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U.S. Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
Soil Survey of Weld County, Colorado Southern Part— Sheet No. 29
990972
4119 Granby a • Fan Collins, Colorado 80526 • (970) 207-0272
24 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is moderate. Available ...ter capacity is land wildlife, for exams , the pronghorn antelope, can be
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is managing livestock o grazing, and reseeding where needed.
surracmoderate.e room. •. •••-• • . This s5il111hdk` I ptial for urban and recreational
population growth in the survey
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to crops commonly development. Increased
grown in the area. Perennial egrw grasses and alpercent of or close
chief limiting soil feature f in or urban development and road
d homesite construction. The
grown crops should dh be grown at liostns 50 percent
time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in ir- construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support
rigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but
furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row community sewage systems should be provided if the
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also suggested. Keeping til- population density increases. Because of the permeability
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed.
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops Lawns, shrubs, and trees growwell. Capability asubc�s
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. Hie irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy
Plains In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 34—Kim loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep,
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits
In-
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is eluded in ma
and pping from are sediment a wide
variety
of soils of bedrock.
have
low for beneficial use of fertilizer. material.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- loamy sand underlying pale
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer is brown inches ad of tbrown
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. loam about 10 inches thick.The upper
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- Permeability is moderate. Available water ca or pacity is
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years high. The effective rooting depth and is
eichn eshoram more.
is
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition Surface runoff is rapid,
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- moderate.
falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
The and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- cropping is hazardous because of erosion. crops aping
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown
al-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil alsosuited g system is 3totir-
on
taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable crop in of corn and to 4
ll
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. yew af alfalfa nd alfalfa followed folo with a nurse crop.
Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue grain
grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced
suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin-
seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into klers should be used for new crops. Applications of
a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled intohaa nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good p
firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring ha nitro
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue
proven most successful. of trees and grams. Sideoats grain, little bluestem, western W ks and onmal an well grass, and sedge are also prominent. Potential production
wheat-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally ands per acre in favorable years to
e to this oi ninud to control coePrting ass ranges5000 orom ounddslin unfavorable years. As range condition
vegetation should wig be Tres for as many years a and little bluestem
possible vefollowing planting. Trees that aine best suitedeastern decrease; sideoats
drops;d and blue grama, buf-
have good ponderosa
are Rocky Mountain juniper,rian elm, ssan falograss,
hack ar, . he shrubs bestbsuited are skunkbu h sumac crease. Udesirable weeds and annuals invade the site shrubs an-
s
hackberry. range condition becomes poorer.
lilac, Siberian important
and American plum. of vegetation should be based on taking
Wildlife is s important secondary use of this soil The Management gee annual
Seed-
pheasant areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked an ing is and
if the range isuiln poor condition.
oSideoats
be attracted
t and by establishing a dove. Many nongame species rams, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, and be orpheasants,
nis areas for nesting and escape grama,
pu-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is -seen- bescent wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass
tial nd should b
f r habitat develop-in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- can be
-be seeded into a clean, firm t the seasonal
ment, especially sorghum stubble, or it
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART
25
can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is
drilling on the contour minimize runoff and soil losses. moderate. The water table is usually about 24 to 36 inches
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard is low.
well suited to this soil. Cultivation to, control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland.
vegetation should be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the salts accumulation.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops.
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The forage produced.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem,
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produc-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, deteriorates, the awitchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt-
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational grass, blue grams, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in-
development. Increased population growth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The range condition becomes poorer.
chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based
construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
community sewage systems should be provided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western
population density increases. Because of the permeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter-
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed, mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
IVe irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared
This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass IVw irrigated, VIw nonirriated;
to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site.
sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes.
about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This moderately sloping to strongly sloping map unit is on
slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills and ridges at elevations of 5,050 to 5,250 feet.
of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway soil makes up about 50 percent of the unit,
and Valent sand. and the Shingle soil about 35
The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loam and Tassel fineThe Mid-
sandyalluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs from the Shingle soil in having more than
grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the underlying material.The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed
brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface
depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brown day about 'Pinches thick. The underlying material is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick Depth to calhcareous t clayeh y hale is about t13
moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is slow. Available water car.eity is low.
Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Surface ru-
The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate to high.
formed in stratified sandy alluvium. Typically the surface The Shingle soil also is shallow and well drained and
( layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick.
f brown and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underlying material is light yellowish brown clay
sand loam about 12 inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN I r 29
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern The potential native vegetation is dominated by
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and western wheatgrass and blue grams. Buffalograss is also
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf-
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in-
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can vade the site as range condition becomes poorer.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Management of vegetation of this soil should be based
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- tion. Range pitting can help in reducing runoff. Seeding iE
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. desirable if the range is in poor condition. Westerr
This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- wheatgrass, blue grams, sideoats grams, buffalograss, pu
ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable
and moderately slow permeability. These features create for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasons
problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean
that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a fern
substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has prover
and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to most successful.
streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generaTh
tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated. vegetation should be continued for as many years a
42—Nunn clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a possible following planting. Trees that are best suited am
deep, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, easten
elevations of 4,550 to 5,150 feet. It formed in mixed allu- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, am
vium and eolian deposits. Included in mapping are small, hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits and lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
small areas of soils that are subject to occasional flooding. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Th
Some leveled areas are also included. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necke
Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species ca
brown clay loam aobut 9 inches thick. The subsoil is light be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escap
brownish gray clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is esser
part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develol
The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range
loam land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can h
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water attracted by developing livestock watering facilitie
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed
or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develol
hazard is low. ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strengt
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- and moderately slow permeability. These features creal
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those are:
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of tt
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fiek
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent
or beans. Generally such characteristics as the high clay streams and are subject to occasional flooding.The pote:
content or the rapidly permeable substratum slightly tial is fair for such recreational development as camp at
restrict some crops. picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability subclass lie i
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigated, IIIc nonirrigated; Clayey Plains range site.
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 43—Nunn loamy sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,7i
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. to 4,900 feet. It formed in alluvium along Box Eld
In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small Creek. Included in mapping are small areas of soils th
grain and it is summer fallowed in alternate years. have a loamy subsoil and small areas of soils that are su
Winter wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average ject to rare flooding.
yield is 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is bros
spring wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too loamy sand overburden about 9 inches thick. The subs
low for beneficial use of fertilizer. is dark to very dark grayish brown clay loam about
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. loamy very fine sand, loamy sand, or sand.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 43
ivestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require-
acilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. The ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm
ropland areas provide favorable habitat for pheasant and sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared
nourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
iy establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. ful.
The underlying shale is the most limiting feature of Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
his soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor sewage shrubs commmonly grown in the area are generally well
agoons function properly. In places the underlying shale suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
ias high shrink-swell potential. Environmental and beau- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
ification plantings of trees and shrubs can be difficult to possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
establish. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonir- have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
igated; Loamy Plains range site. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
66—Ulm clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
Jeep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 5,075 to lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
1,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments from Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
thale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
lave shale between 40 and 60 inches. Also included are pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
small areas of soils where the surface layer and subsoil be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
lave been recharged with lime from irrigation. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
Typically the surface layer of this Ulm soil is brown tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
:lay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
pale brown clay about 14 inches thick. The substratum to land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
a depth of 60 inches is clay and clay loam. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational
runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development Slow permeability and high shrink swell
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa-
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, bility subclass LIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey
beans, alfalfa, and small grain. An example of a suitable Plains range site.
cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by 67—Ulm clay loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a
corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 5,075 to
Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines are 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments from
needed for proper water applications. shale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- have shale between depths of 40 and 60 inches. Also in-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- eluded are small areas of soils where the surface layer
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and subsoil have been recharged with lime from irriga-
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, don.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to Typically the surface of this Ulm soil is brown clay
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years brown clay about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is depth of 60 inches is clay and clay loam.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is moderate.
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com-
The potential native vegetation is dominated by monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low.
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama,
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi-
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops.
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical.
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
blue grama, sideoats grams, buffalograss, pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible.
Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require-
habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage
menu of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean,
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled
quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable
habitat on these soils.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Caps-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
possible following planting.Trees that are best suited and bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel
Breaks range site.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir-
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Caps- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin-
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar-
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
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