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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SCS-CPA-15 (348) SOIL MAP • t Dccv 1 e r V Owner M i k Fa t kr e i- Operator , County W e 1(1 State C.D t o � � , v v 133 Soil survey sheet(s) or code nos. kl e S I Approximate scale d y r`_AGM N Prepared by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service cooperating with LA)e 5'i` OP '-e r('`1 S°'f Conservation District I eL 2250000 FEETi' s'? Air . W] � 5{ . A p �.; .�S'}tri�'<Y u'T tt ft. 'T N 4LA'.�` .-.Y..,S ,+` i LIMIT OF SOIL SURVEY 73 47 jØas ' T to 56t 51 52 37 5fi 73 52 37 37 11 lb PST 1 51 37 : 51• ati I 51 n t. 29 s 28 f. III u � 'a ht , • �t2 56 do x; d to yu O TG�, x g ST t to ._ b 37 40 • 47 Si r 3')y� 01 + I 30 4' !x,, 51 51 46 y 37 � �� y A51 I. ty.. s :-‘1.74;,,.‘":xi • ?' + � � + 4*i:t f� $8 �� 56 51 L. % 4b), 3 \ Pi `o ,,,,,,, .. ......38NIL 3 3i/4,. C 7 51 A�. 47 r °4 Galelon, 4 \ft \ 37. 6 46 47 �. 47 1 .. . g r�;.:14 , ,,., r� 5 .51 4 51 _ cr far.�r '. lehilla 1: : I a< 4 47 .k 47 . kr 47 S A•T � r 37 /x $l1 "S A� a� 37 4� 4 ,, 8 SOIL SURVEY filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer, make up about 35 percent. About 5 IIs irrigated. percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam. 2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al- rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in the Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material. brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and recedes about 14 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years. sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent. ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkali sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgrass, lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and rush increase. water application. Management of vegetation should be based on taking All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. tices are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod. Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and Switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tall — shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. They vegetation should be continued for as many years as can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seedbed possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and Preparation usually requires more than 1 year to have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrnb, and American plum. The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover, This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, cotton- where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, openland wildlife. especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some dlife populations. areas. This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea- fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- livestock. They should not be drained. tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid These soils have good potential as a source of sand and permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic gravel. Capability subclass VIw; Salt Meadow range site. tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the 4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded. This nearly level substratum does not contain enough fines to properly map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer, Ile irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, which 3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25 nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface. 970070 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 9 These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in If summer fallowed in alternate years, this soil is well recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the suited to winter wheat, barley, and sorghum. Winter soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex- 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring tends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In places they have wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low a gleyed layer in the underlying material. for beneficial use of fertilizer. t of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff. The Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- r table is at or near the surface in spring and duringle lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. peak of the irrigation season. Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation on this range site is Some small areas are irrigated pasture. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue The potential native vegetation is dominated by grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, saltgrass, alkali sacaton, and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- wheatgrass, sedge, and rush. Cattails and bullrush grow ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, in the swampy spots associated with these range sites. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Potential production ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses Management of vegetation should be based on taking decrease, production drops, and saltgrass, sedge, and rush half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- increase. The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has ing is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Sand increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheat- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual ester- rass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected should tion. switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, western ge meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheat- seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be grass, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal spring has proven most successful. requirements of livestock. For successful seeding, a firm Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally prepared seedbed is needed. A grass drill should be used. suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Til- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- lage is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover may be needed at the time of planting and during dry as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The openland wildlife. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for an peashrub. cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can overuse by livestock. They should not be drained. Capa- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape bility subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range site, cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Aquepts in Wet Meadow range site. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- 5—Ascalon sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is ment. Rangeland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn an- a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600 telope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering to 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvium. Included in mapping facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding are small areas of rock outcrop. where needed. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about Few areas of this Ascalon soil are in major growth and 10 inches thick. The subsoil is pale brown and yellowish urbanized centers. The shrink-swell potential of the sub- brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- soil as it wets and dries is the most limiting soil feature stratum to a depth of 60 inches is calcareous fine sandy that must be considered in planning homesites and con- loam. structing roads. Capability subclass IIIe nonirrigated; Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is Sandy Plains range site. high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. 6--Ascalon sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600 g 00'70 26 SOIL SURVEY shale is about 18 inches. Permeability is moderate. Availa- plication of barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer. ble water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue 10 to 20 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and are important. the erosion hazard is moderate. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, This unit is used as rangeland and wildlife habitat. The barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali sacaton, winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buffalograss, to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is sideoats grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, sedge, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also present. Poten- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- tial production ranges from 800 pounds per acre in lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable years. As The potential native vegetation on this range site is range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Management of vegetation on this unit should be based production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected the site as range condition becomes poorer. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can Management of vegetation on this soil should be based be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. spring has proven most successful. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested coyote, are best suited to this unit. Because forage wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected production is typically low, grazing management is needed should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can if livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock water- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be ing facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in The nearby cropland makes areas of this unit valuable as spring has proven most successful. escape cover for openland wildlife, especially pheasants. Windbreak and environmental plantings are generally Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Shaly not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to Plains range site. determine if plantings are feasible. 37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are small areas be developed by establishing areas for nesting and escape of soils that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40 cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- inches. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- sandy loam about 0 inches thick. The underlying material land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, a depth of about 30 inches. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. permeability is moderately rapid. Available water The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the ero- sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for sion hazard is low. dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- This soil is suited to most of the irrigated crops com- tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to monly grown in the area, but it is somewhat restricted establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for because it is only moderately deep. A suitable cropping such recreational development as camp and picnic areas system is corn, corn for silage, barley, 3 to 4 years of al- and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ills irrigated, IVe falfa, and wheat. This soil is also well suited to irrigated nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. pasture. 38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. Row crops can be irrigated by furrows or sprinklers. This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at Flooding from contour ditches and sprinkling are suitable elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum in irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Small heads derived from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are of water and short runs help to reduce erosion. Produc- small areas of soils that have sandstone at a depth of tion can be maintained with frequent irrigations and ap- more than 40 inches. 970070 32 SOIL SURVEY are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of 47—Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- sine, an elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The shrubs best ysuited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- eluded. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub. brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil. followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass lie irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site. barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48—Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches. lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or 910050 1r. WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, :VEY I and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, sho ivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of l and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade diti Sege' 'ion between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer. grc nay . needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cro xeriods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival ire Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irri tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. amxine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tai shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested do an peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can do game species can be attracted by establishing areas for be seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled gr: I into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has pr y nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed ! proven most successful. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally bk for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in co agriculture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- an tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of an has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation th Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- I may be needed at the time of planting and during dry tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival or moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa th causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The S: sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- gi Capability subclass Its irrigated. an peashrub. 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. sl deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- bi 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian game species can be attracted by establishing areas for d deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed 51 have loam and clay loam underlying material. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive s 12 i es thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 agriculture. inche.� is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area t Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. v moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- r more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is tional development. The only limiting feature is the I low. moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It causes a hazard of ground water contamination from I is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. . leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; needed for proper water application. Sandy Plains range site. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- 52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years shale within a depth of 60 inches. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is ! Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. (I sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also sandy loam. may be needed to control water erosion. - Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is The potential native vegetation on this range site is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is grams. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, low and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. ble nears to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops con m deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, II 9700 70 L JRVEY WELD COUNTY, COLOR Closely spaced contour ditches can be used in irrigating small grain or irrigated pasture. This soil has severe clo- grown crops. Contour furrows should be used for restrictions and requires very careful management. Most roApplications of barnyard manure and commer- irrigation methods are suitable, but the length of runs cial paps. should be short to prevent overirrigation. Light, frequent llfertilizer help to and maintain good production.residue are Keeping irrigations are best. Barnyard manure and commercial tillage to a minimum utilizing crop residue impor- fertilizer are needed for normal yields. The potential native vegetation is dominated y Cant. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also sacaton, western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buf- present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds falograss, sideoats grama, needleandthread, little per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- present. Potential production ranges from 800 pounds per falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- acre in favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. i years. As range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses Management of vegetation on this soil should be based decrease and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable poorer. if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. ing. The heagr s selected shouldwhea reet are h suitable for seed- Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats ing. isof grass . It can beseeded meed the seasonal clean,require-firm grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested meets stubble, It can into a wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected seedbed. Stubble, or it in n be drilled hs into a firm o prepared s should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can seedbed. Seeding early spring has proven most success- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or it can be ful. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally' not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to spring has proven most successful. - Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally determine if plantings are feasible. Supplemental water is not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to ' needed for successful plantings. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The determine if plantings are feasible. c land areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necks d Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and :asant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc- t tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. s ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- This soil has poor potential for urban development. The I, land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be chief limiting feature is the shallow depth to shale. Capa- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, bility subclass IVs irrigated, VIs nonirrigated; Shaly s managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. Plains range site. d This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational 59—Shingle loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a shal- n development. The chief limiting features are the underly- low, well drained soil on upland hills and ridges at eleva- s ing shale, the low strength, and the moderate to high tions of 4,850 to 5,200 feet. It formed in residuum from shrink swell. These features present severe problems in shale. Included in mapping are some small outcrops of n dwelling and road construction and in use of septic tank shale and sandstone. d absorption fields and sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loam about r IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Clayey Plains range site. 4 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish >f 5g—Shingle loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a shal- brown clay loam about 10 inches thick. Shale is at a depth low, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,850 to of about 16 inches. is 5,200 feet. It formed in residuum from shale. Included in Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Sur- d crops. s• mapping are some small areas of shale and sandstone out- face runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loam about moderate. Pe 6 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish The potential native vegetation on this soil is ig brown clay loam. Shale is at a depth of about 18 inches. dominated by alkali sacaton, western wheatgrass, and d- permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is blue grama. Buffalograss, sideoats grama, needie- r- little bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing 4 low. The effective tsmedium,rooting depth is n 20 inches. Sur- saltbush are also present. Potential production ranges 4 face runoff is and the erosion hazard is low. all This. soil is suited only to limited cropping. A suitable from 800 pounds per acre in favorable years to 500 pping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa and 2 years of pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteri- i nn 110^.1"0 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 39 small grain or irrigated pasture. This soil has severe orates, the mid grasses decrease and forage production restrictions and requires very careful management. Most drops. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as irrigation methods are suitable, but the length of runs range condition becomes poorer. should be short to prevent overirrigation. Light, frequent Management of vegetation on this soil should be based irrigations are best. Barnyard manure and commercial on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- fertilizer are needed for normal yields. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats sacaton, western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buf- grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested falograss, sideoats grama, needleandthread, little wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can present. Potential production ranges from 800 pounds per be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or it can be acre in favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in years. As range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses spring has proven most successful. decrease and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to poorer. determine if plantings are feasible. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc- tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can development. The chief limiting feature is the shallow be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or it can be depth to shale. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in nonirrigated; Shaly Plains range site. spring has proven most successful. 60-Shingle-Renohill complex, 3 to 9 percent slopes. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally This gently sloping to moderately sloping map unit is on not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to plains, hills, and ridges at elevations of 4,600 to 4,750 feet. determine if plantings are feasible. The Shingle soil makes up about 65 percent of the unit, Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and and the Renohill soil about 25 percent. About 10 percent coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc- is Tassel fine sandy loam. The Shingle soil occupies the tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if steeper, convex parts of the landscape, and the Renohill livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering soil occupies the less steep, slightly concave positions. facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. The Shingle soil is shallow and well drained. It formed This soil has poor potential for urban development. The in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface chief limiting feature is the shallow depth to shale. Capa- layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick. The un- bility subclass IVs irrigated, VIs nonirrigated; Shaly derlying material is light yellowish brown clay loam. Cal- Plains range site. careous clayey shale is at a depth of about 18 inches. 59—Shingle loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a shah Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is low, well drained soil on upland hills and ridges at eleva- low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Sur- tions of 4,850 to 5,200 feet. It formed in residuum from face runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is shale. Included in mapping are some small outcrops of moderate. shale and sandstone. The Renohill soil is moderately deep and well drained. Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loam about It formed in residuum from shale. Typically the surface 4 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish layer is grayish brown clay loam about 9 inches thick. The brown clay loam about 10 inches thick. Shale is at a depth subsoil is grayish brown and pale brown clay loam about of about 16 inches. 14 inches thick. The substratum is clay loam. Shale is at a Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is depth of about 32 inches. low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Sur- Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is face runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. moderate. Surface runoff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is The potential native vegetation on this soil is moderate. dominated by alkali sacaton, western wheatgrass, and This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The blue grama. Buffalograss, sideoats grama, needle- potential native vegetation on the Shingle soil is andthread, little bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing dominated by alkali sacaton, western wheatgrass, and saltbush are also present. Potential production ranges blue grama. Buffalograss, sideoats grama, needle- from 800 pounds per acre in favorable years to 500 andthread, little bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing ,ounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteri- saltbrush are also present. Potential production ranges 97007O Hello