mEmoRAnDum W I e Weld County Planning November 22, 1989 To Date Environmental Protection Services COLORADO From r-1 Case Number: USR-898 Name, n a. Subject: NOV 3 O 1989 — Weld Co. Planning Commission Environmental Protection Services has reviewed this proposal and recommends for approval, subject to the following conditions: 1. The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that facilitates excessive odors, flies, or insect pests, or pollutant runoff. The manure storage site shall have a water-tight surface which does not permit seepage or percolation of manure pollutants into the ground. 2. Waste oil, treatments, spent drug containers, anti-freeze, and other associated liquid and solid wastes, shall be stored and removed for final disposal in a manner that protects against surface and groundwater contamination. 3. No permanent disposal of wastes shall be permitted at this site. 4. An ISDS Evaluation on all existing septic systems will be necessary prior to issuing the required septic permits on the existing systems. 5. Wood shavings, saw dust, and waste materials shall be handled, stored, and disposed in a manner that controls fugitive dust, blowing debris, and other potential nuisance conditions. 6. Fugitive dust must be confined on this site. 7 . The facility shall be operated in a manner which protects against vector borne pathogens being transported off-site. Manure shall be stored in a vector-proof building or removed from the site when cleaned out of the buildings to avoid dust borne pathogens . 8. No one-site disposal of dead animals shall be permitted at any time. 9. An individual sewage disposal system, or a vault, is required for the proposed facility and shall be installed according to the Weld County Individual Sewage Disposal Regulations. 9OO18O i DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES Off PHONE(303)356-4000,EXT.4400 I‘11 ll 91510th STREET GREELEY,COLORADO 80631 WI O • CASE NUMBER USR-898 COLORADO November 8, 1989 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Enclosed is an application for a Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit from Longmont Foods for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district. The parcel of land is described as part of the NE$ SE} of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M., Weld County, Colorado. The location of the parcel of land for which this application has been submitted is west of Weld County Road 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38. This application is submitted to you for review and recommendation. Any comments or recommendation you consider relevant to this request would be appreciated. Your prompt reply will help to facilitate the processing of the application and will ensure prompt consideration of your recommendation. Please reply by November 22, 1989, so that we may give full consideration to your recommendation. Please call Lanell J. Curry, Current Planner, if you have any questions about the application. Check the appropriate boxes below and return to our address listed above. 1. We have reviewed this request and find that it does/does not) comply with our Comprehensive Plan for the following reasons. 2. We do not have a Comprehensive Plan, but we feel this request (is/is not) compatible with the interests of our town for the following reasons: 3. We have reviewed the request and find no conflicts with our interests. 4.- A formal recommendation is under consideration and will be submitted to you prior to: 5. Please refer to the enclosed letter. Signed: Agency: Date: PLANNING CMIISSICN SIGN POSTING CERTIFICATE I HEREBY CERTIFY UNDER THE PENALTIES CF PERJURY THAT THE SIGN PROVIDED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES WAS POSTED ON THE PROPERTY AT LEAST 10 DAYS BEFORE THE PLANNING SIGPIWASION POSTEDKIIYG F5! l"I � dh r SE USR— 878 . �r G on Frey Si to on A/OVentker 19, 1?8 E f3 1e5G, NAME F PERSON °STING SIGN TUBE 0 APP CANT STATE OF COLORADO ) COUNTY OF WELD SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME THIS 5 1 DAY OF l 19 C<'9 SEAL NOTARY PUB C MY COMMISSION EXPIRES let /q LAST DAY TO POST SIGN IS: NOV V ac _ 19 Alas , CorTei 0/G BOARD OF COUNTY -GONN4S ZC 1ERS cIGN POSTING CERTIFICATE I HEREBY CERTIFY UNDER THE PENALTIES CF PERJURY THAT THE SIGN PROVIDED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES WAS POSTED ON THE PROPERTY AT LEAST 10 DAYS BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONER'S HEARING FOR CASE # THE SIGN WAS POSTED BY: I aC l{y, O� t' enj Feb IC) l ! Gv O4 Put« Nor, e' irrfit Bo NAME OF PERSON POSTINCSIGN SIGNA OF APP STATE OF COLORADO ) COUNTY OF WELD SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME THIS .2/Sf DAY OF ICT LA0QAL/ 19 g o . (/{ SEAL NOTARY PCB-1-4:114 NOTARY COMMISSION EXPIRES n a /g / LAST DAY TO POST SIGN IS: / Aj 1 // q�19 (U FEBr6iric>i. C\07 2 J 19Sg kid Co- Claiming tbl6hliSSitz I'/77d itii'[4711 r717iIBll� . a!MYA Warns- oar � flr -te - _--- �« Testimony for Longmont Foods Hearing GREELEY/WELD The Greeley/Weld Economic Development Action Partnership (EDAP) has had the privilege of working with Longmont Foods on several projects here in Weld County. This firm continues to be one of Weld's primary employers, employing some 450 individuals here in Weld County and another 850 individuals at their Longmont Food Processing plant (many of whom are residents of Weld County). Here in Weld county, the company operates 17 growing operations for their rapidly expanding poultry operations. In addition, EDAP assisted the company in locating their new $4 million dollar feed mill adjacent to Hwy 85 in Platteville. That facility is approaching completion, and was recently visited by Governor Romer as part of his tour of economic development projects in Weld County. The future of the turkey meat business is strong. The popularity of the products produced by Longmont Foods grows at a rapid rate and they have a need for further expansion. It is in that regard that EDAP encourages the County Commissioners to assist the company in making further expansions possible. At this stage, they very much need to expand their growing operations in order to meet the significant demand for their products. By doing so they will invest many additional dollars in Weld County, adding to the tax base and creating the opportunity for further employment. •I,N ((OH MTh D ra1rJonuc urvrlurnunl P.O.NunC e Ilw I "666666 "� (I n 1clry,Colorado fIUG 42 alt /l5,,_I;r,, Y�®gRD I,n Our experience with the company has all been positive. They are a responsible firm and will conduct their operations in a safe, sanitary and efficient manner. They will comply with all regulations imposed upon them by the various regulatory entities of the several levels of Government. EDAP would urge the Commissioners to look favorably upon Longmont Foods' request for special use permits as they expand their operation in Weld County. It is in the economic best interests of the citizens of the County that they be allowed to expand. Respectfully, Greeley Weld Economic Development Action Partnership (EDAP) by: James M. Kadlecek Executive Director 900180 y LIND, LAWRENCE & OTTENI-IOFR AI IURNEYS AT LAW THE LAW BUILDING IOU ELEVENTH AVENUE P.O.BOX 326 `. GREELEY,COLORADO 80612 GEORGE H.OTTENIIOFE KENNETH F.LIND TELEPHONE KIM R.LAWRENCE UOl{35)2323 13033 1569160 February 7, 1990 TELECOPIER 033331561111 Drew Scheltinga, County Engineer Greeley, CO 80631 Re: Longmont Foods Turkey Facility (USR-898 ) Class D Non-Irrigation Contract Dear Drew: Enclosed please find a copy of our application letter dated November 3, 1989 and the pertinent road information as outlined on Pages 3 and 4 . Also attached is a copy of vehicle calculations . One major change from the letter is the fact that Longmont Foods has decided to reduce the operation from three phases ( 150 ,000 poults ) down to two phases ( 100 ,000 poults ) . The enclosed traffic calculation sheet is based upon both completion of phase 1 and phase 2 or 100 , 000 turkey poults , The 100 , 000 turkey poults will require Eour buildings each holding 25 , 000 poults. Please note that two buildings constitute each phase and each phase is a total of 50,000 poults . The vehicle calculation sheet is based upon completion of phase 1 and phase 2 for 100 , 000 poults and six eight-week cycles can be completed during a year. Thus , the estimated 384 personal vehicle trips result in 2 , 304 personal vehicle trips in a year ( 384 x 6 ) . This averages out to 6.743 personal vehicle trips per day ( 2 , 304 t 365 ) . As to the "heavy" vehicles , those total 134 trips per eight-week cycle or 804 trips per year ( 134 x 6 ) . This equates to 2 . 2 -heavy -vehicle trips per day over one year ( 804 t 365 ) . Please note that for all calculations these are calculated as one trip is one way, in other words , for a person driving to work and then leaving work that is two trips. As to weights of the vehicles , we presume that the personal vehicles will be standard pickup trucks and cars ; the poult delivery trucks have a gross weight of fifteen tons; the feed delivery trucks gross at thirty tons ; the shavings delivery trucks have a gross weight of twenty tons; litter removal trucks have a gross weight of twenty five tons and the poult removal trucks have a gross weight of twenty tons _pertruck . The heaviest trucks ( feed delivery at thirty ton per truck) result in 192 trips per year but I would point out that the truck will only weigh thirty ton for half of those trips as the other half of the trips are empty weight as the feed is being delivered. The same is true for poult delivery, shavings delivery, litter removal and poult removal as the truck will arrive empty for litter removal 2C31SO / Drew Scheltinga February 7, 1990 Page 2 ' and poult removal and only reach its full weight when it leaves the facility. The opposite is true for poult delivery and shavings delivery. Some of the comments that were raised at the Planning Commission were this is a significant increase in the road traffic in the area which will cause excessive dust to settle on homes, livestock and crops and that the excessively heavy trucks will cause the roads to deteriorate and create washboard effects; that the roads in this area are so poor that they cannot bear any increase whatsoever in traffic whether it is employee vehicles (pickup trucks and cars ) or the "heavy" vehicles used for this operation. Additionally, the historical use of this property was a cow-calf operation and heifer or steer "warming" operation . The cow-calf operation had an average of 100 head of cows and heifers on the property for about nine months out of the year and the " warming" operation had as many as 250 feeder calves on the property for up to four months. All of the livestock was brought in to the farm and removed from the farm by livestock trailers and, naturally, feed was also brought in. General agricultural operations also took place upon the farm as related to irrigating and harvesting of crops . The main crop was alfalfa. The present operation will be turned into mainly cover crop with no intensive agricultural operations other than the turkey poults . As far as road travel routes, County Roads 39 and 44 (both paved) will be used along with gravel roads 38 , 40 , 42 and 43 . Using any of these four roads it appears that the longest travel distance on gravel roads is 2i miles . In my opinion this use really results in a very minimal use of the road and I think that is even true of all of the "heavy" trucks which at 2 . 2 trucks per day on the average can hardly be considered much of an increase. It is necessary that you review and get back with me so that we can make some comment or prepare some written comment for the County Commissioner hearing . Again , we appreciate your consideration and attention in this matter and look forward to your response. Very truly yours, LIND, R NCE OTTENHOFF Kenn h . in KFL/cg 900180 Following are the number of trips estimated pt 8-week cycle: Personal Vehicles : = 384 4 workers x 2 trips x 6 days/week x 8 weeks = 8 Poult Delivery: 4 trips x 2 (15 ton gross) Feed Delivery: = 16 x 2 (30 ton gr oss) = 32 665 ,000 lbs ./44 ,000 lb./load s Delivery: = 12 Shavings x 2 ( 20 ton ng gross) 6 loads/cycle = 18 Litter Removal: 9 loads/cycle x 2 (25 ton gross) = 64 Poult Removal: 32 trips x 2 (20 ton gross) 384 Personal Vehicles 134 Heavy Vehicles - S00180 A G (l LU.�i, 6iG:.1 rl Ly, L.cr+-r rr� S S, C vi F r 4 t�- Jr,L7 prrj,77 /9 '71i te-C-/'f3 /21�Cl/t-- ,:_. : cc, GUS it '1/ -7 :. l l/ c_. -L b 4-6-"corn ` sin FJar cO42- YJr. 11, ZC17, 6-2vj , � ctr. ,ct -tom>///czi20/<J.c.ra Fa7� 4-rr`{Iclr �c.� hz 9 �r`-� �' 5 — �C�'1��(%!�-'cam a i1 �✓- �t�'r.Y.� �� l rG4(Y.=J at^2 Cb, C ( N+^..i-^-'tvrN ✓ r Y.te rIn 4 '!. (3 , ^/(4' A _411 ci - , /1//L.c- �•J._.�j Q Q(<s l"� c 42-7.Zr C;z7 /L! ¢7Y r1 ' Cl 1'"),'rr a lS - U!/i7 Z7 /-71." --e2 eC a recce .5 a re-. (Ic044 (�r ✓ CArirtrrallir 1 ; r ,� '/jc T 1- / � �-c. `11P(=, r77 o .-e'3, h ,,,t- a ..1_ 4-'"'l• b ✓1/C r tG -4, ea.7 6104 704 c 7i a 7� h of� tar ' ocarl— [t/��/�' 1 Ca y,Lnie ( /�l1fz._ /!'z. �ly---e_{T o-.-1 Cc 1 L rD Q / a iv- f...— ce•F-�"'� / .r �f 'I ` :54-1,115 ( arc `�-Y., X-Vta � /' lJA / !�. (!- XA, /J;r`-_L-f C( /n F �✓rn �^/ ,s yl 6--h goat:cusp : d c y at-5%.5 _� c? r fet)cl,, rs# <F roc, �s 1 �tl ..eC-6421 Pvt, 1. 711 alC Gl 7x512 r 19S— CI e ; c---n �s.� y' X5 /VC el.-4V---n ' c� c. - "`An ce 6 c- i� L +v7 ��`.�1�S a_ Ag /i vl � G �a r (� : ev no 'L/'�-72 ft; f- L 90 SO I rE.) C Col, j ne 'i A-4 -e-a- cc r -i-,--tiz—,-,, 7)--),-,/ 477,, f 3 f E-/'G `�- 7 3/�/ t-'�- - _ 77 Q o"7 1 0-1--7 ."-r) tie c.�.. - LL=F' Q.�. -4' fCpl(-eeoz ' -lam :3Pc2 c / �r &di -Cd t, st72rrl�;rk rcva 1 7 Z P cit (rcnl rcce t '/2 iit, :3b' '71m— / r- eaZ_ is `�'t o C� O i( /'t cz.i `' A c c, X T'ZS , d! C `-'-,. _ L -F-, ,,--0.),,d 2 -F c 4cc4 `c-f- 7-- £ia c /C 7r7,� 3 (4C/ :CC *I c // � ca' 075 A Z,,,, i) a r o�O' ' (±,0 /&: t n,i 61; 1,r/cc( 9 -/- re,.6, „ ,..„.,-1, a ✓� _ e.{ y h.-z / ,71-.- GL ep r lli, c ° '- ;,r <o 1 i �� a Well (1.-0(-` `t c�12� ` cb-e 4. 71 City CC`s �� 2_17 a v n / l CC X� Yi�'71 - V/7t pain, 5LT:: a/_UF f 'i �l 900180 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA x17 ,-4. LL--rcb Vet Med Extension DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 95616 REPLY TO: 916-752-0853 January 9 , 1990 Mr. Bob Anderson 15370 Telluride Street Brighton, Colorado 80601 Dear Bob: We talked today by phone about the proposed turkey growing facility 200 feet from your bovine embryo transfer operation. Here in the Central Valley of California th rP are considerable problems in the siting of new poultry facilities for two main reasons: 1) The potential feather, dust, fly, and odor problems to homeowners and institutions (schools, hospitals, etc. ) in the vicinity. lic2) Potential for disease transmission between poultry flocks, but there is also some concern for disease transmission to other non-poultry species. Some counties have and others are thinking abou , oning restrictions for poultry. Just in the last few nays I haves re ai _.t om my colleague John Voris, University of California turkey specialist, guidelines being considered by Fresno County. I am enclosing a copy which may be helpful. However, Jghn ; a mnrP current than I am on this, and you might want to contact him at 209-891-2548 . .4- It is difficult to quantify the degree of risk of microbiological transmission between premises. There is always some risk, even when premises are a mile or more apart, because of wind-borne transmission, movement of rodents and birds, water seepage, and so on. However, it is also usually impossible to prove that an organism on one site actually came from a neighboring site, although some of the newer technologies may change this. One way of helping to build protection for your business in the event of a new potential disease source near you, is to have detailed records of problems, or no problems, amongst your animals prior to the time the new facility was installed. The University of California Cooperative Extension in compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964,Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 does not discriminate on the basis of race,creed,religion,color,national origin,sex,or mental or physical❑andicap in any of its programs or activities,or with respect to any of its employment policies,practices or procedures.The University of California does not discriminate on the basis of age,ancestry,sexual orientation,martial status,citizenship,nor because individuals are disabled or Vietnam era veterans.Inquiries regarding this policy may be directed to the Affirmative Action Officer,2120 University Avenue,University of California,Berkeley,California 94720.(415)644-4270. University of California and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. 900180 I will be happy to try and answer any more specific questions which you have. Sincerely, A. McMartin Extension Specialist, Poultry Health and Animal Welfare DAM:cje Enclosure cc: John Voris 900180 Z. X11, 1- 7"b MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR POULTRY FACILITIES MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES Fresno County requires the preparation of a management plan by a poultry grower for all poultry facilities in Fresno County to control and manage nuisances associated with poultry facilities. The rower o erator should rovide a written management plan describing the management practices necessary to contro eat er, dust, fly and odor nuisances. This plan shall be ;u�ittia to and approved by the Health Department_prior to operation. The following guidelines shall apply: PP Y: 1. Generally, feathers shall be maintained on the site of the poultry facility. Feather control is especially critical with certain agricultural sensitive crgp_s such as raisin grapes grown on adjacent or nearby properties. Thtpplan should address how feathers will be be controlled from leaving the property, This may include special fencing, vegetative screens, poultry netting or other methods of controlling feathers at the property line. These controls or features may not be required on all ranches or along all property lines on a ranch but may be considered on a case-by-case basis. Unconfined or semi-confined poultry facilities will require careful planning and control measures to keep feathers on-site. Ii. Dust shall be controlled and minimized to avoid causing a nuisance to nearby resi ences, sensi ive uses, an o er agr cu ura opera ons. Currently, the best method of controlling dust within poultry houses is by fogging or an evaporative cooling system. Practices may change to better control dust through technological changes, research and development. As this occurs, other acceptable dust control systems are encouraged. The design of these systems shall be the responsibility of the grower and will depend on the size, type and location of the facilities. In developing a dust control system, it is essential to properly manage the moisture content in the litter. The litter must not be too dry or it will promote disease, or too wet as it will produce odors and/or flies. The control of dust on unconfined and semi-confined poultry_facilities will I� iffi ult.�..-b3_.d— _ h?r°f°r-�,—�ha�- y oultr facilities shoo d only be ' located in un opulatedareas and where there are no nearby dust sensitive-- uses. lmIf the facility is located in an extremely sensitive situation, the major roads ma need to be dressed in an approved manner to reduce the production of dust from tra ic. 3. The poultry operator shall develop a fly manag m nt_ind_0dpYsontrol oroaram The program shall cover all aspects of the operation to adequately manage potential odor and fly nuisance problems including manure management, litter management, spilled feed clean up, dead bird disposal , and bait programs. 1A.12#23 iees 4:t4; 1 �� 1. a_ e`ei, 3C0180 In general , manure clean-out should include the prompt removal of manure. frThe ability to remove manure will depend on the time of the year and the weather. Manure that is wet or that may become wet, should be covered—to prevent flies from emerging or breeding. Manure/litter that has the potential to cause a problem should be removed from the facility or adequately covered within 7 days from clean-out. Dead birds must be removed from the poultry houses and disposed of in a manner that prevents the production of flies and odors. An acceptable manner is placing all dead in air tight pits called "Utah Cookers" where the water table will allow. Another method is hauling the dead to a rendering facility. In general , fly management is directly related to litter management. Litter that is properly managed for the best health of poultry is too dry for fly production. Essentially, fly management is keeping moisture out of manure and feed. Of special concern is the period right after a flock of poultry have gone to market. A program to prevent the leakage from waterers, fogger nozzles, and the clean up process into the litter must be instituted. Wet litter should be removed or tilled into dry litter. Wet litter that is _ removed should be covered with plastic to prevent the production of flies. Since flies are attracted to poultry facilities, the operator shall be prepared to use bait for adult flies and have a plan for spraying adult flies during the growing season and larva in special cases like a water spill . All feed spills must be cleaned up promptly to prevent fly production. 4. A rodent control program shall be in place. There are many different types of rodent control programs. Each facility needs to develop the combination of methods that best suit that facility. The Agricultural Commissioner and seminars conducted by the poultry industry help keep the industry abreast of the latest methods of controlling rodents. 5. Special design considerations of the facilities are required when outside runs are a part of the operation. a. The entire run needs to be provided with adequate sprinkler coverage. b. All runs shall be graded and sloped to prevent low areas that will accumulate organic material and moisture. c. The runs should be graded to drain to the outside of the fenced runs. c. The sprinklers shall be operated so as to prevent flooding and/or standing water. NOTE: The on—site disposal of dead birds may require a discharge permit from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) . ,Gl 2 W►� . 900180 PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR THE SITING AND OPERATION OF POULTRY FACILITIES DEFINITIONS: poultry facility. Where used, the term "Poultry Facility" includes all coops, barns, and pens which may be utilized in conjunction with poultry production. When measuring setbacks and distances between poultry facilities, measurements should be taken from or between the most proximate of the above described facilities. Areas used for crop production or not otherwise utilized in the production of poultry shall not be included for purposes of determining setbacks and distances. Unconfined Poultry Facility. An "Unconfined Poultry Facility" includes any Poultry Facility where birds are predominantly raised in open pens with or without shades and are subject to the elements. Semi-confined Poultry Facility. A "Semi-confined Poultry Facility includes any Poultry Facility where birds are raised within a fully enclosed climate controlled structure part of the time, but also released into open pens at intervals. lTotal Confinement Poultry Facility. A "Total Confinement Poultry Facility" refers to any Poultry Facility where all birds are housed within fully enclosed climate controlled structures and where no open pens are utilized. Environmentally Controlled Poultry Facility. An "Environmentally Controlled Poultry Facility" refers to a Poultry Facility that has solid side and end walls with all openings sealed except for fan exits. -SITING STANDARDS: 1. Poultry facilities are permitted by right -in the AE (Exclusive Agricultural) 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 District subject to the regulations stated herein unless otherwise subject to a CUP or DRA. fi 2. A AN wpoultry facility, except an environmentally controlled facility, shall not be permitted when ten or more dwellings or a sensitive use such as school, public park, hospital, etc. are located within the windshed area (Diagram B) , 4- 3 . A new poultry facility shall not be permitted when an existing dwelling not owned by the poultry operator/owner, is located within the micro windshed area (Diagram A) . The required separations specified in diagram "A" may be reduced to one-half for environmentally controlled poultry facilities. — 900180 a, 4 . The new poultry raising operation should not have its main structures less than the distance shown on the accompanying Micro (local area) Windshed Diagram (attached Diagram A) to an occupied dwelling owned by a property owner other than the poultry site owner/operator, nor shall it be less than one-half mile upwind or one-quarter mile downwind from an established citrus, vineyard, deciduous fruit, or vege£ible . agricultural enterprise. NOTE: It has been suggested that this policy be amended so that fully enclosed poultry operations would not be subject to the separation standards from vineyards, orchards or vegetables. 5. New poultry facilities shall set back a minimum of 50 feet from all property lines, ditches, canals or other water ways and 100 feet from all public roads. 6. A new poultry facility shall be located at least two miles from any existing poultry facility except for a new poultry facility owned by the same grower. Eating egg producing facilities and pullets for eating egg production shall be at least five miles from any other poultry facility. 7. The Co yfhall send a notice to all property owners within ont-half mlle_of_a proposed poultry facility. The purpose of the notice 1 t inform the owners that the County has issued a permit for a poultry facility. DISCUSSION: 1. What happens to proposed poultry facilities that do not meet the siting standards? Should there be a process to consider an exception to the standards for such facilities? DRA process accepted. 2. What process should the County use to review compliance with the proposed regulations? The County will have to develop and application form to allow for evaluation of site from a standard standpoint. r ip/ 900180 - DIAcjRAM A Micro Wsh1 s hid D iii'r an% NO TN , (\ ' / / • k I 1 / i / sip esc,, I tv ya "--- —, ------7 ��`j�'Ss Te / /3 D.o 61/2 .F-- .1�'��r r�L ce_ f /4-/it, di V'M/ — 24-71`; -... 36/(col 900180 — D /AC+ RA M .B Wind I L4 D laj nark, enema.. — awe. --an.. 7. . � ` 1 / No TH \\ ire; N I'' (0OO' t rP�� IFry TGIi}y 11E0' .,.:r 3y,. I 1 I N. N. .., � / 35° c30i2. O1-r) il-A lic--- "la; keed-4. 1- 771- --r-5---° iii 900180 • y , h; h, fiL 1 Q N c' O' Agricultural Occupational 11rdictne 943 NO rill C PC ?C c a le flt e cl.-1 c 19101 Occupational Safety and Health .A I -nmaatimt, CS Dept of TABLE 59-5. (IQ. cd ' t Labor. OSII A 0 b, March I I. 1983. ✓�U- -�t i 15. Pepys J: Hypersensitivity disease of the lungs due to fungi and u- The Risk to Agricultural Workers of Selected Diseases Common dusts. in llono h in alter . White Plains. NY. Pbiebig, to Animal and Man game h^,p y_.. 1969. vol 1. DEFINITE RISK OUESTIONABLE RISK DOUBTFUL RISK W. Rarnazzini B: Diseases of Workers. 1713. New York. Hefner Publish- ,rig Co, 1964, Brucellosis Pseudotuberculosis Cowpox 17. Tabora 31. Chan-Yeung M. Enarson D, et al: Host (actor,affecting Leptospirosis Psitt_acosis_/ornithosis Taeniasis longitudinal decline in lung spirometry among grain elevator workers. Toxoplasmosis Vibriosis Dermatophilosis Chest 1984:85:782. Rabies Safmonellosis _, Trichinosis 18. Threshold Limit Values tTLVsi for Chemical Substances and Physical Tetanus Listeriosis PneumococcaI Agents in the Work Environment and Biological Exposure Indices with Anthrax Tuberculosis infections Intended Changes for 1986-1987. Akron. Oh. American Conference Erysipeloid Streptococcal Babesiosis of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1986. 0 fever infections Fascioliasis 19. Tse KS. Warren P. Janusz M. et al: Respiratory abnormalities in Hi5t0 laI sr�^ss (pharyngitis, Giardiasis workers exposed to grain dust. Arch Environ Health 1973;27:74. ISStomycosis erysipelas) 20. Warren P, Chemiak RM, Tse KS, et al: Hypersensitivity reaction to Ringworm Influenza and grain dust. I Allergy Clin Immortal 1974;53:139. Arthropod-borne viral parainfluenza .. .... a encephalitis Plague . 21. William N, Skoular A, Merriman JE: Exposure to grain dust. I. Sur- .. y"" vey of the effects. J Occup Med 1964;6:319. Newcastle disease Cryptococcosus _ g-+ 22. Yoshida K. Maybank J: Physical and environmental characteristics of Pseudocowpox Nematodiasis grain dust, in Dosman IA, Cotton DJ (gds): Occupational Pulmonary Vesicular stomatitis (cutaneous larval 4 Disease—Focus on Grain Dust and Health.New York, Academic Contagious ecthyma migrans,visceral Press, 1980. Staphylococcal larval migrans, }^ infections and ..1i; Echinococcosis strongyloidiasis) c ZOONOTIC DISEASES Collibacillosis Colorado tick fever .•`+- , Tularemia Pneumococcal • Acariasis infections .e Diseases caused by infectious agents common to animals and Pasteurellosis Encephalomyocarditis ople are called zoonoses, and a number of these are-hazards for Rocky Mountain Dirofilariasis agricultural workers. The material is presented here in two parts: spotted fever general concepts;and essential features of spec*zoonotic diseases. Sporotrichosis • ,14 - The general concepts presented are common to all agricultural Balantidiasis 2. ...if* " zoonoses, regardless of geographic location. Tables 59-5 io 59-7 ` `- present the essential features of the most important occupational zoonoses in agriculture of North America. Over 150 zoonoses are include only a few of the important occupational zoonoses. Al- iii distinguished worldwide. Of these, 40 have significance as occu- though a few states have occupational disease reporting systems, + the inherent problems previously described prevent acquisition of pational diseases in agriculture worldwide, and-25 present='; to agricultural workers in the U (—'Table 59-5). culture is a gross underestimate. - accurate figures. Thus, the number of zoonotic infections in agri- Zoonotic infections are significant not only because there are so many of them, but also they are an economic burden due to loss of livestock, the expense of animal disease controLw and clinical TABLE 59-6. care for human exposures and illness. An example of the latter is Selected Agricultural Zoonoses: Risk Relative to Major ----_-- " Exposure Sources.° the 15 million dollars spent annually in the U.S, for administration of rabies post-exposure immunoprophylaxis to approximately Beef Cattle Sheep 30,000 exposed individuals,° Anthrax Contagious ecthyma Although zoonoses are recognized as a significant health prob- Leptospirosis Hydatid disease lam, the actual incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections is Rabies Tularemia difficult to determine for several reasons°'r First, since many in- Dairy Cattle Swine . fictions may be mild only the most severely ill e[sons,ma- Milkers nodules Brucellosis "._ . . ..._.._ e k_ Y misdi-. Q fever E. Coll infections ... to a physician. Second, many clinical infections are often misdi- .`„rF;. *nosed because symptoms are often protean, nonpathognomonic. Staphylococcus infections Swine influenza loid anndd_mimic severe influenza. Lack of physician awareness and of Vesicular stomatitis Swine Zoophilic ringworm appropriate diagnostic support further increases the rate of misdi- - Poultry Rural Environment agnosis, Third. in some agriculture areas, medical services are 1Hlstd Iasmosis '�E' P Blastomycosis scarce and ill persons may have little chance to see a physician. Newcastle disease�� P Arthropod-bone viral so no diagnosis is made. 0rnithosis- encephalidities r nca .....�� rrect counts of zoonotic infections also result from lack of Rocky Mountain I • comprehensive reporting systems?'° Although states vary in their spotted fever Si _ rr9uiremen is for reporting infectious diseases, most include only Tetanus lb), disease= pedied by the national health authorities. These Toxoplasmosis 11-4 L. it SC0180 091006 Agn(alhiral D cupatianal Medicine 945 5 - g2 o m = L o c m E b y =° n E'g^ a 3 $ r $ l.F 2 2 o E = = m o c z 281' 223g2 ^ $ G m pa E o m ` m x 3 " = = ≥ a - - i i` E- O `o =o q c_ n3m_ o° cun E'`o ° a2, $ EE °' - y `m �, g s `5 a. a g E a E'`m '2 a. = a t a e 'c m = m ≥ $ o $ n '_ =m 5 36529 n s n m =m 8 '° 0 8 m c ' a 3 _ ms rYww° W >0 a x 2 , m E E 12 ,1 m ._1 m m mE m _ - E.m m m c 2O82 m " t LL'� smc" "g3 Eg $ m_=383�8_ mo has < ;m LL COi n° 3 a m d m te II mEAm 11 —og � _ o °„ 6g aa ° m E.o S $ E.E c 8m ' o E. Ef222` -2 2 ...s 1m `oq ' Eaj p E "o mEPB ^ � << �. �` '�§' 8.4 w � = �a ' `� = mmul5am ilI1tdI1 _9c m" a m `Sa E ` $$$ k taE £ c2a € §Iz m8ccm €'ma"i E m m E mm E a m m m m 1 o U am id i R $, m o " _ m i rs'I;`3 c < m U < MU < COO m a ; _ R R Z5 2 m P . is A Si c B,t m E mm EL m t_ _ ° z'a 0a ›. 3'O = 3 Q E m m L sI 222: 1-Ali •3 E E r a_ m y 5 t m E a E 22 a`' m 05 . y_ g_a e: 28° q E a 2 t w m 2 E m c - E m _ o m E g 0211 -4 .2E . � s G _ m E E m Z@ 8 5 " 8 "E pE m ` o x'm ^^m a n s E =. B m • I . <. < . d of 2• 2, o $ vs 8Ng - m S mm _=m >mg b - Qmht vg m = xrn" a@3 `-' m c E'= qm �+ E ^ 'o _ m 8 n m'm V `o - 25 22, 52127 °11172" _ a q t - a.0 - n E ra g i £ ° a v $ Ei.ci Emp ^ 7 ''7imgwZo JIIIJiJIIIitJ1i!;111JIb 2321iiIIiai1Ifll1 '1JI ° a`^ E 1E "E .da S1 x f Q ,' S E c ; " > ? .0 . 2 8 E m g ' c ' °m r i m E Z $ E m c 22 .'m�. 2 2 S E 8 a 0 3 E E En Em 8_a g 081096 946 Selected U"url.-Categorin r f ConcernI S g -0 ' ? 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'—° s,a W o o> 'a _ o 0 C v aJ - n' u' 075 U , E ≥ k_ c 3 m at O _ . 62 m - ry n v m s = t' 2 oc II, Iy wE ma v E 'EL" Tob 1 W 'tn n'$ ; 666 ;Tn _ `n j 1n, acji be, co to f Z H WI -4''--- 081006 ,A/;rirulpvnl ()erupulimral Medicine 947 • rn n - G J 0 _ °" 0 il - G m n 0 c . c m e 8 m `u . E a G C ,t, 6 S m U m L l E a C E $ _i c g c ra Eop " _ _ o m o c c E N m 3 c E `v 'o c ° g m 2 c a o o E E ,rd a m " E = 3 9O m G n g u 5 n Z, m c v o i m E .2 a " m N 3 3 5f o e " _ m 5 ,0 c g'c E 3 m E m m 5 n E E 3 5 I n S 3 e G o E 8 ° A a g a w A u i n2 E . 0- .- 8- 2",- mr 862 a > ddm o _ � w g'g= . 6 Fa E n c _ `� e " n3 " '^5 0o 57E an io▪ D a m n g 2. 'w m L E o - g' E ; o c a E_ u " m E c• v A S y it 0 c n? 3 a= in 3 m 5 m 3 5 q v3 E $}' 8 i v m m 8• ` 3 a' U d a a a 3 LL a 3 a` < 8 m a m d m d m 81 = E • m " .22g. 3 v g "o E , 6 N T . 4,w275 3 .= , a..219 T .4 3 E st m " § c E f w? a 5 � 5a "� m5 15Eg> ti = c ` 9p E `o 'q p O- co 9"�a E u g m m c �, n 9 N j A m - m G M A P L m s m Jm Lm L 44 b' 81.5 E .8 .4120. 28 c +r > 3 m ° m _ m v a 3 S m 3 8 3 3 m e N .- ❑ U r N O c c 8 6 .-d a • m U < m U E cod • v " E cc �," 3 m 0E 0 0 2 " o f E�n m m a.3 Ts tt Y L F 'it" >.= 26 lla _ri0o a rig - 33 .-3 < m! <m tm ols 3yy 2 m 8s S mo ≥G m rtuiEm ° m G alLA m a m m E - . . " m m cm " 1° o g m OoF .C m3 n aEUaiSmSu% n HilMifi illtllhit1V:llIaIH mE oc =`- c" SnE_ '"ant $vm@ o xa c$ 4 . t 0° 3 do 3 xa do E ' u a ` Er > 1§ O. °` U a 6 3 0 n v 1 m E' = s5• : IT 4 I 1 I •a" i t. Veterinary Mediak'e�tada��j//��s!!s; 7 ,1,..-7'..,.,. why r 1. .L- y,.4� ' i 4, Psittacosis John K. Emerson, DVM PSITTACOSIS WAS FIRST DESCRIBED as a human dis- Clinical Disease ease in Europe in 1876. A number of outbreaks were Psittacine birds—Psittacosis appears to be a recorded in the late 19th century, with the source nestling purported to be infected parrots from Argentina. By n young birds infections in the absence ofstt ess. i Shipping, 190' sporadic cases were seen in the United States, aria an outbreak in Pennsylvania in 1924 was well crowding, chilling, breeding, and other factors will documented. A pandemic occurred in 1929-1930 activate shedding of the infectious agent. Relatively with about 1,000 reported cases resulting in a case few wild adult birds carry Cgated,ia. When native fatality rate exceeding 20%. The causative microbe, birds are trapped and congregated, natural infection Chlam dip sittaci, was isolated by English workers of less than is prevalence can increase to near:•; during this perio . It is an obligatory intracellular 100,O. The disease appears as a gastrointestinal bacterium whose metabolic requirements limit its illness and is evidenced by chronic emaciation and _--- growth to tissue culture media. The generic term greenish diarrhea. Grossly,there a enlarged spleen and Chiamydia has been applied to the agents of psit- narylesions,cloudy air sacs,and enlarged spleen and tacosis,lymphogranuloma venereum trachoma,and lives The mortality is variable, depending on stress . feline pneumonitis. factors, microbial virulence, host age and species. The disease was recognized in and extent of treatment. Normai-appearing birds pigeons, ducks, may be inapparent carriers and shedders.The organ- turkeys and other birds and lower mammals as early ism is excreted in the feces of infec_ea birds. is as 1938, and epizootics were seen in turkeys and resistant to drying,and can remain infective to other ducks in the 1950s. Infections in poultry have re- suited n sporadic outbreaks of occupational psit- hosts for several months. tacosis with notable foci of disease reported in turkey-processing plant workers as recently as 1974 flan—human infection usually occurs throuzh tne inhalation of an infective aerosol. Fleeting ern- and 1976. However, most human cases reported in recent years have resulted from exposure to infected sures often are adequate to produce disease. The pet psittacine birds. incubation period vanes from 5 to 14 days. Infections Following the 1929-1930 pandemic, many coun- range from inapparent to severe systemic disease tries established strict prohibitions against importa- with pneumonia, In a typical case, :here is abrupt tion of psittacine birds from South America. Corn- onset of chills, fever, sweating, severe weakness. mercial importation into the United States was headache, backache, and photophobia. Usually banned by the US Department of Agriculture symptoms persist for 7 to 10 days. Pneumonia with (USDA) in 1946. In 1967, limited importation was patchy areas of consolidation in the dependent lobe is resumed, and the US Public Health Service estab- common. Histologically, the pneumonia appears as a lished minimal standards for treatment of psit- lobular interstitial pneumonitis.Recent case fatality tacines at overseas facilities. The USDA lifted the rates are less than 1% with proper treatment. A importation ban on all birds in 1973 and began sequela to infection may be valvular endocarditis quarantining and testing birds for velogenic viscero The disease is most life threatening in persons tropic Newcastle disease at approved facilities in the over 50 years of age. Differential dia nosis should United States, usually located near ports of entry. exclude Q-fever, histoplasmosis, myconlasmal pneu- During the quarantine period, US Public Health monia, and viral interstitial pneumonias such as Service treatment standards for psittacosis were influenza. Susceptibility is genera's and there may be enforced by USDA personnel. This arrangement, many mild or inapparent cases in a population however, proved to be ineffective for a variety of during an outbreak. Antibody resistance is consid-, epidemiologic and administrative reasons. Newer ered transitory andreinfections do occur. Person-to- regulations are now being implemented. person transmission is infrequent, therefore, patient Prepared by nn K.em.„non(,cie,;•Department isolation and prophylaxis of contacts is considered Are, Dens•. CO 30220, on bend(of A. Amp A....uon •IN.I2I0 E llN unnecessary. Treatment proauces prompt nonintec- �'e,amm�a� A•Yw.,•uao of 2ublie He.lth tivicy. 900180 612 Diagnosis -Epidemiclogic Trends Psittacine birds—There are no pathognomonic In 1978, 143 cases of human psittacosis were gross lesions. Laboratory diagnostic procedures in- reported to the Centers for Disease Control. There dude the staining of tissue impression smears to has been an increase each year since 1973 in the identify Chtamvdia elementary bodies. The inocula- number of reported cases not associated with poultry tion of suspensions of spleen,liver, or intestines into processing. Thirty states reported cases in 1978, mice, eggs, or tissue culture for attempted isolation compared with 26 states in 1977. States which are should follow. Culturing of blood, cloacal washings, actively and routinely conducting laboratory analy- and feces from live birds is unreliable for diagnostic ses of psittacine specimens reported marked in- purposes. Infected birds and tissue specimens, even. creases in the number of confirmations in 1978. The unfixed smears, are hazardous to laboratory person- highest human risk category was pet bird owners, nel, and only properly equipped laboratories should followed by employees of the pet bird commercial attempt culturing procedures. trade.Still fewer cases occurred in bird fanciers,non- bird owners, pigeon fanciers, and poultry producers Man—The infective agent may be isolated from and processors. The bird classification "other psit- sputum or blood during the acute febrile illness prior tacine species," which consists largely of imported to antibiotic therapy. However, confirmatory diag- birds,was most frequently implicated as the source of nosis is usually accomplished by testing paired sera human infection in 1978, with "mixed and unspec- for complement-fixing antibodies. Serum should be ified psittacine species"second.Among the 127 cases collected as soon after onset of symptoms as possible in which a source of infection was reported,caged pet with the convalescent serum drawn at least 21 days birds accounted for 86 (68%), turkeys and chickens after onset. Early antibiotic treatment may inhibit for 17 (13%), domestic and wild pigeons for 15 (12%), the development of complement-fixing antibody. A and miscellaneous wild and domestic birds for 9(7%). single or stable convalescent titer of X1:32 with a compatible disease history may be considered presumptively diagnostic. Antigenic cross reactions Control Measures from lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma Many avian species should be considered as will occur and should be eliminated epidemiologi- • potential reservoirs for Chlamydia psittaci.However, cally from the diagnosis. the data show that the majority of human cases in the United States result from exposure to infected psit- Treatment tacine birds.Theoretically,infection in the psittacine reservoir can be controlled with chlortetracycline. Psittacine biros—Chlortetracycline is effective in eliminating or preventing latent chlamydial infec- Thus. theman primary y objective must be to prevent tions in most birds if adequate blood concentrations disease i en it proper treatment and handling of can be maintained for 30 to 45 days. Antibiotic- psittacine pet birds during commercial distribution. impregnated feeds will control psittacosis and stop Secondary objectives should include early detection, correct diagnosis, prompt treatment, and reporting death loss in commercial poultry operations. Millet of human psittacosis. Education of the medical corn- . seed impregnated with chlortetracycline(0.5 mg/g)is munity and heightening public awareness to the available and effective in treatment of parakeets, hazard caused by infected pet birds are also veteri- budgerigars, and other small seed-eating birds. Di- nary public health responsibilities. The following rections for optimal treatment procedures which measures should be implemented by all quarantine make use of freshly prepared mash or specially stations, wholesalers, and retailers of pet psittacine formulated liquid feed for the larger species and birds: nectar-feeding psittacine birds are available from state health departments and the Centers for Disease 1) Optimal treatment of the various psittacine Control.' It is possible to assay bird serum for birds should be applied. The efficacy of chlortet- adequate concentrations of chlortetracycline. racycline is well documented; however, treated birds Man—Optimal therapy for human psittacosis is are susceptible to reinfection. Treatment must be tetracycline (500 mg orally Qm for 14 days). Patients accomplished through the feed. Administration of unable to take oral medication should be given 250 antibiotics through the drinking water is not effec- • mg of tetracycline ry @m until oral therapy can be tive. initiated. In patients with the acute form of the disease, dramatic improvement occurs shortly after 2) Psittacine birds should be identified with leg initiation of treatment. However, therapeutic trials bands.A mandatory system of individual bird identi- to establish a diagnosis of psittacosis are not consid- fication using official leg bands would facilitate trace ered practical. Chloramphenicol (2-4 giday)) or pent- back and greatly reduce smuggling. cillin (1 million units ni TED) has been recommended in cases where tetracycline is contraindicated, eg, 3) Adequate records should be required at all pregnant women, young children,and patients with phases of the pet bird trade and should include: (a) a renal or hepatic function impairment. daily log and identification record of each bird handled, and (5) complete records of all purchases, ..,,I,nta.c, shipments. and sales. March 15, 1982 613 98Oi RA f5 � • AM61lICAN IIII NNgI )F t.PInFN HI.UI:Y VOIIIf, `. Copyright ' 1918 by The John.