HomeMy WebLinkAbout830387.tiff ' AR19i0142 ORDINANCE NO. 108
PERMIT NO. 83-20
PERMIT FOR PLOWING GRASSLAND
APPLICANT NAME: T. S. Collins, Jr.
ADDRESS: 1635 36th Ave. Ct.
Greeley, CO 80634 77)
LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY TO BE CULTIVATED (Map delineating
' the proposed land use change attached) :
o
Pt. W1 SW4 Section 33 , T9N, R66W (70 Acres) zrA
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APPROVED SOIL CONSERVATION PLAN ATTACHED. Yes 2 :,
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PERMIT ISSUED BY THE CLERK TO THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS —
OF WE CO NTY, CO ORADO.
andowneain'
r, Collins, Jr. 2twitehni _
Co-owne ,�`, ,ft4ward
f Weld C unty Clerk & Recorder _ _
Date ` �1 and Clerk to the Board
S E �L:�i
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LJ \�• Dep ty County C1 re��
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This permit is issued pursuant to Weld County Ordinance No. 108
adopted by the Weld County Board of County Commissioners
on May 19, 1982, and requiring the issuance of permits for
the plowout and cultivation of grassland. Pursuant to Ordi-
nance No. 108 , the landowner is required to follow a conserva-
tion plan approved by the local Conservation District Board.
The landowner is advised to contact the local Soil Conserva-
tion District Board for any amendments or updates to the
Conservation Plan .
830387
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F 0807 MARY ANN liFRs.T'E:I N CLERK & RECORDER .LD CO, CO
Township_.__.q _--- Range . {�(a_(�t.) _ , County..__WO�.- . .__ --_ ,State_--.Cotor&do- ,
ORDINANCE NO. 108
PERMIT NO. 83-20
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FORM 50F
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Nay
West Greeley Soil Conservation District e
P.O. Box 86 - Greeley, Colorado 80632 t
RESOURCE OR LAND USE PLAN REVIEW '
APPLICANT PROPERTY OWNER
Name: T. S. Collins, Jr. Name: T.S. Collins, Jr. & W.S. Howard
Address: 1635 36th Ave. Ct. Address: 1000 S. Geneva
Greeley, CO 80634 Denver, CO 80231
DATE OF REVIEW: June 6, 1983
ACREAGE BY LAND USE IN CONSERVATION PLAN:
70 ac. of Non-Irrigated Cropland
LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY TO BE CULTIVATED: (Map delineating the proposed land use
change attached)
70 ac. of grassland to be converted to Won-Irrigated Cropland.
Pt. Wz SW4 Section 33, T9N, R66W
PLAN DISPOSITION: Conservation plan approved as presented.
COMMENTS:
D 0999 REC 31930142 06 '14/83 12 : 1
*tit V S I:: 0814 MART AN iN P"ELll:iRST I::::I.N CLERK & Ptl::a:;£:11 DI:::i IJI:::I...I) i:,U, i'C7
I,it.0 - 'y_ s "s
rtU/S iu i C ' .:;:.f. WEST GREELEY SOIL CONSERVATION DISTRICT BOARD
CONSERVATION - DEVELOPMENT - SELF-GOVERNMENT (Rev. 4/83)
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INSTRUCTIONS
PLANNING AND APPLICATION RECORD
FOR STUBBLE MULCHING
Field Number or Name-Field designation as shown on the Conservation Plan Map.
Acres-From the Conservation Plan Map.
Dom:
Soil of Major Hazard-The major soil of the field, or the soil of greatest hazard if it is more
significant to the field than the major soil. —
Wind Erodibility Soil Group (WEG)-Determined by soils from Guide for Determining Adequate
Wind Erosion Control Systems (Guide) for the Work Unit or County location of the field. a
z
Width of Exposure-The furthest distance the prevailing wind travels over the vulnerable part
of the field. —
Specifications-Determined by use of appropriate Soil Loss tables from the Guide. This is
determined in pounds of flat small grain residue equivalent. (If crops other than small —
grains are grown, this figure must be converted to the grown crop by use of the Chart
to Determine the Amount of Residue of Various Crops Needed to Equal a Given Amount
of Flat Small Grain Stubble from the Guide.)
