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U.S. Department of Agr4cuJ.tur(e Page •- :1
Soil Cortservatic,r, Ser .e F.,/ 1 /94
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
FOR DESCRIPTION CATEGORY •• C,OI
Survey Area- WELD COUNTY, SOUTHERN PART , COl. CINADO
Map
Symbol Description
35 1..OI.JF'-Ec)EI_. LOAMY SANDS, 0 TO 3 PERCENT SLOPES lit i.•.:> map
unit is on stream bottoms an'] in d rai rtal.Jeways of the
sandhi:lls. This, un:i.t consists of 55 pe-rcc•.nt. Loup an'' 35
percent Itoel. soils. The Loup soil i
a deep , poorly drained soil., creaming a hydr•Ic: soi..1.
condition. :i:t Pouted in sandy alluvium. The surFa':c
and subsoil is a loamy sand.. The substratum to a ck1:,th
of 60 inches is a sandy loam. Tlii.s, soil has a rapid
permeability. The available water holding capacity is
moderate. Runoff is slow and the erosion ha r.-a rd due fn
wind is high.
The Roe( soil is a deep , somewhat I:rool :i y (.i r is i r,nd
soil, creating a hydri.c: so:i.J. c:ond:it:i.ort.. 3:k formed :i.rt
stratified sandy alluvium. The surface is a Loony ≤:land ..
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is a
stratified loamy sand . This so:i1 has a rapid
permeability. fhe available water holding capacity is
moderate. Runoff is s:I.ow and the erosion hazard due 1'rt
• wind is high.
47 t:1LNEY FINE SANDY LOAM, 1 TO 3 PI_-FtCLN•f SLOPES l t-ie Olney
soil is a deep, well drained soil . It is ('Ti•f•crr me:••c:i
smooth plains in mixed outwash deposits. fhe surface
is a fine sandy loam. The ssubso'i.:l. is sandy r:').:ay .L'-).:rm..
The underlying material is a c:.alc:.areous:, fine sandy
loam. The soils have moderate perirtc:aI:t:i. :l ity. 'I I'to:i 1
available water holding capacity is moderate. Roots
penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow .:rrtt:l +ho
erosion hazard due to wind is severe..
69 VALENT SAND, 0 TO a PERC;E:N f SLOPES The Val legit soil is a
deep, excessively drained soil. .. It is formed on plaint:
from eoi:i.art material. The surface is a sand, as is the
underlying material . The soils have rapid peArmeaf:): :t.•i •-v..
Their available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate to 60 inches or inure.. Runoff is •:i.Lrnim
and the erosion hazard clue to• w:irtd is high.
70 VALENT SAND, 3 TO 9 PERCENT SLOPES fhe V:a 1.er•it soil is a
deep, excessively drained soil . It :I.1; formed on pJ.a'ir.s
from ec:11ian material. The surface is a sand, as is the
underlying material . The soils have vapid he?rmoat:il •i •Sv..
Thei.r available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate t.a 60 inches or more.. Runoff is i Lrltat
and the erosion hazard clue to wind is high.
951690
Soil Conservation Service !:i/:X1 /94
NONTL:cl•INJ:C:AL. SOILS DkiSCRIP1roi! REPORT
FOR DESCRIPTION CATEGORY - SOI:
Survey Area- WELD COUNTY, SO€JTI•HERN F'AR'T , COLORADO
Map
Symbol T)esc:r:117t_:1.orl
72 VONA L.OAI-4Y SAND, S?1 TO 3 PERCENT SLOPES The Vona s u1.l is
a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil. 1:t 1.s
formed on plains and hi.q€e terraces :1r,� ec :lian c:►r
alluvial. deposits.. The surface :is a fine sandy leafy,7
as is the subsoil. The euider1.y:i.nq material is a 'randy
loam. The soils have moderately rapid ph:?1'Ir,€?ability_
Their available water holding capacity is moderate.
Roots penetrate to 60 inches or more. Runoff is s:.:1 rlim
and the erosion hazard due to wind is high.
76 VONA SANDY LOAM, 1 TO 3 PERCENT SL.OI'f:_S The Vona soil is
a deep, well drained soil . it :is formed on high
terraces from alluvial. material . Thesurface is a
sandy loam, as is the subsoil. The underlying material
is a sandy loam. The soils have moderately rapid
permeability.. Th6i.r available water holding ca€a< c: 1.
is moderate. Roots penetrate €:o 60 inches or more"
Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard due to wind '1.s
severe?.
951690
(.. ..NVENTIONAL AND SPECI. _
SYMBOLS LEGEND
FOR SOIL MAPS
CULTURAL FEATURES SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR
SOIL SURVEYsv.r a,
BOUNDARIES HIS SOIL DELINEATIONS AND SYMBOLS
e
Gravel pl .r.
