HomeMy WebLinkAbout20021707.tiff 04/25x2002 1E.: 14 3035591 S BRIGHTON USDA PAGE 01
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USDA NATURAL RESOURCES
CONSERVATION SERVICE
57 West Bromley Lane, Brighton, CO 80601
To; Veeorlco- (¢n-1-rel3 From: Andrea Vialpando
Phone: Ciao\ iei5 - x41+'1 Phone: (303) 659-4177 X 114
Fax,: Ca,o) 11%- 63'B Fax: (303) 659-1768
Pages: 8 including cover page
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94/25./29a2 1E: 14 393659178 BRIGHTON USDA PAGE 93
7
WELD COUNT?, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART
brief deocription of the soil profile. In each description, The acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit
the principal hazards and limitations are indicated, and are given in table 4, and additional information on proper-
the management concerns and practices needed are ties, limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many soil
discussed. uses is given for each kind of soil in other tables in this
The map units on the detailed soil maps represent an survey- (See "Summary of tables.") Mary of the terms
area on the landscape made up mostly of the soil or soils used in describing soils are defined in the Glossary.
for which the unit is named. Most of the delineations
shown on the detailed soil map are phases of soil series. Soil descriptions
Sots that have a profile that is almost alike make up a
8041 sera. Except for allowable differences in texture of 1—Altvan loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
the surface layer or of the underlying substratum, all the well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900
soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major
composition, thickness, and arrangement in the profile. A rivers. included in mapping are small areas of soils that
soil series commonly is named for a town or geographic show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small,
feature near the place where a soil of that series was long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits.
Bret observed and mapped. Olney and Nunn, for example, Typically the surface layer of the Altvan soil is grayish
are names of two soil series. brown loam about 10 iruhea thick. The subsoil is brown
Soils of one series can differ In texture of the surface and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam
layer or in the underlying substratum and in slope, ero- about 16 inches thick The substratum is calcareous loamy
slot, stoniness, salinity, wetness, or other characteristics sand about 6 inches thick over gravelly sand.
that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a Permeability and available water capacity are
soil series in divided into phases.The name of a sail phase moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches.
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or manage- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
went. For example, Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 8 percent This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
slopes,is one of several phases within the Olney series. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
Some map units are made up of two or more dominant ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
kinds of soil. Such map units are called soil complexes and and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 8
undifferentiated groups. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
A soil complex consists of areas of two or more soils sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The high clay content
that are so intricately mixed or so small in size that they and the rapidly permeable substratum slightly restrict
rte"'- • cannot be shown separately on the soil map. Each area in- some crops.
eludes some of each of the two or more dominant soils, All Methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
and the pattern and proportion are somewhat similar in rigation is the most common (5g. 4). Proper irrigation
all areas. Midway-Shingle complex, 6 to 20 percent slopes, water management is essential Barnyard manure and
is an example. commercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
An undifferentiated could be tad group is made up of two or more Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
soils that could be mapped individually but are mapped as
one unit because there is little value in separating them. shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
The pattern and proportion of the soils are not uniform. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
An area shown on the map has at least one of'the donde vegetation should be continued for as many years as
nant (named) soils or may have all of them. Loup-Boel possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and
loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes, is an undifferentiated have gocd survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
group in this survey area. redeedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
Most map units include small, scattered areas of soils hackberry. The shrubs best suited are slcunkbush sumac,
other than those that appear in the name of the map unit. lilac,Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
Some of these soils have properties that differ substan- This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly
tially from those of the dominant soil or soils and thus suitable for openland wildlife, including pheasant, cotton-
could significantly affect use and management of the map tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and
unit These soils are described in the description of each alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife,
map unit. Some of the more unusual or strongly contrast- especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and
ing soils that are included are identified by a special sym- undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil-
boi on the soil map. dlife populations.
Most mapped areas include places that have little or no This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban
soil material and support little or no vegetation. Such and recreational development The chief limiting soil lea-
places are called miscellaneous areas; they are delineated tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten-
on the soil map and given descriptive names. Rock out- tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid
crop is an example, Some of these areas are too small to permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic
he delineated and are identified by a special symbol on tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the
the soil map. substratum does not contain enough fines to properly
04/25/2002 16: 1 30365917=•8 BRIGHTON USDA PAGE @
9O11, SURVEY
.rte 8 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter
about 35 percent. About i
Liter ,the lbs e Sewage wll, pr bilit sealing. nd eke updbout loam.er
Lawry, shrubs,e and trees grow weA. Capability subclass colored is Aquepts
a a make uP
percent is oorly drained soils that formed in
Its-rgated- ical. hat ome the
2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are, cep, p
mildly alkaline to moderately n
well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent aLuvium. No one pedon is YP
feet. It formed in old are deposited by small areas ofthe soils hat kaline loamy or or soils have a t clayey surface layer and underlying
al-
rivers. l
Included in mappingd
show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and ate underlain by sand or sand and grave
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in the
Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material.brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water
yellowieh brown clay loan: ad loam table is at or near the light
inches thick- The substratum i sandy clay
g s calcareous loamy to a surface
s deep as 48 inches late fall in some ry and recedes
ears.
about 14d
sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly w sand. Some e small areas have used for been reclaimed by major d wildlife habitat.
