HomeMy WebLinkAbout901345.tiff RESOLUTION
RE: APPROVE AMENDED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION - TIRE MOUNTAIN,
INCORPORATED
WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners o£ Weld County,
Colorado, pursuant to Colorado statute and the Weld County Home
Rule Charter, is vested with the authority of administering the
affairs of Weld County, Colorado, and
WHEREAS, on the 3rd day of October, 1990 , a public_ hearing
was held in the Chambers of the Board of County Commissioners of
Weld County, Colorado, for the purpose of considering whether to
grant an Amended Certificate of Designation to Tire Mountain,
Incorporated, 12311 Weld County Road 41 , Hudson, Colorado 80642 ,
said site to be located on the following described property:
Part of the SE} of Section 32 , Township 3
North, Range 65 West o£ the 6th P.M. , Weld
County, Colorado
WHEREAS, said applicant was represented by Ken Lind,
Attorney, and
WHEREAS , this request for an Amended Certificate of
Designation was submitted in conjunction with a request for an
Amended Site Specific Development Plan and a Special Review Permit
for a tire landfill, storage, and recycling facility which was
approved by the Board, and
WHEREAS, Section 32-20-104 , C.R.S . , as amended, requires the
Board to take into account certain factors to approve a
Certificate of Designation and, having taken into account said
factors , finds as follows:
1 . The Conditions of Approval and stated Standards included
in Amended USR-842 will minimize the impacts on the
surrounding property and the area to the greatest extent
possible. The Conditions of Approval and stated
Standards will also provide adequate protection of the
health, safety, and welfare of the inhabitants of the
area and the County.
2. . The location of the proposed solid waste disposal site
will be convenient and accessible to the potential
users .
901345
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Page 2
RE: AMENDED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION - TIRE MOUNTAIN, INC.
3 . The applicant has demonstrated through the application
materials that they have the ability to comply with the
health standards and operating procedures of the Solid
Waste Disposal Site and Facilities Act, Title 30-20,
Part 1 , C.R.S. , 1973.
4 . The Colorado Department of Health and the Weld County
Health Department have reviewed this request and find,
subject to the Conditions , that the proposal will comply
with the Standards of the Solid Waste Disposal Sites and
Facilities Act, Title 30-20-101 et seq. , C.R.S. , and
with the regulations promulgated thereunder, 6 CCR
1007-2 known as the Regulations Pertaining to Solid
Waste Disposal Sites and Facilities.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of County
Commissioners of Weld County, Colorado, that the Amended
Certificate of Designation for Tire Mountain, Incorporated, 12311
Weld County Road 41 , Hudson, Colorado 80642 , on the hereinabove
described real property be, and hereby is, granted subject to the
following conditions:.
1 . The property shall be maintained in compliance with
Amended USR-842 submitted application materials on file
with the Department of Planning Services, and all
requirements of the Weld County Health Department and
the Colorado Department of Health.
The above and foregoing Resolution was, on motion duly made
and seconded, adopted by the following vote on the 3rd day of
October, A.D. , 1990.
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
ATTEST P ! WELD NTY, CO DO
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Weld County Clerk to the Board ene R. Bran er, Chairman
- i
Geo ge Ken edy, ro-Tem
BY: GTl� lL,
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eputy Clerk to he Board Lit:9---2-i sm -7K/1.4./�,c-te-
APPROVED AS TO FORM: Constance L. Harbert
,
C.W. Cir y
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County Attorney
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900911
I
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO
CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION
TIRE LANDFILL, STORAGE, AND RECYCLING FACILITY
In accordance with the provisions of Sections 30-20-101 through
30-20-115 , CRS , as amended, the Board of County Commissioners of
Weld County, Colorado, hereby grants a Certificate of Designation
for a tire landfill , storage , and recycling facility:
Location of Site:
Part o£ the SEA of Section 32 , Township 3
North, Range 65 West of the 6th P.M. , Weld
County, Colorado
Name and Address of Responsible Operator:
Tire Mountain , Incorporated
12311 Weld County Road 41
Hudson , Colorado 80642
This Certificate of Designation may be temporarily suspended or
revoked , after reasonable notice and public hearing, for cause as
outlined in Section 30-20-112 , CRS , as amended.
Issued this 3rd day of October , 1990 , a eld County, Colorado.
Signed:
bene R. Bran ner, Chairman
Board of County Commissioners
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BEFORE THE WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, PLANNING COMMISSION C' �) - n-
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RESOLUTION OF RECOMMENDATION TO THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS fll to t
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Moved by LeAnn Reid that the following resolution be introduced for g4ssage^
by the Weld County Planning Commission. Be it Resolved by the Weldt2ounti9
Planning Commission that the application for: kdi
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NAME: Tire Mountain, Incorporated
ADDRESS: 12311 Weld County Road 41, Hudson, CO 80642
REQUEST: Certificate of Designation for a tire landfill, storage, and
recycling facility.
LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the SE$ of Section 32, T3N, R65W of the 6th
P.M. , Weld County, Colorado
LOCATION: South of Weld County Road 28; west of and adjacent to Weld County
Road 41
THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES' STAFF RECOMMENDS THAT THIS REQUEST BE
APPROVED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:
1. The conditions for approval and stated standards included in Amended
USR-842 will minimize the impacts on the surrounding property and the
area to the greatest extent possible. The conditions for approval and
stated standards will also provide adequate protection of the health,
safety, and welfare of the inhabitants of the area and the County.
2. The location of the proposed solid waste disposal site will be
convenient and accessible to the potential users.
3. The applicant has demonstrated through the application materials that
they have the ability to comply with the health standards and operating
procedures of the Solid Waste Disposal Site and Facilities Act, Title
30-20, Part 1, CRS 1973.
4. The Colorado Department of Health and the Weld County Health Department
have reviewed this request and find, subject to the conditions, that
the proposal will comply with the Standards of the Solid Waste Disposal
Sites and Facilities Act, Title 30-20-101 et seq. , CRS and with the
regulations promulgated thereunder, 6 CCR 1007-2 known as the
Regulations Pertaining to Solid Waste Disposal Sites and Facilities.
This recommendation is based, in part, upon a review of the application
submitted by the applicant, other relevant information regarding the
request, and the responses of the referral entities.
The Department of Planning Services' staff recommendation for approval is
conditional upon the following:
(4105:11 1
^ k -{J SI I `U
Certificate of Designation
Tire Mountain, Inc.
Page 2
The property shall be maintained in compliance with Amended
USR-842 submitted application materials on file with the
Department Planning Services, and all requirements of the Weld
County Health Department and the Colorado Department of Health.
Motion seconded by Judy Yamaguchi.
VOTE:
For Passage Against Passage
Ann Garrison
Richard Kimmell
Judy Yamaguchi
LeAnn Ried
Rick Iverson
Jean Hoffman
Bud Clemons
Jerry Kiefer
The Chairman declared the resolution passed and ordered that a certified
copy be forwarded with the file of this case to the Board of County
Commissioners for further proceedings.
CERTIFICATION OF COPY
I, Bobbie Good, Recording Secretary of the Weld County Planning Commission,
do hereby certify that the above and foregoing Resolution is a true copy of
the Resolution of the Planning Commission of Weld County, Colorado, adopted
on August 21, 1990, and recorded in Book No. XIII of the proceedings of the
Planning Commission.
Dated the 22nd day of August, 1990.
01.V > C Cn
Bobbie Good
Secretary
CC Cxn 1
DATE: August 21, 1990
NAME: Tire Mountain, Incorporated
ADDRESS: 12311 Weld County Road 41, Hudson, CO 80642
REQUEST: Certificate of Designation for a tire landfill, storage, and
recycling facility.
LEGAL DESCRIPTION: Part of the SE$ of Section 32, T3N, R65W of the 6th
P.M. , Weld County, Colorado
LOCATION: South of Weld County Road 28; west of and adjacent to Weld County
Road 41
THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES' STAFF RECOMMENDS THAT THIS REQUEST BE
APPROVED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:
1. The conditions for approval and stated standards included in Amended
USR-842 will minimize the impacts on the surrounding property and the
area to the greatest extent possible. The conditions for approval and
stated standards will also provide adequate protection of the health,
safety, and welfare of the inhabitants of the area and the County.
2. The location of the proposed solid waste disposal site will be
convenient and accessible to the potential users.
3. The applicant has demonstrated through the application materials that
they have the ability to comply with the health standards and operating
procedures of the Solid Waste Disposal Site and Facilities Act, Title
30-20, Part 1, CRS 1973.
4. The Colorado Department of Health and the Weld County Health Department
have reviewed this request and find, subject to the conditions, that
the proposal will comply with the Standards of the Solid Waste Disposal
Sites and Facilities Act, Title 30-20-101 et seq. , CRS and with the
regulations promulgated thereunder, 6 CCR 1007-2 known as the
Regulations Pertaining to Solid Waste Disposal Sites and Facilities.
This recommendation is based, in part, upon a review of the application
submitted by the applicant, other relevant information regarding the
request, and the responses of the referral entities.
