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United States Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
in cooperation with
Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
2006-1252
ui
R.64 R.66 W.
P.65 W.
I (8.5 VP
N I BANK V
I BLACK P
HOLLOW �,1, CR.R �• I T.e Nt 14 , .
RESERVOIR e�
Each area 01
4p •
more Than or
t•
• meant forge,
;-_ ' Ault , 12
for decisions
H I Sp e sz0 > o
D IZ i WINRES.DSOR Qo P.63 W.
B.N.
O g Woods A1�Eeton OGalleton 392
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W I\. C�CyE'i�\ `12 FIVER taaav� PACIFICjC e.mevm:
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r - — i-- I 5 `�: 2 ' •LATT r®1� l2 �
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LATHAM � \ �T
"- �p -� RESERVOIR
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4 I I MILT°• �S
5 RES. rr 8
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Zone r *I.1 9 M ip
/
F I 4 5 f, 5
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O Frederick
� _ �eacono 2� orttuotoa • 3 � 11 Ilkt
4 �� - •.— �t
nz± ic:4Iif? :
: :J! 11'
-
in 65 'CI6 ADAMS COUNTY
6
ion fhV ,consists of
/of so, map is thus MAP UNITS
Panning tether than a basis
e use of specific tracts.
Midway-Shingle: Shallow, moderately sloping to strongly
1 sloping, well drained clays and loans formed in residuum
from calcareous shale
o w 2 Ulm-Nunn: Deep, level to gently sloping, well drained clay
R.61 w looms and looms formed in alluvial and eolian deposits
!`..3: Weld-Colby- Deep, nearly level to moderately sloping, well
- _ drained looms formed in calcareous eolian deposits
Wiley-Colby-Weld: Deep, nearly level to moderately sloping,
4 ... well drained silt Ioams and beams formed in calcareous eolian
ao°3o
5 I— deposits
Olney-Kim-Otero: Deep, nearly level to moderately sloping,
' T.6 N. 5 well drained sandy foams and foams formed in mixed alluvium
and eolian deposits
Otero-Thedalund-Nelson: Deep and moderately deep/nearly
6 level to moderately sloping,well drained sandy loans and clay
beams formed in alluvium and eolian deposits and in residuum
from shale and sandstone
Tassel-Thedalund-Terry: Shallow to moderately deep,gently
7 sloping to strongly sloping,well drained sandy loans to clay
loans formed in residuum from sandstone and shale
T.5 N.
Valent-Vona-Osgood:Deep,nearly level to moderately sloping,
8 well drained to excessively drained sands and sandy loams
formed in eolian deposits
RIVERSIDE
RESERVOIR Aquolls-Aquents-Bankard:Deep,level and nearly level,poorly
9 drained and somewhat excessively drained loamy soils and
sandy loans formed in alluvium
I
8
Loup-Boel: Deep, level and nearly level, somewhat poorly
.� • n. drained and poorly drained loamy sands formed in sandy
I ^ alluvium
V T.4 N.
11 Nunn-Haverson: Deep, level and nearly level, well drained
foams and clay beams formed in alluvium
\ 34
EMPIRE 12. Nunn-Daconos and l Deep, level and nearly level, well
CANAL RES drained loans and clay learns formed in alluvium
10 13 Julesburg-Bresser:Deep,level and nearly level,well drained
-40°15' sandy Ioams formed in alluvium
•
F •
T.3 N.
•The terms for texture used in the descriptive heading apply to the
8 / surface layer of the major soils.
i r
-- Compiled 1979
fORTFENN
G
I °
Z
/11 ' ca7 T.2 N. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5 I a SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
' g 1 2 COLORADO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
5. GENERAL SOIL MAP
3 5 WELD COUNTY,COLORADO,SOUTHERN PART
T.1 N.
