HomeMy WebLinkAbout961640.tiff ne., Natural Resources
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Conservation Service
Janis L. Johnson
District Manager
3393^Jsisco. Rd. Box D (303) 776-4031
r.. .:' FAX 684-939:1
soil survey of
Weld County, Colorado
Southern Port
United States Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
in cooperation with
Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
961640
EXHIBIT
961640
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This gra 'r Cny the
ec S '_3sa*.anal
photograc�y oy the'- S :=_carmen•
2 miles of AgnculG`e. Soo Co^s=_•.a-nn Se''
i i ana coope•a'-g age,:eo :1 CC: 'cc'2,c •css cased on state
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 25
can be '11ed into a firm prepared seedbe Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is
drilling the contour minimize runoff d soil losses. moderate. The water table is usually about 24 to 36 inches
'eeding e ly in spring has proven most ccessful. below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
Windbrea s and environmental plant' gs are generally hazard is low.
well suited t this soil. Cultivation to control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland.
vegetation sh uld be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops
possible followi planting. Trees th are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by
have good survi I are Rocky Mo tam juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the salts accumulation.
redcedar, pondero pine, Siberia elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and
hackberry. The sh bs best suit are skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops.
lilac, Siberian peash b, and A rican plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of
Wildlife is an impo nt sec ndary use of this soil. The forage produced.
cropland areas provide avo ble habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is
pheasant and mourning ov . Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass,
__ be attracted by establishi areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem,
cover. For pheasants, un urbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass, slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt-
tial and should be incl ed plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produc-
ment, especially in ar s of i ensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years
land wildlife, for exa ple, the onghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
attracted by deve ping lives ck watering facilities, deteriorates, the switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass,
managing livestock azing, and r eeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt-
This soil has g d potential for ban and recreational grass, blue grama, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in-
development. In reased population owth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
area has result d in increased homesi construction. The range condition becomes poorer.
chief limiting oil feature for urban dev lopment and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based
construction s the limited capacity of th soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
a load. Sep c tank absorption fields functi properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
communit sewage systems should be p vided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western
populati density increases. Because of the ermeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter-
-- - the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants
,awn , shrubs, and trees grow well. Capabilit subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
IVe 'gated, VIe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains ra ge site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared
This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass IVw irrigated, VIw nonirriated;
to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site.
sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—M1 way-Shingle complex, 5 to 0 percent slopes.
about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This mode tely sloping to strongly sl ping map unit is on
slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills d ridges at elevations f 5,050 to 5,250 feet.
of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway s 'I makes up about percent of the unit,
and Valent sand. and the Shingle oil about 35 per nt. About 15 percent is
The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loa and Tassel f e sandy loam. The Mid-
sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs fro the Shin e soil in having more than
grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the nderl g material.
The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is s llo and well drained. It formed
brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcar s shale. Typically the surface
depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brow lay about 7 inches thick. The
loam underlying material is gh brownish gray clay about 6
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick. Depth to alcare us clayey shale is about 13
moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is s w. Availab water capacity is low.
Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective root' g depth is 10 t 20 inches. Surface ru-
The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and he erosion hazard moderate to high.
formed in stratified sandy alluvium. Typically the surface The Shingle oil also is shallow an well drained and
-- layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in res' uum from calcareous s le. Typically the
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish brown loam abo 6 inches thick.
brown and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underl ing material is light yellowi brown clay
nd. loam abo 12 inches thick. Depth to calca ous clayey
961640
46 SOIL SURVEY
Pe ability is rapid. Available water c. acity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
modera . A water table is at or near the urface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring a about 36 inches below the surface n fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runo is slow, and the erosion hazard is w. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This uni is used for rangeland and wildlif habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential tive vegetation on the V lent soil is hazard is low.
