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Home My WebLink About20012916.tiff/�� 33 �y - 3 .,‘7":, 29 C 10 C: {: 1 • i •; � , k a 5 e x i 82 i 1• s ¢ a r J°5k' = 10 10 41Ir 3 ii ,. .81,,j1IilD ,0 46 :.�₹ 01st x" t .., rii::: (?) 14 33 - • 13 a • 18 34 I^ 21 ` 24 3 (68 1 8 9 1 w ` 10 ,� 41 1,„,,,,,,itle„ T,•„ ,, \ .��39 3 P • 8 '�.. 6 41 p "�i y , Y oC �.' w I i 1• F k- �y�1i • '-�} X3 vK - r ,. F' .M•' ..4 b`«� r ' 3 ✓-ate ' a ' 'sa�"h3 6; • #" 3 � ''l+ '`ry y `• 1 ,mac 4.4111:7( :%...',:,,a ` � "3 !N Powart ( / a a s C ° 23 42 \ 24 \ '¢ -4:114:-..1j e 46 • ,tp '� �', " 1 y"ic 0}'z'' tfi 21 tt at - 'k 21 Q.r , . 1,,, I� . , 10 • 75 ^Sa 1 0Lc, 46 -WOH@0609 F , C 6 g 82 I 3 1 ;' p+}y:z !grit 4 r..: i 77 CV ii"PAri,7,i., a Fj to ¢_ , x ` i .4 • • X4'1 2 n."'� a"A c`u 3 T3 ,44 9 ( R. •2 t. B i 8 1 63 ' * 21 7 9 Ind 1 �' a 4r t .* a 2001-2916 v• lf 40r (tr .. 11'? #,-, 447 ' 1 EXHIBIT t --' q _ 31 I o2S '' : , x A ; 22 - a -z1, i• WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 7 '-„ief description of the soil profile. In each description, The acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit • principal hazards and limitations are indicated, and are given in table 4, and additional information on proper- the management concerns and practices needed are ties, limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many soil discussed. uses is given for each kind of soil in other tables in this The map units on the detailed soil maps represent an survey. (See "Summary of tables.") Many of the terms area on the landscape made up mostly of the soil or soils used in describing soils are defined in the Glossary. for which the unit is named. Most of the delineations shown on the detailed soil map are phases of soil series. Soil descriptions Soils that have a profile that is almost alike make up a soil series. Except for allowable differences in texture of 1—Altvan loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, the surface layer or of the underlying substratum, all the well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major composition, thickness, and arrangement in the profile. A rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that soil series commonly is named for a town or geographic show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, feature near the place where a soil of that series was long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. first observed and mapped. Olney and Nunn, for example, Typically the surface layer of the Altvan soil is grayish 1 are names of two soil series. brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam layer or in the underlying substratum and in slope, ero- about 15 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy Sion, stoniness, salinity, wetness, or other characteristics sand about 6 inches thick over gravelly sand. that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a Permeability and available water capacity are soil series is divided into phases. The name of a soil phase moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. commonly indicates a feature that affects use or manage- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. ment. For example, Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It slopes, is one of several phases within the Olney series. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- Some map units are made up of two or more dominant ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, kinds of soil. Such map units are called soil complexes and and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 undifferentiated groups. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, _A soil complex consists of areas of two or more soils sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The high clay content t are so intricately mixed or so small in size that they and the rapidly permeable substratum slightly restrict ..,nnot be shown separately on the soil map. Each area in- some crops. eludes some of each of the two or more dominant soils, All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- and the pattern and proportion are somewhat similar in rigation is the most common (fig. 4). Proper irrigation all areas. Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes, water management is essential. Barnyard manure and is an example. commercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and soils that could be mapped individually but are mapped as shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well one unit because there is little value in separating them. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing The pattern and proportion of the soils are not uniform. vegetation should be continued for as many years as An area shown on the map has at least one of the domi- nant (named) soils or may have all of them. Loup-Boel possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes, is an undifferentiated have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern group in this survey area. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russianolive, and Most map units include small, scattered areas of soils hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, other than those that appear in the name of the map unit. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Some of these soils have properties that differ substan- This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly tally from those of the dominant soil or soils and thus suitable for openland wildlife, including pheasant, cotton- eould significantly affect use and management of the map tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and amt These soils are described in the description of each alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, Wap unit. Some of the more unusual or strongly contrast- especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and b soils that are included are identified by a special sym- undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- bol on the soil map, dlife populations. Most mapped areas include places that have little or no This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban ail material and support little or no vegetation. Such and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea- I�tea are called miscellaneous areas; they are delineated tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- 'eC the soil map and given descriptive names. Rock out- tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid °"DP is an example. Some of these areas are too small to permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic �` delineated and are identified by a special symbol on tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the P ec Y and map. substratum does not contain enough fines to properly III !, 8 SOIL SURVEY filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a ligh Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer, make up about 35 percent. Abou IIs irrigated. percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam. 2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underly j show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and gra i long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material. brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The wa and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and rece about 14 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years. sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habi Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drain moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by al This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgr is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also promin ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acr and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, al sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgr lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and rush increase. water application. Management of vegetation should be based on tal All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. SI rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage p mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. tices are required to eliminate the saltgrass Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, shrubs commonly grown in the area are are generally well wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. I suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seec vegetation should be continued for as many years as preparation usually requires more than 1 year possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be u have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian olive, and Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this • hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cc lilac, Siberian rian peashrub, and American plum. as well as some food. The nearby irrigated crop] This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, where wildlife obtain much of their food and find prc cotton- tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and openland alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, oOpenland wildlife.land wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unii especially ndiur pheasant.esi Tree l shrub plantings and cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wig- dlife populations. areas.These valuable wildlife areas should be protected • This Altvan a soil has me to good chief limiting for urban fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overus an tures d recreational urban l development. The