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Cu1\IVENTIONAL AND SPECIAL
SYMBOLS LEGEND
FOR SOIL MAPS SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR
CULTURAL FEATURES • S0IL SURVEY ;,r D,
SL NCUULAnons AND SYMUOLS .=�-
nourlonnlra rlc
Gravel Pit ESCM!!,.11:: ,
National,:talc or provoke — —
Lhue or quarry r' Ucdrnr'e
County or Vari:h — (ponds Morn. :Wel
;ISCC LL.U:CUIP.CULTURAL L FEATURES Olh :hark bcdrnr.h
Minor civil tI i..i;iUn — — -- lnw:D Ow.;lace)
SIIOIt! STEEP SLOPE
fdm ., ..J, hat.
IlcsuvaVou i 0, ii,'' Icrcl or jr .P " Iou i m ur Lan mca'.1
:talc torn.or park. CULIY •"""`�'••• •"
Gmrch •
and larl;c air Uoil) ---- ' o
/ DEPRESSION 01! :unit,
iCdOpl India
m O
Land grant .. -- hL nl
r, SOIL S.\::1'I.C. SITE
Inlli.m mound(label) pn.'Illy not:Lm'ml
Lund of soil:urvcr(labs❑ towel
loca L:J ob;Ccl llahclT
0 :.tISCI.LL,V:000S
Field shed ma;clJux 1.ncalbnc _ ens C.I:Iacnw;
Tani(Ubcll
AO(IOC UOU'rlDACI'(label) . _I_ {
1u....a.—mn nil or ,• Clay spot
Small avnor I.au held,car L,odheld. ..
Wilder/.or Peed pool __ Cu•.uay:Pnl
^ Can:Oo.shch or :cabby snot UndidSTATE COORDINATE. TICK --J-- Y.i:chcn nuddcn
L Uunyq and other vvil.0 :.IAND DIVISION !la R:, t_ J_ _I_ _l 000 .u.l a.eas
(:[.tons and lam!I:ranDI Prominent Inn or Vca4
n0r\DS
tack o rno
Di vidcJ(me.ILm,:hpmil tin Curie:sam:•done:uul :bole)
II :aaIC P<,mda VdATER FEATURES „ .1.
e
Oliver read,
DRAINAGE Sand,:an: . .
Trait �----
ROAD CI•:UIF:AS G DESIGNAT
IONS I'crcmual,tluuble IUR ..evenly eroded Spud
QPerennial.ynl;:C hue �—• Stole or :.lip (I.p:Pam;P1 shli;r,)
Interstate0 Ill
® �—�,•.- S:on'i:Pot.very;IUnI':Vol
InlCruullcnl
Federal ' \F
0 Ur.,mal:C end
State Highly Erodible Land nEL
County.(arm or ranch
o C.tnah•.or di:o1C:
RAILROAD I--" OmlLlolncllabcl! :_—_—_,. ...C.
Not Highly Erodible
Dramr.. and/or ril:almn ---•—_ Land N Ela@.
PO/:ER TRANSMISSION LINO
(normally not shown)
_.—.— LASES.PONDS AND IICSElr/DINS
(n
rl LINE '
onnally not;bov:n). reicmual
F CNCE - in!
(normally not shown) - ..
• Interim::rnl
' LEVEES
,,,,,,I„li,,,,nn MISCELLANEOUS\'tAliNN FEATURES
Without road
..
Mar:b m :vran,D .
With road u. nr.numn
',minimum.. ,Sur 17th.railroad ,u„—i i iii
DALIS'• \ Well,al le pan
l 4
"\ i C:cll.with?boil
Large(to :catch
C 'r"r vet sown
I.IeJmn,or small -1 981.447
•
(taken front published soil survey text for
use as a soil mein legend shoot; for ISA plan
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
RANGELAND PRODUCTIVITY AND CHARACTERISTIC PLANT COMMUNITIES
Ms. Patten
(Only the soils that support rangeland vegetation suitable for grazing are listed. Ppt means precipitation)
Total production
Map symbol Range site Characteristic vegetation Compo-
and soil name Kind of year Dry sition
weight
Lb/acre Pct
29:
Julesburg SANDY PLAINS Favorable 2,000 Prairie sandreed 20
Normal 1,500 Blue grama 15
Unfavorable 1,200 Switchgrass 10
Little bluestem 10
Sideoats grama 6
Sand bluestem 5
Sand dropseed 5
Needleandthread 5
30:
lesburg SANDY PLAINS Favorable 2,000 Prairie sandreed 20
Normal 1,500 Blue grama 15
Unfavorable 1,200 Switchgrass 10
Little bluestem 10
Sideoats grama 6
Sand bluestem 5
Sand dropseed 5
Needleandthread 5
481..447
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Ms. Patten
Map Soil name and description
Symbol
29 Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
The Julesburg soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on terraces from alluvial material. The surface
is a sandy loam, as is the subsoil. The underlying
material is loamy sand and sand. The soils have rapid
permeability. Their available water holding capacity
is moderate. Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more.
Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard is severe.
30 Julesburg sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
The Julesburg soil is a deep, well drained soil. It is
formed on terraces from alluvial material. The surface
is a sandy loam, as is the subsoil. The underlying
material is loamy sand and sand. The soils have rapid
permeability. Their available water holding capacity
is moderate. Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more.
Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard is severe.
381447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
Endnote -- RANGELAND PRODUCTIVITY AND CHRACTERISTIC PLANT COMMUNITIES
In areas that have similar climate and topography, differences in the kind and amount of vegetation produced on
rangeland are closely related to the kind of soil. Effective management is based on the relationship between
the soils and vegetation and water. This report shows, for each soil, the range site; the total annual
production of vegetation in favorable, normal, and unfavorable years; the characteristic vegetation; and the
average percentage of each species. Only those soils that are used as rangeland or are suited to use as
rangeland are listed. An explanation of the column headings in this report follows.
RANGE SITE is a distinctive kind of rangeland that produces a characteristic natural plant community that
differs from natural plant communities on other range sites in kind, amount and proportion of range plants.
The relationship betweeen soils and vegetation was ascertained during this survey; thus, range sites generally
can be determined directly from the soil map. Soil properties that affect moisture supply and plant nutrients
have the greatest influence on the productivity of range plants. Soil reaction, salt content, and a seasonal
high water table are also important.
TOTAL PRODUCTION is the amount of vegetation that can be expected to grow annually on well managed rangeland
that is supporting the potential natural plant community. It includes all vegetation, whether or not it is
palatable to grazing animals. It includes the current year's growth of leaves, twigs, and fruits of woody
plants. It does not include the increase in stem diameter of trees and shrubs.
It is expressed in pounds per acre of air-dry vegetation for favorable, normal, and unfavorable years. In a
favorable year, the amount and distribution of precipitation and the temperatures make growing conditions
substantially better than average. In a normal year, growing conditions are about average. In an unfavorable
year, growing conditions are well below average, generally because of low available soil moisture. Dry weight
is the total annual yield per acre of air-dry vegetation. Yields are adjusted to a common percent of air-dry
3ture content. The relationship of green weight to air-dry weight varies according to such factors as
...,rosure, amount of shade, recent rains, and unseasonable dry periods.
CHARACTERISTIC VEGETATION The grasses, forbs, and shrubs that make up most of the potential natural plant
community on each soil is listed by common name.
Under COMPOSITION the expected percentage of the total annual production is given for each species making up
the characteristic vegetation. The amount that can be used as forage depends on the kinds of grazing animals
and on the grazing season.
Range management requires a knowledge of the kinds of soil and of the potential natural plant community. It
also requires an evaluation of the present range condition. Range condition is determined by comparing the
present plant community with the potential natural plant community on a particular range site. The more
closely the existing community resembles the potential community, the better the range condition. Range
condition is an ecological rating only. The objective in range management is to control grazing so that the
plants growing on a site are about the same in kind and amount as the potential natural plant community for
that site. Such management generally results in the optimum production of vegetation, control of undesirable
brush species, conservation of water, and control of erosion. Sometimes, however, a range condition somewhat
below the potential meets grazing needs, provides wildlife habitat, and protects soil and water resources.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 4
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Ms. Patten
(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and
"Wind erodabiLity index" apply only to the surface layer)
Erosion factors Wind Wind
Map symbol Depth Clay Moist Permea- Available Shrink- Organic erodi- erodi-
and soil name bulk bility water swelL matter bility bility
density capacity potential K Kf T group index
In Pct g/cc In/hr In/in Pct
29:
Julesburg 0-12 3-10 1.45-1.55 2.00-6.00 0.11-0.15 Low 2.0-4.0 0.24 0.24 4 3 86
12-27 10-18 1.40-1.50 2.00-6.00 0.11-0.15 Low 1.0-2.0 0.24 0.24
27-60 0-5 1.60-1.70 6.00-20.00 0.05-0.13 Low 0.5-1.0 0.17 0.17
30:
Julesburg 0-12 3-10 1.45-1.55 2.00-6.00 0.11-0.15 Low 2.0-4.0 0.24 0.24 4 3 86
12-27 10-18 1.40-1.50 2.00-6.00 0.11-0.15 Low 1.0-2.0 0.24 0.24
27-60 0-5 1.60-1.70 6.00-20.00 0.05-0.13 Low 0.5-1.0 0.17 0.17
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 4
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Endnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
This report shows estimates of some characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates
are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations
and on test data for these and similar soils.
