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EXHIBIT
•} SOUTHERN PART NO. 9
18 19
2001-1466
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 3
dug many holes to expose soil profiles. A profile is the The general soil map provides a broad perspective of
sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil; it ex- the soils and landscapes in the survey area. It provides a
tends from the surface down into the parent material, basis for comparing the potential of large areas for
"-Mich has been changed very little by leaching or by the general kinds of land use. Areas that are, for the most
Sion of plant roots. part, suited to certain kinds of farming or to other land
The soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the uses can be identified on the map. Likewise, areas of soils
profiles they studied, and they compared those profiles having properties that are distinctly unfavorable for cer-
with others in counties nearby and in places more distant. tain land uses can be located.
Thus, through correlation, they classified and named the Because of its small scale, the map does not show the
soils according to nationwide, uniform procedures. kind of soil at a specific site. Thus, it is not suitable for
After a guide for classifying and naming the soils was planning the management of a farm or field or for select-
worked out, the soil scientists drew the boundaries of the ing a site for a road or building or other structure. The
individual soils on aerial photographs. These photographs kinds of soil in any one map unit differ from place to
show canals, buildings, field borders, roads, and other place in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, or other charac-
details that help in drawing boundaries accurately. The teristics that affect their management.
soil map at the back of this publication was prepared
from aerial photographs. 1. Midway-Shingle
The areas shown on a soil map are called soil map units. Shallow, moderately sloping to strongly sloping, well
Some map units are made up of one kind of soil, others drained clays and loams formed in residuum from cal-
are made up of two or more kinds of soil, and a few have careous shale
little or no soil material at all. Map units are discussed in
This moderately to strongly sloping map unit is in the
the sections "General soil map for broad land use
planning and "Soil maps for detailed planning." southwestern part of the survey area. It is on the ridge
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of soils are crests and side slopes along Coal Creek and its
taken as needed for laboratory measurements and for en- drainageways. It makes up less than 1 percent of the
gineering tests. The soils are field tested, and interpreta- total acreage. About 40 percent is Midway soils, 35 per-
tions of their behavior are modified as necessary during cent is Shingle soils, and 25 percent is soils of minor ex-
the course of the survey. New interpretations tent.
are added Midway and Shingle soils occupy
to meet local needs, mainly through field observations of a similar positions on
different kinds of soil in different uses under different the landscape. Midway soils have a clay surface layer and
underlying material. Shingle soils have a loam surface
vels of management. Also, data are assembled from
,cher sources, such as test results, records, field ex- layer and clay loam underlying material. Both soils are
underlain by calcareous shale at depths of 10 to 20 inches.
perience, and information available from state and local
Minor in this unit are the well drained Renohill and
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under Ulm soils. There are also small sandstone outcrops.
defined practices are assembled from farm records and This map unit is used mainly for rangeland. Small areas
from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. have been cultivated. Shallowness is the main limitation
But only part of a soil survey is done when the soils in farming. The potential is fair for development of ran-
have been named, described, interpreted, and delineated geland wildlife habitat.
on aerial photographs and when the laboratory data and
other data have been assembled. The mass of detailed in- 2. Ulm-Nunn
formation then needs to be organized so that it is readily
Deep, level to gently sloping, well drained clay loanzs and
available to different groups of users, among them far-
mers, managers of rangeland, engineers, planners, loanzs formed in alluvial and eolian deposits
developers and builders, homebuyers, and those seeking This level to gently sloping map unit is on plains and
recreation. old terraces in the southwestern part of the survey area.
It makes up about 1.5 percent of the total acreage. About
40 percent is Ulm soils, 35 percent is Nunn soils, and 25
General soil map for broad land use percent is soils of minor extent.
planning Ulm soils occupy the higher, gently sloping areas, and
Nunn soils the more nearly level areas or the swales. Ulm
The general soil map at the back of this publication soils have a clay loam surface layer and a clay loam sub-
shows, in color, map units that have a distinct pattern of soil.
soils and of relief and drainage. Each map unit is a unique Minor in this unit are the well drained Renohill and
natural landscape. Typically, a map unit consists of one or Wiley soils and the moderately well drained Heldt soils.
more major soils and some minor soils. It is named for This map unit is used mainly for irrigated and nonir-
the major soils. The soils making up one unit can occur in rigated cropland. Some areas are still in rangeland. Slow
other units but in a different pattern. permeability is the main limitation in fanning. The poten-
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 5
Tassel soils are on the crests and shoulders of the loamy and have a seasonal high water table. Bankard soils
ridges and breaks. Thedalund soils are below the breaks, have a sandy loam surface layer and sand underlying
and Terry soils are on the smoother side slopes above the material.