-Hopkins L niven:ay School of Hygiene and Public Health Pooled vre !'- l'SIT'I'ACOSIS OUTBREAK IN EMPLOYEES OF A fir; sI TURKEY-PROCESSING PLANT DANIEL C. ANDERSON.' PAUL A. STOESZ= AND ARNOLD F. KAUF11ANN' i y Anderson, D. C„ P. A. Stoesz and A. F. Kaufmann (Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333). Psittacosis outbreak in employees of a turkey- processing plant. Am J Epidemiol 107:140-148, 1978. In June 1976, 28 employees of a Nebraska poultry processing plant had clinical onset of an illness compatible with psittacosis. The diagnosis was 1, serologically confirmed in 22 patients by fourfold or greater changes in their t complement fixation antibody titers, using a Chlamydia group antigen. Lack �s * a tj of serologic response in the remaining patients could not be readily explained .__ by therapy differences, timing of serologic evaluation, or severity of clinical illness. The comparable attack rates in the various processing departments were consistent with an airborne infection. However, results of the investi- gation also suggested that workers having both frequent contact with turkey ♦44, •ri •4- y tissues and skin injuries were more likely to be infected than other processing 3 `r workers. The cost of the outbreak for reimbursed medical costs, workmen's compensation, and lost wages was $19.000. A single turkey flock was implicated as the source of infection. This flock had been screened on a voluntary basis for evidence of infection prior to slaughter, using criteria developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. Although the preslaughter screening failed to detect psittacosis infection, two turkeys "� • from the same flock which inadvertently had not been sent to slaughter were_ .t, 4 • • subsequently found to be infected. disease outbreaks; occupational diseases; psittacosis; turkeys t r The term psittacosis was First intro- In 1948, the disease was first associate. 1v ° -- 1 .t, -S' duced in 1895 to describe a distinctive with the processing of turkeys follmcir disease associated with parrots that was an outbreak at a Texas plant, in which Q ,, a x1= recognized in Emrope 111, Little attention cases with three deaths occurred i 31 Ni' ?-4,1 e was paid to the disease until 1929-1930, memos outbreaks were -ubsequt ntlt when outbreaks associated with South ported in turkey-procesing workers du� • American pants occurred in mart coup ing the next 15 years (1 4) For unknoss tries. At that time 170 cases, with '1.3 reasons- no outbreaks were reported fro.' deaths, occurred in the United States r2). 1963 until 1974 when 114 cases occurred t� dt <1 Interest generated by these outbreaks led related- outhreaks at seven prucessiI to the recognition of ps_racosis in a vari- plants in Texas, Missouri, and N b ety of bird species. 15). The outhre ik reported here was the a A Receroed tor Auutp.t M. 197- and psittacosis outbreak at a Nclii 3 a \hhiev ition CF cumple me nt fixation: USDA, \,^.:. } Untied States Department d Agriculture tlll kt processing plant within two Veal ! li Center for DI guise Control. Atlanta. GA_ In the first outbreak which occur red y� Neltr i.kn State Department of Health, Lincoln, ,Juno 1974, 29 of 113 f20 per cent) empint.+ Y G 1d�kK NF, ees had a clinical illness compatible wits.[, t ... Reprint requests to Dr. Kaufmann, 13acwrial p Loon., i iii Hurt iu of F.pile miolocs', Center PSitt it Ost9, and 12 of the infections w'et'r or Disoise Control. Atlanta. GA dodd3. serologically confirmed 15), Emp lot cc 4 l40 � i w SJC®18O Vol_ 1117. V,.. 2 • rSPrrAUOsis quit: LEAK IN EMPLOYEES fir rl:i(KEY' I'I20,'h:SFISII PLAN 14t Ynnlyd m USA. working in the kill and pick (31 per cent), chilling tanks, prior to movement on un- til: A evisceration (40 per cent), and packaging other line to the packaging department. departments 119 per cent) had the highest This department is in the same room is attack rates. Although no .serologically the eviserating department. In the pack- KAL MANN' confirmed cases occurred in other areas of aging department. final inspection and the plant- two individuals working in the processing are done. Upon leaving the ter for Disease box and freezer department had an illness packaging department. the carcasses are tes of a turkey- compatible with psittacosis. The source of bagged. sharp frozen. and crated before infection for the employees was considered final transfer to the freezer store room. ssing plant had to he culled breeder turkey hens from The kill and pick area is separated from diagnosis was Texas. sthe the evisceration area as required h}. t, :hanges in their This description of the second outbreak United States Department of Agriculture a antigen. Lack includes an evaluation of risk factors con- (USDA) regulat inns. Regulations _govern- ,adiiy explained gritty of clinical tributing to infection in turkey processing ing ventilation require that the kill and rig departments workers, and the economic losses resulting pick areas he under negative air pressure of the investi- from a psittacosis outbreak. which results in the flow of air from the tact with turkey evisceration and packaging areas into the Ihor processing MATERIALS AND METHODS kill-pick area. ,sts. workmen's The processing plant. The poultry proc- Epidrrnlo/tigic studies. Nledical records rkey flock was essing plant where the outbreak occurred of all patients who had either been hospi- screened on a is located in southcentral Nebraska. When talized or had consulted a physician during r, using criteria it is operating at full capacity, 4000 to the epidemic period were reviewed. In Although the 5000 turkeys are processed each day. addition, voluntary questionnaire and ser- in. WO turkeys slaughter were Chickens are also processed but much less ologic surveys were conducted on duly 5-d frequently. The work is seasonal, and the among the plant's employees. Question- plant is usually in full operation only from naires were administered to each partici- ceys June to January. The remainder of the pant through personal interviews. Infor- year the plant is staffed by a limited mation obtained included age and sex: was first associated number of employees, primarily ntainte- past and pre-eat prncessint; plant employ- of turkeys following nance and office personnel Limited proc- meat by speed-lc dates: jolt locations and essing of poultry from nearby farms is descriptions: degree of skin contact with <as plant, in which 22 done from -January to June. freshly killed or chilled poultry: frequency lths occurred (3). Nu- Turkeys are transported to the process- of cuts. scratches. or abrasions: use n( vein subsequently re- icessing workers dm- ing plant, often from considerable dis- protector equipment: possible =our'ces of 41. For unknown tances. and are usually slaughtered on exposure to psittacosis unrelated to em- < the day of arrival. The birds first enter plovment: previous history of illness: and were reported from the plant in an area known as the kill and previous ho-a'ry of psittacosis. Inibrnta- l4 cases occurred in pick department. At slaughter the birds Lion on work history by date and process- at seven processing ',swirl, and Nebraska are sequentially shackled on a continuous ing department were cross-checked with moving line, stunned by electrical .shock- comnanv employment record_. lieu; on ing, and exsangilinated. The carcasses are financial loss resulting from the patients. nI,'li here was the sec- then scalded and defeathered by machines illness were obtained from compensation neuk at a Nebraska before being transferred to another mov- claims tiled with the company. apt within two years. lk which occurred in rag line leading to the evisceration depart- The epidemiologIc role of direct skin ment. In this department, deep tissues are contact with potentially infections materi- 'rI per cent) employ- exposed as the birds are dressed. Removal als during processing was assessed by use Ieass compatible with of edible and inedible organs and neces- of contact coefficients determined ter the d the infections were sary trimming of the carcasses occur here. individual workers. using a nnaiillu:ltion need (5). Employees The carcasses are then placed in two large of a previously descrihed method Iw. These 900180 • ,�',4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F:1, 1� it 1`• ++' 142 ANDERSON. STOESZ ANu KAUFMANN coefficients were determined by a combi- one individual reporting an illness corn- nation of an injury Factor and a contact patihle with psittacosis. All serum spec!- .I factor. The injury factor was based on the mens were tested by the Virology Divi- employee's estimated frequency of job-re- sion, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for ° laced cuts, scratches and abrasions, with Disease Control, for presence of psittacosis a factor of 5 being three or more per week, antibody by complement fixation 1 CF) 4 being one to two per week, 3 being one tests utilizing a Chlamvdia group antigen. approximately every two weeks, 2 being The number and source of birds slough- ,tt,°' one a month, 1 being less than one a tered and number condemned by cause w month. This value was multiplied by the were obtained from the company and contact factor (a value ranging from 1 to USDA inspectors. Information on the tur- 10) determined by whether contact was key flock that was implicated as the source with freshly killed or chilled poultry, area of infection was obtained from Texas Vet- ' at' of the body having contact, and percentage erinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. 1F t of work time during which such contact Texas A & M University, College Station, occurs (table 1). The contact coefficient is Texas. the product of this calculation. Due to the Definitions. In this investigation, psit- i small study population, workers were sub- tacosis cases were categorized using the divided for purposes of analysis into two following definitions. A confirmed case groups, those with a low contact coefficient was defined as illness in a person with of 1-9 and those with a high contact coef- signs and symptoms (fever, chills, diapho- ficient of 10-50. resis, myalgias, headache, with or without + Serum specimens were obtained at the x-ray evidence of pneumonia) compatible time of the interview from 66 employees with psittacosis and a fourfold or greater who had not previously reported illness, change in CF antibody titer between two ' In addition, acute and convalescent serum serum specimens obtained two or more ;�..' specimens were obtained from 27 persons weeks apart. A presumptive case was de- reporting illness in the epidemic period fined as illness in a person with signs and through their attending physicians. Se- symptoms compatible with psittacosis and rum specimens were not obtained from at least one serum specimen obtained tot r 1 Y w+ TABLE I Variables used to determine the contact factor r degree of employee contact with poultry;issues)for calculating the contact coefficient t Type of poultry product Area of body having contact ° of work time in contact handled Contact factor Freshly killed Chilled Hands Hands, wrists and <25 25-7.5 -75 t ' forearms 10 9 X X R X X , 8 X X or X C 7 X X 6 X X X 1 N .. v Fs 5 ,C 0 X 'Mc; - 4 X X X 3 X X X 2 �tyyr X X or X Y 1 None : e 'Y" X indicates type or frequency of exposure for employees having the ascribed contact factor .chich ranged from a low of 1 to a high of 10. A person with a contact factor of 10, for example, had hand. wrist. and forearm contact with freshly killed poultry tissue during more than 751.of the workday. 2fY! t 900180 PSITTACOSIS OUTBREAK IN EMPLOYEE., OF TURKEY-PROCESSING PLANT 143 -ring an illness corn- lowing onset of illness having a CF anti- -TABLE ;is. All serum speci- ( body titer 1: 16. And, a compatible ill- Frequency ofco,n„lot, .signs and..,vaipto'n.s in O the Virology Divi- ness or case was defined as illness in a psittacosis patients h-°dun;no.stic category,Nebraska 'or: .vies, Center for f person with signs and symptoms consist- poultry processing plant are ace of psittacosis ent with psittacosis but with either a CF Diagnostic category ..(m• .t fixation (CF) antibody titer ≤1:8 or no serologic exami- Sign/symptom Presump- Conflrmed Compatible 11Ve myna group antigen. nation. '"22 casP5) (2 cases) '4 ca::es, ource of birds slaugh- ----- condemned by cause RESULTS Fever 31 '95)t 2(100) 4 i too) Headache 21195) 2100) 4 i100i 1 the company and The outbreak. A psittacosis outbreak Chills 21 '95) 2(100) 4 (100) Cori-nation on the tur- involving 28 employees occurred at the My'algias 20 '91) 0 4 (100) plicated as the source poultry plant during June 1976. By case Diaphoresis 17 O 2 1100) 3 '75) fined from Texas Vet- definition, 22 employees had confirmed Photophobia u>)45) 0 2 (50) Cough 10 (45) 1 (50) 50) agnostic Laboratory, and two had presumptive infections. An Nausea/vomit- 9 ton 0 2'50) •aty. College Station, additional four individuals had compatible ing illnesses. Three of the latter group had a Conjunctivitis 5 '23) 0 2)50) Is investigation, psit- CF titer of 1:8 in at least one serum E?15L-`_" 4 '1R) 0 0 •ategorized using the specimen. and one was not serologically ' Confirmed. 4-fold or greater change in CF anti- A confirmed case tested. None of the six current employees body titer; presumptive. CF antibody titer ≥i.:e BPS in a person with but <4-fold change: compatible. CF antibody titer who had psittacosis in the 1974 outbreak I:R or no serologic examination. 'ever, chills, diapho- reported illness compatible with psittaco- t Percentages in parentheses. :ache, with or without sis. No evidence was found of secondary )eumonia) compatible transmission to family members or medi- employees who worked the week before or fourfold or greater cal care personnel. the week after, hut not the week of June ,dy titer between two All the patients reported varying com- 14 reported illness. The attack rate for dained two or more binations of fever, chills, diaphoresis, employees who worked the week of June umptive case was de- headache, and body aches (table 2). Less 14 was significantly higher than for em- person with signs and frequently reported •.vere cough (usually plovees who did not (Fisher's exact test. e with psittacosis and dry and nonproductive), photophobia. con- one-udled,p <0.014 pecimen obtained fol- junctivitis. and epistaxis. Chest x-rays Cases occurred only in employees work- were obtained on all confirmed and pre- ing in the kill and pick. evisceration. and sumptive cases of psittacosis. Of 25 pa- packaging departments. Although the h pi inky tissues)for dents who had chest x-rays, 14 had evi- number of employees working on a given dence of pulmonary infiltrates consistent day remained relatively constant. the in- with psittacosis. Duration of illness was dividuals included in the work force varied of work time in contact known for 25 patients. The mean duration from day-to-day. Based on the 95 employ- - 25 25-75 >75 of illness was nine days 'range 4-14 days(, ees who actually worked June 14-15. the and the mean hospital stay for the nine attack rates in affected departments were x hospitalized patients was seven days not significantly different (table 3). As x (range 5-16 days). noted earlier, all but one of the psittacosis x All patients had onset of clinical illness patients worked these two days; the excep- x in the period June 21-30, suggesting expo- tion, an employee who worked in the evis- x sure over a short period of time (figure 1). ceration and packaging departments was. x All 28 patients had worked the week of not included in the attack rate analysis. June 14, and all but one had worked on No significant differences were found in June 14 or 15. Thirteen of the patients attack rates by age and sex. Patients' ages 'tied contact factor which worked on only these two days. Four pa- ranged from 15 to 69 years. Twelve (43 per •xan:uie, had hand, wrist. tients were new employees who had just cent) of the patients were males and 16 ,e cori<day. started working that week. None of 15 (57 per cent) were females. The sex ratio 9C0180 , -,i .I.' ter. . ; • 144 ANDERSON. SPOES7, AND hMVMA:NN 1 ! l 1 l- Q ] 2" rT1Y t. • D t:ii:: ... it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 9 `011 Q 1314.5161=1819 2021222324252627282930 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 8 9 I"1�1 JUN JUL y$t}'- FDATES WHEN TURKEYS PROCESSED , O C0NFIRMED PSITTACOSIS (TITER>1 16 AND > 4-FOLD TITER CHANGE) u, PRESUMPTIVE PSITTACOSIS (TITER >116 AND <4-FOLD TITER CHANGE) 1 COMPATIBLE ILLNESS (TITER ≤ 18 9R SERUM NOT TESTED) 5 FIGURE 1. Confirmed and suspected psittacosis cases in employees of a poultry processing plant. Ne- . braska. June 1976. TABLE 3 single central Texas (lock were suspected Psvtmo d.v ateui•nee by department az empluvers as the -otlt'ce of infection. 'Die turkeys .`'�. .. u'orktng June 1,1-15.Nebraska poultry processed on other (lutes in .June had come x s recessing plant' t • __ p from Nebraska and bans.k-ansas. The turkeys .'± v' Department ND "fen' No otcaes processed on June 14-15 had a higher I. plDyeee condemnation rate ('2.7 and 3.6 per cent) --- kill and pick 11 4 Clint ) ti 3 thin any the other flocks i≤1._ per Evisceration 41 It :Wl .. Packaging 16 1 13.51 cent)processed that month I table 41. While Evisceration and packaging( 9 S(561 this was not considered to be an unusually Other 18 n high condemnation rate by either the K .y Total - -- -- --..-.95„ '! 8--- plant manager or the USDA inspectors at ' Excludes one patient who did not work these the plaint- it was higher than the 1.3 per w two dates. cent condemnation rate for breeder turkey ' Percentages in parentheses. °i - hens observed over a six-month period t t Includes employees who worked in both depar[- n menu the plant in 197:1. The condemnation rata for air sacculitis in the turkeys -I iugh in the case group was virtually identical tered on June 14-15 was 1.4 per cent coin- to that for all employees in affected depart- paired with 0.3 per cent for breeder turkey ments. bens in 1975. • Occurrence of infection was also not Prior to shipment of the Texas tut related to duration of employment. The for slaughter. the flock was inspected at patient group had a median duration of the request tit the owner for clinical ev) employment of 21 months (range 14 days dense of infection. :Ind serum specimens to 26 years) compared with 24 months for were obtutned front Ii of hill))) hens and all employees -five of 5(lll toms for serologic is testing= No ' nurse o/ infection. The plant had re- evidence of clinical disease was observed sumed processing of oultr on June 3 in the flock. and none of the -ermn s I Li - P g p Y - p'� " ` following its normal period of seasonal mess had detectable Ch[cttin'tiiu antibody x't inactivity and had processed turkeys on hL' direct CF testing. .All of the birds were only five days prior to onset of illness in then shipped to the plant in Nebraska for "k the employees on June 21 (figure 11. Be- processing_ cause the incubation period for psittacosis Subsequent to t he Nebraska outbreak. is generally four to 15 days, the turkeys the Texas farm was revisited and :18 re- 3 • processed June 14-15 which were from a pl.•Icement breeder birds on the premises t.. 900180 PSTratOsls {II Tni(KAK IN E MA),_.r5 OF TCItKEY•I'Rt)t SSINCI PLANT 1.1 were serologically tested: none of' these ['he incidence of both seropositivity '(. had detectable Chlann•din antibody. At titer ≥1:16) and clinical psittacosis w: this time it was found that two breeder not significantly different between worE- hens from the incriminated flock were still ers in the three departments. The compa: on the premises. Roth birds had a Chia- ability of departmental attack rates we 6'r'9 9 mydiu antibody titer of 1:32. At necropsy, compatible with aerosol transmission, he JUL lesions consistent with psittacosis '-vere did not rule out other routes of infection observed in the two birds, and included Direct facial exposure to-potentially it mild to moderate pericarditis, air sacculi- fec•tious sfrays of poultry hlosd and oth,- -r' tis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and per- tissues, with invasion via the conLunctiv •,NGE) itonitis. Chlamvdin organisms were iso- or respiratory tract, was another potentiu lated from both birds by mouse inoculation route of infection. Approximately one-hai' processing plant, Ne- of pooled spleen. pericardium and air sac 28. of the 57 processing employees in th' tissues. study group reported such exposure. Usi n._ Route of injerliun. Possible routes of the Mantel-Haenszel test (8), the associn- !lock were suspected infection were evaluated using both CF tion of infection with exposure to the action. The turkeys titers X1:16 and reported illness as indices sprays and skin contact with poultry ti.- des in dune had come of infection. The study population for this sues was compared. Kansas. The turkeys analysis consisted of 57 employees who Regardless of contact coefficient. neith(:: 14-15 had a nigher had worked the week of June 14 and had the incidence of seropositivity (CF triter 7 and :3.6 per cent) been serologically tested. Six employees 1:16) or clinical psittacosis had a signitl ter flocks (.5_1.2 per who had worked the week of June 14 but cant correlation with facial-_exposure ionth (table 4). While had a history of psittacosis prior to 1976 sprays of poultry tissue rta_hles 5 and '. •:t to be an unusually were not included in the study group. The incidence of seropositivity in empld,._ rate by either the The 57 employees worked in three de- ees with a high contact coefficient of 10 • USDA inspectors at partments—killand pick, evisceration, was significantly greater than in the-' her than the 1.3 per and packaging. The kill and pick depart- with a low contact coefficient of 0-9 (Mar .Ie for breeder turkey ment received air flowing from the eviscer- tel-Haenszel test: p <0.02). The incident., six-month period at ation and packaging area. Employees of of clinical psittacosis, however, was nd, c condemnation rate this department also helped in cleaning of significantly different between the tw the turkeys slaugh- the evisceration 2nd packaging area at contact groups I Mantel-Haenszel test: p sus 1.4 per cent corn- the end of the work day. 0.09), of for breeder turkey ' the Texas turkeys rA°" 1 .I - Cuncierr m mtnn rolls for!ur.kers by,lmch, e'relate, Nebraska pnttIlry processini plant -cn was inspected at crier for clinical evi- ' s No nmdemu Ih d.ru.e _ -- Doe tw x[ —_.- - ____ - - Total - a !lead Tutao T . .' rid serum speci , rec : itd ''q nu and d Air acculitrs Other condemned an arrival toxemia IS of 6000 hens and rrulog]C testing. No dune "p1M1 II s 12 26 'I.'2,` :1 29 :1.2, June 4 32:19 to 9 24 11)11.21 1 41 I l.2• ii-ease was observed .Ernes 4321 3'r 1 s 31 .0 -, n 31 do 7. r of the serum speci- June )4t 3129 49 25 12 56 '2.7: 28 114 i 4.1 �. 1 .hianlvdia antibody June 15Y 3923 -19 63 119 r3.6d 13 132 I4_ni All of the birds were June '2 2778 It 7 12 3011.0 8 3811 41 tiara in Nebraska for June?; 1552 5 7 211 4111.2: r, 17 ') : June 28 x1.1 0 o I:1 12 10211 14 27 II June 29 3300 I I 11 12 10 21 15 /0 • Nebraska outbreak, June:lu 3704 4 II 9 11 :0_;1 I u :n-1: revisited and 38 re- ' Peirce nt d t= in pm rrtlhese•=. Iris on the premises F .Turkey shipments implicated as the saline nt itth't'tion. 900180 h. c. 146 ANDERSON. STOESZ AN. .AUFMANN TABLE 5 illness. with a minimum interval of 14 sernpo iuruv`Incidencenlpr ,.sinCcny,6rv,ecby days between the first and last specimen contact ureLicunit and facial exposure to--.prnvz(if collected. A minimum of 22 days elapsed poultry bland and tissue/lords Nebraska poultry between clinical onset and collection of 1 ..: processing plant _ _.__ the last serum specimen. All five patients Facial __ Contact coefficient had a CF antibody titer of 1:8 to 1:16 in at e:3 + ? exposure tin �k.' „�3 , to sprays )-s 10-50 Total least one serum specimen, but none had a rr rn�' . No 7/18139D' 9/11 (821 16(29156) fourfold titer change. .v Y' Yes 4/9 144) 14/19'74) 18/28164) All fivepatients with unconfirmed psit- : � Total 11/27 (41) 23/301771 34/57 i 60 tacosis received 1 gm of tetracycline orally + .� ` CF antibody titer≥1:16. each day for a minimum of 10 dy"a s The No of seropositive employees,No. of employee. antimicrobial therapy was initiated on the having comparable contact coefficient and facial 3� third day of illness in three instances and f exposure ,t-H tf� a ' on the ninth day in two. TABLE 6 All 22 patients having confirmed pitta k,' Psittnrosd.s"incidence in processing employees by cosis also received a comparable therapeu- contpot Iimnt and facial fluiexposure to sprays of tic regimen of tetracycline. Therapy was ' poultry brood and tissue fluids. Nebraska jr/.. , . poultry plant initiated within three days of onset in eight patients, on the fourth to sixth day Facial Contact coefficient exposure of illness in 10, and seven or more days r' ! o sprays s o-to Total after onset in four. The number of illness Y - No d/18'3314 8/111731 14/291481 days prior to collection of the first serum L z.t Yes 3/9 133) 9/19(74) 12/23 '431 specimen and interval between collection 4r .y+ Total 3:11 1-1301571 26/57 146)9127 / _ — --- of serum specimens were comparable in " Cases classified as confirmed, presumptive and both the confirmed and unconfirmed case compatible groups.' No. of psittacosis cases/No. of employees with 1 tcomparable contact coefficient and facial exposure The illness in the confirmed and uncon- p� (') firmed patient groups was similar. If all e these patients had psittacosis as sus- The study population included ?4 par peeled. the discrepancy in serologic re- f _ p ity tients who hid chest x-rats during the spouse cannot be readily explained by dif- A,r t9 r' ' course of their illness. Fourteen_of_these_ ferences in tetracycline therapy, the tim- 'x'. '''' ¢� had pulmonary infiltrates detectable by x- in of serologic evaluation, or severity of ray, and the occurrence of such an infil- clinicalillne•s. a • zb trite was significantly associated with Economic .osse.e. The cost of the nut- �W y.t contact of freshly killed turkeys prior to break in terns of medical expenses and t1' t rL • chilling. Twelve of 15 patients 180 per lost wages was considerable. Claims for } rS cent) having contact with turkeys prior to medical expenses totaling $10.478 were 7r; + _e chilling had infiltrates, compared with two submitted to the company by 25 of the 28 of nine 122 per cent) having contact with patients Medical expenses averaged $419 .• It.. ° chilled turkey carcasses (Fisher's exact I range$18-$2244). The cost of medical care n� '�' test. two-tailed: p = 0.01). No association for the three remaining patients is not " 5' was found between the occurrence of de- known, although all three had consulted ° ` tectable pulmonary infiltrates and facial a physician. exposure to splattered poultry tissues. The actual work days lost by 25 of the Serologic response in //limn/lamed 23 patients totaled 408 Imean 16, range 0- cases. Two or more serum specimens were 94). Because many patients were absent } obtained from five patients who had a from work on their doctor's orders for F k compatible but serologically unconfirmed convalescence subsequent to clinical recov- ' + +t r,sz gig, :r,;.:, x 900190 � r• r it 'j. PSITTACOSIS OG['BREAK IN EMPLOYEES OF TURKEY-PROCESSING PLANT 147 pum interval of 14 ery. days of work loss exceeded actual also not correlated with incidence of pul- 1 and last specimen days of illness. The total wage loss was monary infiltrates in psittacosis patients I of 22 days elapsed $8650. with the loss being partially re- Whether our observations are statistical it and collection of couped by workmen's compensation pay- artifacts or indicate a more complex epi- en. All five patients I ments totaling $235.5. The two remaining demiology of this disease than commonly •r of 1:8 to 1:16 in at employees would have missed work days thought warrants further study in future •nen, but none had a except that their illness occurred while on outbreaks. We were unable to find reports vacation and after quitting the job, respec- of psittacosis outbreaks in poultry process- 'h unconfirmed psit- tively. One of these individuals was ill ing workers which analyzed risk factors ,f tetracycline orally eight days and the other seven. in a comparable manner. :um of 10 days. The Other related losses such as cost of In 1974, several psittacosis outbreaks in was initiated on the transportation to physician's offices, work poultry processing plants were traced to three instances and loss by family members caring for pa- turkeys raised in Texas. To reduce risk ::ht 0. ! tients, and expense to the company for infection from processing infected flocks. ng confirmed psitta- recruiting temporary replacement workers the USDA developed a control program at imparable therapeu- were not determined. An increase in the that time based on flock certification and -cline. Therapy was company's premium for liability and work- chlortetracycline treatment (7). This pro- o days of onset in men's compensation insurance was also gram required that Texas turkey flocks be fourth to sixth day anticipated. inspected for clinical evidence of infection seven or more days 10 to 14 days prior to slaughter, with blood he number of illness Dtscusstocr samples being collected randomly from 11, in of the first serum Inhalation of infectious aerosols_is, birds for CF testing. In practice. the blood between collection clearly the primary route of infection for samples were collected from unhealthy-ap- .vere comparable in most psittacosis patients. The comparable pealing birds rather than randomly, en- nd unconfirmed case attack rates in employees who worked in der the assumption that such birds would the three processing departments was con- be more likely to have serologic evidence confirmed and uncon- sistent with aerosol transmission. Some of of infection. Turkey flocks having clinical s was similar. If all our findings, however. were difficult to evidence of psittacosis or containing bird:- psittacosis as sus- explain on this basis. with a CF titer of 1:32 were required to acy in serologic re- All persons working in the processing undergo treatment with chlortetracycline- iily explained by dii- i departments had potential aerosol expo- medicated feed 1200 gm per ton) for 21 ne therapy, the tim- sure. but we found that employees with days. Following a 48-hear withdrawal pe- iation, or severity of higher contact coefficients had a signifi- Hod. the flock was re-inspected for evi- candy higher incidence of seropositivity dence of clinical disease before being cer- i the cost of the out- and a higher. though not significantly. tilled for slaughter. -cdical expenses and incidence of clinical psittacosis. Also, the The above program has been intermit- 'tierable. Claims for psittacosis patients who worked in the tently enforced since 1974. The lack of soling $10.478 were processing stages prior to chilling of the outbreaks in workers processing turkey- many by 25 of the 28 turkey carcass had a significantly higher certified under this program has been senses averaged $419 incidence of pulmonary infiltrates. claimed to he proof of its success. However. re -.-ost of medical care The above discrepancies could have been the current outbreak involved turkeys cer- ning patients is not due to differences of infectious aerosol con- tilled in an identical fashion although three had consulted ce! ation at various points along the done on a voluntary basis. pn, -=ing line. Assuming that facial One major pitfall of the certification is lost by 25 of the split ing with turkey tissue might re- program is the small number of birds iS mean 16. range 0— fleet this, we were not able to correlate examined serologically. Assuming random patients were absent facial splattering with increased risk of distribution of infection and random sam- doctor's orders for infection in either the high or low contact piing, a sample of 10 birds could be de- ment to clinical recov- coefficient groups. Facial splattering was pended on to detect an infected flock with 300180 • .e. !! 4,h- - - - - - - - - 1.18 \K DF,RSUA, S .i7. AND KALIFV1,WN 95 per cent cnnlidenco, only if the infection btltlwl�' it is transmitted het�ceen ,f ' rate exceeded 25 per cent. Whether selec- i� unccrta n Wild birds such is ,iea 4 five collection of blood samples from ap- 33re suspected to play .t sign tiic.tnt ru. i parently ill turkeys results in increased this regard. efficu a y of , mphng has not been ode REFERENCES r ‘3,,,"'"--3° quattly CFalUdted. I Mover KF' tlrmthost In U, . e of ' - - F rth edition. Edited h! HE Ili In�pectutn for clinical evidence of mfec- y -- Schr,arte. Ames. Iowa Slate Unt, r n -". on can rise he confounded by chlortetra lyh:, r ' for control of nonspecific l ndre,e. 7VI. The importance I pit. , disease feeding p the Unitedstate, J Am Vet Med A e ' � ^ disease. 'rile tetracycline may prevent S K to 195 readily detectable signs of disease but not 2 I, n Jr Sullivan ID, Rower, I (nn.-, II: h. l m wu,k,nc .• r / jT�t`. infection Ili. p iLC,cn-r ,nithnv. from i ,fl 6i v.' or chickens. Am •I Public Healy.The control ptoeraln developed by 9'37. 1951 USDA rnav well have value in reducing merfi.• rn e , , Cantrol Atnrf, h, rrvkforproce5-mg plant worker~ Whether taller week] Rep 1> , t 1985 t� , ; he current outbreak might have been 5. Uu,lee [ t Pullen vFVI form,,, ft t , - Human p ,R ,e,.,"� 5e, .l, I with . . py .t r x1. �_-. prevented if the infection had been de- procrt—on r iurktc .t :gym vet %lc.: � I. A; tected in the flock prior to slaughter and 8 Fu.t hiI »_ 1975 -';I:i. P. is Ii Burn an u, FNI HendrIts"�1.. I ut n, k ..�r ! the birds treated with chlortetracycline tRru rrl 5 ,. in ,he Coned I S,utt...., I ,hu unknown. abattoir Is .ivied di .,-t•. Pmt II 'r: • The heel apai-ogc•h to contl'tilltn�lz=,flit- oKv ❑nd evidence li r acynrrerl imnwm.'. t one 5:{ I2 'l4 19-1 COS: at (ht'_ttlrkey-prOC PSSIn“ pJ Int level 7. Walker I V. Hand K 1 t sa SF- e t would he eradication of the dicease in atm. sea„ Federal lurked u,nuh '- - tuikty llnfortun,ttely the tpi�notnilol;y Furey. Cee, . 19sa Ae„n ui.e , � _�� ISrh I, nt Lhe disease in turkeys it maim poorly e_ vhnu 1 N. Haem,e l W Slott t. l : o und .tool. The fill-, Nt is npp.,ri ntly_ th n,lt ',.' ol dnr, It n, lettispeelo. -pt t ,d by aerosol within an tnfectt d flock, d dlxt ,se. .I Nall C.IIIeei last. 22 719_--,8 t4 1 "t # tie.,•: .7 �,, -./..t.,',4f.:.- )t 4'1 `:,. 'r a r >r I t.F , .. 3 C; NA L a s '..03.' 4: » .P . 900180 4 Kt ^tyT -- t µ I I Y. ta. 1 V. •1'e I G. Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report January 8, 1982 / Vol. 30 i No. 52 pp. 638-640 Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Psittacosis Associated with Turkey Processing — Ohio -An outbreak of psittacosis occurred among employees of an Ohio turkey-processing plant in July 1981. Approximately 27 of the plant's some 90 employees were ill; 3 were hospital- ized. Turkeys being slaugntered at the plant were the probaole source of infection, but no specific group of birds could he implicated. Most patients had an illness characterized by weakness, headache, fever, chills, and cough. To a lesser extent. patients had photophobia, conjunctival suffusion, generalized joint pains, stomach cramps and diarrhea. Eight patients who had chest X rays showed evidence of pneumonia consistent with psittacosis. Paired serum specimens from 27 workers were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to chlamydial group antigen. Of 15 workers who had recently had an illness compatible with psittacosis, 7 had a 34-fold titer rise, and 5 had a titer of 316 in at least 1 specimen. Of 12 workers who had not recently had a compatible illness, none had a significant titer change. Single serum specimens were obtained from 29 other workers 1 to 3 days after onset of the last-recognized case in the employee group. Eight of 11 workers in this group who had re- cently had illness compatible with psittacosis had a titer of 316; 2 of 18 who had not had such an illness had a titer _?-16. The plant, which operates approximately 40 hours,week. 10 months a year,processes tur- keys only, which are delivered by truck from various locations, slaughtered, and defeathered on the day of arrival in the "kill-pick" area. Then they are conveyed on a continuously moving line into the evisceration area, where deep tissues are exposed, the birds are inspected and trimmed, edible organs are removed. and the remaining inedible internal and external parts are discarded. Because_mastimoloyees worked In various job stations in several departments on a glyen day, a.was_.difficult_to_assess the relative importance of respiratory, skin, and conjunctival exposure. However, the attack rate by work department was significantly higher for workers in the kill-pick and evisceration areas than in other deoartments of the plant(Fisher exact test, 1-tailed, p=0.0001). F.LLthermore, there was no apparent correlation between degree of skin exposure and clinical psittacosis, suggesting that infections were the result of aerosol trans-iii. mission or that multiple routes of exposure may have been involved. �I_ Turkey-condemnation __. rates were analyzed in an effort to identify a specific flock or flocks that were the source of infection. The mean condemnation rate for turkeys in May-July 1981 (1.30.) was similar to that in May-July 1980 (1 7 -). Turkeys from 37 flocks were slaughtered in the period June 21 July 13, 1 981, the suspected period of exposure to Chiamydia psirtaci Birds from 8 flocks that were slaughtered on 7 different days during this period had a con- demnation rate 2-fold higner than average ,Figure 11. However, investigations by public health veterinarians in the states of origin for these girds revealed no evidence of psittacosis at the implicated sites. Reported by Tat-Won Kiln, .14O, g Morris. MD. Harrison, CT gear DVM ,Halpin, MO, State Epidemiolo- gist, Ohio Dept of Health: JM Shu/er DVM CL Barrett. MD. Stare Epidemiologist, Indiana Board of Health.RJ Martin, DVM 51.1 Francis, 140. State Epidemiologist. Illinois Dept of Public Health:JI Freeman, DVM. .LIP Hines. DVM State Epidemiologist. North Carolina Dept of Human Resources; JM Arnold, DVM Wisconsin Dept of Agriculture. JP Davis. MD, State Epidemiologist Wisconsin Dept of Health and Social Svcs.Meoicai Br N/OSH Bacteria,Zoonoses Br Bacterial Diseases Div. Center for Infectious Dis- eases, CDC. Editorial Note: The last reported outbreak of psittacosis at a turkey-processing plant in the United States occurred in Neoraska in June 1976 (I! Twenty-eight of the plant's 98 employ- ees were affected. The outbreak in 1976 and 5 other outbreaks in 1974 were related to the slaughter of retired-breeder birds from Texas r2) Following the psittacosis outbreaks among turkey-processing plant employees in 1974, the U.S Department of Agriculture. in conjunction witn state and local agencies, implemented SC0180 FIGURE 1. Confirmed and suspected psittacosis cases• among employees of turkey processing plant, oy date of onset, Ohio,June 21-July 26, 1981 cf mar, 6 0 xp g[pOt041C rCSi5 OONC 5 I 0NY ILOCR5 XnN 1xc P[p5[p CONO[NNPf1QN R[[ES SLAUSM56660 a s Ill I l 0 21 23 25 27 29 1 ] p T 9 II 13 15 IT 19 21 2] 25 JUN JUL 'One case omitted-onset date unknown. a temporary preslaughter screening and control program for turkeys from Texas.However, in the outbreak described here, no specific source of infected turkeys could be identified, and there were no reports of psittacosis outbreaks at other turkey-processing plants.Therefore, a program similar to that conducted in Texas is not warranted. Public health officials and physicians practicing in communities with turkey-processing plants should be aware of the possibility of sporadic outbreaks of psittacosis among plant employees so that a diagnosis can be made and appropriate therapy instituted promptly. References 1. Anderson DC, Stoesz PA, Kaufmann AF. Psittacosis outbreak in employees of a turkey-processing plant.Am J Epidemiol 1978;107:140-8. 2. CDC.Turkey-associated psittacosis—Nebraska.MMWR 1976:25:301-2. 9001808423 Tuesday 2:20 Psittacosis among Employees of Turkey-Processing Facilities, Minnesota Katrina Hedberg, K.E. White, J.A. Kor/ath, C. W. Hedberg, K. L.MacDonald, M. T. Osterho/m In the period June-November 1986, an outbreak of psittacosis occurrec among workers in turkey-processing facilities in southwestern Minnesota total of 172 clinical cases were identified. Of these. 70 (41%) were confirmec cases (a fourfold rise in titer of antibody to Ch/amydia), 40 (23%) were probable cases (single convalescent-phase titer of : 32), and 62 (36%) were possible cases (clinical symptoms only, no detectable antibody). Outbreak-associate( cases occurred in three turkey-processing plants, one rendering plant�om turkey farm, and one "further-processing" plant where previously eviscerates carcasses are deboned and other consumer products are produced. Althougl previous outbreaks among employees of processing plants, rendering plants and farms have been documented, outbreaks among employees of further processing plants have not been documented. The attack rates (ARs) of con firmed and probable cases for specific areas of the facilities are as follows processing-plant eviscerating area, 33%; processing-plant live-hang area, 29%:rendering-plant feather area, 11%; and the turkey farm, 46%. Thirty-one con lirmed and probable cases were identified among employees in the further processing plant. Of these- 28 persons worked on the deboning lines (AR = 13%), two worked in the mink room (AR = 40%), and one worked on the clean-up crew for the deboning area (AR = 25%). Identifying illness in Eh( further-processing plant demonstrates that workers at risk of contracting psit tacosis are not limited to those who have direct contact with the lungs and ai sacs of infected birds, but include workers who have contact with previousle eviscerated carcasses. 