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Home My WebLink About20000662.tiff DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES — 1555 N. 17th Avenue, Greeley, CO 80631 Phone (970) 353-6100, Ext. 3540, Fax (970)304-6498 USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW APPLICATION Application Fee Paid 707 (/) Receipt# t"? "S9 Date_ f // �G Recording Fee Paid Receipt# Date Application Reviewed by: Ol-t-& 1 t)•bf` TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT: (Please print or type, except for necessary signature) LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT AREA: Pt. SE4 of 24, T4N, R68W PARCEL NUMBER: 106124000007 (12 digit number-found on Tax I.D. Information or obtained at the Assessor's Office. Section 24, T4N, R68W- Total Acreage 9b t Zone District: Agricultural Overlay Zone_ Property Address (if available) 5749 WCR 42, Johnstown, CO 80534 Proposed Use:Animal Feeding Operation—Dairy Cattle SURFACE FEE (PROPERTY OWNERS) OF AREA PROPOSED FOR THE SPECIAL REVIEW PERMIT Name: Rick Podtburg Address: 5651 Weld County Road 42, Johnstown, CO 80534 Home Telephone: 970-587-2453 Business Telephone: 970-587-5613 APPLICANT OR AUTHORIZED AGENT (if different than above) Name: EnviroStock, Inc. Address: 1597 Cole Blvd., Suite 310 City/State/Zip: Golden, CO 80401 Home Telephone: Business Telephone: 303-238-3501 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SERVICES USE ONLY Case# Lt SP -I a- c� / Floodplain: ❑ Yes 'If-1CO Geologic Hazard: O Yes EL-N-6------- I hereby state that all statements and plans submitted with the appli on are truAnd rrect to the best of my knowledge. �1� ��i l /" i ; . Pali Rev: 1-27-97 Signature: Owner or Authorized Agent t(5K POD nc/..:1 EXHIBITboAiti5 PC-AL 0 2000-0662 USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE PodtburgDairy/Longs Peak Dairy 5749 WCR 42, Johnstown, CO 80534 1. Explain, In detail, the proposed use of the property. Longs Peak Dairy LLC, is an existing facility that was created by combining two smaller Weld County dairies. Related activities include milk production and raising calves and replacement heifers. Supporting infrastructure includes buildings and corrals for livestock husbandry, equipment storage, maintenance facilities, waste management and control structures and two residences. This proposal is for 2,000 animals, with the addition of two hay storage sheds and improvements to the existing drainage. 2. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Comprehensive Plan. This use is consistent with the Weld County Comprehensive Plan through the preservation, enhancement and growth of agriculture. Efforts to preserve productive agriculture land include the maintenance, enhancement and growth of a viable, profitable, agricultural business. Prime farmland has been preserved by locating the actual dairy facilities on non-prime farm ground, while continuing to farm the remaining land to produce forage for the dairy cattle. The prime farm ground will also be used for the application of some of the manure at an agronomic rate. The merging of the two family partnerships helps to sustain the economic health and continuance of agriculture in Weld County by allowing the best economic use of five other farm sites in southern Weld County. The spreading out of animal units over several sites helps to minimize local neighbor impacts and minimizes environmental concerns in any one area. The proposed use provides approximately sixteen agriculture jobs for Weld county residents. Typically, feedlot and dairy operations contribute 2.5 times their gross sales into the local economy. The proposed site is not located within a flood hazard zone, a geologic hazard zone or airport overlay zone. 3. Explain how this proposal is consistent with the intent of the Weld County Zoning Ordinance and the zone district in which it is located. This proposal meets the intent of the agricultural zone district where the site is located. A livestock confinement operation exceeding the four(4) animal units is permitted in the "A" district as a Use by Special Review. Public health and safety are protected through adherence to applicable county, state, and federal regulations and requirements. Provisions to comply with applicable regulations and requirements are outlined in the application. 4. What type of uses surround the site? Explain how the proposed use is consistent and compatible with surrounding land uses. Agricultural uses surround this site on the north, south, and east sides. The land to the west is a rural subdivision on small lots. Longs Peak Dairy is compatible with surrounding agriculture uses. Locally grown corn, alfalfa, grass, and straw are used by the dairy. Additionally, many of the acres where these commodities are grown are available for manure application. Longs Peak Dairy is designed to be compatible with the rural subdivision to the west. The dairy was built in a location that is visually unobtrusive. The facility is also placed in the middle of the farm to help minimize effects from flies, odor and noise. It is important to remember that dairy operations and rural residents both need well maintained roads, and a dependable high quality water source. Longs peak Dairy will use best management practices to minimize the conflict between agriculture and surrounding neighbors. There are three (3) residential homes located within 500 feet of the proposed USR boundary. Two of the homes are located within the USR boundary. 5. Describe in detail the following: a. How many people will use this site? Approximately sixteen (16) employees, the owners and owners' family, sales representatives, and supply delivery people. b. How many employees are proposed to be employed at this site? Approximately 20 employees will work over 3 shifts. Dairies typically have an employee to animal ratio of one employee per every one hundred animals. However, this number can vary as much as twenty percent. c. What are the hours of operation? The facility will continue to operate 24 hours per day in the milking barn and related facilities as it does presently. Equipment operations, trucks, farming activities and maintenance activities other than emergencies will occur primarily during daylight hours. d. What type and how many structures will be erected on this site? Most structures are already in place. Existing structures include a milking parlor, corrals, 10 freestall barns, a commodity shed, feed mixing area, homes, New lagoons and silage pit, and other minor support type structures. Proposed structures include the addition of two hay storage sheds to cover hay, and improvements to existing drainage. Please refer to the site plan map for existing and proposed structures. e. What type and how many animals, if any, will be on this site? 1500 milking cows and 500 yearling heifers for a maximum of 2,000 dairy cattle. Longs Peak Dairy -Animal Unit Table Animal Type Totals Milking Cows 1,500 Yearling Heifers 500 TOTAL 2,000 f. What kind (type, size, weight) of vehicles will access this site and how often? Typical vehicles accessing this site include feed and hay delivery trucks and semi- tractors and trailers, employee and owner vehicles, animal product vendors, and ag- related equipment. Semi-tractor tanker trucks will pick up milk on a daily basis. Operating equipment includes typical farming equipment, tractors, loaders and attachments, trucks, milking and milk handling equipment. Semi-Tractor Milk Truck I/day Semi-Tractor Commodity truck 5/wk Commodity Farm Trucks 2/wk Hay Trucks, Semi-Tractors daily during hay season Haylage—daily during haylage harvesting season Silage—daily during silage cutting season Rendering truck—when needed g. Who will provide fire protection to the site? Johnstown Fire District. h. What is the water source on the property? Domestic and livestock water is provided by the Little Thompson Water District. Irrigation water is supplied by Bunyon Lateral Ditch and the Highland Reservoir. i. What is the sewage disposal system on the property? The dairy barn and primary residence use a commercial sewage disposal system. The modular home, which is permitted as an accessory dwelling, has a permitted residential septic system. Copies of the Individual Sewage Disposal System permits for these structures are included in the Sewage and Water section. j. If storage or warehousing is proposed, what type of items will be stored? Storage and warehousing are not proposed as the primary use of this site. Feedstuffs, livestock bedding, manure, equipment parts and supplies typical of farming activities are stored on site. 6. Explain the proposed landscaping for the site. No additional landscaping is currently planned except as outlined in the Nuisance Management Plan. 7. Explain any proposed reclamation procedures when termination of the USR activity occurs. Reclamation procedures include compliance with applicable regulations such as the Colorado Confined Animal Feeding Control Regulations to manage solid manure and stormwater runoff until all relative material is adequately removed. Should the facility be permanently discontinued for use as a dairy, it would be marketed under applicable county planning and zoning regulations to its greatest and best use. 8. Explain how storm water drainage will be handled on site. Storm water drainage is handled by existing storage ponds, and one (1) new stormwater pond (proposed), which will be maintained and operated in accordance with the Colorado Confined Animal Feeding Control Regulations. Water from these ponds is used to irrigate farmground. Specific details regarding stormwater management are outlined in the Manure &Process Wastewater Management Plan 9. Explain how long it will take to construct this site and when construction and landscaping is scheduled to begin. The facility is already constructed and being used as a dairy. The only additional construction proposed are two hay storage sheds, which will be constructed as needed. 10. Explain where storage and/or stockpile of wastes will occur on this site. Manure stockpiles will continue to be located so that runoff is contained and nuisance conditions are minimized. Much of the manure produced at the site is removed and land applied at agronomic rates on nearby crops. Solids removed by the solid/liquid separator are composted and hauled off-site. Storm water and process water from the milking barn will be stored in wastewater retention structures designed to meet CAFO regulations. No hazardous material storage is proposed for this site. Stormwater, wastewater and solid manure will continue to be periodically land applied at agronomic rates. Details of the manure management system are outlined in the Manure and Wastewater Management Plan. Refuse removal is contracted to a trash pick-up service and collected weekly. , (61- COL; . STATE 7 }RADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE CERTitliCATE I, VICTORIA BUCKLEY, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF COLORADO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT ACCORDING TO THE RECORDS OF THIS OFFICE LONGS PEAK DAIRY, LLC (COLORADO LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY) FILE # 19981061878 WAS FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON April 02, 1998 AND HAS COMPLIED WITH THE APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO AND ON THIS DATE IS IN GOOD STANDING AND AUTHORIZED AND COMPETENT TO TRANSACT BUSINESS OR TO CONDUCT ITS AFFAIRS WITHIN THIS STATE. Dated: April 02, 1998 • I SECRETARY OF STATE Cl ARTICLES OF ORGANIZATION OF LONGS PEAK DAIRY, LLC A COLORADO LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY kt72 COPT 19981061878 PI $ 50.00 ARTICLE I SECRETARY OF STATE - Name 04-02-98 11:37:33 The name of the limited liability company is Longs Peak Dairy, LLC. ARTICLE II Duration The period of duration of the limited liability company shall be thirty years from the date of filing with the Colorado Secretary of State. ARTICLE III Purpose The purpose for which the limited liability company is organized is the transaction of all lawful business in which limited liability companies may be involved pursuant to the Colorado Limited Liability Company Act. 2 ARTICLE IV Registered Agent The initial registered agent of the limited liability company shall be Greg B. Marrs, and the initial registered office address of the company shall be 9100 Weld County Road 8, Ft. Lupton, Colorado 80621. ARTICLE V Management and Managers The management will be vested in managers. The names and addresses of the persons who are to serve as initial managers until the first annual meeting of members or until their successors be elected and qualify are: Greg B. Marrs, 9100 Weld County Road 8, Ft. Lupton, Colorado 80621 Rick Podtburg, 5651 Weld County Road 42, Johnstown, Colorado 80534 EXECUTED by the undersigned organizers: tilevyv, Greg]Brrs Rick Podtburg • • STATE OF COLORADO ] ] ss. COUNTY OF BOULDER ]- I, a Notary Public in and for the County of Boulder and State of Colorado, do hereby certify that Greg B. Marrs and Rick Podtburg, appeared before me in person on March 18, 1998 and signed the foregoing Articles of Organization. My s , L xpires: ' 2 97-9 ` ' Os my halt( official seal. re°:°cot0# Notary blic Ai REGISTERED AGENT ACCEPTANCE Having been named as registered agent, I certify that I am familiar with and accept the duties and responsibilities as agent for the foregoing limited liability company. 44 re Marrs STATE OF COLORADO ] ] ss. COUNTY OF BOULDER ] Subscribed and sworn to before me on March 18, 1998 by Greg B. Mans. My commission expires: Z _a-7—? S QA•e•* U• K` to Q- Mc/ Manure & Wastewater Management Plan Longs Peak Dairy, LLC 5749 Weld County Rd 42 Johnstown, Colorado 80534 Developed in accordance with the Colorado "Confined Animal Feeding Operations Control Regulation" Generally Accepted Agricultural Best Management Practices Prepared By NVIRO TOCK,t . 1591 Cole Boulevard, Suite 310 Golden, Colorado 80401 January 13, 2000 "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Contacts and Authorized Persons 3 Legal Description 3 Site Description 4 Facility 4 Soils 4 Maps 4 Topographic Map 4 Site Layout 4 Land Application Areas Map 4 Figure 1 —Topographic Map 5 Figure 2—Site Layout 6 Figure 3—Land Application Areas 7 Stormwater and Process Wastewater Management 8 Surface Runoff 8 Process Wastewater 8 Floodplains 9 Land Application of Stormwater/Process Wastewater 9 Sustainability 10 Solid Manure Management 10 Nutrient Utilization 11 Soil Testing 12 Irrigation Water Testing 12 Manure, Compost and Stormwater Testing 12 Agronomic Calculations 12 Record Keeping 13 Inspections 13 Limitations 13 Appendix A 14 Appendix B 15 Appendix C 16 Appendix D 17 Appendix E 18 Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 2 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Introduction This Manure and Process Wastewater Management Plan (MM!)) has been developed and implemented to comply with requirements, conditions and limitations of the Colorado "Confined Animal Feeding Operations Control Regulation" 4.8.0 (5 CCR 1002-19). This MMP outlines current site conditions, structures and areas requiring management of solid manure, storm water run-off and process wastewater. This MMP will be kept on-site and amended prior to any change in design, construction, operation or maintenance which significantly increases the potential for discharge of solid manure, stormwater run-off and process wastewater to waters of the State. This MMP shall be amended if it is ineffective in controlling discharges from the facility. Below is the date of the last MMP amendment: Amendment 1: Amendment 2: Amendment 3: Amendment 4: Longs Peak Dairy will keep records relating to the MMP onsite for a minimum of three years. Contacts and Authorized Persons Mr. Rick Podtburg or Mr. Arlan Marrs 5749 Weld County Rd 42 Johnstown, Colorado 80534 (303) 659-8682 The individual(s) at this facility who is (are) responsible for developing the implementation, maintenance and revision of this MMP are listed below: Rick Podtburg Owner (Name) (Title) Arlan Marrs Owner (Name) (Title) Legal Description The legal description of Longs Peak Dairy is: Part of the SE' of Section 24, Township 4 North, Range 68 West, Weld County, Colorado. Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 3 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Site Description Facility Longs Peak Dairy is located on Weld County Road 42,just west of the intersection of WCR 42 and WCR 13. Dairy construction is industry-typical steel and wood posts, free stall barns, pipe and cable fence, concrete feed aprons and feed bunks, feed alleys and drovers alleys, feed storage areas and associated storage structures and maintenance facilities, waste management and control structures. Longs Peak Dairy currently has approximately 1,500 lactating and dry cows on site, as well as 500 replacement heifers. Farm ground borders the facility on four sides. Soils CDS Engineering Corporation from Loveland, Colorado performed on-site soils investigation and testing. Their report is included in Appendix A. Maps The maps described below are included in the following pages. Topographic Map The Topographical Location Map shows the location of Longs Peak Dairy, surrounding sites, topography and major drainages. Site Layout The Site Map details the configuration of the existing dairy with proposed additions conspicuously marked. Additions include a silage pit, two hay sheds, one settling basin and one retention pond. Land Application Areas Map The Land Application Areas Map shows the location of the dairy facility and the associated land application areas. Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 4 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Figure 1 — Topographic Map 49� �� J ?65 �--)\.__./.-------- ". • `�°s� � % B 4850 i 1 / 485 495] J •J i ' 4844 s V • 4'23 9B 4962 .moo•' C \\N---- if O �I g 6Pir I NI�� / � �� 5010 �. 1 �� . _4820 ., e\---1: )._—S eX-3--ji ,—: _ _ j _ ) --. --7, ,v, fig? K--- ---') "n ,'---1 v I ± o < ( y0 4888 - —VA 4843 �o _ 48� �_4�.re -_ ' �`// tie ) / �L 481 I �i�' �� `\o ; �® `�`� :*\\,,,� �.�II ~ice) ��:�—C '` ) �� II I J ! \— ,\\ �, A*2 , fay/ /I �.✓; // 1 \V , '��„ _____ \,,,, _ ,,,,,m3 .. I ,,�� ' moNi )„ ,„,,,/ /�' / , ,a —�;1; �' " 9 0 III '0969 �� -,_c, ,J ( -,- , , ,,, , ,,ii i00, -\ • Ut 9�O II 1f / eooa i� \\, � �� a_2,,,_ ./_\,, . .„.„, �� x/56 1—�x-�� 5029 / .4� k �\ 42 i �� HLLr ord 4965 Reseraoir /, , ,,. \FiD) .._, "\„0 ,,,/) l\\ — O it ti I �,� �t/(/M'? > � j � � U' / / i o v\ I//i I �i \�� 2 % �� sou I �30 a 1"' i 5050 _ 8 o\��,f�jv+ - cncR ---- 5074 5033 8992 Fjq(( / 4980 Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 5 p WELD COUNTY ROAD 13 co N 9000•00'EMI UK VP 11E WHEW Ir. tl ii .NE E.,p �I �b y 8 .� Ratite • AREA OF USE BY SPECIAL REVIEW 97 ACRES id 6.64""A:::::::: TII�( IQ YaSp SILAGEfl-T15 _ - {(PXOPOg9)ffi.10E PIT] • .�.�.�.�....�•�.�.��•�.�.�•�.� il wawa. I . \ / a 4•x\ X o a .65 2 al 6 18 al AM. i>•` , u r g e.---„ des „ rail C I - . J _._._��• \�.A—••=-.-• , � 4 by Y BEM TO DIVERT RUNOFF INTO I. POND/3 MON PEN NOS /- �'� - I% 1q AND V '`.-: i i 3984.30• al 3 OOY'M'E OF u�Ill xaN.IEEE pT A=..) gi 03 1. .171 —II I os C d l .1C- 10 C\/\ a (0 2CRR1 bur.la L'fl RNIQ N�Fffd p •_soma'W nos D_ N C C W U J EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Figure 3—Land Application Areas Township 3 North R 68 W R 67 W 14 13 18 0. c c 23 24, w' 19 / � LAND AIM-CADDY LONGS CATON AREA DAIRY � i Weld County Rd 42 26 25 30 Scale: 1"=25001 Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 7 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Stormwater and Process Wastewater Management Surface Runoff Longs Peak Dairy currently controls stormwater with two settling basins and two retention ponds located on the west side of the dairy (see Figure 2). Longs Peak Dairy plans to add a new settling basin and retention structure adjacent to the existing structures and as shown in Figure 2. The new structures will provide additional storage for both stormwater and process wastewater. This will give Longs Peak Dairy more flexibility in their stormwater/process wastewater management. The proposed settling basin and retention pond will be designed and constructed to meet the 1/32 inch-per-day maximum seepage requirement in Section 4.8.4 of the Colorado Confined Animal Feeding Operation Control regulation. Upon completion of the new structures, the liner will be inspected and certified by a licensed professional engineer. Documentation of adequate lining will be submitted to the Weld County Health Department and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. CDS Engineering Corporation from Loveland, Colorado performed on-site geotechnical work in order to verify construction of the existing ponds. A copy of their report is included in Appendix A. The 25-year, 24-hour storm event for Johnstown, Colorado is 3.8 inches. Using the SCS runoff curve number for unsurfaced lots (90), the amount of runoff generated during a 25-year event is 2.73 inches for the dairy's 40 acres. This results in approximately 9.1 acre-feet of runoff generated at Longs Peak Dairy during a 25-year event. The amount falling directly on the lagoons for current conditions is 1.7 acre-feet and the amount falling directly on the lagoons for future conditions is 2.3 acre-feet. The existing retention structures contain approximately 16.6 acre-feet. The proposed new settling basin and retention pond will be constructed to contain approximately 6.9 acre-feet combined. The dairy's total storage capacity will be approximately 23.6 acre-feet. The expanded capacity will provide storage in excess of the amount generated by a 25-year, 24-hour storm event by 11.4 acre-feet. The extra 11.4 acre-feet represent approximately 20 months worth of process wastewater accumulation and storage. Calculations for the 25-year storm and pond capacities are in Appendix B. Longs Peak Dairy will maintain the lagoon system to contain a 25-year, 24-hour storm event. Should stormwater runoff elevate the lagoons beyond 50% of the designed 25-year, 24-hour containment level, the system will be dewatered within 15 days to achieve the required retention capacity as outlined in the Colorado Confined Animal Feeding Operations Control Regulation. The ponds are dewatered by pumping to one of three fields for irrigation. Longs Peak Dairy has approximately 177 acres of irrigated farm ground available for application of stormwater/process wastewater. Sixty-seven of the acres is flood irrigated and located adjacent to the dairy on the west and east sides. The other 110 acres is located northwest of the dairy and is expected to have an irrigation pivot installed during the next year. These fields normally are planted to alfalfa or silage corn on a five-year rotational basis. Process Wastewater Longs Peak Dairy generates process wastewater within the milking parlor. Free stall barns are dry scraped. Longs Peak Dairy currently generates approximately 6,000 gallons per day of process wastewater. Dairy parlor floors and walls, milking equipment, pipelines, and tanks are Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 8 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 washed with fresh water. Wastewater flows into a solids separating unit located adjacent to the settling basins. Wastewater flows from the separator into the settling basins and subsequently into the retention ponds. Solids collect in the separator and settling basins, while liquids pass west into the two existing lagoons. Floodplains EnviroStock, Inc. reviewed the Weld County FEMA maps and determined that Longs Peak Dairy is not within the mapped 100-year floodplain. Land Application of Stormwater/Process Wastewater Stormwater/process wastewater is pumped from the retention ponds onto farm ground in accordance with the Colorado CAFO regulations, "tier two"land application requirements. The application areas for stormwater/process wastewater are three irrigated parcels (see Figure 3); two flood irrigated parcels adjacent to the dairy and a third soon-to-be pivot-irrigated parcel located northwest of the dairy. Table 1 below shows the land necessary to utilize nutrients from a 25-year, 24-hour storm. The nitrogen content and losses are based on Midwest Plan Service publication No. 18, Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook. The calculation in Table 1 indicates that Longs Peak Dairy requires between 30 and 39 acres of farm ground to utilize the nitrogen that is contained in runoff generated from a 25-year, 24-hour storm. Table 1 - Land Requirements for 25-year Storm Vol. of 25-yr., 24-hr. event, gallons 3,718,948 Total N contained in liquid, lbs. 14,876 Total-N=4#/1000gal-50%Organic-N NH4-N lost during irrigation, lbs. 2,045 via sprinkler(27.5%loss)via flood(17.5%loss) 1,302 N in Manure after application, lbs. 12,830 13,574 N available to plants 1st yr. (PAN), lbs 7,624 (30%mineralization rate for organic-N) 8,368 Corn Barley Corn Silage Alfalfa Based on CSU Extension Bulletin#XCM-174 150 Bu/acre 80 Bu/acre 20 wet tons/acre 4 tons/acre N req. (20 lb. res. N in soil)(66% N efficiency), lb./acre 185 86 213 250 Acres req. if effluent applied via sprinkler irrigation 41 89 36 30 Acres req. if effluent applied via flood irrigation 45 97 39 33 When process wastewater is applied, the irrigation application rate shall not exceed the estimated soil infiltration rate. Irrigation application rates shall be adjusted to avoid significant ponding of concentrated runoff in surface depressions or seasonal drainage ways. There shall be no discharge to waters of the state resulting from land application activities when the ground is frozen, saturated or during rainfall events. Five year average stormwater/process wastewater generation estimates are outlined in Appendix B. The tables estimate the average annual amount of wastewater to be land applied to maintain the retention structures' volume at a manageable level. The tables combine the volume of normal precipitation runoff with process wastewater. One table is for current conditions and another was generated for proposed future conditions (one additional settling basin and one additional retention pond). Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 9 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 The tables account for the following: o Average monthly precipitation values from local weather data o Average monthly pan-evaporation data from local weather data o Evaporation area equal to the surface area of the containment structures when 'A full o A 0.85 conversion factor for converting pan evaporation to lake evaporation o Dairy drainage area of 40 acres o Runoff percentage from NRCS National Engineering Handbook o Process wastewater generation rate of 6,000 GPD o Trial-and-error pumping amounts to keep the retention basins' volume at a manageable level The calculation tables show that annual land application of approximately 9.4 acre-feet, for current conditions and 7.5 acre-feet for future conditions, of stormwater/process wastewater will maintain a manageable level in the retention structures. Table 2 below shows the land necessary to utilize the nutrients from 9.4 acre-feet of stormwater/process wastewater in accordance with tier two of the state CAFO regulations. The nitrogen content and losses are based on Midwest Plan Service publication No. 18, Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook. The calculation in Table 2 indicates that Longs Peak Dairy requires between 25 and 32 acres of farm ground to utilize the nitrogen contained in 9.4 acre-feet of stormwater/process wastewater. Table 2 -Land Required for Average Years' Stormwater/Process Wastewater Avg. year pumping (9.4 A.F.), gallons 3,062,791 Total N contained in liquid, lbs. 12,251 Total-N=4#/1000gal-50%Organic-N NH4-N lost during irrigation, lbs. 1,684.53 via sprinkler(27.5%loss)via flood(17.5%loss) 1,072 o in Manure after application, lbs. 10,567 11,179 N available to plants 1st yr. (PAN), lbs 6,279 (30%mineralization rate for organic-N) 6,891 Corn Barley Corn Silage Alfalfa Based on CSU Extension Bulletin#XCM-174 150 Bu/acre 80 Bu/acre 20 wet tons/acre 4 tons/acre N req. (20 lb. res. N in soil)(66% N efficiency), lb./acre 185 86 213 250 Acres req. if effluent applied via sprinkler irrigation 34 73 29 25 Acres req. if effluent applied via flood irrigation 37 80 32 28 Sustainability Additional calculations show nitrogen mineralization and residual accumulation when stormwater/process wastewater occurs on the same fields every year. The calculations (in Appendix B) show that in most situations, 45 acres of farm ground will assimilate the nutrients from stormwater/process wastewater if applied annually to the same fields. Solid Manure Management Longs Peak Dairy manages solid manure through routine pen cleaning and maintenance. Pen density is managed to optimize the surface area and keep cows clean while maintaining solid, dry footing for livestock. Longs Peak Dairy cleans pens annually. Some manure is composted and Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 10 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 used as bedding while the remainder is removed by local farmers who take it to utilize the nutrient value for their fields. Should Longs Peak Dairy choose to land apply solid manure on their own property; they will do so in a manner following "tier two" criteria in the state CAFO regulations. Manure, compost and soil testing is covered later in this MMP. Longs Peak Dairy has approximately 177 irrigated-acres of their own land available for land application of manure. Table 3 below calculates the amount of manure produced and the associated nutrients on an"as excreted basis". In addition, manure weight "as hauled" and "as composted" is calculated accounting for predictable moisture losses. The calculations are based on Midwest Plan Service publication No. 18, Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook for various size dairy cattle and an average capacity of 1,500 lactating cows. Table 3- Manure Production Manure Manure TS VS Nitrogen P2O5 K2O MAPS(as excreted)(873%moisture) (Ibs.) (cu.ft.) (lbs.) (lbs.) (lbs.) (Ibs.) Qbs.) 1500 Production(XX/day-HD) 120 1.94 16.8 14.0 0.595 0.24 0.48 Mik Cows©1,400# Total Daily Production 180,000 2,910 25,200 21,000 893 360 720 each Total Annual Production 65,700,000 1,062,150 9,198,000 7,665,000 325,763 131,400 262,800 Production 000day-HD) 43.0 0.69 6.00 5.00 0.213 0.09 0.17 Replacement Heifers Total Daily Production 21,500 345 3,000 2,500 107 45 85 (r45000 each Total Annual Production 7,847,500 125,925 1,095,000 912,500 38,873 16,425 31,025 2000 Production(XX/day-HD) Total Head Total Daily Production 201,500 3,255 28,200 23,500 999 405 805 Total Annual Production 73,547,500 1,188,075 10,293,000 8,577,500 364,635 147,825 293,825 Manure as Hauled(79%moisture)(tons) 22,239 Nutrient Utilization Nitrogen is the element that most often limits plant growth. Nitrogen is naturally abundant. However, it is the nutrient most frequently limiting crop production because the plant available forms of nitrogen in the soil are constantly undergoing transformation. Crops remove more nitrogen than any other nutrient from the soil. The limitation is not related to the total amount of nitrogen available but the form the crop can use. Most nitrogen in plants is in the organic form and is incorporated into amino acids. By weight, nitrogen makes up from 1 to 4 percent of harvested plant material. Essentially all of the nitrogen absorbed from the soil by plant roots is in the inorganic form of either nitrate or ammonium. Generally, young plants absorb more ammonium than nitrate; as the plant ages the reverse is true. Under favorable conditions for plant growth, soil microorganisms generally convert ammonium to nitrate, so nitrates generally are more abundant when growing conditions are most favorable. Manure and process wastewater is most typically applied for fertilizers and soil amendments to produce crops. Generally, manure and process wastewater is applied to crops that are most responsive to nitrogen inputs. The primary objective of applying agricultural by-products to land is to recycle part of the plant nutrients contained in the by-product material into harvestable plant forage or dry matter. Another major objective in returning wastes to the land is enhancing the receiving soil's organic Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 11 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 matter content. As soils are cultivated, the organic matter in the soil decreases. Throughout several years of continuous cultivation in which crop residue returns are low, organic matter content in most soil decreases dramatically. This greatly decreases the soil's ability to hold essential plant nutrients. Land application of Longs Peak Dairy stormwater/process wastewater and solid manure to recycle valuable nutrients is a practical, commonly accepted best management practice given that fertilization rates are applicable and that deep soil leaching does not occur. Reference material from Colorado State University is included in Appendix C of this MMP for use by the operator in making sound decisions pertaining to the land application of stormwater and solid manure. Soil Testing The purpose of soil sampling is to ensure that the quantity of nutrients later applied to the soil will not lead to undesirable nutrient levels in the soil. Knowledge of nitrogen and other nutrients present in the soil, combined with specific crops and realistic yield goals, are key for calculating appropriate manure and/or stormwater application rates. Longs Peak Dairy will test soil from the land application areas annually using the protocol in Appendix D. Irrigation Water Testing Longs Peak Dairy will test irrigation water once per year using the protocol in Appendix D. • Manure, Compost and Stormwater Testing Manure, compost and stormwater testing are essential components of a complete nutrient balance. The amount of nutrients in solid and liquid waste determines the amount that can be land applied agronomically. Longs Peak Dairy will test stormwater/process wastewater at least once per year following the protocol in Appendix D. If solid manure or compost is applied to land owned or managed by Longs Peak Dairy, the materials will also be tested annually. Agronomic Calculations Agronomic rate is the rate at which plants will utilize nutrients while limiting the amount of nutrients that are lost via percolation through the soil or runoff. Longs Peak Dairy will perform agronomic calculations for every field upon which wastewater and/or manure is applied. Agronomic calculations take into account: • The crop to be grown • A realistic yield goal • Total nitrogen required to meet the yield goal • Residual soil nitrate • Soil organic matter • Nitrogen content in irrigation water • Nitrogen credit from previous legume crop; and • Plant available nitrogen(PAN)in the manure Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 12 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Forms for performing agronomic calculations are in Appendix E. One agronomic calculation sheet is used for each field on which manure is applied. In addition, reference material from Colorado State Cooperative Extension is located in Appendix C, which includes nitrogen requirement information for corn, wheat and other crops commonly grown in Colorado. Record Keeping Records of manure application will be kept on the Solid Manure and Stormwater Application Logs. These forms are included in Appendix E. During each manure application event, Longs Peak Dairy will record appropriate information on the Solid Manure or Stormwater Application Log. Soil and manure testing results will be retained for a minimum of three years. These records associated with manure and nutrient management at Longs Peak Dairy will be kept with this Manure Management Plan. In addition, authorized person(s) will track precipitation at Longs Peak Dairy. After each event, precipitation will be recorded on the Rainfall Log(this form is provided in Appendix E). The Rainfall Log will be kept in this MMP. Inspections Authorized persons will inspect the site, retention ponds and manure handling equipment quarterly for potential problems that may result in manure or wastewater entering waters of the State. These inspections will be recorded on the Storage Basin Inspection Report and Preventive Maintenance Log (these forms are provided in Appendix E). Appropriate corrective actions will be taken and properly documented on the forms. These quarterly reports will be inserted into this MMP. Limitations EnviroStock, Inc. has no control over the services or information furnished by others. This Manure Management Plan was prepared and developed in accordance with generally accepted environmental consulting practices. This plan was prepared for the exclusive use of Longs Peak Dairy and specific application to the subject property. The opinions provided herein are made based on EnviroStock's experience and qualifications, and represent EnviroStock's best judgement as experienced and qualified professionals familiar with the agriculture industry. EnviroStock, Inc. makes no warranty, expressed or implied. Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 13 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Appendix A o CDS Engineering Corporation's Soils and Geotechnical Report Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 14 Of 13, 00 Hi; 0:41 I ACLel'jr DAIRY CATTLE FACILITY DESIGN, PART OF THE SE% OF SECTION 24, T.4 N. , R.68 W. OF THE 6TH P.M. , WELD COUNTY, COLORADO FOR LONGS PEAK DAIRY CDS ENGINEERING CORPORATION LOVELAND, COLORADO PROJECT NUMBER 99-9921 JULY 8, 1999 REVISED JANUARY 10, 2000 01 /1.f:00 lilt 10'4:! FAA . CDSEngineering Corporation July 8, 1999 Project No. 99-9921 Mr. Arlan Marrs Longs Peak Dairy 5749 Weld County Rd.42 Johnstown, Co 80534 Dear Arlan, Enclosed is the report you requested of the dairy cattle facility design for the facility located on part of the SE'/ of Section 24, T.4 N. , R. 68 W. of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado . If you have any further questions concerning the information in this report, please contact this office . Sincerely, CDS ENGINES P TI.9N'`, " ' Ar ny J. Wernsman, -'P.:E.,:,' AJW/add Enclosures 165 2nd Street S.W. • Loveland, CO 80537 • (970)667-8010 • Fax: (970) 667.8024 01. 12 00 H) 15:43 P15 4Zi f TABLE_ OF CONTENTS Pao Letter of Transmittal Table of Contents ii Scope 1 Site Location and Description 1, 2 - Soils Descriptions 1, 2 Facilities Description 3 Site Investigation 4 Site Construction Recommendations 4-6 - Site Preparation 4 - Borrow Materials 4 - Placement of Fills 4 - Lagoon Embankment 4, 5 - Topsoil and Reseeding 5 - Lagoon Liner 5, 6 Summary 6 ii Cl: 12:00 W[J) 15:43 P:lS � It1Z TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Paae Site Maps Appendix A USGS Quadrangle Drawing No. 1 Flood Plain Drawing No . 2 Soils Map Drawing No . 3 25-Year 24-Hour Precipitation Drawing No. 4 Evaporation Map of Weld County Drawing No. 5 Drilling and Testing Results Appendix B Location of Testing Drawing No. 1 Summary of Test Results Table No. 1 Topographic Map Appendix C iii 01 14. F lit '0:42 *.c 420')- 1 scopg This report presents the results of a soils testing and dairy cattle facility design for the facility located on part of the SEM corner of Section 24, T.4 N. , R. 68 W. of the 6th P.M. , Weld County, Colorado. The investigation was prepared by means of field and laboratory testing of samples obtained. The purpose of this document is to provide design and recommendation for the existing construction and operation of a wastewater control system for the dairy cattle facility. This investigation was made to verify the lagoon liner material, design and control recommendations, and any problems that might be encountered. $ITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The site is located southwest of the Town of Johnstown, Weld County, Colorado, east of Interstate 25 . The dairy cattle facility is located in the center part of the SE;( of Section 14, T.4 N. , R.68 W. of the 6th P.N.. The property and site slopes gently to the north and northwest . A house, milking barn, and cattle barns exist on the property. The property does not lie within the 100 year flood plain, and the USDA Soil Conservation Service for Weld County, Colorado, lists the following soil descriptions for the proposed facility site. SOILS DESCRIPTION$ 34-K_ _m loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes . This is a deep, well drained soil on plains and alluvial fans at elevations of 4, 900 to 5, 250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian deposits and parent sediment from a wide variety of bedrock. Included in mapping are .small areas of soils that have loamy sand underlying material . Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 25 inches of the underlying material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate. 01: 12.00 ICED 15:45 Pit 01,- 2 This soil is suited to limited cropping . Intensive cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping system. should be limited to such close grown crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. This soil also is suited to irrigated pasture. Because of the permeability of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be sealed. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well . Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. 38-Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes . This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4, 800 to 5, 050 feet It formed in residuum derived from soft sandstone . Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40 inches . Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine sandy loan about 8 inches thick. The underlying material is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at a depth of about 28 inches . Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate . This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping system should be limited to such close grown crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to irrigated pasture . Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. 61-Tassel fine sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes . This is a shallow, well drained soil on upland breaks at elevations of 4, 850 to 5, 200 feet . It formed in residuum from sandstone, Included in mapping are small areas of sandstone outcrop and areas of noncalcareous soils . Typically the surface layer of the Tassel soil is light yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 7 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish brown. very fine sandy loam. Sandstone is at a depth of about 11 inches . Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is 10 to 2) inches . Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate . The chief limiting feature is the shallow depth to sandstone. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandstone Breaks range site . Dl I2/') "FD 15:46 flX 3 FACILITIES DESCRIPTION The facility has been constructed with eight (8) existing and two (2) proposed free stall barns for the dairy cows . Two (2) smaller sheds and a milk barn with a covered holding pen also exist . Fourteen (14) various sized pens and alleys are placed between the various free stall barns and barns. Three (3) pens exist in the southwest portion of the facility for the yearling heifers . The manure will be periodically loaded or piled in the pens . The wastewater from the pens will be controlled downslope with berms to the earthen settlement/evaporation lagoons . The owner has developed a wastewater control, storage and land application system which conserves nutrients available in the manure for use as fertilizer on owned adjacent agricultural cropland. The pens will be cleaned, hauled, and applied to cropland as needed. The lower (north) pond will be periodically pumped and mixed with fresh water from the lower freshwater pond before applied to the cropland. The earthen storage lagoon wastewater will be dewatered onto cropland as needed to maintain the required berm surcharge. The north (lower) pond berm was formerly a water retaining dam, that was constructed many years ago. The south (upper) pond berm was constructed early in 1999 . Earth scrapers were used to load, move, and compact the soils used. The bottom of the south pond was compacted with earthscraper traffic on native soil . The north pond had trees along the east and north berms that were removed in late 1999 . The area of the removed trees was compacted with the on-site clay material compacted similar to the original construction. The facility is to have 2000 head of dairy cows (1500 dairy cows and 500 heifers) . The dimensions of the free stalls are 40 ' x 283 ' , 40 ' x 271 ' and 98 ' x 290 ' . The pens all have various sizes . Two (2 ) additional free stall barns are proposal in the existing pen 7 and 8 . The facility will be managed by the property owner, and a few employees are needed. The facility will be in operation seven (7) days per week and any patron traffic will be minimal . The number of additional cattle proposed for the facility should not increase the noise in the immediate area, since the site is already an existing facility. The closest structures to the site is an existing house to the north and a residential subdivision west of the property . Dust control will be managed by best management practices as needed. It is anticipated that water will be supplied by the Little Thompson Water District, and the Highland Ditch System. )1, 12,00 CU 15: 17 FAX f 009 4 SITE INVESTIGATION The field testing performed on March 26, May 19, August 11, and September 9, 1999, consisted of field density tests, and soil sampling. Lagoon liner sampling was performed on November 18, 1999, and January 4, 2000. Refer to Appendix B for the testing results . The Field Liner Test Locations are shown on Drawing No. 1 . A Summary of Test Results is shown on Table No. 1 . The Topographic Map (see Appendix E) was developed by surveying the existing site. Contours were developed from the shots taken. The bottom cf the ponds was developed by taking original grade elevations around the ponds and interpolating the pond bottoms . SITE CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS Site Preparation The borrow area of the existing earthwork berms was from the silage • pit area and along the west side of the south pond. The south pond was constructed in early 1999, and the berms were compacted with earth movers. Borrow Materials As stated above, the borrow materials used for the berms was taken from the silage pit area and west of the south pond. Placement of Fills The existing berms on both the upper and lower lagoons were checked for compaction using a nuclear density gauge. Density tests were taken in native soils around the ponds and on both the top and along the slopes of the berms . These tests showed densities from 85% to 111% compaction of ASTM D698 for the native soils and berms, respectively. Lagoon Embankment The materials for fill used appear to consist of the onsite clayey soils . The materials were taken from the area of the silage pits and along the west side of the south lagoon. 01/12,00 'H9 15:48 1't13 5 Compaction of the fill was checked to determine the moisture content and check the density . The density was checked tc ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor) . These compaction results are consistent with typical results for native soils and embankment fills . Topsoil and Reseeding The areas of the embankment should be seeded by the Owner with perennial grass as specified by the Soil Conservation Service recommended guidelines for the seeding in this part of Weld County. The slope where soil was borrowed west of the south berm has already been reseeded, and the grass appears to have adequately sprouted. Lagoon Liner The on-site cohesive soils have been placed on the lagoon berms for berm and liner material. The State of Colorado requires the liner to be a minimum of twelve inches (12" ) thick with a maximum seepage rate of 1/32" per day (1 x 10-6 cm/sec. ) . The lagoon liners were sampled and laboratory tests were performed to determine the Unified Soils Classification of the on-site liner/berm material . Permeability tests were also run on the sampled soils at insitu density and moisture content. Refer to Appendix B for the Soils test results . The coefficient of permeability (k) for the north and south pond liners range from 1 .31 x 10-7 to 4 . 