The URL can be used to link to this page

Browse Search

Home My WebLink About20051199.tiff > . ft „, , This volum • e Co published nation I tandardss the o.sHou evter, CENTRE the Denver lmendmeats Code refer to the to the Fire title, not this edition edition o£this 0 Oil 2004/2005 National Fire Codes® I c .. 1 a. F ` tj = EXHIBIT 1di DENVER PUBLIC LIBRARY (/ PH 5 I� EI71 III' �� '��''�'� " i'J �� lV/ RO2301 12067 2005-1199 =`r+ NFPA Codes and Standards z•. r-. Olt i (11� plc 2 -11 020 J S� `.' t. J c ar riiiii 1123-1 1 Copyright©2000 NFPA.All Rights Reserved • • NFPA 1123 Code for Fireworks Display 2000 Edition . This edition of NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display,was prepared by the Technical Com- mittee on Pyrotechnics.and acted on by the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.,at its l World Fire Safety Congress and ExpositionT" held May 14-17, 2000, in Denver, CO. It was issued by the Standards Council on July 20, 2000, with an effective date of August 18. 2000, 4 and supersedes all previous editions. • This edition of NFPA 1123 was approved as an American National Standard on August 18, 2000. IMPORTANT NOTE:This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and - i legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading`Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Docu- ments."They can also be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers. Origin and Development of NFPA 1123 The development of NFPA 1123 began in 1975 with the submission to the Technical Com- mittee on Pyrotechnics of a proposed standard drafted by the American Pyrotechnics Associ- ation. The proposed standard was redrafted and was officially adopted by the National Fire Protection Association at its 1978 Fall Meeting.The 1978 edition was amended in 1980, and the amended version was adopted by the Association at its 1981 Fall Meeting. In the 1990 edition of NFPA 1123,the committee initiated a complete revision of the doc- ument that incorporated a good deal of additional detail on the operation of outdoor fire- works displays.including enhancements in the safe conduct of outdoor fireworks displays by increasing the audience separation distances.The committee also addressed the new technol- ogy of electrically firing outdoor displays of fireworks.Generally,the committee provided per- formance requirements rather than supply specific prescriptions for meeting those requirements. The 1995 edition of NFPA 1123 represented partial amendments to the document and included editorial revisions to improve its ability to be used, adopted. and enforced and to make it conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.The Committee updated the definitions used for fireworks to be consistent with the terminology used in the C.S. Department of Transpor- tation regulations that incorporated the United Nations' shipping designations for tireveorks (explosives), including the marking of aerial shells. The 1995 edition incorporated a new chapter containing requirements for electrically fir- ing fireworks displays and refined the provisions for manually firing large-diameter aerial shells. This 2000 edition of NFPA 1123 contains three significant changes. First.a new Chapter 4 on display fireworks from floating vessels and floating platforms has been added to the docu- ment. It provides guidance on the construction.sizing, operations, and egress requirements for fireworks displays launched from floating vessels and floating platforms. Second,requirements for mortar installation and placement have been added. The third significant change revises and expands the tables in Appendix A that provide guidance on mortar wall thickness for steel. paper, high density polvethvlene ,HDPE), and fiberglass mortars.Chapter 2 was also reorganized to provide a more logical sequence. 1123-2 FIREWORKS DISPLAY ?3 - ` n. '- " Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics ," Randall W.A.Davidson,Chair k ` Risk Ini 1&Assoc.,CA[SE] Kenneth L.Kosanke,Secretary PyreLabs,Inc..CO [SE] - Dane Boles, Quest Aerospace,A Division of Toy Biz,Inc., Bruce E.Kelly, Orem,UT[U] c AZ[M] r. Rep.Tripoli Rocketry Assn.,Inc. Richard Bowes, Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory, John Kitchens, City of Los Angeles Fire Dept, G x ON,Canada [RT] W.G.Bulifant,III, Dominion Fireworks,Inc.,VA [U] Gerald R.Laib, NSWC.MD [SE] Jose R Colon, Connecticut Dept.of Public Safety,CT[E] Larry J.McCune, U.S.Bureau of Alcohol,Tobaccos Rep.Intl Fire Marshals Assn. arms,DC[E] R.. Dale C.Miller, Falls Church,Steve A.Coman, RES Specialty Pyrotechnics,MN [U] e,TX[U] [$E] Rep.Pyrotechnics Guild Intl, J.Patrick Miller, Cisco College, Inc. John A.Conkling, American Pyrotechnics Assn.,MD [M] Rep.Nat'l Assn.of Rocketry ,y Hugh Council, California Dept.of Forestry&Fire Pro[ec- David].Pier, MP Assoc.,Inc.,CA[M] lion,Office of State Fire Marshal,CA[E] Michael W.Platt, Petersburg,NY[M] ;P Thomas DeWille, Luna Tech Inc,AL[M] Rep.High Power Rocket Mfrs.&Dealers Assa, •t-$. Vernon Estes, Canon City,CO[SE] Mary Roberts, Estes Industries,CO [MI } Gary C.Rosenfield, Industrial Solid Propulsion Inc. - Gary A.Fadorsen, Pyrotech Intl Inc,OH [I91] Felix J.Grucci,Jr., Fireworks by Gntcci,Inc.,NY[M] NV[M] Garry Hanson, Precocious Pyrotechnics,Inc,MN[M] James R.Souza, Pyro Spectaculars,Inc.,CA[U] Rep.Nat'l Fireworks Assn. Charles Weeth, La Crosse,WI [U] 1 '-Lansden E.Hill,Jr., E.E.Hill&Son,Inc./Pyro Shows, TN[U] Rep.La Crosse Skyrockers Inc. Alfred . John J.Weinbrecht, Virginia Beach Fire Dept.VA(El , g FL JHogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District, Dan Westcott, Gadsden Fire Dept.,AL[E] [E] Rep.NFPA Fire Service Section Alternates ? Arthur H.Barber,III, Springfield,VA[SE] Julie L.Heckman, American Pryotechnics Assn.,MD(It) k s (Alt.to V.Estes) Scott Bartel, Black Sky Research,CA[U] (Alt. to J. a Conkling) y Bowie J.Kosanke,Journal of Pyrotechnics,Inc.,CO[Sq (Alt. to B.E.Kelly) i_ (Alt.to K.L.Kosanke) Bruce E.Blom, Pyrotechnics Guild Int'l.Inc.,OH [U] Larry Mars, MP Assoc.,Inc.,CA[M] (Alt.to S.A.Coman) (Alt to D.J.Pier) F Kevin T.Brueclmer, Fireworks and Stage FR America, Jane B.McCaulley, D&J Assoc,VA[SE] Inc [.M] (Alt.to G. R.Lad)) (Alt. to G.Hanson) David S.Shatzer, U.S.Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco&fin- arms,DC(E] Mark B.Btmdiek, First Chicago Capital Markets.IL [U] y t. [o J.P.Miller) (Alt.to L.J.McCune) Ettore Contestabile, Natural Resources Canada.ON.Can- Bill Stine, Quest Aerospace,A Division of Toy Biz,Inc.. ada[RT] AZ [M) (Alt.to R.Bowes) (Alt. to D.Boles) Pamela K.Stout Hunt, Arizona Skvart Productions.lm� Patrick C.Ferguson, Onalaska,WI [U] (Alt. to C.Weeth) AZ [U] Felix J.(Phil)Grucci, Fireworks by Grucci,Inc..NY[M] (Al[. tiff.R.Souza) (Alt. to F.J.Grucci,Jr.) Gerald D.Ward, BethanyFire&Protection District.IL(E] Paul C.Hans, P. Hans&Co..Inc..AZ [VI) (Alt.to D.Westcott) Lawrence Weinman, Luna Tech.Inc.,AL[M)(Alt.to G.C.Rosenfield) (Alt to T.DeWille) Nonvoting i Joseph A.Domenico, U.S.Dept.of the Army.MD RT I [ ] Patrick M.Race, G.S.Consumer Product Safety Commis. S Glen E.Gardner, C.S.Occupational Safety&Health Ad- sion,DC [C] min.,DC Cary Zeller, Zeller Intl,All" Guy R Colonna,NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee urns balloted on the final text of this edition. .Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred..1 key to classifications is found at the bark of the document. yei" NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the manufacture, + transportation,and storage for consumer and display fireworks,pyrotechnic special effects and model and high power rocket motors;the use of display fireworks:and the constriction.launching and ocher opera- }c. [ions that involve model and high power rockets. The Committee does not have responsibili:-for wit- ments on the retail storage,sale,and display of consumer fireworks for use in the general public:on the use of consumer fireworks by the general public:and on the use of pyrotechnic special effects before a pro - I; mate audience. 4. 2000 Edition " y iL ipiiwmniai.....samomims III"MiMll"Ill!. Ls. ,. CONTENT 1123-3 S Contents 1123-1'? Is- . , , , , . . . . . . . 1123- 4 Chapter 6 Electrical Ignition of a Display 1123-12 (,e,«*'t . . 1123- 4 6.1 General 1123-13 �� • -. . 6.2 Design of Electrical Firing Units�.S� . . . 1123- 4 1123-13 we -' . 6.3 Setup of Electrical Firing Units wt . 1123- 4 ni t�,�ir -- 6.4 Operation of the Electrical Firing Chit 1123-1, - 1123- 4 1123-14 i T it4ynom.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Post-Display Operations c 1 t dements for Display Fireworks 1123-14 Shells and Equipment 1123- 6 Chapter 7 Qualifications 1123-14 t ,Serial 7.1 Operator Qualifications , i MnKuon of Display Fireworks Aerial 1123-14 i 1123- 6 7.2 Assistants1123-14 „be]. - - 7.3 Permits Required so�Kr and Transportation of 1123- 6 f snoxls- 1123-14 . x in.:A l mon of>lorctrs 1123- 7 Chapter 8 Referenced Publications• 1123- 7 I ° ?i. instillation of Buried Mortars 1123-14 I i ;n.ullauun of Mortar Racks 1123- 8 Appendix A Explanatory Material s 1123- 8 j ti.� acquirements for Chain Fusing l K 5 Appendix B labeling of Display Fireworks t.re s Display Site Selection 1123-19 1123- 8 Aerial Shells 1 <ncral 1123- 8 1123- 9 Appendix C Recommended Regulations for Ma barge a 1123-10 Applications for Permits for the• )Jh,,,t_\rea Outdoor Display of Fireworks 1123-20 es i Floating Vessels and floating Appendix D Suggested Requirements for Operator PVrjl 1123-10 Licensing 1123-20 r n 1123-10 i.,n.tntcuon 1123-10 Appendix E pct from American Pyrotechnics i'Laorm Sizing Requirements 1123-10 Association Standard 87-1.Standard for .tpetrations 1123-10 Construction and Approval for ic 1123-20 u..mmunications 1123-11 Transportation of Fireworks s Yrtumnel 1123-11 I.nnhu.tible Material 1123-11 Appendix F Display Planning and 1123-27 Preparation tirr S Operation of the Display 1123-11 1123-28 f.rnrrd Requirements 1123-11 Appendix G Referenced Publications • l ling.4 Shells 1123-11 1123-30 mama Display Pieces 1123-12 Index S. 2000 Edition4. tor--_. _._.S Y 1123-4 FIREWORKS DISPLAY "'x' NIYA 1123 1.1.9 This code shall not apply to the use of explosives, fire- #.: arms, or fammable special effects used in motion pictures Code for television,or other entertainment industries. 1.2 Purpose. Fireworks Display I.* 1.2.1 The purpose of this code is to provide requirements for the reasonably safe conduct of outdoor fireworks displays. '" 2000 Edition • 1.2.2 The purpose of this code also is to provide recom- • NOTICE: An asterisk(*) following the number or letter des mended local permit regulations. (See Appendix C.) ignating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on 1.2.3 The purpose of this code also is to provide recom- the paragraph can be found in Appendix A. mended regulations for state certification of display operators.Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical rule (See Appendix D.) in the margin of the pages on which they appear.These lines are included as an aid to the user in identifying changes from 1.3 Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the previous edition. Where one or more complete para- graph(s)has been deleted,the deletion is indicated by a bullet the use of systems, methods,or devices of equivalent or supe- between the paragraphs that remain. rior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, • Information on referenced publications can be found in and safety over those prescribed by this code.Technical docu- Chapter 3 and Appendix G. men ration shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdic. don to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or i device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the I Chapter 1 General authority having jurisdiction. i . • 1.1 Scope. 1.4 DeFutitions. For the purpose of this code, the terms below shall be defined as follows. t 1.1.1 This code shall apply to the construction, handling,and 1.4.1* Aerial Shell. Usually a cylindrical or spherical car- use of fireworks and equipment intended for outdoor fireworks tridge containing pyrotechnic composition, a long fuse or display.It also shall apply to the general conduct and operation electric match wires,and a black powder lift charge. • of the display. (See definition 1.4.21,Fireworks Display.) 1.4.2* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having juris- 1.1.2 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transpor- diction. • ration,or storage of fireworks at a manufacturing facility.Sim- 1.4.3* Assistant. A person who works under the direction of ilarly, this code shall not apply to the testing o£ fireworks the operator to put on an outdoor fireworks display. under the direction of its manufacturer,provided permission for such testing has been obtained from the authority having 1.4.4* Authority Having Jurisdiction. The organization, jurisdiction, which shall be in accordance with NTPA 1124, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, and Storage of Fireworks materials,an installation,or a procedure. and Pyrotechnic Articles. 1.4.5* Barrage. A rapidly fired sequence of aerial fireworks. Fire- 1.4.6* Battery. A collection of fireworks devices, such as a 1.1.3 This code shall not apply to the use of consumer works by the general public. group of mortars (finale battery) or a bundle of roman can- dles (candle battery), fused together in such a manner that 1.1.4 This code shall not apply to the transportation. han- they are fired within a short period of time. dling, or use of fireworks by the armed forces of the United States. 1.4.7 Black Match. A fuse made from string that is impreg- nated with black powder and used for igniting pyrotechnic 1.1.5 This code shall not apply to the transportation, han- devices. dling, or use of industrial pyrotechnic devices or fireworks, 1.4.8* Break. An individual burst from an aerial shell.gener- such as railroad torpedoes, fusees, automotive, aeronautical, ally producing either a visual effect (stars) or noise (salute). and marine flares,and smoke signals. 