The Department of Planning Services' staff recommendation for approval is
conditional upon the following:
The property shall be maintained in compliance with Amended
USR-842 submitted application materials on file with the
Department Planning Services, and all requirements of the weld
County Health Department and the Colorado Department of Health.
CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION APPLICATION
NELSON ENGINEERS
GREELEY NATIONAL PLAZA 822 7TH STREET GREELEY,COLORADO 80631 (303)356-6362
May 17 , 1990
Austin Buckingham, C.P.G.
Hazardous Material and Waste Management Division
Colorado Department of Health
4210 East 11th Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80220
Re: Tire Mountain, Inc. - Certificate of Designation
Dear Ms . Buckingham:
In behalf of Tire Mountain, Inc. (owner) , I am requesting an
amendment by deletion of inclusion number 1 on page three the
Certificate of Designation recommendation as stated in the
November 10, 1988 Department letter to Weld County Board of
Commissioners. That inclusion, also a condition of the issuance
of a Certificate of Designation by Weld County, Colorado to Tire
Mountain, Inc. , is included as follows : "1 . All trenches shall
be covered with 20 mil plastic and one foot of topsoil as the
trench is progressively brought to final grade. No more than
100 feet of uncovered trench shall exist at any point in time.
Other materials than topsoil can be used as final cover if they
are non-flammable and if erosion control, wind protection, oxygen
suppression the aesthetics suitability, etc. , of the alternative
materials can be demonstrated. "
By this letter, Tire Mountain, Inc. , is requesting that the
requirement for cover by plastic and earth be deleted and that
the tires in trenches be left uncovered. Included with this
letter is supporting data for that request.
Herewith I am transmitting one copy each 1 ) January, 1990
report prepared by High Country Engineering entitled Evaluation
of Alternataive Covering Material; 2 ) the January 16 , 1990 letter
from Nelson Engineers to Platteville Fire Protection District ;
and 3 ) the February 6 , 1990 letter form Platteville Fire Protec-
tion District to Nelson Engineers .
The subject of that report and the letter is cover over the
tires in trenches at Tire Mountain . Each document is self explan-
atory with the report concluding that there is no compelling
reason to cover the in-trench tires and that open uncovered cells
of waste tires is the preferred practice. The Platteville Fire
Protection District , upon review of all material, is no longer
requiring cover over the tires since the District agrees with the
report which recommends no cover over the tires .
°le" 891
Upon considering all alternatives , Nelson Engineers continues
to support the position of leaving the tires uncovered for the rea-
sons outlined in the report, for safety reasons, and because dirt
cover on the tires over the long period will surely infiltrate the
trenches as it dissipates into the tire mass. The tires should
be maintained in a manner free of dirt contamination to have any
value for reuse, recycling or other recovery. It is necessary
that every effort be made to recycle any potentially recoverable
resource, which includes scrap tires. In addition, the evidence
supports leaving the tires uncovered as the most effective method
of avoiding ignition of the trenched tires and enhances safety to
fire fighters and others near the tire trenches.
There is increasing justification that waste tires be kept
as free of dirt as possible so that they can be recycled or other-
wise reused. Placing of dirt over the tires does not necessarily
prove to be a more environmentally sound method of disposal. On
the contrary, such cover will find its way into the trenched
tires to a degree that recycling is rendered impossible. Thus
the waste tire storage problem will continue to grow. Even more
viable solutions to that problem will be found in the future as
the value increases for waste tires because of shortages of other
energy sources .
A copy of an article from the May, 1990 American City and
County magazine, Tire Recycling Catches Fire is also enclosed. In
addition, I am enclosing an April 10, 1990 letter with attachments
from the Southwestern Portland Cement Company. Tire Mountain, Inc. ,
and the Cement Company are negotiating for the use or burning of
the waste tires being collected at the Hudson facility. Such
burning for fuel purposes would be accomplished under stringent
conditions as described in the attached approved Special Use Site
Specific Development Plan, and Certificate of Designation for
Solid Waste Disposal Site, use of tires as fuel for cement manu-
facture. The cement company letter points out the importance of
the tires being free from dirt in order to be most usable.
Upon review of the submitted material, please call me at the
earliest possible date to define the next action. Tire Mountain,
Inc. , is particularly anxious to obtain a resolution to the tire
cover issue so that is can proceed to the next phase of tire storage.
Respectfully,
NEL ENGINEERS
,AMA'
Vern t. Nelson, P. E.
LCN/gc
Enclosures
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cc: Tire Mountain, Inc. a^nr 4 711 N
Kenneth Lind, Esq.
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL
TIRE MOUNTAIN , INC.
WELD COUNTY , COLORADO
JANUARY 1990
PREPARED BY:
GLENN T. HOYNOSKI , P.E.
HIGH COUNTRY ENGINEERING
BLACK HAWK, COLORADO
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TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
SCOPE
The following report is pursuant to a request from Tire
Mountain. This report is intended to evaluate the need for tire
covering on the tire cells permitted by USR #842. This evaluation
assumes that tire recycling will be used at the USR site. This
report will evaluate various options and provide documentation as
well as relevant background information. We will evaluate the
various options , provide an analysis of the risk, develop
recommendations and justifications for various alternative methods
concerning covering of the tire storage cells. This evaluation is
intended to cover only the fire safety aspects of covering the
tires at the tire storage facility .
According to information provided from Tire Mountain, the
scenario involving tire recycling will be utilized. According to
the recommendations from the State Department of Health, all
trenches must be covered with 20 mil plastic and 1 foot of top
soil as the trench is brought to grade with no more than 100 feet
of uncovered tires existing at any point in time . The
recommendation from the State includes the statement that other
materials can be used as a final cover if they can be proven to be
non-flammable and provide erosion control , wind protection, oxygen
suppression and esthetic suitability . These recommendations were
incorporated into the Certificate of Designation by Weld County.
This evaluation will address the above items in the context
of fire safety and will determine what alternatives are available
and the most cost effective means to provide a safe facility in
accordance with the intent of the applicable regulations.
Based upon information previously submitted , it was
recognized that a final solution to the tire covering issue had
not been developed . The previous documentation indicates that
research and development on the alternatives to tire covering
would be researched with final recommendations in the form of a
plan submitted for approval. The various alternatives that were
to be explored were as follows :
1 . Cover the tire cells with fire retardant plastic ,
maintaining ballast with tire strips and the edges only
covered with soil.
2 . Cover the tire cells with fire retardant plastic and
cover with 1 foot of soil as ballast .
-1-
TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
SCOPE (CONT' D)
3 . Cover the tire cells with fire retardant plastic and
ballast with waste tires and the edges with the sidewall
of tires.
4. Investigate other practical ways to safely maintain the
tires and storage.
The above items were evaluated as to their application,
suitability and level of safety provided.
According to the recommendations from the Colorado Department
of Health it was imperative that any materials used must be tested
to determine that they exhibit fire retardant characteristics.
The applicable test standard for flammability is NFPA #701 , "The
Standard Method of Fire Test for Flammable Resistance."
Various plastic materials were researched in order to
evaluate which materials exhibit the necessary characteristics in
order to satisfy the site objectives for use as a cover material.
Previous research has indicated that only a fire retardant plastic
would be considered acceptable in terms of satisfying the intent
of the parameters established by the Colorado Department of
Health.
PLASTIC COVERING ALTERNATIVE
Our firm evaluated various plastic materials which might be
considered acceptable for this application. We found considerable
difficulty in locating materials for utilization in this
application. This was due to the fact that most large sheet
plastic installations have not been tested to satisfy the building
or fire code requirements. The only testing that we are aware of
has been for fabric materials that may be used for tent
applications . In general the low cost plastics that are typically
available have not been specifically tested for flammability
characteristics and would not satisfy the fire safety criteria
imposed by the state.
In this application, the plastic cover material must also be
sunlight resistant. The plastic materials evaluated do not lend
themselves well to characteristics such as sunlight resistance.
In the event that the tire cells are covered with only fire
retardant plastic without using top soil , the plastic material
must then exhibit both fire retardant characteristics as well as
resistance to sunlight and maintain a reasonable service life for
the life of the facility . During the course of the evaluation of
the fire retardant plastics which are commercially available , it
was determined that the life expectancy of the acceptable plastic
material would be in the range for 2 to 3 years due to the
limitations of sunlight resistance and ultraviolet penetration.
er's",,-.> ,q
-2-
TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
PLASTIC COVERING ALTERNATIVE (CONT' D)
The alternatives explored include covering the tire piles
with plastic and other materials for ballasting. All concepts
rely on the premise that a plastic covering material is readily
available with necessary characteristics to perform all the
requirements stated above .
In addition the practicality of using a plastic cover should
be considered in terms of the cost for implementation. Based upon
the preliminary cost estimates of using materials which satisfy
the fire retardant characteristics necessary , this represents a
cost of $8,500 per cell for the plastic covering material only.
The cost for the installation would be additional.
The fire test used to demonstrate the flammability
characteristics of fire retardant plastics includes exposure from
a bunsen burner . The report ignition temperature of plastic sheet
material is approximately 660 0F. The reported ignition
temperature of rubber tires is 700 F.
When comparing the susceptibility of ignition of fabric
materials relative to that of rubber tires, it is obvious that the
risk of ignition based on the documented ignition temperatures of
plastic covering materials is greater than that of rubber tires.