dominated b sand reedgrass, sand blue tern, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn-
hairy grama little bluestem, needl ndthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats gram . Potential production r ges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
pounds per acr in favorable years to 400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. s range condition de eriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
bluestem, sand eedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestem decreas sandhill muhly d blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
crease, and forage roduction drop . "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
range condition bec es poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
The native vegeta 'on on the L up soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little blu stem, san reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
wheatgrass. Indiangra- , sand b estem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
slender wheatgrass, al Ii sac ton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. oten al production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in av rable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As r ge condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.
switchgrass, sand blueste indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum bl-
and prairie cordgrass dec a e, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
sand dropseed, sedge, nd sh increase. Undesirable Ten-acing also may be needed to control water erosion.
weeds and annuals inv de t e site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an int rseeder i advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
in poor condition. Sa d reedgras sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
- grama, switchgrass, ittle blueste , indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
grama are suitabl for seeding. eding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
has proven most uccessful. Grazi should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
prevent range de erioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Wildlife is an mportant secondary se of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent s , rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn a elope, can be attract by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
livestock wa ring facilities, managing 'vestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
and reseedi where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
The Lou soil, which is typically wet a d produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundanc of wetland vegetation, attract wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife spe es, such as mallard, teal, geese, a miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
ous sho birds. Primary management of this oil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It
land w' dlife includes managing livestock gra g, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a
to con rol livestock, protecting from fire, and reventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven
drain ge. Natural wetland vegetation should allowed most successful.
to d velop. Capability subclass Vie irrigated, e nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
rig ed; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow ra e site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
L p soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
_ high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
961640
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
+inl and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
;nt, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
— hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
- 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
_ formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
_. inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
and is low.
in lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
ibis soil is suited to limited cropping.g' Intensive the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
cropping system should he limited to such close grown Y4_Vona loa sand, 5 to 9 percen slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat xcessively drained soil on plains at
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in apping are s all areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substrat and are s of soils that are non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth o 0 inche
used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface I er i grayish brown. The upper
— spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand a d he lower 4 inches is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil i brown and light yellowish
taro good production. brown fine sandy loam a o 12 inches thick. The sub-
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 ' the is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is mo erately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. he effec 've rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surf ce runoff is edium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential tive vegetation o this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by nd bluestem, sand edgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needl ndthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also pro inent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production nges from 2,200 pounds per cre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years 1,800 pounds in unfavorable y rs. As range
nn taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- conditio deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sa reedgrass,
lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and sw' chgrass decrease and blue grama, san dropseed,
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and s d sage increase. Annual weeds and gras, s invade
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the to as range condition becomes poorer.
961640
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 67
a sand a d gravel C horizon between 0 and 40 inches. Boel series
Nunn soi are more than 35 perce t clay in the B The Boel series consists of deep, somewhat poorly
arizon. 0 ey and Vona soils have a ht colored surface drained soils that formed in stratified sandy alluvium.
layer. Boel soils are mainly along Lost Creek in the sandhill
Typical p don of Ascalon sandy I am, 5 to 9 percent area. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent.
slopes, 900 et south and 1,800 fe t west of northeast Boel soils are near the Loup and Valent soils. Loup
_ corner sec. 3 T. 1 N., R. 61 W. soils are poorly drained and are mottled at the surface.
Ap-0 to 8 inche • brown (10YR 5/3) san y loam, dark brown (10YR Valent soils are excessively drained and have a light
3/3)moist; we fine granular struct ; slightly hard, very friable; colored surface layer.
neutral; abrupt mooth boundary. Typical pedon of Boel loamy sand in an area of Loup-
B21t-8 to 14 inche yellowish brown (1 R 5/4) sandy clay loam,dark Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 100 feet north
brown (10YR 4 3) moist; moderat medium prismatic structure and 500 feet west of the southeast corner sec. 35, T. 3 N.,
parting to stron medium suban ar blocky; hard, firm; common R. 63 W.
thin clay films on ees of peds;ne ral;clear smooth boundary.