3:05 Fatal Occupational Injuries due to Electric Shock, Virginia Jacob E.Jones, C. W.Armstrong, C.D. Woolard, G. B. Miller Fatal occupational injuries due to electric shock cause many years of poten tial life lost (YPLL). Previous studies of electrical fatalities have used death certificate (DC) data, but none to our knowledge have used data from worker', compensation files (WCFs). To assess the usefulness of WCFs in a descriptive study of occupational injury from electric shock, we analyzed both DCs any WCFs. For the years 1977-1985, i96 work-related electrical fatalities were identified. We identified 186 from DCs and 95 from WCFs (85 appeared it both systems). The median age at death was 29 years, with a mean of 31 YPLL The annual death rate was 0.9/100,000 employed workers, and death rates were highest for male workers in utility companies (2.8 deaths/year, rate = 11.6/100,000/year), coal mining (1.8 deaths/year. rate = 7.5/100,000/year)_ and construction industries (6.3 deaths/year. rate = 4.1/100.000/year). For T deaths, WCFs provided additional details of employment. Workers employed 2 years accounted for 49 (64°A,l deaths. Computerized WCFs (available 1980-1985) allowed analysis of 350 electric-shock injuries (73 fatal and 277 non- fatal). Preliminary analysis showed that utility-industry workers were 3.9 times more likely to die from their electrical injuries than other workers (75% vs 19%, p < 10°). This study targets utility workers as the highest-risk group rot electrical fatalities in Virginia. Although WCFs provided only 43%of the fatali- ties in this study, they did provide employment details not available from DCs WCFs may be helpful as an adjunct data source in future injury studies. 'n 200180 ,;,,, X. K / , r. , • r '� ' Cold urt lc n Urteia dologs i f ,I X,.a �' b . 1J pl na,4.X1124:21:15, .%4-5, ' VI I'. 3 V•, Kt' cold bl • aof 6from,4dV 13, t resembling,6,1X11 I3y Colds i,11:2 3 1:VIB I1 ti disease causing,l 31122 over-the-counter pill:.hrpxrlens ern ntf,12,'III'Y15 Raton'.+-.I n n I.u.ertnrn „ , 2X1115. t 5:111S-13 and,1:0116 causing, dimes,(manifwmt.0 7.30 7 0•311 tor.>111.12-13 nausea 12[3'.ld.I Dim i _rev'. viruses, using,7:%X11-6-7, iS:1,5.12:V17711 n, prevention �[ deficiency,5.11111-13 2X%%11117 18 fever].%XN B,Il"�' 14 • reuses(table),5:111:12 Cnleslid e Colestipol diagnosis,12:11((070-11 12:13'variants. diagnosis.511111-13 C lesbpu I 1:3111:3-1,9:11.' 9,10:1A'4 differential,IV I a '111'54;X11:2 1 ,IP i 1consequences, 'sG`_, dose in renal failure 1011328 divential, bleeding. g ulopoi s ineffective.5:111:11, 'q" Colisnmelh c ,7 Xil':41 divert colitis,4:X1(3 Coagulation,blood, lla 5:011:9 b.' batten resistant to.Ja7a2,29 scracning procedvies and 1 t me VI0.3,4. las-t I 1 - subacute um acute co5:111:9,11,12 bsanemia,degeneration dosage,JX111:26-2." surve0lantt,CTiH° 121:6, +- ti -a lector number and opath� 5 1119 11 12 ` d effects.E:26-27 41,(0:,11.6,(lax 1:N:8-9 4:X.5,4.X014. name \'I I rt - b cuterammed 1:11.1 : 11 Colistin,sec Cohstimethate 7-8,12:,111.10-I1 X1.4 nom lymphocyte,thou taan0. or spinal cord,5 111:1I 11:\'113 � �t' Colitis,see also Gastroenlerocolitis ecology and epidemm0b0SY- a111:: 1+ tongue and 51111'_ s antibiotic-associated,7:118 l2:VIR:9-l0 (table), role in thrombusI lnnzti in 1:X`:1111 tongue and penor I kin BehGet s syndrome and.15:111:14 acrylonitrile expos tests ion5:0116-10 disorders,2X:13-14,5:11111,13 Campylobacter infection 7:1111,12 CpM;V02 t.Ise aF list _.s.4114-45 ieemcnt 5:111.13 granulomatous,see Crohn's disease diet,12:C4.12:VM:9-10 aXRC4. 9\'1:'-1,35, metabolism,5:10:8-11 hemorrhagic.Eschvichw coil 0157[H7 predisposing conditions,hemostatic mechanisms. ! bsor tion.43(1:1,511110 12:16,12VID.10 aia, 'thrombosis P causing,]:77:9.10 5, yions, 15 ondi eons and drugs intertenng '�s ischemic 410:4 CroMbdtsease, diagrams', .,t c differential diagnosis, herpes simplex 0 infection,7:X1:6 wtih(with licaci inhibitors i 5:01.1-2,35,vmLw interaction with folic add 5:111!5-10, '` 15:163 Aletco F 4 is ICmhn's disease,4:10.13 827, _M1:N9 platelets .\I:i-b 12 diverticulitis,4:X115 1 adenomi r7,u11Ls, test, (t 5:0B-10 lI Cobalt environmental standards, �� ulcerative colitis,4:111:4 I 4 3-4 5' aim P0lyposls CTMV11'6 mucous 4ivec-10 12Vm.l0,sa., normal plasma less,of tailors Cocaine,addiction, 13:VI:5 ' (atile) 5:0 1disorders, psepseudomeinrus,sa EntH(CoIIR, familial yofybaclertiva Coagulation Po function unctio disorders: abuse,9-10,13:V and withdrawal, �fb. p 4:1rlembranous Streptococcus 819-10,13 VIS spastic,4:m�10 7 Ll]-1b 32VIR1 also Platelet enous todbos s cardiovascular effects 1:01:29, ulcerative, ' diesel-12.15' pso spr Venous thrombosis;saCIM:1:9 also specihc the 1.X1,:3,e.I 9-10,131.,1, ranical cis of disease(table),4:10:2 sedentary t l2.N:10,12,81:]'4-15 approach to the patient,5:,1:11 fo infarction.(cr ),8(:9,1, 'sL s clinical manifestations,4:10:1 management,free-base form(crack),8.19,13.,15 diarrhea,4:111:10 adjuvant therapy,6:VID:7, 1 acquired,on. overdose,8:1:9-10,13:015 12:V111:15 - quire-, :11133-30 complications,4:N7-9 thobwl° 12:II:7,E:m:9, si ns SX -e occidia strychnine e:l oa1 ankvlosing spondylitis,4:IV:10 pa gY -ilia s¢C t ndiumasospom antithrombin III deficiency and. 12:V111:12-13 102 Coca rY7 psF° -- and psis,l2 cis s:X::� r°gn transtusio hell, disscrmulanunta\11'-34 _ 1:X5,4.10 staging5,1611-14 Cocci-ioidi mired-is,7:1X:4-7 arthritis,increased d nsk12 12:noe 12: uvgul :V74,35 4:108-9. <ardncesbV1n:11antigen,6:Wl'2. Coaidioidin skin test,]:1X:4.7 cancer,increased risk, 11 13-14 drug-inducedm 5,531.3512:1:6 X 3 ° 1ias,5:111'5.35, -et-Cal-Manifestations. amymats n[Xg_b„.,.. diverticulitis,4:X113-6 dvsp rnnated disease,hotis.J:1X:6- 5.!X:3,9,10 c4cbn arch celiac and,i g,4 diverticulosis,4:X0:1-2 hem:01.40 chronic expanding, disseminated ]:1X:6-7 hemorrhage, sclerosing,4aR:9 dvsplasia evaluation,4:109}\ 4,1411 meningitis, 7:IXb 7.X11 6-7 hemorrhage,4.1119 irritable,4:019-10 mmmg+cs,7:IX6:6,7:X I:3 immune complex injury,6:W-31 _. II inhibitors, guvnis). iriti5,4:N9 mega-, ( m1,5:,119 -40. X,811:7. osteomyelitis, onary dis,assIXG 7:X,1:3 pulmonary disease.].IXS-6 + her disease,4:W:9-10,4:V111:1 Chagas'disease causing,7:%%X10:16 it}.11,disease,severe, eve ,4:::10:9-5 •.� toxic,4:rv74 live5N1:3539,44 ,mlX 9, diagnosis.a7I,77 pen lesion,4:N`8 perforation ulcerative colitis and. VI fibrin49 differential, X5t6I skin lesions,4:109 4:1116 _ ry fin olvss 5',1:38,M • -n immunosuppr path host,]1X:5.7 ephthous ulcers,2X 12 4.N9 prim 7:1X:4-5 epidermolul is s,1X:12,4: i9 polyps°f 4:XllI2�t vitamin k deft treatment, 7:1X:d pathology, adeno f,4:X1dnama association, .treatment,7:XXX1 11-1220 21X:8 adenoma -cardnom,120:5,7, vva in K deficiency,S.V 1:313-35 Cocddiosis,7:%%X1,:11-12 hereditary i5s ab?9-13 erythema nodosum,4109 124:X1113-2VIIC10 lib Ivtic abnorm Sties,5:,1:33 Codeine: PY°dPrt1'a gangrenosum sebaceous gland and aldti h emopctia A.5:,130.33,44 abuse.addiction.and withdrawal, • stricture, 41V,4:N:9 neoplasms and,2X1:2,1%0:17 hemophilia B'Christmas disease). 13:,8:3-4 _ 7 sMcture.4:10:9 pseud°polyps,ulcerative colitis and, an rinaurtiri 2:111°, hails),4:I118 5:01:33es5: aggravating 4:1:3 von(tab Wilebran doseoverdorenaI:78failure,10:0:\70 toxic rnegacolon,4:107-8 screening,CfM:V10:3,4 von V1,2930 , disease, in pain etroli diagnosis, stricture of,ulcerative colitis amusing, ahc disorders in pain control,with h ot11 7 '' amebusis,7:X%%10:10-11 4:10:9 he thrombosis (hypercedispole compared wrth other narcotic drugs barium contrast x-ray,4:1:3 surgery chemoprophylaxis,7:XR':46, th t bo is 0hvperc e (miles:,XXV:1CTM:I7.10 Il colonoscopy,4:10 3-4 7 XXI5 states).1:X0111:10-11,5:01:40-4.3, Coenurosis,7:%%X11 17 differential,4.10 4-5 III Coln°uc°py,see also Sigrrtoidoscopy se.also Thrombosis'see alw specific Cotfee,see also Caffeine _ Cnmpulobacrcr)ejuni 7:11:11,12 beadiagnosing gastrointestinal d.a coffee-worker's lung 14:,':18 Crohn's disease 4:103,12 bleeding,4:X5 anhthrombin Ill deficiency, pancreatic cancer and,12:1:4,120111:5 3'. (tables)4:10:4,5,12 in diagnosing ulcerative colitis, 1X01011,10,5:1114!(-31 - I Cogan's syndrome,in1 - diverticulitis,4:X11:4 4:1113-4 drug 5\1]2 I C gen'a 15:VII1:8 -,s irritable bowel syndrome. in screening for polyps,4:Xll14-5, 1"st, n K a IX\811.1 :01 4 C igendn,see Beoct opine `�� 4:0-61 p,4111., 12:VIII 10 hen Nile uremic syndrome and Coke oven emissions.environmental rectal biopsy,4:IV:3 Colony-ionising units(CPU),5:1:2-5, thrombntic:hmmisoryto4+enm standards.1X:5 6 sigmoidoscopy,4:111.1 3 5y1P.1,ere nlao Colony-stimulating s.purpura.10:V'M1 Colchicine,15:7X:5 g, management,4:111:2,r7 factors hm in cot actor II deficiency,5:0141 dose in renal failure.10:11-A26 _ drug therapy,4:IV:55-7 -blast(CFU blast),5:1:2,3,4 homoev+tin n 5:01[42 side effects 35 lX B 9 surgery.4:10:10 _ -nophilia/CFU'Eol,5:1:4-5 lupus anticoagulant. I cobalamb)deficiency(table),5:1111^- •n psurgers,4:[V:7 -enrhmid(CPU-E1.5:L3,4,7,5:1117 5:,1:3`)-KIabnorm41,4-5 diarrhea,4.111:13 Collagen,15:1:2-3 _granulocyte(CFU-G),5:13,5 vun:gen abnormalities, Malabsorption,3:X7:13 acne scars and,2:1:7-8 -granulocvt e-erythroid-macrophage- P' mvopothy,ll.l n biosynthesis and genetic code.13:I:2-3 negakarvocyte ICFU-GEMM), l:XV111l,0:,5.45_ arthritis f 15:1 fi-9. also -:L 3,4,5,5:VII:I gouty ar �i` disorders°, _, and 111,50t 41-12 lies, I in treating:1X:3-1, . - sis genetic rotevi C.n I - Inido (acute-macro ha e(CFULM p 15:1X:3-I,a.6-91,amv ryecific disorder y,ra11 p g ' 410'_ _ 1� _0.115:,1. I I[ . 1SV111:1.1 gout _ !table(.9:10:9,15:1:6 Interval goutonic Il5:IX y5:1:'_.3.3,5,5:11B,5:0:4-5, lr syndrome,l:XV1IL1, - ,IA .t 11115A6 I interval tnfever( .2. bone,15:X1:1 5,119 9 Mc 11 n n fever s:X'.10. in a thrit 15 X:6 -in 1 na F e ICFU MI 5:1:5,5:0117 Cool bar I 15:A911s, ranhn his nl in rhrumalnld arthritis,15:11'-a _ „c arvx vie tCFlMg/.5:11 I-" sir 1 U I X:311t11.1-to cll 51:5,3,4,5:0 II g VIP( types tin 15:0:5 _I v alstandards,QM 111! I b, cirrhosis r41%91 hp-of It hl 1 15:1:5 I3 t I r ng)n t: vthroid C(1LU,z Chronic airflow ohstruct` _ Collagen vascular disease,se peed r (1111 II).5:0.4 ,S VA with (tilt ps m,;-, IUOI disorder 15g.lc disease,510:31-7"--- II er 1513,SV112 rut inn eczema I, ,v,BL ColMVIti,Agglutinin Colon,ere also I rl-' disease r,. t bin),activity.se 6 5r mA'I 7X1133 hs'. )11410.3 l leas Vimulatlng ladnr-13 Coat,It 1AII'_ iii-, Col.ih, til luumi,i,l uaxssin'1. aerobic h.ctua ,7:031 h„ 1 1X101. 900180 r XIIII antimicrobial stance ]X IV35,43 ertin time tl' antimicrobial sceptiblity,7 XIV:19, lJall 4,�-+ th n I { Hodgkin disease, XII.16.12:X1 h noon.. Ft. i1 XI:- }3 ` •coo,• Ic . •°' n had. lit'. acid by 1 at tFVIIfIJ,111-II. sac also Anti: 1 tic therapy ml 1 VIII>-� I ].XVIII.: .1:41-12 a 1111 Tem,.c I:5(111110.11. -[5 IU.11 drugs V 33.r1:X V 32.1:%VIII] in i t th Li r0- 5:V:5,7-8 pulmonary intechon caused by,7,11-21 1 aka ]XIA.1 n� irnl VIII.I Pscudnm 'It.]1I 930 i'rot 1 n J X2-3 1 PsnWom a 11 1111 antimicrobial Protein_- \ e t I pp Starvationinternational se d 1 XV111:6 in rood poisoning,811:3 e. XIV:3o 43 prolonged, d bit (venomous), resist ne .t y 6111withcirculating5nn titors. ra tPserdomn a vs d o Ile 71128-30 P t K n«ropathvsu• in by I -t Pseudo olvc,them:a,5:V:1,2['tof t ath �\119-.015:1V:o t ti, :1f2 ncirrhosis,.4Vll: : IlI:1 S-3Y tra^dermal drug patches.2:V.10-11 PsendoMnnmn1 anasekiasis caused by, uremic. 10:114,9,11 7:XXXV6 d t - v f 1 XVIIC 4,11,3:V I:41-42 in right-sided rolcoe estiv hpseudotumor cerebri,see Benign : { ont 'eF "sand,51141,42in rt a .ul•2 4 5.A110 pulmonary in right-sided one st ge,5:V five heist hag mti d.7:X:10,7:XXIP12 intracranial hypertension tests °o (ailure.l II:9 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum,9,IV:9,15:1:9 t firs, alveolar,see ick s one-,3 -VI:B-9 in I b Ilous skin disorders, Psittacosis,7X1116-7 As " 11%3 J 6,9 �j�. Pulmonary:1 alveolar pmt 2.10 �dwgnos 7:X111�v Pmt - rya 1Rill -e,[PIV52,lU VI'.l I pmto-orphy a rythroee genes n; differential 7'.7--7:XVi79 `. classification, I Pmtoporphvno. thr po nc.9:V,9-17 Pmanorectal gonorrhea 7:XXIL7 I etiology and epidemiology,7:XV 7:%IILI,6,oc rapt- a 10:1118,1c11 1:7-8 I Pro pratephyhyrinnn pinworm infection and,7XXXV2 sek gY °r prate poi t rip n 9 rph 2,11 I P tee nlw Chlamvdin psittnci (table), 30:Vf1 P be Pseudocoar tertusie Coar:Iati treatment, XIIP7]XIV:20,38 overdo and tubular,IO�III 8 in ervthropo tic protoporphvria.cond9;19-11 Pseudaoarctanon see Ca nation \�mlens sable) 10 III- free erythrocyte pmtoporphyrin,in Pseodogoup 15:IX:11-12 mmlens: len(methoxypsoralen)with accelerated lons associated lion i:VII:7S, anemu.5:11:8 chondroca)dnosis,hereditary,and, lmetavm)ethralen) 1 hypertension.l:VI7:18, protoporphvvnogen oxidase 15:1X:11 longwave ongwheralt ght.see 10:111:8 deficiency, .V:7 hvperparathvroidism and,311:4 g- Photosethoxy and 8-me[hoxy cmvlmdvei heart e,10:117 protozoan infections,7:X%X1V:1-20, pseudorosteoarthntis and, compounds,8-minhdermatitis and. congestive es mellitus, mIl1. , ,117, 15:LX:1R 13.15:5(3 2VID diabeteseris ,melnuo s0:1TM 8,10:V11:4 see also specific disease Pseudohermaphrodrnsm,male,3:106-7, amebae.free-living,I:XXXN:13 3111:3 oxso3len-ultra.2:111:10 exercise,strenuous,CPM:1,1:19 amebizsis.4:1:4-5,12-13, nxsonlen,2X:2 glomem1,3,7,8-9 10:171:8,l0:IV5, pseudohvperaldosteronism,1:V11:25 7:XXXN:,XX Psoriasis,2:111:1-16 101e en 7,5-9 babesiosis,i,7:X XI Pseudohvperkalathy 10:130 clinical manifestations and diagnosis,inheavy chain disease.S:IX:B balanndiasis,7:XXXN:12-73 Pseudohvperparathyroidism.3:VI:2,8 2:111:3-6 Korean eemorrhagicsf fever,7:5( PseudohypertroPhic dystrophy,11:1:2 hemorrhagic o:XXXI3 cocodios,s h:XXX 7:XXXN:13 arthritis,2111:5-6,15:111:12-13 coC prosiuridiuXN:1113. Pseudohyponatremtomsm,l0:L9 compared with othersemnegative multiple loma(Bence Jones Pseudohyponarathyri:1X3,3:VI:1,12 10proteins),5:IX:7,5,10:VIl:1. CrVpcosprridium,4:111:13.7:X1:8, pseudohvpopamthyroidism.3:Vlal-I2 spondylarthropathies(table), 7:XXXIV:7:12 P 15:IV:13 15:111:4 10:1V: ieutamaBelli,7:Xs. :XXXW:13 12 Pseudomm Noma, seenails,2:1115,615:11113 nephron syndrome,111:111:7,l t8 EnfopmoeM6.72122.7:%XXNa3 Pseudomembranoueenterocobtis,ou variants,211:3.2111:3_5,15:111:10 minimal-hange 9, ea 14,0:112 Enterocolitis,pseudomembranous Enro I o 7XXXV:7-9 pseudomonas aervginosa.7:11:17 etiology and epidemiology,1111:1-3 change disease 1Q1:2 si th hXXXN:7-0 AIDS and,1111:2,14,2:X11:14 pried progressive renal:V1173 helydiasis, antibiotic-resistant,7:XN3,23,29,32 nand failure ce10 sess, hel :X X infections contrasted with, 42,14:111:20 exacerbating factors and agents, Tire ho 2111:2-3,15 renal perineV 3 abscesses, impaired host and,7:X''3-1 antimicrobial-sensitive,6,19,23ive 741,35-36, genetic factors,2111:1,15:111:12 ]:5(X111:6 leishmaniasis,]:XXX1Va3-16 7:%IV:3,6,19,?3.29,29,33,35,36,37, (tablederm1.lS.V:3 7:XIX:6,7:XVIII:15,14:11120 histopathology,2:1113 malaria,]:XXXIV:3-b synergism, management,2111:7-14� (table),pto 1.1:7 - car 7:XW:in-gentamidn synergy day-care center thew ,21Il:10 drugs causing, Prceumaysfis cannii,sa Fungal ]:XN:5,23 rapmillama a :13 Sections, is investigational therapies,2111:14 toxoplasmrsis,7:XXX1V:1-3 other combinations,7:11:23,7:XN:6, phoNtherapy,2:Ill:8-72 pemnlo ineI:7 , 7XV49 photochemotherapy(psomlen), evaluation,cllin,Iabov,1RVla,sa also tryfriasomXsX. (table),7:XIV:2 Amman:(Chagas' d18 2111:10-12 2111:12-14 classification,above American(:16-17,disease), diaddictases asssciated 7:11:21, systemic drug therapy, asymptomatic finding,10:Il1:7,8. 7:XXXIV:16-17,&Vl'3 addict-associated infections, topical therapy,2:1!1:7-8 h hem23,7XVI:2,6,7:XV117:6-7 p' • Prom in renal lfalue,14:V1:8 1'A arthritis,7:XV:1,2 pathogenesis,2111:1-3 with nisms,1 u(tables),l0aII:10, dose fis, failure,lP.IlAI6 7:11:19-20,sec also skin prognosis,211135 10:N:4 bacteremia, Psychedelic drugs,in treating dying side effects,13:114 infections,below ' mechanisms,10:111/-8 Prowokiruse(scv-PA),S:V1:4 7:Il:73 patients.l3:N:4 Prnonsiamidat ant-i-f Proventil,set Albutemi bum infections' iet,13:N:4 :I1:1-18,sin also no and,15: anti-Inflammatory drugs ear infections,7:1124Psychiatric n see ess.sospm-18 disorder ads n teoarhrit Pnantu , XstuanLL7%N:19,37 otitis extema,malignant,7:X2, anxiety Psychosis;seeals1spe:13_16 PLAIDS and,2:X11:14 7:X7%:6 ioteus,7:11 7 15:X:6,7 AIDSonjun4 depression,13:111-8 in rheumatoid arthritis,15:[1:3endocanii5s,7:XVIIla,2,5,7,15,17 mania,13:11:8-11 Prntm,7obial in allergic conjunctivitis,contact addict-associated,7:1121, in allergic e¢,11.6,1 12,13 7:XVIII:6-7 schizophrenia,13d1:11-13 antimicrobial-resistant,7:XN:29 dermatitis,2V:fi, prosthetic valve,7:XV(I1:7 schizophrenlorm disorder, antimicrobial-sensitive,931..3211in anaphylaxis,6:V11:10 2X;8 13:11:11-12 23, 9,31,32,7:1122,I:5(N:3,19, P nail syndrome,2:111:13, 23,29, ge 32,33 in c o lesdermatitis,2:11:1.5-6 B�^ 11:V111:1-2,9-10,11,13, Psychoactive substance dependence, in cholestatic liver disease,2:X11:16 meningitis, 13:VC1-8 species other te i,V:19 ,19,23,33 biliary cirrhosis,Primary,4:1X:4,5-6 16 behavior of the abuser,13:1/11 species than mi36ila and mucoviscidosis,7:11:17,21,7:XX:5(tablerec).7: 17th:19 chol:VI:8,,<hroni<and sclerosing nosocomial infections,7:11:17-24, definition of dependence,1311:1 4ompr 9 diagnosis,criteria for,13:VI:1 brain a abscess. 7:X:3,m htiX7:X differentiated from psychoactive diseases caused b¢ in decompression sickness,8:111:4 osteomyelitis,I:XVI:2,6,7,9 imp abscess.11:V7711g in dennduced.tosis,2V[hl substance abuse 1317:1,6 drug-induced,nduced,1111:16,2.X11:16, peritonitis and infra-abdominal abscesses,I:X%1:2,6 management of associated behavioral empyema,pleural.?:5(X:8 g-r and psychotic disorders,l3:Via-7 folliculitis,tis. in 6:VI li respiratory tract infections, in lminuins,I:VIl:n,13causing, bronchiectasis,14:11117,19,20 during hospitalization for medical meningi s.11111.1-2,10,II hel 7:XXXcinfections,8, 14:111:18 illness,13116-7 socomis. 7:5(do I:XXXV:2,4,7.8,10,15 cystic fibrosis, addiction,dosages of nomeningitis.11:V 1[I:7-2,10,11 pneumonia,711:17,18,21-23, physiologic in hepatitis,simplex 4:VII:1 7:XIV.16,7:5(X2,4 specific drugs causing,13:V41-2 pneumonia, oniaal infections, 5( : in herpes simplex virus infections, prognosis.13:V1:7-8 bmoni 8 iron deficiency 3 septicemia,7:X5(110 specific drug types and management pneumonia,7:11:21-23,gang 2X1116 skin infections,2111:11,13,7:11: 3 P of withdrawal, in deficiency anemia, celulitis,gangrenous,differential progressive synergistic gangrene, VII:10-11 alcohol.130-176-lU • 2V11❑ largeansqueptionsand. malignant diagnosis(table),2 7:11;17 transformations and.2:11:6 ecthyma gangrenosum,2:V11:13, cocaine,1312:5 urinary ones,t infections, mlid e eat 2211:1 hallucinogens,13:VI5-6 s]Xitesl 48 2V1:6, 71LIY3 'management .are als 2V.8, marijuana.131VI 6 • t to stones,10:VIII:1, 2XIP16-17 see also specific follicvl'hs CCM 122.2:VII l3, Pods ll:Vl3-4 saivh to ulomat associated h. dct _ 711J 8111.5 sedatives,1 : 1:3-4 sand anxiolytics, p. I i ph Tts t 7:V11:4-5urinary tract infections,7XXIIII Sati V �3 in m�neoplastic e2 and,h in immc r ppressed host,7:11,17,19, Prof hromhhdwti test,'11,3 disease and.2:X11:15,76-17, .X;1,2_,1,4,71 X IVb stimulant. 13:VI,4-5 tXb 114 6, Janti 20,21 D _ Psychosis,to l' Depression,causes I'mlhn mti [Factor PI.375 1:1,9 toms.. a iTs lti lymphoma leukemia, IL - 1111 oud limns ssoc aced with; vitamin and, 5: I2:XI:ri, Pv ul rnmrsc1�rnu: mycosis fun6uWes1, 900180 vitamin K anal,3V I:1.7J-_5 *�i 1/00 INDEX 70 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ncJ:V1115q'LXIV:15.16 ' 7:XXX11I:2,J 9,b 1:3X'9-61:X:6,1:XIA'"�-], to rot.-ti n •nplry hem°Ivsu.5 11.10 commended schedule(tables), • 5alpingihs,].%\II�l0 I Pd v¢ Heart 116 1951 X\,II inhUom )xl nlantcm0nn- I dunn9,LXVIc,1:11I1b `\I" 1 7:XX XIII2,3,4 ZXX m XIV:8 enia, h be In wv measles d. as kidney.I:Vlly nt ,pt F 14\. 7X3\95 Rten,syndrome. and,2:311:6 n rabic lnt t ,;\':],14 (leer 4\1111.4141'1}H,14:\'a0 path bi n t 7:VIII:10,7:X3::9, R t n,sec Ibuprofen chilamvdial lnf tt on in,7X1312-3. lung, 1.YVII1 seascl:Xll:b, I Frog o. i \h\ Runners sec Joggers dripSclerosing{,chi lac t S 7%Xlbl'r10 heral vascular •zionn lla pncumonias Rye classi(imhnn,l2XI:4 p n I ihri II1:X\'II12 sclerosing 'I I 1 p leprosy(7::333:15), Mviceplasnm it , Causing]:II:'_7 P 'd cffttts, Neal infections(7.I 5, 7 ' -causing,]:XIL5, radiuiscnu s also Radie contrast Sclerosing Fame,-I ' S isena :9,10 S II1.12, P phahn tuberculosis(]:Vlll:b,10, Neissenngmmnlurae and,]d(XII:8,10 agents S<Icanencphalm-10.: \I\':4) tuberculous,]:\'333:(.7 thyroid.Y.67 14:Va}74,ur also Scoliosis.14:511.1-3•lur 7:XXXI:5 53.S4,src Heart sounds Ilrcaplasmau lu causing, Oar carcinorrm, kvph oh nts,srr Shunts Sacroiliitis,15:111:1 7.XIP5,]%X319111 Lung ca^cer inF drent' - ' XYXIII.14 ankvlosin spondylitis(ails and,15:111:3,5 4 Swrlatini(orm eruptions: nsoiic,- imon,2:VII:1,5 inflammatory bowel disease and, •- SaluronesnH droflumeth azidP.RA26 CoMteWrhnum hrmolptioum causing, pu13,\.0. l4Vlla- tescalp,2VI1:1,5 15:111:12 Sandflv,leishmanasis and,LX%XIVa3, 7:IV:5 7:018 thoracic scri4:\11I- juvenilechmnicanhropafhyand, 14 dnag-Induced, 5combruid osonuit. 35:111:11 andhoff'sdisease,Prcnatal detection sxaphybcoccicxusing,2:V11:11,12 pr P :,,von Willebrand's oriahc arthmath and,15:111:12,13 of(table),9:1\':15 toxio-shocksyndromeand,7aa7,18 Scor e.7:XXg.s\1= P y - 7:1:10 Scrape 7 Xncer -1 Vh10,29 Reiter's syndrome and,15:111:10 Sandrd,see Reserpine streptococci causing, Scrnmm can- r t.C. Tema caused by,5:VI:12 sacroiliac pyarthrosis,7:X113 $anfilippo'ssyndrome,prenatal Scarlet fever,2::3),12 Scrub typhus, \X II' ictor,5:V1:29 Whipple'sdisease and.15:111:14 detection of(table),9:I\.15 differentaited fro m, compared with II, 2:W:11 mucocutaneous Ivmph node diseases(table).- YLo is infectione Sy eEncep Sarin problems,r,blems1-26 drone,15::11[8 m also DNA SL Louts encephaBtis,sre Enrnphalitis, clinical ayn 7:1:18 diving a<aden rumor immunology, St.Louis - extrathoracic,14:V 24-26 _ toxic-shock syndrome, Scuba divan St.Vitus'sdance,srz5 denham's chorea — cardiac,(:\'I:ll,1:XIV:5,8,14::35, erytttrogen1e toxin causing,Zt89 air embolism.CpM mRsee N.2-4 Salicylates,see also specific drug cutaneous,14:V24-25 staphylorocrah 2:VIbL^•7:I 14 coelenterate trig. itamin:2.4 aggravatingurticaria,2:V[:6,7 erythema nodosum,iVLi,. streptoca<aL 719 decompressowning ion cic6 -,-,-A),otei as anti-inflammatory agents, 14:::25 Srheida syndrome, Scoele terate5 hepatic .I'.'.' Schick test,7:N3 collagen synthesis'oprotdn antibodies 15:N:8-9,4115,9 muscul skeletoma4N:23,ls Schilling test,ym12-13 :tnamin D asthma and,19:➢3,9 musculoskeletah 14:V:b 15::1.4, harmafobium,J:X11 11-1313 Sea-blue urm u. I' • :inmw,]:XW:10 drug eruptions Erom,2:V1:1,5 15:3X:4 - Sch'atp$p1a° .faina spotted fever, utavma japonicum,XXXV:111-13 h- per 1:X 4 kidneylism,Cnand,10:V➢:6 nervous system,ll:f15,10.:25 Szh' 2XX3N:11-13 Seafood poisoning.i5' $rhistosomu morrsic i, melrhetylat compounds ocular,3:11:3,14:V05 s. 7:XV'11—l313 shellfish,poso oi .,� ores,7:XV➢2n3 nomcetylaeed rompounda and renal.l0:V.1410:V113,14.11)5y. Schisfnsa'na melungi• tic finer rickttsia rdoseo,8:I4,5,arthritis, 145 h erible re a,3:11[89 UV25 5rltistnsomiasfe,7:d 7d:11 13 po atefis overdJ Reye's syof,ome n14:::12,19:IX:4 reversible renal EaRure,1P.Q:7,10 "-bladder mrice4aTC iLVII1:71,17dDC7 Vertebrate fishll3 ith other rickettsia( drrhosis and, scombroid 5:11.' g Reye's syndrome and,4:11➢:8, sal splenic,14:P'S eosinophilia and,6:1),8,6:1119, stable),I:XW:2 ]:XXV5,ILW:2 .N32,14.VS Seal finger,7.I\1n iagnwis,7:XVQ:9 uncoswceflect,lR➢:17 lever.]XXN:8,14:::25 T.XXXV.13 Sebaceous land.: etiology andepidemiology,Cphl:N5,- F throI*7:)Copertic Salievisulfapyndine.sec Sultasalazirte infections,predisposing to, 1� ogy acne ous glands, .red." :a ]:XW:4 Saliva,human f:XB,13 Cgency virus cnptococcosis, :XXXV:11 V B `xMl4,I:XXX2 7:X:72 acne l neoplasms am a n.: -� immune reaction,6: II20 Racy and,]:Xeaiso Yersinasis,7:N:6 oushm.2.\' :thus,7:X1111: 6 - kidney and,6NII30,7:XXXV:11, 4 Salivary glands,see alto Paraitia Yrathor cic,16 Sebaceous hvrerph +t :• 10'V3,10::11:1 ''er7:V11:5 cancer of,l2Vt:16,17,15dV:13 inasthmaatle,1:'11:6 and, (figure( dery 'ever, W:4 rysprotei%:10 - asthma-like,14:11:6 ,.: .Pulmonary hypertension Sebgure),2:X13 t, k syndrome,71:18 dysproteinemias and,5:IX:3,9 '-' � asthma-like, sarcoid granulomatosis, 7:X-XXV:I2 I in AIDS patient,. Schizophrenia,13:11:11-13 differential 7 XW:1 sarcd n's synosis drome aas i4:\22 CCM:111.6,13:11:11 l2 dug: :d prevention,l:XIV2o, S n s s mine and,15:➢:11- diagnosis,1.4-5 mop 3� 12, dia n definition of 14::21 acute mania differentiated from, 1111:4 15:N 12-13 diagnosis,7 V:24 14.:73-24 26 Seborrhe c k ai°, ndrome,3:I➢3 Salmon patch,2:X:10 . anerb� 14 V 24 — criteria(DSM III R),13:11:11 differentiated t 7 XXXN:Ib kl 7:11 e 7 angiotensin converting enzyme genetic factors m,9:1V:10, X1 CII.`. • tibia. e- 1311:11 syndrome,1:VL35 ntimictobial-resistant]:➢:1-2,6-7, i1.Ila 14:73-24 - B13:11:17-12 (fieuresl SP . 7 XN23,45 genetiphre13111n-1sonler, vls 7 VI6 biopsy,14:11 24,26 13:➢12 13 multiple lc antimiexabial-sensitive.7:11:6-7, differential,scans,1411V:14 41. �a11Tent• Secobarbital eb Seborrheica combined degeneration of 7:XIV:2, 21,23,33,38,39,42 album 14d 14 Schmidt's syndrome,3:N ll B $ tal. ii cord,5:111:11,3[•11113 carriers of,7:11.1,5,b-7 gallium test,14:V34 Schol¢regimen,2.NS I I abuse and dth x-ray findings,14:V12,23 Schinlein-Henoeh purpura,5:V128, addicting do' ,rne msatoa diseases caused by, 1RV:7,15:VIIL6 diagnosis,7:11.1,5-6 management 14:11 26 10::.7 dose in renal is Bi•14:112122 kidney and,&W31, 5econal ee secoc ruin,infections,7:113,5,8 t,. epidemiology coma 1-2 patholo Sclidney and,Ee 11:31, 0:11 s.7,XI➢.6 t marijuana contamination,7:112 r osis 14::22 73 Secretsn test 1°c g. P°gn in giant syndrome and,11114 4 5ecrehn chnl ccc mm see Exanthem f management,7:R.6-7,7:XIV:19 a staging 14:11-' in cell artentis,15:V1➢:4 pathogenesis,ers 2-3 (table),nsee73 _ rheumatoid arthritis and.15:1112, Sedatives, C<im .:III:12,7:XXVI➢a-2 spedfic disorders, L-Sarroh sin see Melphalan 5edaht esErrnls. -oppressed host,7:X:1, arthritis,7:➢.4,7:X117,3,15:I➢al sees specific neoplasm 15::113:7., Sarcomas a Sderodicati 15:11:1-7 abusetives,rig with a1 I$Acomelation,7:,6,15:1➢:Il § Snrca rs sca6iei,2Vilb1 aannedo- ,nfnfectfveendacarditis, bacteremia,7:11:4, 4,6,7:X1:8 Satuday night pal8n111;119 classification, <°nseduenc '' endattentis,7:➢:4,6,7:X111II2 SBE.see Endowditis,intecttve,acute CREST variant,15N:4 13:Vence -time,4:VI:9 - (table), anife aortic aneurysms,lx:XV 11.2 6 and subacute dose m renal 7 11111:1-3 clinical manifestations,15:V:1-4 ]:XXXV:2i endoramlitis,7:11:4,6,7:X\'112 Scabies 2 side effect 2:' virus,12:11:1 enteric fever(typhoid),Id1:3,6,see animal scabies infecting humans cardiac,(:IX:L15:V:3 Seizures,efects, It cutaneous,2:5:7,4:XI:1,15:V:1.�tmds,sensitization to, also Typhoid 7 differential 4:X1:1, classification _S2 gastroenteritis,7:➢:1,2-3,6,,10:4 s diagnosis,2:\'Ilhl-2,2IX:8 gastrointestinal,4:1:7,4:3X:4, g (table).]l:A (X2r{ pressed host,2:33(:1-2, 12,13,15:V:2-3 condition a-- nosocotic-urianfasmdmme,1Q17 miminon4su p musculoskeletal 15:V:1-2 restations,7:XXX:3 meningitis,T.R:4 ° LXII:14 alcohoiwn- cc.I:XV:1,7:XXX:3-0, osteomyelitis, mm Buis,,chops,7:312,16,17 Scalded skin syndrome=:CII:11-12, neumpa thy,11:11:5,15:V:4 withdra 11:6,7 pulmonary,15:V:3,14:V26 I osteomyelitis,]:11:4,7:X:1:2,4,9 '[1:13 10 hypertension,l:XIX3,15:11:3 ayuetuax'. u,7:XXX:3 pan7:XXIhs,4:11:1 toxicom.7:1:18 :smdromv dlHemntut, renal,10:V11:1,15:V:3-1 I -:XXX:3 - from.7a ed brain at'-,e urinary tract infections,J:II:3,5, F r°ceduro.'er alw Imaging accelerated hypertension,15:V:4,6 11;;\-,,o.7:XXV1:XXX:3-4, 7:XX111:2 rxamm� P Tomb s.penitron conditions associated with, °liar„r, i1:6-7 killed Slmon 211:2 coin Pu a mixed connective tissue disease ntoenia,5:VI:12,21, against Salmonella typhi,7:33:7 emission 11 cat-so-au:, • se otvpes.7:11:1,2.3-4 aide men tab es.1.7\YI'4-5 (MCI'D) 15.3:12. (SX:3 4\1:'_.4,6 p°Ivmyost 15:11.2,15::3:1,5 <c bnn r susceptibility munosty to 7d12 6 boinry t C%IV.10, it Xll c.7:XXX:2-3 immunnsu ressionand,7:33:2. txme 7XVi 1.X11[="" '^ Ravn:V:1,4 phenomenon,l:%II:6, stroke 1ren s 4 7:XXX:3-4 ].I%:8, ]X 1,27XP7,8 1113333 :X3:2.11.6 < t - c. ibui ._ 7XXV Il:L tt\'I] Spigrens syndrome and,(5:3:.12, ci,ni lc..icaIn IXXXII1:1,7 inflammatory bn,7:XI:ease and. hr." _ 15:\ N VIII:5,7:XXX:4, 7:11:3 ' 11\III - wi.. dl,t sus l5\ i-1 f^ -sickle mtasi 7:XXXV:12 g,Jh n nixn I ` e„ :inuphihe fase'tn differentiated to pl.r C ms,7:XXX'3, cell anemia and,S:IV-17,7:10?, u' 900180 ' 4 X`z ` 6+ 77--,L , ' r Colorado Quality Research ti 1401 DUFF DRIVE, SUITE 700 --:4 FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80524 (303) 484-0747 Officers FAX: (303) 484-8414 February 13, 1990 Carey L. Quarles t President and fi `^ Chief Executive 0 Officer ' Franklin Carter Executive VQi\K `.tea Presiaent Gal Mohney Board of County Commissioners �� 1' ,t"Senior Weld County y 0 ( ' Vkce President 915 10th Street -,A1„ L- Jo-Anne M Capasso Greeley, CO 80361 ,(l u ,'^ CL" / 1 'ace President � JC �// Jo, L Shapiro Dear Commissioners : / \ ?ro bi X r Secretary/ Treasurer I would like to comment on SR Application 898 — ,Turkey Brooding Facility on County Road 43. 7 There are cseven species_;of turkey coccidia nd they are host specific to turkeys only. Since all coc d a are host specific , there should be no concern of turkey coccidia effecting other species such as att a and swine In fact, turkey coccidia will not even effect chickens. •yn 71 N,r�v1Vsincerely, el C6, CL,44n . Dr. Carey L. Quarles President and Chief Executive Officer State of Colorado County of Larimer Appeared before me this day, February 13, 1990, arey L. Ouarle-r I) ,7. , ( (tali( Joy ILI Shapiro`;—Notaey 4, ; _, /0,d-it:, L., So01S0 L,.µ.air J , N E EL N9 J .E E ci N N CL ; O A G 9 'L.. v' � co L u � C 0 , O u p v ° c o O 5 9 S O O � A eucEE9 �9 'u EoCsu � n`-' o _ Go �°uo us mu avu "' m M 9 L C .� vu E v mu m ... U— Ero mE-> >9�9 v U ° U y- u .y c > 3.E, o_CT 'ov czvy vu `moo- o"' Ica cL m cai m °' pv s9_ c 2T42 "—.2 °occOdCoouV o2LO °.0 V ub9 0° VvE.E N m mason! 2E ,Z' v'.A.a3 uEv E c U � c.n= u aam v mUs cE. n.°: 9_ c0:15cu cv:omo'syv�� o a � � a� ° "'v a.— u= ._ Epu >o>. 3v `o ac Eoa='4 N3 2`mv7u oot'oua euu -S`o �o.r- 9, c 9uou > AE9u .U. 0 vo ...°> V 3 " °,o.Ca-'y cu I. 05 '° cS9ao L >a,o ,y2 mu` oLo v.n °'c.-m„ EEaa) aita' , v uEr. v 'OGu 0C'-O, a�a0 aCc- 6' 0 .c'v ?...Sea 656.305 .-. 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Y .. >'n oo._ cca _ .n. ofa' C Eoc_� m- yA ' o �t vE 0Cu:aL aO-T'.vcm --° vF5 Ovv Y :"= oLoos 70_2 » 4.10 CC Cmv „�, 1. = E_--- A . c' co Y"`9 C,c a- ML: vc Ea `o EL-5om : G_ ... .0 OEAA ` c ° E�� meaner0al..., a_ mnoA S.9 AY . U ALL F.-a P. is 995 / // THE SALMONELLOSES �p'" �(��6r'T�r ��Gynw-it / These may be divided into those caused by: I) two Salmonella spp highly host-adapted to the chicken and turkey (Salmonella pullorum and S gallina- 1 rum—now listed in Bergey's Manual as a single species);2)Salmonella arizona, containing a few serotypes commonly called paracolons, important in turkeys; and 3) the remaining 1,700-odd nonhost adapted species. The latter group 1(paratyphoid) may be transmitted to almost all animals (see sALMONELLOSIS, p 143).They have major public health significance because contaminated food can infect man. II PULLORUM DISEASE Infections by S pullorum usually cause high mortality in young chickens and turkeys and occasionally in adult chickens.The once common disease has now been eradicated from most commercial stock. The disease usually occurs in ,. other avian species only if they are in close contact with infected chickens or turkeys. Infection in hiem is rare. Transmissio n i Imafly by al direct egg transmission, but it also occurs by direct or indirect contact. Infection transmitted via egg or hatchery usually results in mortality during the first few days of life and up to 2-3 weeks of age. JC 01.80 • )4e, 4 1-e,rC'/- 4 -' � ` �' THE SALMONELLOSES 1295 THE SALMONELLOSES ,."--Li serotypes are present in a large percentage of turkey flocks. Reptiles captured :ar a source of heat, do not eat, appear sleepy, and • in the vicinity of turkeys frequently are infected and are thought to act as a ing around the vent. Survivors frequently become reservoir of infection. Clinical infection in other birds and mammals is rela- ith localized infection of the ovary. Some of the eggs lively rare. and produce infected progeny. )ung birds usually include unabsorbed yolk sacs,focal Clinical Findings: Neither signs nor lesions are distinctive.Mortality is usually spleen, and grayish nodules in the lungs, heart, and confined to the first 3-4 weeks of age. Some flocks are extensively infected eesy material in the ceca and raised plaques in the without developing appreciable mortality. Infection tends to persist in a flock. estine are sometimes seen. Occasionally, synovitis is Poults are unthrifty, and in some flocks a considerable percentage develop eye s sometimes have no gross lesions but usually have opacity and blindness. r distorted ovarian follicles with coagulated contents. Lesions: Yolk sacs are slowly absorbed and livers may be enlarged and -e chickens produce lesions that are indistinguishable mottled.Some birds develop peritonitis, salpingitis, or local ovarian infections, id (qv, below). but infections of the intestinal tract are commoner. be highly suggestive, but diagnosis should be con- Diagnosis: A diagnosis must be based on isolation and identification of the identification of S pu/forum. It is readily isolated by organism. The same culture methods as those used for paratyphoids (see be- mselective, aerobic, solid media. Infections in mature low) are satisfactory. Environmental samples also may be used for detecting r serological tests followed by necropsy and culturing infection.Since egg transmission levels are often high,cultural examination of dead embryos, eggshells, and cull poults may be used in identifying infected breeding stock. ieveral antibacterials are effective in reducing mortal- e infection from a flock.Furazolidone at 0.022%in the Treatment and Control:Various drugs are used to minimize mortality in poults; :tive treatments.Control is based on routine testing of streptomycin, spectinomycin, gentamicin, or other antibiotics are commonly Leedom from infection.Chickens are tested by a tube- injected at the hatchery; furazolidone at 0.011-0.022%in the feed is often used ood method.The latter method is not dependable for during the first few weeks. Early fumigation of hatching eggs and rigorous -a tube-agglutination or serum-plate test is used.Vari- hatchery sanitation are aids in reducing transmission, s are sometimes necessary. FOWL TYPHOID PARATYPHOID INFECTION Paratyphoid infections may be caused by any I of the many nonhost- :allinarum, is very similar to S pullorum, and many adapted salmonellae. Several species may infect a bird or flock concurrently. one.Infection is rare in many countries,including the S typhimurium is commonest,but the prevalence of other species varies widely0 a major problem in others. Although .5 gal/inarum is by geographic location and strain of bird. In the USA, most infections are uces lesions in chicks and poults similar to those pro- produced by 10-20 species; some species or strains are more pathogenic than as a much greater tendency to spread among growing others.All birds may be susceptible,and infections are common in all species of y at all ages usually is high. domesticated birds.Usually,the incidence is higher in young flocks.The public e dehydrated, and have a swollen, friable and often health significance of the infection warrants serious attention to control. without necrotic foci; enlarged spleen and kidneys; sis is accomplished by isolation and identification of Clinical Findings: Infections are often substantially subclinical. Mortality is and bacteriological methods. usually confined to the first few weeks of age, and is higher in ducks and turkeys than in chickens. The stress of shipping, delayed feeding, chilling, or111 these are as for pullorum disease (qv, above) except overheating increases mortality. The clinical signs are not distinctive. Depres- m a rough strain of S gallinarum (9R) is useful in lion,poor growth,weakness, diarrhea,and dehydration may occur. ally, it is most effective if administered at 9-10 weeks Lesions:These may include an enlarged liver with or without areas of focal osure occurs.The standard serological tests for pullo- necrosis, unabsorbed yolk sac with coagulation, and cecal cores. Infections ffective in detecting fowl typhoid. occasionally localize in the eye or synovial tissues. Often, there are no lesions. Diagnosis: Isolation and identification of the causal agent is essential. Direct ,RIZONA INFECTION culture from liver and yolk sac onto almost any standard type of aerobic media (Paracolon infection) is adequate for isolation. Either a selenite or tetrathionate enrichment broth transferred in 24-48 hours to brilliant green agar may be used to isolate the 1 ;g-transmitted infection, chiefly of turkeys,by any of organism from intestinal or environmental samples. 1/a arizona (Arizona hinshawii). Classification of this tter of discussion, but it is now considered to be a Treatment and Control:Several antibacterial agents are of value in preventing mortality;none is capable of eliminating flock infection.Furazolidone at 0.022`y in the feed is commonly used.Turkeys,in particular,are generally injected witn vlore than 100 serotypes have been identified from a 1 1 or more antibiotics after hatching. s, and reptiles. Two serotypes, 7:1,7,8 and 7:1,2,6,ac- Dependable control methods have not been developed. Strict sanitation in im turkeys; food-borne infections of man occur occa- • all hatching processes is helpful in preventing transmission between successive4 caused by other serotypes. One or more S arizona 900180 936 c{YJ7 /3 p.L-' T THE SMALL AND LARGE: INTESTINE h `{% A -�` c‘ry/ ,� iG' I / 7J-Ll .) , O .! . .e :.) .e / /1/“.1.,.''.10.., ., d e of trimethoprim was 5 mg per kilogram of though some can be found'in the blood stream and t _, iit u hod weight per day and of sulfam thoxazole, 25 internal organs of invertebrates; they are frequently - tl mg p kilogram of body weight r day, for 28 isolated in sewage, river- and sea-water, and certain days. foods. Most salmonellae have a wide range of hosts. ce 4 , '.'' it Mild, g ' ding diarrhea and cr ps may continue These bacteria grow on several types of artificial 1. h for many da, after treatment o acillary dysentery, media. However, they can be separated on differ- Sile 15 4 n /7 .si even when t organism is longer present and ential media by the inclusion of certain chemicals the acute epi de seems have passed. These that favor their growth and suppress other coliforms; 4 r rii - symptoms are n t necess fly a cause for alarm as i.e., brilliant green, selenite, tetrathionate. lithium,tCr= ' if the bowel may ha sus ned severe mucosal injury and bile salts. Most strains die at 55°C in one hour, that requires a cert eriod of time for repair. or at 60°C in 15 to 20 minutes. Instances of chro ulcerative colitis have been The initial separation of Salmonella from other w ll li traced to a prove at ck of dysentery, but such bacteria is based on biochemical characteristics. The Ll OL°Cc t cases are rare. shoul be recalled that certain biochemically-positive organisms have antigenic C . c antibiotics, es cially am 'cillin, have a high inci- similarity to other Salmonella strains, and it is the ° i.:17°-di c dence of inte nal side effec ,including Clostridium antigenic structure that confers the species designa- difficile—ass ` iated diarrhea, d persistent diarrhea tion. It must be emphasized that the possession of F' f iSla' must be aluated in terms o possible untoward Salmonella antigens does not automatically qualify f t drug re tion (see pp. 1122 to 1168 and 1168 to an organism for inclusion in this group. To qualify 1184). as a Salmonella requires the proper antigens and t r Fi Ily, shigellosis is a highly co agious disease. the biochemical characteristics. c Sp ad within a family is common. Secondary cases Antigens. There are now nearly 1700 serotypes t c occur in hospitals, both among er hapless and variants of Salmonella. The typing scheme is tients and nurses and physicians. Care 1 handling based on the antigenic structure, but in recent years ` • of fecal effluent and scrupulous attention o hand- the name of the strain has been derived from the 1 washing should avoid dissemination of this isease. city in which it was first isolated; i.e., Montevideo, t Heidelberg, Dublin, Newport, and so on. Most t Xi salmonellae are flagellated; utilizing the proper f '" NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLOSIS growth conditions, the H (flagellar) and O (somatic) I r antigens can be tested separetly. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis refers to disease In addition to H and O antigens, some strains, caused by any serotype of the genus Salmonella, notably typhoid bacilli, have an additional somatic 'with the exception of S. typhi. Approximately 1700 antigen associated with virulence (V). The V; anti- serotypes and variants are potentially pathogenic for gen prevents agglutination with O antigen.A posi- animals and human beings. Recently, the salmonel- tive correlation exists between virulence in mice and lae have been classified into three primary species: the amount of V; antigen in a specific strain. How- - Salmonella typhi, S. cholerae-suis, and S. enteritidis. ever, this correlation does not necessarily carry over • The first two species have only one serotype each, to human beings since even typhoid bacilli without leaving the other 1700 serotypes in the species S. measurable V; antigen can be pathogenic for hu- enteritidis. Using this formal taxonomic classifica- mans. A bacteriophage typing system against the V; tion, one would designate serotypes as follows: S. antigen is used for epidemiologic investigation of " enteritidis serotype typhimurium or S. enteritidis typhoid outbreaks. Over 70 anti-V;phage types have serotype agona. For convenience, most workers been identified. bypass this awkward formality in favor of the more For convenience in the laboratory, a series of familiar convention of designating an organism by Kauffmann-White groups containing several sero- the genus and serotype, such as S. typhimurium or types has been developed, and these are based on S. agona. shared antigens among the most common Salmo- nella types. There are now some 40 recognized Microbiology groups. Human cases generally fall into groups A to E; indeed, 90 per cent of Salmonella pathogenic Salmonella is a large group of gram-negative ba- for human beings are in groups B, C, and D. cilli that comprise one of the six divisions in the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Most strains are mo- tile and produce acid and gas from glucose, manni- Pathogenic Mechanisms tol, and sorbitol (except S. typhi and rare others Many serotypes are restricted to animals and have that produce only acid); they are active elaborators narrow host preferences. '!ome strains, Iii3 evet, of hydrogen sulfide, and they are closely related to are Iegr`fastidtous and can cause'iblii us human each other by somatic and flagellar antigens. These in'fection."Theit main portal of entry"is via"the-mot/tr. organisms are primarily intestinal parasites, al- and—gastrointestinal tract. These organisms are 900180 _ .... ._ * ♦1 _ . • INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA 937 I.L. . o. .ut.ickin^ the ileum and to a lesser extent, asymptomatic individuals (the organism is usually i-„ r,_ Mace ciu,c mill mucosa' ulcerations and harbored in the gallbladder)." riHi."r. :n,akc their way through the epithelial surface The most common syndrome is gastroenteritis. :u,un, propria. thence to the lymphatics and The usual incubation period is 6 to 48 hours, al- o ii,1 r-c:un_ Hntoio:tpc sections show edematous. though latency could last as long as 7 to 12 days. min• flieil crypts: invasion of the lamina propria by The initial symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fol- poh:ta,rrniii nuclear leukocytes; and rapid spread of lowed by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. The diar- ;:e.'