he h n - w soil fen- livestock. They should not be drained. ti foresubsoil development sitwets are the r es an the l prapidten- These soils have good potential as a source of sand permeability al f the f sand it and and l sus and m rapid gravel. Capability subclass VIw; Salt Meadow range e of the and gravel substratum. Septic p y tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the 4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded. This nearly " I substratum does not contain enough fines to properly map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along I bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the su filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface I Ile irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, N 3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up aboi nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well dr of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inch which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface. e 124 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 12.--ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS [The symbol < means less than; > means greater than. Absence of an entry means data were not estimated] Classification Frag- Percentage passing Soil name and Depth USDA texture 1 ments sieve number-- ;Liquid ; Plas_ map symbol 1 Unified AASHTO > 3 i 1 limit ticity In inches 4 10 40 1 200 1 i index Pot Pct 1, 2 0-10 Loam ;CL-ML A-4 0 90-100 85-100 60-95 150-75 120-30 Altvan 10-25 Clay loam, loam ICL A-6, A- 5-10 25-60 Sand and gravel 1SP, SP-SM A-1 7 0 95-100 95-100 85-100170-80 35-50- 1 NP25 75-95 70-90 25-35 i 0-10 ; --- NP 3*. Aquolls 0-48 Variable 48-60 Sand, gravelly 1SP, SP-SM A-1 0-10 60-90 50-70 30-50 0-10 1 --- NP sand. ' I , Aquents 0-48 Variable I --- ;48-60 Sand and gravel ;SP, SP-SM A-1 0-10 60-90 50-70 30-50 0-10 --- NP 4*• , I I Aquolls 0-60 Variable ; --- --- Aquepts 0-60 Variable 1 --- --- --- --- , 5, 6, 7 0-8 Sandy loam ISM A-2, A-4 0 95-100 90-100 70-95 25-50 15-25 , NP-5 Ascalon 18-18 Sandy clay loam 1SC, CL A-6 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 1 20-40 1 10-20 :18-60 Sandy loam, :SC A-4, A-6 0 95-100 95-100 75-95 35-65 1 20-40 i 5-15 sandy clay ; SM-SC, loam, fine CL, sandy loam. CL-ML 8, 9 0-8 Loam SM A-2, A-4 0 95-100 90-100 70-95 25-50 15-25 NP-5 Ascalon ; 8-18 Sandy clay loam SC, CL A-6 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 i 20-40 10-20 18-60 Sandy loam, SC, A-4, A-6 0 95-100 95-100 75-95 35-65 20-40 5-15 sandy clay SM-SC, loam, fine CL, sandy loam. CL-ML 10 0-4 Sandy loam SM A-2, A-4 0 95-100 90-100 60-70 30-40 NP 9ankard 4-60 Fine sand, sand, SP-SM, SM A-2, 0-5 70-100 60-700 40-70 5-25 --- NP gravelly sand. A_3, A-1 11 , 12 0-16 Sandy loam SM A-1, A-2 0 95-100 75-100 35-50 20-35 15-25 NP-5 Presser 16-25 Sandy clay loam SC A-2, 0 95-100 75-100 50-70 30-50 30-55 10-25 A-6, A-7 25-30 Sandy loam, SC, SM-SC A-2, A-1 0 90-100 60-100 30-60 20-30 25-35 5-15 coarse sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam. 30-60 Loamy coarse SP-SC A-2, A-1 0-5 80-100 35-85 20-50 5-10 20-30 5-10 sand, gravelly loamy sand, very gravelly loamy sand. 13 0-9 Gravelly sandy GM A-1 , A-2 0-15 50-65 50-60 15-40 10-35 --- NP Cascajo loam. 9-31 Very gravelly GP-GM, A-1 0-15 15-50 15-50 5-30 0-20 --- NP sandy loam, GP, GM very gravelly loamy sand, very gravelly sand. 31-60 Very gravelly GP, SP, .A-1 0-15 10-60 10- loamy sand, GP-GM, 60 5-30 0-10 --- NP very gravelly SP-SM sand, gravelly sand. I See footnote at end of table. ' I 7 132 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 14.--SOIL AND WATER FEATURES [Absence of an entry indicates the feature is not a concern. See text for descriptions of symbols and such terms as "rare," "brief," and "perched." The symbol < means less than; > means greater than] Floodin Soil name and Hydro- g High water table Bedrock map symbol logic Frequency ; Duration Months Depth Kind Months ;Depth Hard- Bo frost al group Ft ness action In i, 2 B None Altvan i --- >6.0 --- >60 --- Moderate. 3*: Aquolls D Frequent-- - ;Brief Apr-Jun 0.5-1 .0 Ap parent Apr-Junk >60 --- High. Aquents D Frequent---- ;Brief Apr-Jun 0.5-1.0 Apparent Apr-Jun; >60 --- High. 4*• Aquolls D Frequent----;Brief Apr-Jun 0.5-1.5 Apparent Apr-Junl >60 --- High. Aquepts D Frequent---- Brief Apr-Jun 0.5-1.5 Apparent Apr-Jun >60 --- High. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 B None --- >6.0 --- >60 --- Moderate. Ascalon ---0 10ankard A Frequent Brief Mar-Jun >6.0 --- --- >60 --- Low. 11 , 12 B None Bresser --- >6.0 --- --- >60 Moderate. 13 A None --- >6.0 Cascajo --- --- >60 --- Low. 14, 15, 16, 17---- B None >6.0 --- Colby --- --- >60 --- --- Lou. 18*: Colby B None --- >6.0 --- --- >60 --- Low. Adena C None --- >6.0 -__ --- >60 --- Low. 79, 20 B Rare --- >6.0 --- >60 --- Colombo --- Moderate. 