E
Application-This becomes a record by years of each field at planting time, or other appropriate v
time such as the late fall when new growth has reached its maximum before going dor-
mant for the winter. Enter the amount of all residues on the soil surface, whether
fallowed or tilled, or of stubble standing from the previous crop. This should be con-
verted to flat small grain stubble equivalent. If a part of a field is cropped and the
remainder is fallowed, residue amounts should be entered from both areas.
WORKSHEET FOR (DETERMINING Ai ,UACY
•
01' RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS-
•
•
DRY CROPLAND t
Cooperator T.S. Collins, Jr. Field Office Greeley Date June 6, 1983
r` S1atex' Erosion Calculations
•
Erosion Factors - USL£ Opt j.ona.l
Field Land Soil Soil
Number Use Loss Acres Loss
R K L S• LS . C F 'Tons/AC Tons per
Yr Field
•
N.I. ------..-
1 _ Cropland 50 .20 _ 100 1 _:13 :15 1 0.2
•
Wind Erosion Calculations
— 'y ____ ^�
Wind ''fiourh SJr;ace ^oth SJrface���
Field Land Soil F�ea d =Ni,:�ned- -rlanne�+- t::t'� 'tcd
Number Use Type };rodibility Width -Planned-
small ILs.Fla:' s all soil
Soil grain stubble Grain. stubble Lor.::
Grout'_
or equivalent or equivlent ion /AcN.I. Altvan 3
I •= 86 4001 1000 lbs. 1350 lbs. 3.3
1 Cropla —FSL, _
•
•
I
CQt•i1jENTS: E 0999 REC 019;x0142'. 06,' 2 1
$0•00 13/028
F: 0810 MARY ANN FEUER: -I-EIN CLERK fi, RECORDER WELD CO, Co
•
See planning considerations on back of pane
( Residue amounts at planting time. Technician Forkey& Cobb,___—_
•
�� UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Soil Conservation Service Technical Guide
Colorado Section IV
•
All Field Offices •
October 1981
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
CROP RESIDUE USE - (ac.) 344
Definition B. Each field will be evaluated for
potential wind and water erosion
Using plant residues to protect using the Wind Erosion Curves and
cultivated fields during critical the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
erosion periods.
C. If only one of the erosion
Purpose hazards (wind or water) is signifi-
cant, the land treatment will be
To conserve soil moisture, increase planned
so that erosion from neither
soil infiltration, reduce soil loss, wind nor water will exceed the
and improve soil tilth. designated "T" value for that soil.
Condition where practice applies D. If both wind and water erosion
are significant in a given field,
On land where crop residues are land treatment shall be planned so
produced. that the total soil loss from wind
At
"' and water does not exceed the desig-
Specifications nated "T" value.
I. Non-Irrigated Small Grain - Use E. If the treatment is planned to
the "Guide for Wind Erosion Control control wind erosion the technician
on Cropland" or Agronomy Note #53 will record (1) the amount of
for guidance on amounts of residue residue required on the soil surface
required on the soil surface during at planting time, (2) the unshel—
the critical wind erosion season. tered distance usually described as
This will normally be considered as field width perpendicular to the
the amount of flat small grain prevailing winds, (3) rough—
stubble equivalent residue after the ness factor, i.e. , unridged.
planting operation.
F. If the treatment is planned
A. To calculate residue require-
primarily water ments, average the annual soil loss the technician owill l erosion,
develop alterna-
for the entire rotation or wheat- tives in accordance with the
fallow cropping system. This method Universal Soil Loss Equation for (1)
will show the benefits of residue length of slope (2) cropping
management for the entire cropping management factor and (3) erosion
system. If this method is used the control practice factor.
wind erosion curves will determine
the amount of residue needed but in
no case will the minimum requirement
be less than 500 lbs. per acre of
flat small grain stubble equivalent
' TN at planting time.
TGN #178 B 0999 REC 01 930142 06/14/03 12 : 17 $0
F 0019 MARY ANN f�EUERS (EJ N CLERK c< RECORDER A WELD! D CO, co
344-2 Crop Residue Use
G. Planning Considerations
1 . Subsurface tillage equipment such as sweeps, blades and
rodweeders should be used for most tillage operations.
2. Chemical weed control to reduce the number of tillage operations
is beneficial in managing the residue.