„in to other organs by hematoeenous dissem- rhea usually lasts three or four days, and is accom- panied by fever in about 50 per cent of individuals. I t�ulence factors in Salmonella strains affect In general, the pain of Salmonella gastroenteritis is the rtowoP one involves mucosal invasion and the located in the periumbilical area or the right lower ,,the_ causes net tluad and electrolyte secretion into quadrant. The diarrhea can vary from a fw_Innce the tied lumen. The invasive factor produces mu- ,stools,to dysentery with grossly bloody and purulent cosal wail infection and bacteremia, while the other 'feces,to a cholera-like syndrome. The latter cau.es diarrhea.'I condition, with massive purging, has been described The exact mechanisms responsible for diarrhea in patients who are achlorhydric.'5 Persistent fever are not clear, although penetration and inflamma- or specific findings on physical examination suggest lion .aunear to be important components. Studies in bacteremia or focal infection. Salmonella bacteremia a rabbit hinted loop model have demonstrated that is similar to sepsis from any other gram-negative nonpenetrating strains of Salmonella fail to produce bacteria, although there is an impression that it is diarrhea.'6 Certain strains are capable of invading less severe._Once the organism invades the blood the mucosa. but they are unable to cause fluid stream,_almost any_organ_ can become involved. accumulation if they lack the "secretory" factor. Meningitis, arteritis, endocarditis, osteomyads, Studies have shown that cyclic AMP can be stimu- wound infections, septic arthritis, and focal abscesses lamed by some strains that produce fluid accumula- all have been recorded."-" tion. Indomethacin. which blocks prostaglandin syn- Patients become chronic carriers of nontyphoidal thesis, inhibits intestinal secretion in experimental Salmonella as a consequence of either symptomatic Salmonella infections.i5•69 Thus, Salmonella may or asymptomatic infections. The overall carrier rate produce prostaglandin-stimulating factors that in is between 2 and 6 per 1000 infected individuals. turn act on the adenylate cyclase system. Children, especially neonates, and patients over age The infectivity of a specific strain is related to its 60 years tend to become carriers more frequently. serotype and the inoculum size. For example, 105 S. Also, structural abnormalities in the biliary tract, newport produces illness in some volunteers, such as cholelithiasis, or in the urinary tract, such whereas 11? S. pullorum is unable to do so.J°'"The as nephrolithiasis, predispose and perpetuate the latter strain is poorly adapted to humans, as sug- carrier state.'6 • gested by its rarity in clinical infections, bu[t it is _ c e s_ r_-_..- frequently, well adapted to chickens from whom n is. isolated'. A 3ose-res onse curve has been deter- Predisposing Conditions mined for certain strains of Salmonella. An approx- imately 50 per cent infection rate is seen with 10' A number of associated conditions seem to in- - organisms, whereas the infectivity raises to 90 per crease the risk of salmonellosis (Table 57-3). The cent at 10g. relationship between sickle cell anemia and Salmo- In experimental animals, the number of bacteria nella osteomyelitis has been well documented." In- required to produce infections can be reduced by deed, several forms of hemolytic anemia predispose pretreating the animals with antibiotics. In addition, to this infection, including malaria, bartonellosis, reduced or absent gastric acid is known to increase and louse-borne relapsing fever.”'n the susceptibility to infection, since acid in the The presumed mechanism of increased suscepti- stomach kills off many of the challenge organisms. bility is blockage of the reticuloendothelial system by macrophages ingesting breakdown products of red blood cells, thereby reducing their ability to Clinical Features phagocytize salmonellae." Recent studies also have Five clinical syndromes are seen with Salmonella: shown a decreased capacity for patients with sickle (1)gastroenteritis, noted in 70 per cent of Salmonella cell anemia to opsonize salmonellae because of infections; (2) bacteremia, with or without gastroin- defective activation of the alternative complement testinal involvement, seen in approximately 10 per pathway " f _-._P _ ._ _..,_.. cent of the cases; (3) typhoidal or "enteric ever," Neo lastic disease has been associated with an seen with all typhoid strains and in approximately 8. p increased risk of salmonellosis. Leukemia _l m Ko- per cent of other Salmonella infections; (4) localized .t' mas;and disseminated malignancy appear to predis- infrcrions, i.e.. bones, joints, and meninges, seen in pose patients to blood stream invasion by this or- • approximately upproximately per cent; and (5) a carrier state in ganism. Use of corticosteroids, 08 �saun . ✓ 1_ 938 HE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE Table 57-3. PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS IN positive stool culture. However, a patient with an SALMONELLA INFECTION acute onset of colitis, without a past history, who t` Hemolytic anemia ow Acnlornydria has symptoms of three weeks' or less duration Sickle-cell disease Gastro-duodenal surgery should be considered to have an infectious form of °"' s, and Salmonella, as well as Shigella and �l`� Malaria Idiopathic colitisc , nt Malignancy Ulcerative colitis Campylobacter, must be important considerations. Lymphoma The course of Salmonella colitis is variable. It can w Leukemia last as short as one week or go on for two to three Disseminated carcinoma months. The average duration of illness is three tx g Immunosuppression Schistosomiasis i Steroid therapy weeks. Complications include toxic megacolon, chemotherapy bleeding, and overwhelming sepsis. in Radiation While no prospective trial evaluating antibiotic r` therapy in Salmonella colitis has been performed, it r.t seems reasonable to administer antibiotics, at least s\ or radiotherapy also is associated with Salmonella to eradicate the organisms from the stool. It is also in sepsis. • important to recognize this disease, so that inap- Gastric surgery appears to be an important pre- priate therapy is not administered. Corticosteroids disposing condition in the development of Salmo- can exacerbate Salmonella colitis, producing silent t nella infection."'" The obvious implication is that perforation and septicemia." Finall g' destruction of the gastric acid barrier enhances the be reassured of the self-limited course of Salmonella tr host's susceptibility to infection. colitis, as opposed to the chronic, relapsing course of All three forms ofsch stosomiasis have been_as- of idiopathic ulcerative colitis. e sociated with invasive salmonellosis.g' Salmonellae, a as well as other gram-negative bacteria, are capable a of penetrating and multiplying within the parasites, Immunology t which then serve as a source for recurrent batter- The major defense mechanism of the host against emia or bacilluria. Salmonella infection is mediated by the reticuloen- Ulcerative colitis may predispose to Salmonella dothelial system. During the hematogenous stage of infection and an increased carrier state, although dissemination, circulating organisms are removed this implication is based upon only a few retrospec- from the blood stream and are sequestered in the tive studies. One such analysis found that 5 per cent reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and spleen. If • • of patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis harbored the host is successful in containing the infection, the Salmonella in their stool.86 ' organisms are killed in these cells. If the organism is particularly virulent, it may divide and multiply Salmonella Colitis within the reticuloendothelial cells and then break out for another phase of bacteremia. Antibiotics Involvement of the colon in the course of Sal- have difficulty in penetrating reticuloendothelial monella gastroenteritis probably is rather common, cells, and the organisms are somewhat protected at least on the basis of animal studies and proctos- from drugs in this location. Sequestration in reticu- E copy examinations in selected patients."'85 While loendothelial cells is the explanation for continued !the great majority of patients with Salmonella pre- infection with relapses and remissions often seen in sent mild diarrhea and watery bowel movements, in Salmonella infections. F ' a small but important group colonic involvement Antibody is formed to both somatic and flagellar dominates the clinical picture. Patients with Salmo- antigens. The anti-O antibody is the first to rise, nella colitis typically have 10 to 15 days of diarrhea reaching its peak in the third week of infection and before the diagnosis is established. In contrast, falling off during the subsequent weeks. The H patients with the usual form of gastroenteritis are antibody rises more slowly after several weeks of symptomatic for five days or less. In the colonic infection, but it maintains a high level for many form, the diarrhea is more persistent, even though months following infection. The laboratory exami- the organism may have disappeared from the feces. nation for H and O antibody is called the Widal Bowel movements are grossly bloody in approxi- test. mately half the patients. Proctoscopic findings in- clude hyperemia, granularity, friability, and ulcera- tions. Rectal biopsy specimens reveal mucosal Epidemiology ulcerations, hemorrhage, and crypt abscesses. Bar- ' Salmonella is one °f the great food-borne infec- ium enema films confirm these findings, usually -r'tions�The major route of passage is by five F's: showing a patchy, global colitis. In the acute period, flies, food, fingers, feces,,and fomdes:`The disease there is no reliable method to distinguish idiopathic can cause large"outbreaks, often associated with ulcerative colitis from Salmonella colitis, except by common-source routes of spread. A frequent setting 900180 >., l.I. Y*..+^.'*Rz.. x. . .,.w.•S,.,4"r...�yy. ',i-.r<^si.w a. ...—... « _ .. _ c _� ... Rf Ill I I IxP1.1 Ili)t S DI.AIZRiiI A 939 is an institution supper or a barbecue. Comiiuutr.c Salmonellae have a tendency to colonize domestic outbreaks may persist for several months. For ex- animals. Poultry has the highest incidence of_Sa1- ampie- Riverside- ( ilitornia, experienced .in chi- POrrihl suri:Ige, particularly hens. (Thickens. and demic involving )0.00lt) persons that raged :or mans I Icks. Pigs and cattle also arc heavily contaminated. months and was related to a contaminated municipal Atally of these animals can cohabit peacefully with water supply.' --- :heir salmonellae and are usually asymptomatic. � a. In the United States- there are approximately f-i)0 :Among the other animals that have been known to isolates of Salmonella per week from humans and habor Salm/mglla are buffalo. sheep. dog, cat, rat, approximately 11111 trom nonhuman sources. The mouse, guinea pig. hamster. seal, donkey. turkey, incidence in England is 25 times higher. presumably dove. pigeon. parrot. sparrow. lizard. whale, tor- related to the superior English reporting system toile. house fly, tick. louse, flea. and cockroach, to rather than to inferior hygiene. The most common name but a few. t serotype in the U.S.A. is S. tvpltimurium, followed Commerically prepared food may be contami- t by S. enteritidis, S. newport, S. heidelberg, and S. hated with salmonellae: 40 per cent of turkeys infanris. examined in California. 50 per cent of.chickens.in \x' _.._ The marked similarity in the frequency of sera- NniQclfusetts, and 20 per cent of commercial egg 1 s types isolated from human and animal sources sue- wRites have e shown in-surveys to harbor these • gests that nonhuman reservoirs play a crucial role organisms.—Large national and international out- in the transmission of the disease (Table 57-4). breaks have been traced to commercially prepared When one examines recognized common-source chocolate balls, precooked roast beef, smoked outbreaks. the importance of,_animal_reservoirs is_ whitefish, frozen eggs, and powdered milk. Other easily discerned.In 500 outbreaks investtgatcd over commercial products not directly related to foods, a ten-Year nwvear period, almost 50 per cent were related such as carmine dye or brewer's yeast, can be to animals or animal products. Poultry,meats, eggs, contaminated and this transmitted to humans. Con- and dairy products are most frequently involved taminated pets, especially turtles, have been impti- (Fhz. 57-3). cared in the transmission of salmonellosis. These Table 57-4. THE 20 MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED SALMONELLA SEROTYPES FROM HUMAN AND NONHUMAN SOURCES.' 1978 HUMAN NONHUMAN . Rank Last Rank Serotype Number Per Cent Year Rank Serotvpe Number Per Cent 1 tvphimuriumt 10,015 34.8 1 1 typhimurium 222 10.8 2 heidelberg 2,078 7.2 3 2 derby 180 8.8 3 enteritidis 1,934 6.7 4 3 agona 158 7.7 ig 4 newport 1,879 6.5 2 4 manhattan 127 6.2 5 agora 1,229 4.3 6 5 panama 119 5.8 6 infanris 1,2_25 4.3 5 6 heidelberg 103 5.0 7 montevideo 703 2.4 9 7 tennessee 103 5.0 8 typhi 604 2.1 8 8 london 79 3.9 9 saint-paul 602 2.1 7 9 meleagridis 73 3.6 tO javiana 528 1.8 11 10 infanris 68 3.3 SUBTOTAL 20,797 72.3 SUBTOTAL 1,232 60.1 11 blocklev 494 1.7 14 11 habana 66 3.2 12 oranienburg 487 1.7 10 12 montevideo 62 3.0 13 derby 346 1.2 12 13 worthington 59 2.9 14 rnuenchen 293 1.0 13 14 anatum 56 2.7 U anatum 262 0.9 16 15 enteritidis 42 2.0 16 Java 257 0.9 20 16 newport 33 1.6 17 thompson 245 0.9 18 17 kentucky 29 1.4 IS panama 220 0.8 15 IS weltevreden 25 1.2 19 bredenev 218 QS 19 oranienburg 23 1.1 20 hraenderup 204 0.7 21 20 choleraesurzt 23 1.1 Subtotal 23,823 82.9 Subtotal 1,650 80.3 All other serotypcs 4.925 All other serotypes 398 Total 28,748 Total 2.048 'Reported to the Center for Disease Control. 'includes var. Copenhagen $Includes var. kunzcndorf From the Center for Disease Control: Su/nu/cella Surveillance. Annual Summary 1978. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service,Jan.. 1981. 900180 a=: s� ) # x e ,x t x / cessi sue+ s'u. r ary '•' '' qa.. , . `� l `�„Nl [�7r h�#n• f .•.;,l.f7 `'a+, 3`,'. 'rfi' 1 i 4 940 THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE Dairy Pets Products monella strains resistant to one or m,'t'. were isolated from 9.7 per cent of pincrr with antibiotics, whereas no resistant sill': obtained from untreated patients. On il;, Eggs this study, as well as others,90-9' it is app.,,, 8s antimicrobial therapy should not be em• „ , most cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis. 10% Unknown .c Despite this general rule, some clinical ;i I 28% dictate that antibiotics should be used wl,, Person-To-Person order is complicated by Salmonella gastrocn r,_ lymphoproliferative disorders; known or su>r_' abnormalities of the cardiovascular svcicnt. >n. Tc Meat prosthetic heart valves, vascular grafts. aneu - si and rheumatic or congenital heart disease, m'. I Miscellaneous' vuals with foreign bodies implanted in the ske - Poultry ei system; patients with hemolytic anemias: am:ou17l tients at the extreme ages of life. In addition, ment should be used in patients with :Saim ,iir , a" gastroenteritis when they exhibit findings of se'., „ sepsis—that is, high fever, rigors, hypotension.g Y n. ,, to creased renal function, and systemic toxicity. • 'Includes over 50 vehicles that individually If a decision is made to initiate therapy in t h,: caused less than 3%of outbreaks selected patients, ampicillin or trimethoprim-suit,,- Figure 57-3. Mode of transmission in 500 human salmonel- methoxazole is an approriate drug • losis outbreaks between 1966 and 1975(Redrawn from the Center ampicillin is 50 to 100 The dose ,•for Disease Control,Salmonella Surveillance,Annual Summa 1976. Washington,D.C.,U.S.Department of Health,Education. mg per kilogram of bn�:�r Summary, weight per to y in divided doses, orally uorl parents et ) - and Welfare,Public Health Service, 1977.) ally, for 10 14 days. dose ethoprim-per kiiethos- azole is administered at a of 8 mg per kiiograr types of body weight per day for trimethoprim and w1) tee microorganisms have been isolated from man Y YP per kilogram of body weight per day for suit,:- of animals, and all pets should be considered poten- methoxazole, to a maximum of four tablets (3_21 me gur' tial carriers whether or not they show signs of illness. 1600 mg) Ft Salmonellae are so ubiquitous in our environment per day for two weeks. salmons that it is extraordinary so few human infections are esistanc i t more than one drug among noel - Service. encountered. 9w"" phoi al specter of Salmonella appears to be mereas- Attack Salmonella show a strong relation- ing. The results of a nationwide study published it:ship to ratesof Sal younger s ow year of age 1968 demonstrated that 22 per cent of nontyphoidai disease have the age. t Children rung re than one n in the ofsu aeet strains of Salmonella were resistant to one or more disease of three- to five-month-old infants. The susceptibil- sulfathiazole, and ampicillin were most common, more e antibiotics. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline_ity of infants may be related to immunologic im- bowel: maturit g occurring in 8 to 14 per cent eerstrains. A cleat gaWoe y. There is also a high attack rate and in- creased mortality in individuals over age 70 years four or more drugs in 50 per cent of isolates of S. Salmon from New York in in19 documented resistance S.(Fig. 57-4). W hi ryphimurium and S. newport.92 However. the inci- other 5 dence of chloramphenicol resistance in nontyphoidal same c Treatment strains of Salmonella in the United States is still disease Although a.,aarg��umber of antibiotics have been very low, and this drug should be used in the event marl yl iiused to treat nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteri= of multiple drug resistance. erly tis;"alI have failed to alter the rate of clinical S. pare recovery. In fact antibiotic therapy increases the ind"idence and duration of intestinal carriage of these TYPHOID FEVER Microl organisms. In one report,B9 185 patients with S. Typhoid ("cloud fever is a febrile illness of nellae ryphimurium gastroenteritis were treated with either prolonged S. D. produc chloramphenicol or ampicillin; stools from 65.4 per , enlargement duration,o marked espleen,by hectic abdominal l pain. antigen cent were still positive for the organism 12 days and variety of too the s. pals, hears after exposure and 27 per cent were positive at 31 and ea systemic manifestations. The illness orates days. In contrast, of 87 who were not treated, only caused by this pathogen differs from the non S. itpit- bears i 42.5 per cent and 11.5 dal Salmonella infections in several respects. sent ical cC per cent of stool cultures is remarkably adapted to humans, who represent .vere positive at 12 and 31 days, respectively. 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Z'OEEv v c l'` uu � � `c°�`.� ,,osovo a: E: u c o'o E m v2 .: o `° °'° �.Eza J H .. ° u co �•'1 m C A. _'C j '" o N ,:.c'- gun _ v O L mu . _ .ap ° .°i, % N V `_ 0 co O•p'um vv uu uu - O'L coL _ o JO4v'E.=Lm TE vyc'o� va0 vC' v Lm L COL A=aL 'E CLT E_ OC�I, U Lt mV_ML CO^J L.O ° 6 c cir A V. ,a i .. ry U, �._ cc h� atm mi, u OmEvo to UEn.om ^LF• 2z.._(-,g o23A5S °o �9f m > '� m U._ uw G...= E E A u , -a._,..-5 _ o ua v ,� k'" �° m O5uu, 0 ctA nE all Eto� :;LsEV atam �a▪ >' li\y' 9OO 8O E ¢ n'/ol�' 7-36-/c-/-4-4 %s eta%z 7, 136 U COCCIDIOSIS net/ variety of techniques can be used to detect serum an odies to various anti- gens of Campylobacter. Heat stabile or heat labile a igen schemes are being used routinely for serotyping of various strains. Se al serum samples to dem- onstrate-rising antibody titer are helpful in dia sis. It must be stressed that enteric viratr�as well as other enteric bacterial athogens must be ruled out in animals with C y/obacter-associated diarr a. Treatment and Contr •Isolation of Cjeju t from the diarrheic feces of animals is not, a priori, an indic 'on for antibi is therapy. In certain cases in which animals are severely affect or prese a zoonotic threat,antibiotic treatment may be indicated. In genera, feju i isolates from animals are in agreement with those isolates obtained fro man populations. Erythromycin, the drug of choice for Campylobacter dia a in humans, is also effective in animals. Gentamicin, furazolidone, doxy -cli and chloramphenicol also can be used; ampicillin is relatively inactiv agains ost strains of Campylobacter. Most strains are resistant to penic' 'n at thera tically achievable drug levels. Tet- racycline and kanamycin r istance in cert C jefuni strains is reported to be plasmid-mediated and tr smissible within C/ 'unf serotyoes.Efficacy of sulfa- dimethoxine and sulfa ombinations is variab Before therapy is instituted, isolation and sensitivit tests should be done.Bec se Cjejuni has only recently been recognized as potential enteric pathogen in nimals, efficacy of antibi- otic therapy in affec d animals has been reported i requently.It is important to note that some imals will continue to shed t organism in the feces despite antibiotic therapy.Alternate antibiotic therapy may be instituted,and it should be determined if other intercurrent disease states exist in the animal. Careful attention to fluid and electrolyte balance is also important,particularly in young animals. 900180 Is s ' i C.. • 114 ` n� / i t _ _�� tin cla s sified Diseases 467 � ! _ histoplIsmosis. While these noisome sites have l allit ceaie mold. 11 is now known that C nu- , often been implicated in outbreaks of hisio- it, is a dimorphic litngus. In soil and on the vole cases plasmosis, the association is far fium mover- usual culture media, it is found in the urycelial - AA' c --/t-'2' ere symp- ) sal- Testing Ilse sail for nitrogen, phosphorus, - phase, it producing by arthrospores- lu tissues, with pal- , and water-holding capacity gives promise at it occurs as spite'ules, which produce sporan- al spread ) indicating which roosts are most likely to har- gtnspores. in B is the her It et/pm/arum. " Coccidioid,tmyeostq -was ,first recognised ' / outs in the form al c occitlioidal granuloma, a A- cfimiuc, progressive, highly fatal disease affecting the tort , skin, lymph nodes, bones, _8 meninges thoracic viscera,and other body tis AFRICAN HISTOPLASMOSIS sues• it resembled tuberculosis in many re- led pneu- spects. Beck collected from the literature re- Most cases of histoplasmosis in Africa, panic- ports of 286 human cases of chronic tetrospect ularly West Africa, are caused by H6tu lavma t mrcom_ P cuccidioulal granuloma. Of these, 254 oc- duborsn. This organism resembles IL Cup- corral in California and 16 in other slags. It ;flied 41 +- sulutum so closely in most characteristics that aracteris- soot[ became evident that most of the patients • it is not considered a separate species. The had resided in, or had traveled through, the ;ty work, 1' clinical picture, however, differs greatly from or silos, i g > southern half of the Great Sacramento (San of I to 2 11 the disease caused by H. copsulatum. A wide Joaquin) Valley of California. lo farm r t, variety of skin lesions are a prominent feature There had also been endemic in the San her A5 —chronic ulcers, granulomatous nodules, )Magnin Valley a disease known as San Joa- n other f" deep abscesses, and pedunculated lesions. quin fever, valley fever, desert fever, or desert Multiple lesions are also common in the bones rheumatism. Characteristically, the illness i from the and lymph nodes. The liver and spleen are - ourse of I consisted of an influenza-like initial phase foT involved occasionally and the lungs rarely. lowed in 2 to 18 days by an eruptive phase of ese cif' The source of if dubaisii in nature is still uals can erythema nodosum (less frequently of cry- uncertain. ence for —�� [hems multiforme) frequently associated with .,can be s di ' �.--�- t ti c'-" arthritis' • aand eonlunUtvrtts �the eruption w a lasted 6 days to 2 weeks, and although the t of the COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS the site, - lesions faded, pigmented areas remained for .(�re S'�`� and de- George W. Comstock` , s`9 mouths. Recovery was practically invariable. '' 'rr Between 1936 and 1938, Gifford and Dickson &� ar�`�'� it HISTORY / N /.: �C�- r ,�� ` 1 established that this clinical syndrome was in U- �` `z �J fact the benign acute phase or primary stage of Coccidioidomycosis (coccididioidal gran- coceidioidal granuloma. n. uloma, San Joaquin or Valley Fever) was first These observations were confirmed and ex- t^ described in Argentina by Posadas in 1892'; it tended by the field studies ofSmith.' Using theas 111 C was ascribed to a protozoan-like organism coecidioidin skin test, it was found that a large can be i found in the tissues of the patient. In 1896, proportion of individuals living in the south- - kers in d Rixford and Gilchrist gave an account of a ern San Joaquin Valley reacted to this antigen, t�`' lasmin t r protozoan (coceidioidal) infection of the skin while only a small fraction gave a definite his- .,, on ap- -}t, ,- and other organs in two patients who were tory of having suffered from erythema noda- 't t least. 'a farm laborers in the San Joaquin Valley of sum. `+ j ed in- " t.1 California. They named the spherical organ- Studies during World War II in the San w' Certain ;a ism observed in preparations from the tissues Joaquin Valley permitted an estimation of the ,• �r f. of the patients Coccidioides immitis. °pilafs frequency of the different manifestations of II ei cause ;t v and Moffitt in 1900 demonstrated that the coceidioidal infections.' At one extreme is a +'3 i with Y , ,. causative agent was not a protozoan but a completely asymptomatic or inapparent infec- Ailti t l,' 1:;::71: $r 4t i 468 Communicable Diseases Califon Mexic o f)C i Americ 1 y,Zl I ': and A r. asse4 x"" '' �� ::,,„,:i. �. the Uu .= data si; %! Fir ,;u 1r assito l stricled I ? _...... % sor,!Ito :pls, . t c.:. �i+ OF IN: 'i,, Fs 4, �:. �'t.' Field Sli ° r i 4.505 'IleIiggswillif i : . endemic �g �j RotI ." ",} iii i)ii. :;I. a ill e ,' : infected _ - - 04, o I .Mai' sonal vo - '1 E- rainfall; 'AP 1 ' i..rtjr:a through O'il ,+. Clinic. y �, Fig. 9-2. Map based on skin test results for 48,700 young white men and women naval the res recruits, college students, and student nurses-17 to 21 years of age when tested (1945- a'' �; earl i 1951), who had lived all their lives in only one county. Reactions with induration of 5 mm • s. : , . y ' or more were considered positive. Map shows the percentage with positive reactions among tive form { t' �' lifetime residents of each county. Courtesy of Palmer and Edwards. Tubercul Program,US o,'{ There is ; • ,i Public Health Service. tra. to v' son-to-p, c^ ; natural #4t' fungus n a � o> *Taatehas t11'. repeated! v'flr tion. Such an infection can be demonstrated GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION t, mons'su " c only by conversion from a negative to a posi- H tably poc k 0 I, i tive coccidioidin skin test. In the southern San Determination of the areas of endemicity of a ',4.43 die,and i Pu + Joaquin Valley, approximately 60 percent of this infection is best accomplished by coceidr {'. ..from the r, ! natural infections fell into this category. Even oidin testing of persons whose lives have ben a ;or tissue i f under conditions optimal for diagnosis, only lived in one area,with due regard for uniform-A, "also bee' h one-fourth of the infections produced clini- ity of testing methods and standards for inter-;1 2 fps Noddy c� ,1".;- i cally diagnosed disease. Around 4 percent of pretation of reactions, and for homogeneity of , ' sensitivirl {#Jj it• infections in white males and 10 to 25 percent the tested population with respect to age and sad dens :) ' )" '.' of the infections in white females were accom- other factors.Studies by Edwards and Palm&i. ; ;'.. i a a • pear ,�r'IC.';' panied by erythema nodosum or multiforme of on naval recruits meet these requirements �! most like yg $� y;i the classic valley fever. Approximately one in well. They show that coccidioidin segsiuntf ?'r riafall is a, 400 coccidioidal infections,or one in 100 cases in the United States is essentially confined til,, wintc t +th of diagnosed disease in white adult males the-irdSouthwest sections of southernCali:II '(, r, ,'ye7°.� TM E .. showed the progression known as coccidioidal fornia Arizona New Mexico, and the south i' ,ese co, L � t, i�. granuloma. The frequency of this granuloma- western part of Texas,with extension into Ne t: r,� .towel !,41 tous dissemination in blacks was 10 times that tions of southern Nevada and Utah(Fi&:9- ' es,an r' _ of whites. An"outbreak has been reported from norther i ' , • i ,I,„;# 900180 f S I. mr2a 4 ! t: 17 lll AI 9* !li:Y k- } W 11 fied , . , � .r91 N.. s an: l4µu�ytlfr �l r"^7f{? F _ is ft•' a >r. \ I I ezuei , '..li phase R „III n n vY 9i t` i. 1 I 'I , is 4 Ik :• Olls { 4 i R� i. r' 1 Ni „Ell Ihu .appal ill i ❑a : Iu ,. YGfi v J1i r ,( i ti �J�Ill.; . h s i ai1 ,el in;hi hl� Pik'.I,d h, 11 mtspl, .0 ii , III i:1. exile. ic,l. Pr. i . I f Sot R( L� ANI) Rut ' l'ES t I : \i< ,I c Ii,\RAt'TERIJTIt'S "� . OF 1\I P Cl ION ,° i FtrK ,, 1, rr:,d Jrrli Sym/2 itt/s 'L w ri'•. o HUM .ladles show till u, ,comer_ f ..rv1i, endemic aims iyndly acquire the ii, nim, ,.. "-t Tr I ',tits II the pi mho nary disease (Bair Jon- �`, J.. melds Jn,ing brooch an endemic i a Lan `Iii" er t It v c,cI) Ill,.III 1 to 3 ucck Misr bh+� r ' Suntctimes result III uiO. .tion ,\. Al.user inn e. liver. t n�id¢n 1i granuloma, how- '�I'lt,Iii il.r?‘ '._.It . hem ,hiGne HI; ,in,l I l r Hid, tie,CI(l p insidiously, preceded by t Vii. l 0 � , i p .r- _' colt ill ulxer[iblc nuh6lly nunr. ,Ii t e inaniicslatio I + "1:1,4%, I pe�s,m acre ns of the primary t< < .. infested rash month.' l hue was mai k,,,1 sea- 111ness. ,.xvtal taii:uion dependent upon Chu.aic and I tic primary inluctinn may he coopers ' 1 4is�'. ;1 rams ill; the tuatiest incidence was ri,mt JuI}: ,1`0,nipt,nnauc or it ❑las result in „iii illness like �`�', Ihroucli ()etobe „hen it was dry and dusty taus iutiue il;i. About one-fifth of the clinical Sp, •'�; Clluteal and p‘uhologie evidence est ebluhesere.iscs hive erythema uodosum I he disease ` t ( at i v ,' the respiratory ti act as a portal of entr} III may heal with no residuuIS it may result in ta': near all cases of human intechon hhe info fibroue Of e deltic pulnum try se to uI r per v'a''; n sisteut thin walled cash 9 uv4_(orms of coeudioidcs ale the auhrospores. Y; or it may rarely .f jf`f'4: s t There is no evidence of transmission It th a per Progress to tile dissenmiaped form ettecidioi- ti 4f4'''. son-to-person or from animal to animal under d tl ciuuuloma, uith abscesses in many organs. , natal it conditions I he question of where the C°ce'dioid II meningitis may mimic lubereu ' }+ia Ions meningitis. ' :r3'''' " fungus multiplies Ind the arthrospores orrgi- ids ndieliira no1been settled The fungus h n been Ii. a ' v repeatedly recovered from soil—samples Ism- Cher! .l"-rat' findings �. moati°suggested that Certain wild rodents, no- ttably pocket mice, may become infaaed and Chest s-rays during the acute phxc of a mud- &1 1 r of die, and In their carcasses the mycelia develop cr rtely severe attack may show densities ur ' ' i 'i- from the spher riles (sporangia)of the pu rasing dicaung pmelleil mucous involvement msari- d ' I r'. in 7 ,r or canoe phase. Dogosh a, and cattle h;ive utous parts of the lung fields, together with ' a ' also been found to enlargeent of the iracheobronchwl glands_ rfIr c he naturally in(Lued. r , Maddv et al' mapped the areas of coccidioiditl These densities gradually decrease and usually DI w sensitivity in borne-raised cattle in Arizona disappear in ❑ few weeks. Eoccidioidomycosis ' l ` Id ,'l tr and demonstrated sharp regional differences. Is frequently mistaken for tuberculosis because It appears that infections with C. immitiv are of its x-ray appe tr ance. t f 2 r' tl:is most likely to occur in areas where the annual ty " rainfall is between l2 and 50 cm,and the mean F to l:: midwinter and midsummer temperatures are LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS I L sl $ above T and 27°C(45°and 80° F)respectively. t These conditions are met throughout most of `Stitt Tevty ?`(A k ' the lower Sonoran Life Zone of the United Delayed-type hypersensitivity to coccidioidin h yc'. t i States, an area which is almost identical to the develops quickly following infection, with over t 1 m y. 'i endemic area of coccidi oidom eosin. 1 i" q Y 90 percent of patients reacting positively to the iks ' 5 4u r, r 1i: . tv + .r s ' .' + ; 470 m Diseases tj,� , skin test Com duringunicable the second week of illness.' the outlook for this serious form of coccidi- 1: i Hypersensitivity apparently persists for many oidomycosis. ,.., g` years. Co cc id'oidm_ however, may fail to -114'1:..i t cause reactions in patients with overwhelming \, ' A7 dis—e ninated disease and in some cases of PREVENTION * 3( I lie ;�,+ :7 chronic pulmonary cavitation. Spherulin, a i ?r i newer antigen, is more sensitive than coccidi- Avoidance of the risk of coccidioidal infection • oidin in detecting infected persons,and neither i demur areas is an unsolved problem. Ap- agent interferes with subsequent serologic test- parently the vast majority of humans who live v,w r' SF4 ing, in contrast to histoplasmin. in these areas gain immunity very quickly 4. q'i r:i through benign natural infections of short du- f ,'lr . sr t8 ration. Under the special conditions that pre- It : d4 AA Serologic Tests vail in army camps in coccidioidal areas, " r rii,i�'t Serologic tests are useful both for diagnosis where large numbers of susceptibles are being j,�.;,,..1 and prognosis.' The tube precipitin test, like introduced and those infected are departing as " "a(°` ' fast as they become immune, measures di- :44c% i the skin test, becomes positive within I to 3 - �'.` ected toward local dust suppression mairte t,'_ weeks after onset of illness but reverts to nega _ ;; I�' live within several months. Complement /`warranted Wherever feasible, grassing should 1I �":',- fixing be used. SurfacmR of roads and, to a limited { r,ii antibodies develop in 4 to 6 weeks. A degree, of athletic areas is important. If turf il +•�' titer of 12 is of diagnostic significance. Sever- 4r r P ity of the disease is reflected by the height of cannot be maintained on these areas, applica- ry; • • ill� the CF titer. A rising titer heralds progression; lion of a highly refined oil may be tried. Such ''. measures, however,are not practical in a civil- e` i;;s a falling titer denotes improvement. The com- i, 6' ' element-fixation test, however, is often nega- ian community of large extent. In California, ii;`. c ','.. five in cases of chronic pulmonary involve- it is recommended that workers in dusty occu- •:4'. i 5 ment. pations in endemic areas be restricted to / known positive reactors to coccidioidin. A vaccine against coccidioidomycosis is being r' Isolation of the Organism developed. h li In laboratories handling C immitis, precau- °i '3' A conclusive diagnosis can be made by finding tions should be taken to prevent airborne i t' C rn initis in sputum, pus, or tissues. A tenta- transmission of the infective arthrospores. °i tive identification may sometimes be made by r.:v m ri ixl coverslip examination of suspected material, but such findings should be confirmed by cul- { i al' ;'}i ture. While C imrnitis grows readily on DERMATOPHYTOSIS l�{'i TI' ,41,Iw Sabouraud's glucose agar at room tempera- Stephan Billstein (,�,' °1 i. ture, more useful differential media are availa- l ar. `t i`,' ble' Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ring- t f°' 4),,,c, - [h, 1464. worm, is a general term used to describe su- r perficial mycotic infections of the dead, cor- ,..te - lac TREATMENT nified layers of the skin and its appendages .`cy s- (hair and nails). These infections are not se- ' Ih�,` TheraI. py of persistent pulmonar lesions vere ordinarily and rarely become systemic. { when indicated is enman y urg yal Am-However,because of high prevalence, they are : ink l photericin leis the drug most,cRnun my used Hof public health significance throughout the ', the r for disseminated disease,but with only moder- world, especially in areas with a warm moist ` 1 ,t:, r ', ate success. Treatment with micomzole and environment and where personal hygiene is in t CHIP wit transfer factor offer hope of impry, g poor. IT i ; -. . ,,...,,.� .: and lug il 4',1'1,!! .F • 900180 , ' s,. . 7 392 SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS / / 1k�c {��/ Qc?c.r a.---C. - Treatmen-f In-mes ses, the infection is confined-to-the Viand subcut. tissues. In a favorable loco t t ra-.m be effected by wide excision of the lesion.Combinatihemoffierapy with local aZlministration of amphotericin B and // s s se of 5-(luorocytosine may be considered for treatment. bXt / % �'� COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS A dust-borne,noncontagious infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coc- cidioides immitis. Infections are limited to arid regions of southwestern USA and to similar areas of Mexico and Central and South America. While many species of animals, including man,are susceptible,only the dog is significantly affected. Ruminants and swine may have subclinical infections with lesions i ' restricted to foci in the lungs and lymph nodes of the thorax. Inhalation of fungal spores is the only established mode of infection and spores may be {1 carried on dust particles. Most bovine infections are contracted in dusty feed- lots. 1 Clinical Findings and Lesions: The disease varies from inapparent or benign I (cattle, sheep, swine, dogs, cats) to progressive, disseminated, and fatal(dogs, nonhuman primates,rarely cats and human beings).Coccidioidomycosis is pri- • madly a chronic respiratory disease,but canine infections disseminate to many r organs. including the eyeball and bone.Thus, clinical signs, when they occur, ican vary greatly, depending on organ involvement and severity of infection. Dogs with disseminated disease may have chronic cough, anorexia, cachexia, j lameness, enlarged joints, fever, and intermittent diarrhea. Dissemination to the skin with draining ulceration may occur,but primary infection through the skin is rare. Gross lesions may be limited to the lungs,mediastinum,and lymph nodes of the thorax,or be disseminated to various organs.Lesions are discrete,variable- sized nodules with a firm,gray-white cut surface,and resemble those of tuber- culosis. The center of the nodules may contain purulent exudate and some 1 lesions may have mineralized foci. Diagnosis: In endemic areas,coccidioidomycosis should be considered in dogs - with chronic bronchopulmonary disease and when pulmonary nodules and en- larged lymph nodes are found in thoracic radiographs.The lesions are pyogran- • ulomas that contain C immitis free in the exudate and in epithelioid and multinucleate giant cells. The organisms vary in size and appear as relatively large (20-80 µm, up to 200 µm) spherules with a double-contoured wall. The mature spherules (sporangia) contain endospores(sporangiospores) 2-5 µm in diameter. Diagnosis is established by demonstrating the spherules in tissues.A positive coccidioidin skin test(swelling with edema or induration present at the zest site 48 hours after injection) indicates exposure. For the test, an intrader- mal injection of 0.1 mL of undiluted coccidioidin is made into the lower edge of the skin of the flank. Attempts to culture the fungus should be restricted to those laboratories with personnel trained to handle such dangerously infective cultures. Treatment: Amphotericin B is the drug of choice.Ketoconazole has been used in man and may be of value in other species. 900180 February 14, 1990 15925 WCR 38 Platteville, CO 80651 Weld County Department of Planning Services 915 10th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 SUBJECT: Longmont Foods Case No. USR 898 Hearing Date - 2/21/90 Gentlemen: The purpose of this letter is to provide a "character reference" for Longmont Foods of 14377 Mead Street, Longmont, Colorado. We have lived within one-half (1/2) mile of Longmont Foods' turkey farm located northeast of Platteville, Colorado, since 1979 (at the address indicated above) . During that time, we have experienced NO problems whatsoever as a result of living this close to their turkey farm. The employees of Longmont Foods are friendly and courteous. To our knowledge, Longmont Foods utilizes local businesses and trades people to the extent practicable. For eleven (11 ) years we have found Longmont Foods to be a "first class operation" AND a good neighbor. It is our pleasure to have this opportunity to recommend Longmont Foods for further expansion in our area. If you have any questions, please feel free to call us at 737- 2578 or 339-0298. Sincerely, /7 Elmer W. Kitzman,—Jr. lm / C.[l/i- 2'-1 , rteZrti/ Audrey L. Kitzman cc: Larry Hatcher 1?±)ii pr k cV,`?1 1 FEB 1 3 i990 �x is ii-4/T �- Wm Cb OIufuFgn$ �.n rnnisrii 900180 Wes Moser and Sons, Inc. • -P-o.Box 205 8394-US Highway 85 Fort Lupton,CO 80621 February 15, 1990 Board of County Commissioners 915 10th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 Dear Sirs: Wes Moser & Sons, Inc. has agreed to haul off the fertilizer produced at the proposed facility on Road 43, (USR 898) . This will be done as the weather permits . At this time, we would not anticipate any delay in removing the turkey fertilizer. As requested, all loads will be tarped before leaving the ranch to reduce blowing and spillage. Wes Moser & Sons, Inc. has used turkey fertilizer for about fifteen years , and thus far are very pleased with the results. We find turkey manure to be as good or better than commercial fertlizers at less cost. I have included some lab tests that we have had run over the past few years that show the amount of nutrients available in turkey fertilizer. Wes Moser & Sons, Inc. has had a working relationship with Longmont Foods for about ten years . We have farm ground opposite the Longview Turkey Farm located at Weld County Roads 49 and 30. In that period of time, we have hauled manure out of many of their facilities, and delivered wood shavings for turkey bedding. Our dealings with Longmont Foods have been good; they do what they say they will do and pay their bills promptly. Sinc ely, John R. Moser jrm/em (303) 785-2903 • Denver No. 659-9663 • WATS: 1-800-621-8387 Ext. 549 • Fort Lupton (303) 857-9409 t l t(1— Cf )0 —T slew 3a,0 `�Su Al JO, # P , i$ #tt � „ J ,l 5 J a O Sep H 1 ; - /G £ i S I C � � O <) SO m, (6 SOU 90 (\ a •. o y 36 _54 1 non(-, l Z (I S3 u 0o �/ � ' �� e 10 n b 34a. 5-2- 3 , 7f t', ^ r6 .") 0. (-4 3 . / )-- , 1 1 ' 5 . / 6 . 2- • 66Y . 011- k ),.1, ‘jil, / 3'): 1 • o-- 9CO1so 0ST 36 LC) 0; CO -0 V) . N I • o1 O a' E O 171 GJ S.. 3 i•• 7 .O 4-- V) D CU .