Consequently by providing a fire retardant plastic cover will
provide no additional level of fire safety for the facility than
if the tires are left exposed.
PLASTIC AND EARTH COVER
In the event that the plastic cover would be covered with
dirt, there is no practical means to provide for the removal of
such soil without damage to the plastic cover . Consequently , the
tires that are to be recycled would be filled with soil and create
a loss of recycling operation for which this storage facility is
intended . This particular item has not been resolved by any of
the individuals evaluating this .
The tires stored in the cells will compact resulting in an
uneven surface and the plastic liner will not be able to withstand
this movement and be able to maintain the surface without tearing.
In addition, if the plastic were to be covered with earth the
plastic will tear easily when covered and again avoid the
practical tire re—utilization that is anticipated with this
recycling operation.
of (2 :)'.z..
—3—
TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
PLASTIC AND EARTH COVER (CONT' D)
The practicality of covering the tires with plastic and earth
must also be considered in terms of cost and benefit. If the
tires are covered in this fashion there is no possibility for
reclamation. Although this alternative is plausible for the final
disposition of the tires , this is not the case under the present
operating scheme which contemplates recycling of the tires. The
cost involved to provide a plastic cover and cover with dirt would
be in excess of $5 ,000 excluding the cost of the plastic .
In the process of accessing the tire piles to install the
plastic cover , the likelihood of tearing the plastic is greater .
In addition, the installation of the earth cover is going to be
difficult. Although this approach provides slight benefit, it
eliminates the primary basis for the tire recycling operation.
FIRE RISK
A previous report , conducted by High Country Engineering,
dated November of 1988 (see attached) addressed the requirements
for tire cell separation and need for berms within the storage
cells in order to minimize fire spread from cell to cell assuming
a fire were to be started in any single cell. In that analysis,
it was anticipated that the spacing and placement of berms, access
roads and the spacing of tire cells was predicated on the basis of
a fully involved fire and the incident radiation on adjoining tire
piles. That analysis provided the basis for the spacing of the
tire cells. During that analysis it was assumed that the tire
piles were not protected with any covering material(s) . The
recommendations for the tire cell placement and utilization of
berms and fire access roads have been agreed upon and incorporated
by the Planning Commission and incorporated by the Weld County
Commissioners for implementation into the approval as part of the
Certificate of Designation. Consequently , that was the basis for
the arrangement of the tire cells and subsequent approval. When
considering both the issue of the plastic covers on the tires and
the plastic covers with the earth, neither of the alternatives
appear to serve a practical solution for the storage of these
tires based upon the results of incident radiation on adjoining
cells. The results of the fire protection analysis and
recommendations provided in our report date November of 1988 would
not change at all as a result of the need to cover or not to cover
the tires.
We have previously conducted a fire risk assessment
associated with the tire storage cells that would potentially
ignite the tires at this site. Our previous evaluation concerning
the likelihood of ignition indicated that lightning was the only
a
1 41
-4-
TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
FIRE RISK (CONT' )))
credible risk that existed . The evaluation utilized the risk
assessment guide provided in NFPA #78, "The Lightning Protection
Code." This includes such factors as the type of construction,
relative location, size and height , topography of site and
surrounding areas , type of occupancy and the number of
thunderstorms in the general area. In considering that some of
the factors are not specifically applicable , the analysis
suggested that the risk of lightning in underground trenches is
almost non—existent when compared to above ground storage.
The net result is that the use of plastic covering on the
tires will not provide any degree of added fire safety for the
facility. In fact the fire retardant plastic poses a higher risk
of ignition than the tires themselves .
FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION
We had previously examined other fire causes and recommended
that fire prevention and protection measures be incorporated in
the site emergency plan. Based upon the incorporation of the on—
site fire prevention practices and the implementations of our
recommendations for cell separation, establishment of a fire water
supply and fire fighting procedures, it would appear that the
level of fire risks is minimal at the site. None the less if a
fire would occur adequate provisions for fire fighting and active
fire suppression were considered appropriate for the facility.
In the unlikely event that a fire is ignited in any cell, the
emergency fire operations need to know the nature of the fire and
the best way to contain it. One means to suppress the fire is the
application of water particularly in the early stages of the fire.
However , the primary fire suppression efforts should rely
upon the heavy earth moving equipment which will provide the fire
control required. The available earth on the site adjoining the
cells provides the most practical fire extinguishing medium. In
order to employ fire suppression agents (water and earth) and to
be effective there must be no cover over the tires . Any covering
material may inhibit the fire suppression activities .
The newly adopted NFPA standard for storage of scrap tires is
more than satisfied with the arrangement proposed . This facility
provides a safer arrangement than is proposed under the Appendix
to NFPA #231D Standard .
This is true since the NFPA code contemplates above ground
tire storage of whole scrap tires . The code establishes fire
protection based upon minimizing the size of storage piles and
control of ignition sources .
-5-
TIRE MOUNTAIN EVALUATION OF THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
COVERING MATERIAL FOR THE STORAGE CELLS
FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION (CONT'D)
The tire storage arrangement in this specific application is
in below grade cells and as such provides a higher level of safety
from ignition risks and minimizes risk of exposure from fires from
one tire cell to another .
Additional safety factors , such as personnel and or equipment
near the edge of the tire cells may create an unsafe condition.
Considerations such as emergency personnel and equipment driving
into the tire cells during non—daylight hours may create a safety
hazard for both personnel and equipment. This condition would be
less likely if the tires were exposed.
SUMMARY
Based upon the above review including the anticipated
recycling program, the impracticality of covering the tires with
plastic and/or earth, the cost necessary to provide the
alternative covering, the lack of any increased level of fire
safety , the level of safety to fire fighters and the effectiveness
of fire extinguishing efforts all lead to the conclusion that
there is no need based upon fire safety criteria which justifies
any covering material on the tires under the recycling mode of
operation.
In conclusion, the open cell storage of tires will provide a
safer storage arrangement due to safety of site personnel, safety
of emergency response personnel and the application of fire
fighting agents.
,.
-6-
231D-12 STORAGE OF RUBBER TIRES
Automatic sprinklers can be expected to operate within Appendix C Guidelines for Outdoor Storage
2 to 5 minutes of ignition. At this point,the fire has gener- of Scrap Tires -
ally progressed beyond the stage where extinguishers are
effective and within a few minutes, smoke will make the
area untenable and vision will be completely obscured. C-1 General. The intent of these recommendations is
to provide fire protection guidance to minimize the fire
Active Stage. At this point, the building is untenable hazard in areas for outside scrap tire storage. Each indi-
and obscured vision makes the use of hose streams ques- vidual property will have its own special conditions of tire
tionable. It is best to allow the sprinklers to take control handling, exposure, and topography. For this reason,only �
of the fire. Most sprinklers will have operated within 15 basic fire protection principles are being considered herein
to 20 minutes of ignition if control is to be effected. which are intended to be applied with due consideration
Sprinklers should be allowed to operate at least 60 and of the local factors involved. The authority having jurisdic-
preferably 90 minutes. During the period the building is tion should be consulted in all.cases.
best left unventilated.As control of the fire is gained,smoke Rubber has a heat combustion of about 15,000 BTU's
will tend to change from black to gray and diminish in in-
tensity. During this period at least six charged P/2-in. per pound,or roughly twice that of ordinary combustibles
(that is,paper and wood).Once ignited, fire development - �-
ing the )hose lines should be laid out preparatory to enter- is rapid and high temperatures can be expected,due to the
ing the raincoats,
torts,h floodlights should be secured as large exposed surface area of tires.Burning is likely to per-
well h raincoats,boots,helmets,breathing apparatus,etc., sistt for hours. In cases.where the fire is controlled, re-
fer the overhaul crew. kindling is a possibility. - -
Critical Stage. After 60 to 90 minutes and when These recommendations are not intended to apply to
smoke intensity has diminished,the building should be ven- storage of shredded tires (chips, granuals, etc.).
tilated around the periphery of the suspected fire location.
During this period close observation should be made of C-2 Definitions. Unless expressly stated elsewhere, the
smoke conditions.If smoke generation increases,cease ven- following terms will for the purpose of these recommen-
tilating and close up building if possible. dations have the meanings indicated below:
•- - Aisle. An accessible clear space between storage piles
Overhaul. As soon as smoke clears to the extent that or groups of piles suitable for housekeeping operations,
the building can be entered, entry should be made with visual inspection of piling areas, and initial fire fighting
small hose streams which should be directed into burning operations.
tires. Sprinklers should remain in operation unless the.fire `.
chief is certain that hose can control the fire. Clear Space. Any area free of combustible materials.
Fork trucks and other means should be employed to This does not preclude the storage. of noncombustible
remove tires from the fire area. It will usually be necessary materials that will not transmit an exposure fire.
to keep sprinklers and/or hose streams in operation dur-
ing this procedure at least until all evidence of flame is Fire Lane. A dear space suitable for fire fighting ac-
gone. Patrols should be made in affected area for 24 hours cess and operations by motorized fire apparatus.
following the fire.
