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Home My WebLink About980835.tiff SHEET NO. 28 WELD COUNTY,COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART IIIIIMillir(ERIE QUADRANGLE) 105'00' R.68 W. .1i= ,₹4;347S ' .!, Y' .:ot 6-aev, _ .,l .. ao°m•ao„"MTU ,Al G4 -4 ..-.. ! / Iryy. b... , . . I. 7T '' 4, 79 h 76 �VL ! '�,xi ^y N}8 :r1::':::r":::::; !(�y °^ " 1� =. y 1 .�p .r _. t < !' \ 3 • ar °'•x 29 4„ ;�• , 40 30 53 '13 4. { 52 . ,-.2'" s e 47 xh 1 Sr 23 AO' 47 ,i cliir CI cfr 47 ` e 2P 1 .I �,'r �" e 3 . i ' dfir"« 10 Hr 4, '01 52 r > yy a7h: 4 yep `41.04,44„0. 50lir 'I SULLIVA • � � " co op o, 03 taut �o a y#�W�- : , I �,`t w d f `r Jh. 3, A'� ,yt, 47 �i.,.. - .- t or ,, win10 ,. a >,fl 32 4 t. 31a x .k`�' 4 ,T.R ., .A m /5s e a7� ' er CIS 47 r :`: ' 4 t F a -'� ' 40 ' r f a .4 Yom ;i+s .' N i 8 SOIL SURVEY filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighte Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer, make up about 35 percent. About IIs irrigated. percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam. 2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed i. well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly th feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlyin, show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and grave long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in th Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material. brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The wate and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and recede about 14 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years. sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainag, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkal This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sed e, rush, and alkali ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, g bluegrass are also prominent and example of a suitable cropping Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre it onions. An system is 3 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. A to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkal sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and salt lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and rush increase. gr Vass water application. Management of vegetation should be based on taking All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and tices are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tali shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. They suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing vegetation should be continued for as many years as can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seedbed possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and preparation usually requires more than 1 year to have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover, This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, cotton- where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, openland wildlife. especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some dlife populations. areas. This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea- fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- livestock. They should not be drained. tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid hese soils have good potential as a source of sand and permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic ray. I Ca ability subclass VIw- Salt Meadow range site. tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the .t ,r This nearly level substratum does not contain enough fines to properly unit is indepresslons in smooth plains and along the filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer, Ile irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, which 3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25 nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface. 980835 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 9 These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in If summer fallowed in alternate years, this soil is recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the suited to winter wheat, barley, and sorghum. Winter soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex- 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring tends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In places they have wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low a gleyed layer in the underlying material. for beneficial use of fertilizer. Most of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff. The Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- water table is at or near the surface in spring and during lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. the peak of the irrigation season. Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation on this range site is Some small areas are irrigated pasture. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue The potential native vegetation is dominated by grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, saltgrass, alkali sacaton, and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender Production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- wheatgrass, sedge, and rush. Cattails and bullrush grow ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, in the swampy spots associated with these range sites. Potential production ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses the site as range condition becomes poorer. decrease, production drops, and saltgrass, sedge, and rush Management of vegetation should be based on taking increase. The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- ing is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Sand increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheat- Lion. Switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, western grass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheat- grass, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in requirements of livestock. For successful seeding, a firm spring has proven most successful. prepared seedbed is needed. A grass drill should be used. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Seeding early in spring has suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in P g proven most successful. Til- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- lage is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover may be needed at the time of planting and during dry as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival Live cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and are Rocky Mountain lm juniper,sia eastern and redc hackberry. The openland wildlife. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, The especially shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Openland wildlife, es p y pheasant, use this unit for an peashrub. cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can overuse by livestock. They should not be drained. Capa- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape bility subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range site, cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Aquepts in Wet Meadow range site. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- s—Ascalon sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is ment. Rangeland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn an- a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600 telope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering to 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvium. Included in mapping facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding are small areas of rock outcrop. where needed. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about Few areas of this Ascalon soil are in major growth and 10 inches thick. The subsoil is pale brown and yellowish urbanized centers. The shrink-swell potential of the sub- brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- soil as it wets and dries is the most limiting soil feature stratum to a depth of 60 inches is calcareous fine sandy that must be considered in planning homesites and con- loam. structing roads.Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is Sandy Plains range site.Capability subclass IIIe nonirrigated; high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. 6—Ascalon sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 22 s Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue rIua- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass toes, suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- is 3 vegetation should be continued for as many years as tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years ]age, possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition Ditch have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- oper redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- v ir- Siberian peashrub, lilac, and American plum. nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. com- Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rally pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. d in be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue cul- cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are p of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the anon seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. dry This soil has good potential for urban and recreational a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a viva] firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has development. Increased population growth in the survey area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The proven most successful. rosa Windbreaks and environmental la The chief limiting feature for urban development and road plantings of trees and construction is the limited capacity of the soil to support shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well beri- a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing community sewage systems should be provided if the vegetation should be continued for as many years as The density possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and eked population increases. Because of the permeability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern can of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I ir- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and cape hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, sen- •,'Trio- ,� viz lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. elm • • This is a deep, Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The well drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked ional elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposit and parent sediment from a wide variety of pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can The bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape rility al. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- have loamy sand underlying mater .ater T Teal] the surface layer is brown and tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- class YP Y Y pale brown ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- loam about 12 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the un- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be Jeep, derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. is at managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. olian Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is This soil has good . The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Potential for urban and recreational high y of Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development. Increased population growth in the survey that In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The monly chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road -own grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support grain, potatoes, and onions. beans, alfalfa, small An exam- erly- a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa to a followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, community sewage systems increases. should be provided if the or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining (fig. 6), and installing population fhesubstratum,density sewage Because lagoo of the permeability :y is of the lagoons must be sealed. pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass lore. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow g Ile irrigated, IVs nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. s. It ligation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- 33—Kim loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a deep, mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations rlud- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winterwheat, toes, of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock. In- is 3 winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that have lage, to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is loamy sand ition too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. P P underlying material. Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, Typically the surface layer is brown28 and pale brownun- v p pping, and minimum ail- loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a corn- Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. 990835 26 SOIL SURVEY shale is about 18 inches. Permeability is moderate. Availa- plication of barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer. ble water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue 10 to 20 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and are important. the erosion hazard is moderate. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, This unit is used as rangeland and wildlife habitat. The barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali sacaton, winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buffalograss, to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is sideoats grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, sedge, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also present. Poten- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- tial production ranges from 800 pounds per acre in lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable years. As The potential native vegetation on this range site is range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Management of vegetation on this unit should be based production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected the site as range condition becomes poorer. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can Management of vegetation on this soil should be based be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. spring has proven most successful. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested coyote, are best suited to this unit. Because forage wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected production is typically low, grazing management is needed should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can if livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock water- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be ing facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in The nearby cropland makes areas of this unit valuable as spring has proven most successful. escape cover for openland wildlife, especially pheasants. Windbreak and environmental plantings are generally Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Shaly not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if plantings are feasible. ; � P g nit � , ,.yam. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are small areas be developed by establishing areas for nesting and escape of soils that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40 cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- inches. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- sandy loam about 9 inches thick. The underlying material land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, a depth of about 30 inches. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the ero- sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for sion hazard is low. dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- This soil is suited to most of the irrigated crops com- tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to monly grown in the area, but it is somewhat restricted establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for because it is only moderately deep. A suitable cropping such recreational development as camp and picnic areas system is corn, corn for silage, barley, 3 to 4 years of al- and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ills irrigated, IVe falfa, and wheat. This soil is also well suited to irrigated n • • Sand Plains range site. pasture. � � :, � '��` We Mt►�e�4 �s!' Row crops can be irrigated by furrows or sprinklers. This is a moderately •eel; well drained soil on plains at Flooding from contour ditches and sprinkling are suitable elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum in irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Small heads derived from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are of water and short runs help to reduce erosion. Produc- small areas of soils that have sandstone at a depth of tion can be maintained with frequent irrigations and ap- more than 40 inches. 980935 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 27 Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material such recreational development as camp and picnic areas is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at and playgrounds. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe a depth of about 28 inches. ran a site. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water " '" ti:Ass This is a deep, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000 40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping sion hazard is moderate. are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive deposits and small areas of soil that are subject to occa- cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping sional flooding. Some small leveled areas are also in- system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- eluded. falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to ir- Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin- loam. klers should be used for new crops. Applications of Permeability is moderately slow. Available water nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches [ion. or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The potential native vegetation on this range site is low dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, is suited to all crops commonly includ- and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential P grown in the area,ranges from 2,200 ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, production g pounds per acre in favors and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, tices are needed to maintain top yields. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- the site as range condition becomes poorer. rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- mer Wind fertilizer are needed for top yields. d Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. breaks and environmental plantings of trees and Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grswitchgrass, eoats suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing crams, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested H heatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected vegetation should be continued for as many years as should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in .4pring has proven most successful. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush, lilac, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Siberian peashrub, and American plum. not suited. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The plantings are feasible. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can 4.4 cropland areas provide wildlife habitat for ring-necked be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. •ial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, .and wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and moderately slow permeability. These features create attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields -,f this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor and foundations. Some areas are adjacent to streams and d n-ewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for are subject to occasional flooding. This soil has fair poten- gs is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- tial for such recreational development as camp and picnic :ion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated. 28 SOIL SURVEY "t e4' tltrR, I td 3 percent shirt This is a deep, vegetation should be continued for as many years as haul ,ell drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000 possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and redc .eet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern had are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and lilac. deposits and small areas of soils that are subject to occa- hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, W sional flooding. Some leveled areas are also included. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. crop Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The phe€ brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked be a brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cove part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- men loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- TI Permeability is moderately slow. Available water ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- men capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, prob hazard is low. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. that In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- subs monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, and beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- and moderately slow permeability. These features create stre: pie of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas tial i followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the picn: or beans. Generally such characteristics as a high clay substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields 42 content or a rapidly permeable substratum slightly and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to deel restrict some crops. streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten- elev. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and viun rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ile ir- long management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- rigated, IIfc nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. smal cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 41—Nunn clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Som Most nonirrigated areas are used for small grain. The deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at T: oil is summer fallowed in alternate years. Winter wheat elevations of 4,550 to 5,150 feet. It formed in mixed allu- brov is the principal crop. If the crop is winterkilled, spring vium and eolian deposits. Included in mapping are small, brov wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits and part for beneficial use of fertilizer. small areas of soils that are subject to occasional flooding. The Such practices as stubble mulch farming, striperopping, Some small leveled areas are also included. loan and minimum tillage are needed to control soil blowing Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish Pc and water erosion. brown clay loam about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is light capa The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue brownish gray clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper or I grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass part of the substratum is clay loam. The lower part to a haaa and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. In tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years Permeability is moderately slow. Available water mon to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches bear deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is pie falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; low. folio and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It or b nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- cont Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, rest, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 Al tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is inpoor condition. to 4 rigat g years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, � Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- malt grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are tices are needed to maintain top yields. cial suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- In seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- gran a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. Vint firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and yield proven most successful. shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well spur Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing low shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well vegetation should be continued for as many years as St euited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and lage 990835 Tr . . _ T.._. 