1.4.9* Chain Fusing. A series of nvo or more aerial shells 1.1.6 This code shall not apply to the use of pyrotechnic fused to fire in sequence from a single ignition. devices or materials in the performing arts at distances less 1.4.10* Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of than those specified in this code and used in conformance provisions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for with NFPA 1126,Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Prox- adoption into law independently of other codes and standards. imate Audience. 1.4.11* Comet. A fireworks device consisting of a large pellet 1.1.7 This code shall not apply to the use of flame special I effects in the performing arts when used in conformance with of pyrotechnic composition that is ignited and propelled from a mortar tube by a charge of black powder. NFPA 160, Standard for Flame Effects before an Audience. 1.4.12 Discharge Site. The area immediately surrounding 1.1.8 This code shall not apply to the sale and use of model the fireworks mortars used for an outdoor fireworks display. trockets,model rocket motors,motor reloading kits,pyrotech- 1.4.13 Display Site. The immediate area where a fireworks nic modules,or components used in conformance with NFPA display is conducted, including the discharge site, the fallout .-3I 3 1122, Code for Model Rocketry, or other propulsion devices as area, and the required separation distance from mortars to classified by the U.S. Department of Transportation as Rocket but Motors (U&0186),or Cartridges,power device (UN0275). spectator viewing areas, not spectator viewing areas or jj " vehicle parking areas. ,t 2000 Edition • lit_'. 1123-5 GENERAL 1.4.14 Electrical Firing Junction. A box or slat,connected by compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a shire or cable to the firing unit,that contains electrical connec- specified manner. tors that are intended to be attached to electric matches. 1.4.26* Lance. A thin cardboard tube packed with color- l.4.15" Electrical Firing Unit. A device that provides and producing pyrotechnic composition used to construct controls the electric current used to ignite fireworks during an ground display pieces. outdoor display. 1.4.27* Lift Charge. That composition in an aerial shell that 1.4.15.1* Automatic Electrical Firing Unit. A panel or box propels (lifts) the shell into the air when ignited,usually con- that operates automatically to provide the source of electric sisting of a black powder charge ignited by a quick match fuse. current used to ignite electric matches. 1.4.28* Listed. Equipment. materials, or services included 1.4.15.2* Handheld Electrical Firing Unit. A small,handheld in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the unit with manually operated switches that control the flow of authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation electric current to electric matches attached to fireworks of products or services,that maintains periodic inspection of devices. production of listed equipment or materials or periodic eval- 1.4.15.3* Manual Electrical Firing Unit. A panel or box with nation of services, and whose listing states that either the manually operated switches that control the flow of electric ❑quipment. material,rds er or sercice meets ed and found ar appropriate esi desig- current to electric matches attached to fireworks devices. 1.4.16* Electrical Ignition- A technique used to ignite fire- specified purpose. I 1.4.29 Loader(s). An assistant(s) who loads or reloads aerial works using a source of electric current. shells,comets,or mines into mortars. 1.4ing at* Electric Match- A device consisting osurrounded terminat-by a 1.4.30 Manual Ignition. A technique used to ignite fireworks ing a relatively high-resistance element surrounded by a small quantity of heat-sensitive pyrotechnic composition. using a handheld ignition source such as a fusee or portfire. 1.4.18* Fallout Area. The area over which aerial shells are 1.4.31 Mine. A device designed to project numerous stars fired. and other effects,such as whistles and firecrackers,into the air 1.4.19* Finale. A rapidly fired sequence (barrage) of aerial from a mortar charged by black powder that ignites the con- fireworks, typically fired at the end of a display. tents of the mine, propelling its contents into the air to alti- tudes.Y4.20* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the pur- that usually are lower than those reached by aerial shells. e of producing a visible or an audible effect for entertain- 1.4.32 Monitor. A person designated by the sponsors of the ment purposes by combustion, deflagration, or detonation display to keep the audience in the intended viewing area and • that meets the definition of Consumer Fireworks or Display Fire- out of the discharge.site and fallout area. works as set forth in this code. 1.4.33 Mortar. A tube from which aerial shells are fired into 1.4.20.1* Consumer Fireworks. Any small fireworks device the air. • designed primarily to produce visible effects by combustion or 1.4.34 Mortar Rack. A strong frame containing mortars. deflagration that complies with the construction, chemical Such racks most often are used for barrages and finales and in composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. Consumer electrically ignited displays. Product Safety Commission,as set forth in Tide 16, Code of Fed- 1.4.35 Mortar Trough. Aboveground structure filled with eral Regulations,Parts 1500 and 1507. 1.4.20.2* Display Fireworks. Fireworks devices intended for sand or similar material into which mortars are positionedready for use in a fireworks display. use in fireworks displays that are presented in conformance with the provisions of this code and that are designed to pro- 1.4.36 No-fire Current. The maximum current that can he duce visible or audible effects for entertainment purposes by applied to an electric match for 5 seconds at room tempera- combustion,deflagration,or detonation. lure without the match igniting. 1.4.21 Fireworks Display. A presentation of fireworks for a 1.4.37 Operator. The person with overall responsibility for the public or private gathering. safety,setup,and discharge of an outdoor fireworks display. 1.4.22 Fusee. A highway distress flare, sometimes used to 1.4.38 Portfre. A long tube containing slow-burning pvro- ignite fireworks at outdoor fireworks displays. technic composition that is sometimes used to ignite fireworks 1.4.23 Ground Display Piece. A pyrotechnic device that func- at outdoor fireworks displays. Lions on the ground (as opposed to an aerial shell that funs- 1.4.39 Potential Landing Area. See 1.4.18.Fallout Area. tions in the air) and that includes fountains. roman candles, 1.4.40 Quick Match. A black match that is encased in a loose- wheels,and"set pieces." fitting sheath.While exposed black match burns slowly,quick 1.4.24* Hazardous Debris. Any debris produced or expelled match propagates flame extremely rapidly, almost insnmta- bv the functioning of a pyrotechnic device that is capable of neously. Quick match is used in fuses for aerial shells and for causing personal injury or unpredicted property damage, simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic devices. including, but not limited to, hot sparks, heavy casing fray such as lances in a ground display piece. ,,,gents,and unignited components. 1.4.41 Ready Box. A storage container for aerial fireworks 1.25 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been such as mines, comets, and shells at the site of a fireworks attached a label,symbol,or other identifling mark of an raga- display. nilation that is acceptable to the authorin•having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri- 1.4.42* Ready Box Tenderlsl. An assistantlsi who controls odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or mate- and utilizes the ready box(esl during a reloaded fireworks rials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates display. 2000 Edition ri 1123-6 FIREWORKS DISPLAY '' 2. v' 1.4.43 Safety Cap. A paper tube, closed at one end, that is I ing of the shell shall not be less than 3 seconds or more Mart placed over the end of the fuse of a fireworks device to protect 6 seconds. i it from damage and accidental ignition. Exception: For electrically ignited displays, no delay period shall he ft, 1.4.44 Salute. A display fireworks item that is designed to pro- required. Fri duce a loud report. 1.4.45 Salute Powder. A pyrotechnic composition that makes 2.1.6 A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of ' ' a loud report when ignited and constitutes the sole vrotech- the fuse.fuse.The safety sa cap shall shallb bef installed different incolor uch from ma that nic effect of a salute. P of the the The safer cap such a manner that fuse is not damaged. e-` 1.4.46 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. Exception: For electrically fired displays, no safety cap shall be n- 1.4.47 Shooter. A member of the fireworks display crew quired, but there shall be no exposed pyrotechnic composition, (either the operator or an assistant) who performs the actual ignition of the fireworks,either by manual or electrical means. 2.1.7 Salute Shell Limits. 1.4.48 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is 2.1.7.1 Single break aerial salute shells shall be limited to a advised but not required. maximum size of 5 in. (127 mm) in diameter and length.Min- imum standards for use shall include the 1.4.49 Sponsor. The organization (person,group,or govern- following: ment agency) that arranges with a duly authorized fireworks (1) Nonmetal mortars shall be used. ( supplier for its services in presenting a fireworks display or in (2) Mortars used for salutes over 3 in. (76 mm) in diameter providing fireworks for use in a display. and length shall be individually supported and separated from other mortars by 10 times the inside diameter of the 1.4.50 Spotter. A member of the fireworks display crew (either the operator or an assistant) who observes the firing mortar. (3) Remote ignition or use of an added 5 second minimum and bursting of aerial shells and other display fireworks for the 5 purpose of detecting proper mortar angling,noting the occur- delay fuse extension shall be used. - z rence of duds, and observing for other potentially hazardous (4) Salute shells shall be preloaded into mortars. t situations. - 2.1.7.2 Salutes over 3 in. (76 mm) in diameter or length shall 1.4.51 Trough. See 1.4.35,Mortar Trough. be permitted to be used only by the following: 4 • i (1) Licensed operators or designated agents of licensed companies Chapter 2 Requirements for Display Fireworks (2) Displays under the direct control of a licensed pro£es- Aerial Shells and Equipment sional fireworks display company 2.1 Construction of Display Fireworks Aerial Shells. 2.1.7.3 Multiple break shells with salutes and shells consisting of multiple salute inserts or components shall be permitted, 2.1.1 Aerial shells, mines, and comets shall be classified and provided that the following requirements apply: i described only in terms of the inside diameter of the mortar I (1) Final or"bottom"shots (salutes) on multiple break shells from which they are fired [e.g., 3in. (76-mm) aerial shells, mines,and comets are only for use in Sin. (76-mm) mortars). shall not exceed the criteria for single break salutes. (2) Aerial shells containing multiple salutes shall consist of 2.1.2' Aerial shells shall be constructed so that they fit easily component salutes not exceeding 3 in. (76 mml and 3 oz into the appropriate size mortar and so that the lift charge and (85 g) individually. internal delay fuse are appropriate to propel the shell to a safe (3) Requirements for use and operator restrictions described altitude before functioning. for single break salutes shall apply, except that multi- 2.1.3' Shells shall be marked with the type of shell, the shell break shells shall be permitted to be fired from steel mot- 4 size,and the name of the manufacturer or distributor. Shells tars buried in the ground. troughs,or drums. also shall cam'a warning label,as described in Appendix B. 2.1.7.4 Ground Salutes. 1 2.1.3.1 The label or wrapper of any type of aerial shell shall be 2.1.7.4.1 Ground salutes shall not exceed 3 in. (76 mm) in marked conspicuously with a number to indicate the shell size diameter by 3 in. (76 mm) in length. (the diameter of the mortar to be used). 2.1.7.4.2 The maximum quantity of salute powder in ground 2.1.3.2 The label or wrapper of any type of aerial salute shall salutes shall not exceed 2.5 or (71 g). be conspicuously marked with the word"Salute." 2.1.7.4.3 Ground salutes shall be constructed of paper or 2.1.4 For aerial shells using a quick match fuse to ignite the other equivalent materials. They shall not he constructed of I lift charge, that fuse shall be long enough to allow not less metal or brittle plastic. than 6 in. (152 mm) of fuse to protrude from the mortar after the shell has been inserted properly. 2.2 Storage and Transportation of Fireworks. Exception No. l: For chain fused shells only the ignition leader shall I be long enough to allow not less than 6 in. (152 mm) 2.2.1 Any storage, handling, assembly, testing, or transports- of fuse to pro- don of fireworks materials and devices intended for outdoor lnzde from the mortar. display prior to their delivery to the display site shall be in Exception No. 2: This requirement shall not apply where shells are to accordance with NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transpor- be fired electrically. and Storage of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles-, Title 27, Code of Federal hol,Tobacco : 2.1.5 In order to allow the shooter to retreat safely,the time and F rearms, Para Part Bureau t1811, Commerce inExplosiveo Explosives, and Title 49,delay between igniting the tip of the shell's fuse and the fir- Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 171-177, C.S. Department of 2000 Edition 1! • • i - REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPLAY FIREWORKS AERI:\1.SHELLS AND EQUIPMENT 1123-7 Transportation.is This shall include, but is not tte limited to. Under no circumstances shall mortars he angled toward the E ,round display pieces, wheels, roman candle batteries, and spectator crewing area. (.also see Section 3.2.