B22t-14 to 18 inches; ale brown (1 R 6/3) sandy clay loam, brown AI-0 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, very dark
(10YR 4/3) moist; oderate med. m prismatic structure parting to grayish brown(10YR 3/2) moist;weak fine granular structure;soft,
moderate medium s gular bl ky;hard,firm; few thin clay films loose;calcareous;moderately alkaline;gradual smooth boundary.
on faces of peds;neu ;gradu smooth boundary. C1-.-14 to 31 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand stratified with
— B3ca-18 to 22 inches; v ry pale rown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, thin lenses of sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; few fine faint
light yellowish brown(10YR 6/4)moist and yellowish brown(10YR
brown (10YR 5/3) moi t; we medium prismatic structure parting
5/6)moist mottles;massive;soft, very friable;calcareous; moderate-
to weak medium suban lar lucky; hard, firm; very few thin clay ly alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary.
films on faces of some d some visible lime in fine seams and C2-31 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loamy sand stratified
threads;calcareous;mod a ly alkaline;gradual wavy boundary. with thin lenses of sandy loam and sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3)
Cca-22 to 60 inches; very e brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, moist; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist,
brown (IOYR 5/3) moist; assive; slightly hard, very friable; some brownish yellow (IOYR 6/6) moist, and gray(IOYR 5/1) moist mot-
visible lime in fine seam d threads; calcareous; moderately al- ties; massive; soft,very friable;calcareous;moderately alkaline.
kaline. Typically these soils have free carbonates at the surface. The A
Thickness of the solum ges m 15 to 39 inches.Coarse fragments horizon has value of 4 or 5 dry and 2 or 3 moist and chroma of I or 2.
make up less than 10 pe nt of he solum. Depth to free carbonates The C horizon has value of 6 or 7 dry and 5 or 6 moist and chroma of 2
ranges from 10 to 25 inche . or 3. It is loamy sand or sand.
The A horizon has valu of 4 or dry and 2 or 3 moist and chroma of
2 or 3. It is sandy loam o loam.The 2t horizon is commonly sandy clay Bresser eries
loam that is 20 to 35 per nt clay.
The Bress series consists of eep, well drained soils
Bankard serie that formed i alluvium. Bress soils are on terraces.
Slopes are 0 to 3 ercent.
The Bankard s ries consists o deep, well drained to ex- Bresser soils ar similar to scalon and Julesburg soils
cessively draine soils that form in stratified sandy al- and are near the O ey, Ot o, and Vona soils. Ascalon
luvium. Bankar soils are on botto lands. Slopes are 0 to soils have free carbon es.i some horizons above a depth
3 percent. of 40 inches. Julesburg s are less than 18 percent clay
Bankard soi are similar to the averson soils and are in the B horizon. Olney, ro, and Vona soils have a light
colored surface layer.
near the Aq lls and Aquents. Ha erson soils are finer Typical pedon of B esser ndy loam, 0 to 1 percent
textured in the C horizon. Aquol and Aquents are slopes, 120 feet nort and 1,320 eet east of the southwest
poorly drain d. corner sec. 27, T. 4 ., R. 66 W.
Typical don of Bankard sandy to m, 0 to 3 percent
slopes, 550 eet north and 2,300 feet we t of the southeast Ap—n to tt inches; yish brown (10YR ) sandy loam, very dark
grayish brown OYR 3/2) moist; weak me granular structure;
corner sec 30, T. 5 N., R. 65 W. hard,very fria e; neutral; abrupt smooth bo dary.
B1-11 to 16 inch ; brown(10YR 5/3) sandy lo dark grayish brown
AI-0 to 4 ches;brown(10YR 5/3)sandy loam,d k brown(10YR 4/3) (IOYR 4/2) oist; weak coarse prismatic struct e; hard, very fria-
moist; eak fine granular structure; soft, ve friable; calcareous; ble;few t ' clay films on some faces of peds; ne ;clear smooth
mode tely alkaline;gradual,wavy boundary. boundary.
