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18 SOIL SURVEY
.1 This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub- most successful.
stratum the soil has moderate to high shrink swell, low Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
strength, and moderately slow permeability. These fea- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
tures create problems in dwelling and road construction. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
Excessive permeability in the substratum can cause con- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
tamination of the round water supply from septic tank possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. Capability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
subclass IIs irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
22—Dacono clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and and cottontail, are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat
gravel deposits and some small leveled areas. development, including tree and shrub plantings and
Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray- grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc-
ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- rigation, good wildlife habitat can established, benefiting
stratum is very gravelly sand. many kinds of openland wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, for
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to developing livestock watering facilities, managing
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
hazard is low. This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea-
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub-
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, stratum the soil has a moderate to high shrink-swell
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- potential, low strength, and moderately slow permeability.
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa These features create problems in dwelling and road con-
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, struction. Excessive permeability in the substratum can
or beans. Generally, such characteristics as a high clay cause contamination of the ground water supply from
content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly septic tank leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined.
restrict some crops. Capability subclass Ile irrigated, IIIc nonirrigated;
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 23—Fort Collins loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. elevations of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium
In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small modified by thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are
grain and is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter some small leveled areas and few small areas of a soil
wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is that is calcareous at the surface.
33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is
wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low grayish brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
for beneficial use of fertilizer. brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 20
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. fine sandy loam.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
western wheatgrass and blue grams. Buffalograss is also high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding is tices are needed to maintain top yields.
desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pu- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
r.. for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
firm sorghum stubble or it can be drilled into a firm suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 19
floatation should be continued for as many years as Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
p de following planting. Trees that are best suited and on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape proven most successful.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational vegetation should be continued for as many years as
development. Road design can be modified to compensate possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
for the limited capacity of this soil to support a load. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
Capability class I irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
24—Fort Collins loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces and plains at elevations lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium modified by Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
areas and few small areas of a soil that is calcareous at pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
the surface. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
grayish brown loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 17 ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
fine sandy loam. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
'meability is moderate. Available water capacity is managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
hib the effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development. Road design can be modified to compensate
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- for the limited capacity of this soil to support a load.
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, Capability subclass Ile irrigated, IVc nonirrigated;
beans (fig. 5), alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An Loamy Plains range site.
example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of 25—Haverson loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small deep, well drained soil on low terraces and flood plains at
grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing elevations of 4,500 to 4,800 feet. It formed in stratified
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. calcareous alluvium. Included in mapping are small areas
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- of soils that have fine sandy loam and sandy loam under-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- lying material and small areas of soils that have sand and
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. gravel above 40 inches.
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, Typically the surface layer of this Haverson soil is
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to grayish brown loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loam
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years stratified with thin lenses of loamy sand and clay loam.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. soil is subject to flooding.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
grams. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, and
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years onions.
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
roo8ss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
a
.age production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are well
nua,0 invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. suited to this soil. Flooding and moisture competition
20 SOIL SURVEY
from grass and weeds are the principal hazards in tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years
establishing tree and shrub plantings. Summer fallowing a to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
year in advance in nonirrigated areas and continued cul- deteriorates, the tall grasses decrease, blue grama and
tivation for weed control are needed to insure establish- buffalograss increase, and forage production drops. Un-
ment and survival of plantings. Supplemental irrigation desirable weeds and annuals invade the site and erosion
may be needed. Trees that are best suited and have good can occur as range condition becomes poorer.
survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
ponderosa pine, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The shrubs on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
and American plum. Western wheatgrass, switchgrass, sand reedgrass,
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The sideoats grama, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked wheatgrass, and blue grama are suitable for seeding. The
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape livestock. It can be seeded into a firm prepared seedbed.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- A grass drill should be used. Seeding early in spring has
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- proven most successful.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are well
This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreational suited to this soil. Flooding and moisture competition
development because of the susceptibility to flooding. from grass and weeds are the principal hazards in
Capability subclass IIw irrigated. establishing tree and shrub plantings. Summer fallowing a
26—Haverson loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a year in advance in nonirrigated areas and continued cul-
deep, well drained soil on low terraces and flood plains at tivation for weed control are needed to insure establish-
elevations of 4,500 to 4,800 feet. It formed in stratified ment and survival of plantings. Supplemental irrigation
calcareous alluvium. Included in mapping are small areas val are may be needed. Trees that are best suited and have good
of soils that have fine sandy loam and sandy loam under- survi
lying material and small areas of soils that have sand and ponderosa pi Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
ne, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The shrubs
gravel within a depth of 40 inches. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub,
Typically the surface layer of this Haverson soil is and American plum.
grayish brown loam about 4 inches thick. The underlying Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loam
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratified with thin lenses of loamy sand and clay loam.
is
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
Surface is low. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
In irrigated areas this soil is to all com- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
manly grown in the area, including suited corn, crops op beets, attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreational
pie of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa development because of the susceptibility to flooding.
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, Capability subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated;
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing Loamy Plains range site.
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. 27—He1dt silty clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- deep, moderately well drained soil on plains at elevations
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- of 4,950 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvial sediment
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. derived from shale. Included in mapping are small areas
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, of soils that have a clay loam or silt loam subsoil and sub-
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to stratum.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray and
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years light yellowish brown silty clay about 7 inches thick. The
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is subsoil is light brownish gray silty clay about 27 inches
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silty clay.
Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by In irrigated areas this soil is suited to crops commonly
western wheatgrass. Blue grama, switchgrass, sand grown in the area, such as corn, sugar beets, beans, alfal-
reedgrass, big bluestem, slender wheatgrass, indiangrass, fa, and small grain. The high clay content generally
and green needlegrass are also present. Potential produc- restricts some crops.
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
• grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a
to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47 I'
be "-acted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
cos ?or pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- he seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
Ievelopment. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
Irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
Jeep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
calms is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
/inch,.., or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cro in Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
pp g' the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
propping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ased in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
:ain good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
lominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
;Tama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
)roduction ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
)le years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
Condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
he site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
in taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
ion-"ceding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
/Western, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Crania, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
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