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Podtburg& Sons Dairy 09.05.2000
Appendix A
• USDA, Weld County Soils Map & Descriptions
Podtburg& Sons Dairy CNMP AgPro Environmental Services, LLC I I
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 23
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue
.hrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf-
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase;
haekberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an-
Siberian peashrub, lilac, and American plum. nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
development. Increased population growth in the survey firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The proven most successful.
chief limiting feature for urban development and road Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
construction is the limited capacity of the soil to support shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
vegetation should be continued for as many years as community sewage systems should be provided if the
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and population density increases. Because of the permeability
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I u- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian olive, and
rigated. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
32—Kim loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
well drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
levations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
deposit and parent sediment from a wide variety of
bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
have loamy sand underlying material.
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown
loam about 12 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the un- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
development. Increased population growth in the survey
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low.
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The
chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- construction Septic ti is the limited capacity of this soil to support
a load. t tank absorption should
fields function be properly, t
plc of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa community sewage systems should be provided if the
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, population density increases. Because of the permeability
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining (fig. 6), and installing of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- IIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- 3j-Kim loamy 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a deep,
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock. In-
winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that have
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is loamy sand underlying material.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the un-
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
'erracing also may be needed to control water erosion. depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
24 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
moderate. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to crops commonly development. Increased population growth in the survey
grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The
grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of the chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road
time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in ir- construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support
rigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but
furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row community sewage systems should be provided if the
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also suggested. Keeping til- population density increases. Because of the permeability
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site.
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 34—Kim loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep,
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock. In-
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that have
Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- loamy sand underlying material.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 25 inches of the un-
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition Surface runoff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- moderate.
falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced
suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin-
seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into klers should be used for new crops. Applications of
a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc-
firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has tion.
proven most successful. The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and grama. Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheat-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grass, and sedge are also prominent. Potential production
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing ranges from 1,800 pounds per acre in favorable years to
vegetation should be continued for as many years as 1,500 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and deteriorates, the sideoats grama and little bluestem
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern decrease; forage production drops; and blue grama, buf-
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and falograss, and several perennial forbs and shrubs in-
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. range condition becomes poorer.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Management of vegetation should be based on taking
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed-
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can ing is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Sideoats
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, and pu-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- bescent wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- selected should meet the seasonal needs of livestock. It
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it
32 SOIL SURVEY
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful.
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
hazard of round water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
47—OIneY fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This is a deep, welt drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub.
brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
low_ land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil.
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass IIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 33
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
'ow. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil.
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- The soil has good potential for urban and recreational
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. subclass !Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 25 bushels well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,680 to
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,900 feet. It formed in eolian sands. Included in mapping
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is are small areas of soils that have a subsoil within 20
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. inches of the surface. Also included are small areas of
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- soils that have a loam and sandy clay loam subsoil.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Osgood soil is gray-
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. ish brown sand about 22 inches thick. The subsoil is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is brown sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loamy sand and
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, sand.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As condi- inches or more. Surface runoff is very slow, and the ero-
tion deteriorates, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and sion hazard is low.
switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, and This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
site as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
grama, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can sprinklers should be used for new crops. Applications of
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion.
spring has proven most successful. The potential vegetation on this soil is dominated by
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama.
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival bluestem decrease; forage production drops; and sand
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- becomes poorer.
an peashrub. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- blowing, the grasses should be seeded with an interseeder
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 3
' NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
SANITARY FACILITIES
Soils Identified on the Podtburg Land
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Septic tank Sewage lagoon Trench _ Area Daily cover
and soil name absorption areas sanitary sanitary for landfill
fields landfill landfill
32:
Kim Moderate: Severe: Slight Slight Good
peres slowly seepage
33:
Kim Moderate: Severe: Slight Slight Good
percs slowly seepage
47:
Olney Moderate: Severe: Moderate: Slight Fair:
percs slowly seepage too sandy too sandy
48
1 Moderate: Severe: Moderate: Slight Fair:
percs slowly seepage too sandy too sandy
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
SANITARY FACILITIES
Endnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, sewage lagoons,
and sanitary landfills. The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features generally are
favorable for the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if. soil properties or site
features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or
minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome
that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required.
This report also shows the suitability of the soils for use as daily cover for landfills. A rating of "Good" indicates
that soil properties and site features are favorable for the use and good performance and tow maintenance can be
expected; "Fair" indicates that soil properties and site features are moderately favorable for the use and one or
more soil properties or site features make the soil less desirable than the soils rated "Good"; and "Poor" indicates
that one or more soil properties or site features are unfavorable for the use and overcoming the unfavorable
properties requires special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.
SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION FIELDS are areas in which effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil through
subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that part of the soil between depths of 24 to 72 inches is evaluated. The
ratings are base on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, a high
water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones
and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with installation. Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank absorption fields,
including excessively slow absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside seepage, can affect public health.
Groundwater can be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the
base of the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the surface. There must be
unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances
rr 're that this material be of a certain thickness.
SEWAGE LAGOONS are shallow ponds constructed to hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the solid and liquid
wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted soil. Lagoons
generally are designed to hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly impervious soil material for the lagoon
floor and sides is required to minimize seepage and contamination of ground water. This report gives ratings for
the natural soil that makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material
below the surface Layer are excavated to provide material for the embankments. The ratings are based on soil
properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, a
high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of organic matter.
Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the level of sewage
in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater
overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon because it
inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can cause construction problems, and Large stones can
hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.
