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1.1 Scope.
This code regulates the construction, use, and maintenance of buildings and facilities for the
following:
(1) The manufacture and storage of fireworks at fireworks manufacturing facilities
(2) The storage of display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and
explosive compositions, and black powder at other than display sites
(3) The retail sales and related storage of consumer fireworks in consumer fireworks retail
sales facilities and stores
(4) The transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and components thereof containing
pyrotechnic or explosive materials on public highways
1.2 Purpose.
The purpose of this code shall be to improve safety in the manufacture, transportation, and
storage of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) thereof containing pyrotechnic
or explosive compositions, and in the distribution and retail sales of consumer fireworks.
1.3 Application.
This code shall apply to the manufacture, transportation, and storage of fireworks, pyrotechnic
articles, and any component(s) thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, and
to the distribution and retail sales of consumer fireworks.
1.3.1 This code shall also apply to the following:
(1) Testing of fireworks at a manufacturing facility
(2) Testing of pyrotechnic devices used in the entertainment industry
(3) Testing of any component(s) of fireworks or pyrotechnic devices used in the
entertainment industry that contain pyrotechnic or explosive compositions.
1.3.2 Use of This Code. This code is structured in a logical sequence of Chapters 4 through 8
containing specific requirements which are intended to be mutually exclusive unless
specifically indicated within a chapter.
1.3.2.1 Chapter 4. Chapter 4 shall apply to the manufacturing of all types of fireworks at
manufacturing facilities.
1.3.2.1.1 For the storage of salute powder, pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and black
powder used in the manufacturing of fireworks and for the storage of finished display fireworks
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a EXHIBIT
2005-1197
and pyrotechnic articles, see Chapter 5.
1.3.2.1.2 For the storage of finished consumer fireworks and pyrotechnic articles classified as
explosives, 1.4G (UN 0336, UN 0337, UN 0431, and UN 0432), see Chapter 6.
1.3.2.2 Chapter 5. Chapter 5 shall apply to the storage of salute powder, pyrotechnic and
explosive compositions, and black powder used in the manufacturing of fireworks and to
finished display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles not classified as explosives, 1.4G (UN 0336,
UN 0337, UN 0431, and UN 0432).
1.3.2.3 Chapter 6. Chapter 6 shall apply to the storage of finished consumer fireworks at
manufacturing and distribution facilities.
1.3.2.3.1 Chapter 6 shall not apply to the storage of consumer fireworks at consumer fireworks
retail sales facilities and stores.
1.3.2.3.2 For the storage of consumer fireworks related to the retail sales of consumer
fireworks at consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores, see Chapter 7.
1.3.2.4 Chapter 7. Chapter 7 shall apply to the retail sales of consumer fireworks to the public
at consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores and to the related storage of consumer
fireworks at such facilities.
1.3.2.5 Chapter 8. Chapter 8 shall apply to the transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles,
and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions or explosive materials.
1.3.3 This code shall not apply to the use of consumer fireworks by the general public.
1.3.4 This code shall not apply to the display site storage and use of fireworks and pyrotechnic
articles conducted in accordance with NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display.
1.3.5 This code shall not apply to the transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic devices used in
the entertainment industry, or any component(s) thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive
compositions, where such transportation is under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of
Transportation(U.S. DOT) or any other national transportation authority.
1.3.6 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, or storage of model rockets
or high power rockets,model rocket motors or high power rocket motors, model rocket motor
reloading kits or modules, or high power motor reloading kits or modules, as covered by one of
the following codes:
(1) NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry
(2) NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power Rocket
Motors
(3) NFPA 1127, Code for High Power Rocketry.
1.3.7 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, and storage of fireworks by
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federal and state military agencies.
1.3.8 This code shall not apply to the storage of pyrotechnic devices at the site of use and the
use of pyrotechnic special effects in the entertainment industry conducted in accordance with
NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience.
1.3.9 This code shall not apply to laboratories covered by NFPA 45, Standard on Fire
Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals.
1.3.10 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, or storage of flammable
gases or liquids.
1.3.11 This code shall not apply to fireworks or pyrotechnic articles used in conjunction with
flammable gas or flammable liquid special effects conducted in accordance with NFPA 1123,
Code for Fireworks Display, and NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a
Proximate Audience.
1.4 Retroactivity.
The provisions of this code reflect a consensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable
degree of protection from the hazards addressed in this code at the time the code was issued.
1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this code shall not apply to facilities,
equipment, structures, or installations that existed or were approved for construction or
installation prior to the effective date of the code. Where specified, the provisions of this code
shall be retroactive.
1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction determines,based on clear and
convincing evidence, that the existing situation so materially deviates from the requirements of
this code that it presents an unacceptable hazard to life or property, the authority having
jurisdiction shall be permitted to apply retroactively any portions of this code as are necessary
to mitigate the hazard.
1.4.3 The retroactive requirements of this code shall be permitted to be modified if their
application clearly would be impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction,
and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided.
1.5 Equivalency.
Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of
equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over
those prescribed by this code.
1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to
demonstrate equivalency.
1.5.2 The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the
authority having jurisdiction.
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1.6 Enforcement.
This code shall be administered and enforced by the authority having jurisdiction designated by
the governing authority. (See Annex F for sample Aor�ry for o�irr enabling legislation.)
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3.1 General.
The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this code. Where terms
are not included, common usage of the terms shall apply.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.2.1*Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The organization, office, or individual
responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
3.2.3* Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of provisions covering broad subject
matter or that is suitable for adoption into law independently of other codes and standards.
3.2.4 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other
identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and
concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled
equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with
appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.
3.2.5* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization
that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products
or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or
periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or
service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a
specified purpose.
3.2.6 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
3.2.7 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
3.3 General Defmitions.
3.3.1* Aerial Shell. Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge containing pyrotechnic
material, a long fuse or electric match wires, and a black powder lift charge. [1126:1.5]
3.3.2 Airburst. A pyrotechnic device that is suspended in the air to simulate outdoor aerial
fireworks shells without producing hazardous debris. [1126:1.5]
Copyright NFPA
3.3.3 Area.
3.3.3.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. The portion of a consumer fireworks retail
sales facility or store, including the immediately adjacent aisles, where consumer fireworks are
located for the purpose of retail display and sale to the public.
3.3.3.2 Process Area. An outside area complying with the applicable provisions of this code for
a process building that is used for the manufacture of fireworks and pyrotechnic articles.
3.3.4 Artificial Barricade. See 3.3.5.1.
3.3.5 Barricade. A natural or artificial barrier that effectively screens a magazine,building,
railway, or highway from the effects of an explosion in a magazine or building containing
explosives.
3.3.5.1 Artificial Barricade. An artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum
thickness of 0.9 m (3 ft).
3.3.5.2 Natural Barricade. A natural outdoor feature(s), such as hills or trees, with a density
sufficient to prevent surrounding exposures that require protection from being seen from a
magazine or building containing explosives when the trees are bare of leaves.
3.3.5.3* Screen Barricade. Any barrier that contains the embers and debris from a fire or
deflagration in a process building, thus preventing propagation of fire to other buildings or
areas. [1125:3.3]
33.6 Binary Material. See 3.3.40.1.
3.3.7* Binary System. A two-component pyrotechnic system.
3.3.8 Black Powder. See 3.3.52.1.
3.3.9 Building.
3.3.9.1* Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. A building where the sales area includes the
storage of combustible materials on pallets, in solid piles, or in racks in excess of 12 ft (3.7 m)
in storage height. [101:3.3]
3.3.9.2* Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. A building, in which finished consumer
fireworks are received, stored, and shipped but in which no manufacturing is performed.
3.3.9.3* Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. A building, room or area
where finished consumer fireworks are picked and packaged into retail packages including
assortments or picked and packed into DOT approved packaging, and where related operations
are performed.
3.3.9.4* Inhabited Building. Any building or structure regularly used in whole or part as a
place of human habitation.
3.3.9.5* Mechanical Building. A building that contains mechanical, electrical,
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air-conditioning, or other equipment and that usually is connected to a process or nonprocess
building.
3.3.9.6* Mixing Building. Any building used primarily for mixing and blending of pyrotechnic
compositions.
3.3.9.7* Nonprocess Building. An office building, a warehouse, or other building or area
located in a manufacturing facility in which no fireworks, pyrotechnic or explosive
composition, pyrotechnic articles, or components containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials
are processed or stored.
3.3.9.8* Process Building. Any building or any room at a manufacturing facility where
fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or component(s) containing explosive or pyrotechnic
compositions are manufactured. A process building is also any building at a manufacturing
facility where consumer fireworks are initially packed for shipment.
3.3.9.9 Shipping Building. A building used for the packing of assorted display fireworks or for
the loading of display fireworks onto vehicles for shipment to purchasers.
3.3.9.10 Storage Building. A building, structure, or facility in which consumer fireworks in
any state of processing are stored, but in which no processing or manufacturing is performed.
3.3.9.11* Unoccupied Building. A building that is normally unoccupied during its entire
period of daily operations.
3.3.10 Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. See 3.3.9.1.
3.3.11 Bulk Salute. See 3.3.66.1.
3.3.12 Bulk Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3.1.
3.3.13 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. See 3.3.40.2.
3.3.14 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.1.
3.3.15 Composition.
3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. A chemical compound or mixture, the primary or common
purpose of which is to produce by explosion.
3.3.15.2 Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that, upon burning, produces visible,
brilliant displays, bright lights, or sounds.
3.3.15.3 Whistle Composition. A pyrotechnic composition that when pressed into a tube with
an open end burns in an oscillatory manner to produce an audible effect.
33.16 Consumer Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2.
3.3.17 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. See 3.3.3.1.
3.3.18 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. See 3.3.29.1.
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3.3.19* Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. A temporary or permanent building or
structure that has a floor area not greater than 74 m2 (800 f12), other than tents, canopies, or
membrane structures, that is used primarily for the retail display and sale of consumer fireworks
to the public.
3.3.20 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. See 3.3.9.2.
3.3.21 Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. See 3.3.9.3.
3.3.22* Covered Fuse. A fuse that is protected against accidental ignition by contact with a
spark, smoldering item, or small open flame.
3.3.23 Display Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3.
3.3.24 Distribution Facility. See 3.3.29.2.
3.3.25* DOT Approved Packaging. Packaging for fireworks complying with the regulations
of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Title 49, Part 178.
3.3.26 Electric Match. An electric device that contains a small amount of pyrotechnic material
that ignites when current flows through the leads and that is used to initiate the burning of
pyrotechnics.
3.3.27* Explosive. Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common
purpose of which is to function by explosion.
3.3.28 Explosive Composition. See 3.3.15.1.
3.3.29 Facility.
3.3.29.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. A permanent or temporary building or
structure, consumer fireworks retail sales stand, tent, canopy, or membrane structure that is
used primarily for the retail display and sale of consumer fireworks to the public.
3.3.29.2 Distribution Facility. A place where consumer fireworks are received, stored, picked,
packaged and packed into shipping cartons, and shipped to other distribution facilities,
manufacturing facilities, or consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores.
3.3.29.3* Manufacturing Facility. A place where fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or
components for these devices is conducted.
3.3.30* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a visible or an
audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, and that meets the definition of
Consumer Fireworks or Display Fireworks as set forth in this code.
3.3.30.1 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2, Consumer Fireworks.
3.3.30.2* Consumer Fireworks (Formerly Known as Common Fireworks). Any small
fireworks device designed primarily to produce visible effects by combustion or deflagration
that complies with the construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S.
Copyright NFPA
Consumer Product Safety Commission, as set forth in Title 16, CFR, Parts 1500 and 1507.
[1123:1.4]
3.3.30.3* Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks). Large fireworks
articles designed to produce visible or audible effects for entertainment purposes by
combustion, deflagration, or detonation.
3.3.30.4 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3,Display Fireworks.
3.3.31 Flame Break. A solid material without holes or other openings, used to retard the spread
of flame.
33.32 Flashpowder. See 3.3.52.2.
3.3.33* Fuel. In pyrotechnics, anything combustible or acting as a chemical-reducing agent
such as but not limited to sulfur, aluminum powder, iron powder, charcoal,magnesium, gums,
and organic plastic binders.
3.3.34 Highway. Any public street, public alley, or public road.
3.3.35 Inhabited Building. See 3.3.9.4.
3.3.36 Limited-Combustible Material. See 3.3.40.3.
3.3.37 Magazine. A building or structure, other than an explosives manufacturing building,
approved for the storage of explosive materials.
3.3.38* Manufacturing. The mixing, pressing, and loading of explosive or pyrotechnic
compositions for the purpose of producing fireworks or pyrotechnic articles.
3.3.39 Manufacturing Facility. See 3.3.29.3.
3.3.40 Material.
3.3.40.1 Binary Material. See 3.3.7,Binary System. [1126:1.5]
3.3.40.2* Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. Explosive material that can be detonated by
9.8-g(150-gr) M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 824 m/sec (2700
ft/sec) where fired from a 0.30 caliber rifle at a distance of 30 m (100 ft), measured
perpendicular.
3.3.40.3 Limited-Combustible Material. A building construction material not complying with
the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential
heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 kJ/kg), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259,
Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and complies with (a) or(b):
(a) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not
exceeding a thickness of lea in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; and
(b) Materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), having neither a
flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of
�- such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any
Copyright NFPA
plane would have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued
progressive combustion. (Materials subject to increase in combustibility or flame spread index
beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age, moisture, or other atmospheric
condition shall be considered combustible.) [220:2.1]
3.3.40.4 Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which it is used and under
the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable
vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136,
Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, shall be
considered noncombustible materials. [220:2.1]
3.3.40.5* Pyrotechnic Material (Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material). A chemical mixture
used in the entertainment industry to produce visible or audible effects by combustion,
deflagration, or detonation. [1126:1.5]
3.3.41 Mechanical Building. See 3.3.9.5.
3.3.42 Mixing Building. See 3.3.9.6.
3.3.43 Motor Vehicle. Any self-propelled vehicle, truck, tractor, semitrailer, or truck-trailer
combination used for the transportation of freight over public highways. [495:3.3]
3.3.44 Natural Barricade. See 3.3.5.2.
3.3.45 Noncombustible Material. See 3.3.40.4.
3.3.46 Nonprocess Building. See 3.3.9.7.
3.3.47* Novelties and Trick Noisemakers. Small devices containing limited amounts of
pyrotechnic explosive or composition that produce a visible or an audible effect.
3.3.48* Oxidizer. Usually an oxygen-rich, ionically bonded chemical that decomposes at
moderate to high temperatures.
3.3.49 Permanent. As applied to buildings or structures: a building or structure affixed to a
foundation on a site and having fixed utility connections, that is intended to remain on the site
for more than 180 consecutive calendar days.
3.3.50 Person. An individual, a firm, a copartnership, a corporation, a company, an association,
or a joint-stock association, including any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative
thereof.
3.3.51 Pest Control Device. An explosive device used to control animal pests.
3.3.52 Powder.
3.3.52.1 Black Powder. A low explosive consisting of an intimate mixture of potassium or
sodium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. [1126:1.5]
3.3.52.2 Flashpowder. See 3.3.52.3.
Copyright NFPA
3.3.52.3 Salute Powder. An explosive composition that makes a loud report when ignited and
constitutes the sole pyrotechnic mixture in a salute.
3.3.52.3.1 Bulk Salute Powder. A quantity of salute powder in an amount exceeding 0.45 kg
(1 lb).
3.3.53* Prepackaged Fireworks Merchandise. A consumer fireworks device or group of
consumer fireworks devices that has been packaged within an unperforated container or
packaging material by the manufacturer, distributor, or seller for retail display and sale as a unit.
3.3.54 Process Area. See 3.3.3.2.
3.3.55 Process Building. See 3.3.9.8.
3.3.56 Public Conveyance. Any railroad car, streetcar, ferry, cab, bus, airplane, or other vehicle
that carries passengers for hire. [495:3.3]
3.3.57 Pyrotechnic Article. A pyrotechnic device, other than a device classed as fireworks, for
use in the entertainment industry.
3.3.58 Pyrotechnic Composition. See 3.3.15.2.
3.3.59* Pyrotechnic Laboratory. A building or room used for research, development, or
testing of chemicals, fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or components containing explosive or
pyrotechnic compositions.
3.3.60 Pyrotechnic Material. See 3.3.40.5.
3.3.61 Pyrotechnic Special Effect. A special effect created through the use of pyrotechnic
materials and devices. (See also D.1.42, Special Effect) [1126:1.5]
3.3.62 Pyrotechnics. Controlled exothermic chemical reactions that are timed to create the
effects of heat, gas, sound, dispersion of aerosols, emission of visible electromagnetic radiation,
or a combination of these effects to provide the maximum effect from the least volume.
[1126:1.5]
3.3.63 Railway. Any steam, electric, diesel-electric, or other railroad or railway that carries
passengers for hire on the particular line or branch in the vicinity of a pyrotechnics
manufacturing or storage facility.