- , - r- VI O 7 4- 4J ro > o y C E 3 CU o N c. co n > C a C te V) O 10 •C N 0.'0 • L M° V) I - - - -I . , E O i O - i v/) I. O. In ac. C O rn Io 0.1 v a L U L I— � '" E4J , _ • .C yr 7O E C •C• >,4J (n Cr) C. . Cr) i 4) C. r 1 W r- 7 O V O L. In >> >>.C . 1 Z •••• N C 4d gy p• IC C eV C l L- CO I V) ELI 01 4•••r- C. (•'M W .} W O' Y 0 y l0 -4 7 .C ,O • -- . a ro a+ ++ m Z In - o E C d N O_ N fV -O O. r-i 4-) -C k, f C LC' - CL •a 0 en al m • 3 = O .0 CT4') V) i r 1 •0 -0 O I-0 J .-CO V) -0 (r) CO >- .... N O) J 3$ CI • Y W O V SD C ... I in 0 W 0 1 1 - F- • n 1 C ~ O = O C r- o N • 4-- >.5- CT U C` O a r N ..0 O • 0 S U CO • C L G t0 U .."...1 IL Y o W C` LL in L.) C - . N C' 3Y 0- • O n 1 .q ' . n o Z • O v --- S- .-4 = O N C • •-1I r-ik ru U •--I O. E C CO EC! -I-• •o— ›- N Y _c D i 1J N U A) r I— MI •, 10 V O 0 N CI- U O Le CJAC � Z N C J N- .-I +z, V- NUJ n N UR1•':. m.'RC.. . . . 1 u3 . 04 0 C NAME DELMAR UAL TER 124e1 PG AD 43 Analyzed by: H U D S O to U0442 4 2 TRIPLE "8" LAB, INC. FIRM DELMAR & c 1ER 124e1 P .. .-,P 43 - HUDSON . ,: r U0642 6 4 2 At Johnson's Corner On Interstate 25 LAS . NU 92 '48 02 ,_E NO 5 6 1 4 ,. : Loveland, Colorado 80537 Box 678 Phone 303-667-6671 S*ft94.E s. , FEED I URisky . E le ',V*IsS10411,ERCEMT it 14 Int"*W 4 NS 1S DRY 1t*•.ITER. . MOISTURE 12 . 12 0: 14 041 . .x tH QR , '.. - < 0 . 476 0 -341 ' .' ''' POTASSIUM 1 , t '% : 615 y y ^ au."«pK 3, K IIb wa, '' ',Li; . s I we1zl ' <2'i 7 LA 763 +C. i1MiF+ 4RCANIC tic;TIER 14 46 .:: 48 *440* Suitt itte8I Lain LItr4a 1D S. PER TON NUIRTENT FRti l t TOTAL. N1Teorzeti ,, ,. s, 4 ?2 IF: 28�; 4a P'i14$P MTE A P203 . ' : 5 . 423 21 . 698 • 4. * e Maktt. SA@A: .«` T:! 9 . 3 t4 34 . 054 eafK, :•b,--. n ;F,c ?:mar!,sti‘"'=.At11MYKtsa :"'rtilM1rmr''%x*Y:: a., 'militia', Ss y� R n .� x , ';.A t .4vasRY"�;g�e,tt444 4. j4 :trn e w 6 • i , 4#,.. ''',1141, c' ttr .y .4 ( 717) „4, �✓� ‘ , ' v a. x. ''� , �{«"'w>. iry 4. li"tf--- t +. >42. s v. i`k. ,t,,,4._ 4e4 i - k yY� 4 ( _ * E 5'yA - �{ • "Rtx`a L 104 '34! n, 'K •`*, t' + , /s � F '+��..4.�7 n ' .+., 4481,..1> . . � .,'„ ... r�� Y� ., .r.,,rwxlts� -.� Ar 900180 a „ fit°, �.. Feb . 15 , 1990 Weld County Commissioners Weld County Centennial Center 915 Tenth Street Greeley , Colorado , 80631 Re : Case no . USR 898 Enclosed herewith is a written reply resulting from a tele- phone conversation I had with D A McMartin , Extension Specialist , Poultry Health and Animal Welfare , University of California , Davis , Veternary Medicine Extension . As you can see by his reply , there is some risk involved to non poultry species in proximity to poultry species . Longmont Foods spokesmen refuse to acknowledge this fact . I have written to Mr . McMartin and he assures me that he will have answeres to my specific questions in the mail for me by Friday , Feb . 17 , 1990 . He also sent me a copy of "Managment Guidelines For Poultry Facilities" which are curently being legislated in Fresno County , California . Similar laws have already been enacted in Tulare , Kings , and Madera Counties in California . The important fact is that the enacted and proposed laws were reccommended by the California Turkey Forum , a breeders association . Under part 3 of the "Siting Standards" of the California Legislation the proposed USR 898 would not be permitedbecause of the residence on property owned by me is located within 250 feet of the closest proposed turkey facility ( located within the micro windshed area , which extends 1200 feet downwind ) . I also phoned John Voris , University of California turkey specialist . John said that a dwelling that is not owned by the turkey facility that is located within 250 to 300 feet^the facility is way to close . He also said that it is unwise for a Turkey Facility to locate that close to a feedlot type of cattle operation that is within 200 feet of the closest proposed turkey pen . He also indicated that cattle can be inert carriers of organisms or microbes that can be detrimental to turkeys just as people can be . I assume that is why people have to shower and don sterile clothing before entering a turkey facility . I also wish to point out that the 34 acres for this proposed Turkey Facility was subdivided off of the parcel that I bought from x / 900180 2 Aristocrat Angus Ranch . Part of my irrigated land is irrigated from an irrigation ditch located on the subject 34 acre property and the "no trespassing" policy of turkey facilities for health reasons to the turkeys will prevent me from irrigation part of my land . I find that totally unacceptable . For the reasons I have stated herein and in previously written communications , I urge the Commissioners to support the negative vote of the Planning Department and refuse to permit the proposed turkey facility . T ank you , Robert L . Andersen 200180 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Vet Med Extension DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 95616 REPLY TO: 916-752-0853 January 9, 1990 Mr. Bob Anderson 15370 Telluride Street Brighton, Colorado 80601 Dear Bob: We talked today by phone about the proposed turkey growing facility 200 feet from your bovine embryo transfer operation. Here in the Central Valley of California there are considerable problems in the siting of new poultry facilities for two main reasons: 1) The potential feather, dust, fly, and odor problems to homeowners and institutions (schools, hospitals, etc. ) in the vicinity. 2) Potential for disease transmission between poultry flocks, but there is also some concern for disease transmission to other non-poultry species. Some counties have, and others are thinking about, zoning restrictions for poultry. Just in the last few days I have received from my colleague John Voris, University of California turkey specialist, guidelines being considered by Fresno County. I am enclosing a copy which may be helpful. However, John is more current than I am on this, and you might want to contact him at 209-891-2548. It is difficult to quantify the degree of risk of microbiological transmission between premises. There is always some risk, even when premises are a mile or more apart, because of wind-borne transmission, movement of rodents and birds, water seepage, and so on. However, it is also usually impossible to prove that an organism on one site actually came from a neighboring site, although some of the newer technologies may change this. One way of helping to build protection for your business in the event of a new potential disease source near you, is to have detailed records of problems, or no problems, amongst your animals prior to the time the new facility was installed. The University 01 California Cooperative Extension in compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964,Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 does not discriminate on the basis of race,creed,religion,color,national origin,sex,or mental or physical handicap in any of its programs or activities,or with respect to any of itsemploymentpolicies,practices or procedures.The University of Californiadoes not discriminate on the basis of age,ancestry,sexual orientation,martial status,citizenship,nor because individuals are disabled or Vietnam era veterans.Inquiries regarding this policy may be • directed to the Affirmative Action Officer,2120 University Avenue,University of California,Berkeley,California 94720,(415)644-4270. University of California and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. 913®gso I will be happy to try and answer any more specific questions which you have. Sincerely, U.A. McMartin Extension Specialist, Poultry Health and Animal Welfare DAM:cje Enclosure cc: John Voris 900180 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR POULTRY FACILITIES MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES Fresno County requires the preparation of a management plan by a poultry grower -for all poultry facilities in Fresno County to control and manage nuisances 5associated with poultry facilities. The grower/operator should provide a written management plan describing the management practices necessary to control feather, dust, fly and odor nuisances. This plan shall be submitted to and approved by the Health Department prior to operation. The following guidelines shall apply: 1. Generally, feathers shall be maintained on the site of the poultry facility. Feather control is especially critical with certain agricultural sensitive crops such as raisin grapes grown on adjacent or nearby properties. The plan should address how feathers will be be controlled from leaving the property. This may include special fencing, vegetative screens, poultry netting or -other methods of controlling feathers at the property line. These controls or features may not be required on all ranches or along all property lines on a ranch but may be considered on a case-by-case basis. Unconfined or semi-confined poultry facilities will require careful planning and control measures to keep feathers on-site. 2. Dust shall be controlled and minimized to avoid causing a nuisance to nearby residences, sensitive uses, and other agricultural operations. Currently, the best method of controlling dust within poultry houses is by fogging or an evaporative cooling system. Practices may change to better control dust through technological changes, research and development. As this occurs, other acceptable dust control systems are encouraged. The design of these systems shall be the responsibility of the grower and will depend on the size, type and location of the facilities. In developing a dust control system, it is essential to properly manage the moisture content in the litter. The litter must not be too dry or it will promote disease, or too wet as it will produce odors and/or flies. The control of dust on unconfined and semi-confined poultry facilities will be difficult. Therefore, these types of poultry facilities should only be located in unpopulated areas and where there are no nearby dust sensitive uses. If the facility is located in an extremely sensitive situation, the major roads may need to be dressed in an approved manner to reduce the production -of dust from traffic. 3. The poultry operator shall develop a fly management and odor control program. The program shall cover all aspects of the operation to adequately manage potential odor and fly nuisance problems including manure management, litter -management, spilled feed clean up, dead bird disposal , • and bait -programs. Z3 1 OP <, 900180 - In general , manure clean-out should include the prompt removal of manure. The ability to remove manure will depend on the time of the year and the weather: Manure that is wet or that may become wet, should be covered to prevent flies from emerging or breeding. Manure/litter that has the potential to cause a problem should be removed from the facility or adequately covered within 7 days from clean-out. Dead birds must be removed from the poultry houses and disposed of in a manner that prevents the production of flies and odors. An acceptable manner is placing all dead in air tight pits called "Utah Cookers" where the water table will allow. Another method is hauling the dead to a rendering facility. In general , fly management is directly related to litter management. Litter that is properly managed for the best health of poultry is too dry for fly production. Essentially, fly management is keeping moisture out of manure and feed. Of special concern is the period right after a flock of poultry have gone to market. A program to prevent the leakage from waterers, fogger nozzles, and the clean up process into the litter must be instituted. Wet litter should be removed or tilled into dry litter. Wet litter that is removed should be covered with plastic to prevent the production of flies. Since flies are attracted to poultry facilities, the operator shall be prepared to use bait for adult flies and have a plan for spraying adult flies during the growing season and larva in special cases like a water spill . All feed spills must be cleaned up promptly to prevent fly production. 4. A rodent control program shall be in place. There are many different types of rodent control programs. Each facility needs to develop the combination of methods that best suit that facility. The Agricultural Commissioner and seminars conducted by the poultry industry help keep the industry abreast of the latest methods of controlling rodents. 3.' Special design considerations of the facilities are required when outside runs are a part of the operation. a. The entire run needs to be provided with adequate sprinkler coverage. b. All runs shall be graded and sloped to prevent low areas that will accumulate organic material and moisture. t. The runs should be graded to drain to the outside of the fenced runs. c. The sprinklers shall be operated so as to prevent flooding and/or standing water. t40TE: The onsAite disposal of dead birds may require a discharge permit from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). 2 900180 PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR THE SITING AND OPERATION OF POULTRY FACILITIES DEFINITIONS: Poultry facility. Where used, the term "Poultry Facility" includes all coops, barns, and pens which may be utilized in conjunction with poultry production. When measuring setbacks and distances between poultry facilities, measurements should be taken from or between the most proximate of the above described facilities. Areas used for crop production or not otherwise utilized in the production of poultry shall not be included for purposes of determining setbacks and distances. Unconfined Poultry Facility. An "Unconfined Poultry Facility" includes any Poultry Facility where birds are predominantly raised in open pens with or without shades and are subject to the elements. Semi-confined Pou] ry FacilitA "Semi-confined ility includes any Poultry Facility where birds are raised within a c fully enclosed climate controlled structure part of the time, but also released into open pens at intervals.Total Cofinement Poultry ity. A "Total Confinement Poultry Facility" refers to any Poultry lFacility where all birds are housed within fully enclosed climate controlled structures and where no open pens are utilized. environmentally Controlled Poultry Facility. An "Environmentally Controlled Poultry Facility" refers to a Poultry Facility that has solid side and end walls with all openings sealed except for fan exits. SITING STANDARDS: 1. Poultry facilities are permitted by right in the .AE (Exclusive Agricultural) 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 District subject to the regulations stated herein unless otherwise subject to a CUP or DRA. 2. A new poultry facility, except an environmentally controlled facility, shall not be permitted when ten or more dwellings or a sensitive use such as school, public park, hospital, etc. are located within the windshed area (Diagram B)r 3. A new poultry facility shall not be permitted when an existing dwelling not owned by the poultry operator/owner, is located within the micro windshed area (Diagram A) . The required separations specified in diagram "A" may be reduced to one-half for environmentally controlled poultry facilities. lli/� fr e � A n.� �j,/ , ��: 900180 7 µ' m 4 4. The new poultry raising operation should not have its main structures less than the distance shown on the accompanying Micro (local area) Windshed Diagram (attached Diagram A) to an occupied dwelling owned by a property owner other than the poultry site owner/operator, nor shall it be less than one-half mile upwind or one-quarter mile downwind from an established citrus, vineyard, deciduous fruit, or vegetable . agricultural enterprise. NOTE: It has been suggested that this policy be amended so that fully enclosed poultry operations would not be subject to the separation standards from vineyards, orchards or vegetables. 5. New poultry facilities shall set back a minimum of 50 feet from all property lines, ditches, canals or other water ways and 100 feet from all public roads. 6. A new poultry facility shall be located at least two miles from any existing poultry facility except fora new poultry facility owned by the same grower. Eating egg producing facilities and pullets for eating egg production shall be at least fivA-e_„ miles from any other poultry facility. 7. The County shall send a notice to all property owners_within Ole-halfMile -------- - -- - - —of a proposed poultry - fa- _ ___ ose of thhe`notiae is to inform the owners that the Countyhasp issued a permit for a poultry facility. DISCUSSION: 1. What happens to proposed poultry facilities that do not meet the siting standards? Should there be a process to consider an exception to the standards for such facilities? DRA process accepted. 2. What process should the County use to review compliance with the proposed regulations? The County will have to develop and application form to allow for evaluation of site from a standard standpoint. vYi) 900180 - _ D/AgrRAni A Micro Wind. 3ha4 D ;as r0nA IlL Nop,TN f 2;Pc\ 0 • �kw� NW. de •`\;e4 St Aof S( 'j "Nib 4 P3/4 a... A 4 b fiM) 930180 Wind shasd Dlajrar V IN No TR IC boo' / \ 1 P'uItry A+c; Isly 1,eo' N I k 1 �° 'c- Rc o_ N. ...... ...... , 54 cIS '*J - ___ _ __ S0®fit f1161\ AVAH" IEmoRAnDum To Lanell Curry, Planning Date Fe t ry 1(, 1990 COLORADO From Drnw Srheltinga, !'minty Fngineer Subject: Longmont Foods Turkey Fari 1 itv, II,SR-RQR In response to Mr. Ken Lind's letter of February 7, 1990, I have more closely examined the roads that would serve the proposed turkey facility. We have two traffic counts on Road 43 between Roads 40 and 44. One indicates 129 vehicles per day, and the other 174. Also, we have traffic counts on Weld County Road 42 between Roads 39 and 43. They are for 94 vehicles per day, and 74 vehicles per day. I believe these traffic counts fairly represent the present usage on the roads in the area. On February 9, 1990, I drove all the county roads in the vicinity of the site. I found all the roads in the area to be of average width, along with suitable horizontal and vertical alignment. Also, although washboarding was present, I saw no major structural deficiencies. All the road surfaces had a good to fair covering of gravel. There are three posted bridges in the area as follows: -Bridge 43/42A 10 Tons $ridge 42/39A 22,34,34 Tons Bridge 42/41A 16,26,26 Tons In Mr. Zind's letter, he indicates Longmont Foods intends to reduce the operation from three phases to two. This would have some effect on the originally projected traffic, and he now predicts 6.3 passenger vehicle trips per day and 2.2 heavy vehicle trips per day. From the traffic counts indicated above, Road 43 has -an average of 150 vehicles per day and -Road 42 has an average of approximately 85 vehicles per day. Even if these projections are low, the traffic that would be generated from the proposed facility will be a small percentage of the total traffic. With one exception, my recommendation remains the same as my memorandum of November 27, 1989. A Road Maintenance Agreement could be made between the Board of Weld County Commissioners and the applicant. Additionally, I -recommend a haul route be established between the applicant and the Boast .= orj of Weld County Commissioners so that any impacts and mitigating actgitkes r�-r can be isolated to an identifiable area. m 'PL w 1JS/mw:prlong C.n cc: Commissioner Kirby o Ken Lind Planning Referral File - Longmont Foods Turkey Facility, USR-880.3 °fir' / 1 ;,_. X/s.rir / . T 11/ S' DEPARTMENT OFPLANNING SERVICES WELL i t ii M' I H1 " CASE NUMBER USR-898 COLORADO - r- Id November 8, 1989 i 'I PI(1`;l q 1 ` o^i i \rig ....JT TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Enclosed is an applicaticn for a Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit from Longmont Foods for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district. The parcel of land is described as part of the NE§ SEi -of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado. The location of the parcel of land for which this application has been submitted is west of Weld County Read 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38 . This application is submitted to you Tor review and recomtendation. Any comments or recommendation you consider relevant to this request would be appreciated. Your prompt reply will help to facilitate the processing of the application and will ensure prompt consideration cf your recommendation. ?lease reply by November 22, 1989, so that we may give full consideration to your recommendation. Please call Lanell J. Curry, Current Planner, if you have any questions about the application. Check the appropriate boxes below and return to our address listed above. 1. We have reviewed this request and find that it does/does not) comply with our Comprehensive Plan for the following reasons. 2. We do not have a Comprehensive -Plan, but we feel this request (is/is not) compatible with the interests of our to1an for the following reasons: 3.,_ We have reviewed the request and find no conflicts with r_ � interests. `� g a, -„ -..T2- 4. A formal recommendation is under consideration and tall be, 21 submitted to you prior to: 7 — -'-� 5. -Please refer to the enclosed letter. ri Signed: '... --._w..N __ — Atsncy: - _ _ o Nat-. - qr- 1rj S001s0 t tf ,T�` Colorado Quality Research f� 1401 DUFF DRIVE, SUITE 700 FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80524 (303) 484-0747 Officers FAX: (303) 484-8414 February 13, 1990 Carey L. Quarles President and Chief Executive Officer Franklin Carter Executive Vice President Gail Mohney Board of County Commissioners Senior Weld County Vice President 915 10th Street JoAnne M, Capasso Greeley, CO 80361 Vice President Dear Commissioners: Joy L. Shapiro Secretary/ Treasurer 1 would like to comment on USR Application 898 — Turkey Brooding Facility on County Road 43. There are seven species of turkey coccidia and they are host specific to turkeys only. Since all coccidia are host specific, there should be no concern of turkey coccidia effecting other species such as -cattle and swine. In fact, turkey coccidia will not even effect chickens. -Sincerely, qv, 4;11.44A-- Dr. Carey L. Quarles President and Chief Executive Officer State of Colorado County of Larimer • Appeared before me this day, February 13, 1990, arey L. arl Joy Shapiro, ota y MYC tM':SIOfdF.xrsj:f_3 TT!: • ' 200180 fx.tyt it 36Prttr Draw Sun (nub Formation of Corporation December 12, 1921 January 5 , 1990 Clerk to the Board Weld County Commissioners 915 10th Street Greeley, CO 80631 Re: Application of Longmont Foods for a Turkey Brooding Facility NE q, SWa, Sec. 33, Township 4 N. , Range 65 W. of the 6th P .M. Gentlemen: The Beebe Draw Gun Club facilities are in the approximate vicinity of the new proposed brooding facility which has sought approval from the Weld County Department of Planning Services . The application was denied. We are advised the matter is to be scheduled for further hearing before the Board of County Commissioners . We would appreciate receiving notice of the time, date and place of the proposed hearing when determined by the Board of County Commissioners . The notice may be sent to The Beebe Draw Gun Club, c/o Robert A. Ruyle, P. O. Box 2440 , Greeley, Colorado 80632 . Thank you for your assistance in providing us notice of the proposed hearing . Sincerely, THE BEEBE DRAW GUN CLUB / e f - Robert A. Ruyle Secretary RAR/kh cc : Weld County Department of Planning Services Kenneth F. Lind . Nicholas G. Kosmic.k John W. Zurbrigen James R. Listen 200180 T Brighton Animal Clinic, Inc. 180 Bromley Lane Brighton, Colorado 80601 659-2472 Alan R. Rice, DVM JAN 4 1990 December 30 , 1989 Weld County Commossioners 915 10th Street Greeley , Co . 80631 I understand there is a proposed turkey raising in Weld County on WCR 43 . The nearest neighbor , Bob anderson , is my client and asked me if _I thought the proposed facility posed any serious risks to his ranch . I have two concerns . The first is , can we be assured that the poultry waste can be disposed of in a safe manner. Salmonella infections in young cattle is a serious disease and can be transfered from facility to facility by birds and rodents . Secondly , the traffic on WCR 43 is already too heavy for the condition of the road . Will there be enough additional traffic to the new facility to add to what is already a hazardous condition with excess dust? Before you approve this facility , Please be assured that it will not place further risks to existing farms and ranches . Sincerely , 2O180 Summary of the Weld County Planning County Planning Commission tecember 5, 1989 Page 6 She believes that having work sessions with the County -Commissioners, which are not public hearings where People would have a right to have input, is not in the best interest of the residents of the County or the County as a whole, and she feels it would set a precedence for other Actions for the County. Also, she does not have enough information dealing with agreements that are going to be made. Agreements she would like to see in place are with Greeley Irrigation _Company, the Department of Wildlife, a Road Improvements Agreement made -with the County, and some kind of specific steps that would be taken to protect the landowners if their wells are affected, more information -dealing with the fourteen foot liner, and whether this is an optimal type of liner. Whether a fourteen foot liner will work or not. The • economic value of a shallow lake for storage in both the short and long run, and if there is any value at all in a shallow lake for storage. So, based on an incomplete application she is not able to see that this is a plan that is workable. Jerry Kiefer would have accepted a continuance to get all of these questions answered, but the applicant did want a direction. A motion is the only way to give the applicant direction, so he seconds the motion. -The Chairman called for discussion from the members of the Planning _Commission. Discussion followed. The Chairman asked the secretary to poll the memh,.rs of the Planning Commission for their decision. Ann Garrison - yes; Jerry Burnett - yes; Judy Yamaguchi - yes; LeAnn Reid - yes; Bud Halldorson - yes; Rick Iverson - yes; Bud Clemons - yes; Jerry Kiefer - yes; Ernie Ross - yes. Motion carried unanimously. NOTICE: 4:08 p.m. LeAnn Reid, Bud Halldorson, and Rick Iverson have left the meeting. CASE NUMBER: USR-898 4 NAME: Longmont Foods, c/o Kenneth Lind REQUEST: A Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for a Turkel Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the A (Agricultural) zone district LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the NEI SE* of Section 33, T4N, R65W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of Weld County Road 43, approximately .5 miles north of Weld County Road 38 200180 Exh'iba D Summary of the Weld County Planning County Planning Commission December 5, 1989 Page 7 APPEARANCE: Ken Lind, Attorney at Law, represented the applicant. This request is for a turkey brooding facility for the care and raising of turkey poults from one day to six weeks old. This facility is important because it provides for a -completely integrated facility for Longmont Farms. The facility will be totally enclosed and the poults totally confined. Also, agricultural economic impacts will be more stable for the County because livestock and poultry products run in economic cycles. When one is up the other is down. This will help stabilize the agricultural economic impacts for Weld County. The applicant will comply with all road maintenance agreements. Tape 363 - Side 1 Bob Edson, D.V.M., Longmont Foods, stated he has worked with poultry in the United Stated and the United Kingdom. He discussed the possibility of diseases which will cross from poultry to other animals and man and the precautionary measures that are taken. Nineteen of the twenty farms owned by Longmont Foods are in Weld County. He discussed manure disposal used for fertilizer and bedding. Longmont Foods has seven breeding farms. This will be their only brooding farm and at one day of age they will ship about half of the poults to this farm, and about half will be shipped to other areas. The recommendation of the Lo Salle Fire District was discussed. A fill pipe will be installed at Stage 2 instead of Stage 3. A key will be provided to the Fire Department so water will be available to anyone in the area needing it for fire fighting purposes. He discussed the dangers from methane gas and combustion when storing manure in an enclosed building. He suggested the proposed Development Standard #3 be adopted. The Chairman called for discussion from the audience. Tom Hellerich, Attorney at Law, represented a number of landowners in the area who are opposed to this request because of possible disease problems, storage of manure, the possibility of noise disturbing the birds from aerial applicators, etc. There is no indication of the number of trips per day presented in the application materials. The property owners are also concerned about dust, and maintenance of roads and bridges in the area. The possibility of the spread of air borne diseases through the ventilator system is another area of concern. James and Lydia Oster, surrounding property owners, spoke against this request because of the increased traffic, careless driving by the truck drivers, and the affect of dust on people and growing crops. Tape 363 - Side 2 900180 Summary of the Weld County Planning County Planning Commission December 5, 1989 Page 8 -Harold Bohlender, area property owner, spoke about his concerns regarding -health problems to other animals in the area. Also, this will spoil the farm/ranch setting of the area. Dan Oster, area farmer and chemist, spoke against this request because of dust, increased traffic, and the affect of the dust on both growing and stored crops. Be also discussed the _possible adverse affects of salts applied to roadways to provide dust abatement. Be asked that this request be denied. Donna Oster, area resident, discussed the dangers posed to area residents and children by trucks traveling at excessive speeds and driving in a careless manner. tvelyn Knaub, area property owner, expressed her concerns about increased -lust, and diseases and infections carried by the birds that are transferrable to humans and animals. Fred Sekick reported he lives one mile west of another existing turkey farm. Longmont Foods has been a very good neighbor at this facility. Storage of manure is not a problem and is used by the local farmers as fertilizer. The Chairman asked Rod Allison to read the recommendation, conditions, and -Development Standards prepared by the Department of Planning Services staff into the record. Pod Allison stated the staff is recommending the existing Development Standard $3 remain in tact. _AMENDMENT: Ann Garrison moved Development Standard #3, as recommended by Ken Lind, be amended to read as follows: 3. The applicant shall remove, handle, and stockpile manure from the poultry confinement area in a manner that will prevent nuisance conditions. The manure piles shall not be allowed to exist or deteriorate to a condition that Sacilitates excessive odors, flies or insect pests, or pollutant runoff. The manure storage site shall have a watertight surface which does not _permit seepage or percolation of manure pollutants. In the event that removal of the manure stockpile from the site cannot be completed within 5 days, the stockpile shall be covered securely in such a fashion as to protect against vector-borne pathogens being transported off-site, and shall remain securely covered until removed off-site. and that it be substituted for the existing Development Standard #3. Motion seconded by Jerry Burnett. 900180 Summary of the Weld County Planning County Planning Commission December 5, 1989 Page 9 The Chairman called for discussion from the members of the Planning Commission. The Chairman asked the secretary to poll the members of the Planning Commission for their decision. Ann Garrison - yes; Jerry Burnett - yes; Judy Yamaguchi - yes; Bud Clemons - yes; Jerry Kiefer - no; Ernie Ross - yes. Motion carried with five voting for the motion and one voting against the motion. MOTION: Jerry Burnett moved Case Number USR-898 for Longmont Foods for a Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit for a Turkey Brooding Facility (150,000 turkeys) in the Agricultural zone district be forwarded to the Board of County Commissioners with the Planning Commission's recommendation for approval based upon the recommendation, and conditions, presented by the Department of Planning Services' staff, the Development Standards prepared by the staff and amended by the Planning Commission, and the testimony heard by Planning Commission. Motion seconded by Jerry Kiefer. The Chairman called for discussion from the members of the Planning Commission. The Chairman asked the secretary to poll the members of the Planning Commission for their decision. Ann Garrison - no; Jerry Burnett - yes; Judy Yamaguchi - no; Bud Clemons - abstain; Jerry Kiefer - no; Ernie Ross - yes. Motion carried was denied with two voting for the motion, three voting against the motion and one abstaining. The Chairman declared a break at 6:25 p.m. The meeting was reconvened at 6:30 p.m. NOTICE: 6:30 p.m. Judy Yamaguchi has left the meeting. CASE NUMBER: Z-452 APPLICANT: Foster Ridge Business Park, 25-66, Ltd. , c/o James Rees REQUEST: A Change of Zone for A-1 (Agriculture) to PUD (Planned Unit Development) for C-3 (Commercial) , C-4 (Highway Commercial) , and I-1 (Industrial) zone districts LEGAL DESCRIPTION: NE} of Section 27, T3N, R68W of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado LOCATION: West of and adjacent to I-25 and south of and adjacent to State Highway 66 900180 LIND, LAWRENCE & OTTENHOFF ATTORNEYS AT LAW THE LAW BUILDING 1011 ELEVENTH AVENUE P o.BOX 326 GREELEY.COLORADO 80632 GEORGE F.OTTENHOFF TELEPHONE KENNETH F.LIND (303)353 2323KIM R.LAWRENCE (303)356-9160 TELECOPIER December 8, 1989 308)3561111 The Board of County Commissioners of Weld County 915 Tenth Street Greeley, CO 80631 Re: Longmont Foods (USR-898 ) Dear Commissioners: Please let this letter serve as a request to docket a hearing concerning the above referenced Use by Special Review at your earliest possible convenience. It is our request that this matter be forwarded to the Board of County Commissioners from the Weld County Planning Commission for a public hearing . Our office, as well as the applicant, guarantees that all advertising costs for this matter will be paid . If you have any questions, please contact the undersigned. Very truly yours, LIND, 1dAWRFICE /TTENHOFF Kenneth F. Lind KFL/cg pc: Longmont Foods 7::_ 9"1180 page 2 Memorandum of Understanding or assignees harmless for any damage to turkeys in any way while -aircraft are turning around to spray fields on the land owned by the Osters . • This agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefits of the heirs, personal representatives, successors, and assigns of the parties hereto. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument is executed as of the date first above written. • Robert K. Edson Director of _Live Production • -Longmont Foods, Inc. 4/ 1 am - es L. Oster ( . e-s Lelia E. Oster Arta) Donna L. Oster 900180 19923 WCR 43 La Salle, Colorado 80645 February 15 , 1990 Mr. Robert K. Edson Director of Live Production Longmont Foods, Inc . 14377 Mead Street -Longmont, Colorado 80501 Dear Mr . Edson: At the Weld County Planning Commission meeting held on December 5 , 1989 , you and Mr. Lind went on record to state that the proposed turkey brooding facility which will be one-half mile away from our land will not interfere in any way with our past historical use of air space in turning around by aerial applicators when spraying our fields . Please study the enclosed memorandum of understanding, sign, and return one copy to us by Tuesday, February 20, 1990. Thank you. Sincerely, James L. Oster Cam ' fly , Lelia E. Oster Donna L. Oster 900180 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING This memorandum of understanding is made and entered into this ISM" day of jz- y.),ccaJcy , 1990, by and between James L. Oster and Lelia E. Oster, husbaiid and wife, of 19923 WCR 43 , La Salle, Colorado 80645 and Donna L. Oster of 21333 WCR 40, La Salle, Colorado, 80645, and Longmont Foods, 14377 Mead Street, Longmont, Colorado, 80501 , Robert K. Edson, Director of Live Production. WITNESSETH THAT Whereas, Osters are owners of land located one-half mile north of the proposed Longmond Turkey brooding facility. The legal description for Osters ' land is : James L. and Lelia E. Oster SW4SW4/W2S2N2/SW4 of Section 27, Township 4 North, Range 65 West of 6th .P.M. N2E2E2 Section 28, Township 4 North, Range 65 West of 6th P.M. Donna L. Oster £E4SW4/E2S2N2/SW4 Section 27, Township 4 North, Range 65 West of 6th P.M. S2E2E2, Section 28, Township 4 North, Range 65 W of 6th P.M. The legal description for the proposed Longmont Foods turkey facility is located in part of NE4/SE4 of Section 33, Township 4 N, R 65 W of 6th P.M. Lot "A" Recorded Exemption No. 1055-33-4-RE1086, recorded June 17, 1988, in Book 1199 at Reception No. 2145193. The pests on the land owned by the Osters have been sprayed by aerial application in a north-south direction for the past 25 or more years. Historically, the aerial applicator aircraft have used the air space directly over the area of land where the proposed turkey facility may be built to turn around. All the parties to this memorandum of understanding agree with page 3, paragraph 6, of the document prepared by Mr. Kenneth Lind regarding Longmont Foods USR 898 : "The use is compatible with existing surrounding land uses which are all agricultural in nature at the present time. " WHEREAS, Osters and Longmont Foods agree that the use of the air space over the proposed turkey facility by aerial applicators to turn around is an historical use and is compatible with existing surrounding land use which is agricultural in nature. Longmont Foods , Inc. or their assignees will hold the Osters, their heirs, s00180 H AA O11181 c--/wt)i-z-ct Arn 671-1 O.4,4 ! -- 200180 WELD COUNTY PLANNING COM. FEB. 18 , 1990 915 10th STREET GREELEY , CO REF : PROPOSED TURKEY FACILITY DEAR SIRS : As a brief introduction to myself , WESTERN TRANSPLANTS , Terry & Denise Morris , 10213 WCR # 43 , we own and operate an Embryo Transfer facility here just throwing distance from the Longmont Foods proposed turkey raising facility . We have listed below with brief discussion several major concerns we have with this project . Please be advised that we , as both a rural family and a small business , are very concerned and therefore against this facility being approved for construction ! 1 ) HEALTH As I am sure you are aware , any type of livestock operation , whether cattle , hogs , or what ever , has it ' s own health and pest control problems . We have our share of birds and flies to deal with , and it is a very real problem when we have to accept the fact that these pests were not HOME GROWN , but rather unwanted imports from neighboring operations . The bottom line here is the fact we do not need a tremendous increase in this problem. There are , whether the staff veterinarians at Longmont Foods want to admit it or not , some very real and dangerous health considerations for our clients cattle in reference to the coccidia and salmonela transmission possibilities from the birds and rats generated by this turkey facility . We are directly responsible for close to 500 , 000 dollars worth of registered females as this is being written , and if we lost one of the very valuable donor cows for one of our clients , we could accept the fact that we are done and just close the door ! Our clients have , on the most , been very concerned also and several have indicated that if this thing was to go in , then they would very likely be forced to remove their donors fRom this facility , therefore we lose a substantial portion of our income potential ! I am sure the good people at Longmont Foods will not lose any sleep over one small operator , but we kind of like being able to make a living here in this valley , and it is not impossible to envision the fact that we may be put out of business if this goes through your voting process . PAGE # 1 S00180 2 ) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Just in case some of you may not be aware of it , there are several months during the year that we do get considerable wind from the north here , and being rock throwing distance from the proposed facility , we can look forward to have all of their refuse , ie . feathers , dried manure , dust , trash etc . , come to visit and very probably establish a permanent home here on our facility ! We do not care to have to deal with this , and unless you have never seen one of these facilities , then please believe me when I say that they are not covered with green grass and flowers ! It would be a fair statement I suppose to say that we would get considerable dirt buildup along the perimeter fences , as well as any weeds that blow this way . However , the biggest concern is the further problems with the possible health risks as we discussed above . I find it to be totally unacceptable to be forced to put up with the invasion of the health and environmental deteriation that definitely will happen if this thing is approved . We are raising three small boys here on the ranch we have partially leased from Mr . Bob Andersen , and until recently have looked forward to a long future of quality living in a quality environment . With this turkey plant coming in , we can expect just as long of a future looking out our windows and seeing shiny steel buildings instead of the present irrigated hay fields that presently are in production where this facility will eventually stand . So much for that I guess , and it is not surprising that we will be pushed out of the way , it is obvious our clout and resources are nothing compared to Con-Agra ! 3 ) CONCLUSIONS Please believe us when we sound concerned , because we are very concerned . We have built a small but so far profitable operation here on leased property . If we lose any customers from the impending turkey raising facility , we are not only saving labor , we are losing income directly because of this facility ! If we lose several customers as residents , then we lose our ability to continue to lease the facility from the owners , and therefore two things will happen , first , we would be forced to leave because of failure to pay , and the owners would be under an additional financial load themselves ! If this goes in , we have several options to consider , all of them negative ! SINCERELY;4 JJ �- J x 444'4 & DENISE L . MORRIS WESTERN TRANSPLANTS 9C0180 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Vet Med Extension DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 95616 REPLY TO: 916-752-0653 January 9, 1990 Mr. Bob Anderson 15370 Telluride Street Brighton, Colorado 80601 Dear Bob: We talked today by phone about the proposed turkey growing facility 200 feet from your bovine embryo transfer operation. Here in the Central Valley of California there are considerable problems in the siting of new poultry facilities for two main reasons: 1) The potential feather, dust, fly, and odor problems to homeowners and institutions (schools, hospitals, etc. ) in the vicinity. 