CLAY as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter.
In this report, the estimated clay content of each major soil Layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the
soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the
fertility and physical condition of the soil. They determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and
to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and
earthmoving operations.
MOIST BULK DENSITY is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is
at field moisture capacity, the moisture content at 1/3 bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after
drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this report, the estimated moist bulk density of each major soil
horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total
pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for
water and roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist
bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
MEABILITY refers to the ability of a soil to transmit water or air. The estimates indicate the
..ce of downward movement of water when the soil is saturated. They are based on soil characteristics
observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is considered in
the design of soil drainage systems, septic tank absorption fields, and construction where the rate of
water movement under saturated conditions affects behavior.
AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by
plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil layer.
The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect the retention of water and the depth of the root
zone. The most important properties are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil
structure. Available water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in
the design and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of
water actually available to plants at any given time.
SHRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL is the potential for volume change in a soil with a Loss or gain of moisture. Volume
change occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with the amount and type
of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture
content influence the amount of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of undisturbed
clods were made for many soils. For others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind and amount of
clay minerals in the soil and on measurements of similar soils. If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate
to very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design
is often needed. Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the change in length of an unconfined clod as
moisture content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The change is based on the soil fraction less
than 2 millimeters in diameter. The classes are "Low," a change of less than 3 percent; "Moderate," 3 to 6
percent; and "High," more than 6 percent. "Very high," greater than 9 percent, is sometimes used.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 3 OF 4
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Endnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
ORGANIC MATTER is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition. In report J,
the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is
less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained or increased by
returning crop residue to the soil. Organic matter affects the available water capacity, infiltration rate, and
tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.
EROSION FACTOR K indicates the susceptibility of the whole soil (including rocks and rock fragments) to
sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The
estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil
structure and permeability. Values of K range from 0.05 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible
the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water.
EROSION FACTOR Kf is like EROSION FACTOR K but it is for the fine-earth fraction of the soil. Rocks and
rock fragments are not considered.
EROSION FACTOR T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that can
occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
WIND ERODIBILITY GROUPS are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their resistance to wind
erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are grouped
1rding to the following distinctions:
1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine sands.
These soils are generally not suitable for crops. They are
extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult to
establish.
2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine sands, loamy
very fine sands, and sapric soil material. These soils are
very highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive
measures to control wind erosion are used.
3. Coarse sandy loans, sandy loams, fine sandy loams, and
very fine sandy loans. These soils are highly erodible.
Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control wind
erosion are used.
4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and silty clay
loans. These soils are erodible. Crops can be grown if
intensive measures to control wind erosion are used.
4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loans, and silty
clay loans that are more than 35 percent clay. These soils
are moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to
control wind erosion are used.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 4 OF 4
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Endnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
5. NoncaLcareous loans and silt foams that are Less than 20
percent clay and sandy clay (clams, sandy clays, and hemic
soil material. These soils are slightly erodible. Crops
can be grown if measures to control wind erosion are used.
6. Noncalcareous loans and silt loans that are more than 20
percent clay and noncalcareous clay loans that are less than
35 percent clay. These soils are very slightly erodible.
Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control wind
erosion are used.
7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay foams that are less than
35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. These soils are
very slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if ordinary
measures to control wind erosion are used.
8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion because of
coarse fragments on the surface or because of surface
wetness.
The WIND ERODIBILITY INDEX is used in the wind erosion equation (WEQ). The index number indicates the
'mt of soil lost in tons per acre per year. The range of wind erodibility index numbers is 0 to 300.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
SOIL FEATURES
Ms. Patten
Bedrock Cemented pan Subsidence Risk of corrosion
Potential
Map symbol frost action Uncoated
and soil name Depth Hardness Depth Kind Initial Total steel Concrete
In In In In
29:
Julesburg >60 --- --- --- --- --- Moderate Moderate Low
30:
Julesburg >60 --- --- --- --- --- Moderate Moderate Low
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
SOIL FEATURES
Endnote -- SOIL FEATURES
This report gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves
engineering considerations.
Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil borings and on
observations during soil mapping. The rock is either "Soft" or "Hard". If the rock is "Soft" or fractured, excavations
can be made with trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is "Hard" or massive, blasting or
special equipment generally is needed for excavation.