3.3.64 Retail Sales. The retail display and sale of merchandise to the public within a mercantile
occupancy.
3.3.65 Rocket.A pyrotechnic device that moves by the ejection of matter produced by the
internal combustion of propellants.
3.3.66 Salute. A display firework that is designed to produce a loud report.
3.3.66.1 Bulk Salute. A collection of salutes or salute components containing more than 2 lb
(0.9 kg) of salute powder, unless the salutes are mixed with other types of aerial shells so that
Copyright NFPA
the total quantity of salutes to other types of shells is less than 50 percent in a single magazine.
3.3.67 Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3.
3.3.68 Screen Barricade. See 3.3.5.3.
3.3.69 Shipping Building. See 3.3.9.9.
3.3.70 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.4.
3.3.71* Stars. Small masses of pyrotechnic compounds that are projected from aerial shells,
mines, or roman candles.
3.3.72 Storage Building. See 3.3.9.10.
3.3.73* Store. A building classified as a mercantile occupancy that contains a variety of
merchandise and that is not used primarily for the retail sales of consumer fireworks.
3.3.74 Temporary. As applied to buildings or structures: a building or structure not meeting
the definition for permanent structure [101:3.3]. As applied to electrical power and wiring:
electrical service in use or in place for a period of 90 consecutive calendar days or less.
[70:305]
3.3.75 Unoccupied Building. See 3.3.9.11.
3.3.76 Whistle Composition. See 3.3.15.3.
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4.1 Applicability.
4.1.1 All manufacturing facilities shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.
4.1.2 Manufacturing facilities shall not be required to comply with Sections 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and
4.10, provided that they meet all of the following conditions:
(1) Manufacturing is restricted to production of custom fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and
any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials that are not for general
sale.
(2) The facility contains not more than 2.3 kg(5 lb) of pyrotechnic composition, of which
not more than 0.23 kg(0.5 lb) is of explosive composition.
(3) All explosive and pyrotechnic compositions are removed to a storage magazine at the
end of each workday.
4.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to the following operations performed in a separate building
or area and shall not be considered fireworks manufacturing:
(1) Assembly of display pieces from finished fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and fuse
Copyright NFPA
classified as UN 0336, UN 0337, UN 0431, and UN 0432
(2) Minor repairs or modification of finished fireworks not involving exposed pyrotechnic
material
(3) Picking and packaging finished fireworks into packages including assortments
(4) Packing packages and assortments into DOT approved packaging.
(5) The attachment of a match or fuse and minor repairs to display fireworks and
pyrotechnic articles
4.2 Permit Requirements.
The manufacture of any fireworks shall be prohibited unless authorized by federal license,
where required, and conducted in accordance with this code.
4.2.1 Persons engaged in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in fireworks
shall meet both of the following requirements:
(1) They shall possess a valid federal license or permit, where required by Title XI,
"Regulation of Explosives, of the Crime Control Act of 1970" (18, USC, Chapter 40,
"Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Materials")
(2) They shall comply with all applicable state and local laws and regulations.
4.2.1.1 Copies of all required licenses and permits shall be posted at each manufacturing
facility.
4.2.1.1.1 License and permit holders shall protect licenses and permits from loss, theft,
defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication.
4.2.1.1.2 Any loss, theft, defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication of a license or
pciutit shall be reported immediately to the issuing authority.
4.2.1.2 Licenses or permits shall not be assigned or transferred.
4.2.2 The issuing authority shall be notified immediately of any change of business name,
controlling ownership, or address.
4.3 Recordkeeping and Reporting.
4.3.1 Record Maintenance.
4.3.1.1 Manufacturers shall maintain records in compliance with federal regulations.
4.3.1.2 Manufacturers shall maintain records for all chemicals and chemical mixtures in
compliance with the requirements of 29 CFR, 1910.1200, "Hazard Communication."
4.3.2 Record Availability. Records shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction.
Copyright NFPA
4.3.2.1 Where consumer fireworks are handled exclusively, records shall be maintained for 3
years.
4.3.2.2 Records other than consumer fireworks shall be maintained for 5 years.
4.3.3 Loss, Theft, or Unlawful Removal of Explosive Materials.
4.3.3.1 The loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosive materials shall be reported
immediately to the nearest office of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, and to local law enforcement authorities.
4.3.3.2 The loss, theft or removal of consumer fireworks shall not be required to be reported.
4.4 Site Security.
4.4.1 General. All plant buildings containing pyrotechnic composition, explosive composition,
or fireworks shall be locked at the end of the workday and whenever plant personnel are not
present, to provide security.
4.4.2 Plant Access.
4.4.2.1 All roads leading into the plant shall be provided with gates that shall be kept closed
and locked at all times when not used for entry or exit.
4.4.2.2 Vehicle access to the plant shall be restricted to roadways by means of a fence, natural
barriers such as trees, and culverts, or by other means.
4.4.2.3 If the main plant entrance is in full view of and under the observation of an authorized
responsible employee or guard, the main plant entrance shall be permitted to be left open during
regular plant operating hours.
4.4.2.4 Only authorized employees or representatives of federal, state, or local agencies having
jurisdiction over the plant shall be permitted inside the plant without special permission of the
person in charge.
4.4.3 Signage. Conspicuous signs that read as follows shall be posted at the entrance and along
the fence or barrier:
WARNING—NO SMOKING-NO TRESPASSING
4.5 Construction.
4.5.1 Process Building.
4.5.1.1 Process buildings shall be single-story buildings and shall not have basements.
4.5.1.2 Wall joints and openings for wiring, plumbing, and other utilities shall be sealed to
prevent the entry of dusts.
4.5.1.3 Horizontal ledges and surfaces upon which dust can settle and accumulate shall be
Copyright NFPA
minimized.
4.5.2* Floors and Work Surfaces.
4.5.2.1 Floors and work surfaces shall not have cracks or crevices in which explosives or
pyrotechnic compositions can lodge.
4.5.2.2 Floors and work surfaces in mixing and loading buildings for salute powder shall be of
conductive materials.
4.5.2.3 Conductive footwear or other grounding techniques for personnel shall be used
wherever exposed salute powder is present.
4.5.3 Heating, Lighting, and Electrical Equipment.
4.5.3.1 Stoves, exposed flames, and portable electric heaters shall be prohibited in any building
where fireworks, fireworks components, or flammable liquids are or can be present.
4.5.3.2 Heating shall be provided by steam, hot water, indirect hot air radiators, or any other
means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.5.3.3 Unit heaters located in buildings that contain exposed explosive or pyrotechnic
composition shall be equipped with motors and electrical devices for use in hazardous locations
in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®.
4.5.3.4 All wiring, switches, and electrical fixtures in process buildings shall meet the
requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70,National
Electrical Code®.
4.5.3.4.1 Portable lighting equipment shall not be used, unless both of the following criteria are
met:
(I) Listed portable lighting equipment shall be permitted to be used during repair
operations.
(2) The repair operations area shall be cleared of all pyrotechnic or explosive material, and
all dust or residue shall be removed before portable lighting equipment is used.
4.5.3.4.2 All presses and other such mechanical devices used in the vicinity of exposed
explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be electrically bonded and grounded.
4.5.3.5 All artificial lighting shall be electrically powered.
4.5.4 Static Discharge.
4.5.4.1 A means for discharging static shall be provided at the entrance to all mixing, pressing,
and loading buildings where exposed salute powder is present.
4.5.4.2 All personnel entering the buildings described in 4.5.4.1 shall utilize the means
required by 4.5.4.1.
Copyright NFPA
4.5.5 Explosion Relief.
4.5.5.1* Provision of explosion relief, by means of pressure-relieving construction or explosion
vents, shall be considered for each process building in which an explosion hazard exists.
4.5.5.2 Where climatic conditions (or local building code requirements) prevent the use of
pressure-relieving construction or explosion vents, alternate methods of protecting nearby
buildings such as, but not limited to, screen-type barricades and differences in elevation of trees
shall be provided for buildings in which an explosion hazard exists.
4.5.6 Means of Egress.
4.5.6.1 Means of egress in all buildings shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA
101®,Life Safety Code®.
4.5.6.2 Means of egress in process buildings also shall comply with the following
requirements:
(I) At least two remotely located means of egress shall be provided from every point in
every undivided floor area of more than 9 m2 (100 ft2).
(2) Where process buildings are divided into rooms, means of egress shall be as follows:
(a) At least two means of escape shall be provided from each room of more than 9 m2
(100 ft2).
(b) Toilet rooms shall be permitted to have only one means of egress,provided that
they are located away from or shielded from process areas.
(3) An unobstructed means of egress shall be located so that every point within the room or
undivided floor area is within 7.6 m (25 ft) of a means of egress.
(4) Exit doors shall open outward and shall be capable of being pressure actuated from the
inside.
4.6 Magazine Construction—General.
4.6.1 General.
4.6.1.1 Magazines shall be constructed to comply with Section 4.6 or in a manner equivalent to
the requirements of Section 4.6.
4.6.1.2 The ground around magazines shall be graded so that water drains away from the
magazine.
4.6.1.3 Exposed ferrous metal shall not be permitted on the interior of the magazine where it
might contact material stored within.
4.6.2 Heating.
4.6.2.1 The area between the heating unit and the magazine shall be cleared of all combustible
Copyright NFPA
materials.
4.6.2.2 Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by either hot-water radiant heating within the
magazine building or by indirect warm-air heating.
4.6.2.3 Indirect warm air shall be heated by either hot-water coils or low-pressure [103 kPa(15
psig) or less] steam coils located outside the magazine building.
4.6.2.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Radiant heating coils within the building shall be installed so that explosive materials or
their containers cannot contact the coils and so that air is free to circulate between the
coils and the explosives.
(2) The surface temperature of radiant heating coils shall not exceed 74°C(165°F).
(3) Heating ducts shall be installed so that the hot air discharge from the ducts is not
directed against explosive materials or their containers.
(4) The heating system shall be controlled so that the ambient temperature of the magazine
does not exceed 54°C (130°F).
(5) Any electric fan or pump used in the heating system shall be located outside the
magazine, separate from the magazine walls, and shall be grounded.
(6) Any electric motor and any controls for electric heating devices used to heat water or
produce steam shall have overload devices and disconnects that comply with NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code®.
(7) All electrical switchgear shall be located at least 7.6 m (25 ft) from the magazine.
(8) Any fuel-fired heating source for the hot water or steam shall be separated from the
magazine by a distance of not less than 7.6 m (25 ft).
(9) Explosive materials stored in magazines shall be arranged so that uniform circulation of
air is ensured.
4.6.3 Lighting.
4.6.3.1 Where lighting is necessary within the magazine, the following sources of lighting shall
be permitted:
(1) Electric safety flashlights
(2) Electric safety lanterns
(3) Chemiluminescent lighting
(4) Electric light source outside the magazine that is aimed at the entrance
4.6.3.2 Where electric lighting is used within a magazine, the installation shall meet the
following requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with NFPA 70,National
Copyright NFPA
r` Electrical Code®:
(1) Junction boxes containing fuses or circuit breakers and electrical disconnects shall be
located at least 7.6 m (25 ft) from the magazine.
(2) Junction boxes located within the magazine shall not have openings and shall be
equipped with close-fitting covers.
(3) Disconnects, fuses, and circuit breakers shall be protected by a voltage surge arrester
capable of handling 2500 amperes for 0.1 seconds.
(4) All wiring from switches, both inside and outside the magazine, shall be installed in
rigid conduit.
(5) Wiring from switches located inside and outside the magazine that leads into the
magazine shall be installed underground.
(6) Conduit and light fixtures inside the magazine shall be protected from physical damage
by guards or by location.
(7) Light fixtures shall be enclosed to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling on the floor
or onto material stored in the magazine.
(8) Lights inside magazines shall not be left on when the magazines are unattended.
.-. 4.6.4 Ventilation.
4.6.4.1 Where required in the magazine, ventilation shall be provided to protect the stored
materials for the specific area in which the plant is located.
4.6.4.2 Stored materials shall be placed so that they do not interfere with ventilation and to
prevent contact with masonry walls, steel, or other ferrous metal by means of a nonsparking
lattice or equivalent lining.
4.7 Magazine Construction—Requirements for Specific Types.
4.7.1 Type 1 Magazine. A Type 1 magazine shall be a permanent structure, such as a building
or igloo, that is bullet resistant, fire resistant, theft resistant, weather resistant, and ventilated
and shall comply with the following:
(1) Walls and doors shall be bullet resistant and shall be constructed in accordance with any
of the specifications in Annex B.
(2) The roof shall be constructed of any type of structurally sound material that is or has
been made fire resistant on the exterior.
(3)* Where the natural terrain around a Type 1 magazine makes it possible for a bullet to be
shot through the roof and ceiling at such an angle that the bullet can strike the explosive
materials within, either the roof or the ceiling shall be of bullet-resistant construction.
Copyright NFPA
(4) The foundation shall be enclosed completely, and the following requirements also shall
apply:
(a) A wood foundation enclosure shall be covered on the exterior with not less than
26-gauge metal.
(b) Openings provided for cross ventilation on the exterior of a wood foundation
enclosure shall not be required to be covered with 26-gauge metal.
(5) The floor shall be constructed of wood or other equivalent material.
(6) Floors constructed of materials that can cause sparks shall meet one of the following
requirements:
(a) They shall be covered with a nonsparking surface.
(b) The packages of explosive material shall be packed on pallets of nonsparking
material.
(7) Type 1 magazines shall be ventilated to prevent dampness or heating of explosives, and
the following requirements also shall apply:
(a) Ventilation openings shall be screened to prevent entrance of sparks.
(b) Ventilators in sidewalls shall be offset or shielded.
(c) Magazines with foundation and roof ventilators, with air circulating between the
sidewalls and floor and between the sidewalls and ceiling, shall have a
wood-lattice lining or equivalent means to prevent packages from being stacked
against the sidewalls and blocking air circulation.
(d) Magazines specified in 4.7.1(7)(c) shall be provided with 50.8-mm (2-in.) air space
between the sidewalls and the floor.
(8) Each door of the magazine shall be equipped with one of the following locking systems:
(a) Two mortise locks
(b) Two padlocks in separate hasps and staples
(c) A mortise lock and a padlock
(d) A mortise lock that needs two keys to be opened
(e) A three-point lock or an equivalent lock that secures the door to the frame at more
than one point
(9) Padlocks shall comply with all of the following requirements:
(a) They shall be made of steel.
(b) They shall have at least five tumblers.
Copyright NFPA
(c) They shall have at least a 9.5-mm (% -in.), case-hardened shackle.
(d) They shall be protected by steel hoods installed to discourage the insertion of bolt
cutters.
(10) Doors secured by an internal bolt shall not require additional locking devices.
(11) Hinges and hasps shall be fastened securely to the magazine.
(12) All locking hardware shall be secured to the door frame.
4.7.2 Type 2 Magazine.
4.7.2.1 General. A Type 2 magazine shall be a portable or mobile structure, such as a box,
skid-magazine, trailer, or semitrailer that is fire resistant, theft resistant, weather resistant, and
ventilated.
4.7.2.2 Bullet Resistance. Type 2 magazines shall be bullet resistant if used for outdoor
storage.
4.7.2.3 Type 2 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 2 outdoor magazine shall comply with the
following requirements:
(1) The walls and roof or ceiling shall be constructed according to the provisions of
4.7.1(1), (2), and (3).
(2) The doors shall be constructed as follows:
(a) They shall be made of metal, constructed in accordance with the provisions of
4.7.1(1).
(b) They shall have a metal exterior with an inner door meeting the provisions of
4.7.1(1).
(3) Floors constructed of ferrous metal shall be covered with a nonsparking surface.
(4) A top-opening magazine shall have a lid that overlaps the sides by at least 25.4 mm (1
in.) when in the closed position.
(5) The magazine shall be supported so that its floor does not contact the ground directly.
(6) Magazines less than 0.77 m3 (3 ft3) in size shall be fastened securely to a fixed object to
prevent theft of the entire magazine.
(7) Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hardware shall comply with 4.7.1(8), excluding
padlocks on vehicular magazines, which are not required to be protected by steel hoods.
(8) Wherever a vehicular magazine is left unattended, one of the following actions shall be
taken:
(a) The wheels shall be removed.
Copyright NFPA
(b) The kingpins shall be locked.
(c) The vehicular magazine shall be otherwise immobilized.
4.7.2.4 Type 2 Indoor Magazines. A Type 2 indoor magazine shall comply with the following
provisions:
(1) The magazine shall have substantial wheels or casters to facilitate removal from the
building in case of emergency.
(2) The cover of the magazine shall have substantial strap hinges, and a means for locking
shall be provided as follows:
(a) The magazine shall be kept locked with a five-tumbler padlock or its equivalent.
(b) The magazine shall be permitted to be unlocked during the placement or removal
of explosive materials.