2) Potential for disease transmission between poultry flocks, but there is also some concern for disease transmission to other non-poultry species. Some counties have, and others are thinking about, zoning restrictions for poultry. Just in the last few days I have received from my colleague John Voris, University - of California turkey specialist, guidelines being considered by Fresno County. I am enclosing a copy which may be helpful. However, John is more • current than I am on this, and you might want to contact him at 209-891-2548 . It is difficult to quantify the degree of risk of • microbiological transmission between premises. There is always some risk, even when premises are a mile or more apart, because of wind-borne transmission, movement of rodents and birds, water • seepage, and so on. However, it is also usually impossible to • prove that an organism on one site actually came from a neighboring • site, although some of the newer technologies may change this. One way of helping to build protection for your business in the event of a new potential disease source near you, is to have detailed records of problems, or no problems, amongst your animals prior to the time the new facility was installed. • The University of California Cooperative Extension in compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964,Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 does not discriminate on the Oasis of race,creed,religion,color,national origin,sex,or mental or physical handicap in any of its programs or activities.or with respect to any of its employment policies,practices or procedures.(heUniversityof California does not discriminate on the hasis of age,ancestry,se l oriontet ion,martini slates,citizen shit'.nor bocause indivi duds are rhsa hi.m or Vietnam era veterans.Inquiries repardin9 this policy may he directed in the '.ran ve A tinn Meer,2120 University Avenue,University of Celifornia,Berkeley,California 04720,1415)644-42/0. University of California and the Ignited Stales Department of Agriculture cooperating. 9001.80 I will be happy to try and answer any more specific questions which you have. Sincerely, `i5 A. McMartin Extension Specialist, Poultry Health and Animal Welfare DAM:cje Enclosure cc: John Voris 900180 '! 'I t Ir ri rk t tr} wtJM� Rtrlr� ;,']1 ' Vii° v I a Y r !r t1"� 1,'r�� \ ,! S ? )1t . o- •'r, Y ,vim ,i r�'• , ,r l ^. 4 t . ,MGM } '.i ear ryt e:I °~ • t• �a:r , � VCterInarV M" ' ielna Toda A `' ` • i5': ♦ ✓ariav s • J� it }.1 y, t1 r v� n rw n♦ t)1 t 1" n Lw. a � ;/'►'� a~ �tiv. ly�1 R 1.I:0rg /A;... ..S. a ' iiiw 1 Psittacosis John K. Emerson,7JVM PsITTAcosts WAS FIRST DESCRThED as a human dis- Clinical Disease ease in Europe in 1876. A number of outbreaks were psittacine birds—Psittacosis appears to be a recorded in the late 19th century, with the source nestling infection, and latent infections are common -purported to be infected parrots from Argentina. By in young birds in the absence of stress. Shinning, 190' ;poradic cases were seen in the United States, crowding, chilling, breeding, and other factors will aria an outbreak in Pennsylvania in 1924 was well activate shedding of the infectious agent. Relatively _documented. A -pandemic occurred in 1929-1930 few wild adult birds carry Chlamvdia. When native with about 1,000 reported casesresulting m a case birds are trapped and congregated, natural infection fatality rate exceeding 20.o. The causative microbe, of less than 5% prevalence can increase to nearly Chlamydia psittaci, was isolated by English workers 100%. The disease appears as a gastrointestinai d uring this period. It is an obligatory intracellular illness and is evidenced by chronic emaciation and bacterium whose metabolic requirements limit its greenish diarrhea.Grossly,there also may be pulmo- g rowth to tissue culture media. The generic term nary lesions,cloudy air sacs,and enlarged spleen and Chlamydia has been applied to the agents of psit- liver. The mortality is variable, depending on stress tacosis,lvmnhogranuloma venereum, trachoma,and factors, microbial virulence, host age and species. feline pneumonitis. -and extent of treatment. Normal-appearing biros The disease was recognized in pigeons, ducks, may be inapparent carriers and shedders.The organ- turkeys,and other birds and lower mammals as early ism is excreted in the feces of infected birds, is as 1938, and epizootics were seen in turkeys and resistant to drying,and can remain infective to other ducks in the 1950s. Infections in poultry have re- hosts for several months. suited in sporadic outbreaks of occupational psit- tacosis with notable foci of disease reported in turkey-processing plant workers as recently as 1974 Man—Human infection usually occurs through and 1976. However, most human cases reported in the inhalation of an infective aerosoi. Fleeting expo- recent years have resulted from exposure to infected sures often are adequate to produce 'd sense. The pet psittacine birds. incubation period varies from 5 to 14 days. Infections Following the 1929-1930 pandemic, many coun- range from inapparent to severe systemic disease tries established strict prohibitions against importa- with pneumonia. In a typical case, :here is abrupt tion of psittacine birds from South America, Com- onset or chills, fever, sweating, severe weakness. mercial importation into the -United States was headache, backache, and photophobia. Usually banned by the US Department of Avriculture symptoms persist for 7 to 10 days. Pneumonia with (USDA) in 1946. In 1967, limited importation was patchy areas of consolidation in the dependent lobe s resumed, and the US Public Health Service estab- common. Histologically, the pneumonia appears m � as a fished minimal standards for treatment of psit- lobular interstitial aneuonitis. ecenc case fatality tacines at overseas facilities. The USDA lifted the rates are less than 1% with proper treatment. A importation ban on all birds in 1973 and began sequela to infection may be valvular endocarditis. quarantining and testing birds for velogenic viscero The disease is most life threatening in persons tropic Newcastle disease at approved facilities in the over 50 years of age. Differential diagnosis should United States, usually located near ports of entry, exclude Q-fever, histoplasmosis, :nycoplasmal pneu- During the quarantine period, US Public Health monia, and viral interstitial pr.eumonias such as service treatment standards for psittacosis were influenza. Susceptibility is general and there may be Enforced by USDA personnel. This arrangement, many mild or inapparent cases in a population -however, proved to be ineffective for a variety of during an outbreak. Antibody resistance is consid- epidemiolog c and administrative reasons. Newer ered transitory and reinfections do occur. Person-to- regulations are now being implemented. person transmission is infrequent, therefore,patient isolation and prophylaxis of contacts is considered ihroirst1 by John K.Smerd.n. Calnnd,f4parttnent of}{.dth,1710 F it th unnecessar•. Treatment produces prompt noninfec• ww, ^enwr. CO .10'1110, on boo d ',tenons'of Out ol .laauctauon of iUblie Nedth ✓<r+nnn.^a. f_vlty. 900180 Diagnosis ₹pidemiologic Trends Psittacine birds-There are no pathognomonic In 1978, 143 cases of human psittacosis were • gross lesions. Laboratory diagnostic procedures in- reported to the Centers for Disease Control. There chide the staining of tissue impression smears to has been an increase each year since 1973 in the identify Chlam-vdia elementary bodies. The inocula- number of reported cases not associated with poultry Lion of suspensions of spleen, liver, or intestines into processing. Thirty states reported cases in 1978, mice, eggs, or tissue culture for attempted isolation compared with 26 states in 1977. States which are should follow. Culturing of blood, cloacal washings, actively and routinely conducting laboratory analy- and feces from live birds is unreliable for diagnostic ses of psittacine specimens reported marked in- purposes. Infected birds and tissue specimens, even. creases in the number of confirmations in 1978. The unfixed smears, are hn7ardous to laboratory person- highest human risk category was pet bird owners, nel, and only properly equipped laboratories should followed by employees of the pet bird commercial attempt culturing procedures. trade.Still fewer cases occurred in bird fanciers,non- bird owners, pigeon fanciers, and poultry producers Man—The infective agent may be isolated from and processors. The bird classification "other psit- sputum or blood during the acute febrile illness prior tacine species," which consists largely of imported to antibiotic therapy. However, confirmatory diag- birds,was most frequently implicated as the source of nosis is usually accomplished by testing paired sera human infection in 1978, with "mixed and unspec- for complement-fixing antibodies. Serum should be hied psittacine species"second.Among the 127 cases collected as soon after onset of symptoms as possible in which a source of infection was reported,caged pet with the convalescent serum drawn at least 21 days birds accounted for 86 (68%), turkeys and chickens after onset. Early antibiotic treatment may inhibit for 17 (13%), domestic and wild pigeons for 15(12%), -the development of complement-fixing antibody. A and miscellaneous wild and domestic birds for 9(7%). single or stable convalescent titer of ?1:32 with a compatible disease history may be considered presumptively diagnostic. Antigenic cross reactions Control Measures from lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma Many avian species should be considered as • will occur and should be eliminated epidemiologi- potential reservoirs for Chlamydia psittaci.However, cally from the diagnosis. the data show that the majority of human cases in the United States result from exposure to infected psit- tacine birds.Theoretically,infection in the psittacine Treatment reservoir can be controlled with chlortetracycline. Psittacine birds—Chlortetracycline is effective Thus. the primary objective must be to prevent in eliminating or preventing latent chlamydial infec- disease in man by proper treatment and handling of tions in most birds if adequate blood concentrations psittacine pet birds during commercial distribution. can be maintained for 30 to 45 days. Antibiotic- Secondary objectives should include early detection, impregnated feeds will control psittacosis and stop correct diagnosis, prompt treatment, and reporting death loss in commercial poultry operations. Millet of human psittacosis. Education of the medical com- seed impregnated with chlortetracycline(0.5 mgrgl is munitv and heightening public awareness to the available and effective in treatment of parakeets. hazard caused by infected pet birds are also veteri- budgerigars. and other small seed-eating birds. Di- nary public health responsibilities. The following rections for optimal treatment procedures which measures should be implemented by all quarantine make use of freshly prepared mash or specially stations, wholesalers, and retailers of pet psittacine formulated liquid feed for the larger species and birds: nectar-feeding psittacine birds are available from state health departments and the Centers for Disease 1) Optimal treatment of the various psittacine Control.' It is possible to assay bird serum for birds should he applied. The efficacy of chlortet- adequate concentrations of chlortetracycline. racyciine is well documented; however. treated birds Man—Optimal therapy for human psittacosis is are susceptible to reinfection. Treatment must be tetracycline C500 mg orally QtD for 14 days). Patients accomplished through the feed. Administration of unable to take oral medication should be given 250 antibiotics through the drinking water is not effec- • -mg of tetracycline ry QW until oral therapy can be tive. initiated. In patients with the acute form of the 2) Psittacine birds be identified with leg disease, dramatic improvement occurs shortly after bands. A a r system should be individual bird ith leg initiation of treatment. However,a therapeutic a trials fication using official leg bands would facilitate trace to establish a diagnosis of psittacosis are not c pent- back and greatly reduce smuggling. ered practical. Chloramphenicol (2—1 giday) or pent- tillin (1 million units tm 'rm) has been recommended in _cases where tetracycline is contraindicated, e„ 3) Adequate records should be required at all mregnant women, young children, and patients with phases of the pet bird trade and should include: (a) a renal or hepatic function impairment. daily log and identification record of each -bird handled, and (b) complete records of all purchases, shipments, and sales. hiarrii 15, 19E".2 § 0180 Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report January 8, 1982 / Vol. 30 i No. 52 pp. 638640 Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Psittacosis Associated with Turkey Processing — Ohio An outbreak of psittacosis occurred among employees ofan Ohio turkey-processing plant in July 1981 Approximately 27 of the plant's some 80 employees were ill;;; were hospital- ized.Turkeys being slaughtered at the plant were the probable source of infection, but no specific group of birds could he implicated. Most patients had an illness characterized by weakness, headache, fever, chills, and cough. To a lesser extent, patients had photophobia, conjunctival suffusion, generalized joint pains, stomach cramps and diarrhea. Eight patients who had chest X rays showed evidence of pneumonia consistent with psittacosis. Paired serum specimens from 27 workers were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to chlamydial group antigen.-Of 15 workers who had recently had an illness compatible with psittacosis, 7 had a' 4-fold titer rise, and 5 had a titer of 116 in at least 1 specimen. Of 12 workers who had not recently had a compatible illness. none had a significant titer change. Single serum specimens were obtained from 29 other workers 1 to 3 days after onset of the last-recognized case in the employee group. Eight of 11 workers in this group who had re- cently had illness compatible with psittacosis had a titer of 316; 2 of 18 who had not had such an illness had a titer 31 6. The plant, which operates approximately 40 hours,week. 10 months a year,processes tur- keys-only, which are delivered by truck from various locations, slaughtered, and defeathered on the day of arrival in the "kill-pick" area. Then they are conveyed on a continuously moving line into the evisceration area, where deep tissues are exposed, the birds are inspected and trimmed. edible organs are removed. and the remaining inedible internal and external parts are discarded. Because most ernoioyees worxed in various lob stations in several departments on a given day, it was difficun to assess me relative importance of respiratory. skin, and-conjunctival exposure. However, the attack rate by work department was significantly higher for workers in the kill-pick and evisceration areas than in other deoartments of the plant (Fisher-exact test, 1-tailed. p=0.00011. Furthermore, there was no apparent correlation between degree of skin exposure and clinical psittacosis, suggesting that infections were the result of aerosol trans- mission or that multiple routes of exposure may have been involved. Turkey-condemnation rates were analyzed in an effort to identify a specific flock or flocks that were the source of infection. The mean condemnation rate for turkeys in May-July 1981 (1.3".1 .vas similar to :hat in May-July 1580 (1 7 1 Turkeys from 37 flocks were slaughtered in the period June 21-July 13. 1981. the suspected period of exposure to Chlam ydia psntact. Birds from 8 flocks that were staudhtereo on 7 different days during this period had a con- demnation rate 2-iced higher than average ,Figure 1) However, investigations by public health veterinarians in the states of origin for these birds reveaied no evidence of psittacosis at the implicated sites. Reported ay Tai-'Von Ken. MD. 0:Norris WWD. Harrison T-Sear O'5Sl_y tiaimn.MD. State Epidemiolo • - gist, Ohio Dept of-Health: JM Shiner DVM. 3arrert :1D Stare Fpinenuologrst. Indiana Board of Health. RJ Martin, Ctat1 S17'ancrs. WD. Stare.Faioernmmp,st, Illinois Cent of Rua/ic Health:Jl Freeman, DVM. .NP Hines. DVM. State Eo:ntnuolocisr. North Ca:mina Dent of Human'Resources. JM Arnold,. • DVM Wisconsin'Dept o/Agriculture.. if'Caves. JAD. Stare E yoemiologrsr. Niscvnstn Dept of Health and Social Svcs: Memcal Sr NtOSH Sartorial=oonoses Br S,icterr.riys,,ases Div. Center for Infectious Dis- eases. CDC Editorial Note: The last reported outbreak of psittacosis at a turkey-processing plant in the United States occurred in Nenraska in June 1976 11 ` Twenty-eignt of the plant's 98-employ- ees were affected. The outbreak in 1976 and 5 other outbreaks in 1974 were related to the slaughter of retired-hreeder birds from .Texas t21 Following the psittacosis outbreaks among turkey-processing plant employees in 1974. the US Department of Agriculture. !n coniunetron ..nh state and local agencies, implemented ®'4x01.80 Tuesday 2:20 Psittacosis among Employees of Turkey-Processing Facilities, Minnesota Katrina Hedberg, K.E. White, J.A.Korlath, C. W. Hedberg, K. L. MacDonald M. T Osterholm In the period June-November 1986, an outbreak of psittacosis occurre( among workers in turkey-processing facilities in southwestern Minnesota. ; total of 172 clinical cases were identified. Of these,-70 (41%) were conlirmei cases (a fourfold rise in titer of antibody to Chlannrlia), 40 (23%) were probab6 cases (single convalescent-phase titer of 3 32), and 62 (36%) were possibli cases (clinical symptoms only, no detectable antibody). Outbreak-associate( • • cases occurred in three turkey-processing plants, one rendering plant, on( turkey farm, and one "further-processing--plant where previously eviscerate( carcasses are deboned and other consumer products are produced. Aithougl previous outbreaks among employees of processing plants, rendering plants and farms have teen documented, outbreaks among employees of further -processing plants have not been documented. The attack rates (ARs) of con firmed and probable cases for specific areas of the facilities are as follows processing-plant eviscerating area. 33%; processing-plant live-hang area. 29^4, rendering-plant feather area, 11%; and the turkey farm, 46%.-Thirty-one con firmed and probable cases were identified among employees in the further processing plant. Of these, 28 persons worked on the deboning lines (-AR = 13%), two worked in the mink room (AR = 40%), and one worked on thi clean-up crew for the deboning area (AR = 25%). Identifying illness in (hi further--processing plant demonstrates that workers at risk of contracting psis tacosis are not limited to those who have direct contact with the lungs and ai sacs of infected-birds, but include workers who have contact with-previoush eviscerated carcasses. 3:05 Fatal Occupational Injuries due to ElectricShock, Virginia Jacobi Jones, C. W.Armstrong, C._D. Woolard, G.B.Miller Fatal occupational injuries due to electric shock cause many years of poten tial life lost (YPLL). Previous studies of electrical t:talities have used death certificate (DC) data, tut none to our knowledge have used data from worker', compensation files tWCFs). To assess the usefulness of WCFs in a descriptive study of occupational injury from electric shock, we analyzed both DCs anc \VCFs. For the years 197'-1935, 196 work-related electrical fatalities were identified. \Ve identified 186 from D.Cs and 95 from WCFs (85 appeared it both systems). The median age at death was _9 years, with a mean or 31 YPLL The annual death rate was 0.9/100,000 employed workers, and death rates were highest for male workers in utility companies (2.8 deaths/year, rate = 11.6/100,000/year), coal mining (I.S deaths/year. rate = 7.5/100.000/year). and construction industries (6.3 deaths/year. rate = 4.1/100.000/year). For 77 deaths, \VCFs provided additional details of employment. Workers employee 6 2 years accounted for -49 (64'/ ) deaths, Computerized WCFs (available 1980-1985) allowed analysis of 350 electric-shock injuries (73 fatal and?77 non- fatal). Preliminary analysis showed that utility-industry workers were 3.9 times more likely to die from their electrical injuries than other workers (75% vs 19%, p < 10'"). This study targets utility workers as the highest-risk group lot electrical fatalities in Virginia. Although WCFs provided only 43%of the fatali- ties in this study, they did provide employment details not available from DCs \VCFs may be helpful as an adjunct data source in future injury studies. 900180 ,ra, Y 4'..,42,;""T;',54-1 Copyright np riIi ii ur f.John Hopkins 6 r. ('np)nght �' 19;N by The John. IL pkina Vmvrrnny School of Hygiene and Public Health Printed m !' u rft'a.ti? i . 1'Slr1':1C'OSIS ()tTBRF:.\It IN I\1I'L01'FES OF' :1 1 F its } TURKEF-PROCESSING PLANT e r sr. c.a r'� �' I:it n F ?:: ♦ I,.`z fir,dt; DANIEL C. ANDERSON.' PAUL A. STOES7-- AND ARNOLD F. K:AUFMANN' 't a 'S. i4 ' ,.;D.xf . e,l' `;4;'. i ,''a Anderson, 1D. C., P. A. Stoesz and A. F. Kaufmann (Center for Disease u tM., sir^ ' Control, Atlanta. GA 30333).-Psittacosis outbreak in employees of a turkey- x "?.% 4 �.Mt �, , processing plant. Am J Epidemio! 107:140-140. 1978. .4,1," , of M 21.1tI+r*; r;. In June 1976, 28 employees of a Nebraska poultry processing plant had r , , I4 ;at t 1 1 clinical onset of an illness compatible with psittacosis. The diagnosis was I I ;' 1`t N+Y -c- serologically confirmed in 22 patients by fourfold or greater changes in their x1.:1OvCd . y 4 ,f I rf,,�ytz complement fixation antibody titers, using a Chlamydia group antigen. Lack ct -•.,.3 rt 11, rf'"4i, �»f ,_ of serologic response in the remaining patients could not be readily explained j.1,.r.(,wl,•. by therapy differences, timing of serologic evaluation, or severity of clinical r+' ',-,firt'ie , illness.The comparable attack rates in the various processing departments ,�$t' were consistent with an airborne infection. However, results of the lnvesti- r 3 P 4,: , n. ' , , x, �;; gation also suggested that workers having both frequent contact with turkey w r»rt •n" ; ,S,rs; ;a'•yM�'. tissues and skin injuries were more likely to be infected than other processing ,S � 4l %;1 ��rx r �, tjP'4. /i'" Ik workers. The cost of the outbreak for reimbursed medical costs, workmen's cv.•ly" r °ha, "err',` compensation, and lost wages was $19,000. A single turkey flock was r' . «., a1r�G nri• implicated as the source of infection. This flock had been screened on a •• ' . :^w W`,�a „,rNy voluntary basis for evidence of infection prior to slaughter, using criteria ',; �" t• 1a',`.0 :' developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. Although the t , pH,- kra preslaughter screening failed to detect psittacosis infection, two turkeys :" nF f, ynr( , S from the same flock which inadvertently had not been sent to slaughter were { V4:,,y,. subsequently found to be infected. z A': disease outbreaks; occupational diseases; psittacosis; turkeys fir, + �' f '< The term psittacosis was first intro- in ]94fl. the disease was lira[ assoctarr- c t;` p ducecl in 1895 to describe a distinctive with the processing of turk(,'- I'nllmcin '' rt disease associated with ptu'rots that was an'outhrtak at n Teas plant, in which recognized in Europe i l). Little attention cases with three deaths occurred '3). An , r1 was paid to the disease until 1929-19'10, morons outbreaks were =uhsequcntly. t • , ' 5 Y• , r when outbreaks .associated with -.,utll ported in turkey-processing workers dui 1�� +, American parrots occurred in man, coup- in., the next 15 years 11. 11. For unknow: ones At That time 1-0 cases, with 33 masons. no outbreaks were reported Ito, deaths, occurred in the United States i 2 1963 until 1974 when 114 cases occurred 1. Interest generated h,• these outbreaks led related outbreaks at seven prna•s.ic to the recognition of p-.ttacosis in a v;iri- plants in Texas. \1issouri, and \e`mask. et ' of bird species. ;5). The outbreak reported here was the t r4 Ron-teed tor,tub icniion Aiausi 't. Itl-- otint! psittacosis outbreak at a \ebr:.-'ri.. \Nuts i.lunn CF, rurnplenu•nl finnan. USDA. turkey processing plant within two V.-:ii • ,iy7...,',..."7:::'-,:':;:::.,!;.:;:i',/.. United SIvr< D prtnnenl it Agrlrullure. k , a ' .4O. Center tor I)1,1.:1,4.Control. Atlanta. G\. In the first outbreak which occurred �)V, •., . y'- ', k{' \r hri ka State Department of fle:llth. Lincoln. thine 1914, '23 of 113 i'211 per cent) ernple, t L }.:A1 • 11 VI De:-: had a clinical Illness compatihle \ii^ I NIK .y < ;,H a x Rt Plant rin It ds In t, li ,olio Kaufmann, li,uontal IltaeesiS, and 12 of the infections we l':' e _ � a rJ�e, /D OM lit flurruu d Fpidn•n ieloq, l'rnlvr pS urn• Di el=t•Conool Atlanta. tiii,). serologically confirmed t51. Employee- w. ys ' ; , r 1.i ' 140 y,, it 7 ,r Y4. . c &�ry.)V( i '?'a if r?, r• >• f4x.} , 900180 t ri T I-14.47-, #.,,,,,,,„7,,,,, 444;4,,,,,t, ,.., W;44.4,44;4.4.$4,,4,44,4r,,Pi4,,,,, ad)a� "a'r'se"r lC CE, , to "tc"1"'"r A. rFg lr m✓St nli" I. �, Zr'. "�-yr .J},1" t ..'1, t" nsf la w 1"ti'i3:.vt .+'� 4r �. - LYt / . �+ r r Y Qa `�'�' 1 N i a "Zf, r tip " t t k 19 PiM live, 1 a'9 , T.o , f Ict , tr7 , 1 ,4 r ro ,il. 9tv t Q �l +m 1r I tl s R , t k X s��f K��h fll¢t y of y, f ° 'I(4 ki �� t x @�P5:� le• vttl t T w5tTh''.? �'�+��"t ��'r:21 lI{,` - 3 �.1, 2..,J4 .1 -. )L -t J ';,,tr .O.4 Y��'yr si't,t4 '. to .r I'i,J t• i vtIV9PF � .r t t " } 'stir' ,fiat r F� 1 gTiS%:-rk• Yry i 19'dka d t E, S t 'i '�� i rv` 'Ta 4' ls15 4,. 'av N u al, q:. S 'ri n +k 7y'h rr 1^� 41 q • F x rl {w ,'r�+ !Y' F { ' r� , 1 r' T, 44, 40 alai"/+4.AP d k i .',.;,(.4,4-,..,,,i,. �,r {S A,wk$ k vi' .,c { 1 •,Apk ^' 5 i"11 ✓ V e 4 Vol. 107. No. 2 PSITfACOslS OE I'IIICEAK IN EMPLOYEES loft 1 .EY11'RUl'F:SSINO PLANT 141 Printed in U.S.A. working in the kill and pick ( 31 per cent), chilling tanks, prior to movement on an- evisceration (40 per-cent), and packaging other line to the packaging department. departments (19 per rent) had the highest This department is in the-same room ns attack -rates. Although no serologically the eviserating department. In the pack- :MANN' confirmed cases occurred in other areas of aging department. final inspection and the plant, two individuals working in the processing are done. Upon leaving the or Disease box and freezer department had an illness packaging department. the carcasses are rf a turkey compatible with psittacosis. The source of bagged, sharp frozen, and crated before infection for the employees was considered final transfer to the freezer store room. I plant had to be culled breeder turkey hens from The kill and pick area is separated from !nests was Texas the evisceration area as required -by the 3es in their This description of the second outbreak United States Department of Agriculture rigen. Lack includes an evaluation of risk factors con- (USDA) regulations. Regulations govern- (explained proces sing trihuting to infection in turkey in f'r 1 in t.! ventilation require that the kill and ofslinical P• apartments workers, and the economic losses resulting pick areas he under negative air pressure he Invest!- from a psittacosis outbreak. which results in the flow of air from the with turkey evisceration and packaging areas into the MATERIALS AND METItODS processing kill-pick area. workmen's The processing plant. The poultry proc- Epieleminlogre• studies. Medical records flock was essing plant where the outbreak occurred of all patients who had either been hnspi- ened on a is located in southcentral Nebraska. When talized or had consulted a physician during ng criteria it is operating at full capacity, 4000 to the epidemic period were reviewed. In hough the 5000 turkeys are processed each day. addition, voluntary questionnaire and ser- vo turkeys Chickens-are also processed hut much less ologic surveys were conducted on July 6-8 • ghlenvere frequently. The work is seasonal, and the among the plant's employees. Question- plant is_usually in full operation only (roan noires were administered to each partici- June to .January. The remainder of the pant through personal interviews. Infor- year- the plant is stalled by a limited station obtained included age and sex: number of employees, -primarily mainte- past and pre>ent processing plant employ- s !test associated nance and office personnel. Limited proc- merit by specific dates: job locations and utke- s following essing of poultry from nearby farms is description>: degree of skin contact with lint, in white 2'2 done from January to June. freshly killed or did ledpouItrv: frequency recurred 13). Nu- Turkeys ;are transported to the prncrss- of cuts. scratches. or abrasions: use of subsequently re- in)'r plant. often from considerable dis- ng workers dur- protective equipment: possible sources of lances. and are usually slaughtered on exposure to psittacosis unrelated to em. 4l. For unknown the day of arrival. The birds first enter ployment: precious history of illness: and re reported from the' plant in an area known as the kill and previous his::arc of psittacosis. Inl-urma- cases occurred in pick department. At slaughter the lards Lion on work history by date and process- even processing ;Ire sequentially shackled on a continuous ing department were cross-checked with i, and Nebraska moving line, stunned by electrical shock- company employment records. Data on ing. and exsanguinatecl. The carcasses are financial loss resulting from the patients' iere was the sec- then scalded anti clefcathered by machines illness were ohhain -d from compensation at a Nebraska before being transforrect to another mov- claims filed with the company. rithin two years. ;rig line leading to the evisceration depart- The epidemiologlc• role of direct skin rich occurred in anent. In this department, deep tissues are contact with potentially infect urns ntateri- ier cent) employ exposed as the birds are dressed. Removal als during processing was assessed he use compatible with of edible and inedible organs and neces- of contact coefficients determined for the • infections were nary trimming of the carcasses occur here. individual workers. using a modification (5). Employees The carcasses are then placed in two large of a previously described method !lb. These • yyyy p ! 960180 4.4:F °)r ccf. r i I;`+i R xr ;•Q r pap ' •fyh+'tr A14'f^ �n !it:. tr. w rqi 1.0 acy fw i ' t.i rs,t , •)S� 4 t2 � q., A re w, a �`i m�,•'�i � r ,gyp n rM1� all �1 irb a LrC t Gr rc Y4 Y b1 r '1' h Jy'fY11 N, �q m" r o rt4J�. f y2 ) r G.tv ?:.r �''a " y Y"d^t ct,24 lYr Y r4l reti � X16 '2 �'�&{ �?T �'J � A s� 14,' :24:? "-��2k' tat. tP.'+i A.`'1Ssk'x' „x�� `x{Lru.gryr1 + v, ,A` p -.:;',7./..„..,7; .,r Jrf °y µ az ,x, l 9g \fi� f r r ' i 142 ANDERSON, STOESZ AND KAUFMANN r coefficients were determined-by a combi- one individual reporting an illness corn-\ i a 't -nation of an injury factor and a contact patible with psittacosis. All -serum speci- 4,J ict factor.-The injury factor was-based-on the mens were tested by the Virology Divi- r •` .•rc; employee's estimated frequency of job-re- lion, Bureau -of Laboratories, renter for fated cuts, scratches and abrasions, with Disease Control, for presence of psittacosis ,r �, a factor of 5 being three or more per week, antibody by complement fixation lCF1 . t ,' t' t +r',ds4 . %W � q, ' 4 being one to two per week, 3 being one tests utilizing a Clilamydiagroup antigen. 1 1i approximately every two weeks, 2 being The number and source of birds slough- , .S x xr�T ,R) pi one a month, 1 being less than one a tered and number condemned by cause +' ff.. S ,i , k month. This value was multiplied by the were obtained from the company and Ii., ^tpt1t' ' contact factor (a value ranging from 1 to USDA inspectors. Information on the tur- 1,s c' tMyiir',,t4 101 determined by whether contact was key flock that was implicated as the source Cti' +,' ' with freshly killed or chilled poultry, area of infection was obtained from Texas Vet- a ' .r, ', of the body having contact, and percentage erinary Medical Diagnostic Laboraton•, ` 1 , i{ r wax i of work time during which such contact Texas A & M University, College Station, 1 , 'tg' f," ; ' occurs (table 1). The contact coefficient is Texas. 1t� i wi ° `-(es ,S • 'if'. ..-..4the product of this calculation. Due to the Definitions. In this investigation, psit- `i� Saej; small study population, workers were sub- tacosis cases were categorized using the opts ,' divided for purposes of analysis into two following definitions. A confirmed case • -43,1,;;;411:1;•44((4464 ' groups, those with a low contact coefficient was defined as illness in a gr p, person with ' * r �: of 1-9 and those with a high contact coef- signs and symptoms (fever, chills, diapho- : r 4 +ctit ' ""'14'at ` ficient of 10-50. resin, myalgias, headache, with or without kScrum specimens were obtained at the x-ray evidence of pneumonia) compatible t 2. rt time of the interview from 66 employees with psittacosis and a fourfold or greater .•c. at ,, +` who had not previously reported illness. change in CF antibody titer between two ° `i In addition, acute and convalescent serum scrum specimens obtained two or more r o i specimens were obtained from 27 persons weeks apart. A presumptive case was de- ''' ,, rr > a 4,+ � , reporting illness in the epidemic period lined as illness in a person with signs and 5-7+� w r} r . :; through their attending physicians. Se- symptoms compatible with psittacosis and J •I N (r.. rum specimens were not obtained from at least one serum specimen obtained foi- 3t r4f �y �;y, R',t;T• wj{1 }d x TABLE I ' 't I t '�W p` a pl Yhriables users(o determine the contact%actor a degree of employee contact with poultry tissues)for ,a ,dsL C4),; calculating the contact coefficient '.:S)1,40,5+;;;)?; d. "al0' rk 2a , _____ -r e of},oultry product_ _____ __ __ _— _.. ._—.-- Y t1. b,„�4" "�' handled Area of body having contact ne of work time in contact rT.'I:4;414-gss1A F' Contact factor f 7IMP;. Freshly killed Chilled }rands Hands.wrists and 25 25-75 :5 µ, forearms n� '� 'Ii 7T ' 9 8 X X or aaMj enf :.:"....0:- h - - \ \ a t ) kit,. �� } 'yr++�" 6 \ \ \ y{ r x d l• c *fit ;"5er 1 (cue,' 1 ! \ \ or X \ • ' rlAs .z 1 None h r .. --__ S �tC, er+?—s''fytt a jk. - \ indicates type or frequency of exposure for employees having the ascribed contact factor whir: J ,IIIT-C s' t +ig,S J•y ranged from a low of I to a high of 10. A person with a contact factor of 10, for example, had hand. want. t t ! f I'cti '" and forearm contact with freshly killed poultry tissue during more than-7515,of the workday i 5 "'."' er ee f k rr1� ; ', Al ' > '''.:44$/:,'17.7.' 900180 1 N t i ni:A ' ', ,:., °rte U•.ry K (�� + # +A I ' 1/44red y;A i qq wilt i I ' .kl ,Hi+ err 77'''' 41} + -7.1;/11-1....»^t'+` l t' s r, 7i' r a i. {aG 1 ' { e �'( ` `}'0 $�� J} `� 0l" .t: V !v5 art s,1t:. I 11' x,. 1 �yt s,G �d.C+". +T,'"t r'� r' L�' y bYt' � h r S wu ,r •.11 ',.,I � vc1 $ �,y,, Yl { � '-,�r "� 1gQ ✓}l':.. -,r,at 4• K •tI ,(. r � k,Mc�yr to n' + y4 +A w3 ti r t1 r ¢f!t n '14} A i s t �p� 1.x T w .� ,.•r D�"F+ h, t rP Fp l+vi4 i •�iiYe,)�f t' '� vy ti+ �`�' �`� fi' ? �rr ,Ml�t eY? r7;` `� '. wb�ipp z�� 1. 1 i yritc.� J e4r t. r ,,�+ @ k„ r w� '+ r t . p-� Ci ,. ., v- ...0.. LPa'N�4'��..�t- r`" .Ahka'n d+t.�Ya ,k � l ��{��t , t< +fiJ` e` io-��-_. '� �a .�� aW+ / PSITTACOSIS OUTBREAK IN-EMPLOYEES OF it1RKEY-PROCESSING PLANT 143 an illness corn- lowing onset of illness having a £F anti- TABLE 2 All serum spec,- body titer a-1:16. And, a compatible ill- Frequency of common .signs and symptoms in ' 1e Virology Divi- ness -or case was defined as illness in a psittacosis g patients by diagnostic category,Nebraska dries, Center for person with signs and symptoms consist- poultry processing plant nceof-psittacosis ent with-psittacosis but with either a C-F Diagnostic category• ,t fixation (CF) antibody titer s 1:8 or-noserolo6 ic exami- si. e group antigen. i,n/xymptom -confirmed 122 cases,on firmed Presume• Compatible five •ta i4 costal e of birds slaugh- (2 eases) Fes•er 2I 195)( 2/ton) 4 11001 iemned by cause RESULTS ,e company and tlendache 21195) _2(1001 411001 The outbreak. A psittacosis outbreak Chills 21 (95) 2(100) 4 (100) ration on the tur- involving 28 employees occurred at the Myalgins 20(91) 0 4 (1001 ated as the source poultry plant during June 1976. Ty case Diaphoresis 17 (:7) 2(100) a(75i from Texas Vet- Photophobia 10(45) 0 2(501 definition, 2 employees had confirmed )Stir Laboratory, Cough 10(45) 1 ism 22(50) and two had presumptive infections. An Nausea/vomit- 9(41) 0 2(501 , College Station, additional four individuals had compatible ing illnesses. Three of the latter group had a Conjunctivitis 5 (29) 0 2(501 vestigation, psit- CF titer of 1:8 in at least one serum Epismaia -r (18) 0 0 orized using the specimen, and one was not serologically ' Confirmed. 4-fold or greater change in CF anti- confirmed case tested. None of the six current employ_ces body titer, presumptive, CF antibody titer a 1:t6 a a person with but <4-fold change: compatible, CF titer who had psittacosis in the 1974 outbreak t( 'r, chills, diapho- a 1:R or no serologic examination. reported illness compatible with psittaco- t Percentages in parentheses. It , with or without sis. No evidence was found of secondary onia) compatible transmission to family members or medi- employees who worked the week before or irfold or greater cal care personnel. the week after, but not the week of June ter between two All the patients-reported varying corn- 14 reported illness. The attack rate for 'd two or more binations of fever, chills, diaphoresis, employees who worked the week of June ive case was de- headache, and body aches (table 2). Less 14 was significantly higher than for em- n with signs and frequently reported were cough (usually ployecs who did not (Fisher's exact test. h psittacosis and dry and nonproductive), photophobia, con- one-tailed,p <0.01). ten obtained fol- junctivitis. and epistaxis. Chest x-rays Cases occurred only in employees work- were obtained on all confirmed and pre- ing in the kill and pick, evisceration, and sumptive cases of psittacosis. Of' 25 pa- packaging departments. Although the 'try tissues)for tients who had chest x-rays, 14 had evi- number of employees working on a given dence of pulmonary n(iltrates consistent day remained relatively constant, the in- wit time in contact with psittacosis. Duration of illness was dividuals included in the work force varied known far25 patients. The mean duration from day-to-day. Based on the 95 employ- 25-75 >75 i of illness was nine days i range 41-14 days,. ees who actually worked_June 14-15, the x and the mean hospital stay for the nine attack rates in affected departments were y hospitalized patients was seven days not significantly different (table 3). As x range .5-16 days,. noted earlier, all but one of the psittacosis j x All patients had onset of clinical illness patients worked these two days; the excep- x in the period June 21-30, suggesting expo- tion, an employee who worked in the evis- X sure over a short period of time (figure packaging p x 1). ceratinn anddepartments was All 28 patients had worked the week of not included in the attack rate analysis. June 14, and all but one had worked on No significant differences were found in June 14 or 15. Thirteen of the patients attack rates by ace and sex. Patients'aces ntact factor which worked on only these two days. Four pa- ranged from 15 to 69 years. Twelve 143 per r. had hand, wrist, tients were new employees who had just cent) of the patients were males and 16 day. started working that week. None of 15 (57 per cent) were females. The sex ratio 900180 -w ,,,,,,:ry 'ct yy "'."'a'r a 4%.8g: nTS!i ',7Sv4( V5/+t n tF"�` e t^14E wt 4wre AN..-F't9S Si 410 144. ` � Mx `� .tl n r1 3 4 ) h•Ab'/&� Y'gN�ut�+`n • M '� asr~ ) f �y�..3 } �,,, yyy f'4 tI R y Pn A• S� ��-"A, .x;yy��r��{ t 4 p3-ir jlf /o t 'S t v2 (v i { d ,"1 t 7 4gt 'i 4 r t 3 ""L,L "��,�� d f r-. c tl 11 V, ( it��yS�y Srj I� );v,..,„,,,,,,#.,54 ' Ye)w ,rr , .`x, ,.', ...�..lt�i {•� a d1 S 1 '''', 501° '1::11 '�"A,a0 i 1,;i:i,!.,'.'�t/ i it fe p" 7{i r'tq '"i1 “: :S ' 44 r: 41455.... 1 t154a5 7A,. • „ , 'V ...W.., _la' r atu.w w" .'�Jd*- Ytk� G.1 `1(r"lW; ,'r., :¢ ' , . r 5-_ar ._-alai L,.. r Y :. a sits(. 4 ' r 144 ANDERSON, c \\\l\ '',./.,-"-•:E )N, STOF..Z AND KnII Y'AIANN i r I I I1 — E 6- i f . J)!),:)1): 1'4-4;""W'''', S' ud.) vl e. • fti ! T th Jy V ] r, .;‘).‘".4)' ..i Vtty, o 2, s r ^'r+! y i„ s kk� D f A.A,:to fr- Mh),V�.Atl 4 I 2 ] < ] a r e 9 IC IA HI6Ir Ie92021222324252621282930 I 2 3 4 5 6 T 1 9 rdf') x)y a SaA r JJ rv�.i JUN JUL i.:7 .4,72,/,t)t ♦ 40 4 y��+ )-DATES WHEN TURKEYS PROCESSED 'w i yF N 1 tPyY r S I ti O CONFIRMED PSITTACOSIS (TITER 'i (6 AND > 4-FOLD TITER CHANGE) - Vx I •� 44 I+ Li PREJUNPTIVE IJIT T1C051J (TITER aL16 >ND <a_IOLD TITER CN.1 N4E1 e ey"TiI f 1 ^. > ' L_f COMPATIBLE ILLNESS (TITER < 15 OR SERUM NOT TESTED) s. '} rv��'st• A- -FIGURE I. Confirmed and suspected psittacosis cases in employees of a poultry processing-plant. Ne- r ` 1''" I iJ.y a . ,t. ,. braska. June 1976. £r t r fr N t 7�is TABLE 3 single central Texas flock were suspected �+ }�r.,�° � Psittacosis incidence by department In employees as the source of infection. The turkeys working Jura!I-15,Nebraska raska poultry ,,.,'".£w ;Rm " processed on other dates in .June had crime ,v Mt M4 R -- prrN•ersing plan(' +x}w.ys _ --- _ from Nebraska and liansas. The turkeys } S'.4F d + M°N Department No f em- .I< r w fr eR processed on June 14-15 had a higher plovers o w.r, ''r N`d _ l l— t coot — condemnation rate 12:1 and a.6 per crate F i KIII and pick + r Evisceration than any of the other flocks i≤1.2' per we ^Yl < JI Ii 1251 e '+r Pickacine in 1 (25) cent.) processed that month r table 4t While • vcm fi E 5<i.. e t , Fyueeration:md pnckagin I 9 s(ssf this was not considered to be an unusually aT ',t i pa, ..Sas'• ,, _Other IR II )" 'A ."; 2 " •e ` Total ss 2;r+.al high condemnation rate by either the r ?" +Tyw.tY�tf t plant manager or the USn:\ irnpcctnt•s at a f tf (a„ ltt - • Exr!udes one patient who did not wnrk these the plant, it was higher thin the l..:i per sr y tw two dates. cent condemnation rate for breeder turkey l'l a 'AZ:+r Ju'�N.. ` Percentages in parentheses. ' „ . II;V,I , Includes employees who worked in both depat- hens observed liver a six-month period at ; °.7:::14;,n.. meats. the plant in 197.5. The condemnation rate P JFha) az , for air sacculitis in the turkeys -laugh- r n Tai. ,�'s �, in the case group was virtually identical tered on June 11-IS was 1.1 per cent corn-c j � . to that('or all employees in affected depart- p:ii ed tyilh D. per cent fm breeder turkey 'V. ', ti)' a'4.'s ments. hens in 1975. r! t, ' .c Occurrence of infection was also not Prior to shipment of the Te as turkeys ', l`, r`laTa' related to duration of employment. The for ,laughter, the flock was inspected at a J r�?,.0 patient group had a median duration of the request of the owner I'nr clinical et•i- ' lt -,r• employment of 21 months Irange I•I days dente of infection. and serum specimens to 26 years) compared with 24 months I'hr were obtained from 15 of i;opo hens and all employees. tit. of 51)R toms 11n• ,e rolu;-ic testing. \o i x v lu` k Source o/• itt/i•ction. The plant hid re- evidence of clinical disease iv;,,.; observed �eY ~»•, sumed processing of' poultry on .tune 3 in the flock. and none of the -ovum -peci- t fbllowing its normal period of seasonal miens had detectable Ch/unn-,/iu antibody t 45 , F 4 inactivity and had processed turkeys on by direct CI: testing All of the birds were tfy 'P; ,xtis r'r"+ F only five days prior to onset of illness in then -hipped to the plant in Nebraska lot D yt'a the employees on June 21 (figure IL Re- price:snig. ,- t, k$4Y .1.at `. cause the incubation period Ibr• psittacosis tiuh.equcnt to the Ncloaska outbreak. ai kAa y?' is generally four to 15 days. the tuiki i s the Texas I'.0 m was revisited and aH n. ': t :. .:7.