HomeMy WebLinkAbout20002425.tiff 7.
SOIL SURVEY
x
ne substratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand and This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
m'` is suited to all crops commonly
t I .eability is rapid. Available water capacity is ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa small gr n, potatoes,
oderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
ore. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
w. sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper
suited to all crops commmonly grown in the area, in- water application.
uding corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
)tatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
'stem is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
lage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
iaracteristics as the rapidly permeable substratum suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
ightly restrict some crops. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
gation is the most common. Proper irrigation water
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
anagement is essential. Barnyard manure and commer-
al fertilizer are needed for top yields. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
tited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
+tablishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
vating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of an peashrub.
�getation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
ay by needed at the time of planting and during dry cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
iriods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
e Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
ne, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
.rubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
F Zrub. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
? de is an important secondary use of this soil. The
opiand areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
leasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can only limiting feature of this soil is the rapid permeability
attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water
ver. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- contamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass
il and should be included in plans for habitat develop- IIe irri tea
ent, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. w 1—Kim loamy 0 to 1 percent s anli.l alluvial is a deep,
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational e drained soil on smooth plains ana fans at
welopment. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian
dy limiting feature of this soil is the rapid permeability ermeabilit deposits and parent sediment from a wide variety of
the substratum, which causes a hazard of bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water have loamy sand underlying material. i ntamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown
s irrigated.
about 12 inches thick. The upper 30 inches of the underly- a
30—Julesburg sandy loam, 1 to 3
percent slopes. This ing material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a
a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. a 4'00 to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
,uth Platte River. Included in mapping are some leveled4
high. The effective rooting depth r is 60 inches or more.
eas and small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
-atom.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It ,=
Typically the surface layer of this Julesburg soil is is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
own sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
own and pale brown sandy loam about 15 inches thick. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
to substratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand and to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
rid.
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Very few conservation
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is practices are needed to maintain top yields.
)derate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
Fre rface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
/
mercial fertilizer are needed for top
yields.
EXHIBIT
2000-2425
4
%F WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHL N PART
'i Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and The potential native vegetation is dominated by bi
). shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgr;
l suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing and needleandthread, are also present. Potential prod;
vegetation should be continued for as many years as tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable ye;
Ipossible following planting. Trees that are best suited and to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range conditi
g have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, b
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increa
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and
Siberian peashrub, lilac, and American plum. nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer
`# Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Management of vegetation on this soil should be bas
a cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked on taking half and leaving half of the total annual prod.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor conditi.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, bi
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass z
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet t.
.i. seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded it
:` ment, especially a has in areas enof intensive u agriculture.aan a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled intc
' This soil good potential for urban and recreational
the firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring 1
development. Increased population growth in survey proven most successful.
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees a
chief limiting feature for urban development and road shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally w
construction is the limited capacity of the soil to support suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competi
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but ve etation should be continued for as many years
community sewage systems should be provided if the possible following planting. Trees that are best suited a
population density increases. Because of the permeability have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, east;
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, a
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability class I ir- hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sum
rigated. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
32—Kim loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
rl
well drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-Heel
elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species <
deposit and parent sediment from a wide variety of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and esr
bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is ess
have loamy sand underlying material.
Y g tial and should be included in plans for habitat devel
Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Ran
loam about 12 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the un- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can
derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a attracted by developing livestock watering facilit
' depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where neede
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is This soil has good potential for urban and recreatio
a high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. development. Increased population growth in the Bur
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. area has resulted in increased homesite construction.
E In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- chief limiting soil feature for urban development and la
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, construction is the limited capacity of this soil to supp
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly,
€ ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa community sewage systems should be provided if
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, population density increases. Because of the permeabi
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining (fig. 6), and installing of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sea
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subs
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- IIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range sit
k rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- 33—Kim loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a do
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevati
€ In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian depo
₹ barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock.
a winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that h
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is loamy sand underlying material.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Typically the surface layer is brown and pale br<
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 28 inches of the
!age are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. derlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam.