(3) The magazine shall be painted red, and the top shall bear the following words in white
letters at least 76.2 mm (3 in.) high:
EXPLOSIVES —KEEP FIRE AWAY
(4) Magazines constructed of wood shall meet the following requirements:
(a) They shall have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors of 50.8-mm (2-in.)hardwood
that are braced at the corners.
(b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge.
(c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazines shall be countersunk.
(5) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the following requirements:
(a) They shall be of 12-gauge sheet metal.
(b) They shall be lined with a nonsparking material.
(c) The edges of metal covers shall overlap the sides by at least 25.4 mm (1 in.).
4.7.3 Type 3 Magazine. A Type 3 magazine(day box) shall be a portable structure that is fire
resistant, theft resistant, and weather resistant, and shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) The magazine shall be equipped with a five-tumbler padlock.
(2) Magazines constructed of wood shall meet the following requirements:
(a) They shall have sides,bottoms, and covers or doors of 101.6-mm (4-in.) hardwood
that are braced at the corners.
(b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge.
(c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazine shall be countersunk.
Copyright NFPA
(3) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the requirements of 4.7.2.4(5).
4.7.4 Type 4 Magazine. A Type 4 magazine shall be a permanent, portable, or mobile structure
such as a building, igloo, box, semitrailer, or other mobile container that is fire resistant, theft
resistant, and weather resistant.
4.7.4.1 Type 4 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 4 outdoor magazine shall comply with the
following provisions:
(1) The magazine shall be constructed of the following:
(a) Masonry
(b) Wood covered with sheet metal, fabricated metal, or a combination of these
materials
(2) Doors shall be metal or wood covered with metal.
(3) Permanent magazines shall comply with 4.7.1(4), (7), and (8).
(4) Vehicular magazines shall comply with 4.7.2.3(7) and shall be immobilized where
unattended, as described in 4.7.2.3(8).
4.7.4.2 Type 4 Indoor Magazine. A Type 4 indoor magazine shall comply with all the
provisions of 4.7.2.4.
4.8 Construction of Storage Buildings for Consumer Fireworks.
4.8.1 General. Consumer fireworks storage shall comply with the following:
(1) Storage shall be in a building, igloo, trailer, semitrailer, or metal shipping container.
(2) Storage shall be constructed to resist fire from an external source and to be
weather-resistant and theft-resistant.
4.8.2 Openings. All openings shall be equipped with a means for locking.
4.8.2.1 Means of egress in all buildings shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA
10I®,Life Safety Code®.
4.8.2.2 Trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping containers that are not normally occupied shall
not be required to comply with NFPA 101*,Life Safety Code®.
4.8.3 Doors.
4.8.3.1 All doors shall open outward, and all exits shall be marked.
4.8.3.2 Aisles and exit doors shall be kept free of obstructions.
4.8.3.3 Doors shall be equipped with panic hardware.
4.8.3.4 Doors shall be unlocked during operation.
Copyright NFPA
4.8.3.5 Trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping containers that are not normally occupied shall
be permitted to be locked during operation.
4.8.4 Building Specifications. Buildings used for the storage of consumer fireworks shall meet
all of the following criteria:
(1) They shall be nonresidential.
(2) They shall not exceed one story.
(3) They shall not have basements.
4.8.4.1 Consumer fireworks stored in a building that is also used for other purposes shall be
stored in a room or area used exclusively for the storage of consumer fireworks.
4.8.4.2 The interior walls of the rooms required by 4.8.4.1 shall have a minimum fire resistance
rating of 1 hour and doors with a fire resistance rating of 45 minutes.
4.8.4.3 Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, noncombustible materials shall
be permitted to be stored in the same room or area with consumer fireworks.
4.8.5 Electrical Requirements.
4.8.5.1 All electrical fixtures and wiring for storage buildings shall comply with NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code®.
4.8.5.1.1 All electrical fixtures in storage buildings at fireworks manufacturing plants shall be
dust-tight.
4.8.5.1.2 Electrical receptacles or unguarded light fixtures shall not be permitted within 7.6 m
(25 ft) of any fireworks.
4.8.5.1.3 Light fixtures within 7.6 m (25 ft) of any fireworks shall have guards.
4.8.5.2 All electrical wiring shall comply with Article 502 of NFPA 70,National Electrical
Code®.
4.8.5.3 An electrical disconnect shall be located outside each storage building, and the
disconnect shall be arranged to de-energize all electrical power to the building.
4.8.5.4 No extension cords or other temporary wiring shall be permitted within 7.6 m (25 ft) of
any stored consumer fireworks.
4.9 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables.
4.9.1 General.
4.9.1.1 Barricades. To be effective, a barricade shall be of such height that one of the
following passes through the barricade:
(1) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a magazine or building
Copyright NFPA
containing explosives to the eave line of any magazine or building
(2) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a magazine or building
containing explosives to a point 3.7 m (12 ft) above the center of a railway or highway
4.9.1.2 Screen Barricades.
4.9.1.2.1 Screen barricades shall be permitted to be constructed of one of the following:
(1) Metal roofing
(2) 6 mm to 13 mm (0.25 in. to 0.5 in.)mesh screen
(3) Other equivalent material
4.9.1.2.2 The screen barrier shall extend from floor level to a height such that a straight line
measured from the top of any sidewall of the donor building to the eave line of any exposed
building intercepts the screen at a point not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) from the top of the screen.
4.9.1.2.3 The top 1.5 m (5 ft) of the screen barrier shall incline toward the donor building at an
angle of 30 degrees to 45 degrees.
4.9.2 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Process Buildings and Areas.
4.9.2.1 Process buildings and areas shall be separated from other process buildings and areas
and from nonprocess buildings in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1.
r
Table 4.9.2.1 Minimum Separation Distances Between Process Buildings and Areas and
Buildings and Areas
Net Weight of Fireworks' In-Process Display without In-Process Display w
Barricades
kg lb m ft m
>0to S. 45 >Oto S 100 35 114 17
>45 to 5 91 > 100 to S. 200 42 138 21
>91 to 5 136 >200 to 5 300 47 154 23
> 136 to S 181 >300 to 5 400 52 170 26
> 181 to 5 227 >400 to 5 500 55 182 28
>227 to 5 454 >500 to S. 1000 NP NP
>454 to 5 907 > 1000 to 5 2000 NP NP
>907 to S. 1361 >2000 to 5 3000 NP NP
> 1361 to 5 1814 >3000 to 5 4000 NP NP
> 1814 >4000 NP NP
NP:Not permitted.
Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only.
2 For maximum quantity of pyrotechnic composition permitted in a pyrotechnics laboratory,see 4.9.9.3.
3 See 4.9.2.6(1).
Copyright NFPA
4.9.2.2 A maximum of 227 kg(5001b) of in-process composition, in loose form or in partially
assembled display fireworks, shall be permitted in any process building or area.
4.9.2.3 Finished display fireworks shall not be stored in a process building. (See Section 4.10.)
4.9.2.4 A maximum of 4.5 kg (10 Ib) of salute powder, in loose form or in assembled units,
shall be permitted in any process building or area.
4.9.2.5 Quantities of loose salute powder in excess of 4.5 kg(10 Ib) shall be kept in an
approved magazine.
4.9.2.6 The minimum separation distance for in-process consumer fireworks or pyrotechnic
articles shall be as follows:
(1) The minimum separation distance of 11 m (37 ft) for in-process consumer fireworks or
pyrotechnic articles shall apply only to 45 kg (100 Ib) of loose powder or stars.
(2) If a quantity of loose powder or stars greater than 45 kg (100 Ib) is present, the
minimum separation distances in Table 4.9.2.1 for in-process display fireworks shall be
used.
4.9.3 Separation Distances for Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited Buildings,
Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Magazines, and Shipping and Storage Buildings.
Process buildings and areas shall be separated from the following in accordance with the
distances specified in Table 4.9.3:
(1) Inhabited buildings
(2) Passenger railways
(3) Public highways
(4) Magazines
(5) Display fireworks shipping buildings
(6) Consumer fireworks storage buildings
Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited
Public Highways, Manufacturing Facility Magazines and Shipping Buildings, and Stor:
Fireworks
Net Weight of Fireworks' In-Process Display Fireworks2 In-Process Consur
kg lb m ft m
>0to ≤ 45 >0to ≤ 100 61 200 7.6
>45 to ≤ 227 > 100 to ≤ 500 61 200 15
>227 to S 454 >500 to ≤ 1000 NP 23
Copyright NFPA
Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited
Public Highways, Manufacturing Facility Magazines and Shipping Buildings, and Stor:
Fireworks
Net Weight of Fireworks' In-Process Display Fireworks2 In-Process Consur
kg lb m ft m
>454 to ≤ 907 > 1000 to S 2000 NP 30
>907 to ≤ 1361 >2000 to S 3000 NP 35
> 1361 to S 1814 >3000 to 5 4000 NP 38
> 1814 >4000 NP 40
NP:Not permitted.
t Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only.
2 For information on the separation distances between process buildings see Table 4.9.2.1,between magazines see T
between storage buildings see Table 4.9.6.
4.9.3.1* The distances in Table 4.9.3 shall apply to process buildings and areas with or without
barricades or screen-type barricades.
4.9.3.2 Table 4.9.3 shall not apply to the separation distances between process buildings or
areas (see Table 4.9.2.1),between magazines (see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.5), and
between storage buildings (see Table 4.9.6).
4.9.3.3 A maximum of 227 kg(500 lb) of in-process composition, in loose form or in partially
assembled display fireworks, shall be permitted in any process building or area.
4.9.3.4 Finished display fireworks shall not be stored in a process building. (See Section 4.10.)
4.9.3.5 A maximum of 4.5 kg(10 lb) of salute powder, either in loose form or in assembled
units, shall be permitted in any process building or area at one time.
4.9.3.6 Quantities of salute powder in excess of 4.5 kg(10 lb) shall be kept in an approved
magazine.
4.9.4 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Magazines for the Storage of Display
Fireworks and Components for Display Fireworks,Loose Pyrotechnic Composition, and
Stars.
4.9.4.1 Magazines for the storage of display fireworks and components for display fireworks,
loose pyrotechnic composition, and stars shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger
railways, public highways, and other magazines in accordance with the distances specified in
Table 4.9.4.1.
Copyright NFPA
Stars.
4.9.4.1 Magazines for the storage of display fireworks and components for display fireworks,
loose pyrotechnic composition, and stars shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger
railways,public highways, and other magazines in accordance with the distances specified in
Table 4.9.4.1.
Table 4.9.4.1 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Display Fireworks Except
Plants from Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Fireworks Magazines and Shipping B
Buildings
Net Weight of Fireworks* In-Process Display Fireworks
kg lb m ft
>0to ≤ 454 >0to ≤ 100 46 150
>454 to S 2,268 > 1,000 to S 5,000 70 230
>2,268 to ≤ 4,536 >5,000 to S 10,000 91 300
>4,536 > 10,000 See Table 4.9.4.5.
*Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive compositions and fuse only.
Copyright NFPA
4.9.4.2 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1, a shipping building for display fireworks
shall be considered a magazine.
4.9.4.3 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1, the following criteria shall be met:
(1) Display fireworks shipping buildings shall meet the same distance requirements as
magazines.
(2) All compositions not in current use shall be kept in covered, nonferrous containers,
unless such composition has been loaded or pressed into tubes or other containers as
consumer fireworks.
4.9.4.4 At a fireworks plant, up to 22.7 kg(50 lb) of pyrotechnic composition or display
fireworks shall be permitted to be stored in a Type 2 or a Type 4 indoor magazine in any
process building.
4.9.4.5 Magazines for the storage of bulk salute powder and bulk salutes shall comply with
Table 4.9.4.5.
Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salu
Quantity of Explosive Distances(ft)
Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger I
Class A to D11 Highways w
of Mo
Vehii
Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6'7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6/1,8 Unbarri- Barricaded&
Over Over ceded caded
0 5 70 140 30 60 51
5 10 90 180 35 70 64
10 20 110 220 45 90 81
20 30 125 250 50 100 93
30 40 140 280 55 110 103
40 50 150 300 60 120 110
50 75 170 340 70 140 127
75 100 190 380 75 150 139
100 125 200 400 80 160 150
125 150 215 430 85 170 159
150 200 235 470 95 190 175
200 250 255 510 105 210 189
250 300 270 540 110 220 201
300 400 295 590 120 240 221
400 500 320 640 130 260 238
500 600 340 680 135 270 253
600 700 355 710 145 290 266
Copyright NFPA
Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salu
Quantity of Explosive Distances(ft)
Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger I
Class A to D11 Highways ss
of Mo
Vehh
Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6'7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6
Over Over caded caded
700 800 375 750 150 300 278
800 900 390 780 155 310 289
900 1,000 400 800 160 320 300
1,000 1,200 425 850 165 330 318
1,200 1,400 450 900 170 340 336
1,400 1,600 470 940 175 350 351
1,600 1,800 490 980 180 360 366
1,800 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378
2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408
2,500 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432
3,000 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474
4,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513
5,000 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546
,---• 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573
7,000 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600
8,000 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624
9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645
10,000 12,000 875 1,750 270 540 687
12,000 14,000 885 1,770 275 550 723
14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 560 756
16,000 18,000 940 1,880 285 570 786
18,000 20,000 975 1,950 290 580 813
20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 315 630 876
25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933
30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 360 720 981
35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 380 760 1,026
40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 400 800 1,068
45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 420 840 1,104
50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 1,140
55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 455 910 1,173
60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 470 940 1,206
65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 485 970 1,236
70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 1,000 1,263
75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 510 1,020 1,293
80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 520 1,040 1,317
85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 530 1,060 1,344
Copyright NFPA
Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salu
Quantity of Explosive Distances(ft)
Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger I
Class A to D11 Highways s
of Mo
Vehi(
Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6
Over Over caded caded
90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 540 1,080 1,368
95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 545 1,090 1,392
100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 550 1,100 1,437
110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,110 1,479
120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 560 1,120 1,521
130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 565 1,130 1,557
140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 570 1,140 1,593
150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 580 1,160 1,629
160,000 170,000 1,965 2,000 590 1,180 1,662
170,000 180,000 1,990 2,000 600 1,200 1,695
180,000 190,000 2,010 2,010 605 1,210 1,725
190,000 200,000 2,030 2,030 610 1,220 1,755
200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1,782
,.. 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 635 1,270 1,836
230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 650 1,300 1,890
250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 670 1,340 1,950
275,000 300,000 2,275 2,275 690 1,380 2,000
Copyright NFPA
Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salu
Quantity of Explosive Distances(ft)
Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger 1
Class A to D11 Highways NS
of Mo
Vehii
Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6•7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6/1,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6
Over Over caded caded
Explanatory Notes Essential to the Application of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives
1 "Explosive materials"means explosives,blasting agents,and detonators.
2"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture,or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to fu
to be within the coverage of 18 USC,Chapter 40,"Importation,Manufacture,Distribution,and Storage of Explosive
Director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco,and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury.For quantity and dista
should be calculated as equivalent to 8 lb(3.7 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 ft(305 m).Heavier or lighter core lo
3"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwi:
product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap where unconfined.
4"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation.
than 10 g of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges.The term includes,but is not limited to,
types,blasting caps for use with safety fuses,detonating cord delay connectors,and nonelectric instantaneous and de
tube,or any other replacement for electric leg wires.All types of detonators in strengths through No. 8 cap should be
For strengths higher than No. 8 cap,consult the manufacturer.
5"Magazine"means any building,structure,or container,other than an explosives manufacturing building,approve(
6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrc
seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves.
7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 ft(0.9 m).
8"Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or othe
artificial barrier.A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the ea\
point 12 ft(3.7 m)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier.
9"Inhabited building"means a building regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings, or any
structure where people are accustomed to assemble,except any building or structure occupied in connection with the
explosive materials.
10"Railway"means any stream,electric,or other railroad or railway that carries passengers for hire.
11 "Highway"means any public street,public alley,or public road.
12 Where two or more storage magazines are located on the same property,each magazine must comply with the mil
railways,and highways,and, in addition,they should be separated from each other by not less than the distances sho
quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern with regard to the spacing of the detot
explosive materials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified"separati(
magazines,as a group,must be considered as one magazine,and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in sl
magazine located on the site of any magazine of the group,and must comply with the minimum distances specified f
and highways.
13 Storage in excess of 300,000 lb(136,200 kg)of explosive materials in one magazine is generally not required for
14 This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials. It is not app
handling or temporary storage necessary or incident thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs,projectiles,or othe
15 Where a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials, a
Copyright NFPA
Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salu
Quantity of Explosive Distances(ft)
Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger I
Class A to Dtl Highways NS
of Mo
Vehic
Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6'7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6'7'8 Unbarri- Barricaded6
- J s-- o
permitted to be in the building at one time.
Source: The American Table of Distances is reproduced from the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explo
Makers of Explosives in June 1991.