-1:1,.-5:q!,4;_ , processed June 14-15 which were from a placement_breeder birds tin the premises 4 i•-,. , rtb: r t i 4 sr. T ...,Lt's.!: /,;,.'..::.:;:;t;'.I, ,�a i:',, 8(yOl80 M+'te .S`t r "aiet i�'tgar �15h� sy�u. ,�f' �(t y ` aH I ip #0 3nok'4 n,:iyl+x} Ix, 'b r a{f yJ5ft&�1:'";'";.4 Sr`ii ) 4'f 1' '4'T,'"51 ' .inc'f��**I"ra • �' 3a''`S J '•n 1, w k+i,(l,.lr6r't+1..We� 4iii.4k 'f U{ 1••• n',G� Yr f tLp .13y ghti i i :I y�+,�'lWp4 irlen''',10'' y4%A e- ?+. ��} �e Ql iM lye)yr� 1 J ip, t!.A$ Y f h n 'Ir.�7. 9 „� IA +N'Y�l`fN l!t in I .�l� V91f y'•L JYp T1 P CV e P h d 1 i S• ^illy+ }ry "1. I L p "/G i% a •r d ed i I.. 1�41R '-• •i 1 4 7 .4''.fR 7 . 1 'Liif-, 8,•:$T.1: I {...-•,,•,f,:; + • t 1 Y- 41r I•••,,,,,•••4$•,,,,,„:”"$••`' f•h r (.Vyr 1( V.f `,y-..'.;•$-fit } ar " Y' a , tr Vf H,��s (i •J is A ^1 „a'u,+ur l ill s- e, b n) ,,,n• 4'A r w t i4 ry : f HJ,. S I y yj yyT •[..k.„....1',„•••, e 25 '�q dr+ c,,,, I( ^ M' • ,,,,,,tbJ Bs" BxMr*,:,•FF4ss"�P'/y',;a' Ar .. b . s, ..' .'.'t )y �9s' •M. F' t lYiY'..�'g�Si'+sp.'. •. -. . .. _._-ci.K..n�.2r..� WI.evL'3i.'..-.,..U�-....w"u+..d131+1>� .6�...�Lia..�P�u• atY{'1% }ib ..„:x.- C.'b3a•.d•k'. C4n'rACOSIS lu'79IREAK IN EMPLOYEES ill I'UItKEY.PROCESSINi; PLANT I4: were serologically tested: none of these The incidence of both seropositivity IC'i had detectable Chlamwlin antibody. At titer ?1:161 and clinical psittacosis wn- this time it was found that two breeder not significantly different between work- hens from the incriminated (lock were still ers in the three departments. The compar- on the premises. Both birds had a Chin- ability of departmental attack rates wa- I a a'le'9 nrydia antibody titer of 1:32. At necropsy, compatible with aerosol transmission, hu' JUL I lesions consistent with psittacosis were did not rule out other routes of infection, observed in the two birds, and included Direct facial exposure to potentially in- • rl mild to moderate pericarditis• air sacculi- fectious sprays of poultry blood and other ti.s. hepatomegaly, spienomegaly and per- tissues, with invasion via the conjunctiva l rlc`I itonitis. Chlnmvrlia organisms were iso- or respiratory tract, was another potential lated from both birds by mouse inoculation route of infection. Approximately one-half, 'c processing plant. Ne• of-pooled spleen. pericardium and air sac 28, of the 57 processing employees in the tissues. study group reported such exposure. Using Route of infection. Possible routes of the Mantel-Haenszel test (8), the associa- Iock were suspected I infection were evaluated using r both CF coon. The turkeys lion of infection with exposure to thew titers_1:16 and reported illness as indices sprays and skin contact with poultry ti-- •s in June had come of infection. The study population for this sues was compared. ansas. The turkeys analysis consisted of 57 employees who Regardless of contact coefficient,-neithe 1-1.5 had a nigher had worked the week of June 14 and had the incidence of seropositivity ILF titer y 7 and :3.6 per cent) been serologically tested. Six employees 1:16) or clinical-psittacosis had ;1 signifi- r flocks '5.1.2 per who had worked the week of June 14 but nth (table 4). While cant correlation with facial exposure ;4 hard a history of psittacosis prior to 1976 sprays of poultry tissue (tables 5 and 6 to bean unusually were not included in the study grow by either the P. The incidence of seropositivity in employ- ire The 57 employees worked in three de- ees with a high contact coefficient of 10-SI ISDA inspectors at rtments—kill and 'r than the L3per p' pick, evisceration. was significantly greater than in tho=• and packaging. The kill and pick depart- with a low contact coefficient of 0-9 iNlan for breeder turkey ment received air flowing from the eviscer- tea-Haenszel test: p <0.02). The incident-- ix-month period at anion and packaging area. Employees of of clinical psittacosis, however, was no, condemnation rate this department also helped in cleaning of significantly different between the tw•- e turkeys slaugh- the evisceration and packaging area at contact groups (Mantel-Haenszel test:p = s 1.4 per cent corn- the end of the work-day. 0.09). for breeder turkey the Texas turkeys TABLE I C was inspected at ,lndlvn nurran rnn•s/or are,-k,- --be s6u;Chter'intr.Nebra kn p�m;try prle•rs•.cirrq Ph"?' _.— er for clinical evt- No of Nn condemnedi, el„ serum specimens i)nie Iw er 9 - - -' - - Total No plead era, v•d lu mi., condemned on.rnvd Tam)he,. • of 6000 hens and ---- _--- - - .._ _.-- mrm1., Air-nrn;hlr Ufher dune I •21 t - II I2 _r' p I.2r ---:r . . ._ ... n911 h 'nlogic testing. No .time i :12:19 10 11 24a)11.71 I 41 11.21 rase was observed 5 .4 f the serum speci- done lit 1129 10 , 10 X129 19 25 I^- 8612.71 29 114 X7':1 kill(. din antibody .rune 1St 3:123- - Iq 63 119 CLfi1 13 17214.ro I of the birds were thine 12 277,9 Ii 12 3011.11 $ 7.511.4 t in Nebraska for .lure 27 a _6 Al 11.2, 6 .1711 1. •lure•r2S ".R ld II d 17 Id 10.:11 14 27111.-, Thine 29 - 10rt i I 11 I 3 10.4 1 IS 111 1: ,brined nutbrere- I um a ;n4 n a 8,41 n.11 Is1te(I and aR re• 4 • riorreniiutps1n +ur•nlhr.r= on the premises 'Turkey shipments nnplirnird as Ihr wmerr of in Yrelinn. • 9c.,01.80 �(�•. yq } .Mn ry.Y ,,yam a " 4i dltJ° E"R•!P♦,'y��.Wr ! T p� M. 5rg I . n+ 1'B ty„b'lrii".•�+ 1 kdl }�S�'�+'a 'NA r r _ �dA` re�M*n'I ,� 5 y6� .1.�� r F` e ,y v ' .f' ° �a S.e '} i fly k` r1' I�vCa rM 7k r.1 "DtY r 36 re tW` a�y `t Mc !1 a3,,e e ' cU of-i 4rY .p Faro:fi f4ro .f i..4 H it 1{>'�S.g4t s,ra�th�v d/ h7A*,nW+ 1 G1W1 y 'F4�'"3Tm }.�r i� t5 E 1.�� +F� :�i A�5r {;',1,1*,,;,,: s,,4 ("a ro Ht3 r4Y f4.lT! i:ate• 1 w6..:ti /`A" a �'bi'.nM ,'LG1r,r1✓,'th; 1L. �•� 1!b Y a i ! 9 } E7 1 1(r14'! ry 1, ,Tj 4< i4 1{4 {Xu ! 'AL,: 1 e5 t4 wd,. fie' 1 i�f 't' •...„ > �'r e: d ,. 1 . N• -. yiW MYy1W Rr� r ,,WA . `t Y rc 4 r J•' 1 d�:.1 4� , f `,l a 'M, 12 l4 •, r .,1-r,:.'-' , n r J [ u+pl3?�.-� Y v �,,,�. n i-" , e ; -yu t. .. • -.w: .-.....•1..W:.ra i3•alir: -L.... -CaDLIA, ,r"x. iph �at'4.' .+I.:F s}n.`97i"�fR'':!r-->t . °''"'. .:^i 9i. 7'' -5}yY .t �i:, Fm ..a. nA ".+ I 1 146 ANDERSON, STOESZ AND KAUFMANN \ {iii i ' TABLE 5 illness, with a minimum interval of 14 •, Serop'sttt ity'incidence in processing ap/owes by days between the first and last specimen. IIcontort euejFcirrt(ond facial rrprr.a !n cprnvs raj collected. A minimum of 22 days elapsed poultry blood and tissue lieu/s,Nebraska poultry between clinical onset and collection of processing plant • _ _ _____ ___.—__ the last serum specimen. All five-patients Facial i Contactcoefficienthad a CF antibody titer of 1:8 to 1:16in at to sprays rnyx la 10-50 Total _ least one serum specimen, but none had a r No 7/IS C191t 9/11 182) 16/29°551 fourfold titer change. r. Yes 4/9 1441 14/191'141 18/281641 All live patients with unconfirmed psit- Tnml 11/27 1411 23/30(77) 34/57 1601 tacosis received 1 gm of tetracycline orally • CF antibody titer?-1:16. -each day for a minimum of 10 days.-The 1 Nn. of seropositive employees/Nn. of employees antimicrobial therapy was initiated on the j having comparable contact coefficient and facial exposure 11-41. third day of illness in three instances and r on the ninth day in two. ! M. . All 22�atients having confirmed psitta• • ' TABLE fi Psiunrnsis•incidence processing employees by cosis also received a comparable thernpeu- !'r contact coe trcent_and facial exposure to sprays of -poultry blood and!issue fluids,Nebraska tic regimen of tetracycline. Therapy was poultry plant initiated within three days of onset in _ — eight patients, on the fourth to-sixth day Fo Contact coefficient exposureof illness in 10. and seven or more days to sprays sprays 1-9 10-50 Total _ after onset in four. The number of illness No 8/1813311 8/11 (7:11 14/291481 days prior to collection of the First serum Yes 3/9 133) 9/19174' 12/2814:31 specimen and interval between collection Total 9/27 1;31 17/20 1571 26/57 1461 of serum specimens were comparable in • Cases classified as confirmed. presumptive and both the confirmed and unconfirmed case compatible.' No. of psittacosis cases/Nn. of employees with "t oil ` • comparable contact coefficient and facial exposure The illness in the confirmed and yncon- (-9 I. firmed patient groups was similar. If all these patients had psittacosis as sin- The study population included 24 pa- peeled, the discrepancy in serologic re- tients who had chest x-rays during the sponse cannot he readily explained by dif- � course of their illness. Fourteen of these ferences in tetracycline therapy, the tim- ' . had pulmonary infiltrates detectable by x- Ing of serologic evaluation, or severity of .:7;.'",.•-••••-, f' ray. and the occurrence of such an infil- clinical illness. trate was significantly associated with Economic asses. The cost of the out- contact of freshly killed turkeys prior to hreak in terms of medical expenses and chilling. Twelve of 15 patients 'SO per lost wages was considerable. Claims for d cent) having contact with turkeys prior to medical expenses totaling $10.479 were chilling had infiltrates,compared with two submitted to the company by 25 of the 28 of nine 122 per cent) having contact with patients. kledical expenses averaged $410 I Y chilled turkey carcasses (Fisher's exact •range$1fl s2214).The cost of medical care r+t'S x ,` :' test, two-tailed: p 0.011 No association for the three remaining patients is not a t , was found between the occurrence of de- known, although all three had consulte d ' :. '•'7I'' • tectahle pulmonary infiltrates and facial a physician. exposure to splattered poultry tissues. The actual work (lays lost by 25 of the Serologic response in nn Cn it fir.n I'd 28 patients totaled 408 i mean 1(i• range ()- cases. 'rwo or more serum specimens were `. t). Because many patients were absent •‘!4 • obtained from five patients who had a from work on their doctor's orders for compatible but serologically unconfirmed convalescence subsequent to clinical recov- 900180 k a: i�'iy i��}t"°"t• a 4/;: 1 ,. > v �p'y�� ♦� +y�� v r•' j l f 3 44�* iR el"r£4} �4 it 1 vt.4.s.rdt t t 444-04H-,s Ate'r o' rA4 r A'r.0 r ^'e5 t 1\4' 4 �p k r ,Y»} s l7 1;%, ., S t,+'�� t r ,r �1' $. +hit ,� rtlyl ,1,i } rArd 'i 11!Jrt +x t 1 $ ' :1� 4 t 1� 1. rA'Ax'1 n i » i t r e r,' . T' 4"-,y�+^ Y • .. a +� r✓ t M•r1 .by p 4 e E 4 hP/.� +. bri� 4$ ryMm• ?},jr�A0 r� q} V +E , ri :4 4'..•!.• i ,.{ i�lf 1Y �1 d1e1 ., ',_"44,v-KF0.,, .rt ,,„ . kafl �} d i„. p $� l,„t sf {, :t y�.Y "] YI y}R>.1Fi ,,,t n i br i.{b a;'i1.,,; ° it ,t1 rt1?�. ♦{ �,� 4)Y n, .�s Y .y vr� ;h ( w t r r dih k �+ eA h52 ! r•r„ ° 7 P 1Y 1 J � �N �. yy n...r 4 �XI .: 1 1'ih � .. ♦ l,' „11,r blf MY pFJ t i� �G f•1� ° ' 1 5 N 1t , j y PSITTACOSIS OUTBREAK IN EMPLOYEESDY TURKEY-PROCESSING PLANT 147 urn interval of 14 eryy. days of work loss exceeded actual also not correlated with incidence of pul- and last specimen ; days of illness. The total wage loss was monary infiltrates in psittacosis patients. of 22-days elapsed $8650. with the loss being partially re- Whether our observations-are statistical . and collection of couped by workmen's compensation pay- artifacts or indicate a more complex epi- n. All five patients ments totaling $2355. The two-remaining demiology of this disease than commonly r of 1:8 to 1:16 in at employees would have missed work days thought warrants further study in future en, but none had a except that their illness occurred while on outbreaks. We were unable to find reports vacation and after quitting the job, respec- of-psittacosis outbreaks in poultry.process- n unconfirmed psit- lively. One of these individuals was ill ing workers which analyzed risk factors 'tetracycline orally eight days and the other seven. in a comparable manner. im of 10 days. The Other -related losses such as -cost of In 1974, several psittacosis outbreaks in vas initiated on the j transportation to physician's offices, work poultry processing plants were traced to hree instances and loss by family members caring for -pa- turkeys raised in Texas. To reduce-risk of ! tients, and expense to the company for infection froni processing infected flocks. g confirmed-psitta- recruiting temporary replacement workers the USDA developed a control program at operable therapeu- I were not determined. An increase in the that time based on flock certification and line. Therapy was company's premium for liability and work- chlortetracycline treatment (7). This pro- days of onset in men's compensation insurance was also gram required that Texas turkey flocks be burth to sixth day anticipated. inspected Tor clinical evidence of infection even or-more days 10 to 14 days prior to slaughter, with blood number of illness DISCUSSION samples being collected randomly from II) of the first serum Inhalation of infectious aerosols is birds for CF testing. In practice, the blood between collection clearly the primary route of infection for samples were collected from unhealthy-ap- err comparable in most psittacosis patients. The comparable peering birds rather than randomly. un- _unconlirmed case attack rates in employees who worked in der the-assumption that such birds would the three processing departments was con- he more likely to have serologic evidence firmed-and uncon- sistent with aerosol transmission. Some of of infection. Turkey flocks having clinical was similar. If all our findings, however, were difficult to evidence of psittacosis or containing birds :ittacosis as sus- explain on this basis. with a CF titer of 1:32 were required to y in serologic re- All persons working in the processing undergo treatment with chlortetracycline- v explained by dif- j departments had potential aerosol expo- medicated feed (200 gm per ton) for 21 therapy, the rim- sure. hut we found that employees with days. Following a 48-hour withdrawal pe- ion, or severity of higher contact coefficients had a signifi- rind, the flock was re-inspected for evi- candy higher incidence of seropositivity dence of clinical disease before being cer- cost of the out- and a higher, though not significantly. tilled for slaughter. ical expenses and incidence of clinical psittacosis. Also, the The above program has been intermit- table. Claims for psittacosis patients who worked in the tently enforced since 1974. The lack of ing $10.478 were processing stages prior to chilling of the outbreaks in workers processing turkeys ny by 25 of the 28 turkey carcass had a significantly higher certified under this program has been ses averaged $419 incidence of pulmonary infiltrates. claimed to he proof of its success.-However. ost of medical care The above discrepancies could have been the current outbreak involved turkeys ter: g patients is not due todifTerences of infectious aerosol con- tilled in an identical fashion although ree had consulted ce: ation at various points along the done on a voluntary basis. pp, -sing line. Assuming that facial One major -pitfall of the certification c lost by 25 of the solo -. ing with turkey tissue might re- program is the small number of birds mean 16, range 0— fleet :nis, we were not able to correlate examined serologically. Assuming random ients were absent facial splattering with increased risk of distribution of infection and random sam- actor's orders fir infection in either the high or low contact piing, a sample of 10 birds could be de- it to clinical recov- coefficient groups. Facial splattering was pended on to detect an infected flock with 26O180 r va 'aY f '- +d.�y��"`#•2''$y p L:. `' z r}lei 1. / / i,. , :1,72- lr-Mts (y vi.,..f. r a° �� 1r bye Taf`r" f„-w, ,' � .{d' �{`'' 1 4 e',� `�.i ("'.1/4.%4,;-.V620...,.4"-,'%pPtb i aft 1 1 � p, s 4.. Yt l'-^i �I� „ a x7a w G �' rc ° �x .t , I4' '. 1' , '��4 �' rA' N S •„.-7- '4:', ,+,u „ �r , W.4 7 k ,M1F e id x y N�ttiL ` � c'x: a° £� - .�y.' r n n! ?,,0„, • :q , f -Arc i,',•.,-1[ "I 7 Sit�'s .y's��y•. I+ •,r.� v F t' it i s a y Y I W M) 1 P I '` 41)-'krr i t K ,� w` tL kt d ,, vM1 f , @may, ri .�� cm�...u.-:'• e ,A �'!;'f�.�,r�lfN�.. r,.#+ �'-�d: r e ., •. 4m� k �` .d ' � l Wan • a at,'r4' fir p�>•.:r0, .. (e x+:r•-: ♦ • t Yak .. ' C `i+'1 146 ANDERSON. STOESZ ...J) KAUFSIANN 95 per cent confidence, only if the infection hut how it is transmitted between tl• tr' rate exceeded 25 per cent. Whether selec- is uncertain. Wild birds such as sea .' 4- i rive collection of blond samples from ap- are suspected to play a significant rid parently ill turkeys results in increased this regard. r _ 414,9tt tb .��r efficacy of sampling has not been ade- Itrrene.re sr t ' • i. ,:.Or,: fr°y'l�etS 1, w; (palely evaluated. I. Ntryor KF' t nitho.i /n: Di 1 e- of P••• ! I * 92,1�4 4rl •ry4 1i - Inspection for clinical evidence of infer- Filth edition. Edited by HE Itle-ter 1 ( %i ' # i W^` f' Mr8'` Sch wane Ames, Town State On'venue !^ e ,',.;'ie ate ''` Y `"a>,:. lion can also he confounded by chlnrtetra- , e .t ) (1 z r ' I l.th i x F� cycline feeding for control of nonspecific 2. Andrew, JAI. 1'he Impel? mte or p it!IC ��°a�t�f''", k disease. The tetracycline may prevent the I.nited State-.J Am VP( Sled A.,nc t i. t I ltr sa+• 'I • "" readily detectable signs DI'rlisc i.e out not ni 19 57 et ' r,5 t{.}}r,1Y� i a e, ,3n y 5. 1` 1. 11 n. Jv• sent,„„ TD. IL,wrn .l' Onthn. +` .+ 1y�Ui1 l R 1'$' t'y infection 111. I;u ltov,} inrnithoslnl from wnt'king yip .t•.)�w .lfel1 keys or chicken.. Am •1 I'ohl is Health 1: ' , ;�;,��, , i �.. The control program developed by ' r- -f (' te,, F v ed n1 1951 Iw r Ira L'SI)r\ may well have value in teclucinr +• * * � gam°\`i• � •I. Center for I)rrn>r Control. Morbidity:uui A.,,'yt• hd60.4, 4., t h•,' ,5�1�' e, risk for processing plant workers. Whether Inlay Weekly Rep 1?.1,9. 197,1 Yr �r'1lNk1141:tr • s"f+" iA`j,,6 the current outbreak ought have been 5. Uutf e f C Pollen NISI. Ouu•trr It W. 41 r. .. '+h'.`I prevented if the infection had been de- ;;;!1•,:.: Hamm psi?l;u , i n.nrtn fed with Den I kif'! i.�.nwpl•or•e. int id Iurkev. .1 Am Vet \led � iiia , + tt?�{ tected in the flock prior to slaughter and tr ITI-Son. 1975 ,r qi xw agV>4 t � , l..0.. the birds treated with chlortetracycline is f, Rutn m m'FM. Il ndrm . l I nri m ' l l nz Yfliurellol, in the United Suite,. 1969-.1I d " B unknown. t ¢a ` 4M, 4+ ;fir nh ntmr , -Droned tike,i-e. riot III Fin i•. .,+E 1xF • �i''tr r1, The hest approach to controlling psHta- nµ uul evidence Inc acqu 1 I ,mmunna ai'R4t, 4 aV : r cosis at the turkey processing plant level tine ,lie 439. 1974 tw y �iV .u1 P;l,i ' 7. Walker IW• lined KA, ell e SF et u, U would he eradication of the disease in i" YaO y :MVP Stin.F'rdernl -1'Iu kr% t)InitllD .� t'' ,r �•5, , 'pa i,147 turkeys. Unfortunately. the opizootiolog)• Faire. Texas. 1974 Avian Di- es D.;:- 1'.e, a r "441v t4 x .1 of the the disease in tur d t.as remain. poorly 11Th t'(a e r rl RS`a • 4 `+ `,, N \Lnrtel N. 11 u n-n I W St.,t, tiuIl ., r.. I r• te ' i e• ' 4.5y understood. 'fhc disease is apparently n 1 n the .uwlva- ,I In'1 horn tPttmlu•eme. - • a . `'ad" t: *' , spread by aerosol within an infected flock. of ill,e,.e .I V.1tl (.1m.•r lea _2719 eft id ,ti4Xy4'gI r r 5 r a a m ntnI1lil . -f J1 - vnsdltdC Ir; F [ 1)i 4.tP"A%s rdf t- v,y 't, Les.•.+, r, a '. rt u t+tit#1',gv.'' m "art} . } '4 jk 's "� -4 . 7. Y�+,�,'� fir I e$: 4},).ry 1 n.� y.'5ti ,,��(( eC Y` 1 (.^4/ a.`-':44:.....4,,...:‘+...+w.<�lr Iroa�(. it.. y . taP^° .CtM .4 L: 1 14 4Yit/t h r ,' s ", i r F its. 1.i. „t, u) n 319 r tie y+ "11 I • rot3'�.r+e ^l f i; 111. $V1t. 11F 1e� , • { Y'WA.',ft ' . 'f'f� W�R S r i CF .• T,trY t : + i t t t1_t.n+:aM il -0 • " a., a Ali. s ▪ uu,. ` p 2 rru 1-.av11t\w „fl �„ f,:tic i• t l 41t1ate f'y N, ' $$Fiiiir", a a ♦, 5 1 al:tit l } d rk L n l d° P ,4U „-„ 1 r1, I ��`±} `41Iyh; y L�:ryr�d,y,;),w.� •T I e YAxr H~I 4,, tµ, ,, tr J.:- 4,.• .1i i- U irt6 yrf e ny,• y1, h�l3( 7 f IMF• e 'i J,,'1 f.yejr ' % • Vr,1r4�77 4.r 1 : C4 .v 90018O Y4 „val.,r .+ '+"n� �^ �en.n.�y, rd1( r,,, ,,,,,.„..,,,,,,,s,„:," Ar1 �'p�it . .., L{ v,,, n,r,cr dr# 1`w.' n �m1• 4 i r9 J413. e., F41h l,,,,,,•,;:„E„,:,,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,„0..,, I -•. �. `} !, M �- ,..:4 ,.,.Pt ,r, , n",'"`ty f r 4k Ter' Y , 4P,— r 's ;k / .,y A,• ,e�,,��wI1M�1 �"_{ ,e, $' d 4 ' 7 #i ! rw 1 t 5 1 t m+�+yt 0i ' 19'1 rc 1Jf:��qx33 yy kR PY r r e; a sal. it ern t.Aek 014 Yl e+�S.g'x.r .! >•l 4 rjt 9 -�^s �wSt '',p1 w -.---. _. JR p6,1,At' S`; se 1.t)'rt po 4 4 '.: • ..d1'.yv j � �1.{I P.rlat t"t4 .i-'.. :-.191 k' COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 85816 REPLY TO: Vet Med Extension (916) 752-0854 February 16, 1990 Robert L, Andersen Elk Horn Ranch Salers 15370 Telluride Street Brighton, Colorado 80601 Dear Mr, Ander-sen: The list of questions you sant shout possible increased risk of disease to yourxattle from the proposed turkey poult facility are really tough to answer without writing a textbook. Although there are a number of studies showing transmission of infectious agents from one farm to another of the same species, there are few wall-documented studies on -disease transmisnion 'from one species to another; and I am not aware of -any between turkeys and cattle . However, that is not because it might not occur, but bemuse it is very difficult to prove. There is always some risk of in₹ecti-on moving from one living thing to another, Many bacteria are quite resistant and can be carried in a variety of ways--by wind, water, vehicles, people, and _other animals. Such bacteria would include Salmonellae, Staphylococci, fungi, and yeasts , -Part of the difficulty of proving transmission between -different ap -ciea is that the disease-8 might be quite different. AStaphylococcus might cause arthritis in a poult but mastitis in a -cow. A general rule is that the greater the concentration-Of 'animal-s in a given area, the greater the Sisk of Miseasa. This is mot more than common sense. There might -not be increase-d disease, _but the risk is certainly greater, If I vast producer-of valuable animals and another animal -production unit of any kind vas established only 201O feet away, I would be uneasy, Thera will certainly be increased microbiological activity in that area. Again, while it is difficult to quantify, the fact that your cattle are living -at a high Leval Df physiological activity -from pregnancy or hormonal influence -will make them less resistant to infection, The fetus should -also be kept in-mind. Yours sincerely, b.. ! - D anl+nt i A McMartin, H.V.M.-S. , Ph,D. Extension Veterinarian DAM:jlw 9001so The University of California Cooperative Extinilon In oompllenoe with the Chill Plante Aot or 100-t,Title IN of the Eduoetion Amendments of 1972,and thy fleheblllttllon-A01 of 1973 00,t not blecrlml nnte on the heele of race,moil,fbllglull,color,national orluln,tea,or mental or phyniceI handicap in any of ha programa or acheillne,or with reapeol to any 01 la employment poliolea,pro;oc,e or proo,durn.The Unlvsrt Ity or CalllornIe 0014 not onunminele un In.belle 01 .ni'y, meal orbilnilpn,n1;Na1 vow., lru,tleabintl n,Vino nom off]vulnruna.fmtu,rlasrnosrnlnp mi./mt./m.1y bn J rr atM ul tnp Anlnnnikn Aeilnn Olllcar,71), Unlvurelly Avenue,Ue!varahy ui Ceillurnla,ilnfkeiey,CulilmnL:Al2Q(11h)n4ed270. Unlverdly of r,ulllornl,anti tan llnlmn Alden rtnpnrlmonl of Adrlrullurn rneperellr,d. B-righton Animal Clinic, Inc. 180 Bromley Lane Brighton, Colorado 80601 659-2472 Alan R. Rice, DVM Feb. 19, 1990 Weld County Commissioners Weld County Centennial Bldg. 915 10th Street Greeley, Co. I have written you previously with my concerns about the proposed turkey raising facility on WCR 23, adjacent to Bob Anderson' s Ranch. Mr. Anderson is particularly concerned about transfer of salmonelLa and coccida to this livestock. We want it known that in the 10 years I have done his veterinary service that neither salmonella or coccida have been diagnosed in his herd of cattle. Before approving the facility please take all measures to 'protect the the existing ranchers and farmers. Sincerely, 9O60 cek 4,.SIct OE .rev-+af+► ;S C1 f EXHIBIT taads -c, licar.ssioav- ass Nc I 12% s usQ ik. let_ otoas • •rt ► sir 'C — r{� • - .,� ,,• - .. • �a: , �s,•. • • ' 's k .••••• . .• 14. Ilb• ‘1,‘"lb, T .04 ;,,, ' 14 .i. . - 44 .,1 • - ,.....-............--.4-.-....- ...-......... ., :4 ‘iiii;lip.; Ill , `. 1 . r; :4 • • • �•�N�Y. . �a/_3i17]C/w• .:-....-...e.' _ - _ �►� e- �. • ^�' . . -- : ii 'k- - .. v- çZS ' ••••••• ''...bp,.. #::.‘41' • ~\�-. �'' • I. r .all h.' .i• •� 'wig• - •:c .. ;- _ is-4 _ tt yJ • tit: ‘i e. 10 1 -11-A1 1.. \ lik 1.. J1p J a. • L I:4*. . • illilliDtk.:: - ,, • • • - 1 - L. M. l • ; ikt AP 4. - • a . Pb n • fle. ...i • . ..."‘ - —-- 3 •• ,4pit • to ., - : . .... , ea._ 3 . : . . , . i . „L. :: _ . . , _ .., - ailltr , ♦ ' - � � • b. . , x _41, 7 . NO. „ • - fi, . , \ -4i. . . . 1 { to. tr. _ + • t lts -.t t • 411. ir 4. • i• • • • • • • . ' 1 •- - j • c71atte 9JaIIey @chco/s P.O. Box 487 - KERSEY, COLORADO 80644 - 303/352-6168 WELD COUNTY DISTRICT RE-7 GLEN M. HANSON. SUPERINTENDENT February 20, 1990 jh(BIT Board of County Cormnissioners Weld County Courthouse Greeley, CO 80631 Commissioners: It -has been brought to my attention that a request to -build -a turkey farm facility in the Beebe Draw area is before your board. I wanted to share some perceptions of the turkey farm industry to assist you in your decision making process. There have been four turkey farms in the area south of Kersey for many years. I believe the community has benefitted from their presence in -many ways. Having been involved with the schools in Kersey, I have seen the benefit of jobs to keep people in the community -that wanted -to remain there. And of course, if the people tan find employment in the local community, some -of those dollars circulate through the tills of the local businesses. The local people staying in the community to work has also provided a stability to the community, people with an interest in the community. This was exemplified in 1973 when Kersey experienced the -flood from the Latham Reservoir. Several workers from the turkey farms were in town assisting local townspeople with -cleanup efforts. I don't know if the management -of the turkey -Farms asked them to help, or if they did it on their own. What I do know is -that the -sense of community was there -to assist the community in a time -of -need. The turkey industry has been one -of the major _contributors -to the tax base of the school -district and fire district. It has _always been an industry that we never had to -worry about whether the -taxes would be paid -or rot. Thera have been numerous -other contributions from the turkey industry to -our community over -the years. School and community -organizations 'could count an the -turkey farms for a contribution to fund raising drives. Most often these contributions tame in the form of turkeys for a meal , turkey eggs for noodle making, etc. Sck . . . a J., 4f oin 900180 Commissioners Page 2 February 20, 1990 The school district also benefitted from the use of machinery, and often times the tabor to run the machinery, -to do grounds maintenance projects that saved the taxpayers dollars. We are -an agricultural county and an agricultural community and the turkey industry is an agriculturally based industry that fits into our environment. Sincerely, Glen 41. Hanson, Superintendent 900180 Ginn Alf Plattenille P.O.DRAWER]0 Plnrarparuteb 1876 411 GOODRICH AVENUE PLATTEVILLE,COLO.80651 PHONE'. 785-2245 February 20 , 1990 Board of County Commissioners Weld County , Colorado 91-5 10th Street Greeley, Colorado €0632 Dear Commissioners : Longmont Foods has asked that I write you to express how important agriculturE is to our -economy . Th-e area farms , dairies , feedlots , egg farm, and turkey farms not only improve the overall tax base but provide jobs . These workers spend a good deal of money at local businesses , whose workers in turn help support other local business and the cycle continues . In short it is my belief that Platteville would have to struggle to survive were it not for agriculture . Very truly yours , / / L / -Earl L. Reiter Mayor Vv a 9110180 P.O. Box 487 - KERSEY, COLORADO 80644 - 303/352-6168 WELD COUNTY DISTRICT-RE GLEN M. HANSON, SUPERINTENDENT February 20, 1990 Board -of County -Commissioners Weld _County Courthouse Greeley, CO 80831 Dear £ommissioners: Longmont Foods/ton Agra is planning to build a turkey farm in the aeebe Draw area. As we understand there -have been concerns expressed about the proposed project. There have been turkey farms in the -area south of Kersey for many years. The community has received many benefits from having the facility in -ur area beside the obvious benefit of property taxes. The community has been supported by the turkey industry through such activities as the donation -of turkeys for community or organizational banquets, the donation of turkey eggs for the making of noodles -for money making projects, and the donation of wood chips for the annual stock show at the local high school. The school district has benefitted directly from the use of machinery and the -donation of labor to run the machinery for some improvement projects at the school . The loc-ation of a turkey farm in the area means more jobs within the community -which should help the overall economy of the community. The Platte Valley School District at Kersey has found the turkey farms to be "good neiighbors" over the past years. Sincerely, 9aAc-9-$.2a.4tin� Jack Heidenreich _Er Secretary of the Board ''''````► 00 to _0/717i0 &e ation/ . . . Ott&Your 4A at Si. 900180 i// 15121 Weld Ca-Road 32 Platteville, CO 80651 -�� Ca-Road(303) 785-2889 (Denver Metro) 659-6003 'RESH IF FARMS Etog February 8 , 1990 '} A TO : BOARD OF WELD COUNTY COMMISSIONERS REFERENCE TO: U 8 R 898 LONGMONT FOODS ESTABLISHMENT OF BROODER FACILITY at WELD COUNTY ROAD # 43 Longmont Foods informed us of their desire to build a turkey brooding facility on Weld County Road #43 . We believe they should be permitted to build their facility. They are -and have been very concerned with bio security and as a part of this type of program must have good management They have several farms in close proximity to our farm and we have found them to be excellent neighbors in the Tast 20 years we have known them. We believe if Weld County desires animal agriculture that Longmont Foods should be allowed to build their turkey brooding facility as they have Proven to be good neighbors , produce a minor impact on the environment , -provide jobs , pay taxes , and are an asset to Weld County. Sincerely, kaaik oe Raith Morning Fresh Farms , Inc . ntr rn% 900180 RAY E. OLIN 13487 W.C.R. 32 EXHIBIT -Platteville, Colorado 80651 (303) 7852352 — ��yy'U j , 1`��yy qc tomok o- hunlitmoniairr cry Lid 0-wmgt .Ata o °Saab soco3 luMn `-Mc .- A rt Ate& c to arsirnk, oi &KA-E QeclQk► tduaryn . f o �kjmc b Ulc uccth tL ab ) 1 � r Flo, 11 haig Lmcb oryn9Satiiiti73), ad (iCiaka hod 0,1 ,AW n,ah+ -O O_0 f Cloalkoco3a., tu&h Qcsm r ,hz hcayQ LIU WW1 L1xS E1� ,mac 1Q , Auth uto aunt +:Luck 4011J2inrytt4 maul 4/1m LU AMA on No b .elite m -, DAL! ._pm-h-Punto IA-Rib at `11 ro-told ..> 11tir1ri -no Jona may ako Cfr.Un tai tiAting h Kap 1A Cih 0 I 1 200180 WEBBER CATTLE CO. '� 15156 Weld Co. Rd. 38 Platteville, CO 80651 (303) 737-2114_or 737-2518 Feb. -9, 1990 Longmont Foods Att: Larry D. Hatcher To whom it may concern; I have lived on road 38 since 1968. Shortly there- after, the turkey farms got established and have been neighbors on the _east and south borders of my place. -Phis has never been a problem of any kind. We _share a center road through the section and they have al- ways been most cooperative. They also maintain their property. I commend them as outstanding neighbors. Thank you, ( ) Cliff Webber BCH, IT 900180 Wes Moser-and Sons, Inc. PO53ox 205 8394 US Highway 85 Fon Lupton,CO 80621 February 15, 1990 Board of County Commissioners 915 10th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 Dear Sirs: Wes Maser -& Sons, Inc. has agreed to haul -off the fertilizer produced at the proposed facility on Road 43, (USR 898) . This will -be done as the weather permits. At this time, we would not anticipate any delay in removing the turkey fertilizer. As requested, all loads will be tarried before leaving the ranch to reduce blowing and spillage. Wes Moser b Sons, Inc. has used turkey fertilizer for about fifteen years, and thus far are very pleased with the results. We find turkey manure to be as goad or better than commercial fertlizers at less cost. I have included some lab tests that we have had run -over the past few years that show the amount of nutrients available in turkey fertilizer. Wes Moser & Sons, Inc. has had a working relationship with Longmont Foods for about ten years. We have farm ground -opposite the Longview Turkey Farm located at Weld County Roads 49 and 30. I-n that period of time, we have hauled manure out of many of their facilities, and delivered wood shavings for turkey bedding. Our dealings with Longmont Foods have been good; they do what they say they will do and pay their hills promptly. Sinc el John :R. Moser E 7/3 'Al jrm/em 900180 (303) 785-2903 • Denver No.t59-9663 • WATS: 1-800-621.8387 Ext. 549 • Fort Lupton (303) 857-9409 Wes Moser and Sons, Inc. PO Box 205 It,l`' 8394 U.S.Highway 85 • Fort Lupton,CO 80621 February 15 , 1990 Bob Edson Live Production Office 14377 Mead Street Longmont, Colorado 80501 Dear Bob, Wes Moser & Sons, Inc. agrees to haul off the fertilizer produced at your proposed facility on -Road 43, (USR 898) . This will be done as the weather permits. At this time, we would not anticipate any delay in removing the fertilizer. As you _requested, all loads will be tarped before leaving your ranch to seduce blowing and spillage . Sincerely, hn R. Moser j rm/-em G� D 9°0180 (303) 785-2903 • Denver No. 659-9663 • WATS: 1-€00-621-8387 Ext. 549 • Fort Lupton (303) 857-9409 February 14, 1990 15925 WCR .38 Platteville, CO $0651 Weld County Department of .Planning Services 915 110th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 SUBJECT: Longmont Foods Case No. USR 898 Hearing Date - 2/21/90 Gentlemen: The purpose of this letter is to provide a "character reference" for Longmont Foods of 14$77 Mead Street, Longmont, Colorado. We have lived within one-half (1/2) mile of Longmont foods' turkey farm located northeast of Pl-atteville, Colorado, since 1979 (at the address indicated above). Luring that time, we have experienced NO problems whatsoever as a result of living this close to their turkey farm. The employees of Longmont Foods are friendly and -courteous. To our knowledge, _Longmont Foods utilizes local businesses and trades people to the extent practicable. For eleven (11 ) years we have found Longmont Foods to be a "first class operation" AND a good neighbor. It is our pleasure to have this opportunity to recommend Longmont Foods for further expansion in our area. If you have any questions, please feel free to o-all us at 737- 2578 or 339-0298. Sincerely, Elmer W. Kitzman,'1Jr..A77121. Audrey L. Kitzman cc: Larry Hatcher aH/B/T / 0O 960180 Paul Renck February 12, 1990 1601 Bella Vista Drive Platteville, Colo. 80651 Weld County Commissioners 915 10th Street Greeley, Colo. 80631 Dear Commissioners, 1 have been a resident of Weld County for over ten years. I have been involved with the Cub Scouting program for the last three years, the last two as Cubmaster of Pack 54 of Platteville - Gilcrest. Larry Thacther, manager of a turkey Farm for Longmont Foods, is our current treasurer. This is a volunteer position and involves a lot of time donated to the Pack. His Company has generously let him use a company vehicle for transportation and pick-up of food for the Scouting for Food project. He has also arranged with the company to donate food-stuffs for Scouting projects. Business involvement with programs such as ours is important in our continuation and growth. I would like to publicly Thank Longmont Foods for their contributions to the Scouting program in the Platteville - Gilcrest area. Sinnccam y, Paul Renck s i EXHIBIT 0,- z 300180 r E 1 2 1990 Hoechst-Roussel Agri Vet Company Hoechst Route 202-206 North • Somerville, New Jersey 08876 Roussel Uciaf Telex 833-449 • Cable Hoechstus, Somerville, N.J. Telephone 1201) 231-2000 Direct dial number. February 5 , 1990 P.O. Box 1146 Monroe , N.C. 28110 Colorado Quality Research Attn: Dr . Carey Quarles 1401 Duff Drive Suite 700 Ft. Collins , CO 80524 IDear Dr. Quarles : I am writing in regards to our phone conversation of February 1 concerning the possible transmission of turkey coccidiosis to the bovine. There are seven species of coccidia recognized in the turkey and they are all very host specific to the turkey. Likewise, cattle coccidia have a strict host specificity to cattle . Therefore, one need not be concerned about the intertransmission of infection from turkeys to cattle or vice versa. Sincerely, � Uerry Maiers , D.V.M. Technical Services Hoechst Roussel Agri-Vet Co. State of North Carolina County of Union -Appeared before me this day , February 5th 1990 , Je ry aiers . s il"X Ct4i i i Bonnie Tomberlin , Notary 900180 The name ano logo MOkc HST arenagi5Rred trademarks of Hoecher AC USR 898 Longmont -Foods Turkey Brooding Facility February 21, 1990 EXHIBIT t 90O180 MEMO TO: Dr. Bob -Edson FROM: Dr. Ed Novacek DATE: October 23, 1929 UBJECT: Analysis -of turkey litter October 1929 . Samples of litter were taken from P&A, Pluss and Gordon 1 for analysis at Industri-al Labs at Denver. Approximately S lbs. were taken at random from each of the test sites. The samples were reduced by hand at the Sekich building to provide approximately 1 lb. of representative material for the laboratory. The samples were as follows: P&A litter was taken from the pile east of shed 3 from flock 304-915. The 5 lb. sample was taken from a depth of 1 to 2 ft. below the surface. Pluss litter was taken from: a) the new pile en the east side of the farm and represents litter from 3 flocks of turkeys on the same litter. b) the old pile on the east side of the farm is of unknown origin. Gordon 1 litter was taken from a shed after one flock of turkeys. Four sites in the building were samples. Analysis was made for moisture, nitrogen, potassium, phosphate, zinc and iron. Analyses for sulfate were unsuccessful. The cost for total analysis was $316.00 with no charge for sulfate. Organic matter was not requested. The analysis was as follows: Pluss Pluss Gordon 1 -Average Amount • P&A New Old Shed Average Per "Ton Moisture -% -3.80 3. 10 6.30 1-5. 10 8. 65 173.0 lb. Nitrogen -% .93 .33 .-66 1.40 .83 17.0 lb. Potassium % .90 .96 .85 1.20 .98 20.0 lb. Phosphate % .52 .64 .66 1.60 .85 17.0 lb. Zinc % .01 .02 .D1 .03 .02 . 4 It. Sion % . 16 . 13 .1.8 .22 . 17 34.0 lb. Sodium % .40 8.0 It. These data show that 8 to 15 tons would be used on an acre of corn and that 6 to 10 tons would be used en an acre of potatoes. Agland Normal Corn Use Litter at 8 ton/acre Nitrogen 130 lbs./acre 136 lbs./acre Phosphate 4-0 lbs./acre 136 lbs./acre Potassium 30 lbs./acre 160 lbs./acre Zinc 3 lbs./acre 6 lbs./acre Sodium 64 lbs./acre • Approximate Cost $52.00/acre $1 + $1 x 8 = $16.00/acre • 9001-80 Also receive increased organic matter and other nutrients beneficial to plants. CURRICULUM VITAE Carey Z,. Quarles 1401 Duff S)rive, Suite 70D Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 Hone: 1605 Miramont Drive Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 (303) 1482-6687 EDUCATION: Date Field of Degree Institution Received Specialization National _Business 1955-57 Business Law B.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1960 Poultry M.S. Penn State University 1-961 Poultry Management Ph.D. Tenn State University 1968 Management and Pathology _POSITIONS HELD: 1982 — Present 1970 — 1973 President and Chief Executive Officer Associate Professor of Avian Science Colorado Quality Research, Inc. Associate Professor of Rood Technology 1401 -Duff Drive, Suite 700 Colorado Stat-e University Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 Tort Collins, Colorado (303) 484-0747 1968 — 1970 President and thief -Executive -Officer Colorado Quality Hackles, Inc. Director of Production Research 1401 Duff Drive, Suite 800 International Director of Customer Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 Services (303) 484-4303 Traveled in 33 Countries Indian liver Breeders 1982 (January-June 1) Lancaster, Pennsylvania Interim -Head, Department of 1966 - 1-968 Animal Sciences Colorado State University Research Associate and Graduate School Tort Rollins, Colorado Penn State University University Tark, Pennsylvania 1973 - 1982 1963 - 1966 Professor ofAvian and Animal Science Assistant Department Head Production and Production Research Head, Avian -Research Indian River Breeders Department of Animal Sciences Lancaster, Pennsylvania Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 900150 PC!_"1,7; S HELD (Cont.): 196. 1963 1945 ._ 1957 Researc% Farms Director Feed Mill Manager, Hatchery Manage Feed Research, Poultry, Swine Firestone Poultry, Inc. and Dairy T routvill-e, Virginia Eshlemia-t Feed Company Lmncaster. Pennsylvania 1951 - 1953 U. S. Navy PRESENT RESEARCH AND CAPABILITIES: Processir and -Carcass Quality — iCarcass quality parameters in chickens and turkeys. — Studies to evaluate grade and yield. I tat up and deboning studies including meat to bonne ratio, skin to meat ratio, body fat, -and fad pad analysis. — Comparisons to body composition by chemical analysis. Coccidiosis Sensitivity Testing - Testing field isolate-s for sensitivity to anticocc.idi-al drugs. - Screening for new anticoccidi.al compounds. Nutrition - Effects of -drugs or other products on performance parameters. - Nutritional stress studies. Pigmentation - Evaluation of -compounds on broiler pigmentation. — Minolta Chroma Meter anc' Color Fan. - Capability of rations -- 0-100 Vt of Zanthophvll levels. _Toxicity - Toxicity _studies in broilers, turkeys, ducks, game -birds and replacement birds. -• Safety studies in all birds. — Residue -studies in all ±cads. — Dose titration studies. 