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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20020840 USR-1280 AMENDED APPLICATION SECTION 8 SOILS REPORT KERR-MCGEE GATHERING LLC Proposed Amine Plant at the Platteville Compressor Station under USR-1280 Township 3 North,Range 66 West Section 13: W2NE4SE4,E2NW4SE4 Weld County,Colorado 2002-0840 II /`_ ) ) AMENDED USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW - AMUSR 1280 AMINE PLANT AT W2NE4SE4, E2NW4SE4 - SECTION 13 -T 3 N - R 66 W PLATTEVILLE WELD COUNTY, COLORADO COMPRESSOR STATION 20" INLET PIPELINE nnl / 3 /cot 12"OUTLET PIPELINE 1 r. .. ..„, , �_s_ F z SOIL TYPE(SCS,1980) SHALLOW Wa"u LDRA NT J1 r(/` ®uuowrooEFr WELL DRAINED.CauruR movmrouONr RD f S r I .( ,{ \v x,e 1 :/ YEuamS„BROWN CLAY Low. f FLI.1. \� 00VAUNT SAND 0703 PERLEM SLOPES:DEEP.WEI.I F'i rW `�\liaj--. _ , — I [ A DRAPED BR OM SAW RCEM SLOFES:OEID.WEl1 7, I` -p 1 _ 3•a_ li VONA Loon WC 0 TO S PERCENT SLOPES:DEEP,WELL I I ' % S°Pe°.BROWN OAAPOP SANDY LO •RwmLoum IL MI- "( / 73VOIw LONAY SAND.3 TO!PERCENT SLOPES DEEP.WELL •• �r 1 II_ ` OWED auWSR BROM AND YELLOWSR BROWN LOAMY .1r_- SWOMO FINE SANDY LOAM. Si...'.-Ll. • I PEf£WFXfE:CRIB4.IWFA A.IAl09pL511RVEY OF LJAI1( (('• I j. 1 h L.r REI➢ENCE:CCCIpUDJ.S0U100 SOIL SURVEY $ a/J _ latPROPO _ r,on_ newscverT a sreca eaten I NAME UNIT _ C „___ own il IS mil °wawa wand mom cassoall PEKE maAn'owirov am ro!lama KERR-MCGEE GATHERING LLC. 1999 BROADWAY-SUITE 3600 DENVER,COLORADO 80202 PLAT SCALE: 1'=200' PHONE(303)296-3600 BOUNDARY OF USE BY SPECIAL PERMIT JANUARY 17,2002 rf ss • " o r' • d fir s t,. . o■ ..t;s rt1.rifr its lig • soil survey �} n t, _n-> 3 tio � h" T v_ Weld Coun ratio tt r J • Southern Part I` tl �al i 7 4.1 • • rya Et r` V • k ' •• r ..' 3afgn�" rX` tom; • 'h• F i K.'f • # f 1 fi I �' '.tCxl•IaV4tJ hp u�it t • f�`l '�'C.C �Ix.�5�ee.. ^ fi d 'I ti e l r• r1dH• ! r'jt y l if e A Fy f p. ya tk n t iiV, rl * 17 •ice •� I. lI fl ,r'� N: c I 6, d 1 r 1 t ;.e .:. •<4 - L 3.c.1 t��IVj'r,4r1,•••••• United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station WE :OUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 43 l faci)livesteek and also are)life utilized)by le various wildlife spe. Livestock cies.TI a mantaln or livestock. It e wane l can be meet see le Into sale clean, firm c+^'and areas provide favorable habitat for pheasant and sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared a Aug Bova. Many nontniou •Ilaeli, unit nu nLti'iwlud Ibud. S ling early in spring has proven most success- by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. fid. The underlying shale is the most limiting feature of Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and lly grown in the is l. Neither r tank absorptionields nor sewage shale suite I torubs nnthisonsoil. Cultivation area to control competing lly well haslagoons s properly.fuhr tin places has high shrink-swell potential. Environmental and beau- vegetation should be continued for as many years as tification plantings of trees and shrubs can be difficult to possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and establish. Capability subclass lVe irrigated, Vle nonir- have good survival are pine, elm y Mountain jun per, ea v stand ern righted; Loamy Plains range site. redcedar,c . ponderosa 66—Ulm clay loam, 11 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 5,075 to lilac, Siberian peas1 nib, :old American plum. 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments from Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The shale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked have shale between 40 and 60 inches. Also included are pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can small areas of soils where the surface layer and subsoil be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape have been recharged with lime from irrigation. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Typically the surface layer of this Ulm soil is brown tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- clay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and meat, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- pale brown clay about 14 inches thick. The substratum to landw wildlife,d for y evielopin example, the l ong pronghorn wa antelopef, can be a depth of 60 inches is clay and clay loam. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. The effective rooting depth is110 inches or more. Surface This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops coin- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Cape- monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, Wily subclass Ile irrigated, I Ve nonirrigated; Clayey beans, alfalfa, and small grain. An example of a suitable Plains range site. s is a roping system is 4 years of alfalfa followed beans. deep, welly clay drainedram. 3 to 5 soil on plains at elevations of 5ercent slopes. ,075 to ., corning isilage, sugaring beets, small 1, Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines are 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments front needed for proper water applications. shale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- have shale between depths of 40 and 60 inches. Also in- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and coin- chided l hav e r� rgewithsmall areas of been ba where the surface ilayer rriga- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. al d In noni rrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, Lion. barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted Lo Typically Lhe surface of this Ulm soil is brown clay winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam abort 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years brown clay about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is depth or 0 inc a is s� clayw. and lclay loam. y water capacity is high. too tlow b for ulchfi arm inuse of fertilizer. Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum Lil- The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. In irrigated areas the area. Pehis rennial is suitetdatoethe crops ca orThe potential native vegetation is dominated by molly grown western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue granna-bad- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- crops. Sprinklere to inmmrigad ion is utilizin also d esirable. ee help to con- Management of site as range on becomes ssoi poorer. M:unugerucnnt of vegetation on this soil should be based Lrul erosion. Maintaining fertility is irnport: nt. Crops on taking half and leaving half or the total annual product- respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, if the range is in poor condition. We8Le191 whuntgli,sn, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to _ajue grama, sidcoats grama, buffalogratss, pubescent winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels •.eatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 44 ^ SOIL SURVEY c allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low. too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. ge needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little en__.ng also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grams, The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable resent Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi- ,,er acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production dograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops. ade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and on. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical. ' the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to blue grama,and idrests grama, buffalograss,suitable s, pubescent for determine if plantings are feasible. •heatg crested are for seed- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary Ig. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in ear ly Seeding early in spring has proven most success- managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable iI. habitat on these soils. Windbreaks and environmental l plantings of trees and Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop- -limbs commonly grown in the area are generally well ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse uited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa- vegetation should be continued for as many years as bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and Breaks range site. ave good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern GO—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, edcrkir, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to I:ac. ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It fanned in eolian deposits. Included in lilac. Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches. ,ropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 e attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand. over. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is GO inches or ••lent, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is and wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- 'evelopment. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 hility subclass TIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small lairs range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. G8—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin- •scarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar- armed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production. sand have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The bluestem,osandalredgr sscon is switchgrass,nated by sideoats grams, naterial. Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Paten- about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production favorable years uti to 1 e00pounds ranges fromm2, unfavorable 00 pounds per years. As n of P":ches is pale brown gravelly sand. WELD C NTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART ^ 45 ige condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand ..itchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, luestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten- fe ."---eases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in .1 ' .vout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As ecomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand n. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade and bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition ideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer. for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based .Jwing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. eding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, magement also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- inge. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the ited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush ig trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated a planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range. tween the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally .Aure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to irvival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible. nderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- a skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, ropland areas provide 'favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. easant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The at*"ted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and )ver. Jr pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption -1 and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- 4 ant, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage Lad wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs, , ttracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, ; =paging livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This I� rimary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges, ;i "d the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at ;4 in fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up i' .:alum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per- ii ggoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu- il ;l rubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions F sated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes. 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It xcessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is ' 00 feet. It fonned in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material y ipping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand. epth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is ,at have sandstone between 40 and GO inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is _nd about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low. epth of 60 inches is brown sand. 'rhe Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark :derate. The effective rooting depth is GO inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. lore. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light w ^ brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam. 46 ' — SOIL SURVEY Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine Dandy loam about 16 inches thick. moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. spring and about 36 inches below the surface iu fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water ice runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low. dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or sideoats grama. Potential production ranges front 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row bluestem decrease; sandhill mutely and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, anti winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. switchgrass, sand bluestem, indialgrass, little bluestem. Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grams, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. sand dropseed, sedge, and nosh increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue becomes poorer. Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grans. Need leandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestenn, sideoats and westernwheatgrassfrom pounds acre in n are also prominent. to tial grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue pdranges mama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,300 pounds in unfavorable years. As range is proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer. pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, oinonaSeedingi half is desirable half of the e ton apnnual produc- and llo . T reseeding where needed. The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wit- grania, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and iniscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful. to develop. Capability subclass Vie irrigated, VIe nonir- suited Windbreaks il asnd environmental vng a plantingsand available alwater Ll oup rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. 72—Noon loamy sand. 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between ens the rows.T Supplemental es that are best sigation is needed to n red and have good formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked winches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can . ..•--, r 47 WELD CC Y,. COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART :tracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected er. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can inc' ould be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be „ e. _daily in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in ,4 wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sprig g has proo and envt ironmental successful. plantings are fairly well ratted ibyv developing livestock watering ded. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water I ds so livestock grazing,pe and reseeding where nre Lion. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees ,is soil has good potential for urban and recreational and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be ; alopment. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and Planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained es row well. The chief limiting soil feature is the between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed 1 permeability ground in the substratum, which causes a to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have rd of ground water development contamination from limitedsew by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western ;sus. In places recreational soilws . Capability sicla leby redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs , susceptibility to soil blowing. Plains range y subclass IIIe best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian sled, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains site. peashrub. 1—Venn loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The ap, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked ' terraces at luvl pf i s. Included0 to e in0 feet gt pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can • led in eolian or alluvial deposits. in mapping be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Is that have a loamy substratum and some areas of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- > that are non calcareous to a depth of 60 inches. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- I. ypieally the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be nvn. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, ii ',es is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. I. .� swish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational subs tratum substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and 'I Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the icily is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a ,es" more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard of ground water contamination from sewage I zan, sow. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by y This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe • (ping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, Vie nonirrigaled; Sandy Plains range site. I -dping system should be limited to such close grown 44—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a i ops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at li 'rrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian LI rs of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that sin and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non- Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can .�' be calcareous to a depth of GO inches. 'I d in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper aklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine ,rnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish �. an good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub- , 'he potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. 1• „ainated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue permeability is moderately rapid. Available water , •ama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 1 western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion { ''I duction ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low. e years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is I 1 mdition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue I switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats drama, I sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and en ranges western wheatgrass from are 00 palso ods omiperaent in Potential €� ,e site as range condition becomes poorer. prod Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, .,.1. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grams, sand dropseed, II andl-luestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats anti sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade .m lue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer. II ' 48 SOU. SURVEY n Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in --loon. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and in the the rows. Supplemental l irrigation of and bluestem, sand reeclgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip o great, blue reams, pubescent din and crelected g wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected may be necessary at the time of planting and during the should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in Ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackber- spring ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Windbreaks and environmental successful. wellSiberian peashrub. k a lowinms sand dl dw are fairly water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. suited capacity to this soil. Blowing and low available Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- g dsh are the principal hazards in establishing dt be game species can be attracted by establishing areas for planted ad ns. This soil is so s loose an that Lions should be nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans between the rows. Supplementaleth re best suited may be needed ae for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive to insure survival. Trees that are best and have agriculture. good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern This soil has good potential for urban and recreational re , ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- peashrub stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Its geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, call irrigated. be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed are in solisome leveled an and development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and alluvial deposits. Included in mapping trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare- '^hazard of ground water contamination from sewage ous to a depth of 60 inches. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is ! brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub- irrigated, V fe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains ran a site. 75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of permeability is moderately rapid. Available water 4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion soils that have a loamy substratum. grayish hazard s low. areas this soil is suited to all crops com- Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is In irrigated brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is moldy grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa f ol- Peermeaa bility is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small gr'ain or capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are neeAll dfor methods proper erigatieron applications. e ications. but furrow ir- This is low.ts Tlris soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. (t ligation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the 4rlea,lin luud mercial fertilizer n are env needed r top lds. are generally potg ctoes, and beets, beans,examplealfalfa (a suitable� grain,in suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in potatoes, and onions. Anof of a b croppingcul- silage,system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by atron vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. g All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and duringoponderosa - s. Trees men Cris essential.Barnyard manurerer irrigation and commercial fertil- l- are r Rlocky Mountain junat are iperest , eastern re cedar,p survival ^ ields. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The izer are needed for top y Hello