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26 SOIL SURVEY
crop residue
shale is about 18 inches. Permeability is moderate.Avails- plication of barnyard manure and commercial z fert er.r.
ble water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing
10 to 20 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and are n nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter portant.
the erosion hazard is moderate.
This s unit is used as rangeland and wildlife habitat. The barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
Buffalograss, to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali sacaton, winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years
western rams, nee and blue grama. and minimum sideaats grams, needleandthread, little bluestem, sedge, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer•
winterfat, and fourwing aaltbush are also present. Poten- Stubble mulch farming, striperopp g.
til-
tial production ranges from 800 pounds per acre in lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
.
decrease dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
is
favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable years. As The potential native vegetation on this rang
range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- and
prominent. Potential
nuals invade site a range hiion becomes h be based s. and western wesafrom 2200 ds per acre in Managementfavora-
ing hasn leaving h on fthis t unit should podu bleproduction
ears to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
taking half and leaving half the total p annual P Y
alkali sacaton, sideoats and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. condition deteriorates,the sand bluestem,sand reedgrass,
Western wheatgrass, blue grans increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested and sand sage p me
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected the site as range condition becomes oorer•
soil should be based
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can Management of vegetation oo this poorer.
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
provents
most successful. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,spring Ra has cottontail, and grams, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
Rangeland best suited ui such as antelope, wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
coyote, are to this unit. Because forage
production is typically low, grazing management is needed should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
if livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock water- be seeded into a clean,firma sorghum ed seedbed.tubble,or it
can be
in
ing facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. drilled into a firm prep
The nearby cropland makes areas of this unit valuable as spring has proven most successful.escape cover for openland wildlife, especially pheasants. Windbreak and environmental plantings are generally
Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Shaly not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
determine if plantings are feasible.
Plains range site.
37—Nelsonpercent slopes. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
fine sandy loam, to 3
This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at cropland areas provide favorable
o eiaMa habitat e ring-necked
e ids can
elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum pheasant and mourning
from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are small areas be developed by establishing For pheasants, �bed nortnestcoverand escape e
ofin shest that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40cover.
tale and should be included in plans for habitat develop
inches. fine ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range
Typically theabout surface layer is k light ndwnish gray
sandy loam 9 inches thick. The underlying material land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope,acilitie:
is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at attracted by developing livestock watering
a depth of about 30 inches.
managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed.
Permeability is is moderately rapid. Available water The underlying sandstone is the most limiting featur
rl Site preparation fo
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields no
40 inches.ha isSurface l runoff is slow to medium, and the ern dwellings is orepcostly.properly.
and beautific:
area hazard is low• potential ft
This soil is suited to most of the irrigated crops com- tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult t
monly grown in the area, but it is somewhat restricted stab sh. hhissl is soil,
however,
does
s camp good
en are;
because it is only moderately deep. A suitable cropping e Capability teas Ills irrigated, I`
system is corn, corn for silage, barley, 3 to 4 years of al- and playgrounds.
falfa, and wheat. This soil is also well suited to irrigated nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slope
pasture.R
ned soil on plains
Row crops can irrigated furrows gr�riuittable elevations of 4,800 moderately
todeep,
5,050 feet. It formed in residuu
in Flooding from contour segrown ditches rp and sps and rinkling
of irrigating tter and shortruns help to reduce erosion. Product small eareas ofs soils oft sthat thave one. Isandstone atncluded in na depth
apping a
tion can be maintained with frequent irrigations and am more than 40 inches.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 27
Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for
sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material such recreational development as camp and picnic areas
is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at and playgrounds. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe
a depth of about 28 inches. nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water 39—Nunn loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000
40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping
sion hazard is moderate. are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel
This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive deposits and small areas of soil that are subject to occa-
cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping sional flooding. Some small leveled areas are also in-
system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- eluded.
falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to ir- Typify the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish
rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam.
Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy
contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin- loam.
klers should be used for new crops. Applications of Permeability is moderately slow. Available water
nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches
tion. or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
The potential native vegetation on this range site is low
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
grams 'Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grams, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential •
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors- mg corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa small grain, potatoes,
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade tices are needed to maintain top yields.
the site as range condition becomes poorer. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
grama, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected vegetation should be continued for as many years as
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
spring has proven most successful. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush, lilac,
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
not suited. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
plantings are feasible. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
cropland areas provide wildlife habitat for ring-necked be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture.
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength,
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and moderately slow permeability. 'These features create
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas
managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed. that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the
The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields
of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor and foundations. Some areas are adjacent to streams and
sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for are subject to occasional flooding. This soil has fair poten-
dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- tial for such recreational development as camp and picnic
tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated.
