HomeMy WebLinkAbout20012124 •
USDA United States Natural Resources Brighton Field Office
Department of Conservation USDA Service Center
Agriculture Service 57 West Bromley Lane
(NRCS) Brighton, CO 80601-2697
Telephone: 303 659-0525 http://www.co.nrcs.usda.gov Fax: 303 659-1768
May 8 , 2000
Environment, Inc .
7985 Vance Drive, Suite 205A
Arvada, Colorado 80003
RE : Scottdale Ranches
Vegetative Information for proposed mining operation
Enclosed, please find a copy of the NRCS soils map for the
above property as well as soils descriptions, engineering
properties and physical and chemical properties information.
Additional information can be found in the publication 'Soil
Survey of Weld County, Colorado, Southern Portion' . None of the
soils found on this parcel would be classified as 'prime
farmland' .
Vegetation over the area includes irrigated cropland, irrigated
pasture and hayland, native pasture (rangeland) and riparian
areas . The irrigated fields are used to grow corn and small
grains . These fields are mainly on the upland areas towards the
north end of the property. That area between the Western Mutual
Ditch and the oil well road in the bottom is primarily
rangeland. Most of this area is classified as a Salt Meadow
Range Site . Switchgrass, alkali sacaton, tall wheatgrass and
tall fescue dominate the site, with production ranging from
2 , 000 to 3 , 000 pounds per acre per year. Some of the lower
areas have been leveled and planted to a cool season pasture
mix (brome and orchard grass) . Some native grasses are starting
to invade these areas . Alfalfa has been seeded into some areas
but is generally short lived due to the high water table .
Production will probably range form 1 . 5 to 3 . 5 tons per acre •
per year.
The riparian areas follow the South Platte River channel
and vary from grasses to a mixture of trees and shrubs . There
are other small 'wetlands ' scattered throughout the property,
as evidenced by the vegetation. I would recommend contacting
the the Army Corp. of Engineers regarding the mitigation
aspects of destroying these wetlands .
Extuerr
2001-2124
The Natural Resources Conservation Service works hand-in-hand with
the American people to conserve natural resources on private lands AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROVIDER AND EMPLOYER
As mining is completed, reclamation of the disturbed areas
should begin immediately. All topsoil should be stockpiled
before excavation begins and then applied back to the area
before seeding. It would also be recommended to take a soil
sample for fertilizer recommendations, as well as the presence
of salts . As a minimum, 40# N and 40# P should be applied. All
slopes should be kept to 4 : 1 or flatter. All drainage should be
diverted away from the slopes, if at all possible .
The following seed mix would be considered a general
recommendation:
Lovington Blue Grama 20% @ 3 . 0# = . 6# PLS/AC.
Vaughn Side Oats Grama 30% @ 9 . 0# = 2 . 7# PLS/AC.
Rosanna Western Wheatgrass 30% @ 16 . 0# = 4 . 8# PLS/AC.
Oahe Intermediate Wheatgrass 20% @ 18 . 0# = 3 . 6# PLS/AC.
A more site specific mix could be developed, once the end use
is determined. (i .e . wildlife, grazing, etc . ) The above rates
are based upon NRCS critical area seeding rates . It is highly
recommended to use a grass drill for the seeding operation.
Once the grass is seeded, mulching with 3 , 000 - 4 , 000 # of
native hay or clean, bright, weed free straw is recommended.
The mulch should be applied evenly and then 'crimped' into the
soil . Crimping should take place on the contour of all slopes .
Successful stand establishment can only take place with proper
weed control . Control methods can be either mechanical or
chemical . Labeling needs to be strickly adhered to when using
chemicals .
I hope this information is satisfactory to your needs . Should
you need additional information, please feel free to call me .
ncerel ,
N rman J e ls, Jr
D trict Conservationist
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
Environment, Inc.