Permeability The and available depth
s coo 4 inches.are and leveling and are used for irrigated crops.
moderate. The ee. and ee ro is 20 t 40low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali
Surface Thi runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is low.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, awiehgrass, and western wheatgrass, Sal:grasa,
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system ie 8 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years.a As
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass,
li
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgrass,
lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and fist, increase.
water application. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and coin- mg is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac-
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields, tires are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod.
asa Windbreaeaks and environmental plantins of trees and Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tail
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding They
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seedbed
vegetation should be continued for as many years as preparation usually requires more than 1 year to
possible following l planting. Trees that are beatsuited and eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used.
have good survival are b Mountain juniper,sn-O easve, and Seeding early in spring has proven most successful.
hacicb ar, ponderosa bpine, Siberian elm, Russkunk u h and Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit.
lilac,
Siberian
The ahhru best suited and lkunkbuah sumac, The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover,
al ac, Siberian neproduc, and American plum. as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
This for can produce habitat dlie including elements pheasant,at are cotthigon-ly where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec-
ted, mourning
wildlife copse at, cotton- the cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
tail, and morlrning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and o niand
alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, Qpend wildlife.wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for
undisturbed stb pheasant.nsi Tree and shrub plantings and cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in same
nesting cover would enhance openland ail-
Cafe populations. areas.TheBevaluablewhldlife areas should be protected froze
This reation soil has min to good potlimiting ential for urban fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse bl
and recreational urban development. The s n soil fen- livestock. They should not be drained.
titerse for u development se it we are the dries shrink-swell tth api These soils have good potential as a source of sand an(
par af the subsoil as it ands and and me rapid ravel- Capability subclass Viw; Salt Meadow range site.
tankabserp of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic e g 4—Aquolls and Aquepta, flooded. This nearly leve
tank ratum io does ot fcan to n enough but in places the map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along th
fif terratnm not Sewage se enough fines t sealing.properly bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the serve.
Lawns,the lbs, and e. sgrow lagoons require ab bcass
shrubs, trees well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface lanes
lie irrigated make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, whic
3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 2
nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well draine
of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches e
which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface.
04/25/2002 16: 14_ 303659176^ BRIGHTON USDA ^ PAGE 05
12 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
development. Increased population growth in the survey cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The pheasant and mourning dove, Many nongame species can
chief limiting soil features for urban development are the be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and dries cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septic tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
tank absorption fields function properly, but community ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
sewage systems should be provided if the population den- land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at-
sity increases. Because of the moderately rapid permea- tracted by managing livestock grazing and reseeding
bility of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. where needed.
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass This soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop-
Ile irrigated. ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclass
10—Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This IVw irrigated, VIw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land
is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on flood range site.
plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. It formed in 11—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is
stratified recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In- a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700
eluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bars to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the
and small areas of noncalcareous soils. South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas
Typically the surface layer of this Bombard soil is of soils that have sand and gravelly sand in the lower
brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The underlying part of the substratum.
material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sandy loam
sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish
fine gravel. brown sandy clay loam about 19 inches thick The sub-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or Permeability and available water capacity are
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
low. more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and low
subject to flooding. Pasture is the best use. Tall wheat- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops- It
grass, tall fescue, and annual sweetclover are some of the
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
moat suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
amount and value of forage produced. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
The potential native vegetation is dominated by sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
sideoats indiangrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, tires are needed to maintain top yields.
sided is grams, needleandthread, and blue grams. Much AU methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow of this range site includes other soils and vegetation in
ir-
such a complex pattern that it is difficult to map them rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds martial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
per acre in favorable years to 1,500 pounds in unfavorable Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
grasses decrease; blue grama, sand dropseed, and forbs establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
increase, and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip Of
and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
poorer. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Management of vegetation should be based on taking periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive. and hackberry. The
to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
reedgraes, sideoats grama, little bluestem; blue grama, pu- an peashrub.
bescent wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass are Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soiL
suitable fcr seeding. This soil can be seeded by using an Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
interseeder or a firm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
is required. Seeding early In spring has proven most sue- nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
cessful. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
This soil is generally not suited to the establishment for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
and growth of trees and shrubs. Onsite investigation is agriculture.
needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
shrub species. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
04/25/2002 1E: 14 303E5917r' BRIGHTON USDA es, PAGE OE
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 31
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
managing livestock grazing and reseeding where needed titing only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
This soil has good potential for urban development. The vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability may he needed at the time of planting and during dry
u. the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water periods. Trees that are beet suited and have good survival
contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sun- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
face layer is a limitation for recreational development. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grr,w well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
capability subclass IlIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plaine range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
45--Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent elopes. This is a cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongatne species can
e,200 feet. It farmed in mixed outwash deposits. Included he attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and shale within a depth of 60 inches and some small tial and should be ineiuded in plans for habitat develop-
leveled areas. rnent, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Obey soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can he
brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yel- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
lowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam about managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is This soil has good potential for urban development. The
very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability
Permeability and available water capacity are in the substratum, which causes a hazard of'ground water
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur-
more. Surface runoff is slew, and the erosion hazard if face layer is a limitation for recreational development.
low. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, VI nonirrigated; Sandy
moldy grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or Plains range site.
esbse grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of 46--Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to I percent slopes.
ee time. Close grown crops and pasture can be irrigated This is a deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at eleva-
with contour ditches and corrugations. Furrows, contour tions of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash
furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- have a dark surface layer and some small leveled areas.