21 , 22 Dacono C None --- --- >6.0 --- _-- >60 Lou. 23, 24 B None to rare --- --- >6.0 6' Fort Collins --- I --- >60 --- Low. +j 25, 26 B Rare to Brief Haverson May-Sep >6.0 --- --- >60 --- Low. common. 27, 28 C None ___ --- >6.0 --- --- >60 --- Heldt Low. 29, 30 A None --- >6.0 g --- I --- >60 --- Moderate. Julesbur 31 , 32, 33, 34---- B None Kim ___ --- >6.0 --- --- >60 --- Low. 35*: Loup D Rare to Brief Mar-Jun +.5-1.5 Apparent 'Nov-May >60 --- Moderate. a common. Boel A 9 Occasional Brief Mar-Jun 1 .5-3.5 Apparent Nov-May >60 --- Moderate. 36*: g Midway D None --- >6.0 --- --- 1 10-20 Rip- Low. pable 4 See footnote at end of table. i t WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 129 TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS [T" symbol ( means less than; > means greater then. The erosion tolerance factor (T) is for the entire profile. Absence of an entry means data were not available or were not estimated] Risk of corrosion Erosion Wind Soil name and 'Depth Permea- Available Soil Salinity Shrink- factors erodi- map symbol bility water reaction swell Uncoated Concrete bility capacity potential steel K T group In In/hr In/in 211 Mmhos/cm r r 1 , 2 0-10 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24 6.6-7.8 --- Low Moderate Low 0.24 3 5 Altvan 10-25 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0.28 25-60 >20 0.02-0.04 7.4-9.0 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 10 3": Aquolls 0-48 --- --- --- --- 48-60 >20 0.04-0.06 7.4-8.4 2-16 Low High Moderate --- Aquents 0-48 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 148-60 >20 0.04-0.06 7.4-8.4 2-16 Low High Moderate --- 4i: Aquolls 1 0-60 --- --- --- --- Aquepts I 0-60 --- --- --- --- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 I 0-8 0.6-6.0 0.11-0. 16 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Low Low 0. 17 5 3 Ascalon ; 8-18 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0.24 18-60 0.6-6.0 0.11-0. 15 7.9-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.24 10 0-4 2.0-6.0 0.09-0. 12 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.10 5 3 Bankard 4-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.08 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.10 11 , 12 0-16 0.6-6.0 0.11-0.13 6.1-7.3 --- Low Low Low 0.10 5 2 Bresser 16-25 0.6-2.0 0. 15-0.18 6.6-7.3 --- Low Moderate Low 0. 15 25-30 0.6-6.0 0.10-0.13 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low Low 0.10 30-60 2.0-20 0.05-0.08 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low Low 0. 10 1 0-9 2.0-6.0 0.07-0.09 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 10 5 8 t,_.aajo 9-31 6.0-20 0.05-0.08 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.10 31-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.06 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 10 14, 15, 16, 17 0-7 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24 6.6-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.37 5 4L Colby 7-60 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.22 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.37 18": Colby 0-7 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24 6.6-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.37 5 4L 7-60 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.22 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.37 Adena 0-6 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.37 5 5 6-9 0.06-0.2 0.16-0.18 6.6-7.8 <2 High High Low 0.24 9-60 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.32 19, 20 0-14 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.13 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.32 5 5 Colombo 14-21 0.6-2.0 0. 14-0. 16 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low 0.28 21-60 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.16 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.28 21 , 22 0-12 0.2-0.6 0.19-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0.24 3 5 Dacono 12-21 0.2-0.6 0.15-0.21 7.4-8.4 <2 High High Low 0.24 21-27 0.2-2.0 0.13-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low 0.15 27-60 >20 0.03-0.05 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0. 10 23, 24 0-7 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.20 5 6 Fort Collins 7-11 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-7.8 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0.20 11-60 0.6-2.0 0.16-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.20 25, 26 0-4 , 0.6-2.0 0.14-0. 18 6.6-8.4 <8 Low High Low 0.28 5 4L Haverson ; 4-601 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.18 7.4-8.4 <8 Low High Low 0.28 27, 28 ' 0-6010.06-0.6 0.12-0.17 7.9-9.0 <8 High High High 0.28 5 4 Heldt i • See footnote at end of table. 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