4.9.4.6 For fireworks storage magazines in active use prior to March 7, 1990, the distances in
Table 4.9.4.1 shall be permitted to be halved, provided that earthen barricades are used between
the magazine and potential receptor sites.
4.9.4.7 Table 4.9.4.1 shall not apply to the storage of bulk salute powder or to the storage of
shipping cartons or storage containers that primarily contain salutes or salute components. (See
Table 4.9.4.5 for bulk salute powder and bulk salute storage requirements.)
4.9.5 Magazines Containing Salute Powder and Salutes. Magazines containing salute
powder and salutes shall be separated from each other and from inhabited buildings, public
highways, and passenger railways in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.5.
4.9.6 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Storage Buildings for Consumer
Fireworks. Storage buildings for consumer fireworks located at fireworks manufacturing
facilities shall be separated from inhabited buildings,passenger railways, public highways, and
other storage buildings in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.6.
Table 4.9.6 Minimum Separation Distances of Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings
Inhabited Buildings, Magazines, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, a]
Gross Weight of Consumer Fireworks Distance from Passenger Railways,Public
Highways,and Other Storage Buildings
kg lb m ft
0 to 454 0 to 1,000 11 35
454 to 2,268 1,000 to 5,000 17 55
2,268 to 4,536 5,000 to 10,000 18 60
4,536 to 9,072 10,000 to 20,000 20 65
9,072 to 22,680 20,000 to 50,000 24 80
22,680 to 45,360 50,000 to 100,000 27 90
45,360 100,000 and over 30 100
Copyright NFPA
4.9.7 Groups of Buildings.
4.9.7.1 If any process building is separated from any other process or nonprocess building by
less than the distance specified in Table 4.9.2.1, two or more such buildings, as a group, shall
be considered to be one building.
4.9.7.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic composition in the group of buildings
specified in 4.9.7.1 shall not exceed 227 kg(500 lb) or shall not exceed 4.5 kg(101b) of salute
powder.
4.9.7.3 Each building in the group shall otherwise comply with the separation distances
specified in Table 4.9.2.1 and Table 4.9.3.
4.9.7.4 Unoccupied buildings at manufacturing facilities shall not be subject to the separation
distance requirements of Section 4.9.
4.9.8 Magazine Groups.
4.9.8.1 If any two or more magazines or storage buildings are separated by less than the
distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1, Table 4.9.4.5, or Table 4.9.6, two or more such structures
shall be considered to be one magazine or storage building.
4.9.8.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic composition stored in the group of
buildings shall be used to determine the minimum separation distances of each building in the
r group from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public highways, and other magazines and
storage buildings.
4.9.8.3 No minimum separation distance shall be required for process buildings, magazines, or
storage buildings within a group.
4.9.9 Pyrotechnic Laboratories.
4.9.9.1 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall be considered process buildings for consumer fireworks
for the purpose of separation distances.
4.9.9.2 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall be considered to be nonprocess buildings with respect to
the other requirements of this code.
4.9.9.3 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall not contain more than 4.5 kg(101b) of pyrotechnic
composition and not more than 0.23 kg(0.5 lb) of salute powder, provided that all fireworks
and pyrotechnic composition are stored properly when not in use.
4.10* Maximum Number of Occupants and Maximum Quantity Limitations.
Not more than 227 kg (500 lb) of pyrotechnic or explosive composition shall be permitted at
one time in any process building or area.
4.11 Operations.
Copyright NFPA
4.11.1 The requirements of 27 CFR, 55, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, for transfer
of the following from process buildings to magazines at the conclusion of daily operation shall
be met:
(1) Dry explosive powders and mixtures
(2) Partially assembled display fireworks
(3) Finished display fireworks
4.11.2* Unless a variance from the requirement of 4.11.1 has been issued in writing to a
manufacturer by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, all dry explosive powders and
mixtures,partially assembled display fireworks, and finished display fireworks shall be
transferred from process buildings to magazines at the conclusion of daily operation.
4.12 Fire and Explosion Prevention.
4.12.1 Rubbish, Spills, and Waste Disposal.
4.12.1.1 All buildings shall be kept clean and orderly, and dust or rubbish shall be kept to a
minimum.
4.12.1.2 Spills of explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be cleaned up, and materials used
for cleanup shall be removed immediately from the building.
4.12.1.3 The spilled material shall be destroyed by immersion in water or by burning in a
manner acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.12.1.4 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept separate from waste explosive or
pyrotechnic materials.
4.12.1.5 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept in approved, marked containers until
removed from the building.
4.12.1.6 Disposal containers shall be removed from buildings on a daily basis and removed
from the plant at regular intervals.
4.12.1.7 Waste explosive or pyrotechnic materials shall be destroyed as described in 4.12.1.3.
4.12.2 Smoking Materials.
4.12.2.1 Smoking materials shall not be carried into or in the vicinity of process buildings.
4.12.2.2 Personnel shall deposit all smoking materials at a designated location in a nonprocess
building before entering a processing plant.
4.12.2.3* Smoking shall be permitted only in office buildings or in buildings used exclusively
as lunchrooms or rest rooms and in which the presence of explosive or pyrotechnic materials is
prohibited.
Copyright NFPA
4.12.2.4 Authorized smoking locations shall comply with the following:
(1) They shall be marked as smoking areas.
(2) They shall contain designated receptacles for disposal of smoking materials.
(3) They shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher for use on
Class A fires.
4.12.2.5 Personnel whose clothing is contaminated with explosive or pyrotechnic composition
to a degree that endangers personnel safety shall not be permitted in smoking areas.
4.12.3 Substance Abuse.No employee or other person shall be permitted to enter the plant
while in possession of or under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or narcotics.
4.12.4 Clothing.
4.12.4.1 Personnel working at or supervising mixing, pressing, and loading operations shall be
provided with and shall wear cotton or other similarly protective clothing.
4.12.4.2 Other protective clothing, eye protection, and respiratory protection shall be worn as
needed.
4.12.4.3 Washing and changing facilities shall be provided for personnel.
4.12.4.4 Work clothing shall be washed frequently to prevent the accumulation of explosive or
pyrotechnic composition and shall not be worn outside the plant.
4.12.5* Oxidizers.
4.12.5.1 Oxidizers shall be stored to avoid contact with incompatible materials such as
ordinary combustibles, flammable or combustible liquids, greases, and materials that could
react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its decomposition.
4.12.5.2 Incompatible materials shall not include approved packaging materials, pallets, or
other dunnage.
4.12.5.3 Oxidizer storage shall comply with NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and
Solid Oxidizers.
4.12.6* Machinery and Tooling. Machinery and tooling shall be permitted to be made of
ferrous metal. (See also 4.5.3.4.2.)
4.13 Fire Protection and Emergency Plans.
4.13.1 Fire Extinguishers.
4.13.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in all buildings in accordance with the
requirements of NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
4.13.1.2 Fire extinguishers shall not be located in buildings in which explosive or pyrotechnic
Copyright NFPA
"'^ mixtures are exposed.
4.13.2 Emergency Plan.
4.13.2.1 Each plant shall have a formal emergency plan.
4.13.2.2 An emergency warning signal shall be established.
4.13.2.3 The emergency plan shall include employee instruction and training and shall be
applicable to all anticipated emergencies.
4.13.2.4 The emergency plan shall include instruction in the use of portable fire extinguishers
and the identification of fires on which they can be used.
4.13.2.5 Employees shall be instructed to abandon fire-fighting efforts if the fire involves or
appears likely to spread to explosive or pyrotechnic composition or devices, in which case
employees shall evacuate the building immediately and alert other plant personnel.
4.13.3 Master Electrical Disconnect.
4.13.3.1 A master electrical disconnect shall be provided at the point where the electrical
service enters the plant.
4.13.3.2 The master disconnect shall be arranged to disconnect all electrical power to the plant.
4.13.3.3 Emergency circuits, such as the electrical supply to fire pumps or emergency lighting,
shall have their own master disconnects.
4.14* Testing of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles.
4.14.1 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic materials, and pyrotechnic and explosive
compositions shall be performed only in a building or area specifically designated for the
purpose.
4.14.2 Testing shall be conducted at a safe distance from other plant buildings or structures and
process areas.
4.14.3 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic
or explosive materials shall be performed only in an area specifically designated by the
manufacturer and approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
4.15 Occupancies.
4.15.1* The number of occupants in each process building and in each magazine shall not
exceed the number necessary to conduct production operations.
4.15.2 The maximum number of occupants and maximum weight of pyrotechnic and explosive
composition permitted in each process building and in each magazine shall be posted in a
conspicuous location in each process building or magazine.
Copyright NFPA
4.16 Training.
4.16.1 Each plant shall designate an employee as safety officer who shall be responsible for
general safety, fire prevention and protection, and employee safety training.
4.16.2 The safety officer shall provide formal instruction to all employees upon their
commencing employment and at least annually thereafter, regarding safety methods,
procedures, and requirements and procedures for handling explosive and pyrotechnic
compositions and devices.
4.17 Operations in Storage Buildings.
4.17.1 While in operation, storage buildings shall be under the direct supervision of a
competent person at least 21 years old who shall be responsible for enforcing all safety
precautions.
4.17.2 Operations in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall be limited to the packaging of
finished fireworks into assortment packages or shipping cartons.
4.17.3 Housekeeping shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of 4.17.3.1
through 4.17.3.3.
4.17.3.1 No loose black powder or other exposed pyrotechnic composition shall be permitted
in a consumer fireworks storage building and, if discovered, it shall be removed immediately.
4.17.3.2 Storage buildings shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) Buildings shall be kept clean, dry, and free of grit, paper, empty used packages, and
rubbish.
(2) Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have spark-producing metal parts.
(3) Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of in compliance with all applicable
regulations.
4.17.3.3 The area around storage buildings shall be kept clear of brush, dried vegetation,
leaves, and similar combustibles for a distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft).
4.17.4 All doors shall be kept locked when the building is unoccupied or unattended.
4.17.5* Consumer fireworks shall be stored as follows:
(1) Fireworks shall be stored in cartons complying with the regulations of the U.S.
Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, 178.
(2) All containers shall be stacked neatly and in a stable manner.
(3) Unpackaged consumer fireworks returned to the storage building shall be permitted to
be stored temporarily until repackaging can be performed.
Copyright NFPA
4.17.6 Tools used for opening containers shall be nonsparking, unless they are metal slitters
used for opening fiberboard containers.
4.17.7 Before repairs are performed on the interior or exterior of a storage building where there
is a possibility of causing sparks or fire, all fireworks shall be removed from the repair area and
the interior shall be cleaned.
4.17.8 The removal of fireworks from a storage building undergoing repair shall be in
accordance with 5.2.12.
4.17.9 The following shall not be permitted inside of a storage building or within 7.6 m (25 ft)
of stored consumer fireworks:
(1) Smoking
(2) Matches
(3) Open flames
(4) Spark-producing devices
(5) Firearms
4.17.10 Signs that read as follows in letters not less than 101.6 mm (4 in.)high on a contrasting
background shall be conspicuously posted:
FIREWORKS —NO SMOKING
4.17.11 No consumer fireworks shall be stored within 30.5 m (100 ft) of any dispensing unit
for flammable liquids or gases.
4.17.12* Portable fire-fighting equipment shall be provided in consumer fireworks storage
areas as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
4.17.13 The operator of each consumer fireworks storage building shall prepare a written
emergency action plan, in which employees shall be trained, that provides specific directions to
be followed in the event of a fire.
4.18 Work Areas in Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings.
4.18.1 For the purposes of repackaging consumer fireworks only, work areas shall be separated
from stored consumer fireworks by a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1 hour or by a
minimum separation distance of 7.6 m (25 ft).
4.18.2 Work areas shall have an exit other than an exit through the area in which consumer
fireworks are stored.
4.19 Item Construction.
4.19.1 Aerial Shells. Aerial shells shall be constructed so that they fit easily into the
Copyright NFPA
appropriately sized mortar, and so that the appropriate lift charge and internal delay fuse are
used to propel the shell to a safe altitude before functioning.
4.19.2 Safety Caps. Safety caps shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the internal delay fuse.
(2) The safety cap shall be of a different color than that of the fuse and shall be installed in
such a manner that the fuse remains undamaged when removed.
(3) Electrically fired displays shall not require a safety cap, provided that no pyrotechnic
composition is exposed.
4.19.3 Display Fireworks—Ground Salutes.
4.19.3.1 Display fireworks—ground salutes shall not exceed 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter x 76 mm
(3 in.) in length.
4.19.3.2 The maximum quantity of salute powder in display fireworks—ground salutes shall not
exceed 71 g(2.5 oz).
4.19.3.3 Display fireworks—ground salutes shall not be constructed using brittle plastic.
4.19.3.4 To allow the person igniting the aerial shells to retreat safely, the time delay between
igniting the tip of the shell's fuse and the firing of the shell shall be not less than 3 seconds or
more than 6 seconds.
4.19.3.5 Electrically ignited displays shall not require the delay period specified in 4.19.3.4.
4.19.4 Labeling.
4.19.4.1 Pyrotechnic articles intended for indoor use shall be so marked, and labels shall
include the following information:
(1) Accurate performance characteristics of the device
(2) For fountains, gerbs, and other preloads, duration, height, and diameter of the effect, as
applicable
4.19.4.2 Pyrotechnic articles marked for indoor use shall be permitted to be used outdoors.
4.19.4.3 Pyrotechnic articles marked by the manufacturer for indoor use shall be used indoors
only.
4.19.4.4 All binary systems shall be labeled with the following information in addition to the
general requirements:
(1) Type of contents and general use of the material
(2) Description of conditions of use, potential hazards, and required equipment with
instructions for use
i-'
Copyright NFPA
(3) Manufacturer's statement regarding whether the material is permitted for indoor use and
the conditions under which the material is to be used
4.19.4.5 All binary materials intended for indoor use shall be preweighed, premeasured,
prepackaged, and identified by the manufacturer as permitted for indoor use.
4.19.5 Requirements for Display Fireworks Aerial Devices. In addition to the general
requirements, the requirements of 4.19.5.1 through 4.19.5.6 shall apply to aerial devices for
display fireworks.
4.19.5.1 Aerial shells, mines, and comets shall be classified and described only in terms of the
inside diameter of the mortar from which they are to be fired.
4.19.5.2 As a minimum, each shell shall be marked with the following information:
(1) Size of the shell
(2) Description of the type of shell
(3)* Warning statement that reads as follows:
WARNING: DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE. IF FOUND, DO NOT HANDLE.
CONTACT LOCAL FIRE OR POLICE DEPARTMENT.
(4) User instructions for disposal, if needed
4.19.5.3 Single break aerial salute shells shall be limited to a maximum size of 5 in. in
diameter and length (exclusive of propellant charge). Minimum standards of use shall include:
(1) Non-metal mortars shall be used.
(2) Mortars used for salutes over 3 in. in diameter and length (exclusive of propellant
charge) shall be individually supported and separated from other mortars by 10 times the
inside diameter of the mortar.
(3) Remote ignition or use of an added 5-second minimum delay fuse extension shall be
used.
(4) Salute shells shall be preloaded into mortars.
4.19.5.4 Multiple break shells with salutes and shells consisting of multiple salute inserts or
components shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Final or"bottom" shots (salutes) on multiple break shells shall not exceed the criteria
for single break salutes.
(2) Aerial shells containing multiple salutes shall consist of component salutes not
exceeding 3 in. and 3 oz individually.
(3) Requirements of ruse and operator restrictions described for single break salutes shall
apply, except that multi-break shells shall be permitted to be fired from steel mortars
Copyright NFPA
r buried in the ground, troughs, or drums.
4.19.5.5 The label or wrapper of any type of aerial salute shall be marked with the word salute.
4.19.5.6 All preloaded, chain-fused aerial items shall have instructions for placement and
stabilization necessary to prevent tipover.
Chapter 5 Storage of Display Fireworks, Pyrotechnic Articles, .
Salute Powder, Pyrotechnic and Explosive Compositions and :.
3;lack Powder
5.1 General Requirements.
5.1.1 Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and explosive
compositions, and black powder shall be stored in magazines at all times, except during
manufacture, packaging, transportation, or use.
5.1.1.1 Bulk salute and bulk salute powder shall be stored only in Type 1 or Type 2 magazines.
5.1.1.2 The following shall be stored only in Type 1, Type 2, or Type 4 magazines:
(1) Display fireworks that are not bullet sensitive
(2) Pyrotechnic articles categorized as Explosives 1.3, other than bulk salute and bulk salute
powder
(3) Black powder
5.1.2 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that are not categorized
as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and public
highways by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3 or Table 4.9.4.5.
5.1.3 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that are not categorized
as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from other magazines and from plant buildings by the
distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1.
5.1.4 Magazines containing black powder shall be separated from inhabited buildings,
passenger railways, public highways, and other magazines by the distances specified in Table
4.9.3.
