HomeMy WebLinkAbout20011942.tiff BOARD OF DIRECTORS NORTH WELD CGJNTY WATER DISTRICT
GARY SIMPSON 33247 HIGHWAY 85 • LUCERNE, CO 80646
ROBERT ARNBRECHT
W.M. McKAY DON POSSELT, DISTRICT MANAGER
CHARLES ACHZIGER
RALPH PRIOR P.O. BOX 56 • PHONE (970)356-3020 • FAX(970)395-0997
e-mail: water@nwcwd.org
March 7, 2001
Sharon Frazier
Ag Pro
4311 Highway 66, Suite 4
Longmont, CO 80504
Re: Loren Cockroft
27906 WCR 388
Kersey, CO 80644
Meter Number: 49700
North Weld County Water District currently provides domestic water service to 27906 WCR 388
under meter number 49700 and the name of Loren Cockroft.
Respectfully,
e„,„
Colleen McGehee
2001-1942
1
. .• RECEIVED
WRJ-5-Rev. 76 COLORADO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCE
_ 818 Centennial Bldg.,1313 Sherman St.,Denver,Colorado 80ff9 28 1986 1
PERMIT APPLICATION FORM .
Application must Ise any
be complete where On A PERMIT TO USE GROUND WATER Be
applicable. Type or (k) A PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT A WELL •
print in BLACK FOR: (X)A PERMIT TO INSTALL A PUMP
INK.No overstrikes
or erasures unless (XI REPLACEMENT FOR NO. /32 7945-A
initialed. ( I OTHER
WATER COURT CASE NO. 4'esrno
(1) APPLICANT- mailing address FOR OFFICE USE ONLY: DO NOT WRITE IN THIS COLUMN
v. .i
NAME 01, As e/7 Cc/cirri,"Cc/cirri," (Q�h /FT Receipt No. 2•if /
C/�STREET ., /rile birld `O Rd€10114 Basin Dist.
CITY / aea y ode/e I c%a7 CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
TELEPHONE NO. clog— .; cR9 9 This well shall be used in such a way as to cause
no material injury to existing water rights. The
(2) LOCATION OF PROPOSED WELL issuance of the permit does not assure the applicant
that no injury will occur to another vested water
right or preclude another owner of a vested water
County (..i.,C°/C1 right from seeking relief in a civil court action.
NF '4 of the AR y.,Section irS APPROVED PURUSANT TO C.R.S. 3T-92-602
0(s) (c) FOR THE RELOCATION OF EXISTING WELL
Twp. 6 /K 5 1. Rng. , �O P.M. PERMIT NO. ..._1221±1.0.&.___.___.._..-----.. THE EXISTING
WELL MUST BE PLUGGED AND ABANDONED ACCORD-
(3I WATER USE AND WELL DATA ING TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR WATER
WELL AND PUMP INSTALLATION CONTRACTORS
p WITHIN NINETY (90) DAYS OF COMPLETION OF
THE NEW WELL THE ENCLOSED AFFIDAVIT FORM
Proposed maximum pumping rate(gpml /O
7 MIST BE COMPLETED AND SUBMITTED AFFIRMING
THAT THE:612) WELL WAS PLUGGED AND ABANDONED.
Average annual amount of ground water
to be appropriated (acre-feet): 2)THE USE OF GROUNDWATER FROM THIS WELL IS LIMITED
Number of acres to be irrigated: / TO ORDINARY HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES, FIRE PROTECTION,
THE WATERING OF POULTRY, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, AND
Proposed total depth (feet): SO LIVESTOCK ON FARMS AND RANCHES AND THE IRRIGATION
OF NOT MORE THAN ONE ACRE OF HOME GARDENS
Aquifer ground water is to be obtained from: AND LAWNS, BUT NOT USED FOR MORE THAN THREE
AgUy/U/J7 SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGSWbry4-4b
Owner's well designation
GROUND WATER TO BE USED FOR:
( 1 HOUSEHOLD USE ONLY .no irrigation (0)
PC) DOMESTIC (1) ( ) INDUSTRIAL (5)
LJ() LIVESTOCK (2) ( ) IRRIGATION (6)
( ) COMMERCIAL (4) ( ) MUNICIPAL (8)
( I OTHER (9) APPLICATION APPROVED
DETAIL THE USE ON BACK IN (11) PERMIT NUMBER / ^7 r 9 p
193--_A
(4) DRILLER APR 0 11986 I
DATE ISSUED
Name Lash aa /�i-/4! z-nc • EXPIRATION DATE APR 011988
Street 130, S0 s ,�/� C
city 40,r, do 8�/O (ST TE ENG N R)
�j � �f�/ (state) (210001 S;
Telephone No. PrS�/ p szi,A Lic.No. 7 / 8 1 0
1.0. - / _._COUNTY 6 2-
Mar-O7-01 O8: 19A P.O2
SUPPLEMENTAL WELL DRf4
Point of Use: NE1/4 15-5-64
Permit Number: 127905-A
Well Location: NE1/4 NE1/4 15-5-64
AdJudkated Rate: 48 gpm
Permit Use: Domestic and Livestock• iAil
u.ro.1A4.