Classification Fragments : Percentage passing
Map symbol Depth : USDA texture sieve number-- Liquid: Plas-
and soil name ?10 3-10 :__ __ _____ limit:ticity
Unified AASHTO inches inches: 4 10 : 40 : 200 ;index
1 1
In Pct Pct : •
IPct
Altvan 0-10 Loam Cl-ML, CL A-4 0 0 100 100 85-95 60-75 25-30 5-10
10-25 Sandy clay SC-SM, SC, A-4, A-6 0 0 100 100 80-100 35-80 25-35 5-15
loam, clay CL-Ml, CL
loam
25-60 gravelly coarse SP-SM, SP ,A-I 0-10 0-15 60-80 55-75 25-50 0-10 --- NP
sand, gravelly
sand
2:
Altvan ; 0-10 loam CL-ML, CL A-4 0 ; 0 100 100 85-95 60-75 25-30 5-10
10-24 Sandy clay SC-SM, SC, A-4, A-6 0 : 0 100 100 :80-100 35-80 25-35 5-15
loam, clay CL-Ml, CL
loam I '
24-60 Gravelly coarse SP-SM, SP A-I 0-10 0-15 60-80 55-75 25-50 0-10 --- NP
sand, gravelly
sand
3:
Aquolls 0-48 loam Mt, CL A-4, A-6 0 : 0-5 80-100 75-100:70-80 50-70 ; 25-40 NP-15
4B-60 Very gravelly SP, SP-SM, SM A-1 0-5 0-25 85-95 50-85 10-40 0-15 --- NP
sand, sand,
gravelly loamy
sand
Aquents,
Gravelly
Substratum ; 0-48 Variable SN, ML, CL, A-2, A-4, A-6 0 0-10 90-95 85-95 55-65 20-60 15-30 NP-15
SC
48-60 Very gravelly GP, SP, A-1 : 0 10-30 40-80 30-70 10-25 0-10 ; --- NP
sand, gravelly SP-SM, GP-GM
sand
10:
Bankard 0-4 Sandy loam SM, SC-SM A-2, A-4 0 0 100 90-100 50-70 3D-40 00-25; NP-10
4-60 Stratified SM, SP-SM A-2, A-1, A-3 0 0-5 65-100 60-85 40-75 5-35 ; --- NP
gravelly sand
to loam
16:
Colby ; 0-7 Loam CL-ML, CL A-4 0 0 100 100 85-95 60-75 25-30 5-10
7-60 Silt loam ML A-4 0 0 100 100 90-100 80-90 30-35 5-10
21:
Dacono ; 0-12 Clay loam CL :A-6 0 0 85-100 75-100 75-95 70-80 30-40 10-20
12-21 Clay loam, CL :A-6, 4-7 0 0 75-100:60-100 55-95 50-85 34-45 15-25
clay, gravelly
clay loan ,
21-27 Sandy clay CL, SC A-6 0 0 75-100 60-100 50-95 40-85 25-40 10-20
loam, team,
silt loam
27-60 Very gravelly SP, GP, GP-GM A-1 : 0 0 35-80 15-50 ; 5.40 , 0-5 --- NP
sand,
extremely
gravelly sand :
•
l,S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 3
IATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
Environment, Inc.
Classification Fragments Percentage passing
Map symbol Depth USDA texture ; sieve number-- Liquid Plas-
and soil name ; >10 3-10 limit ticity
Unified RASRTO inches inches 4 10 40 200 index
In Pct Pct Pct ---_Y
51:
Tassel 0-11 Fine sandy loam SC-SM, SM, A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 40-55 20-25 NP-5
CL-ML, ML
11-15 Loamy fine SC-SM, SM A-2, A-4 0 0 100 100 70-85 30-50 20-25 NP-5
sand, fine
sandy loam
15-20 Weathered ; ; 0 0 0 0 0 0 --- ; NP
bedrock
;8:
Ustic
Torriorthents 0-10 Gravelly sand SP, SP-SM A-1 0 0 55-80 50-75 25-50 0-10 --- NP
10-60 Gravelly sand, GP, GP-GM, A-1 0 0-5 45-65 40-60 20-30 0-10 --- NP
very gravelly SP, SP-SM
sand, gravelly
coarse sand
'9:
Weld 0-8 Loam CL-ML, CL A-4 0 0 100 100 85-95 60-75 25-30 5-10
8-15 Silty clay CL A-6, A-7 0 0 ; 100 ; 100 95-100 85-95 35-50 15-30
loam, silty
clay, clay
15-60 Silt loam, CL-ML, CL A-4, A-6 ; 0 0 ; 100 95-100 85-100 70-95 20-35 5-15
loam, silty
clay loam
60-64 Silt loam, ML, CL-ML, ;A-4 0 0 100 75-100 60-100 35-85 20-30 NP-10
loam, sandy ; sm, SC-SM
loam
,
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 3 OF 3
VATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
Endnote -- ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
This report gives estimates of the engineering classification and of the range of index properties for the
aajor layers of each soil in the survey area. Most soils have layers of contrasting properties within the upper
5 or 6 feet.