_. C-4 to inches; pale brown (I0YR 6/3) sand strat red with thin len- B2t-16 to inches;yellowish brown(10YR 5/4) sandy c loam,dark
ses f loam, sandy loam, and fine gravel, brown 10YR 5/3) moist; brown OYR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic st ture part-
sin e grained;loose;calcareous; moderately alkali ing to eak medium subangular blocky; very hard,friabl few thin
clay Ims on faces of peds; neutral;clear smooth boundary.
TAD' ally these soils have free carbonates at the surf e.Coarse frog- B3-25 o 30 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, dark rown
meat. make up 0 to 10 percent of the soil. (1 R 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky struc
Th A horizon has value of 5 or 6 dry and to 5 moist a chroma of 2 v ry hard,friable;neutral; clear smooth boundary.
or 3 . It is sandy loam or loamy sand. The C horizon is c monly sand C—' 1 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, brown (IOY
r I amy sand. 5/3)moist; massive;soft,loose; neutral.
961640
L
I
70 SOIL SURVEY
Jules urg series C3-40 to 60 inches; pal rown ( YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, brown
(10YR 5/3)moist; massiv • sof very friable;calcareous;moderately
The lesburg series consists of deep, well dra ed soils alkaline.
that fo ed in alluvium. Julesburg soils are o terraces. Typically these soils have ee c nates at the surface. content of
Slopes a 0 to 3 percent. coarse fragments ranges to much as rcent.
Julesbu g soils are similar to the Bresser s is and are The A horizon has hue 10YR or 2.5Y, ue of 5 or 6 dry and 4 or 5
near the lney, Otero, and Vona soils. Bres r soils are 18 to moist, and chroma of to 4. The control s 'on is loam or light clay
loam that is 18 to 30 rcent clay.
more than 8 percent clay in the B horizon. lney, Otero,
and Vona s ']s have a light colored surface 1 er. Loup series
Typical p on of Julesburg sandy loam, to 3 percent
slopes, 125 et south and 700 feet wes of northeast The Loup series consists of deep, poorly drained soils
corner sec. 25 T. 4 N., R. 66 W. that formed in sandy alluvium. Loup soils are mostly
Ap—0 to 12 inch ; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy 1 very dark grayish along Lost Creek in the sandhill area. Slopes are 0 to 3
brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine gran structure; slightly percent.
hard,very fria e;neutral;abrupt smooth bo dary. Loup soils are near the Boel and Valent soils. Boel soils
B2t-12 to 23 inche brown (10YR 5/3) sandy I dark brown(10YR are stratified and somewhat poorly drained. Valent soils
4/3)moist; weak oarse prismatic structure; xtremely hard,friable; are excessively drained and have a light colored surface
few thin clay fil on faces of peds; none eous; mildly alkaline;
clear smooth boon ary. layer.
B3-23 to 27 inches; e brown (10YR 6/3) dy loam, dark brown Typical profile of Loup loamy sand in an area of Loup-
(lOYR 4/3) moist; eak coarse suban blocky structure; very Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 850 feet west and
hard, very friable; 'ented clay occurs bridges between and as 650 feet south of northeast corner sec. 31, T. 3 N., R. 62
coatings on some san grains;neutral;cl ar smooth boundary. W
C1-27 to 38 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/ loamy sand, brown (10YR
5/3) moist; massive; ft, very fria e; neutral; gradual smooth O1-2 inches to 0; undecomposed organic material, chiefly grasses,
boundary. sedges,and roots.
C2-38 to 60 inches; pale rown (10YR 6/3) sand, brown (I0YR 5/3) Al-0 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand
moist;single grained; I ;neutral. with few fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and dark gray (N
4/0) mottles, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure;
Thickness of the solum ran s from to 38 inches. Coarse fragments
soft,very friable;calcareous; moderately alkaline;diffuse boundary.
make up 0 to 10 percent of th solum. epth to free carbonates is more
C1-16 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand with
Chan 50 inches.
few fine distinct yellowish brown
The A horizon has value of 4 r 5 and 2 or 3 moist and chroma of ular 4/4)mottles,grayish brown
2 or 3.The B2t horizon is comm y andy loam that is 10 to 18 percent (10YR 5/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable;
clay.The C horizon is sand or lo y sand. calcareous; moderately alkaline;gradual wavy boundary.