3. Reducing field widths is an effective way to reduce the need for
large amounts of crop residue.
4. When inadequate residue is produced the soil surface will be
ridged by chiseling or listing.
II. Non-Irrigated Sorghums
A. Pounds of residue required through the critical wind erosion period
(November-May).
Crop and Spacing Minimun Required
Residue
1. Drilled sorghums on row 75011
spacing of 20" or less
2. Forage sorghum on 100011
20" - 40" rows
3. Grain sorghum on 150011
20" - 40" rows
When the above residue requirements are met, the practice will be considered
adequate to hold the soil loss to the acceptable "T" level.
B. Planning Considerations
1 . The above amounts of residue will be left on the soil surface
through May or until spring seedbed preparation which usually
occurs in early April. Spring seedbed preparation should result
in a ridged surface for wind erosion protection.
2. When inadequate residue is produced the soil surface will be
ridged by chiseling or listing. Soils coarser than sandy loam
usually require listing to provide satisfactory surface
roughness.
3. Grazing will be restricted on machine harvested crops when
marginal amounts of residue are produced.
USDA/SCS/Colorado/ 10/81 TGN 1/178
:o 0999 [EC 019; 0142 06/14/83 12 : 17 10,. 00 15/0:N3
F 082.0 MARY ANN f EtJERa' .FIN CLERK & RECORDER WELD CO, CO
Crop Residue Use 344-3
III. Irrigated Crops
A. The pounds of residue required on the soil surface during the
critical erosion period are as follows.
Wind Erodibility Drilled Crops
Groups 20" rows or less Row Crops
1 & 2 1500 2500
3 & 4 1000 1750
5, 6 & 7 750 1000
B. Critical Erosion Periods (Modified for Necessary tillage)
1. W.E.G. 's 1&2 Sprinkler Irrigated - Maintain the required amounts
of residue until the planted crop has enough growth to protect
the soil.
2. Gravity Irrigated Row Crops - Maintain the required amounts of
residue as long as feasible after harvest. The cropping system
and method of irrigation are to be considered. If fall plowing
destroys the residue, the field will be left rough and cloddy
until spring seedbed preparation, (about March 1st as a
minimum).
TGN 11178 USDA/SCS/COLORADO/ 10/81
Ft 0'."?'• RE(:: 01930142 06/14/83 12 : 17
F 82i MARY ANN FEUERSTEI,N CLERK & RECORDER WELD CO, CO
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Technical Guide
Soil Conservation Service Section IV
Colorado All Field Offices
March 1983
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION
CONSERVATION CROPPING SYSTEM (acre) 328
Definition Specifications
Growing crops by using a 1. Dry Cropland
combination of needed cultural and
management measures. Cropping a. A cropping sequence such
systems include rotations that as wheat-fallow, wheat-
contain grasses and legumes, as sorghum-fallow or other
well as rotations in which the systems will be applied
desired benefits are achieved that will provide adequate
without the use of such crops. residue for protection
from wind and water
Purpose erosion.
To improve or maintain good b. Crop residues will be
physical condition of the soil; managed in such a way that
protect the soil during periods soil loss is held to an
when erosion occurs; help control acceptable amount.
weeds, insects, and diseases; and
meet the need and desire of c. The Universal Soil-Loss
farmers for an economic return. Equation and Wind Erosion
Formula will be used to
Conditions where practice applies determine adequacy of the
cropping system.
On all cropland and on certain
recreation and wildlife areas. 2. Irrigated Cropland
Planning Considerations a. The Soil Condition Rating
Indices for Irrigated Crops ,
An application of nitrogen should Agronomy Technical Note #52,
be considered in the early stages will be used to determine
of a high residue management the adequacy of the cropping
program to replace that tied up in sequence and soil fertility
the decomposition process. management.
TUN
I3 0999 RI:::C 01930142 06/14/83 12 : 17
$0.00 17/028
F 0822 MARY ANN r EUERSTFIN CLERK & RECORDER WELD CO, CO
a:.�
O =
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Technical Guide
Soil Conservation Service Section IV
Colorado All Field Offices
February 1982
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION
•
CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM (Acre) 329
Standard
Definition
A form of noniversion tillage that I . Zero tillage, slot planting or
retains protective amounts of residue no-till.
mulch on the surface throughout the
year. These include no-tillage, strip This is a method planting into
tillage, minimum tillage and other prior crop residue by disturb-
types of noninversion tillage. ing only the immediate area of
the row. Crop residue is left
Purpose on the surface for erosion
control.
