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$ SOIL SURVEY
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. 60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass colored surface layer, make up about 35 percent. About 5
irrigated. percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam.
2—Altvan loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,500 to 4,900 recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the
feet. It formed in old alluvium deposited by the major soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al-
rivers. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying
show evidence of poor drainage. Also included are small, material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel
long and narrow areas of sand and gravel deposits. within 48 inches. In places they have a gleyed layer in the
Typically the surface layer of this Altvan soil is grayish underlying material.
brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown Most of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water
and light yellowish brown clay loam and sandy clay loam table is at or near the surface early in spring and recedes
about 14 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous loamy to as deep as 48 inches late in fall in some years.
sand about 5 inches thick over gravelly sand. These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat.
Permeability and available water capacity are Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. and leveling and are used for irrigated crops.
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sacaton, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass,
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent.
mg corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkali
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch sacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgrass,
lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper sedge, and rush increase.
water'application. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- half and leaving half of the total annual production. Soed-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- ing is difficult and costly because numerous tillage prac-
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
Windbreaks and environmental plantins of trees and tices are required to eliminate the saltgrass sod.
rubs commonly grown in the area are generally well switchgrass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tall
ted to this soil. Cultivation to control competing wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. They
vegetation should be continued for as many years as can be seeded into a clean, firm seedbed. Seeebed
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and preparation usually requires more than 1 year to
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern eliminate the saltgrass sod. A grass drill should be used.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Seeding early in spring has proven most successful.
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit.
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover,
This soil can produce habitat elements that are highly as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
suitable for openland wildlife including pheasant, cotton- where wildlife obtain much of their food and find prctee-
tail, and mourning dove. Such crops as wheat, corn, and tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
alfalfa provide suitable habitat for openland wildlife, openland wildlife.
especially pheasant. Tree and shrub plantings and Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for
undisturbed nesting cover would enhance openland wil- cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some
dlife populations. areas.
This Altvan soil has fair to good potential for urban These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from
and recreational development. The chief limiting soil fea- fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by
tures for urban development are the shrink-swell poten- livestock. They should not be drained.
tial of the subsoil as it wets and dries and the rapid These soils have good potential as a source of sand and
permeability of the sand and gravel substratum. Septic gravel. Capability subclass VIw; Salt Meadow range site.
tank absorption fields function properly, but in places the 4—Aquolls and Aquepts, flooded. This nearly level
substratum does not contain enough fines to properly map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the
filter the leachate. Sewage lagoons require sealing. bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer,
Ile irrigated. make up about 55 percent of the unit. Aquepts, which
3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25
nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained
of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of
ich have a dark colored surface layer, make up about the surface.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 9
These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in If summer fallowed in alternate years, this soil is well
recent. alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the suited to winter wheat, barley, and sorghum. Winter
soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy wheat is the principal crop. The predicted average yield is
or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex- 33 bushels per acre. If the crop is winterkilled, spring
tends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In places they have wheat can be seeded. Generally precipitation is too low
a gleyed layer in the underlying material. for beneficial use of fertilizer.
Most of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff. The Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til-
water table is at or near the surface in spring and during lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
the peak of the irrigation season. Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion.
These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation on this range site is
Some small areas are irrigated pasture. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
The potential native vegetation is dominated by grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, saltgrass, alkali sacaton, and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender Production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
wheatgrass, sedge, and rush. Cattails and bullrush grow ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
in the swampy spots associated with these range sites:
Potential production ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in and switchgrass decrease and blue grams, sand tlropseed,
favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses the site as range condition becomes poorer.
Management of vegetation should be based on taking
decrease, production drops, and saltgrass, sedge, and rush
Seed-
increase. The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed-
tng is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Sand
increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage.
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheat-
ron taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- grass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected should
tion. Switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, western
meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. ft can be
wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheat-
grass, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal
spring has proven most successful.
requirements of livestock. For successful seeding, a firm Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
prepared seedbed is needed. A grass drill should be used. suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Til- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
lage is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
openland wildlife. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Ind Siberi-
Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for an peashrub.
cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
overuse by livestock. They should not be drained. Capa- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
bility subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range site, cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
Aquepts in Wet Meadow range site. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
5--Ascalon sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is rnent. Rangeland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn an-
a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600 telope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering
to 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvium. Included in mapping facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding
are small areas of rock outcrop. where needed.
Typically the surface layer is brown sandy loam about Few areas of this Ascalon soil are in major growth and
10 inches thick. The subsoil is pale brown and yellowish urbanized centers. The shrink-swell potential of the sub-
brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- soil as it wets and dries is the most limiting soil feature
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is calcareous fine sandy that must be considered in planning homesites and con-
loam. structing roads. Capability subclass IIIe nonirrigated;
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is Sandy Plains range site.
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. 6—Ascalon sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is
Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. a deep, well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,600
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 19
vegetation should be continued for as many years as Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue
hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape proven most successful.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. suited to this soiL Cultivation to control competing
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational vegetation should be continued for as many years as
development. Road design can be modified to compensate possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
for the limited capacity of this soil to support a load. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
Capability class I irrigated. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
24—Fort Collins loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on terraces and plains at elevations lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
of 4,500 to 5,050 feet. It formed in alluvium modified by Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
thin eolian deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
areas and few small areas of a soil that is calcareous at pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
the surface. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Typically the surface layer of this Fort Collins soil is cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
grayish brown loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
brown and very pale brown clay loam and loam about 17 meat, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
fine sandy loam. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development. Road design can be modified to compensate
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- for the limited capacity of this soil to suppor. a load.
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, Capability subclass Ile irrigated, IVc nonirrigated;
beans (fig. 5), alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An Loamy Plains range site.
example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of 25—Haverson loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. Phis is a
alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small deep, well drained soil on low terraces and flood plains at
grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing elevations of 4,500 to 4,800 feet. It formed in stratified
pipelines may be needed for proper water applications. calcareous alluvium. Included in mapping are small areas
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- of soils that have fine sandy loam and sandy loan under-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- lying material and small areas of soils that have sand and
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. gravel above 40 inches.
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, Typically the surface layer of this Haverson soil is
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to grayish brown loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loam
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years stratified with thin lenses of loamy sand and clay loam.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. soil is subject to flooding.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, and
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years onions.
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, buf- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are well
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. suited to this soil. Flooding and moisture competition
32 SOIL SURVEY
are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, and pubescent wheatgrass are suita-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. ble for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
has resulted in urbanization of much of this Olney soil. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
development. The only limiting feature is the moderately proven most successful.
