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-- Appendix F: Soils Report
Four soil types exist within the proposed permit area. These types are Altvan Loam,
Aquolls and Agents (Gravelly Substratum), Dacono Clay Loam and Otero Sandy Loam
(see Sheet 2: Vicinity Map for mapped soil locations). The report for these soils is found
on the following pages.
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WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 7
brief description of the soil profile. In each description, The acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit
the principal hazards and limitations are indicated, and are given in table 4,and additional information on proper-
the management concerns and practices needed are ties, limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many soil
discussed. uses is given for each kind of soil in other tables in this
The map units on the detailed soil maps represent an survey. (See "Summary of tables.") Many of the terms
area on the landscape made up mostly of the soil or soils used in describing soils are defined in the Glossary.
for which the unit is named. Most of the delineations
shown on the detailed soil map are phases of soil series. Soil descriptions
Soils that have a profile that is almost alike make up a
sail series. Except for allowable differences in texture of 1—Altvan loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.This is a deep,
the surface layer or of the underlying substratum,all the well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900
soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major
composition, thickness, and arrangement in the profile. A rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
soil series commonly is named for a town or geographic show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small,
feature near the place where a soil of that series was long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits.
first observed and mapped.Olney and Nunn,for example, Typically the surface layer of the Altvan soil is grayish
are names of two soil series. brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam
layer or in the underlying substratum and in slope, ero- about 15 inches thick The substratum is calcareous loamy
sion stoniness, salinity, wetness, or other characteristics sand about 6 inches thick over gravelly sand.
that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a Permeability and available water capacity are
soil series is divided into phases.The name of a soil phase moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches.
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or manage- Surface runoff is slow,and the erosion hazard is low.
ment.For example,Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
slopes,is one of several phases within the Olney series.. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
Some map units are made up of two or more dominant ing corn, sugar beets, beans,alfalfa,small grain,potatoes,
kinds of soil.Such map units are called soil complexes and and onions.An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
undifferentiated groups. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
A soil complex consists of areas of two or more soils sugaz beets, small grain, or beans. The high clay content
that are so intricately mixed or so small in size that they and the rapidly permeable substratum slightly restrict
cannot be shown separately on the soil map. Each area in-
come crops.
eludes some of each of the two or more dominant soils, All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
and the pattern and proportion are somewhat similar in rigation is the most common (fig. 4). Proper irrigation
all areas.Midway-Shingle complex,5 to 20 percent slopes, water management is essential Barnyard manure and
is an example. commercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
soils that could be mapped individually but are mapped as shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
one unit because there is little value in separating them. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
The pattern and proportion of the soils are not uniform. vegetation should be continued for as many years as
An area shown on the map has at least one of the domi-
nant (named) soils or may have all of them. Loup-Boel possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and
loamy sands,0 to 3 percent slopes, is an undifferentiated have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
redcedar,ponderosa pine,Siberian elm,Russian-olive,and
group in this survey area.
Most map units include small, scattered areas of soils hackberry.The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
other than those that appear in the name of the map unit. lilac Siberian peashrub,and American plum.
Some of these soils have properties that differ substan- This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly
tially from those of the dominant soil or soils and thus suitable for openland wildlife, including pheasant, cotton-
could significantly affect use and management of the map tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and
unit. These soils are described in the description of each alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife,
map unit. Some of the more unusual or strongly contrast- especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and
ing soils that are included are identified by a special sym- undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil-
bol on the soil map. dlife populations.
Most mapped areas include places that have little or no This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban
soil material and support little or no vegetation. Such and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea-
places are called miscellaneous areas; they are delineated tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten-
on the soil map and given descriptive names. Rock out- tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid
crop is an example. Some of these areas are too small to permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic
be delineated and are identified by a special symbol on tank absorption fields function properly,but in places the
the soil map. substratum does not contain enough fines to properly
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8 SOIL SURVEY
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer,make up about 35 percent. About 5
Its irrigated. percent is Aquepta and Bankard sandy loam.
2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the
feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al-
rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying
show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches.In places they have a gleyed layer in the
Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material.
brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water
and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and recedes
about 14 inches thick.The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years.
sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat.
Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops.