To protect the soil from erosion and
help maintain or develop good soil 2. Strip tillage.
tilth, and desirable water infiltra-
tion rates and water storage. Tillage operations for seedbed
preparation are limited to a
Conditions where practice applies strip not to exceed one-third
of the distance between rows.
On cropland and on certain other A protective cover of crop
lands where annual vegetation is residue remains on the
grown. balance. Tillage and planting
are accomplished in the same
Planning considerations operation.
Conservation tillage provides a pro- 3. Minimum Tillage
duction system that leaves crop resi-
dues on the surface after planting. Limiting the number of tillage
Crop residues are left standing as operations to those essential
long as possible prior to the succeed- to control weeds , improve soil
ing crop to trap blowing snow. Herbi- aeration, permeability and
cides are used immediately following tilth. Sweeps, rod weeders or
harvest, prior to and during planting, straight shank chisel imple-
to control volunteer grain and other ments will be used.
vegetation.
Specifications
This practice is most effective when
carried out in conjunction with other A. The primary objective is to
practices such as strip cropping, accomplish weed control with
terracing and contour farming. no tillage or with a limited
• number of conservation tillage
One of the following conservation operations, so that adequate
tillage systems should be used: amounts of crop residue can be
maintained for protection from
erosion.
B 0999 j: I:::f.; 01930142 06/14/113 12 : 1 7 $0,.00 i £:a/0::8
F 0823 NARY ANN f:EUEfts.i.E:I:N 0...ERK & RECORDER W1.:1...17 CO, CO
TCN #182 2/82
. ..
329-2-Conservation Tillage System
B. The minimum amount of crop residue left on the soil surface after
planting shall be 1 ,500 pounds per acre of corn or sorghum residue, or
500 pounds per acre of flat small grain residue or its equivalent.
C. Soil loss by water and wind shall be reduced to the loss tolerance
established for that soil. The Universal Soil Loss Equation and the
Wind Erosion formula can be used to arrive at the amount of residue
necessary to keep the soil loss within limits.
Table 1 — A Guide for Estimating Residue Reduction from Tillage Operations
Approximate Percent of
Residue Reduction After
One Trip or Pass Over
Tillage Operation the Field
Rod Weeder 10
Sweeps (30" or more) 10
Rod Weeder and Semichisel 15
Field Cultivator — (16-18 inch sweeps) 25
Till Planter 20
Chisel Plow (straight shanks)
20
Chisel Plow (twisted shank) 50
One—Way or Tandem Disc 50
Moldboard Plow 75-100
D. On systems where tillage operations are permitted:
1. Subsurface tillage equipment should be used to keep the residue on
the soil surface.
2. On soils that tend to crust, or with some slope to them, a chisel
type implement may need to be used after harvest to increase water
infiltration and reduce soil loss due to runoff.
3. Chemicals may be used to aid in reducing or eliminating tillage
operations. Use manufacturers labels or Colorado Weed Control
Handbook for specific rate recommendations. The following options
are recommended.
a. Fall sweep (4 inches deep) plus Atrazine. Fall sweep
immediately (within two weeks) after wheat harvest to kill
existing vegetation. Atrazine applied immediately following
fall sweep will kill volunteer wheat and weeds until the next
summer. Limit summer tillage operations prior to planting.
b. Apply a combination of non—selective contact or non—residual
herbicides (such as Paraquat or Roundup) plus Atrazine to kill
existing weeds and for long—term weed control. Limit summer
tillage operations.
B 0999 RE C: 01 9301 42 06/14/83 1 : 1 7' $0. 00 19/028
F 0824 MARY ANN I.I:nub:R,S . E:I:N CL..ERK y. p{I;::rnRDE:R WELD CO, CO
TGN #182 2/82
• Conservation Tillage System 329-3
`, c. Contact herbicide plus Bladex, Igran or other short residual
(45-60 days) may be used for spring application to eliminate
early spring and early summer tillage. Limit summer tillage
operations.
d. 2-4D Butyl Ester plus atrazine or a short residual triazine is
an economical alternative if approximately 90% of the fall weeds
are broadleaf. Limit summer tillage operations.