National.slale or province — — ESCARPMENTS
County or parish _ Mum or WWII, ^ Bedrock
(points down slope)
Minor civil division _ _ — MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES Other than bedrock
(points down slope)
Reservation(national loresl or park. I arm slearl.house • 511ORT STEEP SLOPE
slate loresl or park. tonal in urban areas)
and large airport) Church 1 GULLY .,.,..,,.,.,�.�.............
Land grant . School 1 DEPRESSION Oil SINK 0
Indian
Mound
Limit of soil survey(label) Indian nruund(label) rr SOIL SAMPLE 517E
(normally not shown)
lower
Field sheet matcldrne&lieadme Located object(label) O MISCELLANEOUS
LAS
AD HOC BOUNDARY(label) Tank(label) • Blowout v
km nn.n.rl-I-I
5111.111 airporL all lre ',park.oilfield. Wells.oil or gas 4it Clay sllol
cemetery.or flood pool _ -- r
Windmill a Gravelly spot •^
STATE COORDINATE TICK t Kitchen nndden Gumbo.slick or scabby spol (sotkU 0
LAND DIVISION CORNERS L _I_ TL • Dumps and other snndar r_-
(Sections and land grants) nun soil areas —
ROAOS Pr out men)lull or peak
Divided(median shown •flock ordrrop
rl scale permits)
WATER FEATURES (includes 5.rI1d51ouC and)bale)
Other roads Saline spot _I_
Trail DRAINAGE Sandy spot • •
ROAD EMBLEMS L DESIGNATIONS Perennial.double line - 2
-Severely eroded spot
Perennial.single line ..------- \
Interstale Slide or slip(bps point undrape)
Federal ® Inlernnllenl Stony spot,very stony Spot 0 IDState C) Drainage end __ /
Highly Erodible Land
County.)aria or ranch ® Canals or ditches ,
RAILROAD . Double line(label) -,_i_—
Not Highly Erodible
POWER TRANSMISSION LINE Drainage and/or it million —,--" Land N Ha
(normally not shown) —
PIPE LINE. LAKES.PONDS AND or SERvO111S
I normally tot shown I urmlrrD ,�
FENCE —. Pmernm,d `'\— Cu
(normally not shown)
• int
LEVEES b iermdlenl - '-'
Without road nrtnnnii iiiiuii MISCELLANEOUS WAILI1 FEATURES
With road uuunui ""l' Marsh or swamp -Jc
ilininInininil
nnnnnunnni SWIM:
With railroad r 'ii_.-. I 1.
riiirii i
DAMS Well,at lesran '••
Large(to Scale) Well,irrigation o
Medium or small \_lr— Wet spot v.
al
(taken from published soil survey text for
use as a soil map lenend sheet for FSA plans)
951690
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 25
can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Plowing and Permeabilty is rapid. Available water capacity is
drilling on the contour minimize runoff and soil losses. moderate. The water table is usually about 24 to 36 inches
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. below the surface. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally hazard is low.
well suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing This unit is used as rangeland and irrigated cropland.
vegetation should be continued for as many years as Cropping in irrigated areas is limited to the crops
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and tolerant of water and salts. Light, frequent irrigations by
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern furrows and flooding reduce the -salts accumulation.
redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and Pasture is the best use. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, and
hackberry. The shrubs best suitedare skunkbush sumac, annual sweetclover are some of the best suited crops.
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. Commercial fertilizers improve the amount and value of
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The forage produced.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked The potential native vegetation on this unit is
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can dominated by switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass,
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape and western wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem,
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- prairie cordgrass, slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, salt-
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grass, sedge, and rush are also present. Potential produe-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- tion ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, deteriorates, the switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. little bluestem, and prairie cordgrass decrease and salt-
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational grass, blue grama, sand dropseed, sedge, and rush in-
development. Increased population growth in the survey crease. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as
area has resulted in increased homesite construction. The range condition becomes poorer.
chief limiting soil feature for urban development and road Management of vegetation on this unit should be based
construction is the limited capacity of this soil to support on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
a load. Septic tank absorption fields function properly, but tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
community sewage systems should be provided if the Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, western
population density increases. Because of the permeability wheatgrass, indiangrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and inter-
of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. mediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The plants
Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of
IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. livestock. They can be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum
35—Loup-Boel loamy sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes. stubble, or they can be drilled into a firm prepared
This level to nearly level map unit is on stream bottoms seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven most success-
and in drainageways of the sandhills at elevations of 4,550 ful. Capability subclass IVw irrigated, VIw nonirriated;
to 4,750 feet. The Loup soil occupies the lower or depres- Sandy Meadow range site.
