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Home My WebLink About20053050.tiff Non Technical Soil Description(s) (NASIS derived) Soil Survey Area C0618 Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part Mapunit: 69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Soil Component Name: Valent 90%of the mapunit Slope range(%): 0 to 3 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Excessively drained Permeability: Rapid Available water capacity class: Very low Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 2.6 Land capability subclass,non-irrigated: 6e Land capabdity subclass,irrigated: 4e Ecological Site: Sands Runoff class: Very low Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency: None Other restrictions(in): NA - Horizon Information Depth(in) Textures pH range Sodium Salinity(mmhoslcml H1 0 - 8 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - FS fine sand FS fine sand H2 8 - 60 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - S sand S sand pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 Sightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.47.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0.2 non saline;2-4 very slightly same;4-8 Sightly saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. r Wednesday,March 30,2005 Non Technical Soil Description(NASIS derived) Page 1 of 6 2005-3050 Mapunit: 70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes Soil Component Name: Valent 95%of the mapunit Slope range(%): 3 to 9 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Excessively drained Permeability: Rapid Available water capacity class: Very low Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 2.6 Land capability subclass,non-irrigated: 6e Land capability subclass,irrigated: 4e Ecological Site: DEEP SANDS Runoff class: Low Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency: None Other restrictions(in): NA Horizon Information Depth(inl Textures pH ranee Sodium Salinity(mmhos/cm). HI 0 - 8 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - FS fine sand FS fine sand H2 8 - 60 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - S sand S sand pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 slightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.47.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0-2 non saline;2-4 very slightly sahne;4-8 slightly ry g ly saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. Wednesday,March 30,2005 Non Technical Soil Description(NASIS derived) Page 2 of 6 Mapunit: 71 Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes Soil Component Name: Valent 60%of the mapunit Slope range(%): 3 to 9 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Excessively drained Permeability: Rapid Available water capacity class: Very low Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 2.6 Land capability subclass,non-irigated: 6e Land capabliy subclass,irrigated: 4e Ecological Site: Choppy Sands Runoff class: Low Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency None Other restrictions(in): NA Horizon Information Depth(int Textures pH ranoe Sodium Salinity(mmhoslcmj HI 0 - 8 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - FS fine sand H2 8 - 60 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - S sand pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 slightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.47.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0-2 non saline;2-4 very slightly seine;4-8 slightly saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. r Wednesday,March 30,2005 Non Technical Soil Description(NA MS derived) Page 3 of 6 Soil Component Name: Loup 35%of the mapunit Slope range(%): 0 to 3 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Poorly drained Permeability: Moderately rapid Available water capacity class: Low Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 5.2 Land capability subclass,non-irrigated: 6w Land capabiity subclass,irrigated: 4w Ecological Site: Sandy Meadow Runoff class: Very high Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency: None Other restrictions(in): NA Horizon Information Depth(in) Textures pH range Sodium Salinity(mmhos/cm) H1 0 - 16 7.9 - 8.4 NA - NA - LS loamy sand H2 16 - 40 7.9 - 8.4 NA - NA - LS loamy sand H3 40 - 60 7.9 - 8.4 NA - NA - SL sandy loam pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 slightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.4-7.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0-2 non saline;2-4 very slightly seine;4-8 slghty saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. Wednesday,March 30,2005 Non Technical Soil Description(NASIS derived) Page 4 of 6 Mapunit: 72 Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Soil Component Name: Vona 85%of the mapunit Slope range(16): 0 to 3 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately rapid Available water capacity class: Moderate Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 6.5 Land capability subclass,non-irigated: 4e Land capability subclass,irrigated: 3e Ecological Site: Sandy Runoff class: Very low Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency: None Other restrictions(in): NA Horizon Information Deoth(in). Textures pH range Sodium Salinity(aunties/cm} Ht 0 - 6 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - LS loamy sand LS loamy sand H2 6 - 28 6.6 - 8.4 NA - NA - SL sandy loam FSL fine sandy loam FSL fine sandy loam SL sandy loam �... 113 28 - 60 7.9 - 9 NA - NA- SL sandy loam LS loamy sand LS loamy sand LFS loamy fine sand LFS loamy fine sand SL sandy loam pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 slightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.4-7.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0-2 non saline;2-4 very slightly saline;4-8 slightly saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. Wednesday,March 30,2005 Non Technical Soll Description(NASIS derived) Page 5 of 6 Mapunit: 73 Vona loamy sand, 3 to$ percent slopes Soil Component Name: Vona 85%of the mapunit Slope range(%): 3 to 5 Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately rapid Available water capacity class: Moderate Average total available water in top five feet(in.): 6.5 Land capability subclass,non-irrigated: 4e Land capability subclass,irrigated: 3e Ecological Site: Sandy Runoff class: Very low Depth to seasonal high water table: NA - Flooding frequency: None Other restrictions(in): NA Horizon Information Depth(inl Textures pH range Sodium Salinity(mmhoslcml Ht 0 - 6 6.6 - 7.8 NA - NA - LS loamy sand LS loamy sand H2 6 - 28 6.6 - 8.4 NA - NA - SL sandy loam SL sandy loam FSL fine sandy loam FSL fine sandy loam H3 28 - 60 7.9 - 9 NA - NA- IFS loamy fine sand SL sandy loam SL sandy loam LS loamy sand LS loamy sand LFS loamy fine sand pH classes:3.5-4.4 extremely acid;4.5-5.0 very strongly acid;5.1-5.5 strongly acid;5.6-6.0 moderately acid; 6.1-6.5 slightly acid;6.6-7.3 neutral;7.4-7.8 slightly alkaline;7.9-8.4 moderately alkaline;8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline;>9.0 very strongly alkaline. Salinity classes(if applicable):0-2 non saline;2-4 very slightly saline;4-8 slightly saline;8-16 moderately saline;>=16 saline. r-. Wednesday,March 30,2006 Non Technical Soli Description(MASTS derived) Page 6 of 6 ) SHEET NO. 30 WELD COUNTY,COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART (FORT LUPTON QUADRANGLE) } 0445' 400730" Y;. 