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"s 63 r, ,. 29 W 57 56 4,, a ',/."` e 5+ 83;.42__ + '�- .14 r'r .mot 4 .�3' l gy2, .7/)4" • ` ix x > �witY' ' ' -1 Syr �' 1.* .\ ,. °%'^:F f ,�`� .'39 � X34 421 a f , 2000-0959 ilikaill. • • ' .'� . . .. r . 8 ' '' t - ^fit WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 29 have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern The potential native vegetation is dominated by r •.dar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also h. .berry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Management of vegetation of this soil should be based cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tia] and should be included in plans for habitat develop- tion. Range pitting can help in recucing runoff. Seeding is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- wheatgrass, blue grama, sideoats grama, baffalograss, pu- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, bescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable and moderately slow permeability. These features create for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to most successful. streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing pi aic areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated. vegetation should be continued for as many years as 2 Nunn clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and d rp, well drained soil on terraces and smooth plains at have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern elevations of 4,550 to 5,150 feet. It formed in mixed allu- redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and vium and eolian deposits. Included in mapping are small, hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits and lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. small areas of soils that are subject to occasional flooding. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The Some leveled areas are also included. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can t 1 clay loam aobut 9 inches thick. The subsoil is light be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape brownish gray clay loam about 14 inches thick. The upper cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- loam. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be Permeability is moderately slow. Available water attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- hazard is low. ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- and moderately slow permeability. These Features create monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, and foundations. Some areas of this soil are adjacent to or beans. Generally such characteristics as the high clay streams and are subject to occasional flooding. The poten- content or the rapidly permeable substratum slightly tial is fair for such recreational development as camp and restrict some crops. picnic areas and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ile ir- All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigated, IIIc nonirrigated; Clayey Plains range site. rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water 43—Nunn loamy sand, 0 to 1 percent sllopes. This is a management is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700 cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. to 4,900 feet. It formed in alluvium along Box Elder In nonirrigated areas most of the acreage is in small Creek. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that grain and it is summer fallowed in alternate years. have a loamy subsoil and small areas of Bois that are sub- Winter wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average ject to rare flooding. yield is 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is brown spring wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too loamy sand overburden about 9 inches thick. The subsoil low for beneficial use of fertilizer. is dark to very dark grayish brown clay loam about 21 c "thble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is h .re needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. loamy very fine sand, loamy sand, or sand. I 52: SOIL SURVEY the limited capacity of this soil to support a load. Capa- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based bility class I irrigated. on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- 82—Wiley-Colby complex, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This tion. Seeding is desirable :.f the range is in poor condition. nearly level map unit is on smooth plains in the western Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue part of the survey area at elevations of 4,850 to 5,000 grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are feet. The Wiley soil makes up about 60 percent of the suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the unit, and the Colby soil about 30 percent. About 10 per- seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into cent is Heldt silty clay and Weld loam. a clean, firm sorghum stubble or :.t can be drilled into a The Wiley soil is deep and well drained. It formed in firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has calcareous eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is proven most successful. pale brown silt loam about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally pale brown silty clay loam about 23 inches thick. The sub- well suited to these soils. Cultivation to control competing stratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale brown silty vegetation should be continued for as many years as clay loam. possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and Permeability is moderately slow. Available water have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunk bush sumac, hazard is moderate. lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. The Colby soil also is deep and well drained and formed Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove, in calcareous eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer and cottontail are best suited to these soils. Wildlife is pale brown loam about 7 inches thick. The underlying habitat development, including tree and shrub plantings material is very pale brown silt loam to a depth of 60 and grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be inches. successful without irrigation during most years. Under ir- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is rigation, good wildlife habitat can be established, benefit.- high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. ing many kinds of openland wildlife. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is The Wiley soil has only fair potential for urban and moderate. recreational development. Slow permeability, moderate This map unit is used for irrigated and nonirrigated shrink-swell potential, and limited bearing capacity cause cropland and for rangeland, wildlife habitat, and urban problems in dwelling and road construction. The Colby development. soil has good potential for urban and recreational develop- In irrigated areas these soils are suited to all crops ment. Road design can be modified to compensate for the commonly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, limited capacity of this soil to support a load. Capability beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol- r g site. lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or 83 Wiley-Colby complex, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines y sloping map unit is on plains at elevations of 4,850 may be needed for proper water applications. to 5,000 feet. The Wiley soil makes up about 60 percent of All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- the unit, and the Colby soil about 30 percent. About 10 rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- percent is Heldt silty clay and Weld loam. me:rcial fertilizer are needed for top yields. The Wiley soil is deep and well drained. It formed in In nonirrigated areas these soils are suited to winter calcareous eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is wheat, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is pale brown silt loam about 11 inches thick. The suosoil is planted to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is pale brown silty clay loam about 23 inches thick. The sub- 28 bushels per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in al- stratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale brown silty ternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally clay loam. precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Permeability is moderately slow. Available water Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. or more. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. sion hazard is moderate. The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue The Colby soil also is deep and well drained and formed grama. Several mid grasses such as western wheatgrass in calcareous eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer and needleandthread are also present. Potential produc- is pale brown loam about 7 inches thick. The underlying tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years material is very pale brown silt loam to a depth of 60 to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition inches. deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is falograss, snakeweed, yucca and fringed sage increase; high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. is moderate. WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 53 This unit is used for irrigated and nonirrigated The Wiley soil has only fair potential for urban and cropland and for rangeland, wildlife habitat, and urban recreational development. Slow permeability, moderate development. shrink-swell potential, and limited bearing capacity cause In irrigated areas these soils are suited to the crops problems in dwelling and road construction. The Colby commonly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfal- soil has good potential for urban and recreational develop- fa or close grown crops should be grown at least 50 per- ments. Road design can be modified to compensate for cent of the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be the limited capacity of this soil to support a load. Capa- used in irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Fur- Pains rangeul Ille irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Loamy rows, contour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suita- site. ble for row crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue Use and management of the soils help to control erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. The soil survey is a detailed inventory and evaluation In nonirrigated areas these soils are suited to winter of the most basic resource of the survey area—the soil. It wheat, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is is useful in adjusting land use, including urbanization, to planted to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is the limitations and potentials of natural resources and the 28 bushels per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in al- environment. Also, it can .help avoid soil-related failures fermate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally in uses of the land. precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. While a soil survey is in progress, soil scientists, con- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- servationists, engineers, and others keep extensive notes lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. about the nature of the soils and about unique aspects of Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. behavior of the soils. These notes include data on erosion, The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue drought damage to specific crops, yield estimates. flood- grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass ing, the functioning of septic tank disposal systems., and and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- other factors affecting the productivity, potential, and tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years limitations of the soils under various uses and manage- to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition ment. In this way, field experience and measured data on deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- soil properties and performance are used as a basis for falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; predicting soil behavior. and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- Information in this section is useful in planning use and nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. management of soils for crops, pasture, and rangeland, as Management of vegetation on these soils should be sites for buildings, highways and other transportation based on taking half and leaving half of the total annual systems, sanitary facilities, and parks and other recrea- production. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor tion facilities, and for wildlife habitat. From tle data presented, the potential of each soil for specified land condition. Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheat- .uses can be determined, soil limitations t.o these land uses grass, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected can be identified, and costly failures in houses and other should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can structures, caused by unfavorable soil properties, can be avoided. A site where soil properties are favorable be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in selected, practices that will overcome the soil limita- i be t ons can be planned. spring has proven most successful. Planners and others using the soil survey can evaluate 'Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and the impact of specific land uses on the overall productivi- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well ty of the survey area or other broad planning area and on suited to these soils. Cultivation t.o control competing the environment. Productivity and the environment are vegetation should be continued for as many years as closely related to the nature of the soil. Flans should possible following plantings. Trees that are best suited maintain or create a land-use pattern in harmony with the and have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, east- natural soil. ern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, Contractors can find information that is useful in local.- and hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush ing sources of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. Other sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. information indicates the presence of bedrock, wetness, or Openland wildlife, such as pheasant, mourning dove, very firm soil horizons that cause difficulty in excavation. and cottontail, are best suited to these soils. Wildlife Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and many habitat development, including tree and shrub plantings other specialists also can find useful information in this and grass plantings to serve as nesting areas, should be soil survey. The safe disposal of wastes, for example, is successful without irrigation during most years. Under ir- closely related to properties of the soil. Pavements, side- rigation, good wildlife habitat can be established, benefit- walks, campsites, playgrounds, lawns, and trees and ing many kinds of openland wildlife. shrubs are influenced by the nature of the soil. Hello