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This map Is compiled on ;974 aenal I `J , —~�00
5 Onn 4 000 3 000 2 000 ,000 0
pnotography oy the U_E Deeartmel4
^oncultu re. Sod CorservatIon Service
ooperabng agen -es
WELD COUNTY
JF Cattle 07.06.2000
APPENDIX C
• Soil Survey and Descriptions
Manure& Process Wastewater AgPro Environmental Services, LLC 14
Management Plan
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R.65 A. I R.64 W,
90 SOIL SURVEY
shale is about 18 inches. Permeability is moderate. Availa- plication of barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer.
ble water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue
10 to 20 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and are important.
the erosion hazard is moderate. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat.
This unit is used as rangeland and wildlife habitat. The barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted t'
potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali sacaton. winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years
western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buffalograss. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
sideoats grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, sedge. too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also present. Poten- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
tial production ranges from 800 pounds per acre in lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable years. As The potential native vegetation on this range site is
range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
Management of vegetation on this unit should be based production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dr
opseed,
grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses
invade
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected the site as range condition becomes poorer.
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion.
Seeding
sg is desirableand reedgrass,theag is in n poor
oor,condition.
spring has proven most successful.
ts
Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
coyote, are best suited to this unit. Because forage wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
production is typically low, grazing management is needed should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
if livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock water- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ing facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
The nearby cropland makes areas of this unit valuable as spring has proven most successful.
escape cover for openland wildlife, especially pheasants. Windbreak and environmental plantings are generally
Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Shaly not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
Plains range site. determine if plantings are feasible.
37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are small areas be developed by establishing areas for nesting and escape
of soils s that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40 covtial er. For pheasants,and should be included undisturbed
inche in plans for habitat in .
develop-
Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
sandy loam about 9 inches thick. The underlying material land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
a depth of about 30 inches. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor
40 inches. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the ero- sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for
sion hazard is low.
dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifies-
This soil is suited to most of the irrigated crops com- tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to
monly grown in the area, but it is somewhat restricted establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for
because it is only moderately deep. A suitable cropping such recreational development as camp and picnic areas
system is corn, corn for silage, barley, 3 to 4 years of al- and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ills irrigated, IVe
falfa, and wheat. This soil is also well suited to irrigated nonirrigated; Sandy
Nelson n e Plains sand nge 3 to 9 percent slopes.
pasture. 38
Row crops can be irrigated by furrows or sprinklers. This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at
Flooding from contour ditches and sprinkling are suitable elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum
in irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Small heads derived from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are
- of water and short runs help to reduce erosion. Produc- small areas of soils that have sandstone at a depth of
tion can be maintained with frequent irrigations and ap- more than 40 inches.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 27
Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for
dy loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material such recreational development as camp and picnic areas
..ght olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at and playgrounds. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe
a depth of about 28 inches. nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water 39—Nunn loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping
sion hazard is moderate. are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel
This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive deposits and small areas of soil that are subject to occa-
cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping sional flooding. Some small leveled areas are also in-
system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- cluded.
falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to ir- Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is,grayish
rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick_ The upper
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam.
Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy
contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin- loam.
klers should be used for new crops. Applications of Permeability is moderately slow. Available water
nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches
tion. or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is low.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, ti•
ces are needed to maintain top yields.
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
t' ite as range condition becomes poorer. rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
__anagement of vegetation on this soil should be based mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation should be continued for as many years as
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected shou planting. Trees that are best suited and
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can possible following
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
redcedar. ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush, lilac,
spring has proven most successful.
Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
not suited. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
Plantings are feasible. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
2ropland areas provide wildlife habitat for ring-necked be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
)peasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
-)e attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
over. For pheasants. undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
ial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop-
nent, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength,
and wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and moderately slow permeability. These features create
attracted by developing livestock watering facilihoa, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas
nanaging livestock grazing, and reseeding whore needed. that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the
The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields
f this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor and foundations. Some areas are adjacent to streams and
ewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for are subject to occasional flooding. This soil has fair poten-
Iwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- tial for such recreational development as camp and picnic
to 'antings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated.