( inultishot devices. 2.3.3* Where mortars are [u he reloaded during a display, mortars of various sizes shall not be intermixed.Mortars of the 2.2.2 tAso soon as the not he left f have been delivered, andthey o the die same size shall be placed in groups. and the groups shall be play die. Unauthorized a shall be and the public and llshall be separated from one another. ) kept dry. persons and the shall he kept a P' minimum of 50 ft(15.2 m) from the fireworks. 2.3.4 Mortars of any type 6 in. (152 mm) in diameter or less s 2.2.3 All shells shall be inspected by the operator or assistants shall be permitted to be reloaded and fired up to 7 times dur- t following delivery to the display site. Any shells haling tears, ing a performance. leaks, broken fuses, or signs of having been wet shall be set Exception: There shall be no limit to the n umber of times a steel mortar aside and shall not be fired.After the display,such shells shall 6 in. (152 rum)or less is permitted to be reloaded. be either returned to the supplier or destroyed in accordance 2.3.5* Mortars shall he positioned to afford protection to the with the supplier's instructions. spectators and display personnel. Exception: Minor repairs to fuses shall be permitted.For electrically ig- nited 2.3.6 Mortars shall be inspected before the first shells are sa displays, attachment of electric matches and other similar tasks loaded to ensure that no water or debris has accumulated in r shall be permitted. the bottom of the mortar. - 2.23.1 At the display site, assembly or repair of fireworks 2.3.7* Mortars shall he of strength and durability to shall not be performed within 50 ft (15.2 m) of bulk fire- fire the aerial shells and f sufficient used sa str works storage. Assembly or repair of fireworks shall be lim- 2.3.7.1* Paper,HDPE, and fiberglass mortars are among the ited to the following: (1) .Assembly of ground display pieces from finished fire- types of mortars that shall be permuted to be used. 2.3.7.2 Cast iron, stove pipe, corrugated culvert, clay, bam- -. 1I works repairs pyrotechnic or cdes (2) Minor or modifications of fireworks boo,and wood shall not be used to make mortars. i (3) The attachment of electric matches 2.3.7.3 Metal mortars shall be either seamed or seamless: however,seamed mortars shall be placed so that all seams face 2.2.4 Ready Boxes. either right or left when viewing the line of mortars. _1 A ready box shall be a portable,weather-resistant con- 2.3.8* Steel mortars used to fire single break salute shells shall • tamer that protects contents from burning debris with a self- be buried according to Section 2.4. closing cover or equivalent means of closure required. t 23.9* Mortars shall he of sufficient length to cause aerial 2.2.4.2 After delivery and prior to the display, all shells shall shells to be propelled to safe heights. be separated according to size and their designation as salutes. Any display fireworks that will be temporarily stored at the dis- 2.3.10 The dimension of the inside diameter of the mortar play site during the fireworks display shall be stored in ready shall be conspicuously painted or otherwise marked on the boxes separated according to size and their designation as top of all mortars. salutes.Tarpaulins shall not be considered as ready boxes. Exception: Designation of the inside diameter dimension shall not be Exception: For electrically ignited displays, or displays where all shells required for outdoor fireworks displays tired under the direct control of are loaded into mortars prior to the show, there is no requirement for a professional fireworks display company. separation of shells according to size,for[heir designation as salutes.or for the use of ready boxes. 2.4 Installation of Buried Mortars. 1i 2.4.1* Mortars shall he buried to a depth of at least 2/3 to s/4 i 2.2.4.3* During the performance of an outdoor fireworks of their length, either in dye o ound or in aboveground display, ready boxes shall be located at a distance not less troughs or drums. than 25 ft(7.7 m) upwind from the mortar placements.If the • 2.4.2 Where paper mortars are ro be placed in damp ground wind shifts during a display, the ready boxes shall be located < to again be upwind from the discharge site. or damp sand or are to he in the ground or sand for more t an Exception No. 1: Where be ed by the authority having jtoisdic- 12 hours prior to the display. they shall be placed inside a p water-resistant bag or otherwise protected against moisture lion, alternate measures shall be taken. prior to placement in the ground or sand. Exception No. 2: Where there are no shells requiring storage during a 4 2 I Wherever is the likelihood of ground leak- be . as for an electrically ignited display, no ready boxes shall display, mg 2.10 the mve there the mortar shall be of placed inside water a leak- he required. resisran t bag prior to placement in the ground. 23 Installation of Mortars. 2.4.2.2 Weather-resistant coverings shall be placed over the 2.3.1* General. Prior to placement, mortars shall be mouth of mortars wherever there is imminent danger of water pected carefully for defects,such as dents, bent ends,dam- collecting in the mortars. d interiors, and damaged plugs. Defective mortars shall 2.4.3* Buried mortars shall be placed to prevent them from not be used. being driven into the ground or reangled when tired. 1 2.3.2* Mortars shall be positioned and spaced so that shells Exception: Where a mortar is to be used only once, such as for an elec- are propelled away from spectators,over the fallout area,and tacafly fired display, added support shall be optional and shall not he to afford maximum protection to the shouter and loader. required. 2000 Edition 1123-8 FIREWORKS DISPLAY !-,- .7s:„ 2.4.4*2.4.4* Mortars that are buried in the ground,in troughs,or in drums shall be separated from adjacent mortars by a distance ble.1.3,buon: �emort the a��hall be ration separatede twice minimumi r disc in To-.... at least equal to the diameter of the mortar. of b'the distance Exception: Where electrical ignition of unchained aerial shells 6 in. 2.6.1.2*6 internal diameter mortars in e largest mortar in sequence.rep • (152 mm)and less in diameter is used, there is no requirement fors shalh For m lisee racks,u mortar[ c of that have suffi. oration of mortars. shall be accomplished by using mortar racks have lug.cient strength to withstand such a failure successfully. 2.4.4.1 Mortars in troughs or drums shall be positioned to Exception: Where there is doubt concerning the strength of racks hoa afford the maximum protection to the shooter. ing chain fused mortars, the separation distances from 2.4.4.2 There shall be a separation distance of at least 2 in. those racks to . spectators shall be twice those listed in Table 3.1.3 f r the largest;nor. (50 mm) or 1/2 the diameter of the mortar, whichever is tar in the sequence. 2.6.1.3 Chain-fused mortar racks shall be positioned to maxi- greater,between the mortar and the trough or drum. ss Exception: Where electrical ignition is used, all mortars placed in mize the placement of racks perpendicular to spectator view. drums or troughts shall be spaced at least 2 in. (50 mm)from the wall ing areas. of the drum or trough. 2.6.1.4 Chain-fused mortar racks containing mortars 3 in. 2.4.5 If troughs and drums are used,they shall be filled with (76 mm) or less in diameter shall be limited to a maximum of sand or soft dirt; in no case shall stones or other potentially 15 m° per unit. Racks containing mortars 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter shall be limited to a maximum of 12 mortars.Racks dangerous debris he present. N 2.4.5.1 Troughs shall be reinforced or braced in a minimum containing mortars 5 in. to 6 in. (125 mm to 150 mm) in dram• ' every 4 ft eter shall be limited to a r mormum of 10to mortars. Chain-fused racks shall not be used for mortars greater than 6 in. (150 mm) of two places on the sides at intervals no greater than .ti:. (1.2 m). in diameter. Exception: Boxed finale items containing tubes 2.5 in. (75 mm)or 2.4.5.2 Where possible, the narrow side of the trough shall face the greatest number of spectators and the firing progres- less in diameter only shall not be required to comply with the limita- sion shall develop in a direction away from the spectators.ssa Lions in 2.6.1.4. ' ' 2.5 Installation of Mortar Racks. 2.6.1.5* MI chain fused aerial fireworks devices, including V). those not in mortar racks such as roman candle batteries and �.a 2.5.1 break shells in. (152 in multi-tube aerial items,shall be positioned securely to prevent diameter.1Single shall b be permitted not to exceeding e fired 6 from securely mm) ini- tipover or hazardous movement during operation. boned mortar racks. This shall be accomplished by the use of stakes,racks,sand- , bags,earth,or equivalent means. 2.5.2 Firing of single break shells that are 7 in. (178 mm) or Exception: Where there is doubt concerning the adequacy of the meth- 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter shall be permitted from securely od used to secure such devices, the separation distances from those de- 4 positioned mortar racks provided the following conditions are vices to spectators shall be twice those listed in Table 3.1.3 for the Ss met: largest tube in the device. - (1) The mortar is not metallic. 2.6.2 Staple guns shall not be permitted to be used to secure (2) Electrical or equivalent means of remote ignition is used quick match that is connected to aerial shells,mines,or comets. to fire the shell. • (3) The shell is not chain fused to any other shells. 2.6.3 Chain-fused aerial shells shall not be permitted to be • reloaded. 2.5.3 Mortar racks or bundles shall be constructed in a thor- ough and workmanlike manner to be capable of holding mul- tiple mortars in position during normal functioning. Chapter 3 Display Site Selection 2.5.4 Mortar racks or bundles that are not inherently stable 3.1 General. shall be secured or braced to stabilize them.Stabilization shall be accomplished by using stakes, legs,A-frames, side-hoards, 3.1.1 The intent of this chapter shall be to provide require- { or equivalent means. merits for clearances upon which the authority having jurisdic- . 2.5.5 Mortar racks or bundles shall be oriented, angled, or von shall base its approval of an outdoor fireworks display site. Where added safe precautionshave been taken, or pardcu- oriented and angled in such a way that maximizes the audi- lady favorable conditions exist,the authority having jurisdiction ence's safety. shall be permitted to decrease the required separation dis- tances as it deems appropriate, upon demonstration that the 2.6 Requirements for Chain Fusing. hazard has been reduced or the risk has been properly pro- 2.6.1 tected. Where unusual or safety-threatening conditions exist, Wherever more than three shells are to be chain fused, such as for sequential firing, additional measures shall be the requiauthredrity haying dd Lance shall t de ms necessary. to increase € required to prevent adjacent mortars from being repositioned the required separation distances as it deems necessary. Li inthe event that a shell explodes in a mortar, causing it to 3.1.2 A site plan shall he submitted to the authority haling • burst. jurisdiction in a time period as required by the authority hay- ing jurisdiction prior to the display. The site plan shall t 2.6.1.1 For buried mortars, prevention of repositioning shall include the dimensions of the discharge site,spectator view- be accomplished by spacing the mortars with a minimum sep- aration distance of four times their diameter ing area, parking areas, and the fallout area and the assort- hued separation distances. After review of the site plan, the 2000 Edition __. DISPL\Y SITE SELECTION 1123-9 nllMIMIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIal iction shall inspect the area depicted 3.2 Discharge Site. ppendix C for additional information.) '3.2.1 The area selected for the discharge of aetal shells shall oles are dug into the ground in order be located so that the trajectory of the shells shall not come i (U place mortars, the operator shall consult with the sponsor within`25 ft (7.7 m) of any overhead object. ,n'1 authority having jurisdiction in order to locate any buried aihi lines in the discharge site. 3.2.2 Ground display pieces shall be located a minimum dis- tance of 75 ft(23 m) from spectator viewing areas and parking j.1.3* The site for the outdoor land or water display shall areas. have at least a 70-ft/in. (22-m/2.5 mm) radius of internal mor- I ;al'diameter of the largest aerial shell to be fired as shown in Exception No. 1: For ground pieces with greater hazard potential Table 3.1.3. (such as large wheels with powerful drivers. and items employing large ; salutes), the minimum separation distance shall be increased to 125 ft ( 3.1.3.1 No spectators or spectator parking areas shall be (38 m). located within the display site. Exception No. 2: .411 roman candles and muitishot devices shall have the separation distance of 125 ft H8 m l or 70 ft/in. (22 m/25 mm) j 3.1.3.2 Dwellings, buildings, and structures shall be permit- of tube diameter, whichever is greater. 1 red to be located within the display site with the approval of l the authority having jurisdiction and the owner of the dwell- 3.2.3* Where the mortars are positioned vertically, the mor- ing,building,or structure,if the dwelling,building,or struc- tars shall be placed at the approximate center of the display rare is unoccupied during the display, or if the structure site. provides protection through substantial noncombustible or f tire-resistant construction for the occupants. 