• ►REWW
Pmm7 NO 1• 479,52
0.00
-479.52
5723 5330 393 648.45
1 01/16/01 12/12/00 0.00 'ti
0.00
I 0* of 7 Acre feet 1,593,000
1 'ental/Itat sferred water 2,600,000
.ees YTP Ueage 3 223, 000
?emaaning Allot 970,000
1 _
Suips4 to WN.xy eker X day.
1 sweuro LORAN COCKROPT
PO Urn
U 27906 NCR 388
1 Lea.,be
law KBRSBY, CO 80644
I
I
I
I
1
_ I
Cockwit Dotty/mina-Una Won RW Bum Unice' Inc.
WELD COUNTY DEPARTMENT U. PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONI_ ,NT
1555 NORTH 17TH AVENUE
GREELEY, CO 80631
PHONE (970) 304-6415 FAX (970) 304-6411
Permit #: G19860274 Sec/Twn/Rng: ?? Status: FINAL
Owner: COCKROFT LOREN Applied: 12/03/1986
Applicant: COCKROFT LOREN Issued: 12/03/1986
Permit Type: C=Commercial,R=Residential+NEW,REPair, VauLT Finaled:
Parcel #: 0963-15- - -
Location: 27906 WCR 388 KERSEY CO 80644
Installer:
Description: DAIRY FARM
Commercial: N Residential: Y
#of Persons: 7 Basement Plumbing: N
#of Bedrooms: 3 Bathrooms: $1.00
Water Public: Water Source:
Water Private: Cistern: Well: Well Permit#:
Percolation Rate: 15.012
% Ground Slope: 0 Dir: Soil Suitable: (Y/N) S
ngineer Design Required: (Y/N) N In 100 Year Flood Plain: (Y/N)
Actual Installation
Septic Tank: 1000 gallons Absorption Trench: 549 square feet
Absorption Bed: 750 square feet
Design Type:
NOTICE
The issuance of this permit does not imply compliance with other state,county or local regulatory or building requirements, nor shall it act
to certify that the subject system will operate in compliance with applicable state,county and local regulations adopted persuant to Article
10,Title 25,CRS as amended,except for the purpose of establishing final approval of installed system for issuance of a local occupancy
permit persuant to CRS 1973 25-10-111 (2).
Thispermit is not transferable, The Weld County Department of Public Health and Environment reserves the right to impose additional
terms and conditions required to meet our regulations on a continuing basis. Final permit approval was contingent upon the final
inspection of the completed system by the Weld County Department of Public Health and Environment.
x
Environmental Health Specialist Date
Form:H_PLAN
WELD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
1555 NORTH 17TH AVENUE
GREELEY, CO 80631
PHONE (970) 304-6415 FAX (970) 304-6411
Permit#: SP-0000430 Sec/Twn/Rng: 19-05-63 Status: APPLIED
Owner: COCKROFT DAIRY FARM LLLP Applied: 07/06/2000
Applicant: COCKROFT LOREN Issued:
Permit Type: RREP C=Commercial,R=Residential+NEW,REPair,VauLT Finaled:
Parcel #: 0965-19- - -
Location: 30906 WCR 388 KERSEY
Legal Description:
Installer:
Description: HOUSE
Commercial: N Residential:Y Acres: 180
# of Persons: 3 Basement Plumbing: N
#of Bedrooms: 3 Bathrooms - Full: 1 3/4: 0 1/2: 0
Water Public: N Water Source:
Water Private: Y Cistern: N Well: Y Well Permit#:
Percolation Rate: 0 Limiting Zone: 0 ft 0 in Description
Ground Slope: 0 Dir: Soil Suitable: (Y/N)
Engineer Design Required: (Y/N) N In 100 Year Flood Plain: (Y/N) N
Minimum Installation Chambers
Septic Tank: 0 gallons Absorption Trench: 0 square feet
or Absorption Bed: 0 square feet
Actual Installation
Septic Tank: 0 gallons Absorption Trench: 0 square feet
Absorption Bed: 0 square feet
Design Type:
NOTICE
The issuance of this permit does not imply compliance with other state,county or local regulatory or building requirements,nor shall it act
to certify that the subject system will operate in compliance with applicable state,county and local regulations adopted persuant to Article
10,Title 25,CRS as amended,except for the purpose of establishing final approval of installed system for issuance of a local occupancy
permit persuant to CRS 1973 25-10-111 (2).