In the event that control of the fire is lost as evidenced Yard. The outdoor areas where scrap tires are stored.
by increasing smoke generation, loss of pressure at fire Units (equivalent passenger). One average size
pump discharge(indicating massive sprinkler operation), aUni er fire weighing approximately] 25 la 11 k
collapsing roof, etc., efforts should be directed towards passenger ig ing Pp Y. (. - ..g)
preventing the spread of the fire beyond the area bounded Scrap Tire. A fire that is no longer suitable for
by the fire walls. At this point, consideration should be vehicular use. -
given to shutting off sprinklers in the fire area to provide
water for protecting the exposures. - C-3 Fire Experience -
Use of High Expansion Foam. If a high expansion C-3.1 Fire experience in outdoor storage of scrap tires
foam system is used in connection with automatic sprink- reveals a number of concerns, including: the generation
lers, sprinklers may be shut off 1 hour after ignition and of large amounts of black smoke; the fact that the storage
an additional 1-hour soaking time for foam allowed before is often too close to buildings on the same or adjacent
the building is opened up and overhaul begun. Limited premises, causing fires in these exposed buildings; the
tests with high expansion foam indicate that fire extinguish- generation of oil during the fire where the oil contributes
ment is largely complete after a period of soaking in foam. to the fire or where the run-off will contaminate the sur-
As a precautionary measure,charged hose streams should rounding area; delay in reporting the fire; and the lack of
be available when foam is drained away. fire fighting capabilities. The fire hazards inherent in scrap
After the initial fill, foam generators should be operated rubber tire storage are best controlled by a positive fire
periodically during the soaking period to maintain the foam prevention program which would include the intent that
level. This is necessary since sprinklers and products of a fire would be contained to the pile of origin and limiting
combustion will cause partial foam breakdown. the exposures to other piles or associated structures.
C-3.2 Fire Prevention.
C-3.2.1 The fire hazard potential inherent in scrap rub-
i {�
1989 Edition
APPENDIX C 231D-13
ber tire storage operations can best be controlled by a C-4.2.2 Means of protecting the building exposed by
.../ positive fire prevention program. The method of stacking burning tire storage may be selected from NFPA 80A,
should be solid piles in an orderly manner and should Chapter 3, and separation adjustments may be based on
include:. - building construction and protective measures as given in
(a) Fire lanes to separate piles and provide access for NFPA 80A, Chapter 4, except that the separaton should
effective fire fighting operations. never be reduced below that necessary for fire fighting ac-
cess. (See Section C-4.3.)
(b) Separation of yard storage from buildings and other
exposures. C-4.2.3 Table C-4.2.3 gives representative separations
\—/" (c) An effective fire prevention maintenance program between exposed building and piles or between isolated
including control of weeds, grass, and other combustible piles.
materials within the storage area. - . .
(d) The topography should be considered since in fire Table C-4.2.3 Representative Exposure
conditions, oil accumulations or run-off can be expected. Separation Distances
Scrap tire storage should preferably be on a level area.
Tire Storage Pile height
\--/) C-3.2.2 Appropriate steps should be taken to limit ac- a 10 12 14 16 - 18 20
cess to the tire storage area. Acceptable access should be w q 25 56 62 - 67 73 f:,.. 77 82 85
provided for fire fighting equipment. .o 50 75 84 93 100 ': 107 113 118
"°c 100 100. 116 128 137 146 155 164
•
a 8 150 117 135 149 164 178 189 198
C-4 Exposure Protection. • w G 200 130 149 - 167 _ 183' 198 212 226
250 140 162 181 198 r 216 231 245
C-4.1 For 500 units or less a minimum separation be- NOTE: Separation distances are based on NFPA 80A,Chapter 2,using
tween scrap rubber tires and structures should be 25 ft a factor of 1.5 in accordance with C-4.2.1(x).
(7.6 m) minimum or as reduced by Chapter 3, "Means
of Protection," and Chapter 4, "Application of Means of
Protection," of NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Praia- C-4.2.4 Because of the extensive fire expected in scrap
tion of Buildings from Fire Exposures. tire storage some form of exposure protection for adjoin-
ing properties should be considered.,.If the clear space as
• recommended in Table C-4.2.3 cannot be provided, pro-
C-4.2 For More than 500 Units. vide a dirt berm 1'fe times the height of the tire storage.
C-4.2.1 The minimum distance between outside scrap
rubber tire storage and buildings should be determined in C-4.2.5 The distance between storage and grass,weeds,
�^ accordance with the intent and provisions of NFPA 80A, and brush should be 50 ft (15 m).:':.. .
Recommended Practice for Protation.of Buildings from Exterior Fire -
Exposures. Since ie is based on exposure from a burning C-4.3, Fire Fighting Access
building,restrictions are needed for application to an out- C-4.3.1 Maximum pile height should be 20 ft(6 m).Pile
side storage configuration. width and length should not exceed 250 ft(76.2 m)without
(a) The height of exposing fire from burning trees should a separation according to.Table C-4.2.3.Dirt berms may
be taken as 1.5 times the height of the tire pile since flames be used in lieu of cross aisles in accordance with C-4.2.1(b).
extending above the burning tires contribute to the size (See Figure C-4.3.1.) -
of the radiation surface area. The height of the exposing •
fire, per NFPA BOA, is the building height. Height of com- C-4.3.2 : The fire department should be consulted for ad-
bustibles stored within the building is not mentioned; it vice on provision of all-weather roadways to and within
would be inherent in the selection of the severity of the ex- the storage area.Depending on storage area configuration
posure fire:Acomparative building height would have to and size,access obstruction(river,railroad yards),prevail-
exceed height of piling by several feet at least,and could ing wind direction, alternative tactics, etc., fire fighting
be substantially higher. Furthermore, the height (and strategy may require one or more aisles to be wider than
width) of flames above"a fire-penetrated roof would be those described in C-4.3.1.
�- substantially influenced by the debris of the fire-damaged .
or collapsed roof,whereas flame height above yard storage C-4.3.3 Pre-emergency planning should be made with
would have no such restraint. the local fire protection agency so that fire emergencies can
(b) The width of the exposing fire should be taken as be properly handled in the tire storage facility.
the accumulative width of piles facing the exposed building,
with disregard for the nominal separation between piles C-5 General Fire Protection.
provided by narrow access aisles and roadways. In order C-5.1 General.
`-- for storage piles to be considered isolated piles, the mini-
mum separation distance between piles should be in actor-
eliminated throughout the entire yard. Combustibles
C-5.1.1 Weeds, grass, and similar vegetation should be
dance with Table C-4.2.3. This distance can be reduced
to that necessary to provide a dirt berm at least 1'6 times should be removed as they accumulate.
the height of the pile. C-5.1.2 Smoking should be prohibited within the tire
(c) Percent of opening in exposing wall area should be storage area. Other types of potential ignition sources such
considered to be 100 percent. as cutting and welding, heating devices, open fires, etc.,
�' (d) Severity of exposing fire should considered as severe. should be prohibited.
F r II
...A 'ti.','r`.yii..
1989 Edition
231D-14 STORAGE OF RUBBER TIRES
250' Max.
N ♦I Distance by Table C-4.2.3
250' Max. I Tire Pile Distance by ♦ Tire Pile L
•
Table C-4.2.3 I'
r
Distance by Table C-4.2.3 - Building
(or Dirt Berm 1 1/2' times Pile Height) Cross Aisle
Tire Pile Main Tire Pile
Aisle
Figure C-4.3.1 "fire Pile Arrangement.
•
C-5.1.3 Suitable safeguards should be provided to mini- Appendix D Referenced Publications
mize the hazard of sparks from such equipment as refuse
burners, boiler stacks, vehicle exhaust, etc.
D-1 The following documents or portions thereof are \ j
C-5.2 Water Supplies. - referenced within this standard for informational purposes
only and thus should not be considered part of the require-
C-5.2.1 Either a public or private fire main and hydrant
system should be provided. A water system should be pro- menu of this document. The edition indicated for each
vided to supply a minimum of 1000 gpm(3780 IJmin)for reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA
less than 10,000 units storage, or 2000 gpm(7560 L/min) issuance of this document.
for 10,000 units or greater for a duration of 3 hours. D-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection
C-5.2.2 If there is access to a lake, stream,pond,or other Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.
body of water in the vicinity of the storage area a fire NFPA 10-1988, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
department suction connection should be provided. NFPA 13A-1987, Recommended Practice for the Inspection,
Testing and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems
C-5.2.3 If fire hoses are not immediately available from NFPA 600-1986, Recommendatioru or Organization; Train-
responding public fire departments,on-site storage of 1000 ft f
(304.8 m) of 2%-in. (63-mm) hose and sufficient nozzles lag and Equipment of Private Fire Brigades
should be provided. In addition to water hose streams,high NFPA 80A-1987; Recommended Practice for Protection of
expansion foam may be used to control or extinguish scrap Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures.
tire fires.
C-5.2.4 Bulldozers, front-end loaders and similar equip •
-
ment can be used to move tires not yet involved in the fire,
to create breaks in the tire pile or to cover burning tires
with soil.