*—"-eaks. Tassel soils have a fine sandy loam surface layer Minor in this unit are the poorly drained Aquepts and
.nd very fine sandy loam underlying material. Sandstone the well drained Colombo, Haverson, and Nunn soils.
is between 10 and 20 inches. Thedalund soils have a loam This map unit is used mainly for rangeland and wildlife
surface layer and underlying material. Shale is between habitat. Wetness and the hazard of flooding are the main
20 and 40 inches. Terry soils have a fine sandy loam sur- limitations in farming and for most other purposes. The
face layer and subsoil. Sandstone is between 20 and 40 potential is good for development of wetland wildlife
inches. habitat. This map unit also has good potential as a source
Minor in this unit are the well drained Nelson and of sand and gravel.
Otero soils.
This map unit is used mainly for rangeland. Shal- 10. Loup-Boel
lowness and steep slopes are the main limitations in farm- Deep, level and nearly level, somewhat poorly drained
ing and for most other purposes. The potential is fair to and poorly drained loamy sands formed in sandy alluvi-
poor for wildlife habitat. um
8. Valent-Vona-Osgood This level and nearly level map unit is along Lost
Deep, nearly level to moderately sloping, well drained to Creek in the sandhill area and in a small area north of
excessively drained sands and sandy loams formed in Milton Reservoir. It makes up about 1 percent of the sur-
eolian deposits vey area About 55 percent is Loup soils, 30 percent is
Boel soils, and 15 percent is soils of minor extent.
This nearly level to moderately sloping map unit is in Loup soils are in the lower, or depression, areas that
the eastern and south-central parts of the survey area, receive additional runoff. Boel soils are at the slightly
mainly in the sandhill area. It makes up about 36 percent higher elevations. Loup soils are poorly drained, and Boel
of the total acreage. About 55 percent is Valent soils, 30 soils are somewhat poorly drained. Both soils have a
percent is Vona soils, 9 percent is Osgood soils, and 6 per- loamy sand surface layer and underlying material and a
cent is soils of minor extent. seasonal high water table.
Valent soils are on the rolling and dunelike topography. Minor in this unit are the poorly drained Aquolls, the
Vona soils are on the more gently sloping side slopes well drained Osgood soils, and the excessively drained
----long the outer edges of the sandhills. Osgood soils are in Valent soils.
.e concave, nearly level areas within the sandhills. This map unit is used mainly for rangeland. Wetness
Valent soils have a sand surface layer and underlying and sandy texture are the main limitations in farming.
material. Vona soils have a loamy sand or sandy loam sur- The potential is fair for development of rangeland wildlife
face layer and a sandy loam subsoil. habitat.
Minor in this unit are the well drained Olney and Terry
soils. 11. Nunn-Haverson
This map unit is used mainly for rangeland. Some small Deep, level and nearly level, well drained loams and clay
areas are used for irrigated and nonirrigated cropland. loams formed in alluvium
Sandy texture is the main limitation in fanning. The
potential is fair for urban development. The potential is This level and nearly level map unit occupies long nar-
fair to good for wildlife habitat. row flood plains and alluvial fans along the major inter-
mittent streams that disect the southeastern part of the
9. Aquolls-Aquents-Bankard survey area. It makes up about 4 percent of the total
acreage. About 45 percent is Nunn soils, 35 percent is
Deep, level and nearly level, poorly drained and
Haverson soils, and 20 percent is soils of minor extent.
somewhat excessively drained loamy soils and sandy
loams formed in alluvium Nunn soils are on the low terraces and alluvial fans and
are slightly higher in elevation than Haverson soils.
This level and nearly level map unit is on flood plains Haverson soils are on the bottom land and in areas of
along major streams throughout the survey area. It more recent deposition. Nunn soils have a loam or clay
makes up about 5 percent of the total acreage. About 35 loam surface layer and a clay loam subsoil. Haverson soils
percent is Aquolls, 20 percent is Aquents, 20 percent is have a loam surface layer and underlying material and
Bankard soils, and 25 percent is soils of minor extent. are stratified.
Aquolls and Aquents form an intermingled complex Minor in this unit are the well drained Colombo,
pattern along the outer limits of the bottom land, or flood Dacono, and Olney soils and the somewhat excessively
plain. Bankard soils are adjacent to the streams. Aquolls drained Bankard soils.
and Aquents are poorly drained, and Bankard soils are This map unit is used mainly for irrigated and nonir-
somewhat excessively drained. Aquolls and Aquents are rigated cropland. The soils are well suited to all commonly
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