3 Scala k318.800
11 3 I 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Milos
liiil 11 1 I I
- - — - — 1 —— 40.00•
•
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
WELD COUNTY, SOUTHERN PART, CC
•
SOIL LEGEND
i
SYMBOL NAME SYMBOL NAME
•
�� Altvan loam,D to I percent slopes 44
Altvan loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 45 Olney loamy sand.I to 3 percent slopes CULTURAL FE,
Olney loamy sand,3 l0 5 percent slopes •
a /Squalls and Aquents.gravelly substratum 46 Olney fine sandy loam,0 to I percent slopes •
4 Aquolls and Aquepts,flooded 47 Olney line sandy loam.Ito 3 percent slopes 5 Ascalon sandy loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 48BOUNDARIES
percent slopes 49 Olney Sand.
sandy. to loam.percent
3 to 5 percent slopes
6 Ascalon sandy loam,3 to 5 Osgood sand.0 3 percent slopes •
7 Ascalon sandy loam,5 to 9 percent slopes SO Otero sandy loam.0 to I percent slopes National.stale or province
8 Ascalon loam.0 to I percent slopes 51 Otero sandy loam,I to 3 percent slopes
9 Ascalon loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 52 Otero sandy loam,3 to 5 percent slopes
53 Otero sandy loam.5 to 9 percent slopes County or Parish
10 Bankard sandy loam,0 to 3 percent slopes
I I Bresser sandy loam.0 to I percent slopes 54 Paoli loam,0 to I percent slopes Minor civil division
12 Bresser sandy loam. I to 3 percent slopes 55 Paoli loam. I to 3 percent slopes
13 Cascalo gravelly sandy loam.5 to 20 percent slopes 56 Renohill clay loam,0 to 3 percent slopes Reservation(national Wrest or
14 Colby loam,0 to I percent slopes 57 Renohill clay loam,3 to 9 percent slopes stale forest or park,
15 Colby loam,1 to 3 percent slopes
16 Colby loam.3 to 5 percent slopes 58 Shingle loam,I to 3 and large airport)
I7 Colby loam.5 to 9 percent slopespercent slopes
59 Shingle loam.3 to 9 percent slopes
19 ColbrAdena looms,3 to 9 percent slopes 60 Shingle-Renmh4l complex. 9 Pe 3 to 9 percent slopes Land grant
cla
y Colombo clay loam,0 to 1 percent slopes
- 20 Colombo clay loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 61 Tassel ne sandy loam.5 to 20 percent slopes Limit of soil survey(label)
62 Terry fine sandy-loam.0 to 3 percent slopes
21_ Dacono clay loam.0 to I percent slopes 63 Tell-hag sandy loam.3 to 9 percent slopes
22 Dacono clay loam. Ito 3 percent slopes 64 Thedalund loam,I to 3 percent slopes Field sheet matchlme&nealhne
65 Thedalund loam.3 to 9 percent slopes
23 Fort Collins loam.010 I percent slopes
24 Fort Collins loam,I to 3 percent slopes 66 Ulm clay loam.0 to 3 percent slopes AD HOC BOUNDARY(label)
67 Ulm clay loam,3 to 5 percent slopes
25 Haverson loam.0 to I percent slopes 68 Uslic Torriodhents.moderately sleep Small airport.airfield.park,mill
26 Haverson loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
27 Heldt silty clay.1 to 3 percent slopes 69 Valent sand.0 to 3 percent slopes cemetery,or flood pool
28 Held!silty clay,3 to 5 percent slopes 70 Valent sand.3 to 9 percent slopes
•
71 Valent.Loup complex.0 to 9 percent slopes
29 Julesburg sandy loam,0 to 1 percent slopes 72 Vona loamy sand,0 to 3 percent slopes STATE COORDINATE TICK
30 Julesburg sandy ioam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 73 Vona loamy sand.3 10 5 percent slopes
74 Vona loamy sand.5 l0 9 percent slopes
31 Kim loam.0 to I percent slopes 75 Vona sandy loam.0 to 1 percent slopes LAND DIVISION CORNERS
32 Kim loam.I to 3 percent slopes 76 Vona sandy loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes (sections and land grants)
33 Kim loam,3 t0 5 percent slopes 77 Vona sandy loam.3 to 5 percent slopes ROADS 34 Kim loam,5 to 9 percent slopes
78 Weld loam.0 to I percent slopes i
35 Loup-Boel loamy sands.0 to 3 percent slopes 79 Weld loam.I to 3 percent slopes Divldetle ermit shown
.—� 80 Weld loam.3 to 5 percent slopes if scale permits);