.'t O $ I
INS Edition
Glenn T. Hoynoski , P. E. •
ACADEMIC
Bachelor of Science degree in Fire Protection
Engineering from the University of. Maryland , 1975 . At the
_ present time , the University of Maryland is the only school
with an accredited baccalaureate degree program in fire
protection engineering recognized by the engineering
profession .
EMPLOYMENT
5/85 - present : President of High Country Engineering,
- - --
Black Hawk , Colorado . Formed the company in May 1985 to
serve business and industry with a wide variety of
engineering services relative to the fire protection and
building construction industry .
10/83 - 5/86 : Corporate Fire Protection Engineer for
the Adolph Coors Company in Golden , Colorado . Responsible
for the initial implementation of a multi-million dollar
program to upgrade life safety features in the existing
company facilities , including alarm systems , egress ,
emergency and exit lighting ; implementation of a multi-
million dollar process safety upgrade of grain handling
systems for the brewery complex ; evaluation of new
facilities , processes , and modifications to existing
processes which introduce additional fire and explosion
risks to the plant , personnel , and its continuing operation ;
.;, g y-J 4
implementation of a program of fire protection equipment
maintenance for all the existing fire protection and
detection systems ; development of plant-wide emergency
plans , personnel training programs and coordination of same
with outside emergency response agencies ; investigation of
plant fires and emergencies with follow-up evaluations and
critiques , to minimize future plant and personnel risks and
coordination of new building plans and modifications with
local fire officials .
I
6/78 - 8/83 : Loss Prevention Engineer for Marathon Oil
Company , Findlay , Ohio . The company utilized the loss
prevention expertise to minimize company risk through
comprehensive site inspections and evaluation reports
identifying deficiencies in fire protection , process safety
and controls , administrative procedures , as well as fire
prevention and building code issues. Responsible for
conducting site inspections for all domestic facilities
operated by the company , including petroleum refineries , gas
plants , offshore oil and gas drilling and producing
platforms , pipeline and storage facilities , and other
miscellaneous support facilities .
1/76 - 7/58: Fire Protection Engineer for Tennessee
Valley Authority. Responsible for the development of design
criteria and technical specifications for fire protection
systems and related sub-systems , water supplies , fire pumps ,
water distribution systems , sprinkler systems , standpipe
systems , carbon dioxide systems , fixed water spray systems ,
foam systems , Halon fire protection systems , and gas
detection equipment; also responsible for the coordination
iIl
of architectural , electrical , and mechanical installations
with respect to the overall facility fire protection design
concept — this work primarily involved nuclear power plants ,
but also included development of retrofit programs for
existing fossil—fueled and hydroelectric power plants .
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Active in the development , as a charter member , of the
Rocky Mountain Chapter of the Society of Fire Protection
Engineers . Participated as a member of the Executive
Committee of the Chapter since 1983 , and served as Chapter
President during the years 1985-1986 and 1986-1987 .
Active in the Colorado Sierra Fire Protection District
in Gilpin County , Colorado . Chairman of the five-member
fire district Board of Directors since June , 1984 .
lMember of ICBO and the Colorado Fire Marshals'
Association .
Registered as a Professional Engineer in Colorado ,
Wyoming , California , New Mexico , Ohio, Utah, and South
Dakota.
OS '1 4.
d.
FIRE PROTECTION EVALUATION
FOR
SCRAP TIRE LANDFILL
TIRE MOUNTAIN, INC.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO
DECEMBER 5 , 1988
PREPARED BY:
GLENN T. HOYNOSKI , P.E.
PRINCIPAL ENGINEER
HIGH COUNTRY ENGINEERING
BLACK HAWK, COLORADO gg��
c 4
REPORT CONTENTS
SECTIONS PAGE NUMBER.
I SCOPE 2
II REFERENCES 3
j III DEFINITIONS 4
IV INTRODUCTION 5
V ANALYSIS 6
VI RESULTS 12
VII RECOMMENDATIONS 14
VIII CONCLUSION 17
IX COMPANY QUALIFICATIONS 18
( 02 11
1
1
I. SCOPE
This report has been developed to provide Mr . Jarrald A.
Jamison the owner of Tire Mountain, Inc . , an independent
fire safety review of the proposed scrap tire landfill,
located at 12311 Weld County Road 41 in Hudson,
Colorado .
The situation which prompted the concern about this
facility was a fire involving a stockpile of used tires.
In June , 1987 a fire involving approximately 2 million
tires was started by a direct lightning strike at the
facility .
This report is intended to address the fire safety
concerns of the owner, the local fire jurisdiction and
the community. This review and evaluation will address
the proposed site layout to develop an acceptable
storage arrangement with respect to fire safety . This
fire safety review is in conjunction with the permitting
and certification requirements from the Colorado
1 Department of Health. This evaluation does not address
the existing conditions with respect to the above ground
tire storage . The scope of this evaluation was
primarily directed at three issues .
1 . The spacing of the cells used for tire storage with
respect to adjoining storage cells and the minimum
required distance between the cells to prevent
ignition of adjoining cells assuming a fire .
2 . The need for separation/fire breaks within the
individual cells to minimize the likelihood of total
involvement within a single cell and the spacing of
these fire breaks .
3. The proposed distance between the storage cells as
they relate to the requirements for fire department
operations and access .
The analysis and subsequent recommendations are
primarily intended to address the above issues. Other
issues with respect to fire prevention, security ,
control of ignition sources , fire fighting, water
supply , etc. were only briefly considered during this
evaluation. However , it is recognized that all of these
features collectively establish the overall fire safety
of the facility .
-2- err,/ 3J A
II . REFERENCES :
A. Factory Mutual, Loss Prevention Data
for Tire Storage , June , 1975
B. Fire Protection Handbook , 15th Edition
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
C. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
61st Edition
D. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics ,
Dougal Drysdal , 1985
I E. NFPA 231D, Standard for Storage of Rubber
Tires , 1980
F. NFPA 231 , Standard for Indoor General
Storage , 1979
1
G. State of Colorado , Scrap Tire
Recycling Regulation, March 16 , 1988
H. The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection
Engineering , First Edition
-3-
I
l III . DEFINITIONS
The following definitions explain some of the
terminology used in this report . These terms are
characteristic in the fire protection field and are
provided here for clarification purposes.
1 . Scrap Tire - A tire that is no longer used for it ' s
original purpose.
2. Ignition Temperature - The temperature at which an
object will begin to burn due to heat from an
external source.
3. Heat of combustion - The amount of heat produced
from the combustion of a particular object , assuming
1007 combustion efficiency.
4. Heat Flux - The amount of heat being felt at a
distance from the original heat source .
S. Area affected - This is the total area involved in
fire at any one time .
6. Radiator - An object which is producing a heat
source .
7 . Exposure - The area which is affected by a heat
source.
8. Fire retardant - A treatment which will reduce a
materials ability to ignite and support combustion.
9. Fire lane - A road provided for fire department use
during an emergency which is designed so as to
support and provide enough operating room for the
fire apparatus and personnel.
10. Fire separation distance - The distance required
between structures or hazards to avoid fire spread
from one location to another location.
11 . Radiation - The heat transfer mode from a fire
through the air to an adjoining location.
-4-
on 'CC 1
IV. INTRODUCTION
I
Facilities which store scrap tires outdoors are not
directly addressed in any nationally recognized fire
codes. There is very little technical data published
with regard to the combustion or combustibility of tires
in outdoor locations . Due to the lack of published
information, standards and criteria, recommendations
have been developed based upon expertise in fire
protection engineering along with back—up references
from the limited code information data available
relative to the protection of hazards .
The following evaluation will address the adequacy of
the fire lanes with regard to proper separation distance
and fire lane access between the storage cells.
The evaluation will also include recommendations to
provide for safer operation and maintenance of the
facility with respect to fire safety . These
recommendations will address design, operations,
imaintenance and safety for the facility .
Based upon the previously described scope this
j evaluation 'is intended to :
l 1 . Determine if the proposed 50 foot separation
between storage cells is adequate to limit the
spread of fire.
2. Determine if it is necessary to reduce the size
of the storage cells by providing fire breaks
within each storage cell.
3. Assess the location and design of the proposed
fire lanes with respect to providing for fire
department access and sufficient area for the
fire department to operate in.
V. ANALYSIS
A. To determine whether or not the 50 foot separation
distance proposed between storage cells is adequate ,
a set of calculations have been performed . These
calculations will consider the surface of half of a
storage cell being fully involved in fire and the
effect it will have on the neighboring cells. The
cells are considered to be divided in half by 50 foot
wide earthen barriers.
In order to mathematically describe the conditions
which occur in a fire the characteristics of the fuel
must be considered . The technical data for the
combustion of rubber tires was not available from the
customary fire protection reference sources.
Consequently the analysis was based on the observed
estimated flame height of 100 feet. This is from
discussions with the Platteville fire department
personnel and actual experience.
This analysis will calculate the amount of heat that
will be felt on a storage cell adjacent to one fully
involved in fire. The result of this calculation
will determine whether or not the 50 feet distance
between storage cells will be sufficient to prevent
ignition of neighboring storage cells. Calculations
such as these are used in United Kingdom and by the
hydrocarbon processing industry to determine safe
distances between buildings or storage tanks in order
to prevent the ignition of adjoining structures or
processes from radiant heat.