95 x 10-8 cm/sec. For a maximum eight foot (8' ) water depth with a twelve inch (12" ) liner, the minimum required permeability factor (k) needs to be 1 . 02 x 10-7 cm/sec . to meet the minimum seepage rate requirements. The only area that would have the 8' depth is in the south pond (Pond 3) . The remaining ponds would have a maximum depth of approximately six feet (6 't) . For a 6 ' depth with a 12" liner, the minimum coefficient of permeability (k) needs to be 1 .31 x 10-7 cm/sec. to meet the minimum seepage requirements . Liner samples were taken at twelve to eighteen inch (12"-18" ) depths. The minimum coefficient of permeability (k) for 6' and 8 ' water depths with an 18" liner are 1 . 84 x 10-7 cm/sec . and 1 .45 x 10-7 cm/sec . , respectively . The United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service National Engineering Handbook "Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook" shows that one order of magnitude can be taken for the coefficient of permeability (k) in effluent ponds with liners containing greater than 15% clay. Our laboratory testing shows 54 . 9% 01 '. L(0 tIEH 15: 4:1 FAX 4 '11 6 to 94 . 1% passing the No. 200 sieve (clay and silt sizes) . Refer to Summary of Test Results in Appendix B. Therefore, the liner soils with the effluent contained would allow for the decrease in permeability(k) . Therefore, all the liner materials appear cc meet the minimum 12" thick maximum seepage rate of 1/32" per day (1 x 10-b cm/sec. ) . Refer to Location of Testing and Summary of Test Results in Appendix B for the location of liner samples and coefficient cf permeability (k) results . Additional liner testing i.e being performed on ponds 1, 2 , and 3 . These test results will be finalized in the next few weeks . SRX The findings and recommendations of this report have been obtained in accordance with accepted professional engineering practices. Following the recommendations shown in this report will help assure that the design requirements are achieved. 01 !2- 00 UN; 15:50 FAX 2 APPENDIX A SITE MAP? USGS QUADRANGLE DRAWING NO. 1 FLOOD PLAIN DRAWING NO. 2 SOILS MAP DRAWING NO. 3 25-YEAR 24-HOUR PRECIPITATION DRAWING NO. 4 EVAPORATION MAP OF DRAWING NO. 5 WELD COUNTY 01 12 CO Mt; 15:50 I:z,C ¢J(I US GS O SAD RANGLI __ /,. r. 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J iL_ ,f• _ f • t l tS � ' 1��\_ `�,' 1 tun _j �US. - / ...... '1 , I ( i J ' ✓11 I� 'ir -\ II - Ins 11 t r 1 my.Iwt �,----- i .,_e L;. •�1,. • . 1 / , 4 i /If 1cL-t t _ 1 'll iI , t: • / , , I t � _ 111 ;�, , '1f• f - .1--'--\- -;.1 A ,r1 ��•i 1, 1 I e\•.i Irt , ! , .I - . �' .•.) , t. J tY�`- �, 61 „ 1„I��L�' 1::• • ‘_ (II l ,__ _mil. i -,J, „ _-•(�-!. �_ _ J� _ L1 .._ `-/ L :/IiJY..1.fllK:i' _.�-_«� _� -.I�__. » _ -^ ,If t ;---I 11 "T M' If - 1{ -It II -III it N RItl:+ 111111 H II _tI 11 '' I I - I COLORADO _�.� • 25-YEAR 24-UuUR PRECIPITATION la a 11 Ie 10 1e ,,,,,,;"""'""'•"••»«» •• •-,•••••,•• 1e-110Ptvv1�IS 01 :�•Y(AR 14 110111 •.,N++•,M..u.w-.:ri....rw..1 r..•.wu.,r..w h. t�'-'-_�=—r'--•-��DEUS. .........4.66.6.6i.';,,�„«,,,,.,,.... 1ltcl/t1/11.N IN ILNiNS D/ 1K InCN --.�_ _ .._. -..-_ r,N.WM.rW�.AMh.I MIMI.MI 1R1ilfl •I I— .-�.,!.I�__..._...�_�ill . . -fag fas 1O4 -=-- ia: lo: -. AN HI: t2: nn !1[D 13: " FAX O^ ; --- Annual Free Water Surface Evaporation Map of Weld County Adapted from NOAA TR NWS 33 Units: Inches/year a5 (,) , 40 \\\\ Nunn •8riggsdale Windsor • Greeley • Johnstown APPRoxrriATE / SITE LOCATION ) . Ft Lupton i 7Erie / 0 50 45 i / D RAWING Na 5- ill:1 2 00 1'H ) 15:55 FAN APPENDIX B TESTING RESULT$ LOCATION OF TESTING DRAWING NO. "i SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS TABLE NO . 11. 12. 00 'kI) 1::66 ;. le'01'. / :L. \�_ i / / / / / f.-1,I" �I I / 7/f / If ill Ali / , - II //I '""writ. r M1Sf+-"-: Ii l i I / i / II I g FI 11 � �I ,1 1 k � �\ �F �Ial � I I1 \ J I Li �` 1f \ I M t \\".___._4_/ .., Ii't / \ ` I� \\�it --��I iI \ ' / / ;: �` 7 / a/ �� " �� a) 3' \ �I�, r /11AL -, i i l / vc A \ \ /,-P-L) I o LOCATION OF TESTING DRAWN Er: DRAWING Aaw a LOCATION OF LAGOON LINER SAMPLE MO. SCALE:I11_ '51 DATE I-10- 00 :cos ENGINEERING CORP. -- - N2OJECT 99...99A( 01 .12/00 tt1:1) 15:57 PIN icri2,. TABLE I SHEET 1 OF 3 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS DATE:Sept. 20. 1999 TEST HOLE NO. 1 2 1/2 3V 4 I 5 6 1 DEPTH(FT.) Berm Berm Surface Berm Berm Berm North Na SOIL OR ROCK Sandy,Silty Sandy,Silty Composite Sandy,Silty Sandy,Silty ,Sandy, Silty Sandy, Silty I Clay Clay Clay Clay i Clay Clay I NATURAL MOISTURE (%) 8.1 8.0 I Si 16.0 16.4 DRY DENSITY (PCF) ! PENETRATION (BLOWS/IN.) SWELL @ 500 PSF SWELL PRESSURE (PSF) _ _____y UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (PSF) % STRAIN I ' SO4 (PPM)LIQUID LIMIT 29 28 28 25 32 I � PLASTICITY INDEX 7 4 i-- I 2 9 -- 7 % PASSING #200 55.9 54.9 79.8 85.4 57.9 USC CL CL CL CL CL CL CL I I I MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY(PCF) _ 108.8 i 97.0 OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT(%) ( 14.7 21.1 COEFFICIANT OF PERMEABILITY(K)(CM/SEC.) PERMEABILITY DRY DENSITY(PCF) ! i I PERMEABILITY MOISTURE(%) _ i PERCENT COMPACTED __L j I CDS ENGINEERING CORPORATION, Loveland, CO Project No: 99-9921 ill . I2;0 %;(:i) 1:7,:5% FAX ;err .: TABLE I SHEET 2 OF 3 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS DATE: Sept. 20, 1999 TEST HOLE NO - --- -- - 7 1 8 I 9 10 I ---11---I 12 — DEPTH (FT.) North Berm South Native!South Berm 'North Pond Line,North Pond Lines North Pond Li-.e: !Sandy Sandy Sandy I North ;North I South • SOIL OR ROCK Silty Silty Silty I East I Shore I East I •Clay {Clay Clay Corner • Corner i NATURAL MOISTURE (%) I i 15.3 i 30.6 40.1 32.8_ DRY DENSITY (PCF) �- - 90.0 86.1 76.7 4-- a PENETRATION jBLOWS/IN.) r 1 I I I% SWELL @500 PSF . I SWELL PRESSURE (PSF) UNCONFINED I i I i I COMPRESSIVE i . ' STRENGTH (PSF) 4 -- -- % STRAIN -- -- I SO4 (PPM) ! I ' l --___,_ LIQUID LIMIT -_---.--- -- -- - 30 39 I PLASTICITY INDEX - 10 18 % •PASSING #200 I _ 69.3 94.1 69A USC CL CL i CL CL CL i CL j 'MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY(PCF) 103.2 I 105.6 106.7 - OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT % r 17.2 17.8 I 17.3 COEFFICIENT OF I I 1 I PERMEABILITY(K)(CM/SEC.) l 4.24x10-7 1.31x10-7 4.95x14-8 . -- I I t PERMEABILITY DRY DENSITY (PCF) I •PERMEABILITY MOISTURE(%) - : i PERCENT COMPACTED (%) j _L _L I ;COS ENGINEERING CORPORATION, Loveland. CO Project No: 99 -9921 01/3"_ 00 14'1.11 15:59 FAX '►( '�� TABLE I SHEET 3 OF 3 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS DATE: January 10. 2000 TEST HOLE NO. 13 14 f - DEPTH (FT.) E North Pond Lines South Pond Line Southwest Southeast SOIL OR ROCK Corner Corner NATURAL MOISTURE (%) ( 24.4 31.0 DRY DENSITY (PCF) 90.9 PENETRATION (BLOWS/IN.) % SWELL (c)500 PSF SWELL PRESSURE (PSF) `. UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE ,STRENGTH (PSF) % STRAIN -• SO4 (PPM) LIQUID LIMIT - 36 PLASTICITY INDEX 14 I %'PASSING #200 72.9 use CL - -_ COEFFICIENT OF 2.05x10-7 PERMEABILITY(KI(CM/SEC) MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY (PCF) OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT(%) { I CBR I R-VALUE I i ,_. . • CDS ENGINEERING CORPORATION, Loveland, CO Project No: 99 -9921 EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Appendix B o 25-year, 24-hour and retention basins capacity calculations o Average Years' Stormwater/Process Wastewater Generation(current conditions) o Average Years' Stormwater/Process Wastewater Generation(proposed conditions) o Nitrogen Mineralization Chart for Stormwater/Process Wastewater Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 15 Longs Peak Dairy 25-year,24-hour Storm Event and Pond Capacity Calculations Proposed Current Additional Conditions Ponds 25-year,24-hour Storm Event for the Location,inches 3.80 3.80 SCS Runoff curve#factor 1.11 1.11 90 for unsurfaced lots factor 1.11 97 for surfaced lots factor 0.309 Total number of acres in facility drainage area 40 40 Separate different drainage areas Include pens,alleys,mill areas,working areas etc. Inches of runoff given SCS Runoff Curve Factor 2.73 2.73 Minimum Retention Capacity Required,Acre-Ft. 9.10 9.10 Minimum Retention Capacity Required,Cu.-Ft 396,515 396,515 Surface Area of Retention Structure,Acres 5.49 7.30 Amount of additional volume required,Acre-Ft. 1.74 2.31 Amount of additional volume required,Cu.-Ft. 75,733 100,671 Total Retention Structure Volume Required,Acre-Ft. 10.8 11.4 Total Retention Structure Volume Required,Cu.-Ft. 472,248 497,186 Total Storage Volume Available,Acre-Ft. 16.6 23.6 Storage Volume Excess or(Deficit),Acre-Ft. 5.8 12.1 Ponds'Total Surface Area,Sq.-Ft. 239,157 317,907 Evaporation Area,Sq.-Ft. 122,478 180,974 agoon Capacities Settling Basin#1 Settling Basin#2 Pond#3 Pond#4 Proposed Sealing Basin#5 Proposed Pond#6 vet one- Vol.One- Vol One- Vol.1/2-root Vol.1/2-root root foot foot Depth Depth(1/2-pot Area @ Increment, Area a$ Increment, Area g Increment, Area @ Increment, Area @ depth, Vol 1/2-foot Area @ Increment (One-root Interval),ft depth,re R' depth,ft2 R' depth,n' n' depth.tt2 R' n2 Increment,n' depth,n' It' Interval),ft 0 3,529 6,866 21,997 13,494 9,266 34,596 0 0.5 5,929 2,365 8,693 3,890 27,810 24,904 23,957 18,726 10,076 4,836 37,636 36,116 1 -1 7,217 3,287 9,762 4,614 33,834 30,822 36,714 30,336 10,904 5,245 40,804 39,220 2 -1.5 8,619 3,959 10,861 5,156 40,817 37,326 46,415 41,565 11,750 5,664 44,100 42,452 3 2 10,098 4,679 11,988 5,712 48,490 44,654 _ 58,229 52,322 12,614 6,091 47,524 45,812 4 2.5 11,639 5,434 13,145 6,283 54,226 51,358 70,795_ 64,512 13,496 6,528 51,076 49,300 5 3 13,242 6,220 14,331 6,869 61,100 57,663 81,404 76,100 14,396 6,973 54,756 52,916 6 _ 3.5 14,906 7,037 15,547 7,470 68,074 64,587 91,163 86,284 15,314 7,428 58,564 56,660 7 4 16,625 7,883 16,871 8,105 74,753 71,414 101,073 96,118 16,250 7,891 62,500 60,532 8 4.5 88,909 81,831 9 5 104,588 96,749 10 5.5 _ 6 Totals Total Volume,ft' 40,864 48,098 561,306 465,961 50,654 383,008 1,549,889 Total Volume,Acre-GC 0.9 1.1 12.9 10.7 1.2 8.8 35.6 volumewl Freeboard,ll' 25,944 32,524 382,726 283,559 35,336 265,816 1,025,904 Volume ad 2'Freeboard,AcreFl. 0.6 0.7 8.8 6.5 0.8 6.1 23.6 'Freeboard for Settling Ponds is 1 foot. Freeboard for Lagoons is 2 feet. Longs Peak Dairy Stormwater&Process Wastewater Generation(Current) Process Water Generation Calculation(Average Values) _ Process Generatedwaatewatar,GPD 6,000 Surface area of Panda,fl'= 239,157 Exapaame Area,M1'= 122,478 Reap.- Percent Runoff Area Total naval Pan Evap. Evap.Area Total Evap. Process-H1O Net Change Amt.Pupped Vol.in Lagoon Month (inches) Runoff" (Ades) (Acre-Ft) (inches)**" (Acres) (Acre-Ft) (Acre-Ft) (Acre-FL) (Acre-Ft.) (Me-Ft.) Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.81 0.81 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.52 0.76 1.57 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.72 1.32 2.81 0.26 0.57 1.03 2.60 Apr 1.70 6.0% 40 1.12 4.52 2.81 0.90 0.55 0.77 3.37 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.32 5.45 2.81 1.09 0.57 1.80 5.17 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.67 6.43 2.81 1.28 0.55 0.94 0.30 5.81 Jul 1.10 13.0% 40 0.98 7.23 2.81 1.44 0.57 0.11 0.10 5.82 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.02 6.34 2.81 1.26 0.57 0.33 0.40 5.75 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.19 4.93 2.81 0.98 0.55 0.76 0.70 5.81 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.67 3.23 2.81 0.64 0.57 0.60 4.50 1.91 Nov 0.70 5.0% 40 0.44 2.23 2.81 0.44 0.55 0.55 2.46 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.36 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.93 3.39 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.81 4.21 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.52 0.76 4.97 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.72 1.32 2.81 0.26 0.57 1.03 0.20 5.79 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.12 4.52 2.81 0.90 0.55 0.77 0.80 5.76 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.32 5.45 2.81 1.09 0.57 1.80 1.80 5.77 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.67 6.43 2.81 1.28 0.55 0.94 0.90 5.80 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 0.98 7.23 2.81 1.44 0.57 0.11 0.10 5.81 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.02 6.34 2.81 1.26 0.57 0.33 0.40 5.74 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.19 4.93 2.81 0.98 0.55 0.76 0.70 5.81 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.67 3.23 2.81 0.64 0.57 0.60 4.50 1.91 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.44 2.23 2.81 0.44 0.55 0.55 2.45 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.36 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.93 3.39 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.81 4.20 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.52 0.76 4.96 ._ Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.72 1.32 2.81 0.26 0.57 1.03 0.20 5.78 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.12 4.52 2.81 0.90 0.55 0.77 0.80 5.75 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.32 5.45 2.81 1.09 0.57 1.80 1.80 5.76 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.67 6.43 2.81 1.28 0.55 0.94 0.90 5.80 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 0.98 7.23 2.81 1.44 0.57 0.11 0.10 5.81 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.02 6.34 2.81 1.26 0.57 0.33 0.40 5.74 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.19 4.93 2.81 0.98 0.55 0.76 0.70 5.80 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.67 3.23 2.81 0.64 0.57 0.60 4.50 1.90 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.44 2.23 2.81 0.44 0.55 0.55 2.44 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.36 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.93 3.38 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.81 4.19 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.52 0.76 4.95 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.72 1.32 2.81 0.26 0.57 1.03 0.20 5.78 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.12 4.52 2.81 0.90 0.55 0.77 0.80 5.75 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.32 5.45 2.81 1.09 0.57 1.80 1.80 5.75 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.67 6.43 2.81 1.28 0.55 0.94 0.90 5.79 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 0.98 7.23 2.81 1.44 0.57 0.11 0.10 5.80 Aug 1.19, 12.0% 40 1.02 6.34 2.81 1.26 0.57 0.33 0.30 5.83 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.19 4.93 2.81 0.98 0.55 0.76 0.80 5.79 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.67 3.23 2.81 0.64 0.57 0.60 4.50 1.89 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.44 2.23 2.81 0.44 0.55 0.55 2.44 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.36 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.93 3.37 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.81 4.18 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.24 0 2.81 - 0.52 0.76 4.94 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.72 1.32 2.81 0.26 0.57 1.03 0.20 5.77 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.12 4.52 2.81 0.90 0.55 0.77 0.80 5.74 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.32 5.45 2.81 1.09 0.57 1.80 1.80 5.74 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.67 6.43 2.81 1.28 0.55 0.94 0.90 5.78 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 0.98 7.23 2.81 1.44 0.57 0.11 0.10 5.79 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.02 6.34 2.81 1.26 0.57 0.33 0.30 5.82 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.19 4.93 2.81 0.98 0.55 0.76 0.80 5.78 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.67 3.23 2.81 0.64 0.57 0.60 4.50 1.88 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.44 2.23 2.81 0.44 0.55 0.55 2.43 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.36 0 2.81 - 0.57 0.93 3.36 'Precipitation for Longmont,CO,NOAA **SOS.National Engineering Handbook "'Evaporation for Fort Caere.CO,NOAH Maximum needed to pump for Average Years 9.4 Longs Peak Dairy Stormwater&Process Wastewater Generation(Future) Process Water Generation Calculation(Average Values) Process Generatedwastewler,GPD 6,000 Surface area of Palls,ft'= 317,907 Evaporation Area,fl'= 180,974 Preap.' Percent Runoff Area Total Runoff Pan Evap. Evap.Area Total Evap. Process-Hp Net Change NM.Pumped Vol.In Lagoon Month (inches) Runoff" (Aces) (Acre-Ft) (Inches)^` (Acres) (Acre-Ft) (Acre-Ft.) (Acre-Ft.) (Aare-Ft.) (Acre-Ft.) Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.57 0.87 0.87 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.52 0.82 1.69 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.89 1.32 4.15 0.39 0.57 1.07 2.76 Apr 1.70 6.0% 40 1.37 4.52 4.15 1.33 0.55 0.60 3.36 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.67 5.45 4.15 1.60 0.57 1.64 5.00 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.95 6.43 4.15 1.89 0.55 0.61 5.61 Jul 1.10 13.0% 40 1.15 7.23 4.15 2.13 0.57 (0.41) 5.20 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.20 6.34 4.15 1.87 0.57 (0.10) 5.10 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.40 4.93 4.15 1.45 0.55 0.50 5.60 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.80 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.57 0.42 6.02 Nov 0.70 5.0% 40 0.54 2.23 4.15 0.66 0.55 0.44 6.46 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.45 0 4.15 - 0.57 1.02 7.48 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.57 0.87 8.35 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.52 0.82 9.17 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.89 1.32 4.15 0.39 0.57 1.07 10.24 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.37 4.52 4.15 1.33 0.55 0.60 10.84 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.67 5.45 4.15 1.60 0.57 1.64 0.40 12.08 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.95 6.43 4.15 1.89 0.55 0.61 0.60 12.08 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 1.15 7.23 4.15 2.13 0.57 (0.41) 11.67 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.20 6.34 4.15 1.87 0.57 (0.10) 11.58 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.40 4.93 4.15 1.45 0.55 0.50 12.07 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.80 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.57 0.42 4.50 7.99 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.54 2.23 4.15 0.66 0.55 0.44 8.43 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.45 0 4.15 - 0.57 1.02 9.45 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.57 0.87 10.33 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.52 0.82 11.14 — Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.89 1.32 4.15 0.39 0.57 1.07 0.10 12.12 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.37 4.52 4.15 1.33 0.55 0.60 0.60 12.11 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.67 5.45 4.15 1.60 057 1.64 1.70 12.05 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.95 6.43 4.15 1.89 0.55 0.61 0.60 12.06 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 1.15 7.23 4.15 2.13 0.57 (0.41) 11.65 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.20 6.34 4.15 1.87 0.57 (0.10) 11.55 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.40 4.93 4.15 1.45 0.55 0.50 12.05 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.80 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.57 0.42 4.50 7.97 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.54 2.23 4.15 0.66 0.55 0.44 8.41 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.45 0 4.15 - 0.57 1.02 9.43 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.57 0.87 10.30 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 052 0.82 11.12 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.89 1.32 4.15 0.39 0.57 1.07 0.10 12.09 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.37 4.52 4.15 1.33 0.55 0.60 0.60 12.09 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.67 5.45 4.15 1.60 0.57 1.64 1.70 12.03 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.95 6.43 4.15 1.89 0.55 0.61 0.60 12.04 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 1.15 7.23 4.15 2.13 0.57 (0.41) 11.63 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.20 6.34 4.15 1.87 0.57 (0.10) 11.53 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.40 4.93 4.15 1.45 0.55 0.50 12.03 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.80 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.57 0.42 4.50 7.95 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.54 2.23 4.15 0.66 0.55 0.44 8.39 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.45 0 4.15 - 0.57 1.02 9.41 Jan 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.57 0.87 10.28 Feb 0.39 5.0% 40 0.30 0 4.15 - 0.52 0.82 11.10 Mar 1.15 5.0% 40 0.89 1.32 4.15 0.39 0.57 1.07 0.10 12.07 Apr 1.7 6.0% 40 1.37 4.52 4.15 1.33 0.55 0.60 0.60 12.07 May 2.34 16.0% 40 2.67 5.45 4.15 1.60 0.57 1.64 1.60 12.11 Jun 1.87 13.0% 40 1.95 6.43 4.15 1.89 0.55 0.61 0.60 12.11 Jul 1.1 13.0% 40 1.15 7.23 4.15 2.13 057 (0.41) 11.70 Aug 1.19 12.0% 40 1.20 6.34 4.15 1.87 0.57 (0.10) 11.61 Sep 1.34 13.0% 40 1.40 4.93 4.15 1.45 0.55 0.50 12.10 Oct 0.85 10.0% 40 0.80 3.23 4.15 0.95 0.57 0.42 4.50 8.03 Nov 0.7 5.0% 40 0.54 2.23 4.15 0.66 0.55 0.44 8.46 Dec 0.58 5.0% 40 0.45 0 4.15 - 0.57 1.02 9.48 'Precipitation for Lpngrnont.CO.NOAA "SCS,National E gneerig Handbook "'Evaporation for Fan Coins.CO,NOAH Maximum needed to pump for Average Years 7.5 Longs Peak Dairy Nitrogen Application Chart (Stormwater/Process Wastewater) Nitrogen Application Chart(Process Wastewater) (showing the available nitrogen with annual applications on the same site) Process Wastewater: 50% NHs-N 50% Organic.N 30% 1st-Year Mineralization Rate Years after initial application 1 2 3 4 5 Total-N applied, lbs. 12,251 12,251 12,251 12,251 12,251 NH4-N applied, lbs. 6,125.50 6,125.50 6,126 6,126 6,126 NH4-N available, lbs. 17.5% loss during application)** 5,054 5,054 5,054 5,054 5,054 Organic-N applied, lbs. 6,125.50 6,126 6,125.50 6,126 6,126 0/0 Organic-N available (accumulative)""' 30% 45% 53% 56% 56% Organic-N available, lbs. 1,838 2,756 3,216 3,446 3,446 Plant Available Nitrogen Applied, lbs. 6,891 7,810 8,269 8,499 8,499 N available/acre based on 45 acres 153 174 184 189 189 (The chart below is the same as above, but more detailed.) Amount of N applied, lbs. 12,251 12,251 12,251 12,251 12,251 NH4-N available, current yearn 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% NH4-N available, previous year 0% 0% 0% 0% NH4-N available, 2nd previous year 0% 0% 0% NH4-N available, 3rd previous year 0% 0% NH4-N available, 4th previous year 0% Total NH4-N available (accumulative) 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% NH4 available, lbs. 5,054 5,054 5,054 5,054 5,054 Organic-N available, current year*" 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% Organic-N available, previous year** 15% 15% 15% 15% Organic-N available, 2nd previous yearn 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% Organic-N available, 3rd previous yearn 3.75% 3.75% Organic-N available, 4th previous yearn 0% Total Organic-N available (accumulative) 30% 45% 53% 56% 56% Organic-N available, lbs. 1,838 2,756 3,216 3,446 3,446 Plant Available Nitrogen Applied, lbs. 6,891 7,810 8,269 8,499 8,499 N available/acre based on 45 acres 153 174 184 189 189 *"nitrogen percentages taken from Miwest Plan Service, Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Appendix C o Colorado State University Cooperative Extension References Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 16 Best Yanagement _ • Practices For Manure Utilisation col or: Principal author: Reagan M. Waskom Extension Water Quality Specialist Colorado State University Cooperative Extension In association with: Colorado Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Chemicals and Groundwater Protection Advisory Committee The author and the Colorado Department of Agriculture gratefully acknowledge the extensive input and leadership of the Agricultural Chemical and Groundwater Protection Advisory Com- mittee, representing production agriculture, agricultural chemical dealers and applicators, the green industry and the general public. With cooperation from: Colorado Department of Health and Environment USDA Soil Conservation Service — Colorado State Office Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Department of Ag and Chemical Engineering Special Acknowledgments to BMP Technical Review Team: G.E. Cardon, Assistant Professor of Agronomy R.L. Croissant, Professor of Agronomy J.J. Mortvedt, Extension Agronomist G.A. Peterson, Professor of Agronomy L.R. Walker, Extension Agricultural Engineer D.G. Westfall, Professor of Agronomy Layout and Design by: Colorado State University Publications and Creative Services Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work,Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914,in cooperation with the U.S.Department of Agriculture,Milan A.Rewerts,interim director of Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University,Fort Collins,Colorado.Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.To simplify technical terminology,trade names of products and equipment occa- sionally will be used.No endorsement of products named is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned. Published by Colorado State University Cooperative Extension in cooperation with Colorado Department of Agriculture. Best Management Practices for Manure Utilization Livestock manure is rich in plant available nutrients under this regulation. Animal feeding operations are which can be valuable assets to crop producers. However, it directed to employ prescribed BMPs as appropriate to also can be a source of both ground and surface water protect state waters. contamination if improperly handled. Livestock manure contains significant quantities of N, P, and K, and smaller Possible Sources of Water Contamination amounts of nutrients such as Ca,Mg, Mn,Zn, Cu, and S. Improper handling, storage, and land application of Manure properly applied to cropland increases soil fertility, manure presents multiple opportunities for both ground and improves soil physical properties, and saves producers' surface water contamination. Water moving across the land fertilizer costs. surface or through the soil profile can transport salts, The primary constituents of manure or products pathogenic organisms, nitrate, and organic solids, which can released during manure decomposition that may cause water degrade drinking water sources from both underground and quality problems include pathogenic organisms, nitrate, surface water supplies. ammonia, phosphorous, salts, and organic solids. Nitrate Livestock feedlots, manure stockpiles, and storage (NO3) is the most common groundwater pollutant from lagoons represent potential point sources of groundwater fields that receive manure. Recent groundwater monitoring contamination. Research has shown that active feedlots data and computer modeling efforts indicate that NO3 contamination of groundwater can be a problem in the vicinity of confined livestock feeding operations. Runoff from feedlots or manured fields may also degrade the quality of surface water. Regulatory Controls The Agricultural Chemicals and Groundwater Protection Act (SB 90.126) does not directly address the use of manure because it is not classified as a commercial fertilizer. However, the proper management of N fertilizer requires accounting for all N sources, including manure. Best Management Practices (BMPs) prescribed under SB 90-126 will address manure management as a component of proper N fertilizer management to.reduce NO3 leaching. Sewage sludge application is regulated separately under Colorado law (5 CCR 1003-7), and is not directly addressed by these BMPs. In Colorado, state law (5 CCR 1002-19) prohibits any direct discharge of manures or animal wastewater to either ground or surface water. The Confined Animal Feeding Operations Control Regulation mandates that producers who confine and feed an average of 1,000 or more "animal units" for 45 days per year ensure that no water quality impacts occur by collecting and properly disposing of all animal manures, as well as stormwater runoff. Smaller feeding operations that directly discharge into state waters or are located in hydrologically sensitive areas may also fall 1 • develop a compacted manure/soil layer, which acts as a seal to prevent leaching. Compacted layers of manure and soil Manure or wastewater applied to fields also usually limit water infiltration to less than 0.05 inches per represents a potential nonpoint source of water day. It is very important to avoid disturbing this seal when contamination if improperly managed. Nonpoint cleaning pens. Workers need to be trained to correctly use source contamination of surface water may occur if manure loading machinery to leave an undisturbed manure there is excessive runoff or erosion from sloping pack on the surface. Abandoned feedlots have a large fields. Groundwater contamination occurs when potential to cause NO3 leaching as the surface seal cracks nitrate from the manure leaches through the soil and deteriorates. For this reason, pens need to be thoroughly profile to the water table. To determine the cleaned and scraped down to bare earth prior to abandon- pollution potential at your site, the following ment. Revegetation of the old pens is also important to help questions need to be considered: absorb excess soil nutrients and prevent erosion. 1. Is the soil texture coarse (sandy with low Stormwater and wastewater runoff from feedlots can amounts of clay) and the depth to groundwa- contain high concentrations of nutrients, salts, pathogens, ter less than 50 feet? and oxygen-demanding organic matter. Preventing 2, Does the field have greater than a 1% slope stormwater from passing across the feedlot surface by and little surface residue? installing upgradient ditches or berms is a BMP that can 3. Is excess water from irrigation or precipitation significantly reduce the volume of wastewater. Decreasing available for runoff or leaching? your total lot area when animal numbers are low can also 4. Is manure applied at rates greater than crop help decrease the total stormwater runoff. Storage lagoons nutrient requirement? and holding ponds are necessary in many cases to contain 5. Is there surface water or wells immediately excess wastewater until it can be land applied or evaporated. downhill from the field? These should be constructed on fine-textured soils (such as 6. Have recent well water analyses indicated that silty clays, clay loams, or clay)or be sealed with liners or local groundwater has elevated NON levels compacted bentonite. New lagoons must be designed to (> 10 ppm)? contain the runoff from a 25-year, 24-hour storm event and 7. Does the field have a long history of manure should be located above the 100-year floodplain. application? Manure stockpiles should be located a safe distance If the answer to any one of these questions is away from any supply water and above the 100-year yes,manure application at your site may degrade floodplain unless flood proofing measures are provided. water quality. Manure rates may need to be Grass filter strips, filter fencing, or straw bales can be used adjusted downward and all appropriate BMPs effectively to filter solids and nutrients in runoff. For land employed. Additionally, it may be helpful to with a slope of greater than 1%, plant a strip of a dense, sod- periodically test wells near livestock operations forming grass such as smooth brome (Bromus inermis) or and manured fields for NO3 and bacterial contami- orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerate) at least 20 feet wide nation to determine if management practices are around the downgradient side of any feedlot or manure sufficiently protecting water quality. stockpile to filter potential contaminants in runoff water. 2 Managing Land Application of Manure Soil and Manure Testing Manure should be applied to land at rates that match Proper soil and manure testing are the foundation of a annual expected crop nutrient uptake to ensure that excess sound nutrient management program. A number of qualified loading does not lead to contamination. Manure applied in labs in Colorado provide these services. Without a manure excess of crop needs will not increase crop yields,but will analysis, you may be buying unnecessary commercial increase soil N and P to levels that can lead to nutrient fertilizer or applying too much manure to your fields. leaching or runoff. Furthermore, excessive manure rates can Neither practice is economically or environmentally sound. lead to potentially high levels of plant damaging soluble Manure can also be a source of salts and weed seeds, and salts. Manure application should be based upon actual these components should also be assessed prior to applica- nutrient content, soil fertility, crop, yield goal, field slope tion. and drainage, irrigation method, and groundwater vulner- Obtaining a representative sample is the key to good ability. The application rate should be based upon a nutrient soil or manure analysis. Techniques for proper soil sampling management plan which accounts for crop N needs and are available from your local Cooperative Extension office. plant-available N in the manure. If commercial N fertilizer For proper manure sampling, you need a clean bucket and is used in addition to manure, the total available N should sample jar. If you are spreading manure daily, take many not exceed the N requirements of the crop. small samples over a representative period. For periodic The nutrient management approach is the most sound spreading from a manure pack or pile, collect samples from method for the beneficial use of manure. This approach a variety of locations in the pack or pile using a clean shovel requires farmers to account for all nutrient sources available or fork. Be sure that you collect both manure and bedding if from soil, water, fertilizer, and manure and balance them they will be applied together. Agitate liquid manure han- with the best estimate of crop needs. This method helps dling systems before sampling and collect several separate minimize residual nutrient leaching during the off-season samples. Combine the individual spot samples from a and prevents excessive soil NO3 buildup. Producers are particular lot or lagoon in the bucket and mix thoroughly encouraged to have manure, soil, and water tested annually, before filling the sample jar. Keep the sample refrigerated and to keep accurate records of application rates. (See and deliver it to the laboratory within 24 hours. Collect the Manure Management Record Sheet for suggested format.) samples well in advance of your spreading date so that you will have time to obtain test results and calculate the correct application rate. An accurate manure test is an excellent investment of time and money, as it may help you realize significant savings on fertilizer bills while simultaneously avoiding water contamination problems. 3 Table 1. Approximate nutrient composition of various types of animal manure at time applied to the land Type of Dry Total' manure matter N NH4 P2O, 1{20 Solid handling systems % lb/ton Swine Without bedding 18 10 6 9 8 With bedding . 18 8 5 7 7 Beef Without bedding 52 21 7 14 23 With bedding 50 21 8 18 26 Dairy cattle Without bedding 18 9 4 4 10 With bedding 21 9 5 4 10 Sheep Without bedding 28 18 5 I1 26 With bedding 28 14 5 9 25 Poultry Without litter 45 33 26 48 34 With litter 75 56 36 45 34 Deep pit (compost) 76 68 44 64 45 Turkeys Without litter 22 27 17 20 17 With litter 29 20 13 16 13 Horses With bedding 46 14 4 4 14 Liquid handling systems° lb/1,000 gal Swine Liquid pit 4 36 26 27 22 Lagoon' I 4 3 2 7 Beef Liquid pit 11 40 24 27 23 Lagoon` 1 4 2 9 5 Dairy cattle Liquid pit 8 24 12 18 29 Lagoon` 1 4 2.5 4 10 Poultry Liquid pit 13 80 64 36 96 'Ammonium N plus organic N,which is slow releasing. 'Application conversion factors:1,000 gal=about 4 tons;27,154 gal= I acre inch. 'Includes feedlot runoff water Source:Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin 552A,Utilization ofAnimal Manure as Fertilizer,1992. • • Organic N Mineralization During composting, some N is lost from the manure The total amount of N in manure is not plant available as NH3 is volatilized. Most of the remaining N is tied up in the first year after application due to the slow release of within stable organic compounds which will become slowly N tied up in organic forms. Organic N becomes available to available in the soil. Composted manure has less odor and is lants when soil microorganisms decompose organic easier to haul and store than raw manure because the compoundsg such as proteins, and the N released is con- volume and weight can be reduced by 50% or more. The verted to NH4.This process, known as mineralization, composting process produces heat, driving off excess occurs over a period of several years after manure applica- moisture while killing pathogeps and weed seeds. For tion. The amount mineralized in the first year depends upon maximum efficiency, pile temperature during composting manure source, soil temperature, moisture, and handling. In should be maintained between 80°F and 130°F. Most seeds general, about 30% to 50% of the organic N becomes and disease causing organisms cannot survive 130°F for available in the first year (Table 2). Thereafter,the amount more than three days. of N mineralized from the manure gradually decreases, In the absence of better estimates, producers should assume that 50% of the total N in applied manure is available the Table 2. Approximate fraction of organic N first year, 25% in the second year, and 12.5% in the third mineralized in the first year after application year. Producers should give three years of N credit from any application of manure. Manure source Fraction of organic All of the NO3 and NH4 contained in the manure is N mineralized in considered available to plants. However, some available N first year may be lost to volatilization, denitrification, leaching, or Beef and dairy cattle immobilization by soil microorganisms. Deep soil NO3 solid (without bedding) .35 testing should be used in subsequent years to keep applica- liquid (anaerobic) .30 tion rates in line with crop needs. Fresh manure will usually mineralize at a faster rate than old or dry manure because it Swine has not lost as much NH3 to volatilization, and is therefore a solid .50 better media for soil microbes, liquid (anaerobic) .35 Sheep Composting Manure solid .25 A growing number of producers have become Horse interested in composting manure as a way to reduce volume solid (with bedding) .20 and perhaps enhance the value and acceptance of manure as poultry a source of plant nutrients. Composting is a biological solid (without litter) .35 process in which microorganisms convert organic materials, such as manure, into a soil-like material. It is the same Adapted from Nebraska Cooperative Extension Bulletin process which causes decomposition of any organic EC 89-117,Fertilizing Crops with Animal Manures,1989. material,only it is managed to control the balance of air and moisture, as well as the proportion of carbon to nitrogen so that materials decompose faster. 5 • Possible Benefits and Disadvantages of On-Farm Composting Benefits of Composting Disadvantages of Composting Dry end-product that is easily handled Time, money, energy required Excellent soil conditioner Ammonia lost to volatilization Reduced risk of pollution Slow release of nutrients Reduced pathogens and weed seeds Land and machinery requirements Reduced odor Possible odor during composting Marketable product returns to labor and capital that they will receive. If no Fresh manure is an excellent composting material but suitable alternative exists for complying with environmental is generally too wet and N rich to be composted rapidly regulations, or if a significant market for compost is without adding a dry, high carbon (C) amendment. How- unsatisfied, then it may be an excellent way to use manure. ever,bedded pack manure is usually dry enough and has a Be sure to determine if any local zoning or environmental good C:N ratio. Proper moisture content and C:N ratio are regulations are in effect prior to establishing a composting the most important aspects of composting. Microorganisms facility. The composting site should be engineered to avoid require C as a substrate for growth and N for protein runoff or any of the environmental hazards associated with synthesis. A C:N ratio of 30:1 is desirable, with an accept- confined animal feeding. It is probably best to start able range of 26-35:1, depending on the material used. composting on a small scale, using existing machinery such Moisture control is probably the most difficult aspect of as a loader or manure spreader to windrow and turn the large-scale composting in Colorado. If moisture falls below manure, before buying more specialized machinery. 40%, decomposition will be aerobic, but very slow. If moisture is above 60%, anaerobic decay occurs and foul Determining Manure Application Rates odors can be a problem. At the proper moisture, the Once you have an accurate analysis of soil fertility composting material should yield water when squeezed, but and manure nutrient content, you can determine application should not compact or feel soggy. Adding more high-carbon rates based upon crop needs (Table 3). Plant nutrient uptake materials, shaping the windrow to either shed or absorb depends upon crop, growing conditions, and actual yield. It water, covering the pile, turning more or less frequently, and can be estimated by multiplying average nutrient uptake of wetting the pile are all techniques that can be used to adjust the plant by the expected yield. Yield estimations should be moisture levels. based upon actual field averages over a five-year period. While composting allows the application of more manure on less land, producers should carefully analyze the • Table 3.Nitrogen removed in the harvested part of selected Colorado crops Crop Dry weight Typical % N in dry lb/bu yield/A harvested material Grain crops Barley 48 80 bu 1.82 2 tons straw 0.75 Corn 56 150 bu 1.61 3,5 tons stover 1.11 Oats 32 60 bu 1.95 1.5 tons straw 0.63 Rye 56 30 bu 2.08 1.5 tons straw 0.50 Sorghum 56 60 bu 1.67 3 tons stover 1.08 Wheat 60 40 bu 2.08 1.5 tons straw 0,67 Oil crops • Canola 50 35 bu 3.60 3 tons straw 4.48 Soybeans 60 35 bu 6.25 2 tons stover 2.25 Sunflower 25 1,100 lb 3.57 2 tons stover 1.50 Forage crops Alfalfa 4 tons 2.25 Big bluestem 3 tons 0.99 Birdsfoot trefoil 3 tons 2.49 Bromegrass 3 tons 1.87 Alfalfa-grass 4 tons 1.52 Little bluestem 3 tons 1.10 Orchardgrass 4 tons 1.47 Red clover 3 tons 2.00 Reed canarygrass 4 tons 1.35 Ryegrass 4 tons 1.67 Switchgrass 3 tons 1.15 Tall fescue 4 tons 1.97 Timothy 3 tons 1.20 Wheatgrass I ton 1.42 Continued on next page 7 Table 3.Nitrogen removed in the harvested part of selected Colorado crops(continued) Crop % dry matter Typical yield/A (tons) % N in dry harvested material Silage crops Alfalfa haylage 50 10 wet/5 dry 2.79 Corn silage 35 20 wet/7 dry 1.10 Forage sorghum 30 20 wet/6 dry 1.44 • Oat haylage 40 10 wet/4 dry 1.60 Sorghum-sudan 50 10 wet/5 dry 1.36 Sugar crops Sugar beets 20 0.20 Turf grass Bluegrass 2 2.91 Bentgrass 2 3.10 Vegetable crops Bell peppers 9 0.40 Beans, dry 1 3.13 Cabbage 20 0.33 Carrots 13 0.19 Celery 27 0.17 Cucumbers 10 0.20 Lettuce (heads) 14 0.23 Onions • 18 0.30 Peas 2 3.68 Potatoes 14 0.33 Snap beans 3 0.88 Sweet corn 6 0.89 Sweet potatoes 7 0.30 Adapted from USDA Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook,1992. Calculation 1.Nitrogen uptake Calculation 2.Maximum loading rates of manure Example: 150 bu/A corn x 56 lb/bu = 8,400 lb grain/A 1. Example manure analysis (beef feedlot manure,wet 8,400 lb/A x 1.61 % N = 135 lb N/A in grain weight basis; data from sample analysis) (from Table 3) Dry matter 20,0% Total N 1.0% Assuming fertilizer N is 66% efficient: NH 4-N 3,000.0 mg/kg 135 lb N x 100/66 = 205 lb N required/A NO3-N 10.0 mg/kg Be sure to subtract N available from soil, irrigation water, P2O5 0.2% and organic matter before determining final N requirement. K1O 0.5% 2. Available N in manure Total N = 1.0% If manure is applied at the maximum rate, additional NO3-N = 10 mg/kg/10,000 = .001% N fertilizer N should not be applied. Maximum rate is based .001% N x 20 (1b/ton)/% = .02 lb NO3-N/ton upon a one-time application. If yearly application of manure NH;N = 3,000 mg/kg/10,000 = 0.3% N is made, credit should be given to the N mineralized from 0.3% N x 20 (1b/ton)/% = 6.0 lb N/ton manure manure applied during the two previous years. Manures with high moisture and low N content Organic N = Total N - (NO3-N + NI-14-N) require high tonnages to meet crop N requirements. This = 1.0% - (.001% + .3%)= 0.70% Ib/ton /%20 x N may result in application of excessive salts and P. Therefore, 0.70% ( for land receiving frequent manure applications, it is = 14.0 lb Organic N/ton manure recommended that approximately half of the crop N 14.0 lb N/ton x .35 N mineralized/yr(from Table 2) requirement should be met from manure and the other half = 4.9 lb Organic N/ton available in first from commercial N fertilizer. This will minimize the year potential for salt problems or excessive P buildup. Available N= 4.9 lb Organic N + .02 lb NO3-N + 6.0 lb NI14-N Evaluating Sufficiency of Land Base = 10.92 lb N/ton manure for Application 3. Available Pin manure P2O5 = 0.2% x 20 (Ib/ton)/% Livestock producers should determine if they have = 4 lb P2O5/ton manure adequate land for application of manure produced. If the land base is determined to be inadequate, arrangements 4. Crop N requirement-Refer to Guide to Fertilizer must be made to apply manure to other crop lands. To Recommendations in Colorado (Bulletin XCM 37), or a calculate a conservative estimate of the minimum land base current soil test report. required, you need to know the total manure production of Example: N required for 150 bu corn crop = 205 lb N/A your facility and have a manure sample analyzed for N,P, (from Calculation 1) Subtract N credits from other sources and K (Table 4). Then determine the best estimate of annual such as soil NO3, legume crop, irrigation water NO5. crop nutrient removal and divide by total pounds of N per If 205 lb additional N required for expected yield, ton of manure. This will give you an estimate of the Maximum manure loading rate= (205 lb N/A)/ acceptable application rate in tons of manure per acre. Total (10.9 lb available N/ton manure) = 18.8 tons manure/A manure production divided by acceptable tons per acre will 5. Phosphorous supplied by manure give the minimum land base for annual manure application 18.8 tons manure/A x 4 lb P2O5/ton manure = 75 lb P,O5/A rates (Calculation 3). Conversion factors: ppm=mg/kg P x 2.3=P50, ppm-10,000=% Kx1.2=K2O nutrient x 20=lb nutrient/ton 9 Total N can be used to calculate a conservative surface runoff. Delayed incorporation may be acceptable on estimate of safe continuous manure application, as all N will level fields if sunlight decomposition of pathogens or NH3 eventually become available. However, the most precise volatilization is desired. If fresh manure is not incorporated method of calculating long-term application rates requires a within 72 hours after application, more than 30% of the calculation of decay rate over a period of three to four NHa N may be lost to volatilization. The rate of volatiliza- years. Computer software is available to help make this tion increases in warm, dry, windy conditions. calculation. Phosphorus loading should also be considered in determining an acceptable long-term loading rate. In general, P loading is not a primary concern in Colorado Calculation 3.Land base for long-term manure disposal because of the large capacity for P fixation of most Colo- Example: Beef feedlot with 150 steers at 1,000 lb each rado soils. It is recommended that manure be applied on a Total manure produced = 11.5 tons/yr/I,000 lb rotational basis to fields going into a high N use crop such animal(from Table as irrigated corn or forage. In situations where a field is 4) loaded with very high amounts of residual NO3, alfalfa is a 11.5 ton x 150 animals = 1,725 tons/yr good scavenger crop to remove deep NO3. 