3.2.3.1* Mortars shall be permitted to be angled during a dis- play to allow for wind and to carry shells away from the main 3.1.3.3* Distances from health care and detention and cor- spectator viewing areas. rectional facilities shall be at least twice the distances specified in Table 3.1.3. 3.2.3.1.1 The angled mortars shall be permitted to be placed up to 1/3 of the distance from the center of the display site (see Exception: Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction and Table 3.1.3)toward the main spectator viewing area. ---i 1e health care or detention and correctional facility. i 3.2.3.1.2 The mortars shall be angled so that any dud shells � 3.1.3.4* The distance between the mortar line and bulk stor- fall at a point approximately equal to the offset of the mor- 1 age areas of materials that have a flammability, explosive, or tars from the center of the display site, but in the opposite toxic hazard shall be twice that required by Table 3.1.3. direction. Exception: The fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment he 3.2.4 Unauthorized tents shall not be located within the dis- rated in the display site shall not be considered bulk storage. I play site. Table 3.1.3 Distances for Outdoor Fireworks Display Sites:Minimum Separation Distances from Mortars to Spectators for Land or Water Displays Minimum Secured Angled Mortars' Mortars to Mortar Size' Diameter of Site' Vertical Mortars' '/t offset Special Hazards' in. mm ft m ft m ft m ft m <3 <76 280 85 140 43 95 29 280 85 3 76 420 128 210 64 140 43 420 128 4 102 560 171 280 85 190 58 560 171 5 127 700 213 350 107 230 70 700 213 6 152 840 256 420 128 280 85 840 256 7 178 980 299 490 149 320 98 980 299 8 203 1120 341 560 171 370 113 1120 341 10 254 1400 427 700 213 460 140 1400 427 12 305 1680 512 840 256 560 171 1680 512 ^42 requires the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. See 2.1.1. 3See 3.1.3. 3See 3.2.3. ''See 3.2.3.1. Note that for angled mortars,the minimum secured diameter of the display site dons not change.Onis the location of the mortars within the secured area changes when the mortars are angled. 'See 3.1.3.2. Note that this is only the distance 10 the special hazards.The minimum secured dianrrier of the isMtr. die does not change. 2000 Edition 1123-10 FIREWORKS DISPLAY ,• _s ...—' 3.3 Fallout Area Exception.Vo. 1: Multishot devices up to 3 in. (76 mm)in diameter 3.3.1* The fallout area shall be a large open area. x width).shall be calculated at twice the actual footprint of each device(length . ' .' 3.3.2 Spectators,unauthorized vehicles,watercraft,or readily Exception No. 2: Ground display pieces shall be excluded from the cat combustible materials shall not be located within the fallout culations for minimum display set-up area. area during the display. 4.3.3.3 Fire protection personnel and their vehicles and other 2 S/in..2 e m n,between mortars and safety shelter shall he { (0.6 /_t mm) of diameter of any mortars up to 6 in. emergency response personnel and vehicles shall remain at or (152 mm ) in diameter. For shells larger than 6 in. (152 mm LL beyond the perimeter of the display site during the actual fir- ) &•13 in diameter,the minimum separation distance shall be 4 ft/in. ing of the display. (1.22 m/25 mm) of shell diameter. Exception: If the safety sheller is constructed of material,then '17$ the separation distance between mortars and the shelter shall be p f'= Chapter 4 Floating Vessels and Floating Platforms ted to be reduced. a "u' wr 4.1 General. 4.3.3 Egress Requirements. 4.1.1 The intent of this chapter shall be to provide guidance 4.3.3.1 At all times a minimum of two separate egress paths for the display of fireworks from floating vessels and floating protective barricades or safety shelters. t. 4.3. 2 4.1.2 Floating vessels and floating platforms shall be permit- in-tents Egress paths shall be unobstructed and free of imped- {Eir ted to be manned or unmanned as long as the pyrotechnic +x; crew remains in control of the site and firing of the display. 4.3.4* Floating platforms constructed of wood or other cow- " bustible mate 4.1.3 Floating vessels and floating platforms shall be held in launch vessel ria]shall be permitted to be used as a fireworks _4 control at all times, whether self-propelled, controlled by another vessel,or secured by mooring or anchoring. 4.4 Operations. Y. 4.2 Construction. 4.4.1 Manual firing of displays shall be permitted on floating vessels and floating platforms under the following conditions: 4.2.1* Floating vessels and floating platforms shall be of sub (1) All shells shall be preloaded into mortars prior to the dis- ficient strength and stability to safely allow the firing of the display. play. (2) Shells shall be limited-to single-break and shall not 4.2.2 The types of fireworks and placement of the fireworks exceed 6 in. (152 mm) in diameter. (3) The minimum size of the floating vessel or floating plat- launch tubes and accompanying equipment shall be such , that, when fired, the stability of the site structures and sea- form shall be twice that required for an electrically fired worthiness of the floating vessels or platforms shall not be display in 4.3.1. (4) A protective barrier(s) meeting the strength require- jeopardized. ments of 3/4 in. (19 mm) plywood or equivalent shall 4.2.3 Floating vessels and floating platforms that are manned be provided. All personnel other than the shooter(s) during electrical firing shall have a safety shelter. The safety and operator shall be behind the barrier(s) during the shelter shall meet the following requirements: display. (5) Electrical firing on the same vessel or platform where (1) Be of sufficient size to accommodate all personnel manual firing is used shall be in accordance with 6.1.4. present during the actual firing of the display (2) Have a minimum of three sides and a roof 4.4.2 Shells shall be loaded into mortars and in place prior to • (3) Have walls and a roof constructed of at least t the start of a display.There shall be no reloading of any mate- (19-mm) plywood or equivalent materia /'m. rial during the display. 4.4.3 AI personnel,other than spotters or fire watch,shall be 4.3 Platform Sizing Requirements. in safety shelters. Spotters and fire watch on a floating plat- 4.3.1* The minimum size for the floating vessel or Boatin form or floating vessel shall he behind protective bathers dur- • platform for electrically fired programs that are manned shall ing the display with minimum wall construction ofgrin. be based upon the area for the setup of the display plus the (19-mm) plywood or e equivalent material. safety area for the safety shelter. The minimum specifications 4.4.4 A C.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device for these two areas shall be defined by the following formula: (PFD)shall be provided and available for each person on a dis- play launched from floating vessels and floating platforms. .bf x De Those PFDs shall he properly worn any time the vessel is not Minimum display set-up azea(t 2) = moored at the dock. PFDs shall have or include a visual loca- I , 2 tion device. where: M„=number of each different mortar size from I to a 4.4.5 A watercraft ready and capable of providing rapid emer- 4 gency response shall be present during the display. D„.inside diameter(in inches) for each different size 4.4.6* The positions of the shells or mortars on floating ves- mortar sels and floating platforms from which fireworks are launched 2000 Edition C.: OPERATION OF THE DISPLAY 1123-11 r-- shall comply with minimum safety distance requirements as 5.1.3.3* During the firing of the display, all personnel in the outlined in Table 3.1.3. discharge site shall wear head protection,eye protection,hear- ing protection, and foot protection and shall wear cotton, 4.5* Communications. An operational means of communica- wool, or similarly flame-resistant, long-sleeved. long-legged Lion, such as a cellular/digital telephone, marine radio, or clothing.Personal protective equipment,as necessary,shall be walkie-talkie system, shall be on board manned vessels and worn by the operator and assistants during the setup and platforms from which fireworks are being discharged. cleanup of the display. 4.6* Personnel. During the display only necessary personnel 5.1.4 Wherever,in the opinion of the authority having juris- shall he aboard any floating vessel or floating platform. diction or the operator, any hazardous condition exists, the fireworks display shall be postponed until the condition is 4,7 Combustible Material. corrected. 4.7.1* Floating vessels and floating platforms shall be free of 5.1.4.1 If, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction all nonessential flammable or combustible materials. or the operator, the lack of crowd control poses a hazard, the 1 4.7.2 Tank vessels used as floating platforms shall be certified fireworks display shall be discontinued immediately until such as gas free in accordance with NFPA 306, Standard for the Con- time as the situation is corrected. Li trot of Gas Hazards on Vessels. 5.1.4.2 If high winds,precipitation,or other adverse weather 4.7.3 Portable power-generation equipment, motorized vehi- conditions prevail such that a significant hazard exists in the i des,and material-handling equipment deemed necessary for opinion of the operator or authority having jurisdiction, the the performance of the display shall be permitted. fireworks display shall be postponed until weather conditions i improve to a reasonable level. Chapter 5 Operation of the Display 5.1.4.3 One or more spotters shall watch the flight and behav • - ior of aerial shells and other aerial fireworks to verify that they i are functioning as intended. If any unsafe condition is 5.1 General Requirements. The sponsor of the display shall detected, such as hazardous debris falling into the audience, make provisions for adequate fire protection for the display. the spotter shall signal the shooter to cease firing until the ' .1.1* The sponsor shall consult with the authority having unsafe condition is corrected. The spotters shall be in direct 1 ,urisdiction and the operator to determine the level of fire communication with the shooter during the conduct of the protection required. display, with an effective means of informing the shooter of any hazardous condition. 5.1.2* Monitors whose sole duty shall be the enforcement of crowd control shall be located around the display area and at 5.1.4.4 In the event of a condition arising requiring the entry other locations as determined by the sponsor. The authority of fire protection or other emergency response personnel into having jurisdiction and the operator shall approve the prosi- the fallout area or security perimeter, the display shall be sions for crowd control. halted until the situation is resolved and the area is once again clear. 5.1.2.1 Monitors shall be positioned around the discharge site to prevent spectators or any other unauthorized persons from 5.1.5 Operators and assistants shall use only flashlights, elec- entering the discharge site. The discharge site shall be so tric lighting, or other nonincendive illumination such as restricted throughout the display and until the discharge site chemiluminescent devices for illuminating the firing and has been inspected after the display. Where required by the ready box area. authority having jurisdiction,approved delineators or barriers 5.1.6 Smoking materials, matches, lighters or open flame shall be used to aid in crowd control. devices shall not he allowed within 50 ft !15 ml of any area Exception: Some portions of the display site, but not the discharge where fireworks or other pyrotechnic materials are present. sitels), shall be permitted to be open to the public prior to the display. Exception: Devices such as fusees, portfares, and torches shall be per- 5.1.2.2 During the period before the display,where pyrotech- milted to be used to ignite fireworks. • nic materials are present, unescorted public access to the site 5.1.7 Measures shall be taken to protect all pyrotechnic mate- shall not be permitted. rink to be used in the display from adverse weather conditions. 5.1.3 The operator shall have primary responsibility for safety. Moisture-damaged materials shall not be used. While the operator shall be permitted to participate actively in 5.1.8 No person shall be allowed in the discharge area while the firing of the fireworks display,safety shall be the primary concern of the operator. under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, or medication that could adversely affect judgment, mobility,or stability. 5.1.3.1* The operator shall be responsible for ensuring that a sufficient number of assistants are available for the safe con- 5.2 Firing of Shells. duct of the fireworks display.Only the operator and necessary 5.2.1* Shells shall he carried from the storage area to the dis- assistants shall be permitted in the discharge area while the charge site only by their bodies and shall never be carried by display is in progress. their fuses. 5.1.3.2 The operator shall be responsible for ensuring that all Exception: As specified in 5.2.3. assistants are fully trained in the proper performance of their assigned tasks and that they are educated with regard to safety 5.2.2 Shells shall be checked for proper fit in their mortars hazards. prior to the display. 2000 Edition ERIMMMIIIMllieIIIII"Il"IMIFMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"j• FIREWORKS DISP[.AY n being loaded into the mortars,shells shall be heldyeruses or lowering cords if provided and shall be lowered electrical in nature oe r the aerial trical ignition hell was enot fired d and tintentionally firing rpu carefully into the mortar.At no time shall any pm of the body shell shall be permitted to be salvaged by the operator. 