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4—Aquolls and Aquepts. flooded. This nearly level 31—Kim loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the well drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at
bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian
area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer, deposits and parent sediment from a wide variety of
make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, which bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25 have loamy sand underlying material.
percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained Typically the surface layer is brawn and pale brown
and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of about 12 inches thick. The upper 30 inches of the underly-
the surface. ing material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical Commonly the
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
+ tends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In places they have
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
a gleyed layer in the underlying material. i is suited to all•.crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
Must of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff. The ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, -
water table is at or near the surface in spring and during and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
the peak of the irrigation season. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Very few conservation
Some small areas are irrigated pasture. practices are needed to maintain top yields.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, saltgrass, alkali sacaton,
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender
wheatgrass, sedge, and rush. Cattails and bullrush grow Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
in the swampy spots associated with these range sites. shrubs commonly grown in the area .are generally well
Potential production ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
res favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As vegetation should be continued for as many years as
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited andrange condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
decrease, production drops, and saltgrass, sedge, and rush
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
increase. The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage. Siberian peashrub, lilac, and American plum.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
tion. Switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, western pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheat- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
grass, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
requirements of livestock. For successful seeding, a firm ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
prepared seedbed is needed. A grass drill should be used. This soil-has good potential for urban and recreational
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Til- development—Increased'population, growthin the survey
lage is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation. area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The
Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. chief limiting feature for urban development and road
The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover construction is the limited capacity of the soil to support
as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, a load.. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but
where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- community sewage systems should be provided if the
tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and population density increases. Because of the permeability
openland wildlife. of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I ir-
cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some rigated.
areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected
from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and
overuse by livestock. They should not be drained. Capa-
bility subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range site,
Aquepts in Wet Meadow range site.
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