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They are If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred mildly alkaline to moderately alkaline. forage plants decreases and the proportion of less Permeability and available water capacity are variable. preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock Effective rooting depth is limited by a seasonal high grazing should be managed so that the desired balance water table that is at a depth of 0 to 10 inches in spring of preferred species is maintained in the plant and early in summer and at a depth of 10 to 40 inches community. Range seeding is suitable if the range is in during the rest of the year. Runoff is slow, and the poor condition. The plants selected for seeding should hazard of water erosion is slight. The hazard of soil meet the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, .blowing is slight. These soils are subject to flooding or both. Other management practices that are suitable during prolonged, high intensity storms. Channeling and for use on this unit are proper range use, deferred deposition are common along streambanks. grazing, and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is This unit is used as rangeland and for wildlife habitat. disturbed, protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the The potential plant community on the Haplaquolls is surface layer results in a severe decrease in productivity mainly switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, big bluestem, and in the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass, for grazing. and sedges. The average annual production of air-dry This unit is suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, and vegetation ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 pounds. The sorghum. Because precipitation is not sufficient for potential plant community on the Fluvaquents is mainly annual cropping, a cropping system that includes small alkali sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. the grain and summer fallow is most suitable. Precipitation average annual production of air-dry vegetation ranges usually is too low for crops on this unit to make efficient from 1,000 to 3,000 pounds. use of fertilizer. Grazing should be delayed until the soils have drained Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface sufficiently and are firm enough to withstand trampling by reduces soil blowing and helps to maintain soil tilth and livestock. Management practices suitable for use on this organic matter content. Stubble-mulch farming, unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, and rotation striperopping, and minimum tillage help to control erosion grazing. r and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce runoff and the This unit is poorly suited to windbreaks and risk of erosion and help to conserve moisture. environmental plantings. The main limitations are the This unit is well suited to windbreaks and seasonal high water table and periodic flooding. environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by brief This map unit is in capability subclass Viw, periods of flooding. Supplemental irrigation may be nonirrigated. The Haplaquolls are in Wet Meadow range needed when planting and during dry periods. site, and the Fluvaquents are in Salt Meadow range site. This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, 29—Haverson loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This nonirrigated, and in Overflow range site. deep, well drained soil is on flood plains and adjacent 30—Keith loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This deep, stream terraces. It formed in stratified, calcareous, loamy well drained soil is on slightly dissected plains, in swales, alluvium. Typically, the surface layer is pale brown and light and on stream terraces. It formed in calcareous loamy brownish gray loam 12 inches thick. The underlying alluvium. material to a depth of 60 inches or more is very fine Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown loam 4 sandy loam and loam stratified with thin lenses of sand, inches thick. The subsoil is silt loam 16 inches thick. The loamy sand, and clay loam. The soil is calcareous substratum to a depth of 60 inches or more is silt loam. throughout. Included in this unit are small areas of Mitchell silt Included in this unit are small areas of Nunn loam and loam, Kim loam, Wages fine sandy loam, and Weld loam. Nunn clay loam. Permeability of this Keith soil is moderate. Available Permeability of this Haverson soil is moderate. water capacity is high. Effective rooting depth is 60 Available water capacity is high. Effective rooting depth inches or more. Runoff is slow, and the hazard of water is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion is slight to moderate. The hazard of soil blowing hazard of water erosion is slight. The hazard of soil is slight. blowing is moderate. This soil is subject to brief periods Most areas of this unit are used as rangeland. A few of flooding in spring and summer. areas are used as nonirrigated cropland. Winter wheat is Most areas of this unit are used as rangeland. A few the main crop. areas are used as nonirrigated cropland. Winter wheat is The potential plant community on this unit is mainly the main crop. blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and ,rThe potential plant community on this unit is mainly buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry iestern wheatgrass, fourwing saltbush, switchgrass, vegetation ranges from 500 to 1,500 pounds. Weld County, Colorado, Northern Part 31 This map unit is in capability subclass Vle, 41—Nunn clay loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This ,tonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. deep, well drained soil is on slightly dissected plains and stream terraces. It formed in calcareous loamy alluvium. 40—Nunn loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This deep, Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown clay loam well drained soil is on slightly dissected plains and 8 inches thick. The subsoil is clay loam 14 inches thick. stream terraces. It formed in calcareous loamy alluvium. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches or more is Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown loam 7 calcareous clay loam. In some areas the surface layer is inches thick. The subsoil is clay loam 25 inches thick. loam. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches or more is Included in this unit are small areas of Avar fine sandy calcareous clay loam. In some areas the surface layer is loam and Manzanola clay loam. clay loam. Permeability of this Nunn soil is slow. Available water Included in this unit are small areas of Avar fine sandy capacity is high. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or loam and Manzanola clay loam. more. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water erosion Permeability of this Nunn soil is slow. Available water is slight to moderate. The hazard of soil blowing is slight. capacity is high. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or This unit is used as rangeland and nonirrigated more. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water erosion cropland. Winter wheat is the main crop. is slight to moderate. The hazard of soil blowing is slight. The potential plant community on this unit is mainly This unit is used as nonirrigated cropland and blue grama, western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, and rangeland. Winter wheat is the main crop. buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry This unit is suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, and vegetation ranges from 400 to 1,200 pounds. sorghum. Low annual precipitation is the main limitation. If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred Because precipitation is not sufficient for annual forage plants decreases and the proportion of less cropping, a cropping system that includes small grain preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock and summer fallow is most suitable. Precipitation usually grazing should be managed so that the desired balance is too low for crops on this unit to make efficient use of of preferred species is maintained in the plant fertilizer. community. Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet ,—maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble- the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or gulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to both. Other management practices that are suitable for control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, moisture. protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface The potential plant community on this unit is mainly layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and grazing. buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry This unit is well suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, vegetation ranges from 500 to 1,500 pounds. fine texture of the surface layer limits If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred and sorghum. The b forage plants decreases and the proportion of less the crops that can sufficient grown on this unit. Because preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock precipitation is not sufficient for annual cropping, a cropping system that includes small grain and summer grazing should be managed so that the desired balance preferred species is maintained in the plant fallow is most suitable. Precipitation usually is too low for of pr . crops on this unit to make efficient use of fertilizer. community.y Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble- the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to both. Other management practices that are suitable for control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, moisture. protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface This unit is well suited to windbreaks and layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in environmental plantings. Supplemental irrigation may be the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for needed when planting and during dry periods.' grazing. This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, This unit is well suited to windbreaks and nonirrigated, and in Clayey Plains range site. environmental plantings. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when planting and during dry periods. 42—Olney loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, deep, well drained soil is on smooth to slightly dissected onirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. plains. It formed in calcareous loamy alluvium. tabs Weld County, Colorado, Northern Part 33 Most areas of this unit are used as nonirrigated Included in this unit are small areas of Olney loamy cropland. Winter wheat is the main crop. A few areas are sand, Ascalon fine sandy loam, Stoneham fine sandy used as rangeland. loam, and Vona sandy loam. This unit is suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, and Permeability of this Olney soil is moderate. Available sorghum. Because precipitation is not sufficient for water capacity is high. Effective rooting depth is 60 annual cropping, a cropping system that includes small inches or more. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of grain and summer fallow is most suitable. Precipitation water erosion is moderate to high. The hazard of soil usually is too low for crops on this unit to make efficient blowing is moderate. use of fertilizer. This unit is used as rangeland. — Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface The potential plant community on this unit is mainly reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble- buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to vegetation ranges from 400 to 1,300 pounds. control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve forage plants decreases and the proportion of less moisture. preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock The potential plant community on this unit is mainly grazing should be managed so that the desired balance blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and of preferred species is maintained in the plant buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry community. vegetation ranges from 500 to 1,500 pounds. Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet forage plants decreases and the proportion of less the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock both. Other management practices that are suitable for grazing should be managed so that the desired balance use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, of preferred species is maintained in the plant and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, community. protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for she seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or grazing. Joth. Other management practices that are suitable for This unit is well suited to windbreaks and use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by the hazard and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, of soil blowing where the surface is barren of vegetation. protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface Soil blowing can be reduced by cultivating only in the layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in tree rows and by leaving a strip of vegetation between the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when grazing. planting and during dry periods. Summer fallow, This unit is well suited to windbreaks and cultivation for weed control, and selection of adapted environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by the hazard plants are needed to insure establishment and survival of soil blowing where the surface layer is barren of of seedlings. vegetation. Soil blowing can be