5.2.10.2 The proper disposal instructions shall be provided by 5.2.4* The loader shall be certain to the degree practicable the supplier and shall be followed. that the shell is properly seated in the bottom of the mortar. 5.2.10.3* It shall be the responsibility of the shooter to detect 5.2.5 Shells shall not,under any circumstances,be forced into when a shell does not fire from a mortar. That person shall a mortar too small to accommodate them. Shells that do not warn others in the area and shall ensure that the mortar is fit properly into the mortars shall not be fired and shall be dis- marked to indicate the presence of an unfired aerial shell. posed of in accordance with the procedure described in Exception: Where electrically firing the mortar shall not be required to :' 5.2.10.2. be marked. However,persons entering the area after the fireworks dis- 5.2.6* Manually fired shells shall be ignited by lighting the tip play shall conduct themselves as though unfired shells present a haz- of the fuse with a fusee, torch, portfire, or similar device. As and until otherwise advised by the operator, t soon as the fuse is ignited, the shooter shall vacate the mortar 5.2.11* Manual reignition of chain-fused aerial shells shall be p area. attempted only at properly installed ignition points. 5.2.6.1 The safety cap protecting the fuse shall not be 5.2.12* Following the display,the firing crew shall conduct an removed by the shooter until immediately before the shell is inspection of the fallout area for the purpose of locating any 34 to be fired. unexploded aerial shells or live components. This inspection 5.2.7 No person ever shall place any body part over the mor- shall a be conductedbefore any public access to the site shall be . tar during the loading and firing of a display until mortars have been checked for the absence of any shells following the 5.2.12.1 Any shells found during the search shall not be han- k display. died until at least 15 minutes have elapsed from the time the shells were fired. The fireworks then l be douse with 5.2.8 The first shell fired shall be observed carefully to deter- water and allowed to remain for at least 5 additi additional minutes ( mine that its trajectory is such that the shell functions over the before being placed cautiously in a plastic bucket or fiber- fallout area and that any hazardous debris or unexploded board box. _ shells land in the fallout area. 5.2.8.1 The display shall be interrupted and the mortars shall 5.2.12.2 The proper disposal instructions provided with the be reangled or repositioned as necessary for safety at any time 5.2.12fireworks by the supplier shall be followed. .3 Where fireworks are displayed at night, a search of during an outdoor fireworks display. the fall out fallout area shall be made immediately after the display 5.2.9 Large Diameter Shells. and at first light the following morning by the operator or • esnted 5.2.9.1 All aerial shells greater than 6 in. (152 mm) in diame- j ri dict personnel acceptable to the authorise having ter shall be preloaded into mortars prior to the beginning of the display. 5.3 Ground Display Pieces. MI ground display pieces shall be Exception: Shells that are nominal 7 in. (178 mm)orb in. (203 mm) co11nstructed,assembled,and stored in accordance with NFPA in diameter shallbe permitted to he reloaded during the in of the du- works an Pyrotechnic de othe Manufacture, atTransportationhdisplay site. nrageofFire- play provided that the mortars to be reloaded are buried at leat 3/4 of the ate Articles,or at the display site. their length in the ground. The reloading of 7-in. (178-mm)and 8-in. 5.3.1 To the extent that it is ethe al, all ground display (203-mm)mortars in troughs, drums, or racks shall not be permitted. Pieces shall be positioned outside the discharge area of aerial displays. 5.2.9.2 All aerial shells greater than 6 in. (152 mm) in diame- Exception.Vo. 1: Where ground display pieces are to be fired electrical- ter shall be fired using electrical ignition (see Chapter 6) or lg they shall be permitted to be located in the fallout area. other means of remote ignition that place the shooter and assistants at least 75 ft(23 m) away from the mortar or behind Exception No. 2: Where aerial shells have been preloaded,discharge ground du- i sturdy barricade at the time of ignition of the lift charge. play pieces shall be permitted to be located in that area. Exception:* Shells that are nominally 7 in.(178 mm)or 8 in.(203 mm) 5.3.2 Dry grass or combustible materials located beneath in diameter shall be permitted to be ignited manually provided that the ground display pieces shall be wet down before the display if mortars are buried at least 3/3oftheir length in the ground and the shoot- they are in sufficient quantity to be a fire hazard. er has been provided unth allernative means of protection. 5.3.3 Poles for ground display pieces shall be securely placed 5.2.10* In the event that a shell fails to ignite in the mortar, and firmly braced so that they do not fall over during function- the mortar shall be marked to indicate the presence of an function- ing of the fireworks device. unfired shell,and the mortar shall not be reloaded or reused while the misfired shell remains a hazard. 5.2.10.1 Immediately following the display but no sooner Chapter 6 Electrical Ignition of a Display than 15 minutes after the attempted firing,if the shell still has I 6.1* General. not fired, the mortar shall be flooded with water cautiously 6.1.1* The intent of this chapter shall be to provide require- ii and allowed to stand for a minimum of 5 minutes before it is ments for the proper setup and operation of an outdoor dis- emptied cautiously of the shell. play of fireworks that are to be ignited using electrical means. - .y 2000 Edition =• rairiaiWalliaaIFAIMIIIIIIIIWaigjilinaWMialara' f ELECTRICAL IGNITION OF A DISPLAY 1123-13 1 .1.2 The intent of this chapter also is to provide require- 6.2.10 Shunts of the type sometimes used in commercial blast- menu and minimum standards for the design and use of elec- ing shall not be required on any electrical firing unit used for trical firing units used in electrically fired displays, including the ignition of pyrotechnic devices at an outdoor display of manually operated,automatically operated,and handheld fir- fireworks. Iing units. 6.2.11 Electrical tiring units shall be powered by batteries or 6.1.3 Where only electrical ignition is used, the operator and isolated power supplies used for firing purposes only.If batter- all assistants shall be positioned a minimum of 75 ft (23 m) ies are used, they shall be self-contained in the firing unit or from any mortar or shall be positioned behind a protective otherwise covered or protected to prevent accidental contact I barrier approved by the authority having jurisdiction. with wires leading to the fireworks. Exception: This shall not be required for the electrical ignition of lance Exception: Electrical firing units powered by commercial power shall work and other set-pieces ofsimilar low harard, be permitted,provided they incorporate an isolation transformer. The transformer shall be located within the firing unit or elsewhere in the 6.1.4 Where both manual firing and electrical ignition are firing system. used during a display,the mortars to be used for manual firing i shall be separated from the mortars to be used for electrical 6.3 Setup of Electrical Firing Units. ignition by a distance of at least 25 ft(7.7 m). 6.3.1 All portions of the electrical firing unit from the power 6.2 Design of Electrical Firing Units. supply to the electric match shall be visually inspected by the r shooter controlling the electrical firing unit or an assistant 6.2.1 Electrical firing units and accompanying junctions shall prior to the display. be manufactured specifically for use in the electrical ignition of pyrotechnic devices or explosives. The manufacturer shall 6.3.1.1 The electrical firing unit shall not be in test or arm sta- supply specifications and instructions for the proper setup and tus during this inspection. use of each unit. 6.3.1.2 Repairs shall be permitted, provided that the system I Exception: Specifications and instructions s shall not be required where can he returned to full, safe operating condition prior to the the electrical firing unit has been manufactured by the person operat- display. ing the unit at the display. 6.3.2* The electrical firing unit shall be set up and located so 6.2.2* Manual electrical firing units shall include a key-operated that there is a clear line of sight to the mortars and other parts --switch or similar device that greatly reduces the possibility that of the discharge site. tauthorized or unintentional firings can occur. Exception: A direct line of sight shall not be required where an assis- 6.2.3* Manual electrical firing units shall be designed so that tant acting as a spotter is in direct communication with the shooter at least two positive actions shall he necessary to apply a firing controlling the electrical firing unit current to an electric match. 6.3.3 Only those persons necessary for the proper and safe fir- 6.2.4* Switches used to apply power to electrical firing units ing of the display shall be permitted in the vicinity of the elec- for testing,firing,or both shall clearly indicate the function or trical firing unit during the display. functions of each switch. 6.3.4 Where fireworks are being loaded into mortars or other- 6.2.5 A light, a beeper, or both shall activate when a manual wise set up for firing at the display site,cables from the electri- electrical firing unit is armed. cal firing unit shall be disconnected. 6.2.6 A handheld electrical firing unit shall have two switches 6.3.5 Once the fireworks have been loaded or otherwise set or require two actions,one to ann the unit and one to fire the up. testing of the circuits shall be permitted.No persons shall unit.The unit shall be designed so that it cannot he fired with- be permitted in the immediate area of any fireworks that have out first being armed.Switches shall be clearly identified, and been attached to the electrical tiring unit when any circuit test- the unit shall have a light or indicator that signals when the ing is performed. unit is ready to fire. Handheld firing units that incorporate a 6.3.6 If the testing of the circuits indicates that a problem capacitive discharge design shall dissipate the stored charge exists,the operator or assistant shall be permitted to reinspect within 15 seconds after the arming switch is released. any cables, connections, or electric matches that are in ques- Exception: This requirement shall not apply to blasting machines tion.This inspection shall he performed only after the electri- such as clackers, rotary generators, and plunger-type firing units that cal firing unit has been switched off or disconnected from the derive their energy from mechanical action. power source. 6.2.7 Automatic electrical firing units shall incorporate some 6.4 Operation of the Electrical Firing Unit form of a "dead-man switch," so that all firings cease the moment that the switch is released. 6.4.1 Prior to arming the electrical tiring unit for tiring, the shooter controlling the electrical tiring unit shall confirm that 6.2.8 If an electrical firing unit has a built-in test circuit, the no personnel are present in the electrically ignited mortar unit shall be designed to limit the test current tin to a short cir- cuit) area to 0.05 ampere or to 20 percent of the no-fire current of ie electric match being used,whichever is less. 6.4.2 The shooter controlling the electrical firing unit shall be provided with a means of communicating with the operator. 6.2.9 Multitesters,such as volt-ohm meters,shall not be used for testing electric matches unless the tester's maximum cur- 6.4.3* The shooter controlling the electrical firing unit shall rent delivery potential has been measured and found to meet cease firing from any discharge site that has a significant mal- the requirements of 6.2.8. function until the operator or an assistant visually inspects the 2000 Edition P"'""'"".'"'"'""'""""14. ki. 1123-14 �� FIREWORKS DISPLAY -12-1 e'' discharge site for damage to mortars, equipment, or remain- ing fireworks and indicates that it is safe for firing to resume. Chapter 8 Referenced Publications • The electrical firing unit shall be switched off or disconnected 8.1 The following documents or portions thereof are refer- while this inspection is being performed. enced within this code as mandatory requirements and shall 6.4.4 When a serious discharge hazard exists, be considered part of the requirements of this code.The edi- 6.4.4 6.4. as during n an oust electrostatic storm, all d discelectharge haticrdxidischarge- don indicated for each referenced mandatory document is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance ofbe this sensitive operations shall be suspended, and personnel shall withdraw to a safe location. code. Some of these mandatory documents might also be ref- -� erenced in this code for specific informational purposes and, therefore,are also listed in Appendix G. 6.5 Post-Display Operations, 8.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- tion, 1 Batterymarch Park,P.O. Box 9101,Quincy,MA 02269- 6.5.1 After the completion of the display, the electrical firing 9101. . unit shall be switched off and all cables disconnected prior to ! any cleanup or other work in the display site. NFPA]60,Standard for Effects Before an Audience, 1998 it t edition. d6.5.2• Immediately after the display, the discharge site shall NFPA 306, Standard for the Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels, '1 be unapproachable by all personnel for a period of time that 1997 edition. the operator deems necessary for safety. After this period of NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketty, 1997 edition. time, the discharge site shall be cautiously inspected for any NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, and unfired devices by the operator or assistants. Storage of Fireworks and fjtrotechnic Articles, 1998 edition. 