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
lagoons: Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
class I irrigated. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
47--Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
dark surface layer. Some small leveled areas are also in- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hack berry. The
chided. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish an peashrub.
brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
is yellowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
about 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability and available water capacity are cover.. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 00 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- Rapid expansion of Greeley and the surrounding area
ple of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa has resulted in urbanization of much of the Olney soil.
followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing development. The only limiting feature is the moderately
pipelines may be needed for proper water application. All rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow irrigation is hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
the most common. Barnyard manure and commercial fer- lagoons. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability
tilizer are needed for top yields. subclass Ile irrigated, We nonirrigated; Sandy Plains
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, range site.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to 48--Olney fine sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes.
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels This is a deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of
per acre. The soil is summer £allowed in alternate years 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have a
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. dark surface layer and small areas of soils that have
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- sandstone and shale within a depth of 60 inches.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. brown fine sandy clay loam about 8 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is soil is yellowish brown and very pale brown fine sandy
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue loam about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, 60 inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam.
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
42 SOIL SURVEY
Typically the surface layer is brown loam about 8 The underlying shale is the most limiting feature of
inches thick. The underlying material is pale brown and this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor sewage
very pale brown loam. Shale is at a depth of about 28 lagoons function properly. In places the underlying shale
inches. has high shrink-swell potential. Environmental and beau-
Permeability and available water capacity are tification plantings of trees and shrubs can be difficult to
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. establish. Capability subclass IVs irrigated; IVe nonir-
Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. rigated; Loamy Plains range site.
This soil is suited to limited cropping. A suitable 65—Thedalund loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by 2 moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations
years of corn and small grain and alfalfa seeded with a of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in residuum from shale.
nurse crop. Incorporating plant residue and manure im- Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have
proves tilth and provides organic matter and plant shale and sandstone deeper than 40 inches. Some small
nutrients. outcrops of shale and sandstone are also included.
Most irrigation methods are suitable, but the length of Typically the surface layer of this Thedalund soil is
runs should be short to prevent overirrigation. Light, brown loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material
frequent irrigations are best. Sprinkler irrigation is is pale brown and very pale brown loam. Shale is at a
desirable. Commercial fertilizers increase yields and add depth of about 25 inches.
to the value of the forage produced. Permeability and available water capacity are
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches.
Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 25 bushels is moderate.
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. system should be limited to such close grown crops as al-
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited to ir-
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small
The potential native vegetation is dominated by blue grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. _
grama. Several mid grasses, such as western wheatgrass Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers ran be
and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc-
sprinklers in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or
sprinklers should be used for new crops. Application of
tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition commercial fertilizer helps in maintaining good produc-
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama, butt tion.
falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage increase; The potential native vegetation is dominated t v blue
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- grama. Several mid grasses, such sas
e western whcitgrass
nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and needleandthread, are also present. Potential produc-
se ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease; blue grama,
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. ase;
Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue falograss, snakeweed, yucca, and fringed sage i and e;
and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an-
grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are nuals invade the site as range condition becomes suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the g poorer.
seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into Management half of leaving
vegetation half ofon the soil should l based
on taking half and leaving the total annual produc-
a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has Sideoats grama, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, blue
proven most successful. grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the
not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into
determine if plantings are feasible. a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a
Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has
coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc- proven most successful.
tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. The determine if plantings are feasible.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for pheasant and Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and
mourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted coyote, are best suited to this soil. Because forage produc-
by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. tion is typically low, grazing management is needed if
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 43
livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock watering ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require-
facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. The ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm
opland areas provide favorable habitat for pheasant and sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared
mourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. ful.
The underlying shale is the most limiting feature of Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and
this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor sewage shrubs commmonly grown in the area are generally well
lagoons function properly. In places the underlying shale suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
has high shrink-swell potential. Environmental and beau- vegetation should be continued for as many years as
tification plantings of trees and shrubs can be difficult to possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and
establish. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, V le nonir- have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
rigated; Loamy Plains range site. redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
66—Ulm clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac,
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 5,075 to lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum.
5,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments from Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
shale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
have shale between 40 and 60 inches. Also included are pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
small areas of soils where the surface layer and subsoil be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
have been recharged with lime from irrigation. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is cssen-
Typically the surface layer of this Ulm soil is brown tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
clay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
pale brown clay about 14 inches thick. The substratum to land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, car be
a depth of 60 inches is clay and clay loam. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational
runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is low. development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops corn- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa-
monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, bility subclass Ile irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey
beans, alfalfa, and small grain. An example of a suitable Plains range site.
-Topping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by 67—Ulm clay loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a
irn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 5,075 to
Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines are 5,200 feet. It formed in alluvial and eolian sediments from
needed for proper water applications. shale. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- have shale between depths of 40 and 60 inches. Also in-
rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- eluded are small areas of soils where the surface layer
mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. and subsoil have been recharged with lime from irriga-
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, tion.
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to Typically the surface of this Ulm soil is brown clay
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years brown clay about 12 inches thick. The substratum to a
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is depth of 60 inches is clay and clay loam.
too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops. com-
The potential native vegetation is dominated by monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
western vvheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrow::, con-
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
vheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
r
. 124 SOIL SURVEY
TABLE 12.--ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS
(The symbol C means less than; > means greater than. Absence of an entry means data were not estimated]
Classification ;Frag- Percentage passing
Soil name and Depth USDA texture ;meats sieve number-- Liquid Plas-
map symbol Unified ; AASHTO : > 3 limit ticity
inches 4 10 40 200 'Index
In Pct Pct
1 , 2 0-10 Loam CL-ML :A-4 0 90-100 85-100 60-95 50-75 20-30 5-10
Altvan 10-25 Clay loam, loam CL ;A-6, A-7 0 95-100 95-100 85-100 70-80 35-50 5-25
25-60 Sand and gravel SP, SP-SM:A-1 0 75-95 70-90 25-35 0-10 --- NP
3''
Aquolls 0-48 Variable --- ; --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- .---
48-60 Sand, gravelly SP, SP-SM;A-1 0-10 60-90 50-70 ,30-50 0-10 --- NP
sand.
