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NONIE:HNICd 3 DES( ,PILN ENOEi
The Yard
Nap Soil name and description
S--ho1
44 Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes
The Olney soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on smooth plains in mixed outwash deposits. The
surface is a loamy sand. The subsoil is a sandy clay
loam. The underlying material is a calcareous fine
sandy loam. The soils have moderate permeability.
Their available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow
and the erosion hazard due to wind is high.
70 Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes
The Valent soil is a deep, excessively drained soil.
It is formed on plains from eolian material. The
surface is a sand, as is the underlying material. The
soils have rapid permeability. Their available water
holding capacity is moderate. Roots penetrate to 60
inches or more. Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard
due to wind is high.
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 01/5/01
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
The Yard
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Shallow Dwellings ; Dwellings Small Local roads Lawns and
and soil name excavations without ; with commercial and streets ; landscaping
basements basements buildings
44:
Olney Severe: Slight Slight Slight Slight Moderate:
cutbanks cave draughty
70:
Valent Severe: Slight Slight Moderate: Slight ;Severe:
cutbanks cave ; slope ; draughty
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 01/5/01
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Endnote -- BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are
"Slight", "Moderate", or "Severe". The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features are
generally favorable for the indicated use and limitaions are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties
or site features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to
overcome or minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so
difficult to overcome that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased
maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies may be required where the soil limitations are severe.
SHALLOW EXCAVATIONS are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves, utility lines,
open ditches, and other purposes. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of
the soils. The ease of digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very
firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the year that excavations can be made is
affected by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of
the excavation walls or bands to sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table.
DWELLINGS AND SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS are structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed soil. The load
limit is the same as that for single-family dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made for small
commercial buildings without basements, for dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without basements. The ratings
are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. A high water table, depth to bedrock
or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping
an' trading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered.
LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They
have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a
flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally properties, site features, and observed performance of the
soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of
excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell
potential, frost action potential, and depth to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.
LAWNS AND LANDSCAPING require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and
maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil
reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper 40
inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope,
stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation
is established.
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 01/5/01
SANITARY FACILITIES
The Yard
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Septic tank Sewage lagoon Trench Area ; Daily cover
and soil name absorption areas sanitary ; sanitary for landfill
fields landfill landfill
44: ;
Olney Moderate: Severe: Moderate: ;Slight Fair:
percs slowly seepage too sandy ; too sandy
i
70: '
Valent Severe: Severe: Severe: ;Slight (Poor:
poor filter seepage too sandy ; seepage,
' too sandy
I
I 1
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NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 01/5/01
SANITARY FACILITIES
Endnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, sewage lagoons,
and sanitary landfills. The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features generally are
favorable for the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties or site
features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or
minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome
that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required.
This report also shows the suitability of the soils for use as daily cover for landfills. A rating of "Good" indicates
that soil properties and site features are favorable for the use and good performance and low maintenance can be
expected; "Fair" indicates that soil properties and site features are moderately favorable for the use and one or
more soil properties or site features make the soil less desirable than the soils rated "Good"; and "Poor" indicates
that one or more soil properties or site features are unfavorable for the use and overcoming the unfavorable
properties requires special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.
SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION FIELDS are areas in which effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil through
subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that part of the soil between depths of 24 to 72 inches is evaluated. The
ratings are base on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, a high
water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones
and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with installation. Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank absorption fields,
including excessively slow absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside seepage, can affect public health.
Groundwater can be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the
base of the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the surface. There must be
ur--'urated soil material beneath the absorption field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances
r re that this material be of a certain thickness.
SEWAGE LAGOONS are shallow ponds constructed to hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the solid and liquid
wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted soil. Lagoons
generally are designed to hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly impervious soil material for the lagoon
floor and sides is required to minimize seepage and contamination of ground water. This report gives ratings for
the natural soil that makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material
below the surface layer are excavated to provide material for the embankments. The ratings are based on soil
properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, a
high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of organic matter.
Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the level of sewage
in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater
overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon because it
inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can cause construction problems, and large stones can
hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.
SANITARY LANDFILLS are areas where solid waste is disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of landfill,
trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and covered daily
with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in successive layers on the
surface of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil form a source away
from the site. Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of
groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation need to be considered. The ratings in this report are based
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 01/5/01
SANITARY FACILITIES
Endnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued
on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders,
highly organic layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium affect trench type landfills. Unless otherwise
stated, the ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a
limitation rate "Slight" or "Moderate" may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.
DAILY COVER FOR LANDFILL is the soil material that is used to cover compacted solid waste in an area type sanitary
landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.
Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope affect the ease of removing and spreading the material during wet
and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best cover for a
landfill. Clayey soils may be sticky or cloddy and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to soil
blowing. After soil material has been removed, the soil material remaining in the borrow area must be thick enough
over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a
landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer generally has the best workability, more organic matter than
the rest of the profile, and the best potential for plants. Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled for use
as the final cover.
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