150 bu corn/A Manure Application crop x 1.35 lb N/bu = 200 lb N/A Surface applied manure should be incorporated as Total N in manure = 10 lb/ton soon as possible to reduce odor and nutrient loss by 200 lb N/A = 20 tons manure/A volatilization or runoff. The risk of surface loss is reduced 10 lb N/ton by injection application under the soil surface, but still may 1,725 tons/yr = 86 A minimum cause problems on sloping or erosive fields. In general, 20 tons/A land base manure application should be avoided on frozen or satu- rated fields, unless very level (less than 1% slope),to avoid Table 4. Typical manure and nutrient production by livestock calculated on an"as excreted"basis per 1,000 pounds of animal Animal Raw manure/1,000 lb animal N P205 K30 (lb/day) (tons/yr) (gal/yr) (lb/day/1,000 lb animal) Beef cow 60 11.5 2,880 0.34 0,27 0.31 Dairy cow 82 15.0 3,610 0.36 0.10 0.27 Broilers 80 14.5 3,500 1.10 0.78 0.55 Horse 50 9.0 2,160 0.28 0.12 0,23 Lamb 40 7.0 1,680 0.45 0.16 0.36 Swine (grower) 63 11.5 2,800 0.42 0.37 0.26 Turkey 43 8.0 1,880 0.74 0.64 0.64 Source:USDA,Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook,1992.Actual amount and content may vary significantly with age,feed ration, breed,and handling. 10 Manure is most valuable as a nutrient source for crops if it is applied as close to planting as possible. However, Calculation 4.Manure spreader calibration manure with a high salt content may affect germination and Example: Manure collected 3 times on a 10 x 10 ft plastic seedling growth of sensitive crops such as beans. If fall sheet application is necessary in order to clean out manure storage (40 lb + 45 lb + 35 Ib)/3 = 40 lb manure average areas,try to wait until after soil temperature is less than 40 lb x 0.22 = 8.8 tons manure applied per acre 50°F to reduce organic and NH,conversion to NO,. If irrigation equipment is available to apply liquid manure, the best practice is to apply manure in frequent, light applica- Recordkeeping tions to match crop uptake patterns and nutrient needs. Accurate recordkeeping is a critical component of any Spreader Calibration manure management program. Keeping accurate records allows managers to make good decisions regarding manure The value of carefully calculating manure application and nutrient applications. Additionally, these records rates is seriously diminished if manure spreaders are poorly provide documentation that you are complying with state calibrated. Proper calibration is essential in order to apply and local regulations to protect Colorado's water resources. manure correctly. Manure spreaders discharge at widely All operators should maintain records of manure applica- varying rates, depending on travel speed, PTO speed, gear tions, laboratory analyses, and crop yields for at least three box settings, discharge openings, and manure moisture and years. (See Manure Management Record Sheet for sug- consistency. gested format.) Calibration requires measurement of manure applied — on a given area. The simplest technique for solid manure is The Bottom Line to lay out a 10-x-10-foot plastic sheet or tarp in the field and New regulations and public concern about our water drive over it at the speed and settings you assume are resources have changed the way that we view animal correct for the chosen application rate. Transfer the manure on the tarp to a bucket or washtub and weigh it. Subtract the manure management in Colorado. This so-called "waste" is actually a useful by-product and should be recycled for weight of the bucket, and multiply manure weight (in beneficial purposes. Proper use of manure can be economi- pounds) by 0.22 to determine tons applied per acre. Best r tally advantageous for farmers, saving fertilizer costs and results are obtained by repeating the procedure three times improving soil properties. Voluntary adoption of BMPs for and using the average value. Adjust the spreader or ground manure utilization can benefit producers and our environ- speed as necessary to achieve the desired rate. Remember to ment. recheck the calibration whenever a different manure source with a new moisture content or density is applied. Using good equipment and the proper overlap distance will ensure better nutrient distribution and help avoid "hot spots" or areas with nutrient deficiency. 11 Best Management Practices For Manure Utilization Guidance Principle: Collect, store, and apply animal Manure Application BMPs manures to land at agronomic rates to ensure maximum 3.6 Base manure application rates upon a site-specific crop growth and economic return while protecting water nutrient management plan. quality. a. Credit of all plant available nutrients from To select manure BMPs that achieve water quality goals and manure, irrigation water, crop residues, residual the greatest net returns for your operation, consider: soil nutrients, and soil organic matter should be • most suitable practice to your site and management based upon laboratory analysis of soil, water, and constraints manure. (See Manure Management Record Sheet • potential leaching hazard of the application site. for suggested format.) b. Use calculated plant available nutrients and the General BMPs crop yield goal to calculate appropriate manure loading rates. Base the yield goal upon an 3,1 Analyze manure for nutrient content prior to determin- ing application rate. establishedOfive-year field average plus a modest increase (5% suggested; see N fertilizer BMPs). 3.2 Credit nitrate (NO3) in soil and manure to crop N c. Use management factors such as handling, fertilizer requirement. Account for all available N from application method, tillage, irrigation regime, crop residues, irrigation, subsoil, and carry-over from cropping pattern, and grazing pattern, and site previous manure application in establishing any factors such as soil texture, slope, and aspect in additional fertilizer requirement. Apply commercial the site-specific nutrient management plan to fertilizer to manured fields only when soil available N modify the prescribed manure application rates. and P, plus nutrients from manure application, do not satisfy crop demands. 3.7 Incorporate manure as soon as possible after applica- tion to prevent surface runoff. Avoid application of 3.3 Use a land area of sufficient size to safely accommo- manure to lands subject to excessive water erosion. date the amount of manure generated by the animal feeding operation (Calculation 3). 3.8 Determine soil type and aquifer contamination potential of the application site. If manure is applied on 3.4 Calculate long-term manure loading rates by using data coarse-textured soils, apply near planting time to on organic N mineralization (Table 2) or other appro- minimize NO3 leaching. Multiple light applications are priate sources. Use soil test data and manure decay better than a single heavy application. constants to determine available nutrients after 3.9 Apply manure uniformly with properly calibrated repeated manure application. equipment. 3.5 Maintain records of manure and soil analyses used for determining acceptable land application rates for three 3.10 Delay fall application until soil temperatures are below years. Also, keep records of all manure applications, 50 degrees symbol F. Application of manure to frozen fertilizer applied, and crop yields. or saturated ground should be limited to lands not subject to excessive surface runoff. 12 3.11 Create an adequate buffer area around surface water and wells where no manure is applied to prevent the For more information about manure manage- possibility of water contamination. ment or specific inquiries about BMPs,contact 3.12 Plant grass strips around the perimeter of surface water Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. and erosive fields to catch and filter nutrients and They have publications,programs,and specialists sediments in surface runoff. ' available to help you answer questions about water 3.13 Apply manure on a rotational basis to fields that will quality. be planted with high N use crops such as corn or Related source material from Colorado State forage. Annual applications to the same field are not University Cooperative Extension: recommended, except at low rates. SIA .549 Use of manure in crop production .550 Nitrogen sources and transformations Storage BMPs 3.762 Economics of composting feedlot 3.14 Locate manure stockpiles a safe distance from all water manure supply wells. Manure stockpiles should be located on Bulletin 552A Utilization ofAnimalManure as areas not subject to leaching and above the 100-year Fertilizer flood plain, unless adequate flood proofing structures are provided. XCM-37 Guide to Fertilizer Recommendations in Colorado 3.15 Divert runoff from manure storage sites away from surface waters by construction of ditches or terraces. Additional resources: USDA Agricultural Waste ManagementFieldHand- 3.16 Avoid mechanical disturbance of the manure-soil seal when cleaning feedlots. book,1992. 3.17 Scrape feedlots or manure storage areas down to bare earth and revegetate after they are permanently abandoned. 13 Fertilizer suggestions for corn • Page 6 Table 6: Suggested zinc rates for band and broadcast applications to irrigated and dryland corn. ppm Zn in soil Relative Fertilizer rate(lb Zn/A)' AB-DTPA level Banded Broadcast 0.1 -0.9 low 2 10 1.0- 1.5 marginal 1 5 > 1.5 adequate 0 0 *Rates are based on zinc sulfate applications. Other Nutrients Most Colorado soils contain adequate levels of available S, and soil tests for available S are not routinely performed. However, some sandy soils may require S applications. Gypsiferous soils contain adequate S. Elemental S is not water soluble nor immediately available to plants; it must be oxidized to the plant-available sulfate (SO4) form by soil microorganisms first. Irrigation water from most surface waters and some wells often contains appreciable SO4-5, so irrgated soils usually are adequately supplied with S. However, some deep well waters are low in S, so water samples should be analyzed for SOq S if soils are low in organic matter and S deficiency is suspected. Availability of Fe decreases with increasing soil pH, but most soils are adequately supplied with available Fe for corn production. Iron deficiencies are most likely to occur on highly calcareous soils (pH higher than 7.8) or on soils leveled for irrigation where the subsoil has been exposed. Visual symptoms of Fe chlorosis are yellow striping of younger leaves. Foliar spray applications of a 1 percent FeSO, solution at 20 to 30 gallons per acre are not always completely effective in correcting chlorosis, and several applications may be necessary. FeSO, solutions are difficult to prepare in the field and other Fe sources may be used. Soil applications of most Fe fertilizers generally are not effective; however, soil application of manure or treated sewage biosolids often is the best method to help correct Fe deficiencies of crops. Sewage biosolids also may contain some heavy metals; heavy metal loading limits to soil are controlled by Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment regulations. There have been no confirmed deficiencies of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo) in corn in Colorado. • . • S( I'\T1( ( Fertilizer suggestions for dry beans J.J. Mortvedt, M.A. Brick and R.L. Croissant' ACTION no. 0.539 Since dry beans fix a portion of their total nitrogen Quick Facts (N) from the atmosphere by Rhizobium species in nodules on the roots, N fertilizers may not be needed except on Legumes, such as dry beans, fix a portion of their soils with low levels of NO3-N. Phosphorus (P) often is total nitrogen from the atmosphere, thus the most limiting nutrient. Dry beans planted in soils nitrogen fertilizers usually are not needed, with a pH higher than 7.8 may be subject to zinc (Zn) except on soils low in nitrate-nitrogen. and iron (Fe) deficiencies. For more information on Apply nitrogen fertilizers at rates based on residual fertility requirements and cultural practices for dry beans, soil nitrates and nitrogen mineralized from soil refer to Colorado Dry Bean Production and IPM, organic matter. Bulletin 548A. To obtain a copy, contact the Cooperative Phosphorus often is the most limiting nutrient for Extension Resource Center, 115 General Services dry beans in Colorado. Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Apply phosphorus fertilizers at rates based on soil 80523 (970-491-6198). test results. Band applications at planting are more effective than broadcast applications. Soil Sampling Most Colorado soils contain sufficient available potassium and sulfur for bean production. The value of a soil test to predict nutrient availability Most irrigation waters contain sulfate-sulfur during the growing season is directly related to how well that helps supply the plant's sulfur needs, the sample collected represents the area sampled. Take surface samples to the depth of the tillage layer (usually 6 to 8 inches). A good sample is a composite of 15 to 20 Adequate soil fertility is a requirement for profitable dry bean production. Prevention of nutrient stress during This information provided by: the growing season ensures optimum crop production and decreases the impacts of adverse environmental condi- tions. Prior to planting, test soils to determine the soil fertility status so appropriate fertilizers can be applied. Beans are sensitive to soil salinity and yield losses can occur on soils with a salinity greater than 2 decisiemens per meter (dS/m) (i.e., 2 millimhos/cm). Yield losses may be severe on soils with salinity values greater than 3.5 dS/m. Soil compaction also can reduce yields by reducing water infiltration and root growth, and increasing the incidence of root rot. 1. J.J.Mortvedt,Colorado State University Cooperative Extension soils specialist,M.A.Brick,agronomy specialist and associate professor,and R.L.Croissant,crops specialist and professor;soil and crop sciences.©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension 7/95.For more information contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work,Acts of May 8 and Tune 30, 1914,in cooperation with the U.S.Department Ciallagg of Agriculture, Milan Rewerts, interim director of Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. UnMVeTS1t}r Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination. No endorsement of products named is intended nor Cooperative is criticism implied of products not mentioned. Extension Fertilizer suggestions for dry beans Page 2 soil cores taken from an area uniform in soil type. Nitrogen fertilizers may be surface broadcast and Sample separately areas with major differences in soil incorporated or band applied in combination with properties or management practices. phosphate fertilizers at planting (starter fertilizers). Use of Air dry all soil samples thoroughly within 12 hours planter attachments with the standard 2-inch by 2-inch after sampling by spreading the soil on any clean surface placement (2 inches below and beside the seed row) is where the soil will not be contaminated. Do not oven- preferred for starter fertilizers, but the N rate should be dry the soil because soil test results can be changed. less than 20 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Place the air-dried soil in a clean sample container for shipment to the soil test laboratory. Table 1: Suggested nitrogen rates for irrigated dry beans Submit a carefully completed information form with (expected yield: 2,000 lb/A). the soil sample. This form provides information so ppm NO,-N in soil Fertilizer rate, lb N/A fertilizer application suggestions can be tailored to your 0- 10 50 specific situation. Take soil samples for NO,-N analyses 11 -20 30 every year for optimum fertilization of crops. Analyze 21 - 30 10 soil for availability of the other nutrients, pH, and organic matter content every three to four years. > 30 0 More detailed explanations of the importance of NOTE: Credits for N in manure, irrigation water, or previous taking proper soil samples are found in Service In Action legumes should be subtracted from the above N rates. 0.500, Soil sampling--the key to a quality fertilizer recommendation, 0.501, Soil test for fertilizer Phosphorus Suggestions recommendations and 0.502, Soil test explanation, available at your Colorado State University Cooperative Dry bean responses to applied P are most likely on Extension county office or from the Cooperative soils with low or medium levels of extractable P. Extension Resource Center. Suggested fertilizer P rates (Table 2) are for band The Colorado State University Soil, Water, and Plant applications related to soil test levels. The main soil tests Testing Laboratory is located in Room A319, Natural and for extractable P in Colorado soils are the AB-DTPA and Environmental Sciences Building, Colorado State sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) tests. Values for both tests University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (970491-5061). are in Table 2. Placement of P fertilizers in the root zone is Nitrogen Suggestions important because P is not mobile in soil. Band application at planting is the most efficient placement Nitrogen fertilizer generally is not needed if dry method for P, and suggested rates for band application beans follow crops that have been properly fertilized. (Table 2) are about half those for broadcast application. However, some fertilizer N may be required to aid in Phosphate fertilizers also may be surface broadcast and straw decomposition when large quantifies of previous plowed down or tilled into the soil. Popup fertilizer crop residues were incorporated into the soil. placement (directly with the seed) is not suggested Dry beans are legumes that biologically fix N because seedling emergence may be decreased in dry soil, through a symbiotic N fixation process. Inoculate bean especially at higher fertilizer rates. Monoammonium seed with the specific host bacteria if dry beans have not phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0), diammonium phosphate been grown recently in a field. Seed inoculation also is (DAP, 18-46-0), and ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) suggested for fields where the presence of the N-fixing are equally effective per unit of P if properly applied. bacteria in the soil is questioned. Base your choice of fertilizer on availability, equipment Because legumes fix N if nodules are functioning available and cost per unit of P. properly, some of the N requirements of the plants are met. However, N fixation is limited in heavy clay soils. Table 2: Suggested phosphorus rates as banded applications Some preplant N may be needed if residual NO,-N levels for irrigated and dryland dry beans. in the soil are low. Nitrogen also will become available ppm P in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, from mineralization of soil organic matter during the A&DTPA NaHCO, level lb 132O,/A season. Dry beans can respond economically to N -_ fertilizers at rates up to 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre, 0- 3 0- 6 low 40 depending on NO,-N levels in the soil (Table 1). 4- 7 7- 14 medium 20 Excessive N levels in the soil often inhibit nodule > 7 > 14 high 0 formation on roots, stimulate heavy vine growth, delay maturity, and provide conditions favorable to insect activity, white mold, and bacterial diseases. Fertilizer suggestions for dry beans Page 3 _ Potassium Suggestions so irrigated soils usually are adequately supplied with S. However, some deep well water may be low in S, so Most Colorado soils are relatively.high in extractable analyze water samples for SO4-S if soils are low in K, and few crop responses to K fertilizers have been organic matter and you suspect S deficiency. reported. However, some highly eroded soils with Iron deficiencies (chlorosis) are most likely to occur exposed subsoils may be low in extractable K. Suggested on highly calcareous soils (pH higher than 7.8) or on K rates related to soil test values (AB-DTPA or NH4OAc) soils leveled for irrigation where the subsoil is exposed. are given in Table 3. The main K (potash) fertilizer is Iron deficiencies (yellowing of leaves) of dry beans KCI, and broadcast application incorporated into the soil usually appear in cool, wet spring weather in irregular prior to planting is the usual method. areas on these high-pH soils. Iron chlorosis often disappears without any Fe treatment, but yield losses can Table 3: Suggested potassium rates for irrigated and dryland occur if chlorosis persists. dry beans. Foliar spray applications of a 2 percent FeSO4 ppm K in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, solution at a rate of 20 to 30 gallons per acre are not AB-DTPA or NH4oAc level lb 11.20/A always completely effective in correcting chlorosis and several applications may be necessary. However, FeSO4 0- 60 low 40 solutions are difficult to prepare in the field and other Fe 61 - 120 medium 20 sources may be used. Soil applications of most Fe > 120 high 0 fertilizers generally are not effective, but applications of manure will provide available Fe for dry beans. There have been no conformed deficiencies of boron Zinc Suggestions (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo) in dry beans in Colorado. The availability of soil Zn decreases with increasing soil pH, and most Zn deficiencies are reported on soils Table 4: Suggested zinc rates for irrigated and dryland dry with pH levels higher than 7.0. Zinc deficiencies also are beans. found on soils leveled for irrigation where the subsoil is ppm Zn in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, lb Zn/A` exposed, on soils with high levels of free lime, sandy AB-DTPA level Banded Broadcast soils, or soils low in organic matter. Maturity may be 0-0.9 low 5 10 delayed in dry beans grown on marginally Zn-deficient 1.0- 1.5 marginal 2 5 soils, so Zn applications may hasten maturity without > 1.5 high 0 0 increasing yields. Suggested fertilizer rates in Table 4 for band *Rates are based on zinc sulfate applications. applications of Zn are based on use of ZnSO4. Effective Zn chelates, such as ZnEDTA, may be applied at about one-third of the Zn rates shown in Table 4. Band application of all Zn fertilizers with starter fertilizers is more effective than broadcast application. Soil test values for extractable Zn using the DTPA soil test are similar to those by the AB-DTPA soil test shown in Table 4. Zinc deficiencies also may be corrected by foliar sprays of a 0.5 percent ZnSO4 solution applied at a rate of 20 to 30 gallons per acre. However, it is difficult to prepare this solution in the field so ZnEDTA or other soluble Zn sources can be used. A surfactant (wetting agent) increases plant absorption of the applied Zn. Other Nutrients Most Colorado soils contain adequate levels of available sulfur (S), thus soil tests for available S are not routinely performed. However, some sandy soils may require S applications. Irrigation water from most surface waters and some wells often contains appreciable 5O4-5, service inFertilizer suggestions for alfalfa, perennial grasses, Iand grass-legume mixtures AI O J. J. Mortvedt, D. A. Smith and R L. Croissant' no. 0.537 Quick Facts so appropriate fertilizers can be applied and properly incorporated. For more information on fertility requirements and Phosphorus is the most limiting nutrient for alfalfa cultural practices for alfalfa, refer to 0.703 Alfalfa forage production. Apply phosphate fertilizers for establishing new stands production in Colorado and 0.704 Recommendations for alfalfa hay quality evaluation. of alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures at rates based on soil test results. Incorporate broadcast applications of phosphate fertilizers into the soil Soil sampling prior to seeding. Apply nitrogen fertilizers for establishing new stands The value of a soil test in predicting nutrient of irrigated forage crops and annual applications availability during the growing season is directly related to how well the soil sample collected represents the area for perennial grasses at rates based on NO,-N levels in the soil. sampled. Take soil samples prior to seedling establish- Most Colorado soils contain sufficient available went so P fertilizers may be incorporated into the soil. potassium and sulfur for forage production; most For established stands, sample in the early fall so P irrigation waters from wells contain sufficient fertilizers can be topdressed prior to winter. Take surface sulfate-sulfur to supply plant needs. samples to the depth of the tillage layer (usually 6 to 8 inches). A good sample is a composite of 15 to 20 soil cores taken from randomly selected sites across a uniform soil type. Sample areas with major differences in soil Adequate soil fertility is one of the requirements for properties or management practices separately. profitable forage production. Alfalfa is the most productive of the forages. It is moderately tolerant of soil salinity, but should not be planted on soils with a salinity This information provided by: greater than 5 decisiemens per meter (dS/m), which is equivalent to the same value in millimhos/cm. Alfalfa biologically fixes nitrogen (N) from the air, so N fertilizers generally are required only for new seedlings during early establishment. If a companion crop is used for establishing a new stand, some fertilizer N may be required if soil levels of NO,-N are low. Phosphorus (P) generally is the most limiting nutrient for alfalfa production, while potassium (K) usually is not limiting in Colorado soils. Before establishing a stand, soils should be tested to determine the soil fertility status 1. J.J.Mortvedt,Colorado State University Cooperative Extension soils specialist,D.H. Smith,professor,and R.L.Croissant,retired crops specialist and professor,soil and crop sciences.