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Home My WebLink About960942 U. S. T .PARTMENT OF AGRIC _TURF SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE SHEET NO. 15 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART ( LA SALLE QUADRANGLE) � � � : f l R ,, jfj 1" f T� :`ym0 P` gyp^ C 44is 1 r..a 1 F 44 11 8 . �"� . 9 - y s .t. ,� d ( �a ® r ^iskti ,� a _`� ..--„.a...;.,- ,- • r B �$'.f Dxd 'B .; �� '�� . Y sk R( , i n`� n..age ( � s... ^ > ` '� w a *' -feu a j..x..e. T /�F� �• q .. M3". ' 7"^�bF t .•fi esR' 6^ :•e '''. ---•: h g k� x'' �V� �q dew \h.w '$ a xg �'`: ,t g.3 w� ,A, a. .pfy ax .s; P ::.,St 3 : � w t rf ` s s .� it. 4,0 y N Y 9 � a .abv .y'gj £ter a s;rp�y: ,w'-' G� 2" "/ yG a 111 6 SG N Y /`0 7- { . ..y'? ,:. arc ��,`v cv - 4r :. ';.<,.r s ki e, x x ro-.br mty. 'S ip r- �"� ,�>ajit a _ Ga'' g a,,".e, ' a ,gym a ' x.' # P SOIL NUMBER, NAME, AND GRADE 960942 10 - BANKARD SANDY LOAM, 0 to 3 percent slopes 11 - BRESSER SANDY LOAM, 0 to 1 percent slopes EXHIBIT 44 - OLNEY LOAMY SAND, 1 to 3 percent slopes 68 - USTIC TORRIORTHENTS, moderately steep // 72 - VONA LOAMY SAND, 0 to 3 percent slopes 76 - VONA SANDY LOAM, 1 to 3 percent slopes L. i B y F r t.. . .. `Y R 72 " 70 nN h`' ] ;r I/ ,� so , 38 „.;,..,11.,.::-.,, . T 3 ,,-.....44, .+. A4 76 .. i_ �4 IS y�� ,tf4 Q• �d�� `D �i..° 3 ��a{•. I 52 h8 ₹ .7c . : k `� 6i. F� 25 -69 30 5 10 h, Y 51 � .'ri,'� 44 ,/� 85 a .ter-� fi � '. 3 4!;ti o� 76h nn, "7s „ � "51L. 3 *"" r.. ` ,F d'�� b y,,t .r. •'., ,. r Lit �, 'i i �,� p ..,..F. Atirtitr te,;,-••� �.., �=r =fin.• •r l 68 t ,. F32f IIIIIIIIk7 s • 31* • ..?„,,v., } 51 1lk) La Salle . ]o oA A:. 70 51 ` . ant n „..-- •••'-�. yA..: R 41� .3'.. I'.'2s,A f 29 A f .v.s't 195, • `,:..1..„t,'„..,.4, J 69 '� 6 #6R VACIFIC �� 69 46 29 � d /// 29 51 / ]2 41.3t3lerr3 '3'4 75 50 nK ze ,�:,•x• s .,,,,;,:.,:x0::?';-.14,,,.... x z rYr v._sF ". 46� 96U942 , ,. 6 ..fitly ',� ,a y..� 'Y' ` r-Y ,�47191 ,.�4v "':� is (011 Al Sc /!o1> � rk 4 ::.:y�s v. t X76: FF' �r t 7 fit„ yy )".2,,;::,013k. 3, ,r39= , 6 yf 47 % ' U, A2 YS b sx: 12 SOIL SURVEY This soil has good potential for urban and recreational Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The development. Increased population growth in the survey cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can chief limiting soil features for urban development are the be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and dries cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septic tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- tank absorption fields function properly, but community meet, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- sewage systems should be provided if the population den- land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at- sity increases. Because of the moderately rapid perinea- tracted by managing livestock grazing and reseeding bility of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. where needed. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass This soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop- I Ie irrigated. ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclass „S—Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This IVw irrigated, VIw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on flood range site. plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. It formed in 14—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is stratified recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In- a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700 eluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bars to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the and small areas of noncalcareous soils. South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas Typically the surface layer of this Bankard soil is of soils that have sand and gravelly sand in the lower brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The underlying part of the substratum. material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sandy loam sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish fine gravel. brown sandy clay loam about 19 inches thick. The sub- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water stratum to-a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or permeability and available water capacity are more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or low. This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is subject to flooding. Pasture is the best use. Tall wheat- low. grass, tall fescue, and annual sweetclover are some of the This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It most suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 amount and value of forage produced. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, The potential native vegetation is dominated by sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- switchgrass, indiangrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, needleandthread, and blue grama. Much tices are needed to maintain top yields. of this range site includes other soils and vegetation in All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- such a complex pattern that it is difficult to map them rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and coin- separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. per acre in favorable years to 1,500 pounds in unfavorable Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease; blue grama, sand dropseed, and forbs establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by-cul- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of increase; and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation poorer. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry ?� Management of vegetation should be based on taking periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- reedgrass, sideoats grama, little bluestem, blue grama, pu- an peashrub. bescent wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass are Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. suitable for seeding. This soil can be seeded by using an Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- interseeder or a firm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill game species can be attracted by establishing areas for is required. Seeding early in spring has proven most suc- nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed cessful. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans This soil is generally not suited to the establishment for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive and growth of trees and shrubs. Onsite investigation is agriculture. needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and This soil has good potential for urban and recreational shrub species. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The 960942 E 1 4' WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 13 only limiting features are the rapid permeability in the Typically the surface layer is brown gravelly sandy j'. substratum and the resulting hazard of ground water con- loam about 9 inches thick. The upper part of the underly- rI tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability class I ir- ing material is pale brown and light yellowish brown very rigated. gravelly sandy loam about 22 inches thick. The lower part i12—Bresser sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is to a depth of 60 inches is light yellowish brown very a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700 gravelly sand. A layer of strong lime accumulation 22 to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the inches thick is below the surface layer. South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water of soils that have sand and gravelly sand in the lower capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 part of the substratum. inches or more. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sandy loam erosion hazard is low. about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish The potential native vegetation is dominated by little brown sandy clay loam about 18 inches thick. The sub- bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama, stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential Permeability and available water capacity are production ranges from 1,200 pounds per acre in favora- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or ble years to 700 pounds in unfavorable years. As range more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, low. blue grama and hairy grama increase, and forage produc- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It tion drops. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- Management of vegetation should be based on taking ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, half or less of the total annual production. Seeding and and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 mechanical treatment are impractical. Deferred grazing is to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, a practical measure in improving range condition. sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch Windbreaks and environmental plantings are suited to lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper this soil. Low available water capacity and high calcium water application. content are the principal hazards in establishing trees and All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- shrubs. Weed control is needed to insure establishment rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn- and survival of plantings. Supplemental irrigation also mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. may be needed to insure survival. Trees that are best Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited and have good survival are Rocky Mountain ju- best suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in niper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- The shrubs best adapted are skunkbush sumac and lilac. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of Wildlife uses are very limited because this soil lacks vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation potential for producing necessary habitat elements. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry Because most of the acreage is rangeland, only rangeland periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival wildlife, for example, scaled quail and antelope, are typi- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa cal. Extreme care is needed in managing livestock grazing pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The in order to provide suitable habitat on this soil. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Steepness is the most limiting soil feature that must be an peashrub. considered in planning homesites and the constructionof Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. roads. Other limiting features are the rapid permeability Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- game species can be attracted by establishing areas for in the substratum and the resulting hazard of ground nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed water contamination from sewage lagoons. Site prepara- nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans tion for environmental plantings such as lawns, shrubs, for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive and trees is difficult because of the high content of gravel agriculture. and cobbles. Capability subclass VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel This soil has good potential for urban and recreational breaks range site. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The 14—Colby loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, only limiting features are the rapid permeability in the well drained soil on uplands at elevations of 4,850 to 5,050 substratum and the resulting hazard of ground water con: feet. It formed in calcareous eolian deposits. tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile Typically the surface layer is pale brown loam about 12 irrigated. inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 13—Cascajo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent inches is very pale brown silt loam. slopes. This is a deep, excessively drained soil on terrace Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is edges and upland ridges at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. feet. It formed in very gravelly calcareous alluvium. In- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. eluded in mapping are small areas of soils that are shal- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It low or moderately deep over sandstone and shale. is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- 960942 30 SOIL SURVEY Permeability is moderately slow. Available water In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of low, the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- irrigating crops and pasture. Furrows, contour furrows, monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or and cross slope furrows are suitable for row crops. Sprin- close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of kler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping tillage to a the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in minimum and utilizing crop residue help to control ero- irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- sion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops respond to tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- barley, and sorghum. Most of the the acreage is planted trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops to winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. bushels per acre. The soil is usually summer fallowed in In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. The potential native vegetation on this range site is Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue lage are needed to control soil blowing. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, may be needed at the time of planting and during dry and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival the site as range condition becomes poorer. are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. an peashrub. Wildlife Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats is an important secondary use of this soil. grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- game species can be attracted by establishing areas for wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans drilled for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. agriculture: Few Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally areas of this Nunn soil are in major growth and urbanized centers. The sandy surface layer, the moderate suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in shrink-swell potential in the subsoil, and the hazard of establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- rare flooding along Box Elder Creek are the chief limit- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of ing features for development. Capability subclass IIIe ir- vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation rigated, IVe nonirrigated. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry +Olney loamy sand, 1 to-3 percent slopes. This is a Periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Included in mapping are some small leveled areas. shrubs best suited areskunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand an peashrub. about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The very pale brown sandy clay loam about 15 inches thick. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is very pale pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability and available water capacity are cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be 960942 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 31 attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- managing livestock grazing and reseeding where needed. tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of This soil has good potential for urban development. The vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability may be needed at the time of planting and during dry in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa face layer is a limitation for recreational development. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- Capability subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; an peashrub. Sandy Plains range site. Wildlife is an important second 45—Olney loamy sand,-3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a cropland areas P secondary use for oo this -neoil. The p provide favorable habitat ring-necked deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash deposits. Included be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- and shale within a depth of 60 inches and some small tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- leveled areas. ment, especially Range- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is in areas of intensive agriculture.e, can be brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoils yel- attracted wildlife, developor ing le, tlivestock he h watering orn pfacilities, lowish brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam about managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. 14 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is This soil has good potential for urban development. The very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. only limiting feature is the moderately rapid permeability Permeability and available water capacity are in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or contamination from sewage lagoons. The loamy sand sur- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard if face layer is a limitation for recreational development. low. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and trees In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- grow well. monly P Capability s subclass file irrigated, VI nonirrigated; Sandy grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or Plains range site. close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of 46—Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. the time. Close grown crops and pasture can be irrigated This is a deep, well drained soil on smooth plains at eleva- with contour ditches and corrugations. Furrows, contour tions of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in mixed outwash furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- have a dark surface layer and some small leveled areas. lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- Typically the surface layer of this Olney soil is grayish trol erosion. Maintaining fertility and organic matter con- brown fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil tent is important. Crops respond to barnyard manure and is yellowish -brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam commercial fertilizer. about 15 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 The potential native vegetation on this range site is inches is very pale brown, calcareous fine sandy loam. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability and available water capacity are grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 the site as range condition becomes poorer. to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tices are needed tomaintain top yields. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, -and crested mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in be seeded into clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of spring has proven most successful. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally may be needed at the time of planting and during dry suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in periods. Trees that are best suited and have goodsurvival 960942 44 SOIL SURVEY to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low. I too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. i lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama, The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi- per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in drops. vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical. if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to • determine if plantings are feasible. wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in ear ly Seeding early in spring has proven most success- managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable ful. habitat on these soils. Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and potential is poor for urban and recreational develop- shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa- vegetation should be continued for as many years as bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and Breaks range site. have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas-of soils that have lime within a Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches. cropland-areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8 pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches _thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping This soil has poor potential for urbanand recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to ir- cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 bility subclass II le irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. 4.-Usti c Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin- escarpments at elevations of 4,450 -to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar- formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of-9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help-to maintain percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production. have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten- about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As 960942 a _. l h P SOIL SURVEY t4 46 [ Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick. I' moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- capacityPermeability moderatelyis sater rapirooting ilable water er face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low. dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and manly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum Maintaining nd ti zifenglicr pis residue sidue help.to Ccon- range condition becomes poorer. trol e The native vegetation on theLoup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. he redicd p mer fve a wed ieldlis s 20tb s ers ls rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per err The soil i sum 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fee iliZer. in and minimum til- switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, P pP g� and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing The also y bee vegetatione needed to control ta water Bros on. is weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition potential becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western ranges towheatgrass from are po also od prominent. s omiper acre in Poten otial grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range has proven most suoratsfl. Grazing should be light to and switchgrass decrease e sand and blue grama,estem, sand sandrdropseed, prevent W range deterioration. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the iteMana s an of e condition egtionibeon becomes this soil should be based oorer. pronghorn vestock antelope, can be attracted ging by developing on taking half and leaving half of the total annual ndsrese watering g facilities,nd managing livestock grazing, produc- and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,pubescent switchgrass, tchgrra s, sideoats abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- -wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected et the seasonal ous shorebirds. management of this g soigrazing, for wet- should should be e drilled into a clean, firm sorghum uirements of stubble orvestock. la land wildlife r includes managing livestock grazing, fencing to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful. plantings are to develop. Capability Cholassppy Sand Meadow range rrigated, V le onir-site, suited Windbreaks to thissoil. Blowing sand]and low available water rigated;Loup soil mans soil in Choppycapacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees V in loamy oady sand, 0ow tro 3 site. at—Vona sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows ental i and r rigation ns maintained e high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Sups formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of pond p ponderosa pine,sumac, berialilac, nnen lm.i The rubs best suited eashrub. soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can 960942 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- he seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be meat, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub. igh somewh t excessively drained 6 soil t on plains and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can he brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard of ground water contamination from sewage hazard is low. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non- Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches. used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish taro good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer. 960942 1 SOIL SURVEY 48 the principal hzard in Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, leaving a hazard in tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- Sand between the rows. Supplemental irrigation of Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by grams, blue asui pubescent lefor The and crected may be necessary at the time of planting and during the wheat grass are suitable requirements r seeding. The grass selected dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good seeded ee ed into the e fiuo bllivestock.it It can survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, be sedd into afirm clean, firm sorghum d. Seed nog e can inPonderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackber- spring ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and drilled a prepared seedbed. Seeding early in has proven most v successful. Siberian peashrub. use of this soil. Windbreaks this and environmental and low are fairly waterwell Wildlife is an important secondary Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- and suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available game species can be attracted by establishing areas for capacity share the principal hazards in establishing should trees g planted ns. This soil is so loose an that vegetation maintained be nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed etw in cows. furrows lem and tion eee nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have agriculture. good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern This soil has good potential for urban and recreational well. The l redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- peashrub. stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIs notate wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can irrigated. be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, "—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare- hazard of round water contamination from sewage ous to a depth of 60 inches. lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub- 75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of permeability is moderately rapid. Available water 4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops co - brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a desuitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol- straerm to a ty is of o60 inch es is sandy loam.ely rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or capacity is moderate. Permeability modeditch lining, and installing pipelines Ther at effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling,inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed applications. methods of irrigation ae suitable, but furrow hazard is low. ir- This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- is on to all crops beans, a in the area, includ-small grain, mercial Windbreaks andre needed for top environmental plantings are generally inn corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), the principal hazard in system and onions. Anof example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil.e Soil blowing, leaving a strip system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by vegetationin between the rows. Supplemental strip of cul- silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by permeable substratum slightly restricts t some crops.r ion dry Trees that are best suited and have good survival All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- may be necessary at the time of planting and during rigation is the t most nyard arn irrigation manage- periods. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa izer are needed for top yields. 960942 WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49 shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition. cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successful. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIe tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of irrigated; IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation 77—Vona sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry deep, well drained soil on plains atelevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi- depth of 60 inches. an peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked brown fine sandy -loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- hazard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas. to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown I too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam. ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. The potential native vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It 74, and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- t production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, • 960942 Hello