E. For no-till systems:
1. Conventional tillage operations will not be used to control volun-
teer crop growth or annual forbs and grasses. On soils with a heavy
clay or silty surface that tend to seal, a light crust breaking may
be needed using sweeps or a chisel using straight shanks.
a. Wheat-fallow (chemical only) - Use of chemicals to eliminate
tillage operations. The following is required:
(1) Contact herbicides, such as Paraquat or Roundup, plus
atrazine or residual and tank mixes such as atrazine-Bladex
and atrazine-Igran shall be applied immediately following
harvest to kill existing weeds and give long-term weed
control.
(2) A short residual herbicide may be used for spring applica-
tion if necessary to control weeds to substitute for
tillage operations normally used.
(3) A slot or no-till planter or grain drill shall be used that
will disturb not more than 25% of the soil surface.
b. Corn, sorghum, and small grains (chemical only) . Use of chemi-
cals to eliminate tillage operations in irrigated cropland or
annual cropping systems. The following is required:
(1) A contact herbicide plus Bladex, Igran or other short
residual (45-60 days) may be used for spring application if
needed to control weeds to eliminate early spring and early
summer tillage.
(2) A slot or no-till planter or adequate grain drill shall he
used that will disturb not more than 25% of the soil
• surface.
(3) Atrazine may be used in a wheat-sorghum-fallow or a wheat-
corn-fallow sequence.
F. Farmers must be made aware of the hazards involved in using residual
herbicides.
D 0`'"9 hi:::(:: 019:50142 06/14/83 12 1 ' :i0 A0 20/028
F 0632.MARY ANN P'li::(.aERSIF I N CLERK & RECORDER WELD CO, CO
TGN 11182 2/82
329-4-Conservation Tillage System
1 . Caution must be exercised in use of atrazine on soils with a pH of !p
7.5 or higher.
2. Caution should be taken when applying long residual herbicides
annually so no overlap or carry-over effect of chemical occurs.
3 . A minimum of 20 gallons of water, preferably 30, will be needed to
get adequate coverage of chemical.
4. For more uniform application, large volume sprayers with wide stable
boom coverage are preferred over small units with narrow coverage.
The wider swath should result in fewer overlaps or skips. Dust
should be held to a minimum as it deactivates some herbicides.
Nozzle spacing should not be greater than 40 inches for uniform
distribution.
G. Specific chemical recommendations shall be in accordance with container
labels and/or Colorado Weed Control Handbook.
Trade names were used in this standard only to make the information more
understandable. This does not imply endorsement of certain products or
criticism of products not named or mentioned.
i
B 0999 E;I:::f:. 01930142 06/14/0:3 17 : 1 7
F 08':?ti MARY ANN FE:MRSFI::::I:N CLERK & f?E::(IfaEtl)$0 WE71...1i (: p/0.0 CO
�'n
TGN #182 2/82
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Technical Guide
Soil Conservation Service Section Iv
Colorado
All Field Offices
March 1983
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION
STRIPCROPPING, WIND (Code 589)
B. Strips will run approxi-
Standard mately
perpendicular to
Definition the prevailing wind
direction.
Growing wind-resisting crops in C. Maximum Strip Widths
strips alternating with row crops
(narrower
or fallow and arranged at angles strips provide
better protection and
to offset adverse wind effects. require less
q protective
cover) .
Purpose
1. 0-2% slope, 660 feet
To reduce wind velocity at the
soil surface, thereby reducing widths (40 rods) .
soil blowing and damage to crops. 2. 2-5% slope, 330 feet
To trap snow and increase stored widths (20 rods) .
soil moisture.
41
'i''7 3. 5% or greater slope, 165
Where applicable feet widths (10 rods) .
On cropland subject to soil D. Wheat stubble in the
blowing and where needed as part protective strips will be
of a cropping system for snow left standing through the
catchment and moisture critical erosion period.
conservation. (Nov. through May) .