Cemented pans are cemented or indurated subsurface layers within a depth of 5 feet. Such pans cause difficulty in
excavation. Pans are classified as "Thin" or "Thick". A "Thin" pan is less than 3 inches thick if continuously
indurated or less than 18 inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Excavations can be made by trenching machines,
backhoes, or small rippers. A "Thick" pan is more than 3 inches thick if continuously indurated or more than 18
inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Such a pan is so thick or massive that blasting or special equipment is
needed in excavation.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence
results from either desiccation and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage.
Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period of several years. This report shows the expected initial
subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which usually is a result of oxidation. Not
shown in the report is subsidence caused by an imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground water throughout
an extensive area as a result of towering the water table.
.,tential frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of
segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost
action occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, permeability,
content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the
potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially
drained. Silty and highly structured clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to
frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil
strength during thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other rigid structures.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens
uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture,
particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete
is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special
site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion environment. The steel
installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than steel in
installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of
corrosion, expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High", is based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical
resistivity near field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High". It is based on soil texture,
acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
WATER FEATURES
Ms. Patten
Flooding High water table and ponding
Map symbol Hydro- Water Maximum
and soil name Logic Frequency Duration Months table Kind of Months Ponding ponding
group depth water table duration depth
Ft Ft
29:
Jutesburg B None --- --- >6.0 --- --- --- ---
30:
Jutesburg B None --- --- >6.0 --- --- --- ---
44
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
WATER FEATURES
Endnote -- WATER FEATURES
This report gives estimates of various soil water features. The estimates ere used in land use planning that involves
engineering considerations.
Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff from precipitation. Soils not protected by vegetation are
assigned to one of four groups. They are grouped according to the infiltration of water when the soils are thoroughly
wet and receive precipitation from long-duration storms. The four hydrologic soil groups are:
Group " A". Soils having a high infiltration rate (Low
runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly
of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water
transmission.
Group "B". Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or
deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that
have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture.
These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission.
Group "C". Soils having a slow infiltration rate when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a
layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils
of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils
have a slow rate of water transmission.
Group "D". Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high
runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential,
soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that
have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and
soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.
These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.
If a soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups in this report, the first letter is for drained areas and the second
is for undrained areas. Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from
adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered
flooding, nor is water in swamps and marshes. This report gives the frequency and duration of flooding and
the time of year when flooding is most likely. Frequency, duration, and probable dates of occurrence are estimated.
Frequency is expressed as "None", "Rare", "Occasional", and "Frequent". "None" means that flooding is not probable;
"Rare" that it is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions; "Occasional" that it occurs, on the
average, once or less in 2 years; and "Frequent" that it occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years.
Duration is expressed as "Very brief" if less than 2 days, "Brief" if 2 to 7 days, "Long" if 7 to 30 days, and "Very
long" if more than 30 days. The information is based on evidence in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel,
sand, silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic matter content with increasing depth;
and absence of distinctive horizons that form in soils that are not subject to flooding. Also considered are local
information about the extent and Levels of flooding and the relation of each soil on the landscape to historic floods.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 3 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
WATER FEATURES
Endnote -- WATER FEATURES--Continued
Information on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than that provided by detailed engineering
surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency levels.
High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a saturated zone in the soil in most years. The depth to a
seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils. The estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a saturated
zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in the soil. Indicated in this report are the depth to the seasonal high
water table; the kind of water table, that is, "Apparent", "Artesian", or "Perched"; and the months of the year that
the water table commonly is high. A water table that is seasonally high for less than 1 month is not indicated in
this report.
An "Apparent" water table is a thick zone of free water in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water
stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil.
An "Artesian" water table exists under a hydrostatic beneath an impermeable layer. When the impermeable layer has been
penetrated by a cased borehole, the water rises. The final level of the water in the cased borehole is characterized as
an artesian water table.
A "Perched" water table is water standing above an unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or "Perched", water
table is separated from a lower one by a dry zone. Only saturated zones within a depth of about 6 feet are
indicated.
iding is standing water in a closed depression. The water is removed only by deep percolation, transpiration,
evaporation, or a combination of these processes.
This report gives the depth and duration of ponding and the time of year when ponding is most likely. Depth, duration,
and probable dates of occurrence are estimated.
Depth is expressed as the depth of ponded water in feet above the soil surface. Duration is expressed as "Very
brief" if less than 2 days, "Brief" if 2 to 7 days, "Long" if 7 to 30 days, and "Very long" if more than 30 days. The
information is based on the relation of each soil on the landscape to historic ponding and on local information about
the extent and levels of ponding.