6.5.2.1* Where conditions allow, the firing of any unfired NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proxi- i devices after the display shall be permitted,in accordance with mate Audience., 1996 edition. all other sections of this code. 8.1.2 Other Publications. t 6.5.2.2 Otherwise, the remaining fireworks shall be properly 8.1.2.1 U.S. Government Publications. Superintendent of packaged and returned to the supplier or disposed of in com- Documents, L.S. Government Printing Office, Washing-ton, DC 20402. pliance with all applicable regulations. Tide 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1500 and 1507, U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission. Cha ter 7 Tide 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 181, Bureau of p Qualifications Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms, U.S.Department of Treasury. Tide 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 171 to end, U.S. 7.1 Operator Qualifications. Department of Transportation. 7.1.1 The operator shall be at least 21 years old and licensed or approved by the authority havingjurisdiction in accordance Appendix A Explanatory Material with any and all applicable laws. 7.1.2 Applicants for licensing as an operator shall provideAppendix A is not a part of the requirements of this NFP.i docu- evidence of actual experience as an operator or assistant as ment but is included for informational purposes only. This appendix contains explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the appli- part of demonstrating competency to the authority having cable text paragraphs. jurisdiction. A.1.4.1 Aerial Shell. The shells are most commonly 3 in. to 7.1.3 Applicants for licensing as an operator shall successfully 6 in. (76 mm to 152 mm) outside diameter and are fired from complete a written examination of laws, regulations, and mortars. Upon firing, the fuse and lift charge are consumed. safety practices pertaining to the discharge of fireworks that A.1.4.2 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association shall be administered by the authority having jurisdiction or does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce- otherwise shall demonstrate knowledge of these areas. dures,equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evalu- 7.2 Assistants. All assistants shall be at least 18 years old. ate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations,procedures,equipment,or materials,the author- 7.3 Permits Required. ity having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of 7.3.1• The operator, supplier, or sponsor shall obtain a dis- such standards,said authority may require evidence of proper play permit from the authority haingjurisdictionprior to per- riot; a may l procedure,to oet the use. gsT o labeling practices gjsrofan forming the fireworks display. also refer listings or labeling practices of an organization that is concerned with product evaluations and is 7.3.2 As part of the permit process, the operator,supplier,or thus in a position to determine compliance with appropriate sponsor shall demonstrate financial responsibility for the fire- standards for the current production of listed items. works display to the authority having jurisdiction by providing A.1.4.3 Assistant. The duties of an assistant include tasks proof of insurance or by other appropriate means. such as setting up the equipment and fireworks,loading mot- 7.3.3 The operator or supplier shall maintain any required tars (loader), spotting the bursting location of aerial shells 7.3.3 or e state permit(s) or lien shseall to possess and use i ed (spotter), tending a ready box (ready box tender), igniting works. Pthe fireworks (shooter),striking the equipment,and cleaning the discharge site. 2000 Edition APPENDIX A 1123-15 A.1.4.4 Authority HavingJurisdiction. The phrase "author- A.1.4.18 Fallout Area. The shells burst over the area, and sty having jurisdiction"is used in NFPA documents in a broad unsafe debris and malfunctioning aerial shells tall into this manner,since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary,as do area.The fallout area is the location where a typical aerial shell their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the dud falls to the ground,depending on the wind and the angle authority having jurisdiction may be a federal,state,local,or of mortar placement. other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; A.1.4.19 Finale. The mortars are loaded prior to the display, fire marshal;chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor depart- and the aerial shells are chain fused to fire in rapid sequence. ment, or health department; building official; electrical inspector;or others having statutory authority.For insurance A.1.4.20 Fireworks. Toy caps for use in toy pistols, toy canes purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating or toy gums, and novelties and trick noisemakers as enumer- bureau. or other insurance company representative may be ated in Appendix E of this code are not considered to be fire- the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances,the works.For information on recoverable aero models,see NFPA property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the 1122, Code for Model Rocketry. role of the authority having jurisdiction: at government Model rockets and model rocket motors designed. sold, installations, the commanding officer or departmental offi- and used for the purpose of propelling recoverable aero mod- cial may be the authority having jurisdiction. els are not considered to be fireworks. A.1.4.5 Barrage. Mortars are loaded prior to the display,and A.1.4.20.1 Consumer Fireworks. Some small devices designed the aerial shells are chain fused to fire in rapid sequence. to produce audible effects are included, such as whistling A.1.4.6 Battery. This term is not to be confused with an elec- devices,ground devices containing 50 mg (0.002 g) or less of trical battery used to provide a source of current. explosive composition (salute powder), and aerial devices containing 130 mg (0.005 g) or less of explosive composition A.1.4.8 Break. Aerial shells can be either single-break (having (salute powder) per explosive unit. Consumer fireworks are only one bunt) or multi-break(having two or more bursts). normally classed as Explosives. 1.4G and described as Fire- A.1.4.9 Chain Fusing. Finales and barrages typically are works, UN0336 by the U.S. Department of Transportation. chain fused. Various categories of consumer fireworks devices are enumer- ated in Appendix E. A.1.4.10 Code. The decision to designate a standard as a "code"is based on such factors as the size and scope of the doc- A.1.4.20.2 Display Fireworks. The term display fireworks, as r^nt, its intended use and form of adoption, and whether it used in this code, includes consumer fireworks to be used in .tins substantial enforcement and administrative provisions. fireworks displays; larger devices of similar construction and chemical composition that are classed as Explosives.I.3G and A.1.4.11 Comet. Comets frequently leave a u-ail of sparks as described as Fireworks, UN0335 by the U.S. Department of they rise in the air,and they sometimes burst into smaller frag- Transportation: and other devices that produce visible or menu at their zenith. audible effects for entertainment purposes that are classed as A.1.4.15 Electrical Firing Unit. A firing unit normally has Explosives, 1.3G, 1.4G, or 1.4S and described as Article, Pvro- switches to control the routing of the current to the devices to technic by the U.S. Department of Transportation. be used during the display and also might contain test circuits A.1.4.24 Hazardous Debris. Confetti.light-weight foam pieces, and warning indicators. Units can be manual, automatic, or feathers, novelties, etc.. are not to be construed as hazardous handheld. debris. A.1.4.15.1 Automatic Electrical Firing Unit. The unit is A.1.4.26 Lance. Lances are mounted on a frame and fused so • attached by wires or cables to junctions that are connected to that ignition of all tubes is nearly simultaneous. the electric matches,which,in turn, are attached to fireworks devices.Automatic units often are operated by magnetic tape A.1.4.27 Lift Charge. A time delay fuse then ignites the main or by computes part of the shell, producing the desired effect. A.1.4.15.2 Handheld Electrical Firing Unit. The unit is con- A-1.4.28 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment nested directly to the electric matches by means of wires. may vary for each organization concerned with product evalu- anon: some organizations do not recognize equipment as A.1.4.15.3 Manual Electrical Firing Unit. The unit contains listed unless it is also labeled.The authority havingjurisdiction wires or cables that are attached to junctions that are, in turn. should utilize the system employed by the listing organization connected to the electric matches. to identify a listed product. A.1.4.16 Electrical Ignition. Typically, electric matches are A.1.4.42 Ready Box Tender, Tasks that a ready box tender attached to or inserted into fireworks devices prior to the display might perform include making sure sparks do not enter the and are connected to wires leading hack to an electrical firing ready box and dispensing aerial shells to the loader as needed. unit.During the display,the operator or an assistant controls the • A.2.1.2 If there is doubt regarding whetherhen aerial shells were ignition of the fireworks using the electrical firing unit manufactured to operate safely, or if there is doubt regarding A.1.4.17 Electric Match. When a sufficient electric current is whether the mortars and shells are properly sized, it is recom • - ped through the wire circuit, the heat that is generated mended that test firings be conducted in order to establish i •s the pyrotechnic composition, producing a small burst whether or not they perform safely. It generally is believed that • or.tame.This flame can he used to ignite a flue or a lift charge shells should be constructed so that the difference between the in a fireworks device. For the purposes of this code, the term inside diameter of the mortar and the outside diameter of the electric match also refers to other similar technologies in which shell is no less than 1/,, in. (3.2 mini for all shell sizes. Further= an electric current is used to produce a high temperature or more, it generally is believed that aerial shells should be con- ignition purposes. strutted so that the difference between the inside diameter of 2000 Edition _..___ .. rraMEIMIMIIIRRMMMIWMIMIMIIMIMIIIIIIallIlrAMIMIIMMIIIIII• 1123-16 FIRER'ORI S DISPLAY .. i'^ the mortar and the outside diameter of the shell is no more than t/,tin. (6.4 mm)for 2-in.to Sin. (51-mm to 76 mm)shells; Table A.2.3.7(b) Paper Mortars (Convolute or Spiral); 3/8 in. (9.4 mm)for 44n.to 6-in. (102-mm to 152-mm)shells;or Adequate Mortar Wall Thickness (in) -; I/,in. (12.7 mm) for shells larger than 6 in. (152 mm). Mortar ID ' Cylindrical Cylindrical A.2.1.3 Shells that function to deploy a parachute suspending (in.) Spherical Single Break Two Break 9 0.18 0.25 burning pyrotechnic composition can present additional safety concerns if the parachute does not properly deploy or if 2.5 0.37 the shell is fired in high winds. 0.18 0.25 0.37 3 0.25 0.25 0.37 A.2.2.4.3 An example of additional protection to ready boxes 4 0.25 0.33 0.50 n 0.31 0.42 is the use of a flame-resistant tarpaulin meeting the require- ments of NFPA 701,Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Prop- 60.62 agation of Textiles and Films. 0.37 0.50 0.75 8 0.50 — — 10 A.Y.3.1 The requirements for careful inspection of mortars is 1 O 0.62 — — of particular importance for paper mortars that can sustain 0.75 — — undetected damage to their interiors that can result in serious 16 — malfunctions. — — For SI units: 1 in.=25.4 mm. A.2.3.2 If there is doubt concerning the proper an lin of Note:The cross-grain tensile strength of the paper should be at least g2300 O mortars, it is appropriate to fire one or more test shells for Dam not c0u0rOre ply available. verification. A.2.33 To the extent practical,where mortars are to be reloaded Table A.2.3.7(c) High Density Polyethylene(HOPE) during a display, groups of one size of mortars should not be Mortars:Adequate Mortar Wall Thickness(in) placed adjacent to mortars of only 1 in. difference in diameter. Mortar ID This reduces the likelihood that shells are loaded into oversized (in.) Spherical Cylindrical Two Break r ak mortars.For example,an arrangement of mortar groups such as P Single Break Two Break 5 in., 3 in., 6 in., and 4 in. (127 mm, 76 mm, 152 mm, and 2 0.12 0.1 i 102 mm) is greatly preferred to an 2.5 0.17 r— 5 in.,and 6 i . (7 m , 102 mm, 127 mm,and 152 mm). 4 n., 4 in., 0.12 0.17 0.17 3 0.15 0.17 0.17 A.2.3.5 Malfunctions can present a hazard from dangerous 5 0.20 0.25 0.25 flying debris. It is appropriate that measures such as personal0'25 0.25 0.25 6 0.30 0.32 protective equipment,barriers,or alternate procedures be uti- lized to reduce the exposure to the hazard. 8 0.32 0.32 — — A.2.3.7 These specifications are not intended to be construed 10 0.32 — — as absolute minimums. Experience has demonstrated that 12 0.37 — these recommendations function reliably in use. See Tables >12 — A.2.3.7(a)— (d). — For SI units: 1 in.