Midway•Shingle complex.5 to 20 percent slopes 81 Wiley Colby complex.010 I percent slopes Other roads
82 Wiley-Colby complex. 1 l0 3 percent slopes
Nelson fine sandy loam,0 to 3 percent slopes 83 Wiley•Colby complex.3 to 5 percent slopes
38 Nelson line sandy loam.3 to 9 percent slopes Trail
39 Nunn loam.0 to 1 percent slopes
40 Nunn loam.1 to 3 percent slopes
41 Nunn clay loam,0 to I percent slopes ROAD EMBLEMS&DESIGNATIOI
42 Nunn pay loam.I to 3 percent slopes
43 Nunn loamy sandy.0 to 1 percent slopes • Interstate
Federal
State
County,farm or ranch
RAILROAD
POWER TRANSMISSION LINE
(normally not shown)
PIPE LINE
(normally not shown I
FENCE
(normally not shown)
LEVEES
Without road
With road
With railroad
DAMS
Large(to scale)
r.,
Medium or small
•
COLORADO COLORADO AGRICULTUr EXPERIMENT STATION
CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIAL
SYMBOLS LEGEND
=ATL"S SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR
SOIL SURVEY s.. ..__1- 1.??__
PITS SOIL DELINEATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Gravel pit X p.w.
ESCARPMENTS
Mine or quarry St Bedrock
(points down slope)
MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES Other than bedrock
(points down stone)
park. Farmstead.house • SHORT STEEP SLOPE
(omit in urban areas)
Church i GULLY .,�...,.....,.,�.,v..,,..
— — School I DEPRESSION OR SINK 0
Indian
Indian mound(label) nMound SOIL SAMPLE SITE Q
(normally not shown)
Tower
1e Located object(label) 0 MISCELLANEOUS
GAS
Tank(label) • Blowout v
:onoA,r.,r,P y+—j a
.,
held. r _ _ Wells.oil or gas A Clay spot X
Windmill It Gravelly spot =.
I
r'Kitchen midden Gumbo,slick or scabby spot(sodic) 0
Dumps and other similar —
non sod areas
Prominent hill or peak
r
•
Rock outcrop-ncludes sandstone and shale)
WATER FEATURES
Saline spot }
DRAINAGE
Sandy soot ,
•
..---_______
NS Perennial,double line
Severely eroded spot
Perennial,single line ..----------t
® _ Slide or slip(tips point upslope)
)
Intermittent `____
Stony spot,very stony spot 0 ED
0 Drainage end
® Canals or ditches
' I Double-line (label) c•.•.
. . . • . Drainage and/or irrigation —.y_
LAKES.PONDS AND RESERVOIRS
—.—.— Perennial L wafer (7€,
Intermittent `y n/ _ --
I'M IHuuui Hill MISCELLANEOUS WATER FEATURES
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHMI Marsh or swamp a4
HIIiii hurlinn
nnnnInInulnl S rin
r iinUin ennui P 6 0—
Well,artesian
Well,irrigation o
eater Wet Wet V'sp
C
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 17
Typically the surface layer of this Colombo soil is dark Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
yish brown clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
, inches of the underlying material is pale brown pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratified clay loam and loam. The lower part to a depth be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
of 60 inches is very pale brown loam stratified with thin cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
lenses of fine sand, medium sand, and clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
Where this soil is on flood plains and is susceptible to
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- flooding, it has poor potential for urban and recreational
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa development. On the higher terraces, potential is fair.
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, Dwelling and road designs may need to be modified to
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing compensate for the limited capacity of this soil to support
a load and to protect it against frost action. Capability
pipelines may be needed for proper water application.
subclass Ile irrigated, Me nonirrigated; Clayey Plains
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- range site.