SANITARY LANDFILLS are areas where solid waste is disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of landfill,
trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and covered daily
with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in successive layers on the
surface of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil form a source away
from the site. Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of
groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation need to be considered. The ratings in this report are based
S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGE 3 OF 3
JURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
SANITARY FACILITIES
xdnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued
i soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a
emented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders,
ighly organic layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium affect trench type landfills. Unless otherwise
tated, the ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a
imitation rate "Slight" or "Moderate" may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.
ALLY COVER FOR LANDFILL is the soil material that is used to cover compacted solidwaste in an area type sanitary
andfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.
oil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope affect the ease of removing and spreading the material during wet
nd dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best cover for a
andfill. Clayey soils may be sticky or cloddy and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to soil
lowing. After soil material has been removed, the soil material remaining in the borrow area must be thick enough
ver bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a
andfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer generally has the best workability, more organic matter than
he rest of the profile, and the best potential for plants. Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled for use
s the final cover.
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIP. A , .ORT
Soils Identified on the Podtburg Land
Soil name and description
Symbol
32 Kim loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
This is a deep well drained soil on smooth plains and
alluvial fans. It formed in mixed wind deposits and
parent sediment. Typically the surface layer is brown
and pale brown loam about 12 in. thick. Permeability is
moderate. Available water holding capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 in. The hazard of water
erosion is low, while that due to wind is high.
33 Kim loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes
This is a deep well drained soil on smooth plains and
alluvial fans. It formed in mixed wind deposits and
parent sediment. Typically the surface layer is brown
and pale brown loam about 12 in. thick. Permeability is
moderate. Available water holding capacity is high. The
effective rooting depth is 60 in. The hazard of water
erosion is low, while that due to wind is high.
47 Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
The Olney soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on smooth plains in mixed outwash deposits. The
surface is a fine sandy loam. The subsoil is sandy clay
loam. The underlying material is a calcareous fine
sandy loam. The soils have moderate permeability.
Their available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow
and the erosion hazard due to wind is severe.
48 Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes
The Olney soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on smooth plains in mixed outwash deposits. The
surface is a fine sandy loam. The subsoil is sandy clay
Loam. The underlying material is a calcareous fine
sandy loam. The soils have moderate permeability.
Their available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow
and the erosion hazard due to wind is severe.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 2
NATURAL' RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Soils Identified on the Podtburg Land
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Shallow Dwellings Dwellings Small Local roads Lawns and
and soil name excavations without with commercial and streets landscaping
basements basements buildings
32:
Kim Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight
33:
Kim Slight Slight Slight Moderate: Slight Slight
slope
47:
Olney Severe: Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight
cutbanks cave
48:
0' Severe: Slight Slight Moderate: Slight Slight
cutbanks cave slope
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Endnote -- BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are
"Slight", "Moderate", or "Severe". The limitations are considered"Slight" if soil properties and site features are
generally favorable for the indicated use and limitaions are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties
or site features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to
overcome or minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so
difficult to overcome that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased
maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies may be required where the soil limitations are severe.
SHALLOW EXCAVATIONS are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves, utility lines,
open ditches, and other purposes. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of
the soils. The ease of digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very
firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the year that excavations can be made is
affected by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of
the excavation walls or bands to sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table.
DWELLINGS AND SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS are structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed soil. The load
limit is the same as that for single-family dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made for small
commercial buildings without basements, for dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without basements. The ratings
are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. A high water table, depth to bedrock
or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping
and grading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered.
ROADS AND STREETS have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They
have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a
flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally properties, site features, and observed performance of the
soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of
excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell
potential, frost action potential, and depth to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.
LAWNS AND LANDSCAPING require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and
maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil
reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper 40
inches, and. the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope,
stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation
is established.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
SOIL FEATURES
Soils Identified on the Podtburg Land
Bedrock Cemented pan Subsidence Risk of corrosion
Potential
Map symbol frost action Uncoated
and soil name Depth Hardness Depth Kind Initial Total steel Concrete
In In In In
32: _ --1
Kim >60 --- --- --- --- --- Low High Low
33:
Kim >60 --- --- --- --- --- Low High Low
47:
Olney >60 --- --- --- --- --- Low High Low
48:
Olney >60 --- --- --- --- --- Low High Low
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/13/97
SOIL FEATURES
Endnote -- SOIL FEATURES
This report gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves
engineering considerations.
Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil borings and on
observations during soil mapping. The rock is either "Soft" or "Hard". If the rock is "Soft" or fractured, excavations
can be made with trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is "Hard" or massive, blasting or
special equipment generally is needed for excavation. --
Cemented pans are cemented or indurated subsurface layers within a depth of 5 feet. Such pans cause difficulty in
excavation. Pans are classified as "Thin" or "Thick". A "Thin" pan is less than 3 inches thick if continuously
indurated or less than 18 inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Excavations can be made by trenching machines,
backhoes, or small rippers. A "Thick" pan is more than 3 inches thick if continuously indurated or more than 18
inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Such a pan is so thick or massive that blasting or special equipment is
needed in excavation.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence
results from either desiccation and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage.
Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period of several years. This report shows the expected initial
subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which usually is a result of oxidation. Not
shown in the report is subsidence caused by an imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground water throughout
an extensive area as a result of towering the water table.
Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of
p 'gated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost'
a in occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, permeability,
content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the
potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially
drained. Silty and highly structured clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to
frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil
strength during thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other rigid structures.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens
uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture,
particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete
is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special
site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion environment. The steel
installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than steel in
installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of
corrosion, expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High", is based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical
resistivity near field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High". It is based on soil texture,
acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.
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