C2-40 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam with
common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and gray
Kim series (10YR 5/1) mottles,grayish brown(10YR 5/2)moist; massive; hard,
friable;calcareous;moderately alkaline.
The Kim series consists of eep, well drained soils that
Typically these soils have free carbonates at the surface. The A
formed in mixed eolian dep sits and parent sediment horizon has value of 3 or 4 dry and 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 1 or 2.
from a wide variety of edro . Kim soils are on plains The C horizon,to a depth of 40 inches or more,is loamy sand or sand.
and alluvial fans. Slopes re 0 t 9 percent.
Kim soils are similar to the olby, Otero, Shingle, and Midway series
Thedalund soils and a near th Fort Collins and Olney
soils. Colby soils are ore silty in all horizons. Otero soils The Midway seri consist of shallow, well drained
are leas than 18 perc t clay in th C horizon. Shingle and soils that formed in re iduu rom calcareous shale. Mid-
Thedalund soils ha shale betw n 10 and 40 inches. way soils are on uplan hil and ridges. Slopes are 5 to
Fort Collins and O1 y soils have a horizon. 20 percent.
Typical pedon o Kim loam, 1 to percent slopes, 270 Midway soils are simi to the Shingle, Tassel, and
feet south and 36 feet west of no east corner sec. 15, Thedalund soils and are nea the Renohill and Ulm soils.
- T. 6 N., R. 66 W. Shingle and Tassel so' are s than 35 percent clay in
the C horizon. The alund so are moderately deep.
Ap—0 to 7 inches; rown (10YR 5/3) loam, k brown (10YR 4/3) Renohill and Ulm s ' s have a B rizon.
moist; weak fin granular structure; slightly ard, very friable; cal- Typical profile Midway clay an area of Midway-
careous;mode tely alkaline;clear smooth bo dary.
Al2-7 to 12 in s; pale brown (10YR 6/3) 1 brown (10YR 5/3) Shingle complex, to 20 percent s pes, 350 feet south
moist; weak e granular structure; slightly h , very friable; cal- and 350 feet ea of northwest come sec. 32, T. 1 N., R.
careous;m rately alkaline;clear smooth boon ary. 68 W.
CI-12 to 18 i hes; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3)
moist; we coarse subangular blocky structure, hard, friable; cal- Ap—0 to 7 ine s; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) ela olive brown (2.5Y
careous; m erately alkaline;clear smooth bound 4/4) moist weak medium granular structure; e mely hard, very
C2-18 to 40 nches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, b wn (10YR 5/3) firm;cal eous;moderately alkaline;clear smooth undary.
moist; sive; slightly hard, friable; calcareous, moderately al- C1-7 to 1 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) cla dark grayish
kaline;c ar smooth boundary. bro 2.5Y 4/2)moist;massive;extremely hard,extre ely firm;30
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74 SOIL SURVEY
Thedalu d series Clca-19 to 34 i ches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) el , pale brown
(10YR 6/3) m ist; weak coarse subangular block structure; ex-
The Thed' and series consists of model- ely deep, well tremely hard, ry firm; some visible lime occuri in medium soft
drained soils that formed in residuum fr soft calcare- masses;calcareo s;moderately alkaline;gradual oath boundary.
C2ca-34 to 60 inch -; very pale brown (10YR /3) clay loam, pale
ous shale. Th alund soils are on plains. opes are 1 to 9 brown (10YR 6/3) oist; weak coarse suban ar blocky structure;
percent. very hard, firm; so visible lime occuring - medium soft masses;
Thedalund s 'Is are similar to Kim, Ne on, Otero, Shin- calcareous; moderate alkaline.
gle, and Tassel soils and are near the lney and Terry
soils. Kim, Oter and Olney soils are eep. Nelson and Thickness of the salon ges from 15 to 6 inches. Rock fragments
make up 0 to 5 percent of th solum.