The calculations will determine how much heat energy
is being radiated from a fire and the amount of heat
energy being received at the adjacent storage cells.
These results will be used to determine if the
separation distance is adequate. All mathematical
equations used are from "An Introduction to Fire
Dynamics" . These calculations do not consider the
effects of weather .
The calculations also assume very high combustion
efficiency with an adequate air supply to support
combustion. In actual practice the fuel supply will
be limited .
-6-
1
V. ANALYSIS (CONT' D)
STEP 1 : CALCULATE THE RATE OF HEAT
RELEASE FOR THE FIRE.
'4c.- I(X+1 . X21 2 . 5
0 . 23
1Z=30 . 48m ( 100 FT) Estimated flame height
from observations
D= 4A =equivalent diameter for a
�7y rectangle
A=76 . 2m x 31 . 09m =2 , 369 . 1m2 = area of
c2e11
( 25 , 491 . 1 FT )
D=54 . 9m ( 180. 2 ft )
Qc= 1..(30 . 48 .4. 9)1 . 02(54 . 12 . 5
L 0 . 23 J
1 = 2 . 74 x 106 kW
STEP 2 : CALCULATE THE RELEASE OF RADIANT
ENERGY BY THE FIRE
*NOTE: THE AMOUNT OF RADIANT HEAT
OBSERVED ON A DISTANT OBJECT
IS 30 PERCENT. . .
1
QR=0 . 3 Qc
Qc=2 . 74 x 106 kW (From Step 1 )
QR=8 . 22 x 105 kW
1
V. ANALYSIS (CONT' D) •
•
STEP 3: CALCULATE THE HEAT FLUX AT THE
ADJACENT CELL 50 FEET AWAY AT
POINT "T" OF FIGURE 2.
• QR cos
q r ,T_
471 R2
QR=8 . 22 x 105 kW (From Step 2 )
f =arctan (1/2)2
d
.Q=30. 48m ( 100 ft) Flame Height
d=30. 79m ( 101 ft ) Distance from center of
flame to adjacent cell
A = 82 . 5 degrees
1 R=1/
(R/2) 2 t d2
R=34 . 4m
v
1 8 . 22 x 10 cos 82 . 5
qr ,T=
4 77' (34 . 4) 2
•
=7 . 22 kW/m2
qr T
Gn O n:1 1
-8-
I
•
V. ANALYSIS (C0NT' D)
FIGURE 1
j.
(102 FT) (50 FT) ( 102 FT)
31.9m 13.24m 31 .09m
1 . 22m ,g I I I
(4 FT)? � - - - -- - - - - -
LENGTH = 167 .64m (550 ft)
1
7
�.
�. . d
—9—
i
V. ANALYSIS (CONT' D)
FIGURE 2
ESTIMATING THE RADIANT HEAT FLUX
RECEIVED AT POINT T FROM A POOL
FIRE, DIAMETER D. EQUIVALENT
POINT SOURCE AT P.
I
. , - - -
' • ) I '
•
, . ,
}
P'�. ,
�' R
•
• s •
`.
y ' I , `
l s r
d
"P" is the point source of the radiated heat .
"R" is the distance from the point source of the
radiated heat to the edge o£ the adjacent storage
cell.
"d" is the distance from the center of the burning
storage cell to the edge of the adjacent storage
cell .
"D" is the width of the storage cells .
"1" is the flame height of the burning storage cell .
"T" is the point at the adjacent storage cell for which
the radiated heat is calculated.
-10-
l
V. ANALYSIS (CONT' D)
B. From discussion with and reviewing the fire fighting
apparatus and equipment of the Platteville Fire
Protection District , there must be 18 feet distance
to set up a truck to pump water and 15 feet to set
up the portable tank and that leaves a 17 foot
driving lane for tankers to use to fill the portable
tank. (See Figure 3)
FIGURE 3
i
1
5i
5 FT.
50' WIDE TANKER DRIVING LANE
FIRE LANE 8 FT.
4 FT.
( PORTABLE r
TANK I 15 FT.
15 ' X 15 ' f
5 FT.
PUMPER ~ 8 FT.
T 5 FT.
T
NOT TO SCALE
-11_ 1,,, A
i
VI . RESULTS
A. After reviewing the results of the calculations a
heat flux of 7 . 22 KW/m2 is received at the edge of
the adjoining storage cell. The radiant heat energy
to ignite wood is 12 . 5 KW/m after prolonged
exposure. Since the energy required to ignite
rubber tires is not available a comparison to the
ignition of wood was used . The chart in Figure 4
will give a better understanding of what the results
of radiant heat energy are.
The ignition temperature of wood after a prolonged
exposure is 662 ° F. (From Fire Dynamics) The
ignition temperature of rubber tires is 700 ° F
(from Factory Mutual) . Due to the ignition
temperature of rubber tires being somewhat higher
than that of wood provides a greater safety factor
with respect to possible ignition.
The density of the materials also has an effect on
the ease o£ ignition. Generally those materials
with a greater density are harder to ignite. Since
rubber tires have a greater density than wood the
tires are not as likely to ignite as wood with a
similar exposure .
In comparing the radiant energy required to ignite
combustibles , the ignition temperature and the
density of the material indicate that the rubber
tires will not ignite under the conditions
evaluated.
Consideration must also be given to the fact that
977 of the stored tires in the cells will be
separated from other cells by a physical barrier of
soil, 50 feet wide. The majority of heat being
produced from the fire is directed vertically,
dissipated in the air above the fire. Only 30
percent of the energy is radiated to the adjoining
storage cell .
—12—
y,/=. V. -Jens
i
VI . RESULTS (CONT' D)
FIGURE 4
EFFECTS OF THERMAL RADIATION
RADIANT HEAT OBSERVED EFFECT
flux (kW/m'')
0.67 SUMMER SUNSHINE IN UK .
1 MAXIMUM FOR INDEFINITE SKIN EXPOSURE.
6 . 4 PAIN AFTER 8 s SKIN EXPOSURE
10.4 PAIN AFTER 3 s EXPOSURE
12. 5 VOLATILES FROM WOOD MAY BE IGNITED BY
PILOT AFTER PROLONGED EXPOSURE.
16 BLISTERING OF SKIN AFTER 5 s .
29 WOOD IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY AFTER
PROLONGED EXPOSURE.
52 FIBERBOARD IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY IN
5 s .
B. According to the calculation results, the size of
the storage cells is required to be reduced in half
from cell size proposed . This is due to fact that
an entire cell being involved in fire will produce
radiant heat energy greater than 14. 3 KW/m With
the cells divided in half, radiant heat energy is
reduced to 7.22 KW/m2.
C. The proposed width of the fire lanes (50 feet) will
provide for reasonable and safe operations of the
fire department during emergencies.
r,
-13-
i
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Storage Cell Separation
Divide the storage cells in half with a 50 foot wide
earthen barrier to reduce the size of the potential
fire. Reducing the size of the individual storage
cells, by providing an earthen separation at the
middle , will be beneficial in several ways . It will
provide for better access to the stored scrap tires
for both, the facility operator and fire department .
By reducing the amount of tires in each storage
cell, will reduce the size of a fire which will
reduce the probability of a fire spreading to
adjoining storage cells.
The size and construction of these separations
should be similiar to that of the barriers between
the storage cells.
B. Fire Lanes
The construction of the fire lanes between cells
shall be able to support a weight of 50, 000 pounds .
Consideration must be given to fire apparatus
operating while in a parked mode , within two feet o£
the edge of the fire lane and water spilling onto
the roadway surface during fire fighting operations.
l
These fire lanes must be kept unobstructed and
driveable at all times of the year .
C. Water Supply
The irrigation wells for water supply sources will
flow a sufficient amount of water to provide for
exposure protection and limited containment
purposes. They are located within reasonable
proximity to the tire storage facility to provide
application of water in a timely manner .
-14- o. . 4,— .11 t
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS (CONT' D)
i
D. Fire Fighting Procedures
1 . The primary means to extinguish a fire in a
storage cell will be to smother it by piling
dirt on top with equipment available at the
site. This equipment must be maintained and
kept in working order at all times. There must
be , on site at all times, personnel capable of
operating this equipment .
2 . The following equipment must be readily
available to mobilize in the event of a fire at
i Tire Mountain on an on-call balls .
1 -8 Yard Terex Loader
1 -3 Yard Fiat Allis Loader
1 -1 1/2 Yard Drop 50 Backhoe
1 -11 Yard John Deere Elevating Scraper
1 -D-8 Caterpillar Dozer
1 -D-7 Caterpillar Dozer
3 -18 Yard Caterpillar Scrapers
3. The secondary or back-up resources will be the
local fire departments to assist with
containment and exposure protection.
4. Hand held portable fire extinguishers of
a minimum rating of 4A-40B-C should be kept on
service equipment to provide for a means to put
out a small fire quickly. All plant employees
should be trained in the proper use of fire
extinguishers.
5. A means must be to provided for immediate
notification to the local fire department of a
fire at the facility . This can be accomplished
using the existing phone system. This should
always be the first action prior to attempting
fire control.
