HomeMy WebLinkAbout982566.tiff WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 33
e. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
,n irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil.
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- The soil has good potential for urban and recreational
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 49—Osgood sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 25 bushels well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,680 to
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,900 feet. It formed in eolian sands. Included in mapping
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is are small areas of soils that have a subsoil within 20
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. inches of the surface. Also included are small areas of
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- soils that have a loam and sandy clay loam subsoil.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Osgood soil is gray-
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. ish brown sand about 22 inches thick. The subsoil is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is brown sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loamy sand and
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, sand.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As condi- inches or more. Surface runoff is very slow, and the ero-
tion deteriorates, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and sion hazard is low.
'chgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, and This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
I sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
,,te as range condition becomes poorer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to ir-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can sprinklers should be used for new crops. Applications of
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion.
spring has proven most successful. The potential vegetation on this soil is dominated by
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama.
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival bluestem decrease; forage production drops; and sand
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- becomes poorer.
an peashrub. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
'r. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
and should be included in plans for habitat develop- blowing, the grasses should be seeded with an interseeder
y EXHIBIT
982566 1
34 SOIL SURVEY
or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
early in spring has proven most successful. Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
peashrub. for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Capability subclass Its irrigated.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
permeability in the substratum, whin causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying material.
recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about
Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
Sand range site. - inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam.
50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low.
have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land
12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be
inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application.
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing also
substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surfac{
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by littl,
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue gramr.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potentia
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorabl
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blu
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops.
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on takin,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred gra2
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding an
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical.
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally ar
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed t
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible.
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessar,
ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreag
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scale
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success- quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed i
ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitabi
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and habitat on these soils.
shrubs Potential is poor for urban and recreational develol
commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coar
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing s textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Cap,
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Grav
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
Breaks range site.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a dee
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 I
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included i
mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches .
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensil
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The croppir
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to i
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to
bility subclass Tile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and sin.
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be us!
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or spri
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of la
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to mainta
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sa
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats gran
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Pot(
about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. .
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45
range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
itchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
uestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand
Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer.
ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble.
ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush
ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated
be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible.
ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran-
are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
easant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The
Je attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs,
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site.
This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This
primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges,
and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at
tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up
stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per-
lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu-
shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions
rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes.
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It
excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is
5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material
mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand.
depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low.
depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick.
're. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light
. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam.
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a
to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Aver. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
iacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
_aches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cro in Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
pp g' the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of yp y and grayish brown.inches The fine
6 inches is loamy sand the lower 4 is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
taro good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
'. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
.d bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
30 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is moderately slow. Available water In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn-
capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
low. the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- irrigating crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or and cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprin-
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of kler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in minimum and utilizing crop residue help to control ero-
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- sion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond to
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat.
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- barley, and sorghum. Most of the the acreage is planted
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 2C
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. bushels per acre. The soil is usually summer fallowed it
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. The potential native vegetation on this range site is
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
lage are needed to control soil blowing. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grams
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potentia
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invad
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival the s•
ite as range condition becomes poorer.
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa Management of vegetation on this soil should be base(
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor conditiot
an peashrub. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoat:
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. g ,rams blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and creste(
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selecte'
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It cal
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can E
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early ii
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive spring has proven most successful.
agriculture. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generall;
Few areas of this Nunn soil are in major growth and suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard i
urbanized centers. The sandy surface layer,d the moderate establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul
shrink-swell potential in the subsoil,reek and the hazard of tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip o
rare ea ures along Boxt. Creek are the chief limit-
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigatio'
rigfeatures for development. Capability subclass IIIe ir- g
righted, IVe nonirrigated. may be needed at the time of planting and during dr.
44—Olney loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a Periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survive
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderos
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry.
Th
Included in mapping are some small leveled areas. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siber
Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand an peashrub.
about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Th
very pale brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necke
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species ca
brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escaP
Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essel
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develof
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Rangt
low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can t
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 31
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
,aging livestock grazing and reseeding where needed. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
his soil has good potential for urban development. The vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
way limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
face layer is a limitation for recreational development. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
45—Olney loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Included be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and shale within a depth of 60 inches and some small tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
leveled areas. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yel- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
lowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam about managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is This soil has good potential for urban development. The
very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability
Permeability and available water capacity are in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard if face layer is a limitation for recreational development.
low. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, VI nonirrigated; Sandy
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or Plains range site.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.
the time. Close grown crops and pasture can be irrigated This is a deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at eleva-
.i contour ditches and corrugations. Furrows, contour tions of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash
rows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- have a dark surface layer and some small leveled areas.
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility and organic matter con- brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil
tent is important. Crops respond to barnyard manure and is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam
commercial fertilizer. about 15 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60
The potential native vegetation on this range site is inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability and available water capacity are
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- low.
We years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
the site as range condition becomes poorer. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tices are needed to maintain top yields.
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
be seeded into clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
spring has proven most successful. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
'd to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
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