)EPTH to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. The range in depth and information on other
)roperties of each layer are giver in the published Soil Survey for each sail series under "Soil Series and Their
lorphology."
TEXTURE is given in the standard terms used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are defined
according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in
iiameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52
)ercent sand. If the content of particles coarser than sand is as much as about 15 percent, an appropriate modifier is
idded, for example, "gravelly." Textural terms are defined in the Soil Survey Glossary.
:lassification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification system and the system
adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
'he UNIFIED system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as construction material. Soils are
:lassified according to grain-size distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to
I' 'city index, liquid limit, and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as SW, GP, GM, GC,
3W, . , SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MN, CH, and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils
exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.
the AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway construction and maintenance.
'n this system, the fraction of a mineral soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven
;roups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in
Troup A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in group A-7
ire fine grained. Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection. If laboratory
lata are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-I-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-
i, or A-7-6. As an additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group
.ndex number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.
Sock FRAGMENTS larger than 3 inches in diameter are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight
iasis. The percentages are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to weight
)ercentage.
'ercentage of soil particles passing designated sieves (PERCENTAGE PASSING SIEVE NUMBER--)is the percentage of the
;oil fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA
standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on
aboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field.
.IOUID LIMIT and PLASTICITY INDEX (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The
estimates are based on test data from the survey area or from nearby areas and on field examination. The estimates
)f grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the nearest 5 percent. Thus,
.f the ranges of gradation and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 percentage points' across
fication boundaries, the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in this report.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE I OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
Environment, Inc.
Map symbol Depth Clay ; Cation- Soil ; Calcium ; Gypsum Salinity Sodium
and soil name exchange reaction ;carbonate; adsorption
capacity ; ; ratio
In Pct meq/10Og pH Pct Pct mehes/cm
Altvan 0-10 15-25 10.0-20.0 6.6-7.8 --- --- --- ---
10-25 20-35 10.0-25.0 6.6-7.8 ---
25-60
0-5 0.0-5.0 7.4-8.4 1-5 --- --- -
2:
Altvan 0-IO 15-25 10.0-20.01 6.6-7.8 --- --- , --- ---
10-24 20-35 10.0-25.01 6.6-7.8 ; --- --- _
24-60 0-5 0.0-5.0 7.4-8.4 1-5 ' ---
3:
Aquolls 0-48 20-35 10.0-25.0 7.4-8.4 --- --- 0-4
48-60 1-3 0.0-5.0 7.4-8.4 --- 0-4
Aquents,
Gravelly
Substrata. 0-48 4-30 5.0-20.0 7.4-8.4 0-10 --- 0-8
48-60 0-5 0.0-5.0 7.4-8.4 0-10 ---
10:
Bankard 0-4 5-20 5.0-15.0 7.4-8.4 D-10 --- ; ---
4-60_, 2-I0, 0.0-10.0 7.4.8.4 D-10
16:
Colby 0-7 15-27 5.0-20.0 7.4-8.4 0-5
7-60 18-27 5.0-20.0 7.4-8.4 5-15
21:
Dacono 0-12 27-40 25.0-45.0 6.6-7.8 - -
12-21 35-60 60.0-70.0 1.4-8.4 0-5
21-27 IS-35 20.0-40.0 7.4-8.4 0-10 --- 0-2
27-60 0-5 2.D-10.0; 7.4-8.4 5-15 --- 0-2
61:
Tassel 0-11 5-12 3.0-10.0 7.4-8.4 5-10 ---
11.15 8-13 4.0-10.0 7.4-8.4 5-10 - ---
15-20 -
68:
Ustic
Torriorthents-- 0-10 0-4 1.0-5.0 6.6-7.3 ---
10-60 0-4 0.0-5.0 7.4-8.4 0-5 --- 0-2
79:
Meld 0-8 15-27 15.0-30.0 6.6-1.8 -- ---
8-15 35-50 20.0-30.0 6.6-7.8 0-4 15-60 20-35 20.0-30.0 7.4-9.0 2-6 --- 0-2
60-64 15-25 15.0-25.0, 1.4-9.0 2-6 --- , 0-2
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
_ndnate -- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
This report shows estimates of some characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.