This permit is not transferable. The Weld County Department of Public Health and Environment reserves the right to impose additional
terms and conditions required to meet our regulations on a continuing basis. Final permit approval was contingent upon the final
inspection of the completed system by the Weld County Department of Public Health and Environment.
x
Environmental Health Specialist Date
xm:S_PLAN
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8 SOIL SURVEY
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer, make up about 35 percent. About 5
IIs irrigated. percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam.
2—Altvan loam,. 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the
feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al-
rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying
show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in the
Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material.
brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water
and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and recedes
about 14 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years.
sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat.
Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops.
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass,
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkali
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgrass,
lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and rush increase.
water application. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac-
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. tices are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod.
Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tall
shrubs commonly grown in the area are are generally- well wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. They
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seedbed
vegetation should be continued for as many years as preparation usuallyrequires more than 1 year to
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern Seeding early in spring has proven most successful.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit.
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover,
lilac, Siberian rian peashrub, and American plum.This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, cotton- where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec-
tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, openland wildlife.
especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for
undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some
dlife populations. areas.
This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from
and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea- fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by
tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- livestock. They should not be drained.
tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid These soils have good potential as a source of sand and
permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic gravel. Capability subclass VIw; Salt Meadow range site.
tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the 4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded. This nearly level
substratum does not contain enough fines to properly map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer,
IIe irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, which
3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25
nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained
_ of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of
which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface.
12 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
development. Increased population growth in the survey cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
chief limiting soil features for urban development are the be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and dries cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septic tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
tank absorption fields function properly, but community ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
sewage systems should be provided if the population den- land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at-.
sity increases. Because of the moderately rapid permea- tracted by managing livestock grazing and reseeding
bility of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. where needed.
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass This soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop-
lie irrigated. ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclass
10—Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This IVw irrigated, VIw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land
is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on flood range site.
plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. It formed in 11—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is
stratified recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In- a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700
eluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bars to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the
and small areas of noncalcareous soils. South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas
Typically the surface layer of this Bankard soil is of soils that have sand and gravelly sand in the lower
brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The underlying part of the substratum.
material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sandy loam
sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish
fine gravel. brown sandy clay loam about 19 inches thick. The sub-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or permeability and available water capacity are
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
low.
This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
subject to flooding. Pasture is the best use. Tall wheat- low.
grass, tall fescue, and annual sweetclover are some of the This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
most suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
amount and value of forage produced.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
switchgrass, indiangrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
sideoats grama, needleandthread, and blue grama. Much tices are needed to maintain top yields.
of this range site includes other soils and vegetation in All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
such a complex pattern that it is difficult to map them rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds me
separately. fertilizer are needed for top yields.
per acre in favorable years to 1,500 pounds in unfavorable Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
grasses decrease; blue grama, sand dropseed, and forbs establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
increase; and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds
and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
poorer. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Management of vegetation should be based on taking periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
reedgrass, sideoats grama, little bluestem, blue grama, pu- an peashrub.
bescent wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass are Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
suitable for seeding. This soil can be seeded by using an Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
interseeder or a firm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
is required. Seeding early in spring has proven most sue- nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
cessful. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
This soil is generally not suited to the establishment for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
and growth of trees and shrubs. Onsite investigation is agriculture.
needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
- shrub species. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
18 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub- most successful.
stratum the soil has moderate to high shrink swell, low Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
strength, and moderately slow permeability. These fea- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
tures create problems in dwelling and road construction. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
Excessive permeability in the substratum can cause con- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
tamination of the ground water supply from septic tank possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. Capability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
subclass Its irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
22—Dacono clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove,
mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and and cottontail, are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat
gravel deposits and some small leveled areas. development, including tree and shrub plantings and
Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray- grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc-
ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir-
grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- rigation, good wildlife habitat can established, benefiting
stratum is very gravelly sand. many kinds of openland wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, for
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to developing livestock watering facilities, managing
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
hazard is low. This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea-
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub-
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, stratum the soil has a moderate to high shrink-swell
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- potential, low strength, and moderately slow permeability.
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa These features create problems in dwelling and road con-
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, struction. Excessive permeability in the substratum can
or beans. Generally, such characteristics as a high clay cause contamination of the ground water supply from
content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly septic tank leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined.
— restrict some crops. Capability subclass Ile irrigated, Inc nonirrigated;
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 23—Fort Collins loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. elevations of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium
In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small modified by thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are
grain and is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter some small leveled areas and few small areas of a soil
wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is that is calcareous at the surface.