Aquents 0-48 Variable --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- .---
48-60 Sand and gravel SP, SP-SM:A-1 0--10 60-90 50-70 30-50 0-10 --- NP
44•
Aquolls 0-60 Variable --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ._--
Aquepts 0-60 Variable --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
5, 6, 7 0-R Sandy loam SM ;A-2, A-4 0 95-100 90-100:70-95 25-50 15-25 N'-5
Ascalon 8-18 Sandy clay loam SC, CL :A-6 0 95-100 90-100;80-100 40-55 20-40 0-20
18-60 Sandy loam, SC, ;A-4, A-6 (1 95-100 95-100:75-95 35-65 20-40 5-15
sandy clay SM-SC,
loam, fine CL,
' sandy loam. CL-ML ,
8, 9 0-8 Loam SM A-2, A-4 0 95-100:90-100 70-95 25-50 : 15-25 NP-5
Ascalon : 8-18 Sandy clay loam SC, CL A-6 0 95-100:90-100 80-100 40-55 : 20-40 0-20
:18-60 Sandy loam, SC, A-4 , A-6 0 95-100;95-100 75-95 35-65 : 20-40 ( 5-15
sandy clay SM-SC,
loam, fine CL,
sandy loam. CL-ML
10 : 0-4 Sandy loam ISM ;A-2, A-4 0 :95-100:90-100:60-70 30-40 --- NP
3ankard : 4-60 Fine sand, sand , ;SP-SM, SM: A-2, 0-5 :70-100;60-100:40-70 5-25 1 --- VP
gravelly sand. I I A-3,
A-1
11 , 12 0-16 Sandy loam :SM :A-1 , A-2 0 :95-100 75-10035-50 20-35 : 15-25 NP-5
Dresser :16-25 Sandy clay loam ISC :A-2, 0 :95-100 75-100 50-70 30-50 : 30-55 '3-25
A-6,
A-7
125-30 Sandy loam, :SC, SM-SCIA-2, A-1 0 :90-100,60-100 30-60 20-30 : 25-35 : 5-15
coarse sandy
loam, gravelly
sandy loam.
30-60 Loamy coarse :SP-SC :A-2, A-1 0-5 80-100:35-85 .20-50 5-10 : 20-30 5-10
sand, gravelly
loamy sand ,
very gravelly
loamy sand.
13 : 0-9 Gravelly sandy ;GM A-1 , A-2 0-15 50-65 :50-60 X15-40 10-35 : --- NP
Cascajo Loam.
: 9-31 Very gravelly :GP-GM, A-1 0-15 ; 15-50 15-50 5-30 0-20 --- NP
sandy loam, GP, GM
very gravelly
loamy sand,
very gravelly
sand.
131-60 Very gravelly :GP, SP, A-1 : 0-15 10-60 10-60 5-30 0-10 --- NP
loamy sand , GP-GM,
very gravelly SP-SM
sand, gravelly
sand.
See footnote at end of table.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 125
TABLE. 12.--ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued
Classification Frag- ; Percentage passing r
Soil name and Depth; USDA texture ments 1 sieve number-- _;Liquid Plas-
map symbol ; Unified AASHTO > 3 ' 1 limit ticity
inches 4 10 40 200 index
In Pct Pct r
14, 15, 16, 17 0-7 Loam CL-ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 85-100; 25-30 5-10
Colby 7-60 Silt loam, loam, CL-ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 85-1001 25-30 5-10
very fine sandy
loam.
18':
Colby---- 0-7 Loam CL-ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 85-100; 25-30 5-10
7-60 Silt loam, loam, CL-ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 85-100; 25-30 5-10
very fine sandy •
loam.
Adena--- 0-6 Loam ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 70-90 ; 20-30 NP-5
6-9 Clay, clay loam, CH, CL A-6, A-7 0 100 100 95-100 80-90 135-60 15-35
silty clay
loam.
9-60 Loam, silt loam, ML A-4 0 100 100 90-100 75-90 20-30 NP-5
very fine sandy
loam.
19, 20 0-14 Clay loam ;CL-ML A-4 0 95-100 80-100 75-90 50-70 25-30 5-10
Colombo 14-21 Clay loam, loam :CL A-6 0 95-100 75-100 75-90 50-70 20-30 10-15
21-60,StratiCied clay ;CL, CL-ML A-4, A-6 0-5 90-100 75-100 70-90 50-60 20-30 5-15
loam to sand.
1
21 ; 22 0-12 Clay loam ;CL, A-6, A-4 0 ;85-100 75-100 75-95 70-80 20-40 5-20
Dacono 1 CL-ML
12-21 Clay loam, clay, ICL A-6, A-7 0 175-100 60-100 55-95 50-85 35-45 15-20
gravelly clay
•
loam.
21-27,Sandy clay loam, ;CL, SC A-6 0 175-100 60-100 50-95 40-85 11 25-40 10-20
loam, silt
loam.
27-60 Very gravelly :5P, GP A-1 0 35-80 5-50 5-40 0-5 --- NP
sand.
23, 24 0-7 Loam 'CL-ML A-4 0 95-100 90-100 85-100 50-65 25-30 I 5-10
Fort Collins 7-11 Loam, clay loam ;CL A-6 0 ,95-100 90-100 85-95 60-75 25-40 15-25
11-60;Loam, fine sandylCL, CL-ML A-4, A-6 0 195-100 90-100 80-95 50-75 25-35 5-15
loam.
25, 26 0-4 Loam .?.1L, CL-ML A-4 0 1955-100 80-100 75-90 50-60 20-30 NP-10
Haverson 4-60 Stratified clay ML, CL-ML A-4 0 ;95-100 75-100 75-90 50-60 20-30 NP-10
loam to sand.
1
27, 28 0-50 Silty clay CH, CL A-7 0 ;95-100 95-100 95-100 75-95 45-55 25-35
Heldt
29, 30 0-12 Sandy loam SM, ML A-2, A-4 0 ;95-100 75-100 45-85 25-55 --- NP
Julesburg : 12-27 Fine sandy loam, SM, ML A-2, A-4 0 195-100 75-100 50-85 30-55 15-25 NP-5
sandy loam.
:27-60 Sandy loam, 3M A-2, 0 :95-100 75-100 40-85 15-50 --- NP
loamy sand, A-4 ,
fine sand . A-1
31 , 32, 33, 34 1 0-12 Loam ML, SM :A-4 0-5 50-100 75-100 60-90 45-75 20-35 NP-5
Kim ; 12-40 Loam, clay loam CL, CL-MI.I A-4 , A-6 0-5 80-100 75-100 70-95 60-85 ; 25-40 5-15
;40-60 Fine sandy loam SM, ML IA-'I 0-5 80-100 75-100 70-95 40-55 20-30 NP-5
35':
Loup 0-16:Loamy sand 7,,M IA-2 0 100 100 50-100 15-30 --- NP
16-60:Loamy sand , sand ,P-SM, S111A-2, A-3 0 100 100 65-100 5-20 --- NP
1
Boel 0-14 :Loamy sand iM A-2 0 100 100 85-95 20-35 --- NP
14-60:Fine sand , loamy SP, 5M, 6-2, 6-3 0 100 100 85-95 0-25 --- NP
I fine sand , SP-5M
coarse sand.
36': ;Midway- 0-13 Clay CL, CU 'A-7 0 700 100 90-100;80-95 45-60 20-35
i 13 Weathered --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
See footnote at end of table.