rhese estimates are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates
are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils.
LAY as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002
millimeter in diameter. In this report, the estimated clay content of each major soil layer
is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the fertility and physical condition of
the soil. They determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture.
They influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, and plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect
tillage and earthmoving operations.
;ATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY (CEC) is the total amount of cations held in a soil in such
a way that they can be removed only by exchanging with another cation in the natural soil
solution. CEC is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain cations, some of which are
)lant nutrients. Soils with low CEC hold few cations and may require more frequent
applications of fertilizers than soils with high CEC. Soils with high CEC have the potential
to retain cations, thus reducing the possibility of pollution of ground water.
ii,._ REACTION is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and is expressed as a range in pH
/aloes. The range in pH of each major horizon is based on many field tests. For many soils,
/aloes have been verified by laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting
:rops and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and
in determining the risk of corrosion.
:ALCIUM CARBONATE is the percentage by weight of calcium carbonate in the fine-earth
material, less than 2 millimeters in size.
IYPSUM is the percentage by weight of hydrated calcium sulfates 20 millimeters or
smaller in size, in the soil.
SALINITY is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed
as the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter
at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at representative
sites of nonirrigated soils.
The salinity of irrigated soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water
and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of soils in individual fields
:an differ greatly from the value given in the report. Salinity affects the suitability of
soil for crop production, the stability of soil if used as construction material, and
the potential of the soil to corrode metal and concrete.
SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR) expresses the relative activity of sodium ions in
axrtbange reactions in the soil. SAR is a measure of the amount of sodium relative to
im and magnesium in the water extract from saturated soil paste.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1 OF 4
NATURAI. RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Environment, Inc.
(Entries under 'Erosion factors--T' apply to the entire profile. Entries under 'Mind erodibility group' and
'Mind erodability index' apply only to the surface layer)
;Erosion factors;Nirtd ;Mind
Nap symbol Depth Clay ; Moist Perinea- ;Available; Shrink- ;Organic; �;eredi-;erodi
and soil name ; bulk bility ; water ; swell ; matter ; — ;bility bility
density ;capacity ;potential; K Kf I ;group index
ID pct g/cc In/hr In/in -_�`— Pct
1
1:
Altvan 0-10 15-25 1.25-1.40 0.60-6.00 0.14-0.17 Low 1.0-2.0 0.28 0.28 4 5 56
10-25 20-35 1.25-1.40 0.20-2.00 0.14-0.21 Low 0.5-1.0 0.20 0.20
25-60 0-5 1.45-1.60 )20.00 0.02-0.06 Low 0.0-0.5 0.05 D.10
2:
Altvan 0-10 15-25 1.25-1.40 0.60-6.00 0.14-0.17:Low 1.0-2.0; 0.2B 0.28 4 , 5 56
10-24 20-35 1.25-1.40 0.20-2.00 0.14-0.21:Low 0.5-1.0; 0.20 0.20:
24-60 0-5 1.45-1.60 >20.00 0.02-0.06:Low 0.0-0.5; 0.05 0.10;
r 1
1 1
3. 1
Aquolls , 0-48 20-35 1.20-1.35 0.20-2.00 0.14-0.17 Low 1.0-3.0 0.24 0.24; 4 , 8 ---
48-60 1-3 1.55-1.68 >20.00 0.02-0.04 Low 0.0-1.0 0.02 0.10;
' r r
' 1 r
Aquents,
Gravelly
Substratum 0-48 4-30 1.20-1.50 0.60-20.00 0.07-0.16 Low 0.5-1.0 0.20 0.20 3 8 ---
48-60 0-5 1.60-1.70 )20.00 0.04-0.09 Low 0.0-1.0 0.05 0.17
10:
8ankard 0-4 5-20 1.50-1.60 2.00-6.00 10.I3-0.15 Low 1.0-2.0; 0.24 0.24; 5 3 86
4-60 2-10 1.55-1.65 6.00-20.00 0.05-0.08 Low 0.5-1.0 0.20 0.37;
16:
Colby 0-7 15-27 1.25-1.40 0.60-6.00 0.14-0.18 tow 0.5-2.0 0.37 0.31 5 41 86
7-60 18-27 1.15-1.30 0.60-2.00 0.15-0.20 Low 0.5-1.0 0.43 0.43
21: '
Dar.onn ! 0-12 27-40 1.20-1.30 0.20-0.60 .`0.19-0.21 Moderate !2.0-1.0! 0.17 0.17! 3 4 R6
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 4
IATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
:ndnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
this report shows estimates of some characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates
rre given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations
ind on test data for these and similar soils.
:LAY as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter.
[n this report, the estimated clay content of each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the
soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the
'ertility and physical condition of the soil. They determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and
retain moisture. They influence shrink-smell potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil
lispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and
sarthmoving operations.
10IST BULK DENSITY is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is
It field moisture capacity, the moisture content at 1/3 bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after
crying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this report, the estimated moist bulk density of each major soil
rorizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
fiameter. Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total
)ore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for
rater and roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist
'ensity is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
>ERMEABILITY refers to the ability of a soil to transmit water or air. The estimates indicate the
'ate of downward movement of water when the soil is saturated. They are based on soil characteristics
rbserved in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is considered in
:he design of soil drainage systems, septic tank absorption fields, and construction where the rate of
rater movement under saturated conditions affects behavior.
r1AILABLE WATER CAPACITY refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by
darts. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil layer.
"he capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect the retention of water and the depth of the root
'one. The most important properties are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil
structure. Available water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in
:he design and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of
rater actually available to plants at any given time.
;HRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL is the potential for volume change in a soil with a loss or gain of moisture. Volume
'hange occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with the amount and type
)f clay minerals in the soil. The size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture
ontent influence the amount of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of undisturbed
clods were made for many soils. For others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind and amount of
:lay minerals in the soil and on measurements of similar soils. If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate
0 very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design
s often needed. Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the change in length of an unconfined clod as
roisture content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The change is based on the soil fraction less
.,ha.-.2 millimeters in diameter. The classes are "Low," a change of less than 3 percent; "Moderate." 3 to 6
4 t; and "Nigh," more than 6 percent. "Very high," greater than 9 percent, is sometimes used.
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 3 OF 4
gATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
:ndnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
)RGANIC MATTER is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition. In report J,
:he estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is
less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained or increased by
-eturning crop residue to the soil. Organic matter affects the available water capacity, infiltration rate, and
tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.
:ROSION FACTOR K indicates the susceptibility of the whole soil (including rocks and rock fragments) to
sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
:o predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The
estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil
structure and permeability. Values of K range from 0.05 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible
the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water.
EROSION FACTOR Kf is like EROSION FACTOR K but it is for the fine-earth fraction of the soil. Rocks and
•ock fragments are not considered.
EROSION FACTOR I is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that can
)ccur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
V' -RODIBILITY GROUPS are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their resistance to wind
eru,.on in cultivated areas. The groups indicate the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are grouped
according to the following distinctions:
1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine sands.
These soils are generally not suitable for crops. They are
extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult to
establish.
2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine sands. loamy
very fine sands, and sapric soil material. These soils are
very highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive
measures to control wind erosion are used.
3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy loams, and
very fine sandy loams. These soils are highly erodible.
Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control wind
erosion are used.
41. Calcareous loans, silt loans, clay loans, and silty clay
loans. These soils are erodible. Crops can be grown if
intensive measures to control wind erosion are used.