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- Typically the surface layer of this Obey soil is grayish
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility and organic matter con- brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil
tent is important. Crops respond to barnyard manure and is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay learn
commercial fertilizer, about 15 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60
The potential native vegetation on this range site is inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrasa, and blue Permeability and available water capacity are
grams. Needieandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential more.. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors- low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
• and switchgras decrease and blue grama; sand dropseed, ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
the site as range condition becomes poorer. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
On taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tices are needed to maintain top yields.
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. .All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
grams, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally should meet the seasonal requirements of Livestock. It can suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
be seeded into clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
drilled into a ru^n prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
/'ring has proven most, successful. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
Wndbreaks and environmental plantings are generally may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
suited to ehle eon, Soil blowing, the principal hazard in periods. Trees that are best suited an have good survival
0ai25;2002_16: 14 .. 303559176^ BRIGHTON USDA ^ PAGE 97
SOIL SURVEY
n 32
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
pine. Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackbe.rry- The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grams, sand dropsee ,
an peashrub.life
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for species
ring-necked g is desirable eav if the range o inal poou condition.
pheasant and mourning dove- Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the tisotal annual produc-
ce r-Foattracted by establishing ns, nis areas for nesting and escape Lian. Seeding wheatgrass are coats
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand
reedgrass,and pubescent
switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- gble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
inept,Rapid expansion
in areas af intensive eyand he surroue.
expansion of Greeley the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
has resulted in urbanization
potential much
recreational firm prepared Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum
edbed.ubSeedingr it can earlybein drilled
ng thas
This e soil has goodhe
development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most subreaks and eu.
rapidhazardp of egr and &water contamination fromn the substratum, whichc sewage suitedauses a dto this soil. Soill wing1 henvironmenta n principal hazard in
lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees
shandree rubs and be controlled by cub
by leaving a strip of
tinting only
class I irrigated.
17--Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and du survival
ring dry
4,600 to 6,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have goodonderosa
Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, p
dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- shrubs best.Siberian
areskunkbushe, and swna, lilac,an Siberi-
Typically
eluded. shrubs
the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. use of this soil. The
--� brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary
is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland sa areasdnproviideg. dove. Ma hay bitat
for ring-necked
r
about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 p
inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas nesting and esca
for p&
Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen
moderate: The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is e land ,e especdlife,ially rz r� of intensivepv agriculture.
gricantelope,I Ran e
low. facilities
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- attracted by developing livestock
needed.
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, reseeding
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding are.
pie of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soi
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreation&
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderatel
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes
methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewag
the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capabilit
tilizer are needed for top yields. .. subclass Ile irrigated,- IVe nonirrigated; Sandy flair
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slope
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations c
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposit
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that has
Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches.
lags are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is gray,':
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The an
The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine .ean<
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 Inches thick. The substratum to a depth
grams. Needleandthread, switchgrase, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity a.
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches
04./25/2002 15:14 30355917"`Q _ BRIGHTON USDA ^ PAGE 05 IllInrillielemmell SOIL SURVEY
44
pacity is low.
r--
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is The e effective rooting depth ty is rapid. Availables 60inchesroramore. Surface
too low to lc beneficial use of fertilizer.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tit- runoff is medium,and the erosiur hazard is modera
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grams, sand reedgrass, blue grams,
te.loge are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandtbread. Potential
western wheatgraes and blue grams. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years on to 200
pounds
t sn sithe tunf and mide r . A9
range conch-
per e
acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable rams and hairy grama increase, a forage production
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama
drops.
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in• Management of vegetation should be based on taking
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz-
Makaghail of leaving eh on this soil should lb based ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and
on taking half and half of the total annual prrableoduc- mechanical treatment are impractical.
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are i
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgraes, not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation ie needed to
blue grams, sideoats grams, buffae e, pubescent determine if plantings are feasible.
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage
scants of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable
LW. habitat on these soils.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and potential is poor for urban and recreational develop-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse
suited to this sail. Cultivation to control competing textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Cape
-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as bility subclass Vile irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel
possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and Breaks range site.
,.--. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
redeedar. ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained *oil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to
• hackberry- The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 6,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches-
cropland areal provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typical y the surface layer is brown sand about 8
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be iew. Intensive
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping.
managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because. of erosion. The cropping
This soil has pobr potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
development. Slow permeability and high shrink•swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir-
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Cape- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
bility subclass Hie irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
6$—Ustic Torriurthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used
deep. excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin-
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar-
formed in gravelly alluvium and have Spec of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain
percent- Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grams,
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandtbread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand- favorable years to 1,300 pounds in unfavorable years. AS
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