5.2 Storage Within Magazines.
5.2.1 Magazines shall be supervised at all times by a competent person at least 21 years old
who shall be responsible for enforcing all safety precautions.
5.2.2* All magazines containing explosives shall be inspected at intervals not exceeding 7 days
to determine whether there has been unauthorized or attempted entry or whether there has been
Copyright NFPA
unauthorized removal of the magazines.
5.2.3* Magazine doors shall be kept closed and shall be kept locked at all times when the
facility is not in operation.
5.2.4 Magazine doors shall not be required to be closed and locked during placement or
removal of explosive materials or during inspection.
5.2.5* Containers of explosive materials shall be piled in a stable manner and laid flat with top
side up.
5.2.6 The following shall apply to containers of explosive materials:
(1) Containers shall not be opened, unpacked, or repacked inside of or within 15.2 m (50 ft)
of a magazine or in close proximity to other explosives.
(2) Fiberboard containers shall be permitted to be opened inside of or within 15.2 m (50 ft)
of a magazine, provided that they are not unpacked.
5.2.7 Tools used for opening containers of explosive materials shall be nonsparking, unless
they are metal slitters used for opening fiberboard containers.
5.2.8 Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of explosive and pyrotechnic
materials.
5.2.8.1 Metal tools other than nonferrous conveyors shall not be stored in magazines.
5.2.8.2 Ferrous metal conveyor stands protected by a coat of paint shall be permitted to be
stored within magazines.
5.2.9 Magazine floors shall be swept regularly and kept clean, dry, and free of grit, paper,
empty packing materials, and rubbish.
5.2.9.1 Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have spark-producing metal parts.
5.2.9.2 Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
5.2.10 Where any explosive or pyrotechnic material has deteriorated to the extent that it has
become unstable or dangerous, the person responsible shall immediately contact the
manufacturer for assistance.
5.2.11 Before repairs are made to the interior of a magazine, all explosive or pyrotechnic
material shall be removed, and the interior shall be cleaned.
5.2.12 Before repairs are made to the exterior of a magazine where there is a possibility of
causing sparks or fire, all explosive and pyrotechnic material shall be removed.
5.2.13 Explosive or pyrotechnic material removed from a magazine undergoing repair shall be
stored as follows:
Copyright NFPA
(1) The material shall be either placed in another magazine or placed a safe distance from
the magazine, where it shall be guarded and protected properly.
(2) Upon completion of the repairs, the material shall be returned promptly to the magazine.
5.3 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions.
5.3.1 The following shall not be permitted inside of or within 15 m (50 ft) of a magazine:
(1) Smoking
(2) Matches
(3) Open flames
(4) Spark-producing devices
(5) Firearms, other than firearms carried by authorized security personnel
5.3.2 The area around a magazine shall be kept clear of brush, dried vegetation, leaves, and
similar combustibles for a distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft).
5.3.3 Combustible materials shall not be stored within 15.2 m (50 ft) of a magazine.
5.4 Requirements for Shipping Buildings for Display Fireworks.
5.4.1 Shipping buildings shall be separated from process buildings in accordance with the
distances specified in Table 4.9.3.
5.4.2 Shipping buildings shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railroads,
public highways, and magazines in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1.
5.4.3* Separation distances for shipping buildings for storage of display fireworks shall be in
accordance with Table 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.5, as appropriate, with a maximum of 22,680 kg
(50,000 lb) net weight of display fireworks permitted to be stored.
5.4.4 Separation distances for shipping buildings for the storage of finished salutes shall be in
accordance with Table 4.9.4.5 with a maximum of 227 kg(500 lb) net weight of finished
salutes permitted to be stored.
5.4.5 All electrical equipment and fixtures in a shipping building shall meet the requirements
for hazardous locations in accordance with NFPA 70,National Electrical Code®.
5.4.6 Display fireworks awaiting packing and shipping shall be permitted to be stored in a
shipping building overnight,provided that the building is fire resistant and theft resistant.
5.4.6.1 The building shall be locked when not in operation.
5.4.6.2 Windows shall be guarded with bars or similar protection.
Copyright NFPA
tiP>
C. f-5,b Storage o► �Co sumtr Fireworks j
6.1 Applicability.
6.1.1* Storage of consumer fireworks at manufacturing and distribution facilities shall comply
with the requirements of this chapter.
6.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the following:
(1) Permanent buildings and structures including the following:
(a) Consumer fireworks storage buildings or areas
(b) Consumer fireworks work buildings, rooms or areas
(2) Temporary facilities including the following:
(a) Trailers
(b) Semitrailers
(c) Metal shipping containers
6.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to buildings or facilities where the net weight of the
pyrotechnic content of consumer fireworks stored does not exceed 125 lb, or 250 lb where the
building is protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
6.1.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used as a magazine. Consumer
fireworks shall be permitted to be stored in a magazine.
6.1.5 Consumer fireworks work buildings shall not be used as process buildings. Consumer
fireworks shall be permitted to be processed in a process building.
6.1.6* For the purposes of this chapter, the terms "consumer fireworks" and "pyrotechnic
articles" shall mean assembled devices that have been approved by the Department of
Transportation as Fireworks UN0336 and Articles, Pyrotechnic UN0431 and UN0432.
6.2 General Requirements For the Storage of Consumer Fireworks.
6.2.1 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.
6.2.2 Work rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage buildings
provided such work rooms or areas comply with Section 6.13.
6.2.3 Exterior door and window openings in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall be
equipped with a means for locking.
6.2.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used for residential occupancies and
Copyright NFPA
shall not be located in residential areas.
6.2.5 Finished consumer fireworks at a manufacturing or distribution facility shall be stored in
consumer fireworks storage buildings, trailers, semitrailers, metal shipping containers, or
magazines.
6.2.6 Receiving, picking, packing, packaging, and shipping shall be permitted in consumer
fireworks storage buildings or areas.
6.3 Permit Requirements.
6.3.1 Permits. Where required, a permit shall be obtained to construct, erect, or operate any
consumer fireworks storage or work building, room, or area.
6.3.2 Plans. Where required, plans for consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms or
areas shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction with the permit application. The
plans shall include the design, details, and specifications for the following:
(1) Distances from public ways,buildings, facilities, magazines, motor vehicle
fuel-dispensing stations, retail propane dispensing stations, flammable and combustible
liquid aboveground tank storage, and flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk
aboveground storage and dispensing areas within 30.5 m (100 ft) of the building used to
store or handle consumer fireworks
(2) Vehicle access and parking areas
(3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers
(4) Floor plan and layout of storage and handling to indicate compliance with this chapter
(5) Means of egress
(6) Construction details
6.4 Construction.
6.4.1 Buildings and Structures. Consumer fireworks shall only be stored in the following
buildings or structures, provided that the building or structure does not exceed one story in
height and does not contain a basement:
(1) Buildings or structures constructed in accordance with the building code enforced by the
authority having jurisdiction
(2) Buildings or structures constructed in accordance with 6.4.2
(3) Magazines meeting the requirements in Chapter 4.
(4) Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers that are separated by at least 6.1 m
(20 ft) from any building or structure other than trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping
containers.
Copyright NFPA
6.4.2 Construction Materials. The following construction requirements shall apply to
consumer fireworks storage buildings in jurisdictions that have not adopted a building code:
(1) Buildings having an area not greater than 743 m2 (8000 ft2) shall be permitted to be
constructed of any approved construction materials.
(2) Buildings having an area greater than 743 m2 (8000 ft 2) shall be constructed in
accordance with one of the following:
(a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials.
(b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours
shall be permitted to have the roof decking and its supporting structure and interior
partitions constructed of combustible materials.
(3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum rating of Class C as determined
in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
6.4.3 Multiple Use Buildings.
6.4.3.1 Where consumer fireworks storage is located in a building containing other tenants, the
consumer fireworks storage area shall be separated from the other tenants by fire barriers
having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.
6.4.3.1.1 Openings in the fire barriers shall not be permitted.
6.4.3.1.2 Any penetrations of the fire barriers shall be protected in accordance with NFPA
101®,Life Safety Code®.
6.4.3.2 Office areas ancillary to the consumer fireworks storage building shall be separated
from the consumer fireworks storage area by fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of not
less than 1 hour.
6.4.3.2.1 Door and window openings in the fire bather wall shall be protected by self-closing
fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour and shall
be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows.
6.4.3.2.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire bather wall shall be protected in
accordance with NFPA 10I®,Life Safety Code®.
6.4.4 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish. Interior wall and ceiling finish shall be Class A, Class
B, or Class C in accordance with NFPA 1018,Life Safety Code®.
6.5 Fire Protection.
6.5.1* Automatic Sprinkler System. An automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be provided in
consumer fireworks storage buildings greater than 1,115 m2 (12,000 ft2).
6.5.1.1 The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed using the following criteria for the
Copyright NFPA
areas where the consumer fireworks are stored in DOT approved packaging:
(1) Consumer fireworks stored in DOT approved packaging shall be considered as a Class
IV commodity.
(2) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 3 m (10 ft) in racks, or 3.7 m (12
ft) otherwise, shall be classified as an Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) occupancy.
(3) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 3.7 m (12 ft) in racks,but greater
than 3 m (10 ft), shall be classified as an Extra Hazard (Group 1) occupancy.
(4) Consumer fireworks stored to a height greater than 3.7 m (12 ft) shall be protected by an
automatic sprinkler system designed using a fire control approach or a special design
approach in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems.
6.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visible alarms
throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®.
6.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers.
6.5.2.1 Installation. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 10,
Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
6.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks storage or work building shall have not
less than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating.
6.5.2.3 Pressurized Water Type.At least one of the required fire extinguishers shall be of the
pressurized water type.
6.5.2.4 Multipurpose Dry Chemical Type. At least one of the required fire extinguishers shall
be of the multipurpose dry chemical type having a minimum 4A rating.
6.5.2.5 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for consumer fireworks storage or work buildings
shall be located so that the maximum distance of travel to reach an extinguisher from any point
shall not exceed 22.8 m(75 ft) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire
Extinguishers.
6.5.3 Smoke and Heat Vents. Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in consumer fireworks
storage buildings exceeding 4,644 m2 (50,000 ft2) in undivided area.
6.6 Site Requirements.
6.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a building or other defined
perimeter of a consumer fireworks storage facility shall be accessible within 45.7 m (150 ft) of
a public way or an approved fire apparatus access.
es", 6.7 Separation Distances.
Copyright NFPA
6.7.1* Permanent consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall be separated from
adjacent permanent buildings and structures in accordance with Table 6.7.1.
Table 6.7.1 Separation Distance for
Permanent Consumer Fireworks Storage or
Work Buildings
Exterior Wall Exterior Resistan Protectio
Opening Wall Fire ce n Rating
Separation Rating (hr)
Distance (hr)
m ft
9.15< 18.3 30<60 1 3/4
18.3 60 0 0
6.7.1.1 The minimum separation distance shall not be less than 9.15 m (30 ft).
6.7.2 Other Separation Distances.
6.7.2.1 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall not be located within 15.2 m (50
ft) of the following:
r
(1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers
(2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers
(3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities
(4) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flammable gas, or
flammable liquefied gas
6.7.2.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall not be located within 91.2 m (300
ft) of any aboveground bulk storage or bulk dispensing area for the following:
(1) Flammable or combustible liquid
(2) Flammable gas
(3) Flammable liquefied gas
6.7.2.3 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall be separated from magazines and
process buildings by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3.
6.8 Means of Egress.
6.8.1 Means of egress in permanent consumer fireworks storage or work buildings or areas
shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA J0T®,Life Safety Code®.
Copyright NFPA
6.8.2 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers that are not normally occupied shall
not be required to comply with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®.
6.8.3 Doors.
6.8.3.1 Exterior exit doors shall open outward.
6.8.3.2 Doors in the means of egress shall be at least 910 mm (36 in.) wide and kept free of
obstructions.
6.8.3.3 Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware.
6.8.3.4 Exit doors shall be unlocked when the building is occupied.
6.8.4 Aisles.
6.8.4.1 Aisles shall be at least 910 mm (36 in.) wide and shall be kept free of obstructions.
6.8.4.2 Dead end aisles shall not exceed 15.2 m (50 ft) in length.
6.8.5 Egress Travel Distance. Exits provided for consumer fireworks storage or work
buildings or areas shall be located so that the maximum egress travel distance as measured from
the most remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel shall
not exceed 60.8 m (200 ft).
6.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting.
6.9.1 Exit Signs.
6.9.1.1 Exits in consumer fireworks storage or work buildings or areas shall be marked by an
approved exit sign in accordance with NFPA 1018,Life Safety Code®.
6.9.1.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or internally or externally illuminated.
6.9.2 Emergency Lighting.
6.9.2.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated whenever the
facility is occupied in accordance with NFPA 1018,Life Safety Code®.
6.9.2.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks storage or work buildings
or areas and shall comply with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®.
6.10* Electrical Requirements.
Electrical fixtures and wiring shall comply with NFPA 70,National Electrical Code®.
6.11 Operations.
6.11.1 Receiving, storing, picking from cartons, packing into cartons, packaging into retail
packages including assortments, shipping, and other similar operations involving finished
consumer fireworks shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms,
Copyright NFPA
i^ or areas that meet the requirements of this chapter.
6.11.2 Picking, sorting, packaging, packing, and other similar operations involving finished
consumer fireworks shall be conducted in consumer fireworks work buildings or consumer
fireworks work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage buildings that meet the
requirements of this chapter.
6.11.3 Exterior doors and windows shall be kept locked when the building is not occupied or
otherwise attended.
6.11.4* Consumer fireworks shall be stored in accordance with NFPA 230, Standard for the
Fire Protection of Storage, and as follows:
(I) Consumer fireworks shall be stored in packaging complying with the regulations of the
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, Part 178.
(2) Cartons shall be stacked neatly and in a stable manner.
(3) Consumer fireworks returned to these buildings shall be permitted to be stored
temporarily in cartons until repackaging or repacking can be performed.
6.11.5 Firearms, unless carried by authorized personnel or law enforcement personnel, shall
not be permitted inside a consumer fireworks storage or work building, room, or area or within
15 m (50 ft) of stored consumer fireworks.
6.11.5.1 Smoking materials, matches, lighters, or open flame devices shall not be allowed
within 15.2 m (50 ft) of any area where fireworks or other pyrotechnic materials are present.
6.11.5.1.1 Authorized smoking locations shall be so marked, shall contain designated
receptacles for disposal of smoking materials, and shall be provided with at least one approved
portable fire extinguisher for use on Class A fires.
6.11.5.2 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic materials, and pyrotechnic and explosive
compositions shall be performed only in a building or area specifically designated for that
purpose.
6.11.5.2.1 The testing shall be conducted at a safe distance from other buildings.
6.11.6 Signs that read as follows in letters not less than 102 mm (4 in.)high on a contrasting
background shall be conspicuously posted on the outside of any consumer fireworks storage
building:
FIREWORKS—NO SMOKING
6.11.7* The operator of each consumer fireworks storage or work building or area shall prepare
a written emergency response plan that provides specific directions to be followed in the event
of a fire.
i-- 6.12 Housekeeping.
Copyright NFPA
6.12.1 No loose black powder or other exposed pyrotechnic composition shall be permitted. If
loose composition is discovered, it shall be removed immediately and disposed of in an
approved manner.
6.12.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms or areas shall comply with the
following:
(1) Interiors shall be kept clean, dry, and free of grit and rubbish.
(2) Tools used for cleaning up loose pyrotechnic composition shall not have
spark-producing metal parts.
(3) Sweepings shall be disposed of in an approved manner.
6.12.3 The area around consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall be kept clear of
brush, dried vegetation, rubbish, and similar combustibles for a distance of at least 7.6 m (25
ft).
6.13 Consumer Fireworks Work Buildings, Rooms, or Areas.
6.13.1 Consumer fireworks work buildings, rooms, or areas shall also comply with this section.
6.13.2 The quantity of consumer fireworks being handled outside of DOT approved packaging
shall be limited to that necessary to conduct the operation.
6.13.3 Aisles shall be at least 1.2 m (48 in.) wide and shall be kept free of obstructions that
reduce the required width.
6.13.4 Exit doors shall be kept free of obstructions.
6.13.5 Work rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage buildings.
6.13.5.1 Work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall be separated from
stored consumer fireworks by a fire barrier wall having a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hour
or by a separation distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft).
6.13.5.2 Work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall have at least two
remotely located means of egress with at least one means of egress not having to pass through a
storage area.
6.13.6 Light fixtures within 7.6 m (25 ft) of any consumer fireworks shall have guards.
6.14 Trailers, Semitrailers, and Metal Shipping Containers.
6.14.1 Trailers, semitrailers or metal shipping containers shall comply with this section.
6.14.2 Trailers, semitrailers or metal shipping containers that are not normally occupied shall
be permitted to be locked during operation.