4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loans, and silty
clay loams that are more than 35 percent clay. These soils
-- are moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to
control wind erosion are used.
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 4 OF 4
fATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
:ndnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
5. Noncalcareous loans and silt loans that are less than 20
percent clay and sandy clay loans, sandy clays, and heroic
soil material. These soils are slightly erodible. Crops
can be grown if measures to control wind erosion are used.
6. Noncalcareous loans and silt loams that are more than 20
percent clay and noncalcareous clay loans that are less than
35 percent clay. These soils are very slightly erodible.
Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control wind
erosion are used.
7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loans that are less than
35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. These soils are
very slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if ordinary
measures to control wind erosion are used.
8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion because of
coarse fragments on the surface or because cf surface
wetness.
h� niND ERODIBILITY INDEX is used in the wind erosion equation (WE0). The index number indicates the
;mount of soil lost in tons per acre per year. The range cf wind erodibility index numbers is 0 to 300.
1.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF
iA€URAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
SOIL FEATURES
Environment, Inc.
Bedrock ' Cemented pan Subsidence Risk of corrosion
Potential
Map symbol frost action; Uncoated
and soil name Depth Hardness Depth Kind Initial Total ; steel ; Concrete
In In In In
� 3
Altvan >60 --- --- --- --- --- Moderate Moderate Low
Altvan >60 --- --- --- --- --- Moderate Moderate Low
3: I I I
Aquolls >60 , --- - - - _ --- ;Moderate High Low
I ,
Aquents,
Gravelly
Substratum >60 --- --- --- --- High High Low
lr _.
BanKard >60 --- --- - - --- --- Low Moderate Low
16:
Colby >60 --- --- --- --- Low Low Low
?1:
Dacono >60 --- - - -- - --- Low High Low
+ ,
1:
Tassel 10-20 Soft --- --- --- --- Low Moderate Low
8: •
Us tic
Torriorthents >60 --- --- --- --- --- Low Moderate Moderate
79:
Weld >60 --- --- --- --- ; --- Moderate High Low
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
IATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
SOIL FEATURES
indnote -- SOIL FEATURES
This report gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves
engineering considerations.
Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil borings and on
observations during soil mapping. The rock is either "Soft" or "Hard". If the rock is "Soft" or fractured, excavations
can be made with trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is "Hard" or massive, blasting or
special equipment generally is needed for excavation.
Cemented pans are cemented or indurated subsurface layers within a depth of 5 feet. Such pans cause difficulty in
excavation. Pans are classified as "Thin" or "Thick". A "Thin" pan is less than 3 inches thick if continuously
indurated or less than 18 inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Excavations can be made by trenching machines,
backhoes, or small rippers. A "Thick" pan is more than 3 inches thick if continuously indurated or more than 18
inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Such a pan is so thick or massive that blasting or special equipment is
needed in excavation.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence
results from either desiccation and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage.
Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period of several years. This report shows the expected initial
subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which usually is a result of oxidation. Not
in the report is subsidence caused by an imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground water throughout
ah _Atensive area as a result of lowering the water table.
Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of
segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost
action occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, permeability,
content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the
potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially
drained. Silty and highly structured clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to
frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil
strength during thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other rigid structures.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens
uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture,
particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete
is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special
site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion environment. The steel
installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than steel in
installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of
corrosion, expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High", is based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical
resistivity near field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High". It is based on soil texture,
acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.
1.5. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 1
(ATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 04/26/00
CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOILS
Environment, Inc.
:The classification report does not include recent amendments to soil taxonomy for cation exchange activity,
)article size modifier, and dual mineralogy for strongly contrasting classes. For more detailed information
:ontact your local USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service field office or state office.