=25.4 mm. Note:The tensile strength of plastic should be at least 3300 psi(22.750 Table A.2.3.7(a) Steel Mortars:Adequate Mortar Wall kPa). Thickness(in.) —Data not currently available. Mortar( ID Cylindrical Cylindrical Table A.2.3.7(d) Fiberglass Mortars:Adequate Mortar Wall Spherical Single Break Multi-Break Thickness(in.) for Fiberglass Reinforced Epoxy 2 0.03 0.10 0.13 Mortar ID (in.) Spherical Single Break Two Break 2.5 0.03 0.11 0.19 3 0.04 0.11 0.21 9 0.07 0.11• 4 0.05 0.12 0.23 2.5 0.07 0.11 0.11 5 0.060.11 0.13 0.25 3 0.07 0.11 0.11 6 0.07 0.14 0.27 4 0.11 0.11 0.11 8 0.09 0.16 0.31 ° 0.11 0.11 0.11 10 0.11 0.18 0.36 6 0.11 0.11 0.11 8 0.25 - - 12 0.13 0.20 0.40 10 0.25 - - 16 0.17 0.24 0.55 12 0.25 — >16 — — — >12 — — — For SI units: I in.=25.4 mm. For Si units: I in.=25.4 mm. — Note:The tensile strength of steel pipe should be at least 40,000 psi 6 - Note:The tensile strength of fiberglass should be at least 11,000 psi (275,800 kPa). (76,000 kPa). S. —Data not currently available. —Data not currently available. ( 2000 Edition APPENDIX A 1123-17 I If there is reason to doubt that the strength of a mortar is 2 in. (5 cm) nominal thickness should be attached to the hor- izontal adequate, a test can be devised to determine whether its 2 (l boards between each mortar of inside diameter greater strength is sufficient. One possible strength test for mortars than 3 in. (76 mm).Boards should be fastened by nails,screws. is to fire the heaviest aerial shell of a given size to be used or other fasteners that penetrate a minimum of I in. (2.5 cm) with a charge of lift powder that is 1.5 times the normal quan- into the member to which a board is attached. Racks should t uty. This approximately doubles the normal stress on the be secured to prevent tipping over by attaching stakes or mortar. It is not appropriate to conduct this test at the dis- spikes driven into the ground, handing, using A-frames, or play site. In addition, mortars meeting the specifications of Tables A.2.3.7(a), (b),and (c) generally are believed to have ample strength. other equivalent means. Aboveground wood frame mortar racks with lightweight mortar materials such as paper, HDPE, or fiberglass generally will not withstand a catastrophic aerial shell malfunction in a mortar. A.2.3.7.1 HDPE mortars (and possibly other types) can lose significant strength if fired repeatedly over a relatively short A.2.6.1.5 Stakes, sandbags, trenches, boxes.screens,or barn- ' period of time. Accordingly, when mortars will be reloaded ers are among the common means used to secure these chain- during a display, it is appropriate to consider this potential fused aerial fireworks devices. problem. A.2.3.8 Where there is concern that a mortar is too short to A.3.1.3 Where more than one shooter is to ignite the aerial I cause an aerial shell to be propelled to a safe altitude,a test fir shells for an outdoor fireworks display he line of mortars ing should be conducted.However,it generally is believed that should be separated in some manner and only one shooter mortars of the lengths specified in Table A.2.3.9 are sufficient. should be lighting shells in each area. A.2.3.9 The lengths specified in Table A.2.3.9 are not A.3.1.3.3 See NFPA 10P, Life Safety Cod?, for definitions of intended to be construed as absolute minimums; however, health care and detention and correctional facilities. experience has demonstrated that these recommendations function reliably in use. A.3.1.3.4 To determine whether materials are considered to possess these hazards,see NFPA 325, Guide to Fire Hazard Prop- erties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, and NFPA Table A.2.3.9 Minimum Inside Mortar Length(in.) 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data. (Note: although NFPA 49 and Mortar ID Single Double Up to NFPA 325 have been officially withdrawn from the .National (in.) Break Break 4-Break Fire Codes°, the information is still available in NFPA's Fire Pro- tection Guide to Hazardous Materials.) IllI 3 15 18 21 4 20 23 27 A-3.2.3 Figure A.3.2.3 illustrates some of the requirements for • 5 24 28 32 a permitted display site where mortars are placed vertically, 6 28 32 37 such as might be the case for an electrically ignited display. 8 34 40 46 10 40 46 54 FIGURE A.3.2.3 Typical layout for a display site with verti- cally positioned mortars. 12 46 52 62 Minimum distance For SI units: 1 in.=25.4 mm. to boundary / A.2.4.1 The use of securely positioned racks located on barges and trailers can be permitted, providing that all other code I requirements are met. --X-- Vertical mortars and A.2.4.3 Examples of materials for use in providing added sup- center of fallout area port include wood and flat stones, center of circle I A.2.4.4 Where practical, additional separation distances i i between buried mortars should be used. Additional separa- ( don distances for buried mortars provide more room for load- Ground displays ers and shooters to work and reduces the chances of crew (if any) injury. Main spectator area A.2.6.1.2 Aboveground racks should be constructed to with- stand a catastrophic malfunction in a mortar. Wooden racks A.3.2.3.1 Figure .k.3.2.3.I illustrates some of the require- should have sides and bottom plates of at least 2 in. (3 cm) menu for a permitted display site where aerial shells are to he nominal thickness.The racks should he boxed on both sides stored at the discharge site for subsequent loading into mor- at the top and bottom by I in.x 6 in. (2.5 cm x 13 cm) nominal tars(luring the display,such as might he the case for a menu- thickness boards or (/_in. (1.3-cm) thick plywood. Blinks of ;illy ignited display. 2000 Eaton ii 1123-18 FIREWORKS DISPLAY FIGURE A.3.2.3.1 Typical layout for a display site using an- Therefore, the minimum display setup area is 300 gled mortars.The distance,d,shall be at least 1/6 but not more (32.5 m2). than /3 the radius of the circle,indicating the minimum dis- A.4.14 Floating platforms constructed of wood or other cow tance to the secured boundary. bustible material can be used provided that the surface of such Miimmdistance platforms has been protected from fire by means acceptable to boundary the authority haying jurisdiction. These floating platform, l should also be of sufficient construction and configuration to I safely allow the firing of the display. _ d Center of A.4.4.6 Consideration should be given to the conditions drat } X fallout area could affect the separation distances. Greater distances could clt11 • Center of circle be required to allow for the effect of sea conditions,wind,drift I _ of the vessel at anchor,and so forth. Mortars '; £4.5 Communication could be needed between the display operator and the tug operator, spotter, the authority having jurisdiction,life safety and fire safety personnel,and any other necessary personnel. Ground displays A-4.6 Necessary personnel should include,but are not limited (if any) to, display crew and spotters, fire department inspectors,and Si Main spectator area vessel operators. r £3.3.1 The presence of a modest number of trees and shrubs £4.7.1 Fuel ranks are deemed essential material to perform ! should not be considered a safety problem,provided that they fireworks areS the display for self-propelled vessels from which ( being launched and for vessels controlling, marshaling, or are not so numerous as to make it significantly more difficult to locate unexploded aerial shells or to pose a serious fire adjoining a non-self-propelled vessel or platform from which safety threat fireworks are being discharged. £4.2.1 The types of fireworks and placement of the fireworks A-5.1.1 The authority having jurisdiction should be consulted well enough in advance so that the required fire protection mortars and accompanying equipment should he such that, when fired,the stability of site structures and seaworthiness of the can be arranged. Fire protection could include portable fire floating vessels and floating platforms should not be jeopardized. extinguishers for the discharge area and standby fire appara- tus for protection down range. A.4.3.1 An example using the following formula for deter- A.5.1.2 Monitors should wear some distinctive identification mining the minimum display setup is provided: (e.g.,badges,brightly colored vests). ((total of33-in.)l+ l+(total 5-in.l £5.1.3.1 In most situations,it is believed that it is appropriate [(total as (total mortarsno.of 44-in.) morno.ofas x 5 J to have one ready box tender tending each ready box or shell i //I minimum l storage area in use at a given time.Similarly,it is believed that +...]+2 = \ there should be two loaders reloading shells into mortars for \display se[-upJ each person igniting the aerial shells. Unless racks of chain- fused shells are being fired,i[generally is believed that a single EXAMPLE: A display containing one hundred Sin. shells, fifty 4-in.shells,twenty 5-in.shells, ten fain.shells,and five 8-in. shooter can safely ignite no more than approximately 10 shells shells would require the following minimum display setup area: per minute.If a greater rate of firing is desired,more than one shooter should be lighting them. [Ml x D11+[;LIZ x D2]+[M3 x 133]+...[Mn X D„] A.5.1.3.3 The appropriate personal protective equipment for 2 each person is determined by conducting a hazard assessment of that person's duties at the fireworks display,as required by (100 x 3 + 50 x 4 + x the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. ( ) (_0 5)+(10x6)+(5x8) 2 - £5.2.1 It should be noted that shell fuses can be damaged by rough handling.Therefore,appropriate care should he taken 300+200+ 100+60+40 when handling shells and fuses. — 2 A.5.2.3 It generally is believed that it is not safe to be loading t mortars within 10 ft (3 m) of mortars that are being fired. 700 Where loading a shell into a recently fired mortar, the loader ` 2 = 350 ft2 should crouch alongside the mortar and his or her back 1 should be kept facing the area where shells are being fired. where: A.5.2.4 A gentle tug on the fuse usually can determine M„=mortars of each size,from 1 to n sizes whether a shell has been properly seated in the bottom of the Dn.size(inside diameter)in inches of each different size mortar. Mt =number of one size A.5.2.6 Fusees and portfires can be mounted on a holder of M2=number of another size some sort, so that the shooter is an additional distance away. 2000 Edition 3.. APPENDIX B 1123-19 ^ d broom handles and other lightweight materials make a 4.6.2.4 A switch used to power the electrical firing unit for serviceable holder. testing should he a different style from that used to ignite elec- trical matches and also should be provided with lights to indi- , .x.5.2.9.2 Exception. Alternative means of protection should cate the status of the unit. include a sturdy barricade,the placement of sandbags or similar protection on the shooter side of the mortar, or other alterna- A.6.3.2 The electrical firing unit should be placed on a flat [ice protection acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. surface or table,and it should be provided with some form of shield or other means of protection where located near the fir- 4.5.2.10 The operator and assistants should use extreme cau- ing site. lion whenever approaching or handling a malfunctioned live aerial shell. Before approaching or handling the shell, as A.6.4.3 A significant malfunction normally means that a fire- much time as practical following the malfunction should be works device has violently exploded in a mortar and there is a allowed to pass. This minimizes the possibility that the shell possibility that mortars have been dislodged from their will contain a live spark that could cause the shell to explode intended placement in racks or in the ground.A flowerpot or unexpectedly.Operators or assistants never should attempt to low burst normally does not require stopping the display to dry or repair a damaged shell. In all such cases, the supplier check the mortar area. should be contacted for disposal instructions. A.6.5.2 A delay of 15 minutes or more is recommended • 4.5.2.10.3 Where firing aerial shells electrically or as a finale before approaching areas that may contain hangfires. Chain- or barrage, it often is difficult to detect when unfired shells fused and multishot devices are prone to this behavior. remain in the mortars. Therefore, it is advisable to use some A.6.5.2.1 Because much of the ability to control the audience method to aid in identifying when shells have not fired prop- is lost once the display is concluded,it normally is not recom- erly.One such method is to place a strip of paper tape over the mended to fire leftover aerial shells.However,trader favorable mouth of each mortar; the presence of unbroken tape is then circumstances,it is possible and can be desirable to ignite any a certain indication that the shell has not fired. However, it unfired set pieces, fountains, roman candles. or other low- should be noted that broken tape is NOT a certain indication level devices. that the shell HAS fired. It always should be assumed that the mortar is loaded. A,7.3.1 In some jurisdictions only municipalities or civic orga- nizations are issued display permits, while in others only A.5.2.11 Remaining within 25 ft (7.7 m) of chain-fused aerial licensed operators or suppliers are issued display permits. shells after their ignition, for the purpose of manual reigni- is unreasonably dangerous. Similarly, the act of manual reig-nition of chain-fused aerial shells is dangerous unless reig- Appendix B Labeling of Display Fireworks nition is attempted at properly installed ignition points. The Aerial Shells necessity for such actions can be avoided through the use of redundant fusing or multiple ignition points. This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this.VFPA dor- 4.5.2.12 The operator and assistants should use extreme cau- ument but is included for informational purposes only. tion whenever approaching a malfunctioned live aerial shell. B•I General. Appendix B provides additional explanatory Before approaching or handling the shell, as much time as information on the requirements in= 1.3. practical following the malfunction should be allowed to pass. This minimizes the possibility that the shell still contains a live B.2 Labeling of Display Fireworks Aerial Shells. • spark that could cause the shell to explode unexpectedly. Operators or assistants never should attempt to dry or reuse a B.2.1 As a minimum, each shell should bear a label contain- shell that has malfunctioned. In all such cases, the supplier ing the following information: should be contacted for disposal instructions. (11 A description of the size of the shell [e.g.."3-in. (76-mm) • A.6.1 In an electrically fired display,all aerial shells to be used shelf in the display normally are loaded prior to the tiring of the (2) A description of the type of shell (e.g, "2-break with first shell.A mortar therefore is required for each shell.Other report") fireworks devices such as set pieces, roman candle batteries. (3) A warning statement reading: and fountains that are to be fired during the display are also WARtVING:DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE set up for firing prior to the display and ignited electrically. It therefore is normally not necessary for any personnel to be in If found,do not handle— the immediate area during the firing of the display. Contact local fire or police department 4.6.1.1 Electrical ignition often is used for larger displays,for (4) The name and location of business of the manufacturer. displays fired on frequent occasions at a fixed location,and for importer. or distributor other displays where precise control over the timing of the fireworks is desired for aesthetic reasons. B.2.2 Conspicuousness. .16.2.2 Switches should have labels under or above each (1) The statement "Warning: Dange,ous Explosive" should be printed in capital letters having a printed image of at least :ch.The labels should use either letters or numbers. t/,in. (3.2 mm) and should he underlined. A.6.2.3 For example, this might he accomplished with two (2) The remaining printed matter does not need to he switches in series, both of which need to he operated for cur- printed in capital letters hut should have a primed image rent to flow to the electric match. - at least I/s in. (3.2 nim) high. 2000 Edition r . 