34 SOIL SURVEY
or drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. Seeding tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
early in spring has proven most successfuL Brush vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
management can also help to improve deteriorated range. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be shrubs best suited are skunkbush. sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
planted in shallow furrows, and vegetation is needed an peashrub.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
peanlrub, for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The agriculture.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea-
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tional development. The only limiting feature is the
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- causes a hazard of ground water contamination from
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well.
attracted by developing livestock . watering facilities, Capability subclass Its irrigated.
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. po 51—Otero sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
Few areas of this soil are in major growth and ur- deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
banized centers. The chief limiting feature is the rapid 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
permeability in the substratum, whim causes a hazard of deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
ground water contamination from seepage. Potential for have loam and clay loam underlying materiaL
recreation is poor because of the sandy surface layer. Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about
Capability subclass WE. irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep 12 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
Sand range site. inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam.
50—Otero sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
4,700 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that low.
have loam and clay loam underlying material. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area. Land
12 inches thick The underlying material to a depth of 60 leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be
inches is pale brown calcareous fine sandy loam. needed for proper water application.
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is menial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
low. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted tc
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushel:
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate year:
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitaiton is
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. and minimum til
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such charac- Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping,
teristics as a high clay content or a rapidly permeable lage are needed to control water erosion. Terracing als(
substratum slightly restrict some crops. may be needed to control water erosion.
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- The potential native vegetation on this range site is
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and bin(
management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grams
cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potentia
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As rang
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgras:
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 35
and switchgrass decrease and blue grams, sand dropseed, should be grown at least 50 percent of the time. Contour
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade ditches and corrugations can be used in irrigating close
the site as range condition becomes poorer. grown crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, and
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprinkler
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and utilizing crop residue help to control erosion. Main-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tailing fertility is important. Crops respond to applica-
grama, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested tions of phosphorus and nitrogen.
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected The potential native vegetation on this site is
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
be seeded into a clean, firm stubble, or it can be drilled grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
,proven most successful production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- and switchgrass decrease, and blue grama, sand dropseed,
tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation the site as range condition becomes poorer.
may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- grams, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
an peashrub. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soiL should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
game species can be attracted by establishing areas for drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed spring has proven most successful.
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
agriculture. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This soil has excellent potential for urban and recrea- may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
tional development. The only limiting feature is the periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
moderately rapid permeability in the substratum, which are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
causes a hazard of ground water contamination from pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
sewage lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub.
Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
52—Otero sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
have loam and clay loam underlying material. Also in- for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
eluded are small areas of soils that have sandstone and agriculture.
shale within a depth of 60 inches. Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
Typically the surface layer of this Otero soil is brown has resulted in urbanization of much of this Otero soil.
sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material The soil has excellent potential for urban and recreational
to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous fine development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
sandy loam. rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is subclass IIIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
low range site.
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 53—Otero sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
is suited to the crops commonly grown in the area. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,700 to
Perennial grasses and alfalfa or close growing crops 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed outwash and eolian
48 SOIL SURVEY
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings
si�heenazaer illy
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal
n
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating
only in the the rowsandubylementthe tree row d by g s irrigation
trip of
grams, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation
wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected may be necessary 8 that time of taunted and have i good
th
beshould meet the clean,
firm requirements s ostubble,b esor It tae suurrvival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
dr seddnto a cleap, par dorgedb d. ed ng it y be ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and spg s a firm most successful.
seedbed. Seeding early in ry.The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac,and
hackber-
spring has proven auccesafuL Siberian peashrub.
Windbreaks and environmental lingand w are fairly well Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
suited y this soil. Blowing sand low blshin trees Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
and capacity are the principal hazards in establishing should be s game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
planted shrubs. This soil is furrows a loose that Litrons ould nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
in shallow and vegetation maintained nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
between the rows. Supplemental T irrigation may be needed v for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have a culture.
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs development Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
peashrub. stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- con-
tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIs
geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can irrigated.
be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, , 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
managing livestock grazing,and reseeding where needed. deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is they Also included are small areas of soils that have a
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare-
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage ous to a depth of 60 inches.
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub-
75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn-
brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed for proper water applications.
hazard is low. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn-
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, Windbreaks and environmental bantings prince ipal haznerally
ard ir
potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil. Soil blowing, P P
system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul
silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip o
rs rip o
permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and during dr}
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- periods.Trees that are best suited and have good survive
ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are s Rine, cS be1Mo slim junRiper,
eastern
e�ern redcednd ar,
pon .e os:
izer are needed for top yields.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successfuL
development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Lie tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
irrigated; IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
77—Vona sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi-
depth of 60 inches. an peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
brown fine sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
hazard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe
lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
respond to applications o1.'phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale
Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches
needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam.
ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
The potential native 'vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
grams. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
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