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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20041066.tiff / t t ` '/ tit' 8 v i t p Tfr ii 4 • ti'-1la fd tv Y t{ P 4f ,~1 � 'F. / r 4{Y x ���"j7 r .Q r .� 44 14 ;wars 14 R k I �. .gam " t ! �' r- {{ r c , -,a, . ' %.‘k I\ V. J 1 iii ^ br.0: Y , 1 illifrgirt i , ) leig it \ ) : i ' I „ ''. / W. cs # ® ' Asia- . ,,, : , , „ I , ,. .4.-ki If��M�yyyyy````y,�������jjyj��,,,jjjjjj,j}}}} ''4 f )j. JY I t { 1! �Mt y ttt ri ‘ italk *it r l' 1 trr;—wet i '; -- 1 f i lir1/4:: 4 . J ; y Cl . } k i •'� iia�tii. t se IJJf ^� Y � ( p 'yS� iiiii'_ iri'-i':�' . / ei SI..,..r.r I £ ' $ ' �ry rlyls'^Y L'� it; '1- .� ••iYs. 6 .... a tad`S'"tY'i . f�(;i• y3}}"ur } '� �y ,e..,'yy( .r� „w im. R. 67 W ;R 66W I 34 4x 0 1 2 Miles 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 Scale 1:24 000 5 000 Feet 10 000 Feet WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART NO. 30 2004-1066 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 11 needed at the time of planting and during dry periods. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Trees that are best suited and have good survival are tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- ^ocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ne, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The This soil has good potential for urban and recreational shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- development. Increased population growth in the survey an peashrub. area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The chief limiting soil features for urban development are the cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and dries pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septic be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tank absorption fields function properly, but community cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- sewage systems should be provided if the population den- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- sity increases. Because of the moderately rapid permea- ment. Rangeland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn an- bility of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. telope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I ir- facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding rigated. where needed. Few areas of this Ascalon soil are in major growth and 9—Ascalon loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, Fell drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 urbanized centers. The shrink-swell potential of the sub- soil as it wets and dries is the most limiting soil feature feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the major rivers in the survey area. Included in mapping are small areas that must be considered in planning homesites and con- 60 structing roads. Capability subclass IVe nonirrigated; where sand and gravel are within a depth of inches. Sandy Plains range site. Also included are small areas of soils that have a clay i 8—Ascalon loam, 0 to 1 percent s ope . This is a deep, loam subsoil.te y ms soil on rraces at elev tra no a of 4,500 to 4,900 Typically the surface layer of this Ascalon soil is brown well drained feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the major rivers loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yel- in the survey area. Included in mapping are small areas lowish brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. The where sand and gravel are within a depth of 60 inches. substratum to a depth of 60 inches is calcareous sandy Also included are small areas of soils that have a clay loam. loam subsoil. Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is Typcially the surface layer of this Ascalon soil is brown high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is bro :—wish brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. The This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It stratum to a depth 60 inches is calcareous sandy loam. �s suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, water application. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. tices are needed to maintain top yields. Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn- suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. vegetation should be continued for as many years as Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern vegetation should be continued for as many years as redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. .—, WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 17 Typically the surface layer of this Colombo soil is dark Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The ish brown clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked inches of the underlying material is pale brown pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can stratified clay loam and loam. The lower part to a depth be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape of 60 inches is very pale brown loam stratified with thin cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- lenses of fine sand, medium sand, and clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more, land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, Where this soil is on flood plains and is susceptible to beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- flooding, it has poor potential for urban and recreational plc of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa development. On the higher terraces, potential is fair. followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, Dwelling and road designs may need to be modified to or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing compensate for the limited capacity of this soil to support a load and to protect it against frost action. Capability pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- range IIe irrigated, IIIe nonirrigated; Clayey Plains rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- 1—site mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 1— al loam, 0 to 1 percent s open This is a In nonirrigated areas this soil is well suited to winter deep, well drained soil on terraces at ere-Talons of 4,550 wheat, barley, and sorghum if it is summer fallowed in al- mappingto 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed narrow areas Included in ternate years. Winter wheat is the principal crop. The are small,d long ma ele of sand and predicted average yield is 33 bushels per acre. If the crop gravel deposits and some small of eveled areas. gray- is winterkilled, spring wheat can be seeded. Generall Typically the surface layer this Dacono soil is Y ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- stratum is very gravelly sand. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Permeability is moderately slow. Available water Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to -'''lie potential native vegetation is dominated by 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard tern wheatgrass. Blue grama, switchgrass, sand is low. reedgrass, big bluestem, slender wheatgrass, indiangrass, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It and green needlegrass are also present. Potential produc- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- tion ranges from 1,000 pounds per acre in favorable years ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, to 600 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 deteriorates, the tall grasses decrease, blue grama and to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, buffalograss increase, and forage production drops. Un- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- desirable weeds and annuals invade the site and erosion teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable can occur as range condition becomes poorer. substratum slightly restrict some crops. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- Western wheatgrass, switchgrass, sand reedgrass, cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and sideoats grama, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and blue grama are suitable for seeding. The shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing vegetation should be continued for as many years as livestock. It can be seeded into a firm prepared seedbed. possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and A grass drill should be used. Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and shrubs commonly hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, grown in the area are generally well lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove, vegetation should be continued for as many years as and cottontail are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and development, including tree and shrub plantings and have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir- r-berry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, rigation, good wildlife habitat can be established, benefit- L-__, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. ing, many kinds of openland wildlife. 18 SOIL SURVEY This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub- most successful. stratum the soil has moderate to high shrink swell, low Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and strength, and moderately slow permeability. These fea- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well tures create problems in dwelling and road construction. suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing Excessive permeability in the substratum can cause con- vegetation should be continued for as many years as tamination of the ground water supply from septic tank possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. Capability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern subclass Its irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and 22—Dacono clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. to 4,970 feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove, mapping are small, long and narrow areas of sand and and cottontail, are best suited to this soil. Wildlife habitat gravel deposits and some small leveled areas. development, including tree and shrub plantings and Typically the surface layer of this Dacono soil is gray- grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be suc- ish brown clay loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is cessful without irrigation during most years. Under ir- grayish brown clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- rigation, good wildlife habitat can established, benefiting stratum is very gravelly sand. many kinds of openland wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, for Permeability is moderately slow. Available water example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to developing livestock watering facilities, managing 40 inches. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. hazard is low. This soil has only fair potential for urban and recrea- In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- tional development. Above the sand and gravel sub- monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, stratum the soil has a moderate to high shrink-swell beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- potential, low strength, and moderately slow permeability. ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa These features create problems in dwelling and road con- followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, struction. Excessive permeability in the substratum can or beans. Generally, such characteristics as a high clay cause contamination of the ground water supply from content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly septic tank leach fields. Sewage lagoons need to be lined. restrict some crops. Capability subclass IIe irrigated, IIIc nonirrigated; All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Clayey Plains range site. rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 23—Fort Collins loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. elevations of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small modified by thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are grain and is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter some small leveled areas and few small areas of a soil wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is that is calcareous at the surface. 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low grayish brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is for beneficial use of fertilizer. brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 20 Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. fine sandy loam. The potential native vegetation is dominated by Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 Management of vegetation on this soil should be based to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding is tices are needed to maintain top yields. desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pu- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well firm sorghum stubble or it can be drilled into a firm suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing 32 SOIL SURVEY are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand r shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand I an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grass. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annua be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor . cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass I ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should I Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be se. has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drill This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in sp development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal I lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlle< class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a 147—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent—slopen vegetation between the rows. Supplemental This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and do 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods.Trees that are best suited and have good Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, p dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackbe. eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, ar. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for rin about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame sp inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting ar Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture low• land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelop In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surround ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the O1 followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and rec or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the me pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. C tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sand In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site. barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 perceni winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elev per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils tha too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils tl Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown El dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sand and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capac production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 i. 48 SOIL SURVEY Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are genera on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by c Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigati wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected may be necessary at the time of planting and during t should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have go be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redced: drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackbi spring has proven most successful. ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well Siberian peashrub. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this sc capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many nc and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be game species can be attracted by establishing areas 1 planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturb between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed nesting cover is essential and should be included in pla to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have for habitat development, especially in areas of intensi good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern agriculture. redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs This soil has good potential for urban and recreatior best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. T only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the su peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass I stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water co geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, I( ated. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. deep, Vona san y oam, to percen s ope a This is This soil has good potential for urban and recreational onswel of 4,600ined tos 5,200il on plains and high terraces development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and elevations of feet. It formed in eolian a� alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some level, trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have r rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcar hazard of ground water contamination from sewage ous to a depth of 60 inches. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayi: the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The su r5—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percents es.]This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of Permeability is moderately rapid. Available wab 4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is I in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosh soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops cor brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beet brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fc Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipeline inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed for proper water applications. hazard is low. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow i This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and cor is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are general potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cu silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigatic All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and during di rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- periods.Trees that are best suited and have good surviv ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, pondero; izer are needed for top yields. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. Ti V.e:LD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49 shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade „ . Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. opland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successful. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- l' tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of I:. irrigated; IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation L`.. 77—Vona sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi- depth of 60 inches. an peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked N brown fine sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can f' stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape t Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Q. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- €. -"`aches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- . .izard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be eIn irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, ' monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. q close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water' con- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe Fp_ lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. I'. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, w- respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to r In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in I barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of i. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled I 4 per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown C; too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam. .° ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. e The potential native vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface 1 dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. igrama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, i ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 Y I .condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, k , k I Hello