sional areas, which receive additional runoff. It makes up 36—Midway-Shingle complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes.
about 55 percent of the unit. The Boel soil occupies the This moderately sloping to strongly sloping map unit is on
slightly higher elevations. It makes up about 35 percent upland hills and ridges at elevations of 5,050 to 5,250 feet.
of the unit. About 10 percent of the unit is Osgood sand The Midway soil makes up about 50 percent of the unit,
and Valent sand. and the Shingle soil about 35 percent. About 15 percent is
The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Renohill clay loam and Tassel fine sandy loam. The Mid-
, sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark way soil differs from the Shingle soil in having more than
grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. 35 percent clay in the underlying material.
The upper 24 inches of the underlying material is light The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed
n brownish gray, mottled loamy sand. The lower part to a in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the surface
n depth of 60 inches is light brownish gray, mottled sandy layer is light olive brown clay about 7 inches thick. The
f_ loam• underlying material is light brownish gray clay about 6
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey shale is about 13
moderate. The water table is at or near the surface in inches.
is
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in the fall. Permeability is slow. Available water cap..':ity is low.
ig Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. Surface ru-
d_ The Boel soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It noff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate to high.
is formed in stratified sandy alluvium.-Typically the surface The Shingle soil also is shallow and well drained and
layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 14 inches thick. formed in residuum from calcareous shale. Typically the
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale surface layer is grayish_brown loam about 6 inches thick.
iss brown and very pale brown, stratified, mottled loamy The underlying material is light
It Y g g yellowish brown clay
it sand. loam about 12 inches thick. Depth to calcareous clayey
951690
44 SOIL SURVEY
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is-low.,
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface'
Stubble mulch farming, striperopping,-and minimum til- runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by little
Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. bluestem, sideoats grama, sand reedgrass, blue gram 4
The potential native vegetation is dominated by hairy grama, switchgrass, and needleandthread. Potentials
western wheatgrass and blue grama. Buffalograss is also production ranges from 700 pounds per acre in favorable:
present. Potential production ranges from 1,000 pounds years to 200 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condir.
per acre in favorable years to 600 pounds in unfavorable tion deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease, bloc,
years. As range condition deteriorates, a blue grama-buf- grama and hairy grama increase, -and forage productiod
falograss sod forms. Undesirable weeds and annuals in- drops.
vade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on takinE
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based half or less of the total annual production. Deferred gran
-on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ing is practical in improving range condition. Seeding an(
tion. Range pitting can reduce runoff. Seeding is desirable mechanical treatment are impractical.
if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally an
blue grama, sideoats grama, buffalograss, -pubescent not suited to these soils. Onsite investigation is needed to
determine if plantings are feasible.
wheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass are suitable for seed-
Wildlife populations are limited because the necessan
ing. The grass selected should meet the seasonal require- habitat elements are lacking. Because most of the acreag
ments of livestock. It can be seeded into a clean, firm is rangeland, only rangeland wildlife, for example scale
sorghum stubble, it can be drilled into a firm prepared quail and antelope, are typical. Extreme care is needed h
early Seeding early in spring has proven most success- managing livestock grazing in order to provide suitabX
success-
ful. habitat on these soils.
Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and potential is poor for urban and recreational develop
shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well ment. The chief limiting soil features are the loose, coars
suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing textured soil, steep slopes, and rapid permeability. Capa
vegetation should be continued for as many years as bility subclass VIIs irrigated, VIIs nonirrigated; Grave
possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and Breaks range site.
have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep
redcedar, ponderosa-pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650h
haekberry. The shrubs best suited arc skunkbush sumac, 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included u
lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum. mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within i
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The depth of 40 inches.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Typically the surface layer is brown sand about )
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 11
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape inches is brown sand.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity i
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches a
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazards
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be low.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensirii
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The croppirq
This soil has poor potential for urban and recreational system should be limited to such close grown crops as a
development. Slow permeability and high shrink swell falfa, wheat, and barley. The soil also is suited to it
cause problems in dwelling and road construction. Capa- rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to!
bility subclass IIIe irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Clayey years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and smal
Plains range site. grain and alfalfa seeded with.a nurse crop.
68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep. These are Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinkers can be use
deep, excessively drained soils on terrace breaks and in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or sprir.
escarpments at elevations of 4,450 to 5,100 feet. They klers should be used for new crops. Applications of In
formed in gravelly alluvium and have slopes of 9 to 25 nyard manure and commercial fertilizer help to maintai.
percent. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that good production.
have pockets of sandy loam and loam in the underlying The potential vegetation is dominated by sap
material. bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats gram
Typically the surface layer is pale brown gravelly sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Potet
i about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre i
of 60 inches is pale brown gravelly sand. favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. A
L. 951.690
r
S WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45
F
r. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand
Iswitchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten-
sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in
1 and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As
becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem,
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition
sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer.
ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass,
management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita-
range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble.
ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush
ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated
be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range.
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to
survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible.
ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran-
are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub-
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs,
' attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site.
This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This
primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges,
e and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at
' tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up
q stratum does not properly filter the leachate. about 60 P P Y Sewage percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per-
ky lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu-
shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions
rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes.
q1 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It
1 excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is
5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material
•d mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand.
n- depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is
u' - that have sandstone between40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or
Lin Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low.
nd depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in
n Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark
en- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick.
in 'more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light
M Flow. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam.
•
951690
46 SOIL SURVEY
Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick.
moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low.
dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn-
hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and manly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of
pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in
favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to.con-
range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels
rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years
4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. and minimum til-
switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping,
and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion.
sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. •Undesirable Terracing also
ilso may
native v gdon to contr
lta water erosion.
weeds is
weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential
becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production s to ra1g pounds from
2,200
0 pounds
ler acre in favora-
range I.
grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring p
has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer.
pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing on Mtanageing entalf aofd vegetation on aving o of is total should
dab e based
alivestock watewhere ring facilities, managing livestock grazing, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition.
and reseeding Lou needed.
The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It
land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should e drilled
into a
Seeding early in spr
ing rang m stubbleprovenr
to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared
drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful.
to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suit
dt are the
to
hissolpBlow hazard
s sand n low available lhing trees
Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity
72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good
are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern -redcedar,
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrnb.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
951690
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It cantial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful.
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be
trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass 'Ile redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs
irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub.
deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches.
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5
inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick.
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a
hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage
This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by
pp g the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe
cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The
cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
ep, Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a
crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited
to irrigated pasture. A suitable cro in system is 3 to 4 deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at
pp g y elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian
years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping pping are small areas of soils that
grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop.
non-
Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or calcareous to a depth surfaceo 60 y inches.
g
spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of Typically the ysand and is the lower oe brown.inches The fine
6 inches is loamy and 4 is fine
barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish
Lain good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub-
•
The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand.
dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion
production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low.
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama,
and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential
the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
Management of vegetation on this soil should be-based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
Lion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
• Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
grain, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer.
951690
�r.
z
48 SOIL SURVEY
yi
Management of vegetation on this soil should be based Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
-wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected may be necessary at the time of planting and during the Via':`
should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good
be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackber- ;y':
spring has proven most successful. ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and -
Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well Siberian peashrub.
suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. -`,
capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees Ring-necked pheasant, mourning clove, and many non-
and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans
between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed
for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have
agriculture.
good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern
redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
best development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian
peashrub.
stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran •
-
geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIs
irrigated.
be attracted by developing livestock waterihg facilities, 76—Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and .
development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled
trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a
rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare-
hazard of ground water contamination from sewage ous to a depth of 60 inches.
lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass VIe brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub •
-
75—Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
soils that have a loamy substratum. hazard is low.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com-
brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a C,
stratum stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol- '
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or '
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines
inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion are needed for proper water applications.
hazard is low. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and corn- li
is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, inclucl- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, Windbreaks and environmental-plantings are generally '..
potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in !:
system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- is
silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of ,
permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow it-- may be necessary at the time of planting and during dry
rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa i.
izer are needed for top yields. pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
951690
i
WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 49
shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed,
an peashrub. and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The the site as range condition becomes poorer.
cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition.
cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can
attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be
managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
This soil has good potential for urban and recreational spring has proven most successful.
development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
irrigated; IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
77—Vona sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The
stratum and areas of soils that are noncalcareous to a shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi-
depth of 60 inches. an peashrub.
Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil iS grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
brown fine sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub- pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
hazard is low. land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con-
crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe
loge to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops 78—Weld loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep,
respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. well drained soil on smooth plains at elevations of 4,850 to
In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, 5,000 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to mapping are small areas of soils that have a subsoil of
winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels loam and light clay loam. Also included are some leveled
per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years areas.
to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is Typically the surface layer of this Weld soil is brown
too low to make beneficial use of fertilizer. loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and pale
Mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage are brown heavy clay loam and light clay about 20 inches
needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac- thick. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is silt loam.
ing also may be needed to control water erosion. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high.
The potential native vegetation on this range site is The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface
-dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low.
grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It
and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ-
{. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes,
ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3
condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage,
.l
951690 ''
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