1
9
'126 SOIL SURVEY
TABLE 12.--ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued
Classification Frag- Percentage passing
Soil name and Depth USDA texture I I manta sieve number-- Liquid Plas-
map symbol I Unified AASHTO > 3 limit cicity
inches 4 10 40 200 Index
In Pct Pct
36k:
Shingle------------ 0-6 Loam ;CL-ML A-4 0-5 75-100 75-100 70-95 55-75 25-35 5-10
6-18 Clay loam, loam ICL A-6 0 75-100 75-100 65-100 50-80 30-40 10-20
18 Unweathered --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
37, 38 0-9 Fine sandy loam ;ML, SM A-4 0-5 75-100 75-100 70-90 45-60 --- NP
Nelson 9-30 Fine sandy loam, ISM, ML A-4, A-2 D 75-100 75-100 60-85 30-55 --- NP
sandy loam.
30 Weathered --- ; --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
39, 40 -- 0-9 Loam CL, SC ;A-6 0-5 95-100 80-95 70-95 45-75 25-40 10-20
Nunn 9-29 Clay loam, clay CL, CH ;A-6, A-7 0-5 95-100 90-100 85-95 65-75 35-60 20-35
29-60 Clay loam, loam, CL, ;A-4 , 0-5 80-100 80-100 60-90 25-75 15-40 5-20
sandy loam. CL-ML, I A-6,
SM-SC, I A-2
SC
41 , 42 - 0-9 Clay loam CL, SC ;A-6 0-5 95-100 80-95 70-95 45-75 25-40 10-20
Nunn 9-29 Clay loam, clay CH 1A-6, A-7 0-5 95-100 90-100 85-95 65-75 35-60 20-35
29-60 Clay loam, loam, CL, IA-4, 0-5 80-100 80-100 60-90 25-75 15-40 5-20
sandy loam. CL-ML, I A-6,
SM-SC, 1 A-2
SC
43 0-9 Loamy sand SM ;A-2 0-5 95-100 80-95 60-80 20-30 --- NP
Nunn 9-30 Clay loam, clay CL, CH ;A-6, A-7 0-5 95-100 90-100 85-95 65-75 35-60 20-35
30-60 Clay loam, loam, CL, A-4, 0-5 80-100 80-100 60-90 25-75 15-40 5-20
sandy loam. CL-ML, A-6,
. SM-SC, A-2
SC
1, 45 0-10 Loamy sand ISM IA-2 0 95-100 90-100 60-90 15-25 --- HP
Olney 10-20 Sandy clay loam ;SC, CL IA-6 0 95-100 90-100 80-100 40-55 20-40 I '0-20
20-25 Sandy loam, ;SC, ;A-4, A-6 0 95-100 95-100 75-95 35-55 20-35 ;-15
sandy clay SM-SC,
loam, fine CL,
sandy loam. 1 CL-ML
25-60 Fine sandy loam, ;SM A-2 0 95-100 95-100 70-95 20-35 I --- NP
loamy fine
sand.
46, 47, 48 0-10 Fine sandy loam ISM A-2 0 95-100 90-100 70-95 20-35 15-25 NP-5
Olney 10-20 Sandy clay loam SC, CL A-6 0 95-100 90-100,80-100 40-55 20-40 10-20
20-25 Sandy loam, SC, A-4 , A-6 0 95-100 95-100 75-95 35-55 20-35 5-15
sandy clay SM-SC,
loam, fine CL,
sandy loam. CL-ML
25-60 Fine sandy loam, SM :A-2 0 95-100 95-100 70-95 120-35 --- NP
loamy fine
sand.
49 0-22 Sand ISM A-2 0 100 100 65-80 ;15-30 --- NP
Osgood, 22-34 Sandy loam SM A-2, A-4 0 100 100 60-80 130-40 --- NP
34-60 Loamy sand , sand SM A-2 0 100 95-100 50-75 ; 10-25 --- NP
50, 51 , 52, 53 0-12 Sandy loam SM A-2 0-1 95-100 75-100,50-80 ;20-35 --- NP
Otero 12-60 Sandy loam, fine SM A-2, A-1 0-1 90-100 50-100140-80 :20-35 --- NP
sandy loam,
gravelly sandy
loam.
54, 55----- 0-20 Loam ML IA-4 0 95-100 90-100:75-95 ;55-75 25-35 NP-5
Paoli 20-25 Fine sandy loam, SM ;A-4 0 80-100 80-100;60-85 ;35-50 --- NP
sandy loam.
25-60 Fine sandy loam, SM IA-2, A-4 0 75-100 75-100;55-85 :30-50 ; --- NP
sandy loam.
See footnote at end of table.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 127
TABLE 12.--ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued
T Classification Frag- Percentage passing -r
Soil name and Depth USDA texture ments sieve number-- ;Liquid : Plas-
map symbol Unified AASHTO ) 3 ' limit : ticity
inches 4 10 40 200 index
In —_T Pct Pct .F
56, 57 0-9 Clay loam CL A-6 0 85-100 80-100 80-95 70-80 25-40 : 10-20
Renohill 9-32 Clay, clay loam CL, CH A-7, A-6 0 95-100 90-100,90-100 75-95 35-65 120-35
32 Weathered --- --- --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
58, 59 0-6 Loam CL-ML A-4 0-5 75-100 75-100 70-95 55-75 25-35 5-10
Shingle 6-18 Clay loam, loam CL A-6 0 75-100 75-100 65-100 50-80 30-40 10-20
18 Unweathered --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
60*•
Shingle 0-6 Loam CL-ML A-4 0-5 75-100 75-100 70-95 55-75 25-35 5-10
6-18 Clay loam, loam CL A-6 0 75-100 75-100:65-100 50-80 30-40 10-20
18 Unweathered --- --- --- --- --- : --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
Renohill 0-9 Clay loam CL A-6 0 85-100 80-100:80-95 70-80 : 25-40 10-20
9-32 Clay, clay loam CL, CH A-7, A-6 0 95-100 90-100:90-100 75-95 1 35-65 20-35
32 Weathered --- --- --- --- --- ; --- --- --- '
bedrock.
61 0-11 Fine sandy loam ML, SM A-4 0 95-100 90-100;70-95 40-65 20-35 NP-5
Tassel 11 Unweathered --- --- --- --- --- I --- --- ---
bedrock.
62, 63 0-6 Fine sandy loam SM, ML A-2, A-4 , 0-5 75-100 75-100:70-90 30-60 --- NP
Terry 6-18 Fine sandy loam, SM, ML A-4 0 75-100 75-100:70-85 40-60 I --- NP
sandy loam.
18-37 Fine sandy loam, SM A-2, A-4 : 0-5 75-100 75-100:70-85 25-50 --- NP
sandy loam,
loamy fine
sand .
37 Weathered --- --- I --- --- --- --- --- ---
bedrock.