©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension 7/95.For more information contact your county Cooperative Extension office. igIssued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work,Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914,in cooperation with the U.S. CO1O§d Department of Agriculture,Milan Rewerts,interim director of Cooperative Extension,Colorado State University,Fort Collins, University Colorado. Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.No endorsement of products named is Cooperative intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned. Extension Fertilizer suggestions for alfalfa, perennial grasses, and grass-legume mixtures Page 2 Thoroughly dry all soil samples within 12 hours after Application of N fertilizers in the establishment of alfalfa sampling by spreading the soil on clean paper or any is not suggested under dryland conditions. other clean surface where the soil will not be Grasses require annual N applications. The suggested contaminated. Do not oven dry the soil because this will N rate is related to the NO3-N status of the soil. Nitrogen change the soil test results. Ship the air-dried soil in a application can increase yields of grass-legume mixtures, clean sample container to the soil test laboratory. but also results in a decline of the legume component. Submit a carefully completed information sheet with Therefore, application of N to mixtures comprised of the soil sample. This form provides information so more than 50 percent of the legume component is not fertilizer application suggestions can be tailored to each recommended. Generally, the proportion of legume will specific situation. For existing stands, test soils for decline with time. Once this proportion reaches 25 nutrient analysis periodically for optimum P nutrition. percent or less, stands should be fertilized with N More detailed explanations of the importance of according to the same recommendations given for grasses taking proper soil samples are found in 0.500 Soil alone (Table 2). Suggested N rates in Table 2 are for an sampling- key to quality fertilizer recommendations, expected yield of 4 tons per acre; these rates should be 0.501 Soil testing for fertilizer recommendations, and adjusted by 40 lb N/A for each ton/A difference in 0.502 Soil test explanation. These fact sheets are expected yield. available at your Colorado State University County Extension office or from the Cooperative Extension Table 2: Suggested nitrogen rates for irrigated grasses. Resource Center, 115 General Services Building, ppm NO,-N in soil Fertilizer rate, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (970- lb N/A 491-6198). 0 - 6 185 The Colorado State University Soil, Water, and Plant 7- 12 160 Testing Laboratory is located in Room A319, Natural and 13 - 18 135 Environmental Sciences Building, Colorado State - University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (970-491-5061). 19-24 110 25 - 30 85 Nitrogen Suggestions > 30 0 NOTE: Use the same N rates for grass-legume mixtures Because legumes usually fix N from the atmosphere, containing less than 25 percent legumes. some of their N requirements are met through this process. Inoculate alfalfa with specific host bacteria if alfalfa has not been grown recently in a field. However, Phosphorus Suggestions some preplant N may be needed for the companion crop in the establishment of alfalfa under irrigated conditions Irrigated Alfalfa if residual NO,-N levels in the soil are low (Table 1). Alfalfa responses to applied P are most likely on Decrease the seeding rate of the companion crop and do soils with low or medium levels of extractable P. not overapply N to avoid shading of the new alfalfa and Suggested P rates (Table 3) are based on broadcast grass seedlings. applications related to soil test levels. The main soil tests for extractable P in Colorado soils are the AB-DTPA Table 1: Suggested nitrogen rates for new seedings of alfalfa. and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) tests. Values for both ppm NO,-N in New seeding with New seeding without tests are in Table 3. soil companion crop companion crop -------Fertilizer rate, lb N/A------- Irrigated Grass and Grass-legume Mixtures 0 - 3 60 20 Table 4 gives suggested P rates for establishment of 4 -6 30 10 irrigated grass and grass-legume mixtures for forage production. Broadcast and incorporate phosphate > 6 0 0 fertilizers into the soil prior to seeding. New seedings of dryland alfalfa generally do not benefit from preplant N. Dryland Alfalfa NOTE: Nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied to established Alfalfa responses to applied P under dryland stands of alfalfa;N fixation activity will be decreased. conditions are most likely on soils with low or medium levels of extractable P. Suggested P rates (Table 5) are Preplant N fertilizers generally are applied broadcast based on broadcast applications related to soil test levels. and incorporated in combination with P fertilizers. Fertilizer suggestions for alfalfa, perennial grasses, and grass-legume mixtures Page 3 Table 3: Suggested phosphorus rates for irrigated alfalfa. during the winter months. Branch roots near the soil ppm P in soil Fertilizer rate, lb P,O5/A surface also may take up applied fertilizer P. Relative The last cutting in the fall should be early enough so level New Established AB-DTPA NaHCO, seedings stands' there is sufficient regrowth to reduce the potential for erosion of P-fertilized soils during the fall and winter 0- 3 0- 6 very low 200 100 months. Base application rates of P fertilizers on new soil 4- 7 7- 14 low 150 75 test levels, but apply about half of the rates suggested for 8- II 15 -22 medium 50 0 establishing stands. Two important factors should be > 11 >22 high 0 0 considered in managing P fertility in established stands of *Suggested P rates for established stands should be based on new soil alfalfa. First, the probability of forage response to test results. topdressed P is greater on soils testing very low to low in extractable P. Second, the probability of obtaining a yield response to topdressed P declines as the stands age. Table 4: Suggested phosphorus rates for irrigated grasses, Most P fertilizers contain N that may not be needed grass-legume mixtures, and pastures. by the alfalfa, except during stand establishment. ppm P in soil Fertilizer rate, lb P,O//A However, few alternate P sources are available. Choose a Relative fertilizer based on availability and cost per unit of P. level New Established AB-DTPA NaHCO, seedings stands" 0- 3 0-6 low 80 80 Potassium Suggestions 4-7 7 - 14 medium 40 40 Irrigated alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures >7 > 14 high 0 0 Most Colorado soils are relatively high in extractable *Suggested P rates for established stands should be based on new soil results. K, and few crop responses to K fertilizers have been test reported. Suggested K rates related to soil test values for three years of production of alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures under irrigated conditions are in Table 6. Table 5: Suggested phosphorus rates for dryland alfalfa. ppm P in soil Fertilizer rate, lb P2O5/A Table 6: Suggested potassium rates for irrigated alfalfa,grass- Relative legume mixtures, and perennial grasses. level New Established AB-DTPA NaHCO, seedings stands` ppm K in soil, Fertilizer rate, lb K,O/A 0- 3 0 -6 low 60 45 Relative Grass- 4-7 7 - 14 medium 45 30 AB-DTPA or NH4OAc level Alfalfa legume > 7 > 14 high 0 0 0 -60 low 200 60 *Suggested P rates for established stands should be based on new soil 61 - 120 medium 100 40 test results. > 120 high 0 0 NOTE: Phosphorus applications are not recommended for grass-legume Suggested rates are for 3 years of production. mixtures and grass forages produced under dryland conditions. The main K (potash) fertilizer is KCI, and broadcast Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement application incorporated into the soil prior to planting is Placement of P fertilizers in the root zone is the usual method of application. Potassium fertilizers can important because P is not mobile in soil. Broadcast be topdressed on established stands to help maintain application followed by incorporation prior to planting is stands. the most efficient placement method for P, and the suggested rates for new seedings in Tables 3 to 5 are for Dryland alfalfa three years of forage production. Under dryland conditions, the suggested K rates in Established stands that are to be maintained longer Table 7 for new seedings are for three years of _ than three years may need topdressing of phosphate production, but those for established stands are for the fertilizer. Test soils in the early fall, so P fertilizers can current year. Potassium fertilizer applications are not be applied prior to winter if needed. While P does not suggested for grass and grass-legume mixture forage move in soil under most conditions, phosphate fertilizers production under dryland conditions. may be washed into cracks in the dry soil during the fall and spring, or be incorporated by freezing and thawing Fertilizer suggestions for alfalfa, perennial grasses, and grass-legume mixtures Page 4 Table 7: Suggested potassium rates for dryland alfalfa. ppm K in soil, Fertilizer rate, lb K,O/A Relative New Established AB-DTPA or NH,OAc level Seedings" stands'" 0- 60 low 45 30 > 60 high 0 0 'Suggested rates are for 3 years of production. "Suggested rates are for 1 year of production. NOTE: Potassium applications are not suggested for grasses and grass-legume mixtures under dryland conditions. Other Nutrients Most Colorado soils contain adequate levels of available S, and soil tests for available S are not routinely performed. Alfalfa has a high S requirement; a 4-ton/A crop removes 20 lb of S/A. Therefore, levels of available S may decrease, especially on soils low in organic matter. Irrigation water from most surface waters and some wells often contains appreciable SO4-S, so irrigated soils usually are adequately supplied with S. However, some well waters as well as snow-melt water are low in SO4-S, so water samples should be analyzed if soils are low in organic matter and S deficiency is suspected. There have been no confirmed deficiencies of boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in alfalfa, perennial grasses, and grass-legume mixtures for forage production in Colorado. • • • s( ['W,,Tj ( Fertilizer suggestions for winter wheat . . Mortvedt, D.G. Westfall, ACTION and J-F- Shanahan' no. 0.544 to 8 inches) or the 1-foot soil depth. Take subsoil Quick Facts samples to a depth of 2 feet for determination of available NO,-N. If the field has been in no-till, reduce Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for winter the sampling depth of the tillage layer. A good sample is wheat production. a composite of 15 to 20 soil cores taken from an area Apply nitrogen fertilizers at rates based on uniform in soil type. This number of soil cores is expected crop yields minus credits for residual especially important in sampling fields where P fertilizers soil nitrates and nitrogen mineralized from were band applied in previous years. Sample separately organic matter, manure, and previous legume areas with major differences in soil properties or crops. management practices. Apply phosphorus fertilizers at rates based on soil Thoroughly air dry all soil samples within 12 hours test results. Band applications are more after sampling by spreading the soil on any clean surface effective than broadcast applications, where the soil will not be contaminated. Do not oven Most Colorado soils contain sufficient available dry the soil because this can change the soil test results. potassium for dryland winter wheat Place the air-dried soil in a clean sample container for production. shipment to the soil test laboratory. Submit a carefully completed information form with the soil sample. This form provides information so fertilizer suggestions can be tailored to your specific Adequate soil fertility is one of the requirements for situation. Take soil samples for NO,-N analysis every profitable winter wheat production. Nitrogen (N) is the year for optimum N fertilization of crops. Soil analyses most yield-limiting nutrient, unless there are high residual for availability of the other nutrients, pH, and organic NO,-N levels in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is the next most limiting nutrient and sulfur (S) may be limiting in rare This information provided by: situations on some soils. Levels of potassium (K) and micronutrients generally are sufficient for wheat production in Colorado soils. Soil Sampling The value of a soil test in predicting nutrient availability during the growing season directly relates to how well the sample collected represents the area sampled. Take surface samples from the tillage layer (4 I. J.J.Mortvedt,Colorado State University Cooperative Extension soils specialist,D.G. Westfall,professor,and J.F. Shanahan,Cooperative Extension agronomist and professor,soil and crop sciences.©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension 7/95. Some recommendations change regularly.Please contact your Colorado State University Cooperative Extension county office for current recommendations. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work,Acts of May S and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Collacts Department of Agriculture,Milan Rewerts,interim director of Cooperative Extension,Colorado State University,Fort Collins, University Colorado. Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.No endorsement of products named is Cooperative intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned. Extension Fertilizer suggestions for winter wheat Page 2 _ matter content may be sufficient every three to four are 10 and 4 ppm, use the N rates in the 13 to 15 ppm years. row in the second column of Table 1. When soil is More detailed explanations of the importance of sampled to a 1-foot depth, use the first column in Table taking proper soil samples are found in Service in Action 1. 0.500, Soil sampling—key to quality fertilizer Table 1: Suggested N rates for dryland winter wheat, as related recommendations, 0.501, Soil testing for fertilizer to NO,-N in the soil and soil organic matter content(expected recommendations, and 0.502, Soil test explanation. Each yield, 50 bu/A). is available at your Colorado State University ppm NO,-N in soil* Soil organic matter,% Cooperative Extension county office or from the 0 - 1 ft 0-2 ft 0- 1.0 1.1 -2.0 >2.0 Cooperative Extension Resource Center, 115 General Services Building, Colorado State University, Fort --Fertilizer rate,lb N/A-- Collins, CO 80523, (970) 491-6198. o - 3 0- 5 75 75 75 The Colorado State University Soil, Water, and Plant 4 - 6 6- 9 75 70 50 Testing Laboratory is located at Room A319,Natural and '7- 9 10- 12 75 45 25 Environmental Sciences Building, Colorado State 10- 12 13 - 15 50 20 0 University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, (970) 491-5061. 13 - 15 15 - 18 25 0 0 > 15 > 18 0 0 0 Nitrogen Suggestions • Concentration of NO,-N in the top foot of soil or the sum of NO,-N concentrations in 1-foot sample depths to 2 feet. Base nitrogen rates for winter wheat on the expected - To adjust N rate for expected yields different from 50 bu/A,add yields for each field. Nearly all wheat requires some N or subtract 25 lb N/A for each 10 bu/A difference(maximum N fertilizer, unless there is a substantial release of available rate is 75 lb/A for dryland winter wheat). N in the soil prior to planting. Give credit for the amount of residual NO,-N in the _ soil. The suggested N rate is reduced 8 pounds per acre Soil organic matter credit for each ppm of NO,-N (average concentration in the soil Nitrogen in soil organic matter becomes available to sample depth) in the soil for a 2-foot sampling depth. The plants through a mineralization process. About 30 pounds method to calculate a depth-weighted NO,-N of nitrogen per acre will be available to the crop during concentration in soil in the root zone where surface and each growing season for each 1.0 percent organic matter subsoil samples are taken is as follows: in the surface soil layer. When a soil test result for Soil layer Measured organic matter is not available, assume a level of 1.5 sampled, Thickness, NO,-N, percent organic matter for eastern Colorado soils. thickness inches ppm Calculations 0 - 8 8 20 8 x 20 = 160 Drvland wheat 8 -2a 16 8 t6 x 8 = 128 Suggested N rates for diyland wheat are given in Table 1 at an expected yield of 50 bushels per acre. 288 Fertilizer N rates decrease with increasing levels of NO,- 288/24 = 12 ppm N in the top foot or 2 feet of soil and increasing soil organic matter content. Suggested N rates in this table do not account for other N credits; subtract these credits Other credits for N include the amounts expected to from the N rates in Table I to determine the N rate for become available during the season from mineralization the field. of soil organic matter, manure and previous legume To increase grain protein content to above average crops. Subtract these credits from the total crop needs to levels (i.e., >12 percent protein), increase the N rate. It determine the suggested N fertilizer rate for the expected takes 20 to 30 pounds of nitrogen per acre to increase yield. grain protein by one percentage point above 12 percent protein. Soil nitrate-N credit Residual NO,-N in soil is immediately available to Irrigated wheat - plants, so decrease the fertilizer rate to give credit for the Table 2 gives suggested N rates for irrigated wheat at amount of NO3 in the root zone. Sample soil to a depth an expected yield of 100 bushels per acre. Fertilizer N of 2 feet in 1-foot or less increments and test for NO3-N. rates decrease with increasing levels of NO3-N in the top The sum of the ppm values for the two samples is used 2 feet of soil and increasing soil organic matter content. to estimate the NO,--N content in the soil. For example, if Suggested N rates in this table do not account for other N the NO,--N contents of the 0-1 and 1-2 foot soil samples credits. Subtract these credits from the N rates in Table 2 Fertilizer suggestions for winter wheat Page 3 to determine the N rate for the field. Late season N There is a strong relationship between protein content applications are not suggested for soft wheat because a of wheat and the N fertility status of a given field. Fields lower protein content is desired. that produce grain with protein content with less than 11 Table 2: Suggested nitrogen rates for irrigated winter wheat, as percent are likely to have N deficiencies. Those fields related to NO,N in the soil and soil organic matter content that produce grain with protein between 11 and 12 (expected yield, 100 bu/A). percent may respond to additional N fertilizer, while ppm NO,-N in soil' Soil organic matter, % those that produce grain with more than 12 percent 0- 1.0 1.1 -2.0 >2.0 protein probably have adequate N for the present grain 0- 6 125 95 75 yield levels. Therefore, protein analysis of wheat will 7- 12 105 75 55 give the producer a good indication if the N fertilizer program was adequate for that season. 13 - 18 85 55 35 This information can be used to help plan N 19-24 65 35 15 fertilization management in future years. The above 25 - 30 45 15 0 relationships do not hold well under extreme drought 31 - 36 25 0 0 conditions; field conditions also should be considered. > 36 0 0 0 For more information, see 0.555, Grain protein content * Sum of ppm NO,-N in 1-foot sample depths to 2 feet(for as an indicator of nitrogen fertilizer needs in winter sample depths of 1 foot only,multiply the ppm value by 1.67 wheat. before using the table). -To adjust N rate for expected yields different from 100 bu/A, add Phosphorus Suggestions or subtract 20 lb N/A for each 10 bu/A difference. NOTE: Increase the above rates by 40 lb N/A for irrigated wheat Crop responses to applied P are most likely on soils in the following counties: Alamosa,Conejos, Costilla,Rio Grande, and Saguache. with low or medium levels of extractable P. Suggested P fertilizer rates (Table 3) are for band (or row) application and are similar for dryland and irrigated wheat. The main soil tests for extractable P in Colorado soils are the AB- Methods and timing of N applications DTPA and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO,) tests. Values Nitrogen may be applied to soil by various methods. for both tests are given in Table 3. Most efficient use of fertilizer N can be obtained by Placement of P fertilizers in the root zone is impor- applying some of the N prior to or at planting and the tant because P is not mobile in soil. Band application of remainder in the early spring. Some growers prefer to starter fertilizers with or near the seed is the most apply anhydrous ammonia in combination with P efficient placement method for P, and suggested rates for fertilizers in a tillage operation during the fallow period broadcast application are about double those for band for dryland wheat. Some N may be applied with or near application. Incorporate broadcast applications of P the seed in combination with P in starter fertilizers, but fertilizers into the soil prior to planting. the rate should be less than 20 pounds of nitrogen per Dual application of N and P together in a band acre because seedling emergence may be decreased in dry improves efficiency of P uptake by crops. Subsurface soil. All sources of N fertilizers are equally effective for placement of P may be especially important for reduced wheat per unit of N if properly applied. Base your choice tillage cropping systems. Monoammonium phosphate of N on availability, equipment available and cost per (MAP, 11-52-0), diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0), unit of N. and ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) are equally Topdressing N fertilizers in the spring is an efficient effective per unit of P if properly applied. Base choice of way to supply a portion of the total N needs of wheat. fertilizer product on availability, equipment available and Producers can evaluate spring-stored moisture and plant cost per unit of P. populations to better predict yield potential in the spring An effective method of band application of P with than at planting, so N needs by the crop can be better hoe drills was developed that allows the P fertilizer to be determined. Granular fertilizer can be broadcast on the banded on the soil surface directly above the seed row wheat just after greenup. Fluid N solutions also may be after row closure. This method is explained in 0.557,A dribble-applied to the wheat crop, although there is some new technique for phosphorus fertilization of winter potential for leaf burn. wheat. Apply nitrogen fertilizers through sprinkler irrigation systems for irrigated wheat. All closed-irrigation systems must be equipped with backflow prevention valves if N fertilizers are applied through the system. Fertilizer suggestions for winter wheat Page 4 Table 3: Suggested phosphorus rates for band application to dryland and irrigated winter wheat ppm P in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, AB-DTPA NaHCO, level lb PsO5/A 0- 3 0-6 low 40 4-7 7- 14 medium 20 > 7 > 14 high 0 Potassium Suggestions Most Colorado soils are relatively high in extractable K, and few crop responses to K fertilizers have been reported. Suggested K rates related to soil test values (AB-DTPA or NH4OAc) are similar for dryland and irrigated wheat (Table 4). The main K (potash) fertilizer is KCI, and broadcast application incorporated into the soil prior to planting is the usual method. Table 4: Suggested potassium rates for dryland and irrigated winter wheat ppm K in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, AB-DTPA or NH4OAc level lb K,O/A 0-60 low 30 >60 high 0 Other Nutrients Most Colorado soils contain adequate levels of available S, and soil tests for available S are not routinely performed. Under rare situations some sandy soils may require S applications; however, research shows that even when yield responses to applied S occur, they are not economical. Irrigation water from most surface waters and some wells often contains appreciable SO4-S, so irrigated soils usually are adequately supplied with S. There have been no confirmed deficiencies of boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) in wheat in Colorado. MANURE MANAGEMENT RECORD SHEET Field description: -- Previous crop: _ __ ____— Yield: Manure tested by: _ Soil tested by: Water tested by: __,____ Crop season: Crop and variety: N Requirement !. Expected yield: bu/A (Past 5-year average + 5%) 2. Total N needed to achieve expected yield: lb/A (expected yield x crop factor/efficiency factor) N Credits 3. Residual soil NO3 credit: lb N/A 4. Irrigation water NO3 credit: lb N/A (ppm NO3-N x 2.7 = Ib/AF water) 5. Soil organic matter credit: lb N/A (credit 30 lb N per% OM) 6. Nitrogen available from previous legume crop: lb N/A 7. N available to crops: lb N/A (sum of tines 3,4, 5,and 6) 8. Plant available N/ton manure: lb/ton 9. Maximum manure application rate: tons/A Total manure applied: ____ _ tons/A Actual yield: ____________________ _bu/A N fertilizer applied: _ __lb/A Total irrigation water applied:______ ___AF Notes: 14 Approximate nutrient credits'from various manure sources(calculated on a wet weight basis) a/, Available nutrients in lb/ton Manure Moisture First year Second year Third year N P105 N N Beef • feedlot 48 10 8 3 2 with bedding 50 10 10 3 2 lagoon sludge (lb/I MOO gal) 89 36 15 10 5 Dairy without bedding 82 6 2 1 I with bedding 79 6 2 1 1 lagoon sludge (Ibn,000 gal) 92 16 10 3 2 Swine without bedding 82 8 5 1 1 with bedding 82 6 4 I 1 lagoon sludge (I6/1,000 gal) 96 38 15 9 4 Sheep without bedding 72 8 6 3 2 with bedding 72 7 5 2 2 Horses with bedding 54 6 2 2 1 Poultry without litter 55 28 26 2 1 with litter 25 43 25 5 2 deep pit (compost) 24 52 35 6 3 Turkeys without litter 78 20 11 2 1 with litter 71 15 9 2 I 'Values given are approximations only.Analysis of manure and soil is the only accurate way to determine nutrient loading rates due to the wide range of variability in nutrient content caused by source,moisture,age,and handling. 