•
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Ms. Patten
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Shallow Dwellings Dwellings Small Local roads Lawns and
and soil name excavations without with commercial and streets landscaping
basements basements buildings
29:
Julesburg Severe: Slight Slight Slight Moderate: Moderate:
cutbanks cave frost action droughty
30:
Julesburg Severe: Slight Slight Slight Moderate: Moderate:
cutbanks cave frost action droughty
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 2
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Endnote -- BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and Lawns and landscaping. The limitations are
"Slight", "Moderate", or "Severe". The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features are
generally favorable for the indicated use and limitaions are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties
or site features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to
overcome or minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so
difficult to overcome that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased
maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies may be required where the soil limitations are severe.
SHALLOW EXCAVATIONS are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves, utility lines,
open ditches, and other purposes. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of
the soils. The ease of digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very
firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the year that excavations can be made is
affected by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of
the excavation walls or bands to sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table.
DWELLINGS AND SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS are structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed soil. The load
limit is the same as that for single-family dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made for small
commercial buildings without basements, for dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without basements. The ratings
are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. A high water table, depth to bedrock
or to a cemented pan, Large stones, slope, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping
grading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered.
LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They
have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a
flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally properties, site features, and observed performance of the
soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of
excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell
potential, frost action potential, and depth to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.
LAWNS AND LANDSCAPING require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and
maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil
reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper 40
inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope,
stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation
is established.
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 1 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
SANITARY FACILITIES
Ms. Patten
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation)
Map symbol Septic tank Sewage Lagoon Trench Area Daily cover
and soil name absorption areas sanitary sanitary for landfill
fields landfill landfill
29:
Julesburg Severe: Severe: Severe: Slight Poor:
poor filter seepage too sandy seepage,
too sandy
30:
Julesburg Severe: Severe: Severe: Slight Poor:
poor filter seepage too sandy seepage,
too sandy
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 2 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
SANITARY FACILITIES
Endnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES
This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, sewage lagoons,
and sanitary landfills. The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features generally are
favorable for the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties or site
features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or
minimize the Limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome
that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required.
This report also shows the suitability of the soils for use as daily cover for landfills. A rating of "Good" indicates
that soil properties and site features are favorable for the use and good performance and low maintenance can be
expected; "Fair" indicates that soiL properties and site features are moderately favorable for the use and one or
more soil properties or site features make the soil less desirable than the soils rated "Good"; and "Poor" indicates
that one or more soil properties or site features are unfavorable for the use and overcoming the unfavorable
properties requires special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.
SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION FIELDS are areas in which effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil through
subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that part of the soiL between depths of 24 to 72 inches is evaluated. The
ratings are base on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, a high
water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones
and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with installation. Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank absorption fields,
including excessively slow absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside seepage, can affect pubLic health.
Groundwater can be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or fractured bedrock is Less than 4 feet below the
base of the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the surface. There must be
i -gaturated soil material beneath the absorption field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances
,.lire that this material be of a certain thickness.
SEWAGE LAGOONS are shallow ponds constructed to hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the solid and liquid
wastes. Lagoons shouLd have a nearly level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted soil. Lagoons
generally are designed to hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly impervious soil material for the lagoon
floor and sides is required to minimize seepage and contamination of ground water. This report gives ratings for
the natural soil that makes up the lagoon floor. The surface Layer and, generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material
below the surface layer are excavated to provide material for the embankments. The ratings are based on soil
properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, a
high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of organic matter.
Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the level of sewage
in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater
overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon because it
inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can cause construction problems, and Large stones can
hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.
SANITARY LANDFILLS are areas where solid waste is disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of landfill,
trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and covered daily
with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in successive layers on the
surface of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil form a source away
from the site. Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of
groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation need to be considered. The ratings in this report are based
981447
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PAGE 3 OF 3
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE 02/9/98
SANITARY FACILITIES
Endnote -- SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued
on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders,
highly organic layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium affect trench type landfills. Unless otherwise
stated, the ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a
limitation rate "Slight" or "Moderate" may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.
DAILY COVER FOR LANDFILL is the soil material that is used to cover compacted solid waste in an area type sanitary
landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.
Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope affect the ease of removing and spreading the material during wet
and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best cover for a
landfill. Clayey soils may be sticky or cloddy and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to soil
blowing. After soil material has been removed, the soil material remaining in the borrow area must be thick enough
over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a
landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer generally has the best workability, more organic matter than
the rest of the profile, and the best potential for plants. Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled for use
as the final cover.
981447
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