Tassel soils are I s than 18 percent el in the C horizon. The A horizon has hue of 1 R or 2SY, aloe of 5 or 6 dry and 4 or 5
Terry soils have a B2t horizon that is 1 ss than 18 percent moist,and chroma of 2 or 3.Th B2t ho ' n is commonly clay that is 40
clay. Shingle soils ave shale between 0 and 20 inches. to 50 percent clay.
Typical pedon of hedalund loam, to 9 percent slopes,
2,050 feet north an 1,800 feet east of southwest corner Valent series
sec. 29, T. 7 N., R. 6 W.
The Valent series consis deep, excessively drained
Ap—O to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loa , dark brown (10YR 4/3) soils that formed in eoli de osits. Valent soils are on
moist; moderate fine nular struct ; slightly hard, friable; 5
percent shale chips; cal eons; mode tely alkaline; abrupt smooth plains. Slopes are 0 to 9 ercent.
boundary. Valent soils are near he Loup, oel, Osgood, and Vona
Clca-8 to 12 inches; pale b wn (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) soils. Loup and Boel ils are poo drained. Osgood and
moist; weak fine granula struet , slightly hard, friable; some Vona soils have a B orizon.
visible lime in medium soft s; alcareous; moderately alkaline; Typical pedon o Valent sand, 0 o 3 percent slopes,
clear smooth boundary.
C2ca-12 to 25 inches; very pale rown (10YR 7/4)loam stratified with 2,220 feet north d 132 feet west southeast corner
thin lenses of shale, light ye owis brown (10YR 6/4) moist; ems- sec. 8, T. 4 N., R 2 W.
sive; slightly hard, friable; e 'sible lime occuring in medium
soft masses;calcareous; mode alkaline;abrupt smooth bounda- Al-0 to 8 inches- brown (10YR 5/3) sand, dark yish brown (10YR
ry. 4/2)moist;si gle grained;loose;neutral;clear s oath boundary.
Car-25 inches;soft calcareous shale. Cl—S to 60 inc es; brown (IOYR 5/3) sand, dark gr .sh brown (10YR
4/2)moist-single grained; loose;neutral.
Typically these soils have free nates at the surface. Depth to
shale ranges from 20 to 40 inehe C ntent of rock fragments ranges Coarse f ents make up 0 to 10 percent of the olum and are
from 0 to 15 percent. mainly tered gravel. Depth to free carbonates is ore than 40
The A horizon has hue of 10YR r 2.5 ,value of 5 or 6 dry and 4 or 5 inches.
moist,and chrome of 2 or 3.The ho ' n has hue of 10YR or 23Y. It The horizon has hue of 10YR and 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 y and 3 to
is loam or clay loam that is 18 to perce t clay. 5 mois,and ehroma of 2 or 3.
Ulm series Vona series
The Ulm series consis s of deep, ell drained soils that The Vona series consists of deep, well drained to
formed in calcareous a uvial and e ian sediments from somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in eolian
shale. Ulm soils are on lains. Slopes e 0 to 5 percent. or alluvial deposits. Vona soils are on plains and high ter-
Ulm soils are simila to the Fort C llins, Renohill, and races. Slopes are 0 to 9 percent.
Wiley soils and are n ar the Heldt an Nunn soils. Fort Vona soils are similar to the Olney and Terry soils and
Collins and Wiley so' s are less than percent clay in are near the Ascalon, Bresser, Julesburg, Osgood, Otero,
the B2t horizon. Ren hill soils have shal between 20 and and Valent soils. Olney, Ascalon, and Bresser soils are
40 inches. Heldt soil lack a B2t horizon. unn soils have more than 18 percent clay in the B2t horizon. Terry soils
a dark colored surf e layer. have sandstone between 20 and 40 inches. Julesburg soils
Typical pedon of Ulm clay loam, 0 to 3 ercent slopes, have a dark colored surface layer. Osgood soils have an A
1,370 feet north a d 240 feet west of so theast corner
sec. 33, T. 1 N., R. 8 W. horizon that is coarser than loamy fine sand and is more
than 20 inches thick. Otero and Valent soils lack a B
Ap-0 to 5 inches; wn (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark grayish brown horizon.
