HomeMy WebLinkAbout20092710.tiff • •
USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
States Department of
• Agriculture and other Weld County ,v Federal agees, State
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2009-2710
Soil Map
• The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to helpthem understand,protect,or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning,onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
• Examples include soil quality assessments(http://soils.usda.gov/sql/)and certain
conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact
your local USDA Service Center(http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?
agency=nrcs)or your NRCS State Soil Scientist(http://soils.usda.gov/contact/
state_offices/).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads.Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service(NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation,genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
•
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• for communication of program information(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202)720-2600(voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination,write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call(800)795-3272
(voice)or(202)720-6382(TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
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Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 7
Soil Map 8
Legend 9
Map Unit Legend 10
Map Unit Descriptions 10
Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12
37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 12
49 Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 13
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 14
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes 14
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 15
References 17
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How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area.They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock.They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently,soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses(USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
• related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform,a soil scientist develops a concept,or model,of howthey were formed.Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless,these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship,are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties,the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes(units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy,the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. Alter the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
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Custom Soil Resource Report
• individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components;the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping,design of map units, complexity of the landscape,and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand,silt, clay, salt,and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
• measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests.Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area,they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit.Aerial photographs show trees,buildings,fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
• 6
• Custone Resource Report
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• • •
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOl) a) Very Stony Spot Map Scale:1:1730 if printed on A size(8.5"v 11")sheet.
Area of Interest(AOl) Wet Spot
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000.
Soils
A Other
Soil Map Units
Special Line Features Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map
Special Point Features Gully measurements.
k-r Blowout
•
Short Steep Slope Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
® Borrow Pit Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov
Other
• Clay Spot Coordinate System: UTM Zone 13N NAD83
Political Features
e Closed Depression Cites
OThis product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
X Gravel Pit PLSS Township and the version date(s)listed below.
• Gravelly Spot Range
PLSS Section Soil Survey Area: Weld County,Colorado,Southern Part
• Landfill Survey Area Data: Version 9,Feb 11,2008
Water Features
/t Lava Flow Oceans
Date(s)aerial images were photographed: 7/29/2005
• Marsh or swamp Streams and Canals
yr Mine or Quarry Transportation The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
® Miscellaneous Water a-t+ Rails imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor shifting
® Perennial Water ti Interstate Highways of map unit boundaries may be evident.
v Rock Outcrop . US Routes
+ Saline Spot Major Roads
Sandy Spot N Local Roads
• = Severely Eroded Spot
O Sinkhole
h Slide or Slip
% Sadie Spot
E Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Custom Soil Resource Report
• Map Unit Legend
Weld County,Colorado,Southern Part(CO618)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
37 Nelson fine sandy loam,0 to 3 0.3 1.8%
percent slopes
49 Osgood sand,0 to 3 percent slopes 0.0 0.3%
69 Valent sand,0 to 3 percent slopes 4.1 29.6%
70 Valent sand.3 to 9 percent slopes 0.4 2.9%
72 Vona loamy sand,0 to 3 percent 9.2 65.4%
slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 14.0 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
•
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape,
however,the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently,every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar,components.They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
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Custom Soil Resource Report
• classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer,all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
• miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
• Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part
37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation:4,800 to 5,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 145 to 190 days
Map Unit Composition
Nelson and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
Description of Nelson
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material:Residuum weathered from sandstone
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately low to high
(0.06 to 2.00 in/hr)
• Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 10 percent
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline(0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water capacity: Low(about 3.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability(nonirrigated):4e
Ecological site: Sandy Plains(R067BY024CO)
Typical profile
0 to 9 inches: Fine sandy loam
9 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam
30 to 34 inches:Weathered bedrock
Minor Components
Aquic haplustolls
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Swales
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Custom Soil Resource Report
•
49 -Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation:4,680 to 4,900 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 150 days
Map Unit Composition
Osgood and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 3 percent
Description of Osgood
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material:Eolian sands
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High(2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline(0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water capacity: Low(about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated):4e
Land capability(nonirrigated):6e
Ecological site: Deep Sand(R067BY015CO)
Typical profile
0 to 22 inches: Sand
22 to 34 inches: Sandy loam
34 to 60 inches: Sand
Minor Components
Typic psammaquents
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Swales
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Custom Soil Resource Report
•
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 4,650 to 5,100 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches
Mean annual air temperature:48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 90 percent
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian deposits
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
• Drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High to very high(5.95
to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Very low(about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated):4e
Land capability(nonirrigated):6e
Ecological site: Deep Sand(R067BY015CO)
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Fine sand
8 to 60 inches: Sand
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 4,650 to 5,100 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches
Mean annual air temperature:48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 180 days
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Custom Soil Resource Report
• Map Unit Composition
Valent and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
Description of Valent
Setting
Landform: Plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Eolian deposits
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High to very high (5.95
to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Very low(about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated):4e
Land capability(nonirrigated):6e
Ecological site: Deep Sand(R067BY015CO)
Typical profile
• 0 to 8 inches: Fine sand
8 to 60 inches: Sand
Minor Components
Typic psammaquents
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Swales
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation:4,600 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature:48 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days
Map Unit Composition
Vona and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
• Description of Vona
Setting
Landform:Terraces, plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material:Alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High(1.98 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline(0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
Land capability(nonirrigated):4e
Ecological site: Sandy Plains(R067BY024CO)
Typical profile
0 to 6 inches: Loamy sand
6 to 28 inches: Fine sandy loam
28 to 60 inches: Sandy loam
• Minor Components
Aquic haplustolls
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform:Swales
• 16
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References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18,2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt,G.W.,and L.M.Vasilas,editors.Version 6.0,2006.Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http//soils usda.gov/
Soil Survey Staff. 1999.Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda gov/
Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. httpl/www.glfi nrcs usda.gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook,title 430-VI. http)/soils.usda-gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http.//soils.usdagovi
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