Surface runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass,
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent.
ing corn,sugar beets, beans,alfalfa, small grain,potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in
and onions.An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 favorable 2,000 to years
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, pounds in unfavorable years. As
e r beets, small range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass,e and alkali
olio grain, lie beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton,edge, and western wheatgraas decrease and saltgrass,
lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge,and rush increase.
water application.
Ail methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Management of vegetation should be based on taking
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
half and leaving half of the total annual production.Seed-
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac-
Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and Cites are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod.
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tall
wheatgrass,and tall fescue are suitable for seeding.They
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
vegetation should be continued for as many years as can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seedbed
possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and preparation usually requires more than I year to
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used.
redcedar,ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive,and Seeding early in spring has proven most successful.
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl,utilize this unit.
The wetland plants provide nesting and protective rover,lilac,Siberian peashrub,and American plum.
This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, cotton- where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec-
tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, openland wildlife.
especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and Openland wildlife,especially pheasant,use this unit for
undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some
dlife populations. areas.
This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from
and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fee- fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by
tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- livestock.They should not be drained.
tint of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid These soils have good potential as a source of sand and
permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic gravel.Capability subclass VIw;Salt Meadow range site.
tank absorption fields function properly,but in places the 4—Aquolls and Aquepta, flooded. This nearly level
substratum does not contain enough fines to properly map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require Sealing. bottoms of natural drainagewaya throughout the survey
Lawns, shrubs, and trees row well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer,
Ile irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepta, which
3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25
nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained
of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of
which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface.
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Typically the surface layer of this Colombo soil is dark Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.The
grayish brown clay loam about 14 inches thick.The upper cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
7 inches of the underlying material is pale brown pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratified clay loam and loam. The lower part to a depth be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
of 60 inches is very pale brown loam stratified with thin cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is omen-
lenses of fine sand,medium sand,and clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. land wildlife, for example,the pronghorn antelope,can be
Surface runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is low. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed.
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, Where this soil is on flood plains and is susceptible to
beans,alfalfa, small grain,potatoes,and onions. An exam- flooding, it has poor potential for urban and recreational
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa development. On the higher terraces, potential is fair.
followed by corn,corn for silage,sugar beets,small grain, Dwelling and road designs may need to be modified to
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing compensate for the limited capacity of this soil to support
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. a load and to protect it against frost action Capability
subclass He irrigated, Hie nonirrigated; Clayey Plains
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- range site.
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 21—Dacono clay loam,0 to 1 percent elopes.'This is a
deep, well ll
drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,650
In nonirrigated areas this soil is well suited to winter
wheat,barley,and sorghum if it is summer fallowed in al- mappingto 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed nalarrow
areas Included in
ternateyears. Winter wheat is the are small,d long ma vele areas of sand and
principal crop. The gravel deposits and some small leveled areas
predicted average yield is 33 bushels per acre. If the crop Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray-
is winterkilled, spring wheat can be seeded. Generally ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick The subsoil is
precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick.The sub-
Stubble mulch farming,striperopping,and minimum til- stratum is very gravelly sand.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Permeability is moderately slow. Available water
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. capacity is moderate.The effective rooting depth is 20 to
The potential native vegetation is dominated by 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard
western wheatgrass. Blue grama, switchgrass, sand is low.
reedgraas, big bluestem, slender wheatgrass, indiangrass, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
and green needlegrass are also present.Potential produc- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area,includ-
tion ranges from 1,000 pounds per acre in favorable years ing corn,sugar beets,beans,alfalfa,small grain,potatoes,
to 600 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition and onions.An example of a suitable cropping system in 3
deteriorates, the tall grasses decrease, blue grama and to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
buffalograss increase, and forage production drops. Un- sugar beets, small grain, or beans.Generally,such chant-
desirable weeds and annuals invade the site and erosion teristies as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable
can occur as range condition becomes poorer. substratum slightly restrict some crops.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water
tion Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. management is essential. Barnyard manure and common
grsas, sand reed s,
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
Western wheatgrass, switch
sideoats grama, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
wheatgrass,and blue grama are suitable for seeding.The shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
vegetation should be continued for an many years as
livestock. It can be seeded into a firm prepared seedbed.
nd
A grass drill should be used. Seeding early in spring has possible e goodfo survival v p are Rocky Trees that are best suited, ast eastern
proven most successful. redcehave ponderosa
are e Mountain juniper, eastern
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and hackberry.
ponderosa pine,Siberian elm, Russian-olive,and
hlac,Siberian
The shrubs best suited are plum.
cash sumac,
shrubs commonly grown in the area.are generally well lilac,Siberian peashrub,and American plum.