Vega 4
-15-
i
VII . RECOMMENDATIONS (CONT' D)
E. Facility Fire Prevention
1 . Maintain the storage area so other combustible
materials do not accumulate to create a hazard .
2 . Vehicles should not be stored in the tire
storage area so as not to create an exposure
hazard .
3. At the present time, continuous monitoring of
the site is provided . This must be maintained .
4. The facility management should designate an
employee to be a facility emergency coordinator.
This person should be familiar with all the fire
safety requirements and procedures. In case of
an emergency this person will be in charge of
facility employees and coordinate fire
suppression efforts with the fire department.
fe)r( C";� y
-16-
VIII . CONCLUSION
This review of the layout of the proposed facility ,
indicates that the design and layout of the storage
cells is sufficient to prevent the spread of fire from
radiant heat and allow for reasonable fire department
access in cases of a fire emergency providing that all
of the recommendation included in this report are
implemented . The single most important consideration
is the capability to readily mobilize fire protection
efforts with heavy equipment located on site.
The other primary concern is fire prevention practices ,
which can be controlled through the operator of the
facility . Although forces of nature cannot be
completely prevented nor controlled , with the layout
proposed a fire in one storage cell will not ignite an
adjoining cell if immediate efforts are made towards
fire control with on—site personnel. With both the
fire department and the resources available to the
1 facility operator , a fire in any of the storage cells
can be contained and held under control until it is
extinguished.
( The practice of reducing the size of the stockpiles and
burying them below grade will provide for a more
efficient and fire safe operation particularly when
compared to the existing above ground storage .
I
I
_17_
IX. COMPANY QUALIFICATIONS
BACKGROUND
High Country Engineering was founded in 1985 to satisfy
a need in the fire protection industry which has existed
in the greater Rocky Mountain region. We have
established a thoroughly qualified fire protection
engineering firm providing specialized fire protection
consulting service to business , government and industry .
The services typically provided consist of a wide
variety of fire protection, prevention, safety , risk
analysis, design and code—related activities intended
primarily to limit loss of life and property due to fire
and explosion risks ; secondarily to minimize costly
business interruption. The services described below are
provided by an experienced team of engineering
professionals.
IGLENN T. HOYNOSKI , P.E.
PRINCIPAL ENGINEER
fBachelor of Science degree in Fire Protection
Engineering, University of Maryland, 1975. At the
present time , the University of Maryland is the only
school with an accredited baccalaureate degree program
in fire protection engineering recognized by the
Engineering profession.
Active in the development , as a charter member , of the
Rocky Mountain Chapter of the Society of Fire Protection
Engineers . Participated as a member of the Executive
Committee of the Chapter since 1983, and served as
Chapter President during the years 1985-1987 .
Active in the Colorado Sierra Fire Protection District
in Gilpin County , Colorado. Chairman of the five-member
fire district Board of Directors since June , 1984.
Member of NFPA, SFPE, ICBO and the Colorado Fire
Marshals ' Association.
Registered as a Professional Engineer in Colorado ,
Wyoming, California, New Mexico , Ohio, Utah and South
Dakota.
-18-
v7)/
NELSON ENGINEERS
GREELEY NATIONAL PLAZA 822 7TH STREET- GREELEY.COLORADO 80631- (303)356-6362
January 16 , 1990
Platteville Fire Protection District
Glenn Miller, Fire Marshall
P. 0. Box 122
Platteville, Colorado 80651
Re: Tire Mountain, Inc.
Dear Mr. Miller:
The January 1990 report prepared by Glen Hoynoski of High
Country Engineering entitled Evaluation of Alternative Covering
Material, has been reviewed by me. The report is comprehensive
in its evaluation o£ in-trench scrap tire coverings. The re-
search accomplished by Mr. Hoynoski does not reveal any signi-
ficant data that provides enlightenment with respect to coverages
for in-trench tires. The concepts used at the Tire Mountain
facility for fire prevention, fire safety and suppression are
apparently not incorporated in any known literature or available
research information.
Mr. Hoynoski has made evaluations in his report, based on
his extensive knowledge and experience, that reflect reasonable
and logical conclusions to assure beyond a reasonable doubt that
uncovered in-trench tire storage is in fact the most practical
method. His point regarding safety of personnel and equipment in
the area where uncovered tire trenches exist that can be readily
seen is particularly valid. He also points out that in the un-
likely event of a fire in the trenched tires , the tire cells as
designed can readily be covered by dirt taken from the adjacent
fills constructed as access roadways .
Mr. Hoynoski' s research shows that the greatest fire suppres-
sant for tires is earth. In this case, earth is readily available
and the placement should not be inhibited by artificial cover.
Further, the fact that the tested plastics are more flammable
than the tires themselves indicates that a fire is more likely to
occur and spread if plastics are used adjacent to or on the
tires .
t�{ f'
Platteville Fire Protection District
Glenn Miller, Fire Marshall
January 17 , 1990
Page Two
Mr. Hoynoski ' s report provides no compelling reason to
cover the in-trench tires, but rather his conclusion supports the
fact that open uncovered cells of waste tires is the preferred
practice. I recommend that Tire Mountain, Inc. , be encouraged to
follow the recommendations of High Country Engineering.
Respectfully,
NELSON ENGINEERS
AVIAMg
LaVern C. Nelson, P.E.
LCN/gc
Enclosure
cc: Tire Mountain, Inc.
Kenneth Lind
0. ,, . 7 .A
Platteville Fire Protection D.otrict g o 1 I
P.O. Box 122 • Platteville, CO.80651
(303) 785-2232 RECEIUEC FEB 0 8 jgap
Nelson Engineers
2/6/90
822 7th St .
Greeley, Co .
Dear Mr . Nelson:
As per your request -The Platteville Fire District has
reviewed the proposal made by Tire Mountain inc . concerning
the covering of the tire ce'llsrwith''dd rt and plastic .
1i
After reviewing the report 'by Mr. Glenn Hoynoski and
visiting the sitetiwke ,_agree witl} theixeport in that covering
the cells may not be necessar'yQ;We do however insist that all
other requirements Of the permseAMstrictly adhered to .
:; , c
The Platteville Eire ,Ditrict'will ;be visiting the site
on a monthly bases . At ;our last vssit cae were very pleased
with what we observed t" t.'�'f'� •jTi •"A mx'o �e � f,,,.
i..r.4. F -9^t.
12r-d Nei Y.�t .r rJ"04 rv;.
btv a'TCi7fi k' . by T5' �
Sincerely R� �� `�>.�e600 3•s �• r � �
Glenn Miller r � y`
Fire Marshal ."' rr. is.Ya �.` .WA _.;;;- -jirtiCaSk
Platteville Fire District '
n w
FsY
i Ya
cc :Tire Mountain Inc { {
it n rA '..
• � r ,�,ktl,
RECER ) MAY 0 1 19g0
SOUTHWESTERN PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY erg,
„Toeo !A
r SOUTHWEST DIVISION
et
BRAN° P.O.BOX 529 Sy0CFMENi f
4
C `\ LYONS,Cowanoo 805
(303)8236685
April 10, 1990
Mr. Jerry Jamison
Tire Mountain, Inc.
12311 Weld County Road
Hudson, Colorado 80642
Dear Jerry:
In the near future, I would like to discuss the possible use of
the automobile tires that you presently have stockpiled at your
Hudson facility.
Our company, Southwestern Portland Cement, has received a Certifi-
cate of Designation to receive whole or shredded tires for fuel in
our rotary cement kiln. We are presently burning the tire chips
and anticipate burning whole tires in the near future.
We will need approximately seven hundred fifty thousand (750,000)
tires per year if we are successful in burning the whole tires.
We will need clean tires (no dirt or water) when we receive them,
and also if the stockpile of tires were ever shredded, the tires
need to be free of dirt and trash or the cost of shredding them
may be much higher because of labor to clean the tires and also
higher maintenance cost on the equipment.
I will call you in a week to set up an appointment so we can review
the storage area.
Very truly yours,
SOUTHWESTERN PORTLAND CEMENT
Agerato�` ✓
Vice President-Special Projects
GLA:Iw
{LNII , • Olla.5.5,TEXAS • vICIOW/ILLE.CALIFORBL5 • FAIRBORN.OHIO • LYONS.COLOW5DO • LEAMTIGTON,GI NI
Post Once Box 471 •Booklet.Colorado 803O6
•
• P
,
usou�ders ; Land Use Department
:t,GCurl 2040 um Wet•1tm a Spruce Stree4•namincucrne semces EaAorng.2no Root• 60Waef.Cworoeo 80201.001)4414239
RECERIED
May 30, 1989
JUN 1198g
Mr. Gerald Anderson
Southwest Portland Cement Co. LYONS PLANT
Ute Highway
Lyons, CO 80540
Dear Mr. Anderson:
The purpose of this letter is to certify that at a hearing of the Board of County
Commissioners of the County of Boulder, State of Colorado, duly called and held on May
30, 1989, in consideration of the request described as follows:
Docket 4iSU-88-21 .Lyons Rubber Recycling Facility
the following action was taken:
The Board of County Commissioners of Boulder County, State of Colorado,
APPROVED the request for Special Use Site Specific Development Plan, and
Certificate of Designation for Solid Waste Disposal Site, use of tires as fuel for
cement manufacture subject to the following conditions:
1. That Southwestern Portland Cement Company obtain its revised Colorado Air Pollution
Emission Permit before beginning to accept or bum shredded or whole tires.