Specifications E. A minimum of 5001 of
residue will be left on
Follow guidance set forth in
"Guide for Wind Erosion Control lathe soil surface after
p
on Cropland in Great Plains WEG's
for s 1 , 2, soils in
2, 3 & 4. If the
States" (Revised 1976) , or Guide for Wind Erosion
Agronomy Technical Note #53, to Control or Technical Note
calculate widths of wind strips. #53 indicate larger
amounts are needed, then
I. Wheat—Fallow Systems those amounts should be
left on the surface after
A. Strips of wheat will he
planting.
planted alternately with
the stubble from the
previous crop; in
approximately equal
widths to facilitate
rotation. q
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II. Annual Row Crop Systems
A. Strips of high residue producing crops will be' grown in alternate •
strips with erosion susceptible crops. Strips will be approximately
perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction.
B. Width and spacing of protective strips:
1. Row Crop Plants — Minimum width of protective strips will be the
equivalent width of 4 rows spaced 40 inches apart. Spacing
between strips will not exceed 30 feet .
2. Drilled Plants — Minimum width of protective strips will be two
rows (12" — 20" spacing) and the spacing between strips will not
exceed 30 feet.
C. The protective crop will be harvested with a combine or mowed leaving
the stubble 12 to 18 inches tall. The protective residue will be
left on the soil surface through the critical wind erosion season
(Nov—May) or until the seedbed is prepared for the following crop
which is expected to occur in early April. Spring seedbed
preparation should result in a ridged surface for wind erosion
protection.
III. Perennial Tall Grass Barriers
A. Only tall growing species such as tall wheatgrass , switchgrass , big
bluestem, sand bluestem, Basin wildrye and Indiangrass will be
planted. Range site descriptions and Critical Area Planting
specifications will be used to determine specie adaptation.
B . Seedbed preparation will consist of only those operations necessary
to assure a firm soil condition relatively free of weeds. Planting
in residue from a previous crop is acceptable.
C. Colorado Agronomy Note No. 61 will be used to determine amounts of
seed to plant.
D. Barriers shall consist of at least two rows of grass spaced .10-40
inches apart as a minimum.
E. Optimum barrier spacing will be determined using the Guide for Wind
Erosion Control and will be designed as close to this optimum as
possible considering equipment widths.
F. Weed control will be practiced as needed to control competition until
grass is well established.
G. Barriers will be periodically mowed or clipped to a minimum height of
8-10 inches to encourage regrowth and prevent decadent stands from
developing.
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detailed soil map units
The map units on the detailed soil maps at the back bf This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas
this survey represent the soils in the survey area. The have little or no soil material and support little or no
map unit descriptions in this section, along with the soil vegetation. Badland is an example. Miscellaneous areas
maps, can be used to determine the suitability and are shown on the soil maps. Some that are too small to
potential of a soil for specific uses. They also can be be shown are identified by a special symbol on the soil
used to plan the management needed for those uses. maps.
More information on each map unit, or soil, is given Table 1 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of
under "Use and management of the soils." each map unit. Other tables (see "Summary of tables")
Each map unit on the detailed soil maps represents an give properties of the soils and the limitations,
area on the landscape and consists of one or more soils capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossary
for which the unit is named. defines many of the terms used in describing the soils.
A symbol identifying the soil precedes the map unit
name in the soil descriptions. Each description includes map unit descriptions
general facts about the soil and gives the principal
hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for 1—Altvan fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes.
specific uses. This deep, well drained soil is on smooth to moderately
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up dissected plains. It formed in calcareous gravelly
a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the alluvium.
surface layer or of the underlying material, all the soils of Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown fine
a mpos have major horizons s, rrthant are t in sandy loam 6 inches thick. The subsoil is sandy clay
composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface loam 16 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous
layer or of the underlying material. They also can differ in sandy clay loam 5 inches thick over gravelly coarse sand
slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of erosion, that extends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In some
and other characteristics that affect their use. On the areas the surface layer is loam.