6.14.3 Where an aisle is provided, the aisle shall be not less than 710 mm (28 in.) in clear
r
Copyright NFPA
width.
6.14.4 At least one pressurized water type fire extinguisher having a minimum 2A rating shall
be located within 22.8 m (75 fi).
6.14.5 Panic hardware on exit doors shall not be required.
6.14.6 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers used for consumer fireworks
storage shall be pcimitted to be placed side by side with no minimum separation distance and
stacked to a maximum height of two units.
Chapter 7;R ta1l,Saa es of Consu inter lreworks
7.1 Applicability.
7.1.1 Retail sales of consumer fireworks in both new and existing buildings, structures, and
facilities shall comply with the requirements of this chapter unless otherwise indicated.
7.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the following:
(1) Permanent buildings and structures, including the following:
(a) Stores
(b) Bulk merchandising retail buildings
(c) Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities
(2) Temporary facilities, including the following:
(a) Consumer fireworks retail sales stands
(b) Tents
(c) Canopies
(d) Membrane structures
7.1.3 Exempt Amounts.
7.1.3.1 The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to consumer fireworks retail sales
facilities or stores where the consumer fireworks are in packages and where the total quantity of
consumer fireworks on hand does not exceed 56.8 kg [125 lb (net)] of pyrotechnic composition
or, in a building protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 113.6 kg [250 lb
(net)] of pyrotechnic composition.
7.1.3.2 Where the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composition of consumer fireworks is not
known, 25 percent of the gross weight of the consumer fireworks, including packaging, shall be
Copyright NFPA
permitted to be used to determine the weight of the pyrotechnic composition.
7.1.4 For the purpose of this chapter, stores and bulk merchandising retail buildings in which
consumer fireworks retail sales are conducted shall not be considered consumer fireworks retail
sales facilities as defined in Section 3.3 where both of the following conditions exist:
(1) The area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail displays of consumer fireworks
does not exceed 25 percent of the area of the retail sales floor in the building or 55.5 m2
(600 ft2), whichever is less.
(2) The consumer fireworks are displayed and sold in a manner approved by the authority
having jurisdiction and comply with the applicable provisions of this code, federal and
state law, and local ordinances.
7.1.5* Retail sales of consumer fireworks shall be limited to mercantile occupancies defined in
NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®.
7.2 General Requirements for Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks.
7.2.1 Display Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. Retail sales of display fireworks and
pyrotechnic articles, including the related storage and display for sale of such fireworks and
articles, shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store.
7.2.2 Consumer Fireworks. Retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their related storage
and display for sale of such fireworks, shall be in accordance with this code.
7.2.3 Prohibited Explosive Devices. Retail sales of certain explosive devices prohibited by the
Child Safety Act of 1966, including the related storage and display for sale of such devices,
shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store.
7.2.4 Pest Control Devices. The retail sales of pest control devices, including their related
storage and display for sale, shall be prohibited.
7.2.5 Noncomplying Fireworks. The retail sales of fireworks that do not comply with the
regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission as set forth in 16 CFR 1500 and
1507 and the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation as set forth in 49 CFR 100
to 178, including their related storage and display for sale, shall be prohibited.
7.2.6 Any building or structure used for the retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their
related storage, shall comply with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®, for mercantile occupancies,
except as provided herein.
7.3 Permit Requirements.
7.3.1* Permits. Where required by state or local laws, ordinances, or regulations, a permit for
the following shall be obtained:
(1) Construction, erection, or operation of the following:
Copyright NFPA
(a) Permanent building or structure
(b) Temporary structure such as a stand, tent, or canopy used for the purpose of the
retail display or sale of consumer fireworks to the public
(2) Storage of consumer fireworks in connection with the retail display or sale of consumer
fireworks to the public
7.3.2 Plans.
7.3.2.1 Where required, plans for consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall be submitted
to the authority having jurisdiction with the permit application.
7.3.2.2 Plans for facilities other than stands and tents shall include the following:
(1) Minimum distances from the following:
(a) Public ways
(b) Buildings
(c) Other consumer fireworks retail sales facilities
(d) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations
(e) Retail propane-dispensing stations
(0 Flammable and combustible liquid aboveground tank storage
(g) Flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk aboveground storage and
dispensing areas within 91.5 m (300 ft) of the facility used for the retail sales of
consumer fireworks
(2) Vehicle access and parking areas
(3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers
(4) Floor plan and layout of storage and displays to indicate compliance with this chapter
and applicable state or local laws, ordinances, or regulations
(5) Means of egress
(6) Construction details
7.3.2.3 The site plan for stands and tents shall show the location of the stand or tent on the site
and indicate the minimum separation distances required by Section 7.7.
7.4 Construction.
7.4.1 Buildings and Structures. Consumer fireworks shall only be permitted to be sold at
retail in any of the following buildings or structures, provided that any new building or structure
does not exceed one story in height:
Copyright NFPA
(1) Permanent buildings or structures constructed in accordance with the building code
enforced by the authority having jurisdiction
(2) Tents, canopies, or temporary membrane structures complying with NFPA 102,
Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane
Structures
(3) Temporary structures constructed in accordance with this chapter
(4) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands greater than 74 m2 (800 ft2) in area
that also meet the requirements for a permanent structure
(5) Vehicles, such as vans,buses, trailers, recreational vehicles, motor homes, travel
trailers, trucks, and automobiles, complying with the applicable requirements for
consumer fireworks retail sales stands
7.4.2 Construction Materials. The following construction materials requirements shall apply
to new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities in jurisdictions that have not
adopted a local building code:
(1) Buildings having an area up to and including 743 m2 (8,000 ft2) shall be permitted to be
constructed of any approved construction materials.
(2) Buildings having an area greater than 743 m2 (8,000 ft2) shall be constructed in
r- accordance with one of the following:
(a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited-combustible
materials.
(b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours
shall be permitted to have the roof decking and its supporting structure and interior
partitions constructed of combustible materials.
(3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum rating of Class C as determined
in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
7.4.3 Multiple-Tenant Buildings.
7.4.3.1 Where new consumer fireworks retail sales facilities are located in a building
containing other tenants, the consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be separated from the
other tenants by fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours without
openings.
7.4.3.2 Where the new building is protected per NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler Systems, the fire resistance rating of the fire barrier in 7.4.3.1 shall be not less than 1
hour.
7.4.4 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer fireworks in a new permanent
consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler
Copyright NFPA
system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems, or separated from the retail sales area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of
not less than 1 hour.
7.4.4.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected by self-closing fire
doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating of not less than 3/4 hour and shall be
installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows.
7.4.4.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be protected in
accordance with NFPA l0l®,Life Safety Code®.
7.5 Fire Protection.
7.5.1 Automatic Sprinkler System.
7.5.1.1 An automatic sprinkler system shall be required and shall be installed in accordance
with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and shall be provided in
permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities greater than 557.2 m2 (6000 ft2) in area.
7.5.1.2 The waterfow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visual alarms
throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72®,National Fire Alarm Code®.
7.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers.
7.5.2.1 Specification. Portable fire extinguishers shall be specified as required for extra (high)
hazard occupancy in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
7.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall have not less
than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating, at least one of which shall be of
the pressurized water type.
7.5.2.2.1 Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands of less than 18.6 m2 (200 ft2) shall
be required to have only one portable fire extinguisher.
7.5.2.2.2 Where more than one portable fire extinguisher is required, at least one fire
extinguisher shall be of the multipurpose dry chemical type if the facility is provided with
electrical power.
7.5.2.3 Location.
7.5.2.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers for permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities
and stores shall be located so that the maximum distance of travel required to reach an
extinguisher from any point does not exceed 23 m (75 ft) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for
Portable Fire Extinguishers.
7.5.2.3.2 Portable fire extinguishers for temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities
shall be installed and located so that the maximum distance of travel required to reach an
extinguisher from any point does not exceed 10.6 m (35 ft).
Copyright NFPA
7.5.3 Fire Alarms.
7.5.3.1 A fire alarm system shall be provided as required by NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®.
7.5.3.2 In permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities greater than 278.6 m2 (3,000 ft2)
in area and in Class B stores a public address system or a means for manually activating an
audible and visible alarm indicating devices located throughout the facility in accordance with
NFPA 72®,National Fire Alarm Code®, shall be provided at a constantly attended location
when the facility or store is occupied.
7.5.4 Smoke Control.
7.5.4.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 204, Standard
for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in the consumer fireworks retail sales area of
new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores where the ceiling height is
less than 3.05 m (10 ft) and the travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 7.6 m (25 ft).
7.5.4.2 The smoke and heat vents shall be automatically activated by a smoke detection system
installed throughout the consumer fireworks retail sales area in accordance with NFPA 72®,
National Fire Alarm Code®.
7.6 Site Requirements.
7.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a building, sidewall of a
tent, or other defined perimeter of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be accessible
within 45.7 m (150 ft) of a public way or an approved fire apparatus access.
7.6.2 Clearance to Combustibles. The area located within 9 m (30 ft) of a consumer fireworks
retail sales facility shall be kept free of accumulated dry grass, dry brush, and combustible
debris.
7.6.3 Parking. No motor vehicle or trailer used for the storage of consumer fireworks shall be
parked within 3 m (10 ft) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility, except when delivering,
loading, or unloading fireworks or other merchandise and materials used, stored, or displayed
for sale in the facility.
7.6.4 Fireworks Discharge.
7.6.4.1 Fireworks shall not be ignited, discharged, or otherwise used within 91.5 m (300 ft) of a
consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store.
7.6.4.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 102 mm (4 in.) high on a
contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted on the exterior of each side of the
consumer fireworks retail sales facility:
NO FIREWORKS DISCHARGE WITHIN 300 FEET
7.6.5 No Smoking Signs.
r.
Copyright NFPA
7.6.5.1 Smoking shall not be permitted inside or within 15.5 m (50 ft) of the consumer
fireworks retail sales area.
7.6.5.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 51 mm(2 in.)high on a
contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted at each entrance or within 3.05 m (10 ft)
of every aisle directly serving the consumer fireworks retail sales area in a store:
FIREWORKS -NO SMOKING
7.7 Separation Distances.
7.7.1 Permanent Facilities.
7.7.1.1 New Facilities. New permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall be
separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures in accordance with Table 7.7.1.1.
Table 7.7.1.1 Separation Distances Between New
Permanent Buildings and Structures
Separation Distances Exterior Wall Exterior Wall
Fire Resistance Opening Protection
m ft Rating Rating
(1w) (hr)
<3.05 < 10 2 1/2
3.05 to< ≥ 10 to<60 1 3
18.3
18.3 ? 60 0 0
7.7.1.2 Existing Facilities. Existing permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall
be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures by not less than 3.05 m (10 ft) or
shall be separated by a wall with a 1-hour fire resistance rating.
7.7.2 Temporary Facilities. Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall be
located as specified in Table 7.7.2.
Table 7.7.2 Temporary Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facilities—Minirr
Buildings Combustiblesa Tentsb Vehicle Parking
m ft m ft m ft m ft m
Tentsb 6.1 20 6.1 20 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1
Standsc 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 3.05 10 1.5d
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r
Table 7.7.2 Temporary Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facilities—Minirr
Buildings Combustiblesa Tentsb Vehicle Parking
m ft m ft m ft m ft m
a The required clearances to combustibles shall also comply with 7.6.2.
b Tents refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales in tents,canopies,and membrane structures.
c Stands refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands.
d Where stands are separated from each other by less than 6.1 m(20 ft),the aggregate area of such stands shall not e
7.7.3 Other Separation Distances.
7.7.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall not be located within 15.2 m
(50 ft) of the following:
(1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers
(2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers
(3) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flammable gas, or
flammable liquefied gas
(4) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities
7.7.3.2 Consumer fireworks retail sales and storage areas shall not be located within 91.2 m
(300 ft) of any aboveground bulk storage or bulk dispensing area for the following:
(1) Flammable or combustible liquid
(2) Flammable gas
(3) Flammable liquefied gas
7.7.3.3 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment shall not be considered bulk
storage.
7.7.3.4 Fuel storage for generators shall be in accordance with 7.11.3.
7.8 Means of Egress.
7.8.1 General. Means of egress in consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall comply with
the applicable requirements of NFPA 101*,Life Safety Code®, as modified by Section 7.8.
7.8.1.1 Means of egress in stores and bulk merchandising retail buildings where the retail sales
of consumer fireworks are conducted shall comply with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®, unless
otherwise specified in Section 7.8.
7.8.1.2* Means of egress in tents and membrane structures used for consumer fireworks retail
sales shall comply with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®, and NFPA 102, Standard for
Copyright NFPA
Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures, as modified by
Section 7.8.
7.8.2* Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan.
7.8.2.1 For a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store, an approved fire safety and
evacuation plan shall be prepared in writing and maintained current.
7.8.2.2 The evacuation plan shall be posted in a conspicuous location that is accessible to the
public as well as to persons employed or otherwise working in the facility.
7.8.2.3 An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall not be required for temporary
consumer fireworks retail sales stands.
7.8.3 Number of Exits.
7.8.3.1 The minimum number of exits provided from the retail sales area shall be not less than
three or as determined in accordance with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®, whichever number is
greater.
7.8.3.2 Retail sales areas within Class C stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales are
conducted and temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands shall have a minimum of two
exits.
7.8.4 Egress Travel Distance.
7.8.4.1 Exits provided for the retail sales area of tents, membrane structures, canopies, and
permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, including Class C stores, shall be located
so that the maximum egress travel distance, measured from the most remote point to an exit
along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel, does not exceed 22.9 m (75 ft).
7.8.4.2 Exits provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands shall be arranged so that the
maximum egress travel distance does not exceed 10.6 m (35 ft).
7.8.5 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in consumer fireworks retail sales
facilities or within the consumer fireworks retail sales area of a store shall comply with this
subsection.
7.8.5.1 Aisle Width.
7.8.5.1.1 Aisles shall have a minimum clear width of 1.2 m (48 in.).
7.8.5.1.2 The required width of aisles shall be maintained unobstructed at all times the facility
is occupied by the public.
7.8.5.2 Minimum Clear Width. In temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the
interior is not accessible to the public, the minimum clear width of the aisle shall be permitted
to be not less than 710 mm (28 in.).
7.8.5.3* Aisle Arrangements.
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Copyright NFPA
7.8.5.3.1 Not less than one aisle shall be provided and arranged so that travel along the aisle
leads directly to an exit.
7.8.5.3.2 Other required exits shall be located at, or within 3.05 m (10 ft) of, the end of an aisle
or cross aisle.
7.8.5.3.3 Aisles shall terminate at an exit, another aisle, or a cross-aisle.
7.8.5.3.4 Dead-end aisles shall be prohibited.
7.8.5.3.5 Where more than one aisle is provided, not less than one cross-aisle shall have an
unobstructed connection with every aisle, other than cross-aisles.
7.8.5.3.6 Cross-aisle connections shall be provided for each aisle at intervals not greater than
15.2 m (50 ft) as measured along the aisle.
7.8.5.3.7 Where cross-aisles are required, not less than one cross-aisle shall have at least one
end terminate at, or within 3.05 m (10 ft) of, an exit.
7.8.6 Doors and Doorways. Doors and doorways used in the means of egress shall comply
with this subsection.
7.8.6.1 Egress doors shall be not less than 910 mm (36 in.) in width [providing a minimum of
813 mm (32 in.) clear width].
7.8.6.2 Exit openings from tents shall have a clear opening width of not less than 1,100 mm
(44 in.).
7.8.6.3 Egress doors provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is
not accessible to the public shall be permitted to be not less than 710 mm (28 in.) in width.
7.8.6.4 For other than temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is
not accessible to the public, every egress door that has a latching device shall be provided with
panic hardware complying with NFPA JOT®,Life Safety Code®.
7.8.6.5 Means of egress doors shall be of the side-hinge swinging type and shall be arranged to
swing in the direction of egress travel.
7.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting.
7.9.1 Exit Signs.
7.9.1.1 Exits shall be marked by an approved exit sign in accordance with NFPA 101®,Life
Safety Code®.
7.9.1.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or internally or externally illuminated.
7.9.1.3 Exit signs shall not be required to be illuminated in tents or stands that are not open for
business after dusk, or in temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is
not accessible to the public.
Copyright NFPA
7.9.2 Emergency Lighting.
7.9.2.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated whenever the
facility is occupied in accordance with NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®.
7.9.2.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and
stores and shall comply with NFPA 101*,Life Safety Code®.
7.9.2.3 Emergency lighting shall not be required in tents or stands that are not open for
business after dusk or for temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is
not accessible to the public.
7.10* Retail Sales Displays.
7.10.1 General. The requirements of this section shall apply only to consumer fireworks retail
sales facilities and stores where the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted, unless
otherwise specifically indicated.