I
64, 65 0-8 Loam CL-ML A-4 0-5 80-100 75-100:70-95 50-75 20-30 1 5-10
Thedalund
8-25 Clay loam, loam, CL-ML, A-6, A-4 . 0-5 80-100 75-100;70-95 40-80 25-35 5-15
very fine sandy CL,
loam. SM-SC,
SC
25 Weathered ___ ___ --- --- ___ ___ ___ ___ ---
bedrock.
66, 67 0-5 Clay loam CL A-6 0-5 95-100 95-100;80-100;70-80 30-40 10-15
Ulm 5-19 Clay loam, clay CL A-6, A-7: 0-5 75-100 75-100 75-100 60-80 35-45 20-30
19-60 Clay loam CL A-h 0-5 75-100 75-100 75-100 60-80 30-40 15-20
68* 0-60 Variable --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Ustic ,
Torriorthents
69, 70 0-8 Fine sand SM A-2 0 100 100 80-95 : 10-30 --- NP
Valent 8-60 Fine sand , sand SP-SM, SM A-2, A-3 0 100 95-100,75-90 15-20 --- NP
71'. ,
Valent 0-8 Fine sand 3M, A-2 0 100 100 80-95 : 10-30 --- NP
8-60 Fine sand , sand SP-SM, SM A-2, A-3 0 100 95-100 75-90 : 5-20 --- NP
Loup 0-16 Loamy sand 3M A-2 0 100 100 50-100115-30 --- NP
16-60 Fine sand , loamy SP-SM, SM A-2, A-3, 0 100 100 :65-100: 5-20 --- NP
sand , sand .
See Footnote at end of table.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 129
TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
[The symbol < means less than; > means greater then. The erosion tolerance factor (T) is for the entire
profile. Absence of an entry means data were not available or were not estimated)
Risk of corrosion Erosionrdind
Soil name and Depth Permea- Available Soil Salinity Shrink- i factors_ erodi-
map symbol bility water reaction swell Uncoated Concrete T bility
capacity potential steel K ' T group_
In In/hr In/in 211 Mmhos/cm
0-10 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24 6.6-7.8 --- Low Moderate Low 0.24 3 5
Altvan 10-25 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0.28
25-60 >20 0.02-0.04 7.4-9.0 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 10
Aquolls- 0_48 ___ ___ ___ ___48-60 >20 0.04-0.06 7.4-8.4 2-16 Low High Moderate ___
Aquents 0-48 --- --- --- --- -- ---
48-60 >20 0.04-0.06 7.4-8.4 2-16 Low 'High Moderate --_
4':
Aquolls 0-60
Aquepts 0-60
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 0-8 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0. 16 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Low Low 0. 17 5 3
Ascalon 8-18 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate Moderate Lou 0.24
18-60 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0. 15 7.9-8.4 <2 Low ,Moderate Low 0.24
10 0-4 2.0-6.0 0.09-0. 12 7.4-8.4 <2 Low ;Moderate Low 0. 10 R 3
Bankard 4-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.08 7.4-8.4 <2 Low :Moderate Low 0. 10
11 , 12 0-16 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0.13 6.1-7.3 ---' Low ;Low Low 0. 10 2
Bresser 16-25 0.6-2.0 0. 15-0. 18 6.6-7.3 --- Low :Moderate Low 1. 15
25-30 0.6-6.0 0.10-0.13 6.6-7.3 --- Low :Low Low 0. 10
30-60 2.0-20 0.05-0.08 6.6-7.3 --- Low :Low Low 1. 10
13 0-9 2.0-6.0 0.07-0.09: 7.4-8.4 <2 Low :Moderate Lou' 0. '0 3
Cascajo 9-31 6.0-20 0.05-0.081 7.4-8.4 <2 Low ;Moderate Low------- ,0. '0
31-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.06: 7.4-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low------10. 10
14, 15, 16, 17 0-7 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24; 6.6-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low '2, 17 41
Colby 7-60 0.6-2.0 0. 17-0.22: 7.4-8.0 (2 Low Moderate Low : ). '7
18':
Colby-- , 0-7 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24; 6.6-8.4 <2 Low :Moderate Low 1 '7 4L
7-60 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.22 7.4-8.4 <2 Low ;Moderate Low 2. ,7
Adena-- 0-6 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 Low 'Moderate Low '0. 27 ,
6-9 0.06-0.2 0. 16-0. 18 6.6-7.8 <2 High High Low 0.24
9-60 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.32
19, 20-- , 0-14 0.6-2.0 0.14-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0. '12
Colombo 14-21 0.6-2.0 0. 14-0. 16 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low 0.78
21-60 0.6-2.0 0. 14-0.16 7.4-8.4 <2 ,Low High Low
21 , 22 0-12 0.2-0.6 0. 19-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 ;Moderate Moderate Low 0. o1 '
Dacono 12-21 0.2-0.6 0. 15-0.21 7.4-8.4 <2 ;High High Low 0.'4
21-27 0.2-2.0 0.13-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 ;Moderate High Low 0. 15
27-60 >20 0.03-0.05 7.4-8.4 <2 ;Low High Low 0. 10
23, 24 0-7 0.6-2.0 0. 16-0.20 6.6-7.8 <2 ;Low Moderate Low 0.20 8 'y
Fort Collins 7-11 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-7.8 <2 ;Moderate Moderate Low 0.20
11-60 0.6-2.0 0. 16-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 :Low High Low------ 0.20
25, 26 0-4 0.6-2.0 0. 14-0. 18 6.6-8.4 <8 ;Low High Low 0.28 c, )L
Haverson U-60 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.18 , 7.4-8.4 <8 ;Low High Low 0.28
27, 28 0-60 0.06-0.6 0.12-0.17; 7.9-9.0 <8 ;High High High 0.28 r, 4
Heldt
See footnote at end of table.
130 SOIL SURVEY
TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
Risk_of corrosion Erosion;Wind—
Soil name and Depth Permea- Available Soil Salinity; Shrink- -r factors;erodi-
map symbol bility water reaction swell Uncoated Concrete r---:bility
capacity potential steel K T 'group_
In In/hr - In/in all Mmhos/cm r---
29, 30 0-12 2.0-20 0.11-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Low ;Moderate Low 0.24 5 3
Julesburg 12-27 2.0-20 0.11-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Low ;Moderate Low 0.24
27-60 >6.0 0.05-0. 13 6.6-7.8 <2 Low ;Moderate Low 0.20
31 , 32, 33, 34 0-12 0.6-2.0 0.16-0. 18 7.9-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.32 5 4l.