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil Included in this unit are small areas of Ascalon fine
phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil sandy loam, Peetz gravelly sandy loam, and Cascajo
maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil gravelly sandy loam.
phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or Permeability of this Altvan soil is moderate. Available
management. For example, Ascalon fine sandy loam, 0 water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting depth is 60
to 6 percent slopes, is one of several phases in the inches or more. Runoff is slow to medium, and the
Ascalon series. hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. The
Some map units are made up of two or more major hazard of soil blowing is moderate.
soils. These map units are called soil complexes. This unit is used for nonirrigated crops and as
A soil complex consists of two or more soils in such rangeland. Winter wheat is the main crop.
an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they This unit is suited to winter wheat, barley, oats, and
cannot be shown separately on the soil maps. The sorghum. Because precipitation is not sufficient for
pattern and proportion of the soils are somewhat similar annual cropping, a cropping system that includes small
in all areas. Kim-Mitchell complex is an example. grain and summer fallow is most suitable. Precipitation
Most map units include small scattered areas of soils usually is too low for crops on this unit to make efficient
other than those for which the map unit is named. Some use of fertilizer.
of these included soils have properties that differ Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface
substantially from those of the major soil or soils. Such reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to
differences could significantly affect use and maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble
management of the soils in the map unit. The included mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to
soils are identified in each map unit description. Some control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce
small areas of strongly contrasting soils are identified by runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve
a special symbol on the soil maps. moisture.
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12 Soil survey
The potential plant community on this unit is mainly use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing,
blue grama, needleandthread, western wheatgrass, and and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed,
prairie sandreed. The average annual production of air- protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface
dry vegetation ranges from 500 to 1,600 pounds. layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in
If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for
forage plants decreases and the proportion of less grazing.
preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock This unit is well suited to windbreaks and
grazing should be managed so that the desired balance environmental plantings. Supplemental irrigation may be
of preferred species is maintained in the plant needed when planting and during dry periods.
community. This map unit is in capability subclass Vle,
Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor nonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site.
condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet
the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or 3—Argiustolls-Rock outcrop complex, 0 to 9
both. Other management practices that are suitable for percent slopes. This map unit is on slightly dissected to
use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, moderately dissected plains.
and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, This unit is about 45 percent Argiustolls and about 35
protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface percent Rock outcrop. The individual components of this
layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in unit are in areas so narrow that it was not practical to
the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for map them separately at the scale used.
grazing. Included in this unit are small areas of Olney, Renohill,
This unit is well suited to windbreaks and and Stoneham soils. Included areas make up about 20
environmental plantings. Supplemental irrigation may be percent of the total acreage.
needed when planting and during dry periods. Argiustolls are deep, well drained, dark-colored soils.
This map unit is in capability subclass We, The surface layer is loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam.
nonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. The subsoil is sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
loam. The content of clay in the subsoil increases with
2—Altvan fine sandy loam, 6 to 9 percent slopes. depth. The substratum is calcareous loam, silt loam, or
This deep, well drained soil is on highly dissected plains. sandy loam.
It formed in calcareous gravelly alluvium. Permeability of the Argiustolls is moderate. Available
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown fine water capacity is moderate to high. Effective rooting
sandy loam 3 inches thick. The subsoil is sandy clay depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium to rapid,
loam 16 inches thick. The substratum is calcareous and the hazard of water erosion is slight to high. The
sandy clay loam 4 inches thick over gravelly coarse sand hazard of soil blowing is moderate.
that extends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In some Rock outcrop consists mainly of exposed areas of
areas the surface layer is loam. sandstone scattered throughout the unit.
Included in this unit are small areas of Ascalon fine This unit is used as rangeland.
sandy loam, Peetz gravelly sandy loam, and Cascajo The potential plant community on the Argiustolls is
gravelly sandy loam. mainly blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and
Permeability of this Altvan soil is moderate. Available buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry
water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting depth is 60 vegetation ranges from 400 to 1,500 pounds.
inches or more. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred
water erosion is high. The hazard of soil blowing is forage plants decreases and the proportion of less
moderate. preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock
This unit is used as rangeland. grazing should be managed so that the desired balance
The potential plant community on this unit is mainly of preferred species is maintained in the plant
blue grama, needleandthread, western wheatgrass, and community.
prairie sandreed. The average annual production of air- _ Management practices that are suitable for use on this
dry vegetation ranges from 400 to 1,400 pounds. unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, and rotation
If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, protection from
forage plants decreases and the proportion of less erosion is needed. Loss of the surface layer results in a
preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock severe decrease in productivity and in the potential of
grazing should be managed so that the desired balance the soil to produce plants suitable for grazing.
of preferred species is maintained in the plant This unit is poorly suited to windbreaks and
community. environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by the areas
Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor of Rock outcrop.
condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet This map unit is in capability subclass Vls,
the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or nonirrigated. The Argiustolls are in Loamy Plains range
both. Other management practices that are suitable for site.