7.10.2* Height of Sales Displays. To provide for visual access of the retail sales area by the
employees and customers,partitions, counters, shelving, cases, and similar space dividers shall
not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft) in height above the floor surface inside the perimeter of the retail sales
area.
7.10.2.1 Merchandise on display or located on shelves or counters or other fixtures shall not be
displayed to a height greater than 1.8 m (6 ft) in height above the floor surface within the retail
sales area.
7.10.2.2 Where located along the perimeter of the retail sales area, the maximum height of
sales displays shall be limited to 3.66 m (12 ft).
7.10.2.3 In temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is not accessible
to the public, the maximum height of sales displays shall be limited to 2.44 m (8 ft).
7.10.3* Flame Breaks.
7.10.3.1 Where continuous displays of merchandise are located on shelving, cases, counters,
and similar display fixtures, a flame break shall be provided so that the maximum distance
between flame breaks does not exceed 4.9 m (16 ft) where measured along the length of the
display.
7.10.3.2 Flame breaks shall not be required in consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or
stores protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
7.10.3.3 The flame break shall extend as follows:
(1) From the display surface to not less than 150 mm (6 in.) above the full height of the
displayed merchandise or to the underside of the display surface directly above
Copyright NFPA
i-- (2) For the full depth of the displayed merchandise
7.10.3.4* Where packaged fireworks merchandise is displayed on the same level as individual
unpackaged fireworks devices, a flame break shall not be required where both of the following
criteria are met:
(1) The length of the display level containing individual unpackaged fireworks devices is
interrupted by packaged fireworks merchandise, or open space, or any combination
thereof, having a continuous length of not less than 2.4 m (8 ft).
(2) The distance between flame breaks does not exceed 9.8 m (32 ft).
7.10.3.5 Where a merchandise display level contains packaged fireworks merchandise, such
merchandise shall be permitted to be displayed in a continuous length on the same level where
the display does not exceed 9.8 m (32 ft) without a flame break.
7.10.3.6 An aisle having a minimum width of 1.1 m (44 in.) shall be permitted to substitute for
a flame break.
7.10.3.7 Where displays of merchandise face aisles that run along both long sides of the display
fixtures or display surface, a flame break shall be installed lengthwise between the abutting
display fixtures or along the approximate longitudinal centerline of the display surface so as to
separate the merchandise facing one of the aisles from the merchandise that abuts it facing the
other aisle.
7.10.3.7.1 In consumer fireworks retail sales facilities where one of the aisles does not serve as
part of the means of egress for the public, the flame break required in 7.10.3.7 shall not be
required.
7.10.3.7.2 Freestanding display racks, pallets, tables, or bins containing packaged fireworks
merchandise shall be permitted without flame breaks, provided the dimensions of the area
occupied by the fireworks merchandise do not exceed 1.2 m (4 ft) in width, 2.4 m (8 ft) in
length, and 1.8 m (6 ft) in height, and the displayed fireworks merchandise is separated from
other displays of merchandise by aisles having a minimum clear width of 1.2 m (4 ft).
7.10.3.7.3 Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display fixtures are
constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less than 6 mm ('/ in.) thick which are separated
from each other by an open space not less than 38 mm (1'/ in.) wide, a flame break shall not be
required as specified in 7.10.3.7.
7.10.3.8 Shelving.
7.10.3.8.1 Shelving or other surfaces used to support fireworks display merchandise shall be
permitted to have not more than 10 percent of the area of the shelf contain holes or other
openings.
7.10.3.8.2 The 10 percent limitation on the area of holes or other openings in the metal shelf
used to support fireworks display merchandise shall not be applicable under the following
Copyright NFPA
conditions:
(1) Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display fixtures are
constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less than 6 mm (''A in.) thick, which are
separated from each other by an open space not less than 38 mm (11/2 in.) wide
(2) Where such merchandise is suspended from or fastened to the shelf or surface or is
displayed as packaged merchandise on the surface or in bins
7.10.3.9 Flame breaks and solid display surfaces shall not be required for packaged fireworks
merchandise displayed in bins or display racks or on pallets or tables located at the end of a row
of display fixtures where the following conditions are met:
(1) Such end displays shall be separated from the ends of the display fixtures by an open
space not less than 76 mm (3 in.) wide.
(2) The fireworks merchandise shall occupy an area having dimensions not greater than the
width of the end of the row of display fixtures and a depth not greater than 910 mm (36
in.).
(3) The minimum required widths of the adjacent aisles shall be maintained, but in no case
shall the aisle width be less than 1.2 m (48 in.).
7.10.3.10 Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is not accessible
to the public shall not be required to comply with 7.10.3.
7.10.4 Covered Fuses. Only consumer fireworks meeting the criteria for covered fuses as
defined in Section 3.3 or as described in 7.10.4.1 shall be permitted in a facility in which the
retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted.
7.10.4.1 A consumer fireworks device shall also be considered as having a covered fuse if the
fireworks device is contained within a prepackaged arrangement, container, or wrapper that is
arranged and configured, such that the fuse of the fireworks device cannot be touched directly
by a person handling the fireworks without the person having to puncture or tear the packaging
or wrapper, unseal or break open a package or container, or otherwise damage or destruct the
packaging material, wrapping, or container within which the fireworks are contained.
7.10.4.2 Individual consumer fireworks items displayed for sale in temporary consumer
fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public shall not be
required to have covered fuses.
7.10.5 Sales in Stores. Consumer fireworks displayed for sale in stores shall comply with the
following:
(1) Such fireworks shall be under the visual supervision of a store employee or other
responsible party while the store is open to the public.
(2) Such fireworks shall be packaged fireworks merchandise.
Copyright NFPA
re— (3)* Such fireworks shall be packaged and displayed for sale in a manner that will limit
travel distance of ejected pyrotechnical components if ignition of the fireworks occurs.
(4) Where consumer fireworks meeting the requirements of C.3.1.2 or C.3.1.3 for aerial
devices and audible ground devices, respectively, are sold, such devices shall be
displayed for sale in an area of the store that is physically separated from the rest of the
store in a manner that restricts entry by the public and the area of the store shall be
provided with not less than two means of egress so located, that there is no common
path of travel and the distance to reach an egress point from the area does not exceed
10.7 m (35 ft).
7.10.6* Aerial Devices. Aerial devices shall be packaged and displayed for sale in a manner
that will limit travel distance of ejected pyrotechnic components if ignition of the fireworks
occurs.
7.10.7* Combustible materials and merchandise shall not be stored directly above the
consumer fireworks in retail sales displays unless a horizontal barrier is installed directly above
the consumer fireworks as prescribed in 7.4.1(e) of NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid
and Solid Oxidizers.
7.11 Equipment.
7.11.1 Electrical Equipment. All electrical wiring shall be in accordance with NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code®.
7.11.1.1 Battery powered equipment, electrical equipment, and electrical cords that are used in
conjunction with a consumer fireworks retail sales facility area shall be listed and shall be used
in accordance with their listing.
7.11.1.2 Temporary wiring installed in a temporary structure including tents and canopies shall
comply with Article 305 of NFPA 70,National Electrical Code®.
7.11.1.3 Where temporary electrical conductors are placed on top of an outdoor surface to
connect the permanent power source to the temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facility's
temporary electrical system, the conductors shall be provided with physical protection against
damage caused by pedestrian or vehicular traffic.
7.11.2 Heating Sources.
7.11.2.1 Heating units shall be listed and shall be used in accordance with their listing.
7.11.2.2 Temporary heating sources shall have tip-over and temperature-overheat protection.
7.11.2.3 Open-flame and exposed-element heating devices shall be prohibited.
7.11.3 Portable Generators.
7.11.3.1 Portable generators supplying power to consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall
Copyright NFPA
use only Class II or Class III combustible liquid fuels.
7.11.3.2 Portable generators shall be located not less than 6.1 m (20 ft) from the consumer
fireworks retail sales facility.
7.11.3.3 Class II and Class III combustible liquid generator fuel shall be limited to not more
than 18.9 L (5 gal).
7.11.3.4 Portable generators shall be permitted to use Class I flammable liquids as fuel
provided the quantity of such fuel is limited to 7.6 L(2 gal).
7.11.3.5 Generator fuels shall be stored not less than 6.1 m (20 ft) from the consumer fireworks
retail sales facility.
7.11.3.6* Where the generator fuel storage is located not less than 15.2 m (50 ft) from the
consumer fireworks retail sales facility, the quantity of such fuel shall not be limited by 7.11.3.
7.11.4 Cooking Equipment.
7.11.4.1 Cooking equipment of any type shall not be permitted within 6.1 m (20 ft) of tents,
canopies, or membrane structures used for the storage or sale of consumer fireworks.
7.11.4.2 Open flame cooking equipment of any type shall not be allowed within 15.2 m (50 ft)
of tents, canopies, or membrane structures used for the storage or sale of consumer fireworks.
e•—` 7.12 Operations.
7.12.1 General.
7.12.1.1 Means of egress including, but not limited to aisles, doors, and exit discharge, shall be
clear at all times when the facility or the building is occupied.
7.12.1.2 Customers shall not be permitted inside a temporary consumer fireworks retail sales
stand unless it complies with the means of egress requirements in Section 7.8.
7.12.2 Distances from Entrances and Exits.
7.12.2.1 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 1.5 m (5 ft) of any
public entrance in an enclosed building or structure.
7.12.2.2 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 0.6 m (2 ft) of any
public exit, or private entrance or exit in an enclosed building or structure.
7.12.3 Security.
7.12.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be secured when unoccupied
and not open for business, unless fireworks are not kept in the facility during such times.
7.12.3.2 The fireworks displayed or stored in the facility shall be permitted to be removed and
transferred to a temporary storage structure or location.
Copyright NFPA
7.12.4 Display and Handling.
7.12.4.1 The following shall apply to the sales display of consumer fireworks in temporary
consumer retail sales stands that do not allow access to the interior of the stand by the public:
(1) Consumer fireworks shall be displayed in a manner that prevents the fireworks from
being handled by persons other than those operating, supervising, or working in the
temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stand.
(2) The handling requirements of(1) shall not apply to packaged assortments,boxes, or
similarly packaged containers of one or more items, regardless of type.
7.12.4.2 The floor area occupied by the retail displays of consumer fireworks in permanent
consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall not exceed 40 percent of the available floor area
within the retail sales area.
7.12.4.3 Not less than 50 percent of the available floor area within the retail sales area shall be
open space that is unoccupied by retail displays and used only for aisles and cross-aisles.
7.12.5* Housekeeping.
7.12.5.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales areas and storage rooms shall be kept free of
accumulations of debris and rubbish.
7.12.5.2 Any loose pyrotechnic composition shall be removed immediately.
7.12.5.3 Vacuum cleaners or other mechanical cleaning devices shall not be used.
7.12.5.4 Brooms, brushes, and dustpans used to sweep up any loose powder or dust shall be
made of non-sparking materials.
7.12.5.5 Consumer fireworks devices that are damaged shall be removed and not offered for
sale.
7.12.5.6 Damaged consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be returned to the dealer or shall
be disposed of properly.
7.12.6* Training. All personnel handling consumer fireworks shall receive safety training
related to the performance of their duties.
7.12.7 Under the Influence. Any person selling consumer fireworks shall not knowingly sell
consumer fireworks to any person who is obviously under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
7.13 Records.
7.13.1 Records shall be maintained on available inventory on the premise.
7.13.2 Records shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction upon request.
Chapter 8 'raSsport do ►f +..re orks '$$ c tic eIes,, d '�
Copyright NFPA
Any Components) Containing o technic nr Explosive Materials
8.1 General Requirements.
Transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic
or explosive materials shall meet all applicable requirements of the U.S. Department of
Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, 170 to end, and any applicable local, state, or international
requirements.
r
Copyright NFPA
NSA \?QSs
3.3.3 Area.
3.3.3.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. The portion of a consumer fireworks retail
sales facility or store, including the immediately adjacent aisles, where consumer fireworks are
located for the purpose of retail display and sale to the public.
3.3.3.2 Process Area.An outside area complying with the applicable provisions of this code for
a process building that is used for the manufacture of fireworks and pyrotechnic articles.
3.3.4 Artificial Barricade. See 3.3.5.1.
3.3.5 Barricade. A natural or artificial barrier that effectively screens a magazine,building,
railway, or highway from the effects of an explosion in a magazine or building containing
explosives.
3.3.5.1 Artificial Barricade. An artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum
thickness of 0.9 m (3 ft).
3.3.5.2 Natural Barricade. A natural outdoor feature(s), such as hills or trees, with a density
sufficient to prevent surrounding exposures that require protection from being seen from a
magazine or building containing explosives when the trees are bare of leaves.
3.3.5.3* Screen Barricade. Any barrier that contains the embers and debris from a fire or
deflagration in a process building, thus preventing propagation of fire to other buildings or
areas. [1125:3.3]
3.3.6 Binary Material. See 3.3.40.1.
3.3.7* Binary System. A two-component pyrotechnic system.
3.3.8 Black Powder. See 3.3.52.1.
3.3.9 Building.
3.3.9.1* Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. A building where the sales area includes the
storage of combustible materials on pallets, in solid piles, or in racks in excess of 12 ft (3.7 m)
in storage height. [101:3.3]
3.3.9.2* Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. A building, in which finished consumer
fireworks are received, stored, and shipped but in which no manufacturing is performed.
3.3.9.3* Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. A building, room or area
where finished consumer fireworks are picked and packaged into retail packages including
assortments or picked and packed into DOT approved packaging, and where related operations
are performed.
3.3.9.4* Inhabited Building. Any building or structure regularly used in whole or part as a
place of human habitation.
3.3.9.5* Mechanical Building. A building that contains mechanical, electrical,
Copyright NFPA
air-conditioning, or other equipment and that usually is connected to a process or nonprocess
building.
3.3.9.6* Mixing Building. Any building used primarily for mixing and blending of pyrotechnic
compositions.
3.3.9.7* Nonprocess Building. An office building, a warehouse, or other building or area
located in a manufacturing facility in which no fireworks, pyrotechnic or explosive
composition, pyrotechnic articles, or components containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials
are processed or stored.
3.3.9.8* Process Building. Any building or any room at a manufacturing facility where
fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or component(s) containing explosive or pyrotechnic
compositions are manufactured. A process building is also any building at a manufacturing
facility where consumer fireworks are initially packed for shipment.
3.3.9.9 Shipping Building. A building used for the packing of assorted display fireworks or for
the loading of display fireworks onto vehicles for shipment to purchasers.
3.3.9.10 Storage Building. A building, structure, or facility in which consumer fireworks in
any state of processing are stored, but in which no processing or manufacturing is performed.
3.3.9.11* Unoccupied Building. A building that is normally unoccupied during its entire
period of daily operations.
3.3.10 Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. See 3.3.9.1.
3.3.11 Bulk Salute. See 3.3.66.1.
33.12 Bulk Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3.1.
3.3.13 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. See 3.3.40.2.
3.3.14 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.1.
3.3.15 Composition.
3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. A chemical compound or mixture, the primary or common
purpose of which is to produce by explosion.
3.3.15.2 Pyrotechnic Composition.A chemical mixture that, upon burning, produces visible,
brilliant displays, bright lights, or sounds.
3.3.15.3 Whistle Composition. A pyrotechnic composition that when pressed into a tube with
an open end bums in an oscillatory manner to produce an audible effect.
3.3.16 Consumer Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2.
3.3.17 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. See 3.3.3.1.
3.3.18 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. See 3.3.29.1.
Copyright NFPA
3.3.19* Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. A temporary or permanent building or
structure that has a floor area not greater than 74 m2 (800 ft2), other than tents, canopies, or
membrane structures, that is used primarily for the retail display and sale of consumer fireworks
to the public.
3.3.20 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. See 3.3.9.2.
3.3.21 Consumer Fireworks Work Building,Room, or Area. See 3.3.9.3.
3.3.22* Covered Fuse. A fuse that is protected against accidental ignition by contact with a
spark, smoldering item, or small open flame.
33.23 Display Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3.
3.3.24 Distribution Facility. See 3.3.29.2.
3.3.25* DOT Approved Packaging. Packaging for fireworks complying with the regulations
of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Title 49, Part 178.
3.3.26 Electric Match. An electric device that contains a small amount of pyrotechnic material
that ignites when current flows through the leads and that is used to initiate the burning of
pyrotechnics.
3.3.27* Explosive. Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common
purpose of which is to function by explosion.
33.28 Explosive Composition. See 3.3.15.1.
3.3.29 Facility.
3.3.29.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. A permanent or temporary building or
structure, consumer fireworks retail sales stand, tent, canopy, or membrane structure that is
used primarily for the retail display and sale of consumer fireworks to the public.
3.3.29.2 Distribution Facility. A place where consumer fireworks are received, stored, picked,
packaged and packed into shipping cartons, and shipped to other distribution facilities,
manufacturing facilities, or consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores.