21—Dacono day loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550
In nonirrigated areas this soil is well suited to winter
wheat, barley, and sorghum if it is summer fallowed in al- to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in
mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and
ternate years. Winter wheat is the principal crop. The
predicted average yield is 33 bushels gravel deposits and some small leveled areas.
per acre. If the crop Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray-
is winterkilled, spring wheat can be seeded. Generally ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is
precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub-
Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- stratum is very gravelly sand.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Permeability is moderately slow. Available water
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to
The he potential native vegetation is dominated by 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard
_stern wheatgrass. Blue grama, switchgrass, sand is low.
reedgrass, big bluestem, slender wheatgrass, indiangrass, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
and green needlegrass are also present. Potential produc- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
tion ranges from 1,000 pounds per acre in favorable years ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
to 600 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
deteriorates, the tall grasses decrease, blue grama and to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
buffalograss increase, and forage production drops. Un- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac-
desirable weeds and annuals invade the site and erosion teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable
can occur as range condition becomes poorer. substratum slightly restrict some crops.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer-
Western wheatgrass, switchgrass, sand reedgrass, cial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and sideoats grama, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate
wheatgrass, and blue grama are suitable for seeding. The shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
livestock. It can be seeded into a firm prepared seedbed.
possible e followingplanting.
A grass ren mosldrill
s should
bl used. Seeding early in spring has have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
pWindbreaks environmental plantings of trees and redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
shrubs commonly eaksandhackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
grown in the area are generally well lilac, Siberian peashrub,and American plum.
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
vegetation should be continued for as many years as and cottontail are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and development, including tree and shrub plantings and
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc-
Wcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
tberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, rigation, good wildlife habitat can be established, benefit-
s..ac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. ing, many kinds of openland wildlife.
18 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub- most successful.
stratum the soil has moderate to high shrink swell, low Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
strength, and moderately slow permeability. These fea- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
tures create problems in dwelling and road construction. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
Excessive permeability in the substratum can cause con- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
tamination of the ground water supply from septic tank possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. Capability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
subclass IIs irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
22—Dacono clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and and cottontail, are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat
gravel deposits and some small leveled areas. development, including tree and shrub plantings and
Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray- grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc-
ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- rigation, good wildlife habitat can established, benefiting
stratum is very gravelly sand. many kinds of openland wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, for
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to developing livestock watering facilities, managing
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
hazard is low. This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea-
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub-
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, stratum the soil has a moderate to high shrink-swell
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- potential, low strength, and moderately slow permeability.
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa These features create problems in dwelling and road con-
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, struction. Excessive permeability in the substratum can
or beans. Generally, such characteristics as a high clay cause contamination of the ground water supply from
content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly septic tank leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined.
restrict some crops. Capability subclass Ile irrigated, IIIc nonirrigated;
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 23—Fort Collins loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. elevations of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium
In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small modified by thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are
grain and is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter some small leveled areas and few small areas of a soil
wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is that is calcareous at the surface.
33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is
wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low grayish brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
for beneficial use of fertilizer. brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 20
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. fine sandy loam.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prae-
tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding is tices are needed to maintain top yields.
desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pu- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
firm sorghum stubble or it can be drilled into a firm suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
W. COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 27
Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for
sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material such recreational development as camp and picnic areas
is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at and playgrounds. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe
a.4epth of about 28 inches. nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
,rmeability is moderately rapid. Available water 39—Nunn loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping
sion hazard is moderate. are small, long and narrow areas of sand and This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive g -
deposits and small areas soil that are subject to occa occa-
cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping sional flooding. Some small leveled areas are also in-
system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- eluded.
falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to ir- Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish
rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. part of the substratum is light brownish Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced g gray clay loam.
The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy
contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin-
klers should be used for new crops. Applications of loam.
nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining Permeability capacityis hig is tive slow. depth
Available 60 inches
es
good produc-
tion. high. The effective rooting depth is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue low.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors-
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade tires are needed to maintain top yields.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
the site as range condition becomes poorer.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
""?king half and leaving half of the total annual produc- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
t . Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected vegetation should be continued for as many years as
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can Possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
redeedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush, lilac,
spring has proven most successful.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
not suited. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
plantings are feasible. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
cropland areas provide wildlife habitat for ring-necked be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength,
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and moderately slow permeability. These features create
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the
The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields
of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor and foundations. Some areas are adjacent to streams and
sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for are subject to occasional flooding. This soil has fair poten-
dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- tial for such recreational development as camp and picnic
tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated.
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