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��69//""�� 70 )i - FFF� 70 49 35 EXHIBIT
12 7 I7
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45
range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Paten-
sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
q,+r' becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer.
ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
. blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
e,: seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
�,.. management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble.
s', ;� ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush
_' ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated
be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible.
ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran-
are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs,
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site.
This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This
:q} primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges,
•. and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at
tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up
stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per-
/ lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu-
shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions
rigated, Vie nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes.
70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It
excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is
.`' 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material
mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand.
depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
Rx that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low.
depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark
moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick.
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of GO inches is light
low. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam.
4
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is low.
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. u.
e are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little ':
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue grama, i'
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potential {
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condi-
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, blue
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, and forage production
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops. .
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred graz-
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding and k.
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical. 1
11
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to ppK
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed- determine if plantings are feasible.
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- Wildlife populations are limited because the necessary
menu of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreage
sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scaled
quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed in
seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
ful. managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitable
habitat on these soils
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and .
Potential is poor for urban and recreational develop-
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well
ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coarse
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing
textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa-
vegetation should be continued for as many years as
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Gravel
Breaks range site.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep,
-dcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to .
.kberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, 0
5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in �
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about 8
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is 'u
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping to-.
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- i,,
i.
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to it dli
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4
bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small a
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be used
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprin-
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of bar i.
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintain 'ty
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sand t .:
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, s'ak
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten
about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in r1:
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. A.s %','.
if
'
12 SOIL SURVEY
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
development. Increased population growth in the survey cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
chief limiting soil features for urban development are the be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and dries cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septic tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
tank absorption fields function properly, but community ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
sewage systems should be provided if the population den- land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at-
sity increases. Because of the moderately rapid permea- tracted by managing livestock grazing and reseeding
bility of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. where needed.
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass This soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop-
IIe irrigated. ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclass
10—Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This IVw irrigated, VIw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land
is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on flood range site.
plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. It formed in 11—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is
stratified recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In- a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,700
eluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bars to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the
and small areas of noncalcareous soils. South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas
Typically the surface layer of this Bankard soil is PP g
brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The underlying of soils that have and and gravelly sand in the lower
material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous part of thhe substratum.
sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sandy loam
fine gravel. about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish
brown sandy clay loam about 19 inches thick. The sub-
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is Permeability and available water capacity are
low. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
subject to flooding. Pasture is the best use. Tall wheat- low.
grass, tall fescue, and annual sweetclover are some of the This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
most suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the
and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
amount and value of forage produced.
to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
The potential native vegetation is dominated by
sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac-
switchgrass, indiangrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
sideoats grama, needleandthread, and blue grama. Much tices are needed to maintain top yields.
of this range site includes other soils and vegetation in All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
such a complex pattern that it is difficult to map them rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com-
separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
per acre in favorable years to 1,500 pounds in unfavorable Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid
grasses decrease; blue grama, sand dropseed, and forbs establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
increase; and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
poorer. may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
Management of vegetation should be based on taking periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redeedar, ponderosa
ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
reedgrass, sideoats grama, little bluestem, blue grama, pu- an peashrub.
bescent wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass are Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
suitable for seeding. This soil can be seeded by using an Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
interseeder or a firm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
is required. Seeding early in spring has proven most sue- nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
cessful. nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
This soil is generally not suited to the establishment for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
and growth of trees and shrubs. Onsite investigation is agriculture.
needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
shrub species. development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
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