1123-20 FIREWORKS DISPLAY 4 :s. (3) The required statements should be printed in a color Appendix D Suggested Requirements contrasting sharply with the background and should be for Operator Licensing printed within a borderline. '4• (4) The label should be at least 9 in.2 (57.8 cm2),unless the This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NER-I doe-size of the shell is too small to accommodate this size. in ument but is included for informational purposes only. which case the size can be reduced to a size no smaller than necessary. D.1 Operator Licensing Requirements. D.1.1 A requirement of licensing is that the applicant has attained the age of 21 years. Appendix C Recommended Regulations for Applications for Permits D.1.2 A requirement of licensing is that the applicant has for the Outdoor Display of Fireworks passed a comprehensive written examination covering state laws pertaining to the display of fireworks and this code.At the option of the issuing office, an alternate requirement can be This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA doc- substituted,such as acceptance of competency certification by ument but is included for informational purposes only. a national organization or of licensing by another state. C.I Permit Application. The following are recommended D.1.3 A requirement of licensing is that the applicant has pro- elements to be included in the permit application for outdoor vided evidence of actively participating in the performance of l display of fireworks. at least 5 outdoor fireworks displays.At the option of the issu- ing office,an alternate requirement can be substituted. (1) Application for permit to operate a display of outdoor q fireworks in conformance with the terms of of D.2 Provisions of Operator Licensing. eral on the forms Geprovided by the authority having jurisdictioa writing D,2.1 The license shall be valid fora period of 4 years. (2) Such application should provide the following informa- D.2.2 Renewal of the license shall be automatic upon provi- Lion: sion of proof of actively participating in at least 3 outdoor fire-. 1 works displays during the prior 4 years. i a. The name,address,and phone number of the individ- 1 ual, group, or organization sponsoring the outdoor i fireworks display Appendix E Extract from American Pyrotechnics b. The name, address, and phone number of the sup- Association Standard 87-1,Standard for Construction and plier of the fireworks to the operator,if different from Approval for Transportation of Fireworks that of the operator c. Evidence of financial responsibility by the sponsor of This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFP.4 doe- 1 the event or festival and by the operator of the fire- ument but is included for informational purposes only. works display. This could take the form of an insur- ance certificate or other document attesting to E.1 Introduction. coverage or responsibility NOTE: Paragraphs of this appendix that apply to the approval d. The date and time of day at which the outdoor fire- works display is to be held,with a proposed rain/wind by the U.S.Department of Transportation (DOT)for transpor- date and time in the event the dis lay is postponed cation of fireworks are indicated by a dagger (}) following the P paragraph number. e. The exact location planned for the outdoor fireworks display E,l,lt This appendix provides manufacturers,importers,and f. Confirmation of the license of the operator and the distributors of fireworks and novelties information to assist i them in manufacturing, testing, shipping, and labeling the number of assistants who are to be present products of the fireworks industry in accordance with applica- g. The approximate number and kinds of fireworks to be ble federal laws and current good manufacturing practices. discharged h. The manner and place of storage of such fireworks E.1.2 The information in this appendix should enable manu- facturers, importers, and distributors of fireworks and novel- prior to delivery to the outdoor fireworks display site ties to provide their customers with products that can be i. A diagram of the grounds on which the outdoor fire- transported and used safely and without unreasonable risk. works display is to be held showing the point at which E.1.3t Fireworks and novelties are not acceptable for trans- the fireworks are to be discharged, the location of all portation within the jurisdiction of the United States unless buildings, highways and other lines of communica- tion, the lines behind which the audience is to be they are classed, packaged, labeled, and marked and are in proper condition for shipment in accordance with the DOT restrained, and the location of other possible over- head obstructions regulations in Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations. See Section (3) Upon receipt of such application days in E5 of this appendix for further discussion. ' advance of the date set for this outdoor fireworks display, E.1.4 Consumer fireworks (fireworks classed as I.4G and the authority having jurisdiction should make or initiate 1.4S) (formerly"Common Fireworks") and novelties are not an investigation of the site of the proposed display for the acceptable for sale to the public unless they are manufactured, purpose of determining compliance with these regula- labeled, and sold in conformance with the regulations of the `'' dons in the case of the particular display. L'.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) published `s' l 2000 Edition w Pi II APPENDIX E 1123-21 "'- Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations. See Section E.3 of this Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in Tide 16. Code of Federal ,pendix for further discussion. Regulations, in addition to any limits and other requirements of this document. See Section E.3 of this appendix for details. NOTE: Consumer fireworks are normally classed as 1.46 but can be classed by the DOT as I.4S on the basis of specific test E.2.6.2t Display Fireworks(Formerly"Special Fireworks"). Fire- results. works devices primarily intended for commercial displays that are designed to produce visible or audible effects,or both,by E.1.5 United States laws and regulations prescribe manda- combustion, deflagration, or detonation. including, but not tun'requirements that a person must follow in order to mar- limited to,salutes containing more than 130 mg (2 grains) of ket certain products. In these instances, failure to comply explosive composition:aerial shells containing more than 40 can be regarded by courts as negligence per se in product lb- (1.4 oz) of chemical composition exclusive of lift charge;and bility litigation. other exhibition display items that exceed the limits contained E.1.6t This appendix applies to fireworks devices and novel- in this document for "Consumer Fireworks." Certain devices ties for entertainment purposes. intended for signaling.illuminating,and incendiary purposes E.2 DeEmitions. and formerly classed as"Special Fireworks"no longer fall into this fireworks category. See Section E.4 of this appendix for E.2.1t Approval. For purposes of this appendix, the assign- details. [vent of proper hazard class,EX number,and proper shipping name by the DOT so that fireworks and novelties can be trans- ported E,2.6.3t Theatrical Pyrotechnics, Pyrotechnic devices for under conditions specified in Title 49, Code of Federal professional use in the entertainment industry similar to"Con- sumerRegulations.See Section E.5 of this appendix for details. Fireworks" in chemical composition and construction but not intended for consumer use.Such articles meeting the E.2.2t Black Match. A fuse made from thread impregnated weight limits for consumer fireworks but not labeled as such with black powder and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices. and containing only chemicals shown in Table E.4.3.1 can be Black Match is classed as "1.3G" and described as "Fuse, approved under the provisions of this document and classified Instantaneous, non-detonating UN0101," or "Quickmatch as"Article,Pyrotechnic. 1.4G, UN0431." L'N0101." E.2.3t Blowout. The unintended release of a pressure effect `TOTE: Theatrical pvrotechishs devices can be classed as "Article. Pyrotechnic. 1.4S, UN0432-by the DOT on the basis from other than the intended orifice of a fireworks device of specific ixst results. Examples include expulsion of the bottom plug of a roman --^ndle, expulsion of the clay choke of a fountain,or the nip- E.2.7t Labeling. A display of written, printed. or graphic ring of the wall of a mine or shell. matter upon a fireworks device(s) or upon the immediate con- vainer of any such device(s), or both. Included are diamond- E.2.4t Burnout. The unintended escape of flame through the wall of a pyrotechnic chamber during functioning of a fire- shaped labels required by the DOT to he displayed on outside works device. packaging for transportation purposes.The term also includes any identification, cautions, and other information required E.2.5t Chemical Composition. All pyrotechnic and explosive by this document or by any federal government agency. composition contained in a fireworks device. Inert materials such as clay used for plugs or organic matter such as rice hulls E.2.8t Marking. The application of the proper shipping used for density control are not considered to he chemical name,identification number(UN number).instructions,can- composition. dons,weight or specification mark or combination thereof to a package of hazardous material. Marking also includes any E.2.5.1t Explosive Composition. Any chemical compound required specification mark on the inside or outside of a ship- or mixture, the primary purpose of which is to function by ping container. explosion,producing an audible effect in a fireworks device. E.2.9t Novelty. A device containing small amounts of gyro- E.2.5.2t Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that technic or explosive composition. or both, but not described on burning and without explosion produces visible or brilliant as consumer fireworks.Such devices produce limited visible or displays or bright lights,or whistles or motion. audible effects. These items are classed as "1.4G," unless E.2.6t Fireworks. Any device,other than a novelty,intended classed as"1.4S"or deregulated as a hazardous material by the to produce visible or audible effects, or both. by combustion. DOT on the basis of specific test results. deflagration, or detonation. Fireworks are further described as "Fireworks UN0336" or "Fireworks UN0337" (formerly E.2.L0t Placard. Awarning symbol of a square-on-point con- "Common Fireworks"and now referred to in this document as figuration mounted on each side and each end of a tntck,rail emer- "Consumer Fireworks"),"Forbidden Fireworks."or"Fireworks genev personnel car, or freight container that informs the public and UN0335" (formerly"Special Fireworks"and now referred to in Rommel of the hazardous nature of the cargo,as spec- this document as"Display Fireworks"). ivied in Tide 49. Code&dera(Reg!antiorrs, Part 172. E.2.11t Quick Match (Instantaneous Fuse). Black match NOTE: Propelling and expelling charges consisting of a mix- that is encased in a loose-fitting paper sheath to make it burn ture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter arc not considered as designed to produce audible effects. extremely rapidly.Quick match is ased for aerial shells and for ^ simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic devices, '.6.It Consumer Fireworks (formerly `Common Fire- such as lances in a ground display piece. Quick match is works"). Any fireworks device for use by the public that com- classed as"1.36"and described as"Fuse, instantaneous, non- plies with the construction, performance, composition, and detonating" or "Quickmatch," and assigned identification labeling requirements promulgated by