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.�-m- � r, EXHIBIT
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cps 2001-0527
2 9,11
W D OUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 25
can be drilled into a firm prepared se b . Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is
drilling on the contour minimize run nd soil losses. moderate. The water table is.usually about 24 to 36 inches
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard is low.
well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland.
vegetation should be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the salts accumulation.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops.
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The forage produced.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem,
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass, slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produc-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, deteriorates, the switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt-
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational grass, blue grama, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in-
development. Increased population growth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The range condition becomes poorer.
chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based
construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
community sewage systems should be provided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western
population density increases. Because of the permeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter-
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared
This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass IVw irrigated, VIw nonirriated;
to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site.
sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes.
about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This moderately sloping to strongly sloping map unit is on
slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills and ridges at elevations of 5,050 to 5,250 feet.
of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway soil makes up about 50 percent of' the unit,
and Valent sand. and the Shingle soil about 35 percent. About 15 percent is
The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loam and Tassel fine sandy loam. The Mid-
sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs from the Shingle soil in having more than
grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the underlying material.
The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed
brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface
depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brown clay about 7 inches thick. The
loam. underlying material is light brownish gray clay about 0
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey shale is about 13
moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is slow. Available water cal..7ity is low.
Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Surface ru-
The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate to high.
formed in stratified sandy alluvium. Typically the surface The Shingle soil also is shallow and well drained and
layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick.
.frown and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underlying material is light yellowish brown clay
sand. loam about 12 inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is ra id. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A wat t le is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 3 nches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestern, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops coin-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 51) percent of
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grarna. and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestern decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tit
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crop>
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass. and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wle a!
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted n.
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestern, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grarna, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grarna. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama.
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potentia-
grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass.
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc
and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selectee.
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. Ii
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or
to control livestock, protecting froth fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has prover
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly wel
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing tree:
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should b(
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintainer
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed ti
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have goo(
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suite(
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Thr
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necker
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species car
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
e attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
_apacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
PP g the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The
cropping system should be limited to such close irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 1,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy
non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be substratum and areas of soils that are calcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
fain good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western uheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,:-,u0 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Need leandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
a taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
.ion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
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