2. That, starting on August 1, 1989 and on August 1st of each subsequent year, an
annual report will be submitted to the Boulder County Land Use and Health Departments
and the Colorado Department of Health. This report shall indicate on a monthly basis and
annual total, the weight of whole and shredded tires received, the weight of whole tires
shredded, the weight of whole and shredded tires utilized in the kiln, and the weight of
whole and shredded tires in storage.
3. That RCRA EPA toxicity analyses, and analysis for toxic trace elements, of the kiln
dust shall be performed for each 1,500 tons of tire material utilized during the first three
months and for each 3,000 tons of material utilized in the following four months. A
minimum of three separate such analyses shall be provided within the first seven months of
operation. These results shall be reported to the Boulder County Land Use and Health
Departments and to the State Health Department
4. That mosquito and other vector control programs approved by the Boulder County
Health Department be instltuted•as necessary to ensure that the fire storage areas do not
increase area vector poputations.
5. That Southwestern develop and implement a tire fire coordination program with the
Lyons and Hygiene Fire Departments prior to bringing tires to the site. This program should
Josephine w.Hnom Ponaio K Stewart Homer Page
County Comrns;,onec County Commustener County C‘tmrrvyoner
Anderson, May 30, 1989/page 2
identify the personnel, equipment, materials, and sequence of events that will be used to
fight a tire fire. All identified personnel should be trained in the program. A report detailing
the program shall be submitted to the Boulder County Land Use and Health Departments
and to the State Health Department.
6. That surface runoff will be diverted away from the shredded and whole tire storage
areas.
7. That within three months of closure of the kiln, all remaining tires will be either recycled
properly disposed of.
8. That any required Floodplain Development Permit be approved by Boulder County
Public Works Department.
9. That a report be made to the Planning Commission and Board of County
Commissioners of the results an inspection of the operation made after one year of
operation.
10. That the operation proceed as described in all commitments made of record as a
part of this Special Review and other required reviews and permits.
The standard model form for the Site Specific Development Agreement is enclosed for your
use in preparalion of the final agreement implementing this approval. Please use this form
and the conditions of approval listed to prepare this document for signature and recording.
If you have any questions conceming this action, please feel free to contact me at the
Planning Office at 441-3930.
Sincerely,
1 W-4- 41
Ken Zebarth
Planner, Operational Division
cc: file
e}s, 711
0/3 ��
taken over entirely by big business is Senate aiming to keep organized crime the idea of becoming the state's dump. nal it
4
uncertain, but at least in New York out of the industry. New York City does have many in-
City, it is becoming a major industry In New York City, the life of the — novative recycling projects, however, s
because of the high volume involved. In Fresh Kills Landfill, the largest in the including a glassphalt process which M4 �',
•
Pennsylvania, furthermore, garbage is world, is at stake. The city has no other mixes 5 to 20 percent waste glass into its stir_f,.
so profitable ($I billion a year), that a place to put its garbage, and communi- paving mixture at its city-owned asphalt
plant. First used in Baltimore, glas- , ,
bill has been introduced into the state ties nationwide are beginning to rebel at p s
sphalt does not puncture tires, improves ', '
the ability of cars to hug the road and
`= )
costs 25 percent less than gravel. But 41 1.f:fn
best of all from Sexton's point of view, a
Tire Recycling Catches Fire the road glass uses the unrecyclable res- , ,
idue from mixed glass — broken chips, .r
ceramics, mirrors, windows and light Z/I ;It
L,.
0
ale Clark, lire recycling coordi- shape allows air to circulate and blbs.
nator for the Washington State protects the flames on the inside. Another project Sexton is proud of is '
Department of Ecology, says there And, though tires make up only 1 his leaf composting program, the first t ?,
are two types of illegal tire piles — percent of the solid waste stream, within the boundaries of a large cif 8
"those that have burned and those according to Kennedy, they are a About the cubic yards were processed city.
i
that are waiting to burn." tough one percent to deal with sincef
Events in the last several years they tend to rise to the top of land- in four weeks of collection last fall, A r$
bear him out. For example, a recent fills andiare highly flammable. Tires probably to be used for Sanitation De- 4? If::
fire in Hagers F...also; harbor partment landscaping. "More than one
million trees and bushes have been 't
vine, Ontario, - - .� disease-carry- >. ,-
the + mg rodents and planted at Fresh Kills in two years,"
[he largest [o _ • says Sexton.
date, con- mosquitos. y V
• -r The most New York pays $10/ton for newspa-
the emost of ' o' per removal and is exploring the market
[he estimated • ..;f.. - - ueconomicai op- P P g
12 to 14 mil- o
-, . �! buon for getting- for a non-decomposable plastic lumber.
..
lion tires in one fillinti ' . Eridf;of large This mixed-plastic product is under
dump, releas- About 280 million tires are scrapped volumes 0f consideration for city guardrails around
ing toxic them- yearly In the United States,most . trreS is to use parking lots and parks' department
icals into the Piling LIP Illegally posing healthi ..°'�theni-as fuel; bench slats and fencing. Utility Plastics I
air and water. and environmental hazards. ::Clark says.- Co. of Brooklyn soon will manufacture
Last year, a blaze in Catskill; N.Y.,. One tire contains over 300,000 btu of city traffic cones from polyvinyl chlo-
sent four to six million tires up in heat energy,equivalent to about two ride (PVC) and city barricades from
smoke, and a 1983 fire in Winches- gallons of heating oil.'- HDPE. '
ter, Va., burned for nine-months; ' f Tires can be burned cleanly, when The most pivotal marketing problems I
consuming seven millionaires. the burning is done in''controlled cir- for the nation are ONP and plastics. j
Those kinds of fires can be pre- cumstances. Norman Sowards, pres ONP in combination with OCC and all I
vented through recycling and other ident of EPI, a•waste-to-energy types of used paper is 38 percent by
productive uses of tires,according to company that is a division of-JWP volume of America's trash, and plastics
experts in the solid-waste manage-. Inc.; Purchase N.Y., says that,the a conspicuous 18 percent. Since ONP is
ment field. - black, acrid smoke that,billows out easy to source-separate and collect, this
Options for old tires include re- of an open tire fire is nonexistent crucial market is glutted.
treading, use in products like as- when tires are processed'in modern "Free enterprise has to take over. It
phalt, dock bumpers and railroad plants. The rubber in a tire is.made always has historically," says one local
ties, and as fuel in waste-to-energy from oil and carbon;Sowards says,- official. "Cost-effectiveness is the
plants. - • and the black smoke is composed of foundation of our nation. Entrepre-
Roughly 280 million tires are fine particles of carbon that escape neurs will come out of the woodwork
scrapped each year in the United when tires burn uncontrolled. - , over this-"
States, according to consulting engi- Another option for tire disposal is Thus giant and fledgling industries
neer Mike Kennedy, who estimates shredding. Waste Management Inc., seek new uses for ONP and plastics in
only 30 percent of those are used which currently oversees:eight:oper- response to the oversupply. On the pa-
productively. "Another •10 percent ational tire shredding facilities, is per front, "five companies are consid-
are landfilled in an acceptable man- scheduled to open six more in the enng the construction of new mills to
ner," he says, "and about 60 per- mid-1990s. - make newsprint from ONP," says Rod
cent are disposed of illegally — left Each shredding operation is capa- Edwards, a vice president of the Amer-
in warehouses or dumped in woods, ble of handling approximately 1,000 scan Paper Institute. Among these are
valleys, old mines, abandoned tires an hour and 5,000 to 12,000 Garden State Paper Co. and Jefferson
houses, you name it." tons of scrap tires every year. Shred- Smurfit, the nation's leading ONP re-
Kennedy sees a burgeoning inter- ded tires are less likely to burn and cyclers. urchas-
est in tires as a fuel source. "In 1982, pose less of an environmental threat. Lumber companies react by p
there were only five industrial facili- Furthermore, if Rep. George ing deinkers at a cost of up to $50 mil-
ties using tires," he says. "Today Hochbrueckner, D-N.Y., has his lion to blend virgin and ONP pulp. Al-
there are at least 20,and 12 more are way, tire recycling will not be an op- ready most newspaper publishers print
in various stages of planning." tion; it will be a mandate. His bill, on commingled recycled paper. Accord-
Once a pile starts burning, the introduced in March, would encour- ing to a New York Times survey, the
flames are difficult to put out. Tires age the U.S. Commerce Department
Gannet o..,with 84 dailies, uses 8 to
shed water and burn on both the in- to research opportunities for reusing 10 percwm recycled dlivspnnt; the Los
(�t g(�Ec Times uses�a 30 percent blend
side and outside surfaces- Their and reprocessing scrap tires. ❑ Itnorta'P"t3ragon mills; Knight-Ridder
Inc., with—"Y'papers, uses II percent;
American City 6 County/May 1990
50
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