Soil name Family or higher taxonomic class
Altvan ARIDIC ARGIUSTOLLS, FINE-LOAMY OVER SANDY OR SANDY-SKELETAL, MIXED, MESIC
Aquents, Gravelly
Substratum AQUENTS
Aquolls AQUOLLS
Bankard USTIC TORRIFLUVENTS, SANDY, MIXED, MESIC
Colby ARIDIC USTORTHENTS, FINE-SILTY, MIXED (CALCAREOUS), MESIC
Dacono ARIDIC ARGIUSTOLLS, CLAYEY OVER SANDY OR SANDY-SKELETAL, MONTMDRILLONITIC, MESIC
Tassel -. USTIC TORRIORTHENTS, LOAMY, MIXED (CALCAREOUS), MESIC, SHALLOW
Ustic Torriorthents USTIC TORRIORTHENTS
Weld ARIDIC PALEUSTOLLS, FINE, MONTMORILLONITIC, MESIC
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DES. ,ION REPORT
Environment, Inc.
Nap Soil name and description
Symbol
1 Altvan loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
The Altvan soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on terraces from alluvial material. The surface
is a loam. The subsoil is clay loam. The underlying
material is a calcareous loamy sand. The soils have
moderate permeability. Their available water holding
capacity is moderate. Roots penetrate to 20 to 40
inches. Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard due to
wind is moderate.
•
2 Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
The Altvan soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on terraces from alluvial material. The surface
is a loam. The subsoil is clay loam. The underlying
material is a calcareous loamy sand. The soils have
moderate permeability. Their available eater holding
capacity is moderate. Roots penetrate to 20 to 40
inches. Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard due to
wind is moderate.
3 Aquolls and Aquents, Gravelly Substratum
This map unit is on bottom lands and floodplains of all
major streams in the survey area. This unit consists of
60 percent Aquolls and 35 percent Aquents soils. These
soils are deep, and poorly drained. They formed in
recent alluvium. The surface is a mildly alkaline to
moderately alkaline loamy or clayey layer, as well as
the underlying material which is underlain by sand or
sand and gravel within 48 inches. The eater table is at
or near the surface, creating a hydric soil condition.
The erosion hazard due to wind is low.
10 Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
The Bankard soil is a deep, somewhat excessively
drained soil. It is formed on floodplains from
stratified recent alluvium. The surface is a sandy
loam. The underlying material is a calcareous sand
stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and
fine gravel. The soils have moderately rapid
permeability. Their available water holding capacity
is low. Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff
is sloe and the erosion hazard due to wind is severe.
16 ; Colby loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes
This is a deep well drained soil on upland hill and
ridges. It formed in calcareous eolian deposits.
Typically the surface is a pale brown loam about 10 in.
thick. The underlying material is a very pale brown
silt loam to a depth of 60 in. Permeability is
moderate. Available water holding capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 in. or more. Surface
runoff is medium to rapid, and the hazard of water
erosion is moderate.
21 Dacono clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Environment, Inc.
Map ' Soil name and description
Symbol
The Dacono soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on terraces from mixed alluvial material. The
surface is a clay loam, as is the subsoil. The
underlying material is a very gravelly sand. The soils
have moderately slow permeability. Their available
water holding capacity is moderate. Roots penetrate to
20 to 40 inches. Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard
is moderate.
iI Tassel fine sandy loam. 5 to 20 percent slopes
The Tassel soil is a shallow, well drained soil. It is
formed on upland breaks in residuum from sandstone.
The surface is a fine sandy loam. The underlying
material is a very fine sandy loam. The soils have
moderately rapid permeability. Their available water
holding capacity is low. Roots penetrate to the depth
of the sandstone, which ranges from 10 to 20 inches.
Runoff is medium and the erosion hazard due to wind is
severe.
Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep
The Ustic Torriorthents soil is a deep, excessively
drained soil. It is formed on terrace breaks and
escarpments in gravelly alluvium. The surface is a
gravelly sand, as is the underlying material. The
soils have rapid permeability. Their available water
holding capacity is low. Roots penetrate to 60 inches
or more. Runoff is medium and the erosion hazard due
to wind is moderate.
79 Weld loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
The Weld soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on smooth plains from eolian material. The
surface is a loam. The subsoil is a heavy clay loam and
light clay. The underlying material is a silt loam.
The soils have slow permeability. Their available
water holding capacity is high. Roots penetrate to 60
inches or more. Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard
due to wind is low.
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