21 / , 46 .' 'k'''tl � y6 .. " �, 70 nlak.'i-i6 I) 7� aill _ kA 20 ., * , ; ;{gyp; $ . ss 1 t*.iti.rctA a ,�.. !$ ! •: .,;,,',[------',1.96_. ,,,p U� t y +� 71.......?,,,..„.„.,-,;,..,,, ..., ..d,gaits . i. >vFnR t t 1 E3 i. 1 � , p �^ri ar r� ( � 'k .k.:.L 0.4 -Jr-� 'v i�� y. '�-` � i�X M } ' ;3`4' ° � T.144411,,Itiii t l,, s 8 Pv.. i S 29 * v-. rvmow^ c g - Y # ys' #751411 +is as L. ,nxr . saw . ,.,a . ...'r.,n �: yy��yyyqqq��a ' ,„ i jj $�{$47 k y . d13 vi.:l '1( 76 _ 3S r5 1 61 " a ��. . '` r. 70 2 44 29 k" X70 g =,,,.Jr u . �� 72 / 32 399 33 0 0 11 y x. . 34 35 R ;011' tfAil) rta 51 72 44 p`mt-fir 70 69 6 t x •. 47 70 - a 30 SOIL SURVEY "0"- Permeability is moderately slow. Available water In irrigated areas this soil is suited tote crops corn- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of low the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- irrigating crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or and cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprin- close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of kler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in minimum and utilizing crop residue help to control ero- irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- sion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond to tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- barley, and sorghum. Most of the the acreage is planted trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. bushels per acre. The soil is usually summer fallowed in In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. The potential native vegetation on this range site is Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue lage are needed to control soil blowing. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, may be needed at the time of planting and during dry and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival the site as range condition becomes poorer. are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. an peashrub. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected game species can be attracted by establishing areas for should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive spring has proven most successful. agriculture. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Few areas of this Nunn soil are in major growth and suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in urbanized centers. The sandy surface layer,d the moderate establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- rare shrink-swell potential in the subsoil,reek and theth hazard of tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of rare flooding along Boxt. Creek are ub chief s limit- vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation rigg features for development. Capability subclass IIIe ir- g rigated, IVe nonirrigated. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a Periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Included in mapping are some small leveled areas. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand an peashrub. about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The very pale brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. cropland areas provide and mourning ve favorable able habitat a itat for species can ring-necked y The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale pheasant brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape , Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be • ,., 32 SOIL SURVEY are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of 47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil. followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site. barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or 44 SOIL SURVEY to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low. too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama, The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi- per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops. vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical. if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible. ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and habitat on these soils. Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa- vegetation should be continued for as many years as possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel have Breaks range site. �.. good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, •edcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Wildlife is an im ortant secondary mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a p use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. 68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin- escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar- formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production. have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten- .-about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in f 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45 range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, "" .oestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten- ge increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range. between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible. ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. „pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs, attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges, and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per- lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu- shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes. 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand. depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low. depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light mow. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam. 46 SOIL SURVEY Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick. moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low. dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential .-. grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer. pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful. to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can I WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can ^ tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can he ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a fin-n prepared seedbed. Seeding early in land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have hazard of ground water contamination from sewage lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass Tile redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian I 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. '.. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water contamination from sewage hazard is low. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non- Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches. used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish tain good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub- ; The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer. Hello