9GO180 Pathology - Clinical pathology. - Histopathology. - Coccidiosis challenge (batteries and floor pens) . Genetics - Yield and carcass quality. - Breed comparison studies. — Line comparison studies. Stress and -Environmental - Nutritional and management factors affecting performance. Tissue -Residue - Tissue residue studies on turkeys, ducks and chic-kens. Hematology — Studies conducted for all hematology determinations. - Blood chemistry. Mold Inhibitor - Effects on _performance of all avian species. - Effects on 'pathology, hematology and histology. Reproduction Reproduction Research - Complete reproduction studies in chickens and turkeys. - A.I. , hatching parameters and pedigree hatching. Field Research - Capability and contacts to conduct swine, rattle and poultry field research studies in the major production areas. General Research - Good Laboratory Practice and INAD studies. - Capability for screening compounds for nutritional, toxicity and pathology parameters. - Good -Laboratory Practice regulations followed. - Capability for mash, crumble and pellet feed. 902190 ' POST RESEARCH ACTIVITIES: — Antimicrobial Resistance Studies in Poultry, Swine and Cattle — Salmonella Shedding Studies in Poultry and Swine — Necrotic Enteritis Infection Studies in Poultry - Swine Dysentery Studies - Safety/Drug Tolerance of Coccidiostats - Loccidial Compound Evaluations - Anti-fungal Trials - Efficiency in Production of Caged _Layers - Clinical Trials in Broilers for Airsacculitis - Control of Disease in -Wild Turkeys - Toxicity Studies in Broiler Breeders - Toxicity Studies in Leghorn Females - Genetic Breed Comparisons - Stress Studies in Broilers - Coccidiosis Challenge Studies in Broilers - Coccidiosis Challenge Studies in Turkeys - Game Bird Toxicity Studies — Ammonia Stress -Studies in thickens and Turkeys -PRESENT CONSULTING: Reviewing R&D Programs: - Broiler Breeders - Coccidiostats - Growth Promotion - -Health Programs in Chickens - Health and -quality Control in Turkeys - Pigmentation in Broilers COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1970-1982: Teaching Undergraduate - AN 307 , Commercial Poultry Business, 11970-1976 Recent Developments, 1975-11982 Graduate - AN 515, Poultry Diseases, 1974-1982 AN 525, Advanced Poultry Management, 1979-_082 90O180 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1970-1985 (Cont.) : Graduate Program, 1970-1985 Year Name Degree Area 1985 john Schwartz Ph.D. Poultry -Business Management 1984 Bill Adrian Ph.D. Game Bird Yatholog 11982 Willie Willis Y Ph.D. Broiler Management 1-982 Lyle Johnston Ph.D. Broiler Management 1980 Getter Huggins Ph.D. Swine Management 1980 Willie Willis -M.S. -Broiler Management 1980 Lyle Johnston M.S. Broilers, Environment 1980 Darby Moeller Ph.D. Beef Management 1980 Don McIntyre M.S. Turkey Physiology 1979 Dave Mowry M.S. Incubation 1978 Dave Sharkey Ph.D. Broilers, Disease 1978 Diane Solomon M.S. Horse Management 1978 Luke Reagan M.S. Breeders, Nutrition 1978 Nathan Moreng M.S. Swine, Disease 1978 Dave Caveny M.S. -Broilers, -Environment 1977 Darby Moeller M.S. Beef Management 1-976 Diane -Pagerberg Ph.D. Animal Microbiology 1976 john Tessari M.S. Game Bird -Biology 197-6 Bev George M.S. Animal Microbiology 11975 Jim Ranson Ph.D. Poultry Management 11975 Dave Sharkey M.S. -Broilers, Disease 11975 Dave Doerr -M.S. Layers, Management — 1974 Nutrition Donna Julseth M.S. Turkeys, Disease 1974 Bill Lower M.S. Poultry Management 1973 Don Hoffman Ph.D. Game Bird Management 1973 Herbert Kling Ph.D. Broilers, Nutrition and Disease MEMBERSHIPS AND ORGANIZATIONS: — World's Veterinary -Poultry Association — Poultry Science Association — World Poultry Science Association — American Society of Animal Science — Phi Sigma Society — Gamma Sigma Delta — Alpha Zeta Fraternity — American Association for the Advancement of Science — National Broiler Microbiology Committee — Sigma Xi — National Genetic Association — American Scientist — American Association of Avian -Pathologists — North American Game Breeders Association — American Registry of Certified Animal Scientists — American Agriculture Consultants — AHC Veterinary Broiler Advisory -Board — Honorary Member, _County Sheriff-s of Colorado 900180 NATIONAL COMMITTEES: — American Hoechst National -Broiler Advisory Council, 1979 - Yresent - Western Regional Research Technical _Committee, Secretary, 1973-1978 - Pacific Egg and _Poultry Association Scientific Advisor, 7 years - Southeastern Poultry Youth Committee, 197_6 11977 - Coordinator of Southeastern Poultry Science Club Activities, 1976-1977 - Advisor to Southeastern Poultry Science _Club, 1976-1977 — National Poultry Sciences Drug and Chemical Committee — Who's Who in _Colorado MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIZATIONS: - Fly Fisherman - Trout Unlimited - Professional Guides of _Colorado - National -Rifle Associati-on - National federation of Fly Tyers - Safari International - North American Hunting flub - National Wild Turkey Federation - Colorado Wild Turkey Federation - Ducks Unlimited 90018 Publications Journals Quarles, C. L. 1961 . Effects of solar teat upon moisture and temperature conditions in a poultry house. Master'-s Thesis, Penn State University, Library, State College, Pennsylvania. Quarles, C. L. 11968. The effect of hydrolyzed animal fat upon growth and carcass quality. Poultry Science 47:1964-1967. Quarl-es, C. L. 1969. Methods of seducing barren -al contamination on hatching eggs. Research Digest, Vol. 7, No. 5. Quarles, C. 7.. , R. -F. Gentry and G. D. -Bressler. 1970. Bacterial contami- nation in -poultry houses and its relationship to egg hatchability. Poultry Science 49:60-66. Sams, J. R. and C. L. Quarles. 1970. Methods of detecting aerobic bacteria in eggs and chi-cks. World's Poultry Science 72:177-179. Quarles, C. L. and H. L. Enos. 1971 . Egg production feasibility study of the Four Corners area of Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. Colorado State University Publication: 1-025. Quarles, C. L. and H. Z. Enos. 1971 . Vaccination -program for thickens in Colarado. Colorado State Univer-sity Extension Bull. 100. Gentry, -R. F. and C. L. Quarles. 11972 . Measurement of bacterial contami- nation on egg shells. Poultry Science 512:930-933. Quarles, C. L. and H. T. Kling. 1973. Effect of three lighting regimes on broil-er -performance. Poultry Science 53:1435-143E. Kling, H. ₹'. and C. L. Quarles. 1973. Effect of atmospheric ammonia stress of infectious bronchitis vaccination on Leghorn-males. Poultry Science 53 :1161-1167 . Quarles, C. L. and H. F. Kling. 1-973. Evaluation of ammonia and infectious bronchitis vaccination stress on broiler performance and -carcass quality. Poultry Science 33:1592-1596. Quarles, C. L. , E. P. Savage, G. R. J. Law and J . D. Tessari. 1973. Reproduction of -quail affected by pesticides. 1973 Journal of Environmental Chemicals. Moeller, -M. W. , C. L. Quarles, B. C. Dilworth, E. J. Day, ii. F. Kling and L. M. Dansky. 1973. She effect of Flavomycin on weight gain and feed efficiency on broiler chicks. Animal Industry Research Conference, Midwest Feed Manufacturer's Association Procedures. 90180 Heinzerling, R. H. , C. F. Nockels and C. L. Quarles. 1973 . High dietary Vitamin E levels increased protection against E. cola in chicks. Poultry Science 52(5):2038-2039. Heinzerling, R. H. , C. F. Nockels, C. L. Quarles and R. P. Tengerdy. 1973. Protection of chicks against E. col_ infection by dietary supplementation with Vitamin E. Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1974. 146:279-283. Hoffman, D. M. and C. T. Quarles. 1974. Gray partridge response to selection. Colorado Fish and Game Publication No. W—R—S-35. Hoffman, D. M. and L. L. Quarles. 1974. Raising gray (Hungarian) partridges. International Game Bird Gazette. February. pp. 30-35. Williams, L. P. , C. L. Quarles, J. A. Ranson, D. R. Julseth and Evelyn Sun. 1974. Antibiotic resistances in thickens. World's Poultry Congress Proceedings. Law, G. R. J., C. T. Quarles, E. P. Savage and J. D. Tessari. 1974. Low level pesticides fed to Japanese quail. World's Poultry Congress Proceedings. Quarles, C. L. , D. R. Julseth and C. F. Nockels. 1974. Protective effect of Vitamin E against M. coli in chicks and turkeys. World'-s Poultry Congress Proceedings. _Moeller, M. W. , C. L. Quarles, H. F. Kling, B. C. Dilworth, E. J. Day, B. L. Damron and R. H. Harms. 1974. Response -of broilers to Flavomycin and 3-Nitro _in feeds containing Amprol Hi-E. Poultry Science 54:920-922. Fagerberg, ID. J., J. S. Avens and Z. L. Quarles. 1974. Filtering air in an experimental chick hatcher. Proceedings — 1CV World's Poultry Congress and Exposition. pp. 357-358. Julseth, D. R. , C. L. Quarles and C. F. Nockels. 1974. Evaluation of Vitamin E on fryer-type turkey performance. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 938. Ranson, J. A, H. F. Kling and C. I. Quarles. 1974 The Effects of environmental temperatures on performance of cage layers. animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 938. Quarles, C. L. , G. -R. 2. Taw, E. P. Savage and J . 1). Tessari. 1974. Effects of low level pesticides on Japanese _quail. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series -938. Quarles, C. T. and H. T. fling. 1974. Ammonia stressand its effect-s on broiler performance. Animal Sciences -Research Highlights. Series 938. Kling, H. F. and C. L. Quarles. 1974. Effect of Flavomycin, 3—Nitro and Amprol Hi—E on weight gain and Teed efficiency of broiler chicks. . Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 938. Nockels, C. -F. , M. Heinzerling and C. L. Merles. 1974. Trotective effect of Vitamin -E against E. coli in chicks. Animal Sciences -Research Highlights. Series 938. 960180 Hoffman, D. M. and C. L. Quarles. 1974 . _ ray partridge response to selection — egg production and hatchability. Animal Sciences Research -Highlights. Series 938. Quarles, C. L. , L. P. Williams, Jr., and H. F. Kling. 1974. Evaluation -of antimicrobials. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 938. Avens, J. S. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1975. Reduction of airborne microorganisms by filtering recycled air in a chick hatcher. Poultry Science 54:479-482. Avens, J. S. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1975. Effect of filter- ing recycled air in a chick hatcher on airborne pathogenic microorganisms. Poultry Science 54:594-599. _Lower, W. C. and C. L. Quarles. 1975. Student enrollment survey of poultry science majors in land grant institutions. Poultry Science 54:955-958. Kling, H. F. , M. W. Moeller, S. _.. Damron, R. H. _Harms, L. L. Quarles, L. M. Potter, W. L. Beane, B. C. Dilworth, E. J. Day and S. A. Edgar. 1975. -Response to Flavomycin and 3—Nitro in broiler chicken diet-s containing Clopidol. Poultry Science 55:694-699. Moeller, M. W. , H. F. Kling, B. C. Dilworth, E. J. IDay, C. L. Quarles, T. L. Damron and R. H. Harms. 1975. Response of broilers to Flavomycin and 3—Nitro in feed containing Monensin. Nutritional Reports Int. 12 :101 . Fagerberg, D. J. , C. L. Quarles, J. A. Ranson and L. 1'. Williams, Jr. 1975. Chick dosage trials with Escherichia coli. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 948. Quarles, C. l. , J. A. Ranson, D. J. Fagerberg and I. T. Migaki. 1973. Ammonia stress and its -effects on coccidiosis of broilers. Animal Science Research Highlights. Series 948. Fagerberg, D. J., J. 5. Avens and C. L. _Quarles. 1975. Reduction of airborne microorganisms by filtering recycled air in an -experimental chick hatcher. -Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 948. Sharkey, D. L., D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1973. Evaluation of filtered hatcher air on broilers. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 948. Avens, J. S. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1975. Reduction of air— Sorne -microorganisms by filtering recycled air in a chick hatcher. Poultry Science 54(2):479-452. Fagerberg, D. J., t. L. Quarles, J. A. Ranson, R. D. Williams, L. P. Williams, Jr. , C. B. Hancock and S. Z. Seaman. 1976. Experimental procedure for testing the effects of low level antibiotic feeding and therapeutic treatment on Salmonella typhimurium var. Copenhagen infection in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 55:1845-1857. 900180 -Fagerberg, D. J. , C. L. Quarles, B. A. George and 7. M. Fenton. 1976. IG.V.-11 as a mold inhibitor in broiler feed. Animal Sciences -Research Highlights. Series 960. 7ackson, D. W. , D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles, H. L. Enos, B. A. George end J. M. Fenton. 1976. Evaluation of Agrocide for turkey egg dipping. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 960. George, B. A. , D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and J. M. Fenton. 1976. Compromise of disease therapy trials conducted to determine the dangers from feeding low level antibiotics. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series 960. George, S. A. , D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and J. M. Fenton. 1976. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of Vibra-Vet, Aureomycin and Linco- Spectin in young chickens. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series -960. Sharkey, D. L. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. -Fagerberg. 1976. Evaluation of -F4C-60 on broiler performance. Animal Sciences Research Highlights. Series -950. Moeller, M. W. , P. E. Waibel, C. L. Quarles, H. F. Kling, P. W. Waldroup, L. M. Potter endT. W. Sullivan. 1976. Response of turkeys to graded levels of bambermycins. Poultry Science 55:1166-1168. Rollins, L. D., L. L. Quarles and L. P. Williams. 1976. Antibiotics in animal feeds research since FDA Task Force Report. J. Am. Vet. Me. 169(10):1128. Fagerberg, P. 7., C. L. Quarles, B. A. George, J. M. Fenton, L. D. Rollins, 1. P. Williams and C. B. Hancock. 1977. Effect of low level chlortetracycline on subsequent therapy of Escherichia coli infection in chickens. 7. An. Sci. 46:1397-1412. George, S. A. , ID. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and J. M. Fenton. 1977. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of Doxycycline, _Chlortetracycline and Lincomycin-pectinomycin on E. coli infection of young chickens. -Poultry Science 56:452-458. Starkey, D. L. , C. I. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1977. Evaluation of filtered air hatching on broiler performance. Poultry Science 56:1092-1097. Quarles, C. L. , D. ,T. Fagerberg and G. A. -Greathouse. 1977. Effect of low level feeding chlortetracycline on subsequent therapy of chicks infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Poultry Science 56:1674-1675. Kling, H. F. , R. J. Grant, M. W. Moeller, R. H. Harms, B. L. Damron, C. L. Quarles, B. C. Dilworth and E. J. Day. 1977. Response of broilers to diets containing bambermycins, roxarsone and zoalene. Poultry Science 56(3):E54-858. Grant, R. J. , P. E. Waibel and C. L. Quarles. 1978. Effect of bamber- mycins on turkey performance. Southern Association of Agriculture Scienti-sts (Poultry Science) . 900180 Quarles, C. L. , B. A. George, Robert Grant and H. L. Enos. 1978. Effect of bambermycins on turkey -performance. Research Highlights. Series 970:1-3. Fagerberg, D. J. , B. A. George and C. L. Quarles. The study of mold -development and antifungals in feed. Research Highlights. Series 970:4-5. Quarles, C. L. and D. J. Fagerberg. 1979. Evaluation of ammonia stress and coccidiosis in broiler performance. Poultry Science 58:465-468. Grant, R. J. , P. E. Waibel, T. W. Sullivan and C. L. Quarles. 1979. Effects of graded levels of bambermycins on turkey growth performance. Poultry Science 58:1397-1399. Quarles, C. L. and D. D. Caveny. 1979. Effects of air contaminants on performance and quality -of broilers. Poultry Science 58:543-548. Quarles, C. L. , D. L. Sharkey, D. J. Fagerberg and W. J. Stadelman. 1980. Evaluation of an organic iron compound (F4C-60) in broiler diets. Poultry Science 59:664-665. Mowry, D. J., D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1980. Effect of hatcher logging on hatcher airborne bacteria and broiler perrformance. Poultry Science 59:714-718. Moreng, N. T. , C. L. Quarles, D. J. Fagerberg and D. J. Moeller. 1980. Pathogenesis and lesions of swine dysentery induced by artificial methods in -early weaned pigs. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician, pp. 1841-1844 . McKinley, G. A., D. J. Fagerberg, IC. L. Quarles, B. A. George, D. E. Wagner and L. D. Rollins. 1980. _Incidence of salmonellae in fecal samples or production swine and swine at slaughter plants in the U.S. in 1978. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 40:562-566. Willis, W. L., C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1980. Zeolites fed to male broiler chickens. Poultry Science 59(7):1673-1674. Nakaue, H. S ., J. 11. Cain and C. 1.. Quarles. 1980. Poultry environment -quality and production. Western Eegional -Res. Project W-136 Bulletin pp. 20-21. Huggins, G. , R. W. Lewis and C. L. Quarles. Effect of weaning age and mil-k source on performance of neonatal pigs. -Fort Valley State -College Division of Agriculture Research Bulletin, Volume 2, 1980-81. Huggins, G., R. W. Levis and C. L. Quarles. Effect of weaning age and iron supplementation method of growth and hematology of pigs. Fort Valley State College Division -0f Agriculture -Research Bulletin, Volume 2, 1980-81. Johnston, N. 1.. , C. L. Quarles, D. J. Fagerberg and D. D. Caveny. 1981 . Evaluation of Yucca saponin on broiler performance and -ammonia suppression. -Poultry Science 60:2289-2292 . Caveny, D. D. , C. 1.. Quarles and G. A. Greathouse. 1981 . Atmospheric ammonia and broiler cockeral performance. Poultry Science 60:513-516. 900180 Ford, A. M. , D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles, B. A. George and G. A. McKinley. 1981 . Influence of salinomycin on incidence, shedding and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected broiler chickens. Poultry Science 60:2241-2253. Johnston, N. L., C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1981. Broiler performance with DSS40 yucca saponin in combination with monensin. Poultry Science 61(6)1052-1054. Dilworth, B. C. , E. J. Day, R. J. Grant, J. A. Allen, J. D. Garlich and C. L. Quarles. 1981 . Bambermycins in the diet of cage hens: meeting. Poultry Science 60:1599-1600. McIntyre, D. R. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1982. Turkey hen reproductive performance as affected by initial insemination and onset of egg production. Poultry Science 61(8):1734-1737. George, B. A., D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles, J. M. _Fenton and G. A. McKinley. 1982. Effect of bambermycins on quantity, prevalence, duration and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected broiler chickens. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 43:299-304. -Willis, W. L. , C. L. Quarles, D. J. Fagerberg and J. V. Schutze. 1982. Evaluation of zeolites fed to male broiler chickens. Poultry Science £1(3):438-442 . George, B. A. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1982. Virginiamycin effects on controlling necrotic enteritis infection in chickens. Poultry Science 61(3):447-450. George, B. A. , A. M. Ford, D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1982 . Influence of Salinomycin on antimicrobial resistance of coliforms and streptococci from broiler chickens. Poultry Science 61(9):1842-1852. Stabler, S. Z., D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1982. Effects of oral and injectible tetracyclines on bacterial drug resistance in feedlot cattle. American Journal Veterinary Research 43(10):1763-1766. _Fagerberg, D. J., C. L. Quarles, B. Molitoris, B. A. George, I. D. Rollins and D. W. -Wagner. 1982. Salmonella incidence and antimicrobial resistance 1n fecal and feed samples of production broilers, beef cattle and swine at slaughter plants in the United States in 1981 and a four year summary. Submitted. Johnston, N. L. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1982. Long-term broiler performance with bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone. Poultry Science 62(7):1189-1194. Waldroup, P. W. , G. K. Spencer, P. E. Waibel, L. L. Quarles and R. J. Grant. 1985. The use of bambermycins (Flavomycin) and halofuginone (Stenerol) in diets for growing turkeys. _Poultry Science 64:1296-1301 . Sofos, J. N., D. J. Fagerberg and L. L. Quarles. 1985. Effects of sorbic acid feed fungistat on the intestinal microflora of floor reared broiler chickens. Poultry Science -64:832-840. 9UO180 Molitoris, E. , D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and M. 1. Krichevsky. 1985. Field studies on feed additives and antimicrobial resistance in coliforms from pigs, cattle, and broilers. Submitted. McDougald, L. R. , G. F. Mathis, J. H. Schwartz, C. L. Quarles, T. Kennedy and R. J. Grant. 1986. Anticoccidial efficacy of halofuginone in turkeys eared to market weight. Poultry Science 65:1664-1770. Molitoris, E ., D. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and M. I. Krichevsky. 1986. Field studies on tylosin and antimicrobial resistance in fecal streptococci from pigs, cattle and broilers. Submitted. Molitoris, E. , M. I. Krichevsky, D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1986. Effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of porcine faecal streptococcaceae. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 60:111-120. Molitoris, E., M. I. Krichevsky, D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1986. Application of a diversity index to porcine fecal bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. Microbial Ecology. Molitoris, E. , M. I. Krichevsky, D. J. Fagerberg and C. L. Quarles. 1986. Effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of broiler faecal streptococcaceae. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 60:185-193. Militoris, E., 11. J. Fagerberg, C. L. Quarles and M. I. Krichevsky. 1987. Field studies in antimicrobial resistance in fecal bacteria associated -with pig transit and holding times at slaughter plant. Appl. E nvir. : 33(6)1307-1310. Davis, P. H. , L. R. McDougald, C. Z. Quarles and H. F. Kling. Evaluation of various coccidiostat programs on broiler chickens in floor pens. Meeting Abstract. J. Am. Vet. Me. 190(12)1626. Willis, W. L. , M. D. 0uart and C. L. Quarles. 1987. Effect 9f an evaporative cooling and dust control system on rearing environment and performance of male broiler chickens. Poultry Science 66:1590-1593 . 9G01e9 Abstracts Gentry, R. F. and C. L. Quarles. 1967 . The measurement of bacterial contamination on egg shells. Poultry Science 46:1263. Quarles, C. L. , G. 0. Bressler and R. F. Gentry. 1968. Bacterial contami— nation and performance of Leghorn breeders on sloping wire versus litter floors. Poultry Science 47:1709. Quarles, C. L. , T. W. Burr, J. H. MacNeil and G. 0. Bressler. 1968. Effects of varying levels of hydrolized animal and vegetable fat upon growth and carcass characteristics of broilers. Poultry Science 47 :1764. Quarles, C. L. and K. S. Lewis. 1969. Methods of reducing bacterial contamination of egg shells. Poultry Science 48:1172. Quarles, C. L. 1969. Methods of reducing bacterial contamination of broiler hatching eggs. 38th Annual Meeting of Poultry Science, Fort Collins, Colorado. Quarles, C. L. and K. S. Lewis. 1969. Methods of reducing bacteria xontamination of broiler hatching eggs. Poultry Science 48:1860. Quarles, C. L. 1970. Detecting aerobic bacteria in eggs, pips, and cull chickens. World Poultry Congress, Madrid, Spain. Quarles, C. L. and H. E. Kling. 1973. Broiler performance as affected by ammonia and bronchitis vaccination stress. Poultry Science 52:2077. _Cling, H. F. and -C. L. Quarles. 1973. Effect of atmospheric ammonia and infectious bronchitis vaccination stress on Leghorn males. Poultry Science 32:2049. Quarles, C. L. , E. P. Savage, G. R. J. Law and J . D. Tessari. 1973. Effects on reproduction in quail from low levels of pesticides. National Conference -on Environmental Chemicals. Heinzerling, R. H. , C. F. Nockels and C. L. Quarles. 1973. -Evaluation of Vitamin E. and E. coli 1973 Poultry Science Assn. Procedures, Brookings, South Dakota. Ranson, J. A. , C. L. Quarles and H. F. Kling. 1974. Effects of two environmental temperatures on performance of cage layers. Poultry Science 53:1970. Law, -G. R. J. , C. L. Quarles, E. P. Savage and J. D. Tessari. 1974. Low level pesticides fed to Japanese quail for three generations. 87th Annual :Research Conference. Tessari, J. D. , E. P. Savage, C. L. Quarles and G. R. J. Law. 1974. Low level pesticides in Japanese quail. 87th Annual Research Conference. Julseth, Donna and Carey Quarles. 1974. Evaluation of Vitamin E and idisease stress on fryer—type tur-key performance. 87th Annual -Research Conference. 960180 Nockels, C. F. , R. H. Heinzerling and C. L. Quarles. 1974. Protective effects of high levels of Vitamin E against E. coli infection in chicks. 337th Annual Research Conference. Williams, L. P. and C. L. Quarles. 1974. Antibiotic resistance 3n chickens. -87th Annual Research Conference. Kling, H. F. and C. L. Quarles. 1975. Atmospheric ammonia and stress in chickens. Virology Abstracts, Vol. 8. Quarles, C. L. , D. -R. Julseth and C. F. Nockels. 1975. Protective effect of Vitamin E against E. cola in chicks and turkeys. World's Poultry Congress, 1974. Williams, L. P. , Ur., C. L. Quarles, L. J. Driggers, J. A. Ranson, D. R. Julseth and E. J. Sun. 1975. The relationship of -antibiotic feeding to the development of antibiotic resistance in enteric organisms in chickens — A controlled trial. World's Poultry Congress, 1974. Law, G. R. J. , C. 1,. Quarles, E. P. Savage and J. D. Tessari. 1975. Low level pesticides fed to Japaneses quail for two generations. World's Poultry Congress, 1974 . Quarles, C. L. , D. J. Fagerberg, J. A. Ranson, L. P. Williams, Jr. 1975. Chick model for evaluating antibiotics. Poultry Science 54(5):1807. Fagerberg, D. J., C. L. Quarles, J. A. Ranson and L. P. Williams, Jr. 1975. Chick dosage trials with E. coli. Poultry Science Assn. Annual Meeting. --- Doerr, D. C. , G. R. J. Law and C. L. -Quarles. 1975. Effects of two environ— m ental temperatures on performance of cage layers. -Poultry Science 54:1734. -Cling, H. F. and C. L. Quarles. 1975. Effect of atmospheric ammonia and the stress of infectious -bronchitis vaccination of Leghorn males. Virology Abstracts, Vol. 8. Sharkey, D. L. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1975. -Evaluation of filtered hatcher air on broilers. Poultry Science 54(5):1815. !Quarles, C. L. , J. A. Ranson, D. J. Fagerberg and T. T. Migaki. 1x975. Relationship of atmospheric ammonia and coccidiosis infection in broilers. Poultry Science 34(5):1807. Fagerberg, D. J., C. L. Quarles and J. 72. Ranson. 1975. Chick dosage trials with Escherichia col-. Poultry Science 34(5):1760. Rollins, I. D. , C. L. Quarles and L. P. Williams, Jr. 1976. Summary of antibiotic resistant research. AVMA, Columbus, -Ohio. Moeller, M. W. , P. E. Wai-bel, C. L. Quarles, H. F. Kling, P. W. Waldroup, Z. M. Potter and T. W. Sullivan. 1976. Response of turkeys fed graded levels of bambermycins. Poultry Science 55:1601 . 200180 .,yens, J. S. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. Reduction of airborne inicroorganishis by filtering recycled air in a chick het^her. Microbiology Abstracts. 1081 4439. -Avens, J. S. , C. 1.. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1977 . Effect of filccrir.g recycled air in E chick hatcher on airborne pathogenic microorganisms. Microbiology Abstracts. 10B1 4440. Caveny, D. D. and C. L. Quarles. 1978. The effect of atmospheric avgmnoia stress ov broiler performance and carcass quality. Poultry Science 5:;4)1.124 . Quarles, C. 1,. , D. D. Lavery and H. F. Kling. 19/8 . Effect of cttasphcr'c ammonia and stress on broiler males. Poultry Science 37(» :7181 . Grant, R. J. , P. E. Waibel, T. W. Sullivan and C. 1.. Quarlc . 1979. EffeLL of graded levels of bambermycins on turkey growth performance: _fleeting. Poultry Science 38(4):1014. Johnston, N. L. , C. 1,. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1980. Evaluation of DSS40 Yucca Saponin on broiler performance. Poultry _Science 59(7):1625 McIntyre, D. R. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1980. Initial insemi- nation time in turkey hens. Poultry Science 59(7):1637. Willis, W. L. , C. L. Quarles and D. J. Fagerberg. 1980. Zeolites fed to male broiler chickens. Presented at annual Poultry Science Assn. Meeting. Quarles, C. L. , C. F. Strong, B. A. George and J . V. Shutze. 1-981 . -Effects of differing amounts of protein during the growing period on body weight, skeletal development and subsequent egg production of SCWL pullets : meeting. Poultry Science 60:1715. Quarles, C. 1,. and D. D. Caveny. 1979. -Effect of air contaminants on performance and quality of broilers. Poultry Science 38(3):543-548. Untawale, B. G. , J. J. Hanson, J. R. Harris, R. D. Davis, C. 1,. Quarles and R. H. Harms. 1983. Effect of Lincomvtin on performance of broilers -when fed in combination with Lasalocid plus Roxarsone: meeting. -Poultry Science 62(7):1368. Untawale, G. G. , R. J. Grant, L. J. -Hanson, J. R. Harris, R. R. Davds and C. L. Quarles. 1982. -Effect of bambermycins on _performance 9f broilers when fed it combination with lasalotid plus roxarsone: meeting. Poultry Science 61(7):1399. Grant, R. J. , C. L. Quarles, D. J. Fagerberg, L. R. McDougald and J. D. Garlich. Response of broilers to bambermytins and roxarsone combined in feeds containing halofuginone. -Poultry Science Association Meeting 1985. Twining, P. V. Jr., C. L. Quarles, -T. H. Schwartz and D. L. Gilbert. 1985. The evaluation of the Minolta Chroma Meter for reading shank pigmentation of live broilers. Southeastern Poultry Association. SQC18O Grant, R. J. , C. L. Quarles, B. L. Damron, B. C. Dilworth, E. J. Day and R. Roth. 1986. Response of broilers to virginiamycin and roxarsone combined in feeds containing halofuginone . Southeastern Poultry Association. Grant, 1 . J ., L. R. McDougald, C. L. Quarles and R. P. Roth. The effect �f bambecmycin (flavomycin) on broiler growth and feed efficiency. -Poultry Science 65, Supp. 1, p.50. Sims, M. D. , D. L. Gilbert, S. E. Cheng, B. C. Clark, C. L. Quarles, J. A. Capasso, K. L. Puffenbar$er and T. W. Maupin. 1988 . A comparison of the anticoccidial activities of salinomycin, maduramicin, narasin, and narasin plus nicarbazin in broiler chickens in floor pens. Southeastern Poultry Association. Ammerman, E. , C. L. Quarles, P. Twining and R. Spights. The effects of neosugar on performance on stress broilers. Southeastern -Poultry Assn. -Meeting, 1988. Ammerman, E. , C. L. Quarles and p. Twining. Broiler response to the addition of dietary fructooligosaccharides. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, July, 1988. 900180 Presentations Cont. Effect of Virginiamycin in Birds Under Stress Conditions. Presented at 1984 SmithKline Nutrient Utilization Conference, Downingtown, Pennsylvania. Effects of Stress on Carcass Quality. Colorado State University International Meeting on poultry, Denver, Colorado, 1987. Comparison of Two Anti-biotics on Production Characteristics of Poultry in a Turkey Model. SmithKline 1pacesetter, Southeastern Poultry Assn. , Atlanta, Georgia, 1988. Effects of Virginiamycin an Carcass Yield Darameters. SmithKline Pace- setter, -Southeastern Poultry Assn. , Atlanta, Georgia, 1987. Effect of Two Antibiotics on Broiler Performance and Carcass Quality. Hoechst Roussel Agri-Vet Annual Meeting, -Hot Springs, Arkansas, 1988. Evaluation of Shuttle Program for Market Turkey. Hoechst Roussel Agri- Vet Annual Meeting, Pine Hurst, North Carolina, 1987. Popular Articles Quarles, C. L. and D. D. Caveny. How you'll do business in 1985. EBroiler Industry, July, 1976, pp. 34-36. Quarles, C. L. Ammonia in the broiler house. Practicing Nutrition. 1975. Quarles, C. L. A look at mew drug-s and future trends. Broiler Industry cover story. January, 1977, pp. 24-3D. Quarles, C. L. Ze-olites - New Feed Ingredient. Feedstuffs, October 7, 1985. Quarles, C. Z. Stress has a great effect on carcass quality. 1988. Misset International Poultry. December, 1987, January, 1988, pp. 38. Invited Papers Fagerberg, D. J. , C. L. Quarles and G. A. McKinley. Antibiotic resistance and its transfer. Feed Management. Fagerberg, D. J. and C. L. Quarles. What is antibiotic resistance? American Association of Swine Practitioners, 1979. Quarles, D. L. Air contaminants and quality of broiler -chicks. Poultry Science Assn. -Meeting, Clemson, -South Carolina, 1978. 900180 Manuals Quarles, C. L. , D. J.. Fagerberg and L. P. Williams, Jr. 1975. Relationship of low and therapeutic level antibiotics fed to chickens. Vol. 1 — E. cola — 207 pp; Vol. 2 — Salmonella — 289 pp. Quarles, C. L. 1975. Quality Control Techniques. Colorado State University Manual, 200 pp. Hoffman, D. M. , C. L. Quarles, L. A. Webster and L. R. Crooks. 1974. Experimental Propagation of Gray Partridges. Special Report Number 35, December, 1974. 26 pp. Books Quarles, C. L. 1968. Broiler Breeder Management and Disease Control. Pioneer Press, Des Moines, Iowa. 230 pp. Fagerberg, D. J. and C. L. Quarles. 1979 . Antibiotic Feeding, Anti- biotic Resistance, and Alternatives. Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Presentations Microbiological and Performance Evaluations from Antibiotic Feedings to Chickens. American Society of Animal Science Symposium of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds, Texas A & M, August, 1976 . Pacific Egg and Poultry Association summer meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Presentation on recent research. July, 1976. Report on coccidiosis to IMC Chemical Group, Inc., Terre Haute, Indiana. Anti—mold compounds. Naremco, Inc. International Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, January, 1977. Symposium — American Society Animal Science, 1976. Presentation — Japanese poultry industry, 1978. Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, 1977 and 1978. FDA Research Committee, 1974. American Association of Swine Practitioners, 1979. National Broiler Council Meeting, 1979. National Wild Turkey Meeting, 1982. "Technology in Animal Agriculture for Investment Strategists," Poultry Industry in the 1940' s, 1950' s, 1960' s, 1970' s and 1980's. Presented at 1985 Colorado State University International Meeting. 900180 PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION M. D. (Mo) SALMAN CREDENTIALS: 1985 Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine. 1983 Ph.D. University of California-Davis, California, Comparative Pathology/Quantitative Epidemiology 1980 M.S. University of California-Davis, California, Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 1973 BVM&S University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, DATE OF APPOINTMENT: Associate Professor. July 1988 - Present: Department of Environmental Health and Department of Clinical Sciences (Joint Appointment), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Assistant Professor. August 1984 - June 1988: See the above. RESEARCH INTEREST: Analytical Epidemiology, Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases, Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology of Food Producing Animal Diseases. TEACHING: VM 740: Population Medicine (5 semester credits), 1984-present. VM 786A: Junior Clinical Rotation (10 semester credits), 1984-present. EH 332: Introduction to Epidemiology (3 semester credits), 1984-present. EH 532: Epidemiological methods (1 semester credit), 1984-present. EH 533: Zoonoses and Community Medicine (3 semester credits), 1984-present. VS/EH 662: Applied Research: Planning, Design, and Analysis (3 semester credits), 1987- present. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES: Principal Investigator. "Training program in veterinary medicine-reproductive diseases for four Egyptian veterinarians." Program funded by USA-AID, 24,000. 1989. Principal Investigator. "Epidemiology of Vesicular Stomatitis in the endemic region in Mexico", 1987-1990. Project funded by a contract with USDA-APHIS and funds from the Experiment Station, $48,000. Principal Investigator. "Factor Associated with Morbidity, Mortality, and Performance in Colorado Beef Calves", 1989-1990. Project funded by the Experiment Station, $23,400. Principle Investigator. "The effect of dairy heifer morbidity on first lactation health and productivity", 1989-1990. Project funded by Anna Lee White Fund for Bovine Research, $22,000. Co-Investigator. "The Sero-epidemiological survey of Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep for Chlamydiosis and Toxoplasmosis", 1989-1991. Project funded by the US-Department of Defence. Co-Investigator. "Epidemiologic Survey of Potomac Horse Fever in Colorado", 1989-1990. Project funded by the Experiment Station. Co-Investigator. "The Sero-epidemiologic Survey of Lyme disease among large and small animals submitted to CSU-Veterinary Teaching Hospital", 1989-1990. Project funded by the Experiment Station. Co-Investigator. "Validation of predictive models to assess the need for surgery and make prognosis in equine colic cases", 1989-1990. Funded by Morris Animal Foundation, 1987. 900180 Co-Investigator. Trichomoniasis fetus among culled bulls in the state of Colorado (prevalence study). Project funded by the Colorado State Department of Agriculture, 1988-1989. RECENT PUBLICATIONS: Salman M.D.,Dargatz D.A., Kimberling C.V.,Reif J.S., Hopper G.E.:Rates of diseases and their associated costs in two Colorado sheep feedlot, 1986-1987. JAVMA (193):1518-1523, 1988. Reeves M.J., Curtis C.R., Salman M.D., Hilbert B.J.: Prognosis in equine colic patients using multivariable analysis. Can. J Vet. Res. (53):87-94, 1989. Curtis C.R., Mauritsen R.H., Salman M.D., Erb H.N.: The enigma of herd: A comparison of different models to account for group effects in multiple logistic regression analysis. Fifth ISVEE Symposium Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-29 July, 1988. ACTA VET SCAN:462-465 Salman M.D., Curtis C.R., Wittum T.E., Odde K.G.: Association of management practices with disease incidence rates in Colorado beef herds. Fifth ISVEE Symposium. Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-29 July, 1988. ACTA VET SCAN:221-224 Curtis C.R., Salman M.D., Strickland D., Edmonston B., Erb, H.N.: Path analysis using logistic regression: Interpretational and methodologic issues. Fifth ISVEE Symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-29 July, 1988. ACTA VET SCAN:469-472 Alexander B.H., Macvean D.W., Salman M.D.: Risk Factors for Lower Respiratory Disease in A feedlot Cattle Cohort. JAVMA (195):207-211, 1989. Salman M.D., King M.E., Wittum T.E., Curtis C.R., Odde K.G., Mortimer R.G.: The National Animal Health Monitoring System in Colorado Beef Herds: Disease rates and their associated costs. In press Prey. Vet. Med. Wittum TE, Salman M.D. Curtis C.R., King M.E., Odde K.G., Mortimer R.G.: The National Animal Health Monitoring System for Colorado Beef Herds: Management practices and their association with disease rates. In press Prey. Vet. Med. Curtis C.R., Mauritsen R.H., Salman M.D: Comparison of ordinary versus random effects multiple logistic regression models for analyzing herd-level data. In Press Prey. Vet. Med. Mortimer R.G.,Salman M.D.,Gutierrez M.,Olson J.D.:Androgenizing Heifers with testosterone- containing ear implants in dairy cattle. In Press J. Dairy Sciences. Salman, M.D., Hernandez, J.: A Seroepidemiologic Study of 5 Bovine Diseases in Dairy Farms of the Coastal region of Baja California, Mexico. In Press Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 900180 A WAlT POULTRY PUBLICATION • It ! 4... +§ a. . "" fly'. �J 1 s a p. — Y I ' ER R �s ,. .k';j, r ,,'' sx '1 .'" re'` . ' 3; nq +.v k ry x ;4;154;2 �m ,. . ''" ?�' :' n5` Jti xt ads '¢� •. .Po 1-1O11" .. I *-:.11f.'"144'; A � ':',ii. gyp' K i ,- N 4.,q } A , .. • . gqq K � ,q I. ',it (� r Y n�'�'` fy�. Kr �4,4..3.4,,3;' a .L. .b j fit ". °S� '* 'i � i. a t( r. " " kPxD F - la R� r t i ` p �L' �ft5.i" 'ox .. e ,,, . Y 7 r j r ; t t . °& f µx s J �' Y ff.'s axy^x l:; - ✓ -;n € .. f nrr' . 6$�;: - a sr S .. - i O.5.,,-,;:.,to 'r: is .(...,,,v-,,,'.!.-.7 %,::,°;,3/4,0, 2 .7 5' .v S�i� !};` f .Yj' •ff r� ;: 11 '� 'x'4 r 4 ,. 'tf' wi � t Y n k '7,;:, ds,. ''-V' < { �` f, f�ibaa;;.1:,„...;i f F .n+ . y 3�e- d._.-' i s-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,k,3 .. z.^4•- s _ _ l r"r:'," • j r. ' 'fir £M r ,M r:L ....4,;.','L x • .g 4.4„..„4 .,..t ..... . ._,` csis• y ` "a.?'L.`w w,«„+" +. ..fit `£ri 4``-4-f� ig ' t€t�?3' y ' . Ew I ells vATT ) xx� ,,, x yQppi ` f' .M'F" xa w • i kt,5 d�d 4 ;' xf 4 YY 'ri_ a`v+ t 4:4Hri-I - ✓.. r{'.S �- r `> �` . h �S,y .r .a 4' �z J"1`Y 'rte Xrt� ($ R{1(; p ER ATIQN&t A TBLLUN {' ��1�O RYi�P +tl eµN3�• tY 2 K j�{ '#"GeY T,pl T t F ��l e r ��F5 F p 444 fig. x,'";tit, x v JANUARY31 " FEBRUARY 2 V. k....y,!:".:.,\,,, ' th ATLANTA`,f GEORGIA; USA ,\ j J `YOUR GUIDE,TO HE LARGEST`ANI IAL POULTRY CONVENTION Don't overtook mE n •••• I. snL ` J.61- . ;1 X14(O4O . zl) the obvious. —' The Dupps Co.will feature a full line of render- (718)728-0909 °""wry°-.v"'--`2 7yv ing equipment for the poultry industry. TLX: 429162 '� "" d' ri3` , Rr Booth 1816 FAX: Rubber(718) 2 in 7198 types :ft.vC Durum Rubbe Fingers.fit all of pickers Dura-Buket being used today-Theyre available in seven • I 1515 H Avenue, NE different hardnesses,with a marketing organisa- tion that's ready to serveyou at any time. - • rI Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 I P + See ad on page 67 • .1 (319) 364-9161 Circle No.556 on Inquiry Card . y TLX: 464-440 FAX: (319) 364-0764 Booth 4730 kelp the Durvet, Inc. These are areas of the United States needed Booth 3329 24010 Highway 40 East where broilers are processed. Duraco Industrial Products, Inc. P.O. Box 279 The obvious location for a 1857 Calvin Drive Blue Springs, MO 64015 P.O. Box 766 (816)229-9101 federally-inspected plant has n been overlooked...Colorado. i Hopkinsville, KY 42240 FAX: (816) 224-3080 (502) 887-6600 The Duramedic stainless steel liquid medicator Colorado is obvious for good reasons: (800) 626-9214 is designed to meet the rigorous demands of FAX: (502) 887-6637 today's poultryman.The Duramedic offers these • Location...its central location important features: rugged stainless steel con- provides plant sites with fast access ur Duraco's booth features a new line of red feeder stria:non for maximum durability; large 7 I/2- p lids, designed to attract chickens to the feeder. gallon capacity:and no moving arts to wear out to new or existing markets,enabling These high-quality feeder lids are rectangular, p Y p people or replace. In addition, we also feature a corn- fresher product to be delivered to the so they fit between automatic feeder pans.Their fustries, design ensures durability, piece line of poultry health and related products. western U.S. d health yet allows ease of han- dling in the tightest of quarters. The company •Transportation...asoneofthe ng man- Booth 3215 - also ott rs Pakster half door and standard major distribution hubs of the U.S.,it 'tent are poultry coops egg baskets,plastic egg flats Dutton-Lainson Company has established interstate,air and rail and feeder lids. 1601 West 2nd Street . j systems. P.O.Box 729 i Booth 2136 Hastings,NE 68902 • Labor Pool...through existing Duracool Roofing (402)462-4141 job-training programs and incentives, Systems Division The verdict is in. In the case for quality, D-L it can provide companies with a )' winches continue to win. Conclusive evidence customized employee base. 1665 Little Willeo Road proves D-L winches manufactured by the Dutton- Marietta, GA 30068 Lainson Company are the highest quality in the • Land Acquisition...land costs (404) 998-4755 poultry market today.D-L's commitment to qual- have decreased in recent years. ity assures a continual improvement of manufac- • ($00) 232-9606 turing machinery and techniques,giving you more • Climate...its climate provides FAX: (404) 977-8205 lift,more cable capacity.Choose quality.Choose mild conditions throughout the year t Duracool is a white elastomeric roof coating the D-L winch. oath the exception of ski country. designed to reflect heat, reduce house tempera- See ad on page 202 t quality tore, and extend building life by stopping roof Circle No.380 on Inquiry Card ,_, j •Taxation...food manufacturers mineral es. Visit profit from favorable tax incentives. ation on y ich meet 1` na • DISeaSe...loW humidity and you with ,"° t'J „ �' iX' ..�{ - wide open spaces make for minimal incidence of avian diseases. d ¢ Colorado. �`• - � r A Place for Poultry. For information on locating a k24 corrosion. Stop by and see pictures of installa- \ poultry growing or processing facility [ions and feel the difference Duracool makes on in a specific area of Colorado,contact: sample panels. See ad on page 220 Colorado Department of Circle No.379 on Inquiry Card Local Affairs (303)866.2205 Booth 1060 at, FAX:(303)866-2251 Duram Rubber Company t 1313 Sherman Street,Room 518 35-11 9th Street Booth 461 Denver,Colorado 80203 P.O. Box 6072 Long Island City, NY 11106 ,_ E. Nechmad, Ltd. sw Us at Southeastern Booth date-crwn Hall Circle No.188 on Inquiry Card ;0 1990 IPTSo 1990 185 Hello