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
vegetation should be continued for as many years as and cottontail are best suited to this soil.Wildlife habitat
possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and development, including tree and shrub plantings and
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be sue-
redcedar,ponderosa pine,Siberian elm, Russian-olive,and cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, rigation,good wildlife habitat can be established, benefit-
lilac,Siberian peashrub,and American plum. ing,many kinds of openland wildlife.
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18 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
tional development. Above the sand and ravel sub- most successful.
stratum the soil has moderate to high shrink swell, low Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
strength, and moderately slow permeability. These fea- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
twee create problems in dwelling and road construction. suited to this soil Cultivation to control competing
Excessive permeability in the substratum can cause con- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
tamination of the ground water supply from septic tank possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and
leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. Capability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper,
tern
subclass Its irrigated. redcedar,ponderosa pine,Siberian elm,Russian-olive,and
22—Dacono clay loam, I to 3 percent slopes.This is a hackberry.The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 lilac,Siberian peashrub,and American plum.
to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and and cottontail,are best suited to this soil.Wildlife habitat
gravel deposits and some small leveled areas. development, including tree and shrub plantings and
Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray- grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be sue-
ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick.The subsoil is cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- rigation, good wildlife habitat can established, benefiting
stratum is very gravelly sand. many kinds of openland wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, for
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to developing livestock watering facilities, managing
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed.
hazard is low. This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea-
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, stratum the soil has a moderate to high shrink-swell
beans,alfalfa,small grain,potatoes, and onions.An exam- potential,low strength,and moderately slow permeability.
pie of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa These features create problems in dwelling and road con-
followed by corn,corn for silage,sugar beets,small grain, struction. Excessive permeability in the substratum can
or beans. Generally, such characteristics as a high clay cause contamination of the ground water supply from
content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly septic tank leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined.
restrict some crops. Capability subclass Ile irrigated, tilt nonirrigated;
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 23—Fort Collins loam,0 to 1 percent slopes.This is a
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. elevations of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium
In nonirrigated areas moat of the acreage is in small modified by thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are
grain and is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter some small leveled areas and few small areas of a soil
wheat is the principal crop.The predicted average yield is that is calcareous at the surface.
33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is
wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low grayish brown loam about 10 inches thick The subsoil is
for beneficial use of fertilizer. brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 20
Stubble mulch farming,striperopping,and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is
loge are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. fine sandy loam.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds Surface runoff is slow,and the erosion hazard is low.
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area,includ-
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- ing corn,sugar beets,beans,alfalfa,small grain,potatoes,
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and onions.An example of a suitable cropping system is 8
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- sugar beets,small grain,or beans.Few conservation prac-
tion.Range pitting can help in reducing runoff.Seeding is tices are needed to maintain top yields.
desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
wheatgrass,blue grams,sideoats grams,buffalograss,pu- rigation is the most common.Barnyard manure and com-
bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal Windbreaks and environmental nplan geneof rally s and
requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, shrubs commonly grown
firm sorghum stubble or it can be drilled into a firm suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
r.,
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WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 35
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade ditches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close
the site as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum
tion.Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats taming fertility is important. Crops respond to applia-
grams, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
be seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grams,
into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
proven most successful. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors-
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates,the sand bluestem,sand reedgrass,
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease,and blue grama,sand dropseed,
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase.Annual weeds and grasses invade
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer.
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
periods.Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion.Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,lilac,and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
an peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean,firm sorghum stubble,or it can be
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful.
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
agriculture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods.Trees that are best suited and have good survival
moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper,eastern redcedar,ponderosa
causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,lilac,and Siberi-
Capability subclass !Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
52—Otero sandy loam,3 to 5 percent slopes.This is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture.
shale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
sandy loam about 10 inches thick.The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational
to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
sandy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
more.Surface runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is subclass file irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
low. range site.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 53—Otero sandy loam,5 to 9 percent slopes.This is a
is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
r..
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