(SOYA 4/2) mois ; moderate fine granular structure slightly hard, Typical pedon of Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent
firm;calcareous-mildly alkaline;abrupt smooth boun
B2t-5 to 13 inches brown (10YR 5/3) clay, dark grayish rown (10YR slopes, 180 feet north and 1,400 feet east of southwest
4/2) moist; w ak coarse angular blocky structure parting to corner sec. 25, T. 5 N., R. 61 W.
moderate me angular blocky; extremely hard, ext mely firm;
common mod tely thick clay films on faces of peds; careous; A1-0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand,dark grayish
mildly alkalin ;clear smooth boundary. brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very
R3ea-13 to 19 i ches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown ( YR 5/3) friable;neutral;clear smooth boundary.
moist; wea coarse angular blocky structure; extremely ard, ex- A3-6 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, dark
tremely f ; few thin clay films on faces of some peds; s e visi- grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky
ble lime i fine seams; calcareous; moderately alkaline; dual structure; slightly hard, very friable; neutral; clear smooth bounda-
smooth bo dary. ry.
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WELD , , SOUTHERN PART 75
B21t-12 to 16 inches; brown(10YR 5/3)fine sandy loamCOUNTY, brown(l0YR COLORADOWiley eries
4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to
moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; few thin clay The ley series consists of deep, ell drained soils
films on faces of peds;neutral;clear smooth boundary. that form d in calcareous eolian deposi s. Wiley soils are
— B22t-16 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam,
brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure on plains. lopes are 0 to 5 percent.
parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; few thin Wiley s 'Is are similar to the Ren hill and Ulm soils
clay films on faces of peds;neutral;gradual smooth boundary. and are ne the Colby, Heldt, and eld soils. Renohill
B3-22 to 28 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, soils have s ale between 20 and 40 inches. Ulm, Heldt,
yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak coarse subanglar blocky and Weld so s are more than 35 p cent clay in the B2
structure; slightly hard, very friable; calcareous; mildly alkaline; horizon. Colb soils lack a B horizon.
clear smooth boundary.
- Cca-28 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown(10YR 6/4)sandy loam,yel- Typical ped n of Wiley silt loam in an area of Wiley-
lowish brown(10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable; Colby complex 1 to 3 percent sl pes, in the northeast
I some visible lime in fine filaments or threads;calcareous;moderate- quarter sec. 34, . 3 N., R. 68 W.
ly alkaline. Ap—0 to 11 inches; e brown (10YR 6/3 silt loam,dark grayish brown
t Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 37 inches. Coarse fragments (10YR 4/2) moist weak fine gran structure; very hard, friable;
3 make up 0 to 10 percent of the solum. Depth to free carbonates ranges calcareous; mildly e; clearsm th boundary.
from 12 to 24 inches. B2t-11 to 24 inches; e brown (10 6/3) silty clay loam, brown
1 The A horizon has value of 5 or 6 dry and 3 to 5 moist and chroma of (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium rismatic structure parting to
2 or 3. It is loamy sand or sandy loam.The B2t horizon is commonly fine moderate medium s ngular bloc ; very hard, firm; few thin clay
sandy loam that is 10 to 18 percent clay. The C horizon ranges from films on faces of s; calcareo s; moderately alkaline; gradual
coarse loamy sand to sandy loam smooth boundary.
Baca-24 to 34 inches; e brown 0YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown
(10YR 5/3) moist; we medi prismatic structure parting to
Weld eries moderate medium su lar b Icy; very hard, firm; some visible
lime in fine filaments d se ; calcareous; moderately alkaline;
The ld series consists of dee , well drained soils that gradual smooth boundary
formed in calcareous eolian dep sits. Weld soils are on Cca-34 to 60 inches; very pal b (10YR 7/3)silty clay loam,brown
smooth pla S. Slopes are 0 to 5 rcent. (10YR 5/3) moist; massive v ry hard, friable; some visible lime in
fine soft masses;calcareous oderately alkaline.
