HomeMy WebLinkAbout20071339.tiff WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 25
can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is
drilling on the contour minimize runoff and soil losses. moderate. The water table is usually about 24 to 36 inches
ca"--ding early in spring has proven most successful. below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
indbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard is low.
well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland.
vegetation should be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the salts accumulation.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops.
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The forage produced.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem,
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass, slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produc-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, deteriorates, the switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt-
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational grass, blue grama, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in-
development. Increased population growth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The range condition becomes poorer.
chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based
construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
community sewage systems should be provided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western
population density increases. Because of the permeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter-
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants
is, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
I,. irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared
This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass IVw irrigated, VIw nonirriated;
to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site.
sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes.
about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This moderately sloping to strongly sloping map unit is on
slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills and ridges at elevations of 5,050 to 5,250 feet.
of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway soil makes up about 50 percent of the unit,
and Valent sand. and the Shingle soil about 35 percent. About 15 percent is
The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loam and Tassel fine sandy loam. The Mid-
sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs from the Shingle soil in having more than
grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the underlying material.
The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed
brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface
depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brown clay about 7 inches thick. The
loam.
underlying is light brownish gray Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick. Depth to clay about
to calcareous claye s shale is about 13
moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is slow. Available water caleity is low.
Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Surface ru-
The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate to high.
formed in stratified sandy alluvium. Typically the surface The Shingle soil also is shallow and well drained and
blayer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the
eunderlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick.
and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underlying material is light yellowish brown clay
sa loam about 12 inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey
2007-1339
30 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa o
or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent c
low. the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used i
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- irrigating crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrow:
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or and cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprir
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of kler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in minimum and utilizing crop residue help to control en
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- sion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond t
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter whea
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- barley, and sorghum. Most of the the acreage is plante
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 2
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. bushels per acre. The soil is usually summer fallowed i
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generall
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum ti
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosom
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
The potential native vegetation on this range site i
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
lage are needed to control soil blowing. dominated byNeedleandthread,sand bluestem, sand reed grass, and blu
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generallygrama.western switchgrass, inent.ts gram:
and wheatgrass are also prominent. Potentk
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in production ranges from pounds
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- g 2,200 per acre in favors
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of ble years to Irior pounds in unfavorable years. ee rang
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand dropses;
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand es invad
e:
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses inv
'�" are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Management of vegetation on this soil should be base
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produ:
an peashrub. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor conditioi
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoat
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and creste
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selecte
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It ca
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can b
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early i
agriculture. spring has proven most successful.
Few areas of this Nunn soil are in major growth and Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generall
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard i urbanized centers. The sandy surface layer, the moderate
shrink-swell potential in the subsoil, and the hazard of establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cu
rare flooding along Box Elder Creek are the chief limit- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip c
ing features for development. Capability subclass life ir- vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigatio
rigated, IVe nonirrigated. may be needed at the time of planting and during dr
44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a Periods. Trees that are best suited and have good surviv:
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderos
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. Th
Included in mapping are some small leveled areas. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siber
Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand an peashrub.
about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Th
very pale brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necke
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species ca
brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escap
Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is esset
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develol
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Rang(
low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can b
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 31
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
managing livestock grazing and reseeding where needed. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
soil has good potential for urban development. The vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
on., .,miting feature is the moderately rapid permeability may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
face layer is a limitation for recreational development. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Included be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and shale within a depth of 60 inches and some small tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
leveled areas. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yel- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
lowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam about managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is This soil has good potential for urban development. The
very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability
Permeability and available water capacity are in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard if face layer is a limitation for recreational development.
low. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, VI nonirrigated; Sandy
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or Plains range site.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.
the time. Close grown crops and pasture can be irrigated This is a deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at eleva-
witla contour ditches and corrugations. Furrows, contour tions of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash
ws, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- have a dark surface layer and some small leveled areas.
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility and organic matter con- brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil
tent is important. Crops respond to barnyard manure and is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam
commercial fertilizer. about 15 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60
The potential native vegetation on this range site is inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability and available water capacity are
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
the site as range condition becomes poorer. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tices are needed to maintain top yields.
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
be seeded into clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
spring has proven most successful. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
sated to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
32 SOIL SURVEY
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As rang(
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invad(
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be base(
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor conditior
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoat
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet th
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded int
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring ha
development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful.
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generall
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard i
lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cu
class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip (
47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigatio
This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dr
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good surviv:
Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderos
dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. Th
eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siber
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub.
brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. '11
is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necke
about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species ca
inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escal
Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essel
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develo]
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Rang
low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can 1
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilitie
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding an
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney so
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreation
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderate
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes
methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewai
the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capabili
tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plai
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slop(
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposi
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that ha
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayi
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The su
The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine san
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity a
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 33
mpc@. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
i„ irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil.
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- The soil has good potential for urban and recreational
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 25 bushels well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,680 to
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,900 feet. It formed in eolian sands. Included in mapping
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is are small areas of soils that have a subsoil within 20
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. inches of the surface. Also included are small areas of
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- soils that have a loam and sandy clay loam subsoil.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Osgood soil is gray-
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. ish brown sand about 22 inches thick. The subsoil is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is brown sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loamy sand and
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, sand.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As condi- inches or more. Surface runoff is very slow, and the ero-
tion deteriorates, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and sion hazard is low.
s.-&chgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, and This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
site as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can sprinklers should be used for new crops. Applications of
he seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion.
spring has proven most successful. The potential vegetation on this soil is dominated by
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama.
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival bluestem decrease; forage production drops; and sand
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- becomes poorer.
an peashrub. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
'r. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
and should be included in plans for habitat develop- blowing, the grasses should be seeded with an interseeder
84 SOIL SURVEY
or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
early in spring has proven most successful. Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
peashrub. for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees row well.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Capability subclass IIs irrigated.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
permeability in the substratum, whien causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying material.
recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about
Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
Sand range site. inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam.
50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low.
have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land
12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be
inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application.
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also
substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 35
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour
aud_sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade ditches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close
ite as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and
management of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum
Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats taining fertility is important. Crops respond to applica-
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
be seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
proven most successful. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease, and blue grama, sand dropseed,
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer.
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
an peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful.
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
.iculture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass tile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture.
shale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational
to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
sandy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is subclass tile irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
low, range site.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 53—Otero sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
i
f
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
.be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
er. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
nal and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
"`-acity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
hes or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cro in Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
PP g' the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
taro good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
dma, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
48 SOIL SURVEY
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected madry be yperiods.necTressary
at thahe t tree of plan suig and during the
ted and have good
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can survivalare Rocky Mountain bjest
suit and redcedar,
drilledbe seeded into a clean, firmsorghum eb d. Sble,eed ong it can ineponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and spng into a firm most successful.uc seedbed. Seeding early in ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and
hackber-
spring has proven v Siberian peashrub.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
planted nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
agriculture.
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
peashrub. stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIs
geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can irrigated.
be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare-
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage out to a depth of 60 inches.
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub-
75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com-
brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed for proper water applications.
hazard is low. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and during dry
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
izer are needed for top yields. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
'Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
,pland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successful.
development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
irrigated; IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
77—Vona sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi-
depth of 60 inches. an peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
brown fine sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
-hes or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
..azard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale
Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches
needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam.
ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
The potential native vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
--condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
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