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32 SOIL SURVEY
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, •
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful.
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
47—Olney fine sandy loam, I to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub.
brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil.
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available Ovate
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 0.:.:
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosio
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops con-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa c:
sideoats grama. Potential.production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent o'
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used i
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, col..
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for ro-.
bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping ti
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to col.
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Cro]
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter whet
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushe'
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate yea.
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum t
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosic
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and bh ,
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats gran'
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potent
grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favor i
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As ran, .
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgra::-
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropso
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses inva
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be bas
livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual prods e
and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor conditin-
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideot. .
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crest.
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass select.:
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. I
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble of
to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has prove
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly w.•
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available w at
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing tri
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintain.-
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have go.:
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redced..
soils that have a loamy substratum and sonic areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suite
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Tr
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-neck
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species er
VI
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
he attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
-er. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
ttal and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can he
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface laver of this Vona soil is grayish
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
acity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
ies or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
PP g the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The
cro in system should be limited to such close grown irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
pp g y 74—Vona loamy5crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suitede sand, e to 9 percent slopes. This is a
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping s stem is 3 to 4 deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
y' elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping
crop. p pp g are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse
non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or calcareous to he
urdepth eo 60 y inches.ig
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of Typically the surface and it the lower oe brown. The fine
6 inches is loamy sand and 4 inches is fine barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
thin good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
v 1 bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
z -na, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
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