HomeMy WebLinkAbout20002969.tiff USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW APPLICATION
SECTION 7
SOILS REPORT
HS GATHERING, LLC
Proposed Ft. Lupton Gas Processing Plant
Township 2 North, Rance 66 West
Section 14: SW4NW4NW4
Weld County, Colorado
2000-2969
EXHIBIT
1 -
soil survey of
Weld County, Colorado
Southern Part
United States Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
in cooperation with
Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
Foreword
The Soil Survey of Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part, contains much
information useful in any land-planning program. Of prime importance are the
predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. Also highlighted are limita-
tions or hazards to land uses that are inherent in the soil, improvements
needed to overcome these limitations, and the impact that selected land uses
will have on the environment.
This soil survey has been prepared for many different users. Farmers,
ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to determine the potential of
the soil and the management practices required for food and fiber production.
Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and homebuyers
can use it to plan land use, select sites for construction, develop soil resources,
or identify any special practices that may be needed to insure proper per-
formance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,
wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the soil sur-
vey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.
Great differences in soil properties can occur even within short distances.
Soils may be seasonally wet or subject to flooding. They may be shallow to
bedrock. They may be too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or
roads. Very clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to septic tank absorption
fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or un-
derground installations.
These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in
this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map; the lo-
cation of each kind of soil is shown on detailed soil maps. Each kind of soil in
the survey area is described, and much information is given about each soil for
specific uses. Additional information or assistance in using this publication can
be obtained from the local office of the Soil Conservation Service or the
Cooperative Extension Service.
This soil survey can be useful in the conservation, development, and
productive use of soil, water, and other resources.
•
M. D. Burdick
State Conservationist
Soil Conservation Service
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low.
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama,
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi-
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops.
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical.
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible.
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary
ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in
ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and habitat on these soils.
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop-
ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel
textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa-
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
Breaks range site.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to
haekberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
depth of 40 inches.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir-
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin-
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar-
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45
-range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
itchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer.
ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble.
ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush
ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated
be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible.
ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran-
are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can
_ Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
opland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
vneasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs,
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site.
This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This
primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges,
and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at
tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up
stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per-
lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu-
shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions
rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes.
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It
excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is
5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material
mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand.
depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low.
depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark
--'oderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick.
ore. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light
low. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam.
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a
to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
ho attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
er. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer'of this Vona soil is grayish
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
acity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
._..:hes or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
in lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
This soil is suited to limited crop
ping.g' Intensive susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
taro good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand blue stem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
"-n. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
.d bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
48 SOIL SURVEY
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected may be necessary at the time of planting and during the
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackber-
spring has proven most successful. ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well Siberian peashrub.
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern agriculture.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
peashrub.
stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran-
geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Its
irrigated.
be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at
elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled
areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare-
ous to a depth of 60 inches.
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub-
75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com-
brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed for proper water applications.
hazard is low. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and during dry
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
izer are needed for top yields. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
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