'N credit assumes all NI-1;N and NO,-N is available during the first crop season.Organic N becomes available slowly over a longer period of time.First year N credit assumes manure is incorporated and little volitization occurs.P credit assumes 60%of the P is available in the first year.P credit thereafter should be determined by soil testing. Values derived from Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin 552A,Utilization of Animal Manure as Fertilizer,1992. 15 • • s( TsT1( e Fertilizer suggestions for corn J.J. Mortvedt, D.G. Westfall and RL. Croissant' ACTION no. 0.538 Quick Facts assume proper management practices, including weed and insect control. Expected corn yields for individual fields are best Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for corn determined by adding 5 percent to the most recent production. five-year average yield of corn, excluding the years when Apply nitrogen fertilizers at rates based on yields are reduced by hail, early frost, etc. Expected expected crop yields minus credits for residual yields can be increased by using higher yielding varieties, soil nitrates, estimated nitrogen mineralized higher plant populations, or improved irrigation-water, from soil organic matter, previous legume crop weed-control, or tillage management. However, expected residues and manure or other organic wastes, yields should rarely change more than 20 bushels per acre and nitrogen present in irrigation water. in any year. Apply phosphorus and zinc fertilizers at rates Manure is a common source of nutrients and is based on soil test results. Band applications especially beneficial when applied to recently leveled are more effective than broadcast applications. land where top soil is removed. Manure helps improve Most Colorado soils contain sufficient available the soil physical condition and supply N, P, K, and potassium and sulfur for corn production. Most micronutrients to the crop. Hazards from excessive irrigation waters also contain sulfate-sulfur that manure applications include potential weed problems, helps supply the plant's sulfur needs. soluble salt buildup, excessive nutrient levels, potential nitrate leaching to ground water, and erosion of soils high in P. Application rates should be governed by nutrient Adequate soil fertility is one of the requirements for needs of the crop. profitable corn production. Nitrogen (N) is the most yield-limiting nutrient, unless previous manure applications or excessive N fertilizer rates leave high This information provided by: residual NO,-N levels in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is the next most limiting nutrient, while zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and potassium (K) also may be limiting in some Colorado soils. Basis of Fertilizer Suggestions Base fertilizer rates on realistic expected yields and crop needs adjusted for residual available nutrients in the soil as well as NC),-N in irrigation water. These rates also 1. I.I.Mortvedt,Colorado State University Cooperative Extension soils specialist,D.G.Westfall,professor,and R.L.Croissant,crops specialist and professor,soil and crop sciences.CColorado State University Cooperative Extension 7/95.For more information contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work,Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914,in cooperation with the U.S.Department of Agriculture, Milan Rewerts, interim director of Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. University Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.No endorsement of products named is intended nor Cooperative is criticism implied of products not mentioned. - Extension Fertilizer suggestions for corn Page 2 Soil Sampling N rates in excess of crop needs can result in potential groundwater contamination by NO3-N under irrigated The value of a soil test in predicting nutrient conditions. availability during the growing season is directly related Credit should be given for the level of NO,-N in the to how well the sample collected represents the area soil. Other credits for N include the amounts expected to sampled. Take surface samples to the depth of the tillage be available during the season from mineralization of soil layer (usually 6 to 8 inches). Subsoil samples should also organic matter, manure, and previous legume crop be taken to 2 feet deep to determine available NO,-N. residues, as well as NO,-N in irrigation water. These Sample 4 to 6 feet if a more accurate N rate is credits are subtracted from the total crop needs to desired, especially with corn. If the field has been in determine the suggested N fertilizer rate for the expected no-fill, reduce the sample depth of the tillage layer. A yield. good sample is a composite of 15 to 20 soil cores taken Soil nitrate-N credit Residual NO,-N in the soil is from an area uniform in soil type. Areas with major immediately available to plants; therefore, decrease the differences in soil properties or management practices fertilizer rate to give credit for the amount of NO,-N in should be sampled separately. the rooting zone. The suggested N rate is reduced 8 lb/A Thoroughly air thy all soil samples within 12 hours for each ppm of NO,-N (average concentration in the soil after sampling by spreading the soil on any clean surface sample depth) in the soil for a 2-foot sampling depth. The where the soil will not be contaminated. Do not oven- method to calculate a depth-weighted NO,-N dry the soil because this can change the soil test results. concentration in the root zone where surface and subsoil Place the air-dried soil in a clean sample container for samples have been taken is as follows: shipment to the soil test laboratory. Soil layer Measured Submit a carefully completed information form with sampled, Thickness, NO,-N, the soil sample. This form provides information so inches inches ppm Calculations fertilizer application suggestions can be tailored to your 0- 8 8 20 8 x 20 = 160 specific situation. Take soil samples for NO3-N analysis 8 - 24 16 8 16 x 8= 128 -- every year for optimum N fertilization of crops. Soil 288/24 = 12 ppm analyses for availability of the other nutrients, pH and organic matter content every three to four years may be sufficient. Soil organic matter credit Nitrogen in soil organic Soil tests should include the determination of NO3-N, matter becomes available to plants through extractable P, K, Zn, and Fe, as well as soil pH, soil mineralization. Conditions that favor high yields also organic matter, and soluble salts. The results of these soil favor the activity of soil microorganisms that are tests should be correlated and calibrated for Colorado responsible for mineralization. Therefore, estimated soils; fertilizer programs for corn are based on such credits for N released from organic matter are related to studies. expected yields. The suggested N rate is reduced by 14 For more detailed explanations of the importance of lb/A for each percent organic matter for each 100 bu/A of taking proper soil samples see Service in Action 0.500, corn. When a soil test for organic matter is not available, Soil sampling-- the key to quality fertilizer a level of 1.5 percent organic matter can be assumed for recommendations, 0.501 Soil testing for fertilizer eastern Colorado soils. recommendations and 0.502 Soil test explanation. Other N credits. Previous legume crop residues will These fact sheets are available at your Colorado State release N to the succeeding corn crop after incorporation University Cooperative Extension county office or from into the soil. Therefore, reduce fertilizer rates by a the Cooperative Extension Resource Center, 115 General legume credit (see Table 1.) Services Building, Colorado State University, Fort The N content of manure varies considerably, Collins, CO 80523 (970-491-6198). The Colorado State depending on source of manure, handling techniques and University Soil, Water, and Plant Testing Laboratory is in moisture content. Obtain a laboratory analysis of the Room A319, Natural and Environmental Sciences manure for nutrient and moisture content to determine the Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO N credit. In the absence of an analysis, the minimum N 80523 (970-491-5061). credit is 10 pounds per ton for beef feedlot manure and 15 pounds per ton for dairy manure (dry basis) for the Nitrogen Suggestions first year after application and less for the next two years (see Table 1). For more information on the nutrient value Base nitrogen rates for corn on the expected yield for of manure, refer to Utilization of Animal Manure as each field. Nearly all corn crops will require some N Fertilizer, Bulletin 552A, from the Cooperative Extension fertilizer, unless there is a substantial N carryover. High Resource Center. Fertilizer suggestions for corn Page 3 Suggested nitrogen rates in this table do not account for Table 1: Nitrogen credits for previous legume crops and other nitrogen credits. Subtract nitrogen credits from manure application. manure, legumes, and irrigation water from the nitrogen Legume crop lb N/A credit* rates in Table 2 to determine the nitrogen rate for the Alfalfa>80%stand 100- 140 field. Rates are rounded to the nearest 5 pounds of N/A. 60-80%stand 60- 100 For more precise rates, calculate the nitrogen rate for 0-60% stand 0- 60 your field by using the algorithm above, using the Dry beans 30 appropriate expected yield. Manure lb N/ton credit** Table 2: Suggested nitrogen rates(lb/A)for irrigated corn dry basis as is calculated from the algorithm. Beef 10 5 (at 50% DM.") Dairy 15 3 (at 20% DM) ppm NO,-N in Soil organic matter,% Poultry 25 20(at 75%DM) soil 0- 1.0 1.1 -2.0 > 2.0 'For the second year,use 1/2 of the first year N credit. 0-6 210 185 165 "For the second and third years, use 1/2 and 1/4 of the first year N 7- 12 160 135 115 credits, respectively. ***Dry matter. 13 - 18 110 85 65 19-24 60 35 15 >24 10 0 0 Irrigation water may contain NO,-N, which is available to plants. The amount of N contained in 1 'Average weighted concentration(ppm)in the tillage layer and the subsoil layer to 2 feet. acre-foot of irrigation water is 2.7 pounds of N for each N of NO N. Note: Credits for N in manure,irrigation water, or previous ppm i legumes should be subtracted from the above N rates. Irrigated Corn for Grain Production The basis for suggested N rates is an algorithm Irrigated Corn for Silage Production (equation), developed by the University of Nebraska. Nitrogen rate is determined as follows: Suggested nitrogen rates for corn grown for silage production under irrigation differ somewhat because N rate (lb/A) = 35 + [1.2 x EY (bu/A)] nitrogen needs are based on corn forage (tons/A) instead - [8 x average ppm NO,-N in the soil] of grain production (bu/A). The algorithm for corn silage - [0.14 x EY (bu/A) x % OM] production is: - other N credits (lb/A) where EY = expected yield and % OM =percent N rate (lb/A) = 35 + [7.5 x EY (tons/A)] organic matter. - [8 x average ppm NO3-N in the soil] For example, if your expected grain yield was 175 - [0.85 x EY (tons/A) x % OM] bushels per acre with the top 2 feet of soil containing an - other N credits (lb N/A) average 5 ppm NO,-N, 1.0 percent organic matter in the where EY = expected yield and %OM = percent tillage layer, a previous grass-legume crop (30 pounds organic matter. N/A credit), and 2 acre feet of irrigation water containing For example, if your expected yield of corn silage is 5 ppm NO3-N to be applied during the growing season, 28 tons/A, with the top 2 feet of soil containing an the suggested N rate is: average 5 ppm NO3-N, 1 percent organic matter in the tillage layer, a previous grass-legume crop (30 lb N/A N rate (lb/A) = 35 + [1.2 x 175] = 245 credit), and 2 acre feet of irrigation water containing 5 - 8 x 5 ppm NO3-N = -40 ppm NO,-N to be applied during the growing season, the - 0.14 x 175 x 1.0 = -25 suggested N rate is: - legume credit = -30 - 2 acre-feet x 5 ppm x 2.7 = -27 N rate (lb/A) = 35 + [7.5 x 28] = 245 123 lb N/A - 8 x 5 ppm = -40 - 0.85x28x1.0 = -24 Table 2 suggests N rates for irrigated corn at an - legume credit = -30 expected yield of 175 bushels per acre. Fertilizer N rates - 2 acre-feet x 5 ppm x 2.7 = -27 decrease with increasing levels of NO3-N in the top 2 feet 124 lb N/A of soil and increasing soil organic matter content. Fertilizer suggestions for corn Page 4 Dryland Corn Corn roots quickly grow into the soil between the rows. Sidedress N fertilizers early in the growing season Suggested N rates for dryland corn are calculated by to avoid root pruning. Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the same algorithm as irrigated corn. However, expected early cultivation. yields are lower for dryland corn. Table 3 suggests N Application of N fertilizers with irrigation water is a rates for dryland corn at an expected yield of 80 bushels convenient method and allows split applications to per acre. Fertilizer N rates decrease with increasing levels improve N use efficiency. Use in-season soil or plant of NO,-N in the top 2 feet of soil and increasing soil analysis to determine the nutrient status of the growing organic matter content. crop. If the N status of the crop is low or growing Suggested N rates in this table do not account for conditions appear to be above average, apply additional N other N credits; subtract these credits from the N rates in with the next irrigation. Table 3 to determine the N rate for the field. Rates have Nitrogen fertilizers may be applied through sprinkler been rounded to the nearest 5 pounds of nitrogen per irrigation systems. Equip all closed-irrigation systems acre. For more precise rates, calculate the N rate for your with backflow prevention valves if N fertilizers or other field by the algorithm given for irrigated corn, using the agrichemicals are applied through the system. appropriate expected yield. Urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution is the most • • efficient N fertilizer to apply through sprinkler systems. Anhydrous ammonia is not recommended for application Table 3: Suggested nitrogen rates (lb/A) for dryland corn in sprinkler systems because of N losses as ammonia and calculated from the algorithm. problems due to formation of solids in the water. Refer to Soil organic matter, % 0.512 Fertigation: applying fertilizer through irrigation ppm NO,-N in water, for more information. soil* 0- 1.0 1.1 -2.0 > 2.0 Apply nitrogen fertilizers in furrow irrigation systems 0- 6 100 90 80 only in fields where a tailwater recovery and reuse 7- 12 50 40 30 system is in place. For high-efficiency surge-flow --- > 12 0 0 0 irrigation systems, addition of the N fertilizer during the *Average weighted concentration(ppm)in the tillage layer and next to last cutback cycle improves the uniformity of the subsoil later to 2 feet. application. Bubbling anhydrous ammonia into head Note: Credits for N in manure or previous legumes should be ditches may result in N losses as ammonia. substracted from the above N rates. Foliar spray applications of N are not practical since only relatively small amounts of N can be absorbed through the leaves. Also, substantial leaf burn may result if the N concentration in the foliar spray is too high or if Methods and Timing of N Applications sprays are applied during hot, dry weather. Nitrogen may be applied to soil by various methods. Phosphorus Suggestions The most efficient use is by applying N just prior to the rapid growth period 30 to 40 days after planting, when Crop responses to applied P are most likely on soils plants have about six leaves. However, apply all of the with low or medium levels of extractable P. Suggested P fertilizer before tasseling stage to maximize N use fertilizer rates (Table 4) are determined from an algorithm efficiency. Fall application of N is not recommended for related to the soil test extraction used (AB-DTPA or most soils. Some N may be band applied in combination NaHCO,) and the method of fertilizer application. The with starter fertilizers, but the rate should be less than 20 algorithm for determining the suggested P rate for banded pounds of nitrogen per acre. Use of planter attachments fertilizer applications based on each soil test method is: with the standard 2-inch by 2-inch placement (2 inches P rate (banded, lb P2O,/A) = 48 - 5x (AB-DTPA-P) below and beside the seed row) is preferred for starter P rate (banded, lb P,O,/A) = 48 - 2.5x (NaHCO3 P) fertilizers. Use caution with popup placement (directly • where x = ppm available P in soil. with the seed) of fertilizers, including those with K and The main soil tests for extractable P in Colorado soils S, because seedling emergence may be decreased in dry are the AB-DTPA and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO,) — soil, especially at rates supplying more than 10 pounds of tests. Values for both tests are given in Table 4. When nitrogen per acre. All sources of N fertilizers are equally using the above algorithms to calculate the suggested P effective per unit of N if properly applied. Base your rate, a negative P rate means the probability of response choice of N fertilizer on availability, equipment available, is lower at higher soil test levels and application of and cost per unit of N. fertilizer P is not suggested. Fertilizer suggestions for corn Page 5 Placement of P fertilizers in the root zone is to monitor extractable K levels in fields mainly cropped mportant because P is not mobile in the soil. Incorporate for corn silage. The main K fertilizer is KCI (potash), and broadcast applications of P fertilizers into the soil prior to broadcast application incorporated into the soil prior to planting. Band application at planting (starter fertilizer) is planting is the usual method. the most efficient placement method for P, and suggested rates for band application are about half those for Table 5: Suggested potassium rates for irrigated and dryland broadcast application. Subsurface placement of P may be corn. especially important for reduced tillage cropping systems. ppm K in soil Relative Fertilizer rate, Use caution with popup fertilizer placement (directly with AB-DTPA or NH,OAC level lb K,O/A the seed) because seedling emergence may be decreased 0- 60 low 60 in dry soil, especially at rates supplying more than 10 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Monoammonium phosphate 61 - 120 medium 30 (MAP, 11-52-0), diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0), > 120 high 0 and ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) are equally effective per unit of P if properly applied. Base your choice of fertilizer on availability, equipment available Zinc Suggestions and cost per unit of P. Soils that have had manure applications will require Zinc availability decreases with increasing soil pH, less P fertilizer because much of the P in animal manure and most Zn deficiencies are reported on soils with pH is available to the crop in the fast year after application. levels higher than 7.0. Zinc deficiencies of corn have Poultry litter contains more P than beef or swine manure. been widely reported in eastern Colorado soils; they also Do not apply manure to high-P soils because of lower are found on soils leveled for irrigation where subsoil is probability of crop response to P and also potential exposed, or on soils with high levels of free lime. surface water contamination with P due to runoff and soil Incorporation of manure or treated sewage sludge erosion. (biosolids) in these exposed subsoils may correct Zn deficiencies, as well as improve soil structure. :able 4: Suggested phosphorus rates for band and broadcast Suggested Zn rates in Table 6 for banded and applications to irrigated and dryland corn calculated from the broadcast applications are based on use of ZnSO4. Apply algorithm. effective Zn chelates at about one-third of the rate of Zn Fertilizer rate, as ZnSO4. Band application is more effective than ppm P in soil Relative lb PpO/A broadcast application; thus, suggested rates are lower for level band application. Soil test values within the response AB-DTPA NaHCO, Banded Broadcast range for extractable Zn by the DTPA soil test are similar 0- 3 0- 6 low 40 80 to those by the AB-DTPA soil test shown in Table 6. Several Zn sources (both solid and liquid) are sold and 4 - 7 7- 14 medium 20 40 their relative effectiveness and cost per unit of Zn vary 8- 11 15 -22 high 0 0 considerably. Zinc deficiencies also may be corrected by foliar > 11 > 22 very high 0 0 sprays of a 0.5 percent ZnSO4 solution applied at a rate For more precise rates,use the algorithm in'ihe text relating to the of about 20 to 30 gallons per acre, but several soil test method. applications may be necessary. However, it is difficult to prepare this solution in the field so ZnEDTA or other soluble Zn sources can be used. A surfactant (wetting Potassium Suggestions agent) increases plant absorption of the applied Zn. Zinc