Weld soils are near the Aden , Colby, Nunn, and Wiley
soils. Adena ils have a light olored surface layer and Thickness of the solum range from 16 to 40 inches. Typically these
soils have free carbonates at th ace.
_solum less th 15 inches t ck. Colby soils lack a B
The A horizon has hue of 10 r 2.5Y,value of 5 to 7 dry and 3 to 5
wizon. Wiley s ids have a fig t colored surface layer and moist,and chroma of 2 or 3. B horizon is commonly silty clay loam
less clay in the 2t horizon Nunn soils lack an abrupt that is 28 to 35 percent clay. e C orizon is commonly silty clay loam
textural boundary etween t e A and B horizon. or silt loam.
Typical pedon of eld lo , 1 to 3 percent slopes, 2,470
feet south and 200 et w It of northeast corner sec. 35, References
T. I N., R. 61 W.
Ap—0 to ri inches; brown 0 R 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) (U American Association f State Hig ay (and Transportation) Offi-
cials. 1970. Stand specificatio for highway materials and
moist; moderate medium anular structure; hard, friable; neutral; methods of samp- and testing. E 10,2 voL,illus.
abrupt smooth boundary. (2) American Society fo Testing and Ma rials. 1974.Methods for clas-
621t.-8 to 12 inches; brown (1 YR 5/3) light clay, brown (10YR 4/3) sification of soils r engineering p ses.ASTM Stand. D 2487-
moist; strong fine prism is s cture parting to strong fine angular 69. In 1974 Ann Book of ASTM ndards, Part 19, 464 pp.,
blocky; very hard, firm' many oderately thick clay films on faces illus.
of peds; neutral;clear- oath ndary. (3) Colorado Depart ent of Agriculture. 1 75. Colorado agricultural
B22t-12 to 15 inches; pal brown ( YR 6/3) heavy clay loam, brown statistics, 1974 liminary, 1973 Final II 1-75.
(I0YR 4/3) moist; str ng fine pris tic structure parting to strong (4) United States D artment of Agriculture. 951. Soil survey manual.
fine angular blocky; ery hard, f ; many moderately thick clay U. S. Dep.A c. Handb. 18,503 pp.,illus.(Supplements replacing
films on faces of pe ; neutral;clear mooth boundary. pp. 173-188 is ed May 1962)
Baca-15 to 28 inches; ery pale brown 10YR 7/3) loam, pale brown (5) United States partment of Agriculture. 1 5. Soil Taxonomy. A
(10YR 6/3) moist; oderate medium p 'smatic structure parting to basic syste of soil classification for m g soil surveys. Soil
moderate medi subangular blocky; rd, friable; few thin clay Conserv. Se 'ce, U.S.Dep.Agric. Handb. 6,754 pp.,illus.
films on faces of ome peds; some visible lime occuring in fine soft
masses;calcareo ;moderately alkaline;cl smooth boundary. Glossary
11
Cca-28 to 60 inche very pale brown(10YR 7 ) silt loam,pale brown G
(I0YR 6/3) mo' t; massive; slightly hard, fri le; some visible lime
in fine filamen or threads;calcareous; mode tely alkaline. ABC soil.A soi having an A,a B,and a C horizon.
AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon. Co only such soil
Thickness of th solum ranges from 20 to 39 inche Depth to free car- formed in ecent alluvium or on steep rocky slopes_
bonates ranges f m 10 to 20 inches. Aeration,soil The exchange of air in soil with air from e atmosphere.
The A horizo as value of 4 or 5 dry and 2 or 3 mo -t and chroma of The air i a well aerated soil is similar to that in t atmosphere;
2 or 3.The B2t orizon is commonly light clay or heavy ay loam that is the air i a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher i carbon diox-
to 45 perce clay.The C horizon is commonly silt loa or loam. ide and wer in oxygen.
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