33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is
wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low grayish brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
for beneficial use of fertilizer. brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 20
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. fine sandy loam.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding is tices are needed to maintain top yields.
desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pu- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
firm sorghum stubble or it can be drilled into a firm suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 23
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass
suited to I his soil. Cultivation to control competing and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf-
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase;
hackberry. 'l'he shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an-
Siberian peashrub, lilac, and American plum. nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
development. Increased population growth in the survey firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The proven most successful.
chief limiting feature for urban development and road Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
construction is the limited capacity of the soil to support shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
community sewage systems should be provided if the vegetation should be continued for as many years as
population density increases. Because of the permeability Possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I ir- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
rigated. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
_. 32—Kim loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
'ell drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
deposit and parent sediment from a wide variety of
bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
have loamy sand underlying material. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
loam about 12 inches thick. The u ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
pper 28 inches of the un- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. managing livestock
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is grazing, and reseeding where needed.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
development. Increased population growth in the survey
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa community sewage systems should be provided if the
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, population density increases. Because of the permeability
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining (fig. 6), and installing of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site.
ligation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- 33—Kim loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a deep,
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock. In-
winter wheat and Is summer fallowed in alternate years eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that have
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is loamy sand underlying material.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the un-
ge are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
28 SOIL SURVEY
40—Nunn loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, vegetation should be continued for as many years a
well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000 possible following planting. Trees that are best suited an
feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, easter
are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, an
deposits and small areas of soils that are subject to occa- hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush suma(
sional flooding. Some leveled areas are also included. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Th
brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necke,
brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species cal
part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen
loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can b,
or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion attracted by developing livestock watering facilities
hazard is low. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- and moderately slow permeability. These features create
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa problems in dwelling and road construction. Those area:
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the
or beans. Generally such characteristics as a high clay substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption field:
content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent tc
restrict some crops. streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten-
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability subclass IIe ir-
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- rigated, IIIc nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site.
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 41—Nunn clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
Most nonirrigated areas are used for small grain. The deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at
soil is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter wheat elevations of 4,550 to 5,150 feet. It formed in mixed allu-
is the principal crop. If the crop is winterkilled, spring vium and eolian deposits. Included in mapping are small,
wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits and
for beneficial use of fertilizer. small areas of soils that are subject to occasional flooding.
Such practices as stubble mulch farming, striperopping, Some small leveled areas are also included.
and minimum tillage are needed to control soil blowing Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish
and water erosion. brown clay loam about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is light
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue brownish gray clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper
grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass part of the substratum is clay loam. The lower part to a
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years Permeability is moderately slow. Available water
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; low.
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are tices are needed to maintain top yields.
suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
proven most successful. shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well vegetation should be continued for as many years as
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 29
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern The potential native vegetation is dominated by
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf-
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in-
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can vade the site as range condition becomes poorer.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Management of vegetation of this soil should be based
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding is
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western
This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pu-
ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable
and moderately slow permeability. These features create for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal
problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean,
that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm
substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to most successful.
streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated. vegetation should be continued for as many years as
42—Nunn clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
elevations of 4,550 to 5,150 feet. It formed in mixed allu- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
vium and eolian deposits. Included in mapping are small, hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits and lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
_. small areas of soils that are subject to occasional flooding. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
Some leveled areas are also included. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
brown clay loam aobut 9 inches thick. The subsoil is light be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
brownish gray clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
loam. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop-
hazard is low. ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength,
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- and moderately slow permeability. These features create
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to
or beans. Generally such characteristics as the high clay streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten-
content or the rapidly permeable substratum slightly tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and
restrict some crops. picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability subclass IIe ir-
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigated, lIlc nonirrigated; Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 43—Nunn loamy sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. to 4,900 feet. It formed in alluvium along Box Elder
In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small Creek. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and it is summer fallowed in alternate years. have a loamy subsoil and small areas of soils that are sub-
Winter wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average ject to rare flooding.
yield is 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is brown
spring wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too loamy sand overburden about 9 inches thick. The subsoil
ow for beneficial use of fertilizer. is dark to very dark grayish brown clay loam about 21
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. loamy very fine sand, loamy sand, or sand.
34 SOIL SURVEY
or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
early in spiing has proven most successful. Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
peashrub. for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Capability subclass Its irrigated.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
permeability in the substratum, which causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying material.
recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about
Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
Sand range site. inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam.
50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low.
have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land
12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be
inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application.
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also
substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PAR_ 35
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade di'.ches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close
the site as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum
Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats taming fertility is important. Crops respond to applica-
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
be seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
proven most successful. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease, and blue grama, sand dropseed,
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer.
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
an peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful.
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
agriculture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture.
shale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational
to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
sandy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is subclass IIIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
low. range site.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 53—Otero sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low.
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama,
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi-
per acre in favorable years to 600.pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops.
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical.
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible.
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary
ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in
ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and habitat on these soils.
Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel
havegood survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, Breaks range site.
eastern 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a
cropland areas depth of 40 inches.
p provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir-
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin-
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar-
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
_ about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
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