fertilizers have measurable residual effects, and Most Colorado soils are relatively high in extractable repeated annual applications will result in a buildup of K and few crop responses to K fertilizers have been extractable Zn in the soil. Because of these residual reported. Suggested K rates related to soil test values effects, periodic soil tests are suggested to assess (AB-DTPA or NI-14OAc) are given in Table 5. Low levels extractable Zn levels in soil. As soil test Zn increases to _of extractable K can cause lodging of corn, but this higher levels in soil, decrease Zn rates according to soil ooblem more often is caused by stalk rot than by test results. shortages of extractable K in the soil. Potassium removal from soil is much greater with production of corn silage than grain, but soil minerals generally will release K to replace that which was removed by crops. Use soil tests EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Appendix D o Soil Testing Protocol o Process Wastewater/Stormwater Testing Protocol o Solid Manure Testing Protocol o Irrigation Water Testing Protocol Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 17 EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Soil Testing Protocol o Use a qualified laboratory. o Use the same laboratory year-after-year. o The laboratory typically supplies field information sheets, soil sample containers as well as the proper instructions. In the absence of laboratory-supplied sample bags, use sterile plastic bags. o A typical soil sample consists of one pound of soil. o Soil sample each spring, fields that will have manure applied that spring and/or the coming fall, and fields that had manure applied the previous year. o Sample before manure or fertilizer application, and before planting. o Sample each field separately. o Mark sampling points on a field map, which is to scale. Use the same maps to mark where and how much manure is applied each year. o A sampling point should encompass no more than ten acres and should be evenly distributed across a field. If a field is ten acres or less, then two sampling points should be marked. o Use a coring tool to collect the samples. Collect samples from the 0-24" horizon. Collect one composite sample from each 80 acres of field size. Each composite sample should include 8-12 different sampling points across the 80-acre parcel. Take the 8-12 sub-samples in an"K' or"Z" pattern. Mark the sampling pattern on the field map along with the sampling date and the name of the sampler. o Place the composite soil samples in the containers provided by the laboratory. Mark each sample with the date, sample identification and samplers name. Complete a chain-of-custody form and send it with the samples. o Keep the soil samples cool by packing in ice, and send to the laboratory as soon as possible and by the fastest method available. o Have the laboratory evaluate the soil samples for the following parameters at a minimum: Nitrate-N Organic Matter pH Phosphorus (P) Potassium(K) EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Process Wastewater/ Stormwater Testing Protocol o Use a qualified laboratory. o Use the same laboratory year-after-year. o The laboratory typically supplies plastic sample containers. o A typical process wastewater/ stormwater sample will be from 250 ml to one liter. o Test process wastewater/ stormwater at least once per year or every time wastewater is land applied. o Take at least three sub-samples. Mix them together and submit one composite sample to the laboratory. o Sample wastewater from each pond or basin that will be utilized for land application. Take the sub-samples from different sides of the retention basin. Take each sub- sample from at least 12 inches, and preferably 18 inches, below the surface. o Place the composited wastewater samples in sterile bottles provided by the laboratory. o Fill the bottles completely, with no air space (if air space is allowed, then some of the ammonium will volatilize and the test will not be accurate). o Mark samples with the date, sample identification and samplers name. Complete a chain-of-custody form and send with the samples. o Keep samples cool by packing in ice, and send to the laboratory as soon as possible and by the fastest method available. Make sure the samples will arrive at the laboratory in a cool state within 48 hours of sampling. o If the samples will not arrive at the laboratory within 48 hours, then freeze them and ship them so they arrive at the laboratory in the frozen condition. o Have the laboratory evaluate the process wastewater samples for the following parameters at a minimum: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Ammonia-N pH Total Solids Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Solid Manure Testing Protocol o Use a qualified laboratory. ❑ Use the same laboratory year-after-year. o The laboratory typically supplies plastic bags as sample containers. o A typical solid manure sample will be from one to five pounds. o Test solid manure at least once per year. o Sample solid manure in a manner, which will give the most representative sample possible. Accomplish this by randomly sampling several stockpiles of manure throughout the feedlot/dairy. Take at least four sub-samples and mix them together in a large plastic bucket to make one composite sample. ❑ Do not collect excessive amounts of dirt, manure that is wet, or other foreign material. ❑ Place composite manure samples in sterile plastic bags provided by the laboratory. Fill the bags full and seal well, with as little air space as possible (if air space is allowed, then some of the ammonium will volatilize and the test will not be accurate). o Mark samples with the date, sample identification and samplers name. Complete a chain-of-custody form and send it with the samples. o Keep manure samples cool by packing in ice, and send to the laboratory as soon as possible and by the fastest method available. Make sure the samples will arrive at the laboratory in a cool state within 48 hours of sampling. o If the samples will not arrive at the laboratory within 48 hours, then freeze them and ship them so they arrive at the laboratory in the frozen condition. ❑ Have the laboratory evaluate the process wastewater samples for the following parameters at a minimum: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Ammonia-N pH Total Solids Phosphorus (P) Potassium(K) During solid manure application, weigh several truckloads per day to determine an average weight per load. EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Irrigation Water Testing o Use a qualified laboratory. o Use the same laboratory year-after-year. o The laboratory typically supplies plastic bottles as sample containers. o A typical water sample will be from 100 ml to one liter. o Test irrigation water at least once per year. o Test irrigation water at the peak of the irrigation season. o If using ditch water, take a sample after the ditch has been running for several days. Take the sample at a relatively clear spot in the ditch about mid-depth. o If utilizing well water, take the sample after the well has been running for several days. Take the sample from a spigot near the well. Allow the water to run from the spigot at least five minutes before sampling. o Fill the sample bottle to the indicated line and cap it. o Mark samples with the date, sample identification and samplers name. Complete a chain-of-custody form and send it with the samples. o Keep water samples cool by packing in ice, and send to the laboratory as soon as possible and by the fastest method available. Make sure the samples will arrive at the laboratory in a cool state within 48 hours of sampling. o Have the laboratory evaluate the irrigation water samples for the following parameters at a minimum: pH Nitrate-Nitrogen EnviroStock, Inc. 1/13/2000 Appendix E o Rainfall Log o Agronomic Determination Sheet(Solid Manure) o Agronomic Determination Sheet(Process Wastewater) o Process Wastewater Application Log o Solid Manure Application Log o Solid Manure Removal Log o Retention Basin Inspection Report o Preventative Maintenance Log o Chain-of-Custody Forms Longs Peak Dairy Manure Management Plan 18 EnviroStock,Inc. Jan-00 RAINFALL LOG (Record rainfall after each rainfall event.) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy RAIN GAUGE LOCATION: YEAR: BEGINNING ENDING RAINFALL DATE TIME DATE TIME (inches) Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Total (in.) EnviroStock,Inc. Jan-00 Agronomic Determination Sheet (Solid Manure) • Crop to be Planted: Year: N Requirement 1. Expected yield (Past 5 year average + 5%): Bu/A 2. Total N needed to achieve expected yield: lbs./A (Expected yield(Bu/A) x crop factor abs. N/Bu)} Crop factors: Corn = 1.2, Wheat = 2.5, Malt Barley = 1.5, Feed Barley = 1.7, Oats = 1.3, Rye = 2.5 and Sugar Beets = 6 lbs. N/ton N Credits 3. Residual soil nitrate (from soil test): lbs. N/A 4. Nitrogen Credit from Irrigation water: lbs. N/A (PPM NO3-Nx 2.7 = lbs./AF of water) 5. Soil organic matter credit (from soil test): lbs. N/A (Credit 30 lbs. Nper %OM) 6. Nitrogen credit from previous legume crop: lbs. N/A (Refer to CSU Extension Service Bulletins in Appendix) 7. Total Nitrogen Credits (sum lines 3, 4, 5 and 6) lbs. N/A Calculation 8. Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) in manure: lbs. N/ton (Total N(from manure test)—5%of ammonium-N— 65%of organic-N) 9. Maximum manure application rate: ton/A ((Line 2—Line 7)/Line 8) rig EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Agronomic Determination Sheet (Process Wastewater) Crop to be Planted: Year: N Requirement 1. Expected yield (Past 5 year average + 5%): Bu/A 2. Total N needed to achieve expected yield: lbs./A (Expected yield(Bu/A)x crop factor (lbs. N/Bu)} Crop factors: Corn = 1.2, Wheat = 2.5,Malt Barley = 1.5, Feed Barley = 1.7, Oats = 1.3, Rye = 2.5 and Sugar Beets = 6 lbs. N/ton N Credits 3. Residual soil nitrate (from soil test): lbs. N/A 4. Nitrogen Credit from Irrigation water: lbs. N/A (PPM NO3-Nx 2.7 = lbs./AF of water) 5. Soil organic matter credit (from soil test): lbs. N/A (Credit 30 lbs. Nper%OM) 6. Nitrogen credit from previous legume crop: lbs. N/A (Refer to CSU Extension Service Bulletins in Appendix) 7. Total Nitrogen Credits (sum lines 3, 4, 5 and 6) lbs. N/A Calculation 8. Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) in manure: lbs. N/1000 gal (Total N(from manure test)- 5%of ammonium-N- 65%of organic-N) 9. Maximum manure application rate: 1000 gaUA ((Line 2—Line 7)/Line 8) EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 PROCESS WASTEWATER APPLICATION LOG (Record manure application data every day that process water is applied.) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy YEAR: Date Person Applying Manure GPM Amount Total Field Acres Crop Gallons being of time Gallons Name in to be per Acre pumped pumped Pumped Field Grown Applied EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 SOLID MANURE APPLICATION LOG (Record manure application data every day that manure is hauled.) (For manure applied to dairy property) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy YEAR: Date Person Applying Manure Pounds # of Field Acres Crop Pounds per Load Loads Name in to be per Acre Field Grown Applied EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 SOLID MANURE REMOVAL LOG (Record manure removal data every day that manure is hauled.) (For manure taken off dairy property by others) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy YEAR: Date Person Taking Manure Pounds per #of Loads Total Amount Taken Load (tons) EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 STORAGE BASIN INSPECTION REPORT (Complete this form on a monthly basis.) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy DATE: YEAR: BASIN NUMBER OR LOCATION (if applicable): YES NO N/A Embankment free of visible seepage. Embankment showing no signs of cracking or sloughing. Runoff diversion berms in place and functioning. Vegetation mowed as applicable. Erosion controls in place if required. Trees excluded within root zone distance. No signs of rodent damage. Water level device in place and functioning. Minimum freeboard of 2' present. Manure pumping equipment is functional. Rain gauge in place and functional. Fence in place and well mended. Other: Other: Other: Other: Other: Other: Comments: (signature) (print name) (date) EnviroStock, Inc. Jan-00 Preventive Maintenance Log (Complete this form on a quarterly basis.) SITE NAME: Longs Peak Dairy DATE: YEAR: YES NO N/A COMMENTS Motors of Dewatering Equipment Electrical panel enclosed and free of trash. All components are free of rodent nests. Motors operational. Other YES NO N/A COMMENTS Valves Valves operational. Other YES NO N/A COMMENTS Flow Line Drained before freezing temperatures. Breaks or cracks? Flow line operational. Other YES NO N/A COMMENTS Diversions & Culverts Diversions free of visible seepage. Diversions free of burrowing animals. Culverts not plugged. Other YES NO N/A COMMENTS Other Preventative Maintenance General Comments: (signature) (print name) (date) I I <, Chain of Custody (Soil Samples) Analysis Requested -. 0 Longs Peak Dairy c 13Fir ij z O w 5651 Weld County Rd 42 n �, 5 Johnstown, Colorado 80534 0 = ° w p.w `� ., o n Y rn w 4. 7 '� �' 'i Sampler: (Signature) o ~+ z `� n C° cc. cJCS go O _ o o w v.' aoc `D 2 2 w Location Sampled Date Time c Sample Sample , Er Identification T! Comments I , . . . h. , i r I Relinquished by(Signature) Date Time: Received by(Signature) Relinquished by.(Signature) Date. Tune Received by.(Signature) G Relinquished by(Signature) Dale. 'rune. Received by.(Signature) Relinquished by(Signature) Date. Time Received by(Signature) p _u ElplIP. b C ril Chain of Custody (Manure Samples) Analysis Requested Longs Peak Dairy = 5651 Weld County Rd 42 C9 n N o 7 R ci, b Johnstown, Colorado 80534 0 w o o N i z u, i r) Sampler: (Signature) CD o o ' 0,=" `` Fir `C CQ Uo 0 ~ C4 CA Z (TOLocation Sampled Dale Time 5 n Sample Sample o "g 7 Identification Type Comments I V \ i Relinquished by.(Signature) Date. lime. Received by.(Signature) Relinquished by(Signature) Date. Time Received by:(Signature) w Relinquished by(Signature) Date Tune. Received by.(Signature) Relinquished by(Signature) Date: Time. Received by:(Signature) =l-. rn Chain of Custody (Water Samples) Analysis Requested 7 4 Longs Peak Dairy n . ,O 5651 Weld County Rd 42 co co z o ro w o -cc- 4 n Johnstown, Colorado 80534 O O 2. o n sv Sampler: (Signature) `-I < E Z o o `CD ° o ' -, CM? —t cr lit 'xi CD uO I.eculinn Sampled Date Time „ o Sample Sample CD CD 8'b t- Identification Type Comments 4 I ■ T I t I P 7 I I I 1 — 1 Relinquished by.(Signature) Date. Time. Received by:(Signature) Relinquished by.(Signature) Date. Tune: Received by(Signature) ammilliD) Imo* Relinquished by.(Signature) Date Time Received by.(Signature) Relinquished by.(Signature) Date 'Cite. Received by(SIDetaue) A5 •Milippo. I 1 1 I Longs Peak Dairy,LLC Envirostock, Inc. Management Plan for Nuisance Control A Supplement to the Manure & Process Wastewater Management Plan for Longs Peak Dairy, LLC 5651 WCR 42 Fort Lupton, Colorado 80621 Developed in accordance with Generally Accepted Agricultural Best Management Practices Prepared By §N BVVKdf., 1597 Cole Blvd., Suite 310 Golden, Colorado 80401 January 13, 2000 "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Longs Peak Dairy,LLC Envirostock, Inc. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Legal Owner, Contacts and Authorized Persons 3 Legal Description 3 Air Quality 4 Dust 4 Odor 5 Pest Control 6 Insects and Rodents 6 References 6 "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Page 2 Longs Peak Dairy,tic Envirostock, Inc. Introduction This supplemental Management Plan for Nuisance Control has been developed and implemented to identify methods Longs Peak Dairy, LLC, will use to minimize the inherent conditions that exist in confinement feeding operations. This supplement outlines management practices generally acceptable and proven effective at minimizing nuisance conditions. Neither nuisance management nor this supplemental plan is required by Colorado State statute or specifically outlined in the Colorado Confined Animal Feeding Operations Control Regulations. This is a proactive measure to assist integration into local communities as required by Weld County Zoning Ordinance, Section 47 - Livestock Feeding Performance Standards. These management and control practices, to their best and practical extent, will be used by Longs Peak Dairy, LLC. Legal Owner, Contacts and Authorized Persons Correspondence and Contacts should be made to: Rick L. Podtburg or Greg Marrs Longs Peak Dairy, LLC 5651 WCR 42 Fort Lupton, CO 80621 The individual(s) at this facility who is (are) responsible for developing the implementation, maintenance and revision of this supplemental plan are listed below: Rick Podtburg Owner (Name) (Title) Greg Marrs Owner (Name) (Title) Legal Description The confined animal feeding facility described in this NMP is located at: Part of the SE '/a of Section 24, T4N, R68W of the 6th principal meridian, Weld County, Colorado. "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Page 3 Longs Peak Dairy,LLC Envirostock, Inc. Air Quality Air quality at and around confined animal feeding operations are affected primarily from the relationship of soil/manure and available moisture. The two primary air quality concerns at dairies are dust and odor. However, the management practices for dust. or odor control are not inherently compatible. Wet pens and manure produce odor. Dry pens are dusty. The two paragraphs below outline the best management practices for the control of dust and odors that Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will use. The manager shall closely observe pen conditions and attempt to achieve a balance between proper dust and odor control. Additional reference information on odor and dust control as guidance to the dairy manager is attached in section "References". Dust Dust from pen surfaces is usually controlled by intensive management of the pen surface by routine cleaning and harrowing of the pen surface. The purpose of intensive surface management is twofold; to keep cattle clean and to reduce pest habitat. The best management systems for dust control involve moisture management. Management methods Longs Peak Dairy, LLC shall use to control dust are: 1. Pen density Moisture will be managed by varying stocking rates and pen densities. The animals wet manure and urine keep the surface moist and control dust emissions. Stocking rates in new portions of the facility will be managed to minimize dust. 2. Regular manure removal Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will conduct regular manure removal. Typically manure removal and pen maintenance will be conducted several times per month. 3. Sprinkler systems Sprinkler systems, timed appropriately, are an effective method for keeping dairy surfaces moist. Dairy cattle produce significant moisture through urine and feces. Pens surfaces are extensively maintained for cattle health and milk quality purposes. Longs Peak Dairy, LLC is not planning a sprinkler dust control system for this facility. 4. Water Trucks Should nuisance dust conditions arise, water tanker trucks or portable sprinkling systems will be used for moisture control on pens and roadways to minimize nuisance dust conditions. "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Page 4 Longs Peak Dairy,LLC Envirostock, Inc. Odor Odors result from the natural decomposition processes that start as soon as the manure us excreted and continue as long as any usable material remains as food for microorganisms living everywhere in soil, water and the manure. Odor strength depends on the kind of manure, and the conditions under which it decomposes. Although occasionally unpleasant, the odors are not dangerous to health in the quantities customarily noticed around animal feeding operations and fields where manure is spread for fertilizer. Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will use the methods and management practices listed below for odor control: 1. Establish good pen drainage Dry manure is less odorous than moist manure. The dairy will conduct routine pen cleaning and surface harrowing to reduce standing water and dry or remove wet manure. 2. Regular manure removal Reduce the overall quantity of odor producing sources. The dairy will conduct routine pen cleaning and harrowing several times per month. 3. Reduce standing water Standing water can increase microbial digestion and odor producing by-products. Proper pen maintenance and surface grading will be conducted by the dairy to reduce standing water. The stormwater ponds will be dewatered regularly in accordance with the Manure and Wastewater Management Plan for Longs Peak Dairy, LLC. No chemical additives or treatment of the stormwater ponds for odor control are planned. Research to date indicates poor efficacy, if any, of these products. 4. Land application timing Typically air rises in the morning and sinks in the evening. Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will consider weather conditions and prevailing wind direction to minimize odors from land application. Typically, land applications will be timed for early mornings. If Weld County Health Department determines nuisance dust and odor conditions persist, Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will increase the frequency of the respective management practices previously outlined such as pen cleaning, surface grading and pen maintenance. Additionally, if nuisance conditions continue to persist beyond increased maintenance interval controls, Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will install physical or mechanical means such as living windbreaks and/or solid fences to further minimize nuisance conditions from dust and odors. "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Page 5 Longs Peak Dairy,LLC Envirostock, Inc. Pest Control Insects and Rodents Insects and rodents inhabit areas that 1) have an adequate to good food supply and 2) foster habitat prime for breeding and living. Keys practices Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will use to manage insects and rodents are to first eliminate possible habitat and then reduce the available food supply. Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will control flies by: 1. Regular manure removal Manure management removes both food sources and habitat 2. Reduce standing water Standing water is a primary breeding ground for insects 3. Minimize fly habitat Standing water, weeds and grass, manure stockpiles, etc. are all prime habitat for reproduction and protection. Reduce or eliminate these areas where practical. 4. Weeds and grass management Keep weeds and grassy areas to a minimum. These provide both protection and breeding areas. 5. Minimize stockpiles or storage of manure Stockpiles of manure provide both breeding and protective habitat. Keep stockpile use to a minimum. 6. Biological treatments Parasitic wasps are excellent biological fly control and are widely used. The wasps lay their eggs in fly larvae hindering fly reproduction. 7. Baits and chemical treatments Due to environmental and worker's safety concerns, chemical treatments are a last line of defense for insect control. Baits and treatments must be applied routinely. However, they are very effective. Rodent control at Longs Peak Dairy, LLC is best achieved by minimizing spillage of feedstuffs around the operation. Good housekeeping practices and regular feedbunk cleaning, site grading and maintenance are used to reduce feed sources. Rodent traps and chemical treatments are effective control methods and will be used as necessary. In the event Weld County Health Department determines nuisance conditions from pest such as flies and rodents persist, Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will initially increase the frequency of the housekeeping and management practices outlined previously. If further action is necessary, Longs Peak Dairy, LLC will increase use of chemical controls and treatments, such as fly sprays and baits and Rodendicide for pest control. References "Serving Environmental Needs of the Livestock Industry" Page 6 Hello