Kim 12-60 0.6-2.0 0.15-0. 17 7.9-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.32
35•:
Loup 0-16 6.0-20 0. 10-0. 14 6.6-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0. 17 5 _
16-60 6.0-20 0.06-0.08 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0. 17
Hod 0-14 6.0-20 0.10-0. 12 6.6-8.4 <2 ;Low High Low 0. 17 5 2
14-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.07 6.6-8.4 <2 ;Low High Low 0. 17
36.:
Midway 0-13 0.06-0.2 0.12-0.17 7.9-9.0 2-8 ;High High Low 0.43 1 4
13 --- --- --- --- ;Shingle----------- 0-6 0.6-2.0 0. 16-0. 18 7.4-9.0 <2 ;Low High Low 0.32 2 44
6-18 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.21 7.9-9.0 <2 ;Moderate High Low 0.49
18 ___ ___ ---
37,
38 0-9 2.0-6.0 0. 13-0. 15 7.9-8.4 <2 ,Low High Low 0.20 2
Nelson 9-30 2.0-6.0 0.11-0.13 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.20
30 --- --- --- --'
39, 40, 41 , 42 0-9 0.2-2.0 0.15-0.20 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate Moderate Low 0,24 5 ,.
Nunn 9-29 0.06-0.6 0.15-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 High High Low 0.28
29-60 0.2-2.0 0. 10-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low 0.24
41 0-9 2.0-6.0 0. 10-0. 14 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 15 5 _•
n 9-29 0.06-0.6 0.15-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 High High Low 0.28
29-60 0.2-2.0 0. 10-0. 18 7.4-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low 0.24
44, 45 0-10 6.0-20 0.06-0.10 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Low Low 0. 17 5
Olney 10-20 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate High Low 0.24
20-25 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0. 15 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0. 4
25-60 2.0-6.0 0.06-0. 13 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.20
46, 47, 48 0-10 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0.15 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Moderate Low 0.20 5
Olney 10-20 0.6-2.0 0. 13-0. 15 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate High Low 0.24
20-25 0.6-6.0 0. 11-0.15 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.24
25-60 2.0-6.0 0.06-0. 13 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.20
49 0-22 6.0-20 0.05-0.08 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low Low 0. 10 9 '
Osgood 22-34 2.0-6.0 0.10-0.13 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low Low 0. 17
34-60 6.0-20 0.06-0.08 6.6-8.4 <2 Low Moderate Low 0. 10
50, 51 , 52, 53 0-12 6.0-20 0.09-0. 13 7.4-8.4 <2 Low ;High Low 0. 10 3 2
Otero 12-60 6.0-20 0.08-0.12 7.4-8.4 <4 Low ;High Low 0. 10
54, 55 0-20 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 6.6-7.3 --- ,Low ;Moderate Low 0.20 5
Paoli 20-25 >6.0 0. 14-0. 17 7.4-7.8 <2 :Low ;High Low 0.20
25-60 >6.0 0. 12-0.14 7.4-8.4 <2 ;Low ;High Low 0.20
56, 57 0-9 0.2-0.6 0.17-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 ;Moderate ;High Low 0. 37 3 6
Renohill 9-32 0.06-0.2 0. 14-0. 16 6.6-8.4 <2 'High ;High Low 0. 32
32 --- --- ---
58, 59 0-6 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-9.0 <2 Low High Low 0. 32 2 '1L
Shingle 6-18 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.21 7.9-9.0 <2 Moderate High Low 0. 49
18 --- _-_ ---
60':
Shingle 0-6 0.6-2.0 0. 16-0. 18 7.4-9.0 <2 Low High Low .0. 32. = 41_
6-18 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.21 7.9-9.0 <2 Moderate High Low 10 19 18 --- --- --- ___
See footnote at end of table.
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 131
TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued
Risk of corrosion Erosion w{nr
Soil name and :Depth Permea- Available Soil Salinity Shrink- factors erodi-
map symbol bility water reaction swell Uncoated 'Concrete --1--- bility
capacitypotential steel K T rgrou�
In In/hr n n Ell Mmhos/em
60':
Renohill- 0-9 0.2-0.6 0.17-0.21 6.6-7.8 <2 Moderate High Low 0.37- 3 6
9-32 0.06-0.2 0.14-0.16 6.6-8.4 <2 High High Low 0.32
32 --- --- --- --- '-- ,
61 ._ 0-11 2.0-6.0 0.16-0.18 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High .Low 0.24 1 1 3
Tassel 11 --- -__ ___ ___ 1
62, 63 0-6 2.0-6.0 0. 13-0. 15 7.0-7.8 <2 Low Moderate ;Low 0.20. 2 3
Terry 6-18 2.0-6.0 0.13-0.15 7.0-7.8 <2 Low Moderate ;Low 0.20
18-37 2.0-6.0 0.13-0. 15 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High ;Low 0.20
37 --- --- ---
64, 65 0-8 0.6-2.0 0.16-0. 18 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.32 2 4L
Thedalund 8-25 0.6-2.0 0. 16-0. 18 7.9-8.4 <2 Low High Low 0.32
25 ___ __- ---
66,
67 0-5 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 6.6-7.8 --- Low High Low 0.32 5 6
Ulm 5-19 0.06-0.2 0. 19-0.21 7.4-8.4 <2 High High Low 0.37
19-60 0.6-2.0 0.19-0.21 7.9-8.4 <2 Moderate High Low .0.37
68' 0-60
Ustic
Torriorthents
69, 70 0-8 6.0-20 0.07-0.12 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low .Low 0.10 5 1
Valent 8-60 6.0-20 0.05-0. 10 6.6-7 .8 <2 Low Low :Low 0. 10
71':
Valent 0-8 6.0-20 0.07-0.12 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low :Low 0.10 5 1
8-60 6.0-20 0.05-0.10 6.6-7.8 <2 Low Low :Low 0. 10
Loup 0-16 6.0-20 0. 10-0. 14 6.6-8.4 <2 Low High ;Low 0. 17 5 2
16-60 6.0-20 0.06-0.08 7.4-8.4 <2 Low High ;Low 0.17
72, 73, 711 0-6 6.0-20 0.09-0. 11 6.6-7.3 --- Low Low :Low 0. 10 5 2
Vona 6-28 2.0-6.0 0. 12-0. 14 6.6-8.4 <4 Low High :Low 0.10
28-60 6.0-20 0.08-0.11 7.4-8.4 <4 Low High :Low 0. 10
75, 76, 77 0-6 2.0-6.0 0. 11-0. 13 6.6-7.3 --- ;Low Low :Low 0. 13 5 I 3
Vona . 6-28 2.0-6.0 0. 12-0. 14 6.6-8.4 <4 :Low High :Low 0. 101
128-60. 6.0-20 0.08-0. 11 7.4-8.4 <4 ;Low High Low 0.1):
78, 79, 80 I 0-8 : 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.21 6.6-7.3 <2 :Low Low Low 0.32. 5 I 6
Weld ; 8-15;0.06-0.2 0. 19-0.21 6.6-7.3 <2 ;High Moderate Low 0.28
: 15-60; 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.21 7.4-8.4 <2 ;Low High Low .0.28
81' 82', 83': uL
Wiley I 0-111 0.6-2.0 0. 19-0.21 7.4-7.8 <2 :Low High Low 0.37 5
11-60; 0.6-2.0 0.19-0.21 7.9-8.4 <2 ;Moderate High Low 0.37
Colby 0-7 : 0.6-2.0 0.20-0.24 6.6-8.4 <2 :Low Moderate Low 0.37 5 4L
7-60 : 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.22 7.4-8.4 <2 ;Low Moderate Low 0.37
' See map unit description for the composition and behavior of the map unit.