reduced by cultivating This map unit is in capability subclass Vle, only in the tree rows and by leaving a strip of vegetation nonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when planting and during dry periods. Summer 46—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This fallow, cultivation for weed control, and selection of deep, well drained soil is on smooth to moderately adapted plants are needed to insure establishment and dissected plains and alluvial fans. It formed in calcareous survival of seedlings. loamy alluvium. This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, Typically, the surface layer is brown sandy loam 5 nonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches or more is sandy loam. The soil is calcareous 45—Olney fine sandy loam, 6 to 9 percent slopes. throughout. This deep, well drained soil is on moderately dissected Included in this unit are small areas of Stoneham fine to highly dissected plains. It formed in calcareous loamy sandy loam, soils that have a gravelly surface layer or alluvium. gravelly underlying material, Kim and Mitchell soils, and Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy loam 6 Bushman fine sandy loam. Included areas make up inches thick. The upper 12 inches of the subsoil is sandy about 20 percent of the total acreage. clay loam or loam, and the lower 10 inches is calcareous Permeability of this Otero soil is moderately rapid. ,-, andy loam. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches or Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting lore is calcareous sandy loam. depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow, and the 34 Soil survey ,---- hazard of water erosion is slight. The hazard of soil gravelly underlying material, Kim and Mitchell soils, blowing is moderate. Bushman fine sandy loam, and soils that have slopes of Most areas of this unit are used as rangeland. A few less than 3 percent. Included areas make up about 20 areas are used as nonirrigated cropland. Winter wheat is percent of the total acreage. the main crop. Permeability of this Otero soil is moderately rapid. The potential plant community on this unit is mainly Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting blue grama, prairie sandreed, and needleandthread. The depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium, and the average annual production of air-dry vegetation ranges hazard of water erosion is moderate to high. The hazard from 800 to 2,000 pounds. of soil blowing is moderate. If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred This unit is used as rangeland. forage plants decreases and the proportion of less The potential plant community on this unit is mainly preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock blue grama, prairie sandreed, and needleandthread. The grazing should be managed so that the desired balance average annual production of air-dry vegetation ranges of preferred species is maintained in the plant from 700 to 1,800 pounds. community. If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor forage plants decreases and the proportion of less condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or grazing should be managed so that the desired balance both. Other management practices that are suitable for of preferred species is maintained in the plant use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, community. and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor protection from soil blowing is needed. Loss of the condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet surface layer results in a severe decrease in productivity the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or and in the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable both. Other management practices that are suitable for for grazing. use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, This unit is suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, and and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, sorghum. Because precipitation is not sufficient for protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface annual cropping, a cropping system that includes small layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in ^ grain and summer fallow is most suitable. Precipitation the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for usually is too low for crops on this unit to make efficient grazing. use of fertilizer. This unit is well suited to windbreaks and Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by the hazard reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to of soil blowing where the surface layer is barren of maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble- vegetation. Soil blowing can be reduced by cultivating mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to onlyeintthe tree irowsland by leaving a strpyof vegetation control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve needed when planting and during moisture. dry periods. This map unit is in capability subclass Vie, This unit is well suited to windbreaks and environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by the hazard nonirrigated, and in Sandy Plains range site. of soil blowing where the surface layer is barren of 48—Otero-Tassel complex, 6 to 30 percent slopes. vegetation. Soil blowing can be reduced by cultivating This map unit is on highly dissected, convex shoulders only in the tree rows and by leaving a strip of vegetation and slightly dissected to highly dissected, concave . between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be backslopes and foot slopes of breaks. needed when planting and during dry periods. This unit is about 50 percent Otero sandy loam and This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, about 25 percent Tassel loamy fine sand. The Otero soil nonirrigated, and in Sandy Plains range site. is on the backslopes and foot slopes, and the Tassel soil is on the shoulders. nents of this 47—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This unit are in areas so narrow owte hat it individualwas m oot practical to deep, well drained soil is on moderately dissected to map them separately at the scale used. highly dissected plains and fans. It formed in calcareous Included in this unit are small areas of Kim loam in loamy alluvium and colluvium. drainageways between foot slopes; Rock outcrop on Typically, the surface layer is brown sandy loam 5 shoulders; and soils, on backslopes, that are moderately inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 deep to calcareous sandstone. Included areas make up inches or more is sandy loam. The soil is calcareous throughout. 25 percent of the total acreage. The ned. It formed in ,•--, Included in this unit are small areas of Stoneham fine calcareous loamy alo soil is luvium. Typid calldy, the surface layer is ,andy loam, soils that have a gravelly surface layer or brown sandy loam 5 inches thick. The underlying Hello