3.3.29.3* Manufacturing Facility. A place where fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or
components for these devices is conducted.
3.3.30* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a visible or an
audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, and that meets the definition of
Consumer Fireworks or Display Fireworks as set forth in this code.
3.3.30.1 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2, Consumer Fireworks.
3.3.30.2* Consumer Fireworks (Formerly Known as Common Fireworks). Any small
fireworks device designed primarily to produce visible effects by combustion or deflagration
that complies with the construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S.
Copyright NFPA
Consumer Product Safety Commission, as set forth in Title 16, CFR, Parts 1500 and 1507.
[1123:1.4]
3.3.30.3* Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks). Large fireworks
articles designed to produce visible or audible effects for entertainment purposes by
combustion, deflagration, or detonation.
3.3.30.4 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3,Display Fireworks.
3.3.31 Flame Break. A solid material without holes or other openings, used to retard the spread
of flame.
3.3.32 Flashpowder. See 3.3.52.2.
3333* Fuel. In pyrotechnics, anything combustible or acting as a chemical-reducing agent
such as but not limited to sulfur, aluminum powder, iron powder, charcoal, magnesium, gums,
and organic plastic binders.
3.3.34 Highway. Any public street, public alley, or public road.
33.35 Inhabited Building. See 3.3.9.4.
3.3.36 Limited-Combustible Material. See 3.3.40.3.
3.3.37 Magazine. A building or structure, other than an explosives manufacturing building,
approved for the storage of explosive materials.
3.3.38* Manufacturing. The mixing, pressing, and loading of explosive or pyrotechnic
compositions for the purpose of producing fireworks or pyrotechnic articles.
3.3.39 Manufacturing Facility. See 3.3.29.3.
3.3.40 Material.
33.40.1 Binary Material. See 3.3.7, Binary System. [1126:1.5]
3.3.40.2* Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. Explosive material that can be detonated by
9.8-g (150-gr) M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 824 m/sec (2700
ft/sec) where fired from a 0.30 caliber rifle at a distance of 30 m (100 ft), measured
perpendicular.
3.3.40.3 Limited-Combustible Material. A building construction material not complying with
the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential
heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 kJ/kg), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259,
Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and complies with (a) or(b):
(a) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not
exceeding a thickness of in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; and
(b) Materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), having neither a
flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of
such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any
Copyright NFPA
3.3.52.3 Salute Powder.An explosive composition that makes a loud report when ignited and
constitutes the sole pyrotechnic mixture in a salute.
3.3.52.3.1 Bulk Salute Powder. A quantity of salute powder in an amount exceeding 0.45 kg
(1 lb).
3.3.53* Prepackaged Fireworks Merchandise.A consumer fireworks device or group of
consumer fireworks devices that has been packaged within an unperforated container or
packaging material by the manufacturer, distributor, or seller for retail display and sale as a unit.
3.3.54 Process Area. See 3.3.3.2.
3.3.55 Process Building. See 3.3.9.8.
3.3.56 Public Conveyance. Any railroad car, streetcar, ferry, cab, bus, airplane, or other vehicle
that carries passengers for hire. [495:3.3]
3.3.57 Pyrotechnic Article. A pyrotechnic device, other than a device classed as fireworks, for
use in the entertainment industry.
3.3.58 Pyrotechnic Composition. See 3.3.15.2.
3.3.59* Pyrotechnic Laboratory.A building or room used for research, development, or
testing of chemicals, fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or components containing explosive or
pyrotechnic compositions.
3.3.60 Pyrotechnic Material. See 3.3.40.5.
3.3.61 Pyrotechnic Special Effect. A special effect created through the use of pyrotechnic
materials and devices. (See also D.1.42, Special Effect) [1126:1.5]
3.3.62 Pyrotechnics. Controlled exothermic chemical reactions that are timed to create the
effects of heat, gas, sound, dispersion of aerosols, emission of visible electromagnetic radiation,
or a combination of these effects to provide the maximum effect from the least volume.
[1126:1.5]
3.3.63 Railway. Any steam, electric, diesel-electric, or other railroad or railway that carries
passengers for hire on the particular line or branch in the vicinity of a pyrotechnics
manufacturing or storage facility.
3.3.64 Retail Sales. The retail display and sale of merchandise to the public within a mercantile
occupancy.
3.3.65 Rocket. A pyrotechnic device that moves by the ejection of matter produced by the
internal combustion of propellants.
3.3.66 Salute. A display firework that is designed to produce a loud report.
3.3.66.1 Bulk Salute. A collection of salutes or salute components containing more than 2 lb
(0.9 kg) of salute powder, unless the salutes are mixed with other types of aerial shells so that
Copyright NFPA
the total quantity of salutes to other types of shells is less than 50 percent in a single magazine.
3.3.67 Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3.
3.3.68 Screen Barricade. See 3.3.5.3.
3.3.69 Shipping Building. See 3.3.9.9.
3.3.70 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.4.
3.3.71* Stars. Small masses of pyrotechnic compounds that are projected from aerial shells,
mines, or roman candles.
33.72 Storage Building. See 3.3.9.10.
3.3.73* Store. A building classified as a mercantile occupancy that contains a variety of
merchandise and that is not used primarily for the retail sales of consumer fireworks.
3.3.74 Temporary. As applied to buildings or structures: a building or structure not meeting
the definition for permanent structure [101:3.3]. As applied to electrical power and wiring:
electrical service in use or in place for a period of 90 consecutive calendar days or less.
[70:305]
3.3.75 Unoccupied Building. See 3.3.9.11.
3.3.76 Whistle Composition. See 3.3.15.3.
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4.1 Applicability.
4.1.1 All manufacturing facilities shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.
4.1.2 Manufacturing facilities shall not be required to comply with Sections 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and
4.10, provided that they meet all of the following conditions:
(1) Manufacturing is restricted to production of custom fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and
any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials that are not for general
sale.
(2) The facility contains not more than 2.3 kg(5 lb) of pyrotechnic composition, of which
not more than 0.23 kg(0.5 lb) is of explosive composition.
(3) All explosive and pyrotechnic compositions are removed to a storage magazine at the
end of each workday.
4.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to the following operations performed in a separate building
or area and shall not be considered fireworks manufacturing:
(1) Assembly of display pieces from finished fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and fuse
Copyright NFPA
classified as UN 0336, UN 0337, UN 0431, and UN 0432
(2) Minor repairs or modification of finished fireworks not involving exposed pyrotechnic
material
(3) Picking and packaging finished fireworks into packages including assortments
(4) Packing packages and assortments into DOT approved packaging.
(5) The attachment of a match or fuse and minor repairs to display fireworks and
pyrotechnic articles
4.2 Permit Requirements.
The manufacture of any fireworks shall be prohibited unless authorized by federal license,
where required, and conducted in accordance with this code.
4.2.1 Persons engaged in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in fireworks
shall meet both of the following requirements:
(1) They shall possess a valid federal license or permit, where required by Title XI,
"Regulation of Explosives, of the Crime Control Act of 1970" (18, USC, Chapter 40,
"Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Materials")
(2) They shall comply with all applicable state and local laws and regulations.
4.2.1.1 Copies of all required licenses and permits shall be posted at each manufacturing
facility.
4.2.1.1.1 License and permit holders shall protect licenses and permits from loss, theft,
defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication.
4.2.1.1.2 Any loss, theft, defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication of a license or
permit shall be reported immediately to the issuing authority.
4.2.1.2 Licenses or permits shall not be assigned or transferred.
4.2.2 The issuing authority shall be notified immediately of any change of business name,
controlling ownership, or address.
4.3 Recordkeeping and Reporting.
4.3.1 Record Maintenance.
4.3.1.1 Manufacturers shall maintain records in compliance with federal regulations.
4.3.1.2 Manufacturers shall maintain records for all chemicals and chemical mixtures in
compliance with the requirements of 29 CFR, 1910.1200, "Hazard Communication."
4.3.2 Record Availability. Records shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction.
Copyright NFPA
4.3.2.1 Where consumer fireworks are handled exclusively, records shall be maintained for 3
years.
4.3.2.2 Records other than consumer fireworks shall be maintained for 5 years.
4.3.3 Loss, Theft, or Unlawful Removal of Explosive Materials.
4.3.3.1 The loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosive materials shall be reported
immediately to the nearest office of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, and to local law enforcement authorities.
4.3.3.2 The loss, theft or removal of consumer fireworks shall not be required to be reported.
4.4 Site Security.
4.4.1 General. All plant buildings containing pyrotechnic composition, explosive composition,
or fireworks shall be locked at the end of the workday and whenever plant personnel are not
present, to provide security.
4.4.2 Plant Access.
4.4.2.1 All roads leading into the plant shall be provided with gates that shall be kept closed
and locked at all times when not used for entry or exit.
4.4.2.2 Vehicle access to the plant shall be restricted to roadways by means of a fence, natural
barriers such as trees, and culverts, or by other means.
4.4.2.3 If the main plant entrance is in full view of and under the observation of an authorized
responsible employee or guard, the main plant entrance shall be permitted to be left open during
regular plant operating hours.
4.4.2.4 Only authorized employees or representatives of federal, state, or local agencies having
jurisdiction over the plant shall be permitted inside the plant without special permission of the
person in charge.
4.4.3 Signage. Conspicuous signs that read as follows shall be posted at the entrance and along
the fence or barrier:
WARNING—NO SMOKING—NO TRESPASSING
4.5 Construction.
4.5.1 Process Building.
4.5.1.1 Process buildings shall be single-story buildings and shall not have basements.
4.5.1.2 Wall joints and openings for wiring,plumbing, and other utilities shall be sealed to
prevent the entry of dusts.
4.5.1.3 Horizontal ledges and surfaces upon which dust can settle and accumulate shall be
Copyright NFPA
minimized.
4.5.2* Floors and Work Surfaces.
4.5.2.1 Floors and work surfaces shall not have cracks or crevices in which explosives or
pyrotechnic compositions can lodge.
4.5.2.2 Floors and work surfaces in mixing and loading buildings for salute powder shall be of
conductive materials.
4.5.2.3 Conductive footwear or other grounding techniques for personnel shall be used
wherever exposed salute powder is present.
4.5.3 Heating, Lighting, and Electrical Equipment.
4.5.3.1 Stoves, exposed flames, and portable electric heaters shall be prohibited in any building
where fireworks, fireworks components, or flammable liquids are or can be present.
4.5.3.2 Heating shall be provided by steam, hot water, indirect hot air radiators, or any other
means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.5.3.3 Unit heaters located in buildings that contain exposed explosive or pyrotechnic
composition shall be equipped with motors and electrical devices for use in hazardous locations
in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70,National Electrical Code®.
4.5.3.4 All wiring, switches, and electrical fixtures in process buildings shall meet the
requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70,National
Electrical Code®.
4.5.3.4.1 Portable lighting equipment shall not be used, unless both of the following criteria are
met:
(1) Listed portable lighting equipment shall be permitted to be used during repair
operations.
(2) The repair operations area shall be cleared of all pyrotechnic or explosive material, and
all dust or residue shall be removed before portable lighting equipment is used.
4.5.3.4.2 All presses and other such mechanical devices used in the vicinity of exposed
explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be electrically bonded and grounded.
4.5.3.5 All artificial lighting shall be electrically powered.
4.5.4 Static Discharge.
4.5.4.1 A means for discharging static shall be provided at the entrance to all mixing, pressing,
and loading buildings where exposed salute powder is present.
4.5.4.2 All personnel entering the buildings described in 4.5.4.1 shall utilize the means
required by 4.5.4.1.
Copyright NFPA
4.11.1 The requirements of 27 CFR, 55, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, for transfer
of the following from process buildings to magazines at the conclusion of daily operation shall
be met:
(1) Dry explosive powders and mixtures
(2) Partially assembled display fireworks
(3) Finished display fireworks
4.11.2* Unless a variance from the requirement of 4.11.1 has been issued in writing to a
manufacturer by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, all dry explosive powders and
mixtures, partially assembled display fireworks, and finished display fireworks shall be
transferred from process buildings to magazines at the conclusion of daily operation.
4.12 Fire and Explosion Prevention.
4.12.1 Rubbish, Spills, and Waste Disposal.
4.12.1.1 All buildings shall be kept clean and orderly, and dust or rubbish shall be kept to a
minimum.
4.12.1.2 Spills of explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be cleaned up, and materials used
for cleanup shall be removed immediately from the building.
4.12.1.3 The spilled material shall be destroyed by immersion in water or by burning in a
manner acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.12.1.4 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept separate from waste explosive or
pyrotechnic materials.
4.12.1.5 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept in approved, marked containers until
removed from the building.
4.12.1.6 Disposal containers shall be removed from buildings on a daily basis and removed
from the plant at regular intervals.
4.12.1.7 Waste explosive or pyrotechnic materials shall be destroyed as described in 4.12.1.3.
4.12.2 Smoking Materials.
4.12.2.1 Smoking materials shall not be carried into or in the vicinity of process buildings.
4.12.2.2 Personnel shall deposit all smoking materials at a designated location in a nonprocess
building before entering a processing plant.
4.12.2.3* Smoking shall be permitted only in office buildings or in buildings used exclusively
as lunchrooms or rest rooms and in which the presence of explosive or pyrotechnic materials is
prohibited.
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•
appropriately sized mortar, and so that the appropriate lift charge and internal delay fuse are
used to propel the shell to a safe altitude before functioning.
4.19.2 Safety Caps. Safety caps shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the internal delay fuse.
(2) The safety cap shall be of a different color than that of the fuse and shall be installed in
such a manner that the fuse remains undamaged when removed.
(3) Electrically fired displays shall not require a safety cap, provided that no pyrotechnic
composition is exposed.
4.19.3 Display Fireworks—Ground Salutes.
4.19.3.1 Display fireworks—ground salutes shall not exceed 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter x 76 mm
(3 in.) in length.
4.19.3.2 The maximum quantity of salute powder in display fireworks—ground salutes shall not
exceed 71 g (2.5 oz).
4.19.3.3 Display fireworks—ground salutes shall not be constructed using brittle plastic.
4.19.3.4 To allow the person igniting the aerial shells to retreat safely, the time delay between
igniting the tip of the shell's fuse and the firing of the shell shall be not less than 3 seconds or
more than 6 seconds.
4.19.3.5 Electrically ignited displays shall not require the delay period specified in 4.19.3.4.
4.19.4 Labeling.
4.19.4.1 Pyrotechnic articles intended for indoor use shall be so marked, and labels shall
include the following information:
(1) Accurate performance characteristics of the device
(2) For fountains, gerbs, and other preloads, duration,height, and diameter of the effect, as
applicable
4.19.4.2 Pyrotechnic articles marked for indoor use shall be permitted to be used outdoors.
4.19.4.3 Pyrotechnic articles marked by the manufacturer for indoor use shall be used indoors
only.
4.19.4.4 All binary systems shall be labeled with the following information in addition to the
general requirements:
(1) Type of contents and general use of the material
(2) Description of conditions of use, potential hazards, and required equipment with
instructions for use
Copyright NFPA
areas where the consumer fireworks are stored in DOT approved packaging:
(1) Consumer fireworks stored in DOT approved packaging shall be considered as a Class
IV commodity.
(2) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 3 m (10 ft) in racks, or 3.7 m (12
ft) otherwise, shall be classified as an Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) occupancy.
(3) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 3.7 m (12 ft) in racks, but greater
than 3 m (10 ft), shall be classified as an Extra Hazard (Group 1) occupancy.
(4) Consumer fireworks stored to a height greater than 3.7 m (12 ft) shall be protected by an
automatic sprinkler system designed using a fire control approach or a special design
approach in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems.
6.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visible alarms
throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72®,National Fire Alarm Code®.
6.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers.
6.5.2.1 Installation. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 10,
Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
6.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks storage or work building shall have not
less than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating.
6.5.2.3 Pressurized Water Type.At least one of the required fire extinguishers shall be of the
pressurized water type.
6.5.2.4 Multipurpose Dry Chemical Type. At least one of the required fire extinguishers shall
be of the multipurpose dry chemical type having a minimum 4A rating.
6.5.2.5 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for consumer fireworks storage or work buildings
shall be located so that the maximum distance of travel to reach an extinguisher from any point
shall not exceed 22.8 m (75 ft) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire
Extinguishers.
6.5.3 Smoke and Heat Vents. Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in consumer fireworks
storage buildings exceeding 4,644 m2 (50,000 ft2) in undivided area.
6.6 Site Requirements.
6.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a building or other defined
perimeter of a consumer fireworks storage facility shall be accessible within 45.7 m (150 ft) of
a public way or an approved fire apparatus access.
6.7 Separation Distances.
Copyright NFPA
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8.1 General Requirements.
Transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic
or explosive materials shall meet all applicable requirements of the U.S. Department of
Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, 170 to end, and any applicable local, state, or international
requirements.
Copyright NFPA
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