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EEC
EARTH ENGINEERING
CONSULTANTS, INC.
August 28, 1999
Mr. Bob Parsons
2330 Albany Avenue
Loveland, Colorado 80538
Re: Geologic Hazards Evaluation
Part of the S''/z, Section 8, T7N, R67W
Weld County, Colorado
EEC Project No. 1992096
IVIr. Parsons:
Earth Engineering Consultants, Inc. (EEC) personnel have completed the geologic hazards
evaluation you requested for the referenced project. That evaluation was completed by reviewing
readily available data concerning soil and groundwater conditions at the site, principally through
review of United States Geologic Society (USGS)/Colorado Geologic Society (CGS) and
Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS)published information. A listing of the
references reviewed as a part of the geologic hazard study is included with this report.
The property evaluated is located to the east of Weld County Road 15 and north of Colorado
Highway 14 in Weld County, Colorado. The proposed development is located in the S'/z of Section
8, T7N, R67W of the 6'h P.M. in Weld County, Colorado. A diagram indicating the approximate
location of that development is attached.
'the attached location diagram includes demarcation of those soil groupings identified on the site by
SCS Larimer County soil maps. SCS descriptions of those soil types are provided with this report.
In general, the near surface soils at this site appear to be a blend of low plasticity sandy clay loam
and silty sand soils.
CENTRE FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
2301 RESEARCH BOULEVARD, SUITE 104 l/y
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 60526 AX
(970) 224- 1522 (FAX) 224-4564
Earth Engineering Consultants,Inc.
EEC Project No. 1992096
August 28, 1999
Page 2
The SCS information indicates high groundwater should be expected in the far west tip of the site
in the Aquolls soil group. Geologic maps of the area and SCS information indicate this property is
probably not in an area of localized flooding.
According to the geologic maps of the area, it appears that the bedrock underlying the site soils is
the upper transition member of the Pierre Shale. That member consists of interbedded sandstone and
claystone. According to SCS data, depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches except in the
Thedalund soil group where the depth to bedrock may be in the range of 20 to 40 inches. Borings
completed to depths of 15 feet below site grades on the site did not encounter the bedrock series.
Based on our review of the site as outlined above, we expect the near surface soils could be used for
support of lightly loaded residential structures. More heavily loaded structures may require deep
foundations although bedrock would be anticipated to be relatively shallow at this site. The near
surface soils appear to exhibit a low to moderate potential for volume change with variation in
moisture content. Based on our past experience, we anticipate that the on-site soils series will
exhibit percolation rates to support conventional septic absorption systems. Due to wetness and
seasonal high groundwater, the Aquolls series may not be suitable to support conventional septic
absorption systems; however, this grouping covers a very small portion of the site.
During our review of available site data, we did not identify other potential geologic hazards as
outlined in H.B. 1041. In addition,we do not anticipate economically recoverable mineral resources
as defined in H.B. 1041 exist at this site.
The evaluation for this report was based on a review of readily available public information for the
property. The soils indicated may or may not exist at the site and an intrusive geotechnical
exploration should be completed to evaluate actual site conditions prior to design of the proposed
improvements.
Earth Engineering Consultants,Inc.
EEC Project No. 1992096
August 28, 1999
Page 3
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project. If you have any questions or
require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Very truly yours,
Earth Engineering Consultants, Inc.
flnmanaou
p0 RE67%
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Lester 4a#.
E
:Principal Engineer
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1
COLORADO STATE HIGHWAY 14 ---
BORING LOCATION DIAGRAM
PARSONS DEVELOPMENT - WELD COUNTY, COLORADO
PROJECT NO: 1992096 DATE: JULY 1999
EARTH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
3—Aquoils and Aquents, gravelly substratum. This These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical Commonly the
of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls, soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy
which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex-
60 percent of the unit. Aquents, which have a lighter tends to a depth of 60 inches or more.In places they have
colored surface layer,make up about 35 percent, About 5 a gleyed layer in the underlying material
percent is Aquepta and Bankard sandy loam. Most of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff.The
These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in water table is at or near the surface in spring and during
recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the the peak of the irrigation season
soils have a mottled, mildly alkali a to moderately al- These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat_
kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying Some small areas are irrigated pasum:
material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel The potential native vegetation is dominated by
within 48 inches.In places they have a guyed layer in the switchgrass, prairie co dgraes, anagram, alkali sacaton.
underlying material big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrase, slender
Most of the acreage is subject to flooding The water wheatgraes, sedge, and rush rattails and bofruah grow
table is at or near the surface early in spring and recedes in the swampy spots associated with these range sites..
to as deep as 48 inches late in S0 in some years. Potential production ranges from 4,000.pounds per ace in
These soils are used for rangeland sad wildlife habitat favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As
Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses
and leveling and are used for irrigated crops decease,production drops,and saltgrnm,sedge,and nmh.
The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali increase.The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has
sacatao, switchgran, and western wheatgr^s^ Saltgrass, increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage.
sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent Management of vegetation on this soil should he based
Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in an taking half and leaving half of the total annual module-
favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years As tion. Switchgnes, big bluestem, indiangrass, western
range condition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkali wbeatgress, pubescent wheatgraea, intermediate wheat,
sacaton, and western wheatgram decease and saltgraes, grass, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for
sedge,and rash increase. seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal
Management of vegetation should be based on taking requirements of livestock For successful.seeding, a firm
half and leaving half of the total annual production.Seed- prepared seedbed is needed.A grass drill should be used
ing is difficult and costly because numerous i'0age hear- Seeding early in spring has proven most suceeefuL TA
tines are required to eliminate the saltgrass rod- lege is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation.
Switchg ass, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, tag Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit
whestgnae,and tall fescue are suitable for seeding.They The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover
can be seeded into a dean, firm seedbed. Seedbed as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
preparation usually requires more than 1 year to where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec-
eliminate the saltgeass sod. A.graze drill should be used. tive cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
Seeding early in spring has proven most sacmmfuL openiand wildlife.
Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit. Openland wildlife, especially pheasant,use this unit for
The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover, cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some
as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland, areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected
where wildlife obtain much of their food and find protec- from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and
live cover, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and overuse by livestock_ They should not be drained. Cape-
openland wildlife. bility subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range site,
Openland wildfffa especially pheasant,use this unit for Attempts in Wet Meadow range site.
cover and nesting. Deer find excellent cover in some
areas.
These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from
fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by
livestock.They should not be drained.
These soils have good potential as a somas of sand and
gravel.Capability subclass VIw;Salt Meadow range site.
4—Aguelia and Aeepd, Heeded. This nearly level
map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the
bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey
area. Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer,
make up about 55 percent of the unit. Agnepta, which
have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 25
percent About 20 percent is soils that are well drained
and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of
the surface.
USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERIES
SOIL GROUP DESCRIPTION
AQUOLLS SERIES
(WELD COUNTY - SERIES 3, 4)
EARTH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
•
Kim series
The Kim series consists of deep, well drained soils that
formed in mixed eolian deposits and parent sediment
from a wide variety of bedrock. Kim soils are on plains
and alluvial fans. Slopes are 0 to 9 percent.
Kim soils are similar to the Colby, Otero, Shingle, and
Thedalund soils and are near the Fort Collins and Olney
soils. Colby soils are more silty in all horizons.Otero soils
are less than 18 percent clay in the C horizon. Shingle and
Thedalund soils have shale between 10 and 40 inches.
Fort Collins and Olney soils have a B horizon.
Typical pedon of Kim loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 270
feet south and 366 feet west of northeast corner sec. 15,
T.6 N., R.66 W.
Ap—O to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark Minim (10YR 4B)
moist;weak fine grant structure;slightly hail,very friable; cal-
careous;moderately alkaline dear smooth bamdary.
Al2-7 to 12 inchee; pale brown (10YR 6/3)loam, brawn (10Th 5/3)
moist;weak fine granular structure;slightly bard,very friable; cal-
careous;moderately alkaline;dear smooth boundary.
C1-12 to 18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) lam, brown (10YR 5/3)
moist; weak eon subangt blocky structure; hard,friable; cal-
aaeoue;moderately alkaline;clear smooth boundary.
C2-18 to 40 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3)
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; calcareous; moderately al-
kaline;dear smooth bamdary.
O3-40 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, brown
(10YR 5/3)moist;massive;soft,very friable;calcareown moderately
alkaline
Typically these soils have free carbonates at the surface content of
coarse fragments ranges to as much as 10 percent.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y,valued 5 or 6 dry and 4 or
moist, and chrome of 2 to 4. The control section is loam or light day
loam that is 12 to 30 percent clay.
USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERIES
SOIL GROUP DESCRIPTION
KIM SERIES
(WELD COUNTY - SERIES 31 , 32, 33, 34)
EARTH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
Olney series
The Obey series consists of deep, well drained soils
that formed in alluvium. Olney soils are on plains. Slopes
are 0 to 5 percent
Obey soils are similar to the Fort Collins and Vona
soils and are near the Kim, Nelson, Otero, and Thedalund
soils. Fort Collins soils are less than 35 percent fine and
coarser sand in the B horizon. Vona soils are less than 18
percent clay in the B horizon. Nelson and Thedalund soils
have sandstone and shale between 20 and 40 inches.
Typical pedon of Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent
slopes, 1,320 feet north and 284 feet east of southwest
corner sec.28, T.6 N.,R. 66 W.
Ap-0 to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, dark
grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure;
slightly bard, very friable; nonoL9reous; mildly alkaline; abrupt
smooth boundary.
B2t-10 to 20 inches;yellowish brown(10YR 5/4)sandy day loam,dark
yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic
structure pasting to moderate fine suhengular blocky;hand,friable;
common moderately thick clay films on faces of peels;nonak reone;
mildly alkaline;dear wavy boundary.
B8ca-20 to 25 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy shy loam,
brown (10YR 5/3) mash moderate coarse prismatic strm4ue;
slightly hard, vary friable; some simile lime ocnnmg in fine to
medium seams and soft masses; calcareous; moderately alkaline;
Kuehn'smooth bermdary.
Ca-25 to 60 inches;very pale brown(10YR 7/3)fine sandy loam,pale
brown(10YR 613)moist weak coarse eobangular blocky structure;
slightly bard, very friable; some visible lime in fine to medium
threads and seams;calcareous moderately alka0ee
Thickness of the soh=ranges from 17 to 30 inches.Coarse fragments
make up as much as 15 percent of the sohm. Depth to free carbonates
ranges from 10 to 2A inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 25Y,value of 5 are dry and 3 to 5
moist, and chrome of 2 or 3.It is fine sandy loam or loamy sand.The
B2t horizon is commonly sandy clay loam,but day content ranges from
18 to 30 percent.
USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERIES
SOIL GROUP DESCRIPTION
OLNEY SERIES
(WELD COUNTY - SERIES 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
EARTH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
Thedalund series
The Thedalund series consists of moderately deep, well
drained soils that formed in residuum from soft eaIrare-
ous shale. Thedalund soils are on plains. Slopes are 1 to 9
percent.
Thedalund soils are similar to Kim, Nelson, Otero, Shin-
gle, and Tassel soils and are near the Olney and Terry
soils. Kim, Otero, and Olney soils are deep. Nelson and
Tassel soils are less than 18 percent day in the C horizon-
Terry soils have a B2t horizon that is less than 18 percent
clay. Shingle soils have shale between 10 and 20 inches.
Typical pedon of Thedalund loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes,
2,050 feet north and 1,800 feet east of southwest corner
sec.29,T.7 N.,R.65 W.
Ap-0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brawn (10Th 4/3)
moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; 5
percent shale chips; calcareous;moderately alkaline;abrupt smooth
boundary.
CLca-8 to 12 Menem pale brown (10YR 660 loam, brown (10YR 513)
moist; weak fine granular S slightly herd friable; some
visible lime in medium soft maeeee;calcareous;moderately aniline;
clear smooth boundary.
C2ca-12 to 26 inches;very pale brown(10YR 7/4)loam stratified with
thin lenses of shale,light yellowish brown(10YR 614)moist; mas-
sive; slightly hard, friable; some visible lime amusing in medium
soft masses;calcareous;moderately alkaline;abrupt smooth bou ds-
ry-
C3r--25 inches;soft calcareous stale.
Tpically these souls have free carbonates at the surface. Depth to
shale ranges tram 20 to 40 inches. Content of rock fragments ranges
from 0 to 15 pemnt.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 25Y,value of 5 or 6 dry and 4 or 5
moist,and chmma of 2 or 3.The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 25Y.It
is loam or clay loam that is 18 to 35 percent clay.
USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERIES
SOIL GROUP DESCRIPTION
THEDALUND SERIES
(WELD COUNTY - SERIES 64, 65)
EARTH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
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