32 SOIL SURVEY are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- i• tl - •,a,,; .-, tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of M'i1C' tJ6fv$ i '''v�e ekes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 1 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The eluded. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siheri- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove, Many nongame species can inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area pie of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil. followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, ra t barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to ' _ ib loam a ' stOpeei winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or // T c=1v - 990835 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 33 re. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment in wildlife, forexample, agriculture. Range- land pronghorn and be n irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, my grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 'e grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. gating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- The soil has good potential for urban and recreational r furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row development. The only limiting feature is the moderately ps. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a e to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- hazard of ground water contamination from sewage I erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability pond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains n nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site. -ley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, ter wheat. The predicted average yield is 25 bushels well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,680 to • acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,900 feet. It formed in eolian sands. Included in mapping Blow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is are small areas of soils that have a subsoil within 20 low for beneficial use of fertilizer. inches of the surface. Also included are small areas of tubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- soils that have a loam and sandy clay loam subsoil. e are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Osgood soil is gray- racing also may be needed to control water erosion. ish brown sand about 22 inches thick. The subsoil is 'he potential native vegetation on this range site is brown sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum ninated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loamy sand and ma. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, sand. I western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water eduction ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As condi- inches or more. Surface runoff is very slow, and the ero- L deteriorates, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and sion hazard is low. tchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, and This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive d sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- anagement of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to ir- taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small id bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. ma, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be ,atgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or uld meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can sprinklers should be used for new crops. Applications of seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc- led into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion. ing has proven most successful. The potential vegetation on this soil is dominated by Vindbreaks and environmental plantings are generally sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats ed to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. iblishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in icing only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As etation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, be needed at the time of planting and during dry switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little iods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival bluestem decrease; forage production drops; and sand Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition ibs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- becomes poorer. aeashrub. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ✓ildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- Lland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. asant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, Attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- er. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil and should be included in plans for habitat develop- blowing, the grasses should be seeded with an interseeder 34 SOIL SURVEY or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of early in spring has proven most successful. Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub. between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans peashrub. for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which ment,.especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Ca•abilt 6 managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. °''e';;` ' � 1 `�` � g g g' tai � his is Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian permeability in the substratum, whin causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying material. recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated;-Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 Sand range site. inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. 50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or 4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low. have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application. Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, 980935 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 35 Ind switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade ditches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close he site as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler En taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum ion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main- =and bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats taming fertility is important. Crops respond to applica- :rama, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen. cheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is hould meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue p seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, nto a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential proven most successful. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range cited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,sand reedgrass, .stablishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease, and blue grama, sand dropseed, ivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade egetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer. nay be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ieciods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- re Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. line, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats .hrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can ling-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be same species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in Jesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful. i esting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally 'or habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in agriculture• establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of las resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation i'his soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry ional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival noderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ;ruses a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The ewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- 'apability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub. . Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. f:r isritikat paps, this is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- eep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for .,'250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed 'eposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans ave loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive luded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture. hale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. andy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational o a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately andy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage Moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability tore. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is subclass IIIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains rangesite. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It e 53—Otero sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a - suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to 'erennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian 1e WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49 shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass in crease.s decrease and bluel weeds and lugrama, asgr rs pseed, ,n peashrub. and sand sage invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successful. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of 1' rrigaated IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range Site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation , ; 3 isl oyes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry deep, wWdrained soft on plains at elevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi- depth of 60 inches. an peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked brown fine sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ^apacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- .nches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- hazard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam. ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. The potential native vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 !ondition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, 990815 Hello