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22 Soil survey
22—Cushman fine sandy loam, 6 to 9 percent Included in this unit are small areas of Haverson loam,
slopes. This moderately deep, well drained soil is on Nunn clay loam, and Nunn loam.
moderately dissected to highly dissected plains. It Permeability of this Dacono soil is moderately slow.
formed in calcareous loamy residuum derived from Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting
interbedded sandstone and shale. depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is medium, and the
Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy loam 6 hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. The
inches thick. The upper 4 inches of the subsoil is fine hazard of soil blowing is slight.
sandy loam, and the lower 11 inches is clay loam. The This unit is used as nonirrigated cropland and
substratum is calcareous clay loam 8 inches thick. rangeland. Winter wheat is the main crop.
Interbedded, calcareous sandstone and shale are at a This unit is well suited to winter wheat, barley, oats,
depth of 29 inches. Depth to sandstone and shale and sorghum. The fine texture of the surface layer limits
ranges from 20 to 40 inches. the crops that can be grown on this unit. Because
Included in this unit are small areas of Midway clay precipitation is not sufficient for annual cropping, a
loam, Renohill fine sandy loam, and Shingle clay loam. cropping system that includes small grain and summer
Also included are some areas of Rock outcrop. fallow is most suitable. Precipitation usually is too low for
Permeability of this Cushman soil is moderate. crops on this unit to make efficient use of fertilizer.
Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting Maintaining crop residue on or near the surface
depth is 20 to 40 inches. Runoff is medium, and the reduces runoff, reduces soil blowing, and helps to
hazard of water erosion is moderate to high. The hazard maintain soil tilth and organic matter content. Stubble-
of soil blowing is slight. mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum tillage help to
This unit is used as rangeland. control erosion and conserve moisture. Terraces reduce
The potential plant community on this unit is mainly runoff and the risk of erosion and help to conserve
blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedges, and moisture.
buffalograss. The average annual production of air-dry The potential plant community on this unit is main)
vegetation ranges from 400 to 1,300 pounds. Y
If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred buffalograblue grama, western averagewhea annual raas, production ng saltbush,of air-dry
and
forage plants decreases and the proportion of less vegetation ranges The of
preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock vegetation from 400 to 1,300 pounds.
grazing should be managed so that the desired balance If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred
of preferred species is maintained in the plant forage plants decreases and the proportion of less
community. preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock
Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor grazing should be managed so that the desired balance
condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet of preferred species is maintained in the plant
the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or community.
both. Other management practices that are suitable for Range seeding is suitable if the range is in poor
use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, condition. The plants selected for seeding should meet
and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed, the seasonal requirements of livestock or wildlife, or
protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface both. Other management practices that are suitable for
layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing,
the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for and rotation grazing. If the plant cover is disturbed,
grazing. protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface
This unit is well suited to windbreaks and layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in
environmental plantings. The main limitations are the the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for
moderate available water capacity and restricted rooting grazing.
depth. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when This unit is well suited to windbreaks and
planting and during dry periods. environmental plantings. Supplemental irrigation may be
This map unit is in capability subclass Vle, needed when planting and during dry periods.
nonirrigated, and in Loamy Plains range site. This map unit is in capability subclass IVe,
nonirrigated, and in Clayey Plains range site.
23—Dacono clay loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This
deep, well drained soil is on plains and adjacent stream 24—Eckley sandy clay loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes.
terraces. It formed in calcareous loamy alluvium. This deep, well drained soil is on smooth to moderately
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown clay dissected plains and on shoulders of upland ridges. It
loam 4 inches thick. The upper 3 inches of the subsoil is formed in gravelly alluvium.
clay loam, and the lower 8 inches is clay. The upper part Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown
of the substratum is calcareous clay loam 6 inches thick, sandy clay loam 9 inches thick. The subsoil is sandy clay
and the lower part to a depth of 60 inches or more is loam and gravelly sandy clay loam 6 inches thick. The
sandy clay loam over calcareous very gravelly loamy substratum to a depth of 60 inches or more is gravelly
sand and sand. sand. In some areas the surface layer is sandy loam.
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