34 SOIL SURVEY
or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
early in spring has proven most successful. Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
peashrub. for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Capability subclass IIs irrigated.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
permeability in the substratum, which causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying material.
recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about
_ Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
Sand range site. inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam.
50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low.
have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land
12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be
inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application.
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
sugar beets,small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til-
teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also
substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 35
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade ditches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close
site as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and
lanagement of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats taining fertility is important. Crops respond to applica-
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
be seeded into a clean, cum stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent Potential
proven most successful. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
;,Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease, and blue grama, sand dropseed,
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer.
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
an peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful.
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
culture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
. apid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass IIIe irrigated. IVe nonirrigated: an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture.
shale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational
to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
sandy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is subclass life irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
low. range site.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 53—Otero sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 39
small grain or irrigated pasture. This soil has severe orates, the mid grasses decrease and forage production
restrictions and requires very careful management. Most drops. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
-igation methods are suitable, but the length of runs range condition becomes poorer.
.ould be short to prevent overirrigation. Light, frequent Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
irrigations are best. Barnyard manure and commercial on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
fertilizer are needed for normal yields. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats
sacaton, western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buf- grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
falograss, sideoats grama, needleandthread, little wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
present. Potential production ranges from 800 pounds per be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or it can be
acre in favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
years. As range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses spring has proven most successful
decrease and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
poorer. determine if plantings are feasible.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc-
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if
Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering
grama. little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can development. The chief limiting feature is the shallow
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or it can be depth to shale. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in nonirrigated; Shaly Plains range site.
spring has proven most successful. 60—Shingle-Renohill complex, 3 to 9 percent slopes.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally This gently sloping to moderately sloping map unit is on
not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to plains, hills, and ridges at elevations of 4,600 to 4,750 feet.
determine if plantings are feasible. The Shingle soil makes up about 65 percent of the unit,
Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and and the Renohill soil about 25 percent. About 10 percent
ote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc- is Tassel fine sandy loam. The Shingle soil occupies the
._.,n is typically low, grazing management is needed if steeper, convex parts of the landscape, and the Renohill
livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering soil occupies the less steep, slightly concave positions.
facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. The Shingle soil is shallow and well drained. It formed
This soil has poor potential for urban development. The in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface
chief limiting feature is the shallow depth to shale. Capa- layer is grayish brown loam about 6 inches thick. The un-
bility subclass IVs irrigated, VIs nonirrigated: Shaly derlying material is light yellowish brown clay loam. Cal-
Plains range site. careous clayey shale is at a depth of about 18 inches.
59—Shingle loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a shal- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
low, well drained soil on upland hills and ridges at eleva- low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Sur-
tions of 4,850 to 5,200 feet. It formed in residuum from face runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is
shale. Included in mapping are some small outcrops of moderate.
shale and sandstone. The Renohill soil is moderately deep and well drained.
Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loam about It formed in residuum from shale. Typically the surface
4 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish layer is grayish brown clay loam about 9 inches thick. The
brown clay loam about 10 inches thick. Shale is at a depth subsoil is grayish brown and pale brown clay loam about
of about 16 inches. 14 inches thick. The substratum is clay loam. Shale is at a
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is depth of about 32 inches.
low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Sur- Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is
face runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches.
moderate. Surface runoff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is
The potential native vegetation on this soil is moderate.
dominated by alkali sacaton, western wheatgrass. and This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The
blue ;;Tama. Buffalograss. sideoats grama. needle- potential native vegetation on the Shingle soil is
andthread, little bluestem. sedge, winterfat, and fourwing dominated by alkali sacaton. western wheatgrass. and
salthusn are also present. Potential production ranges blue grama. Buffalograss, sideoats grama, needle-
[born •-00 pounos per acre in favorable years to 500 andthread, little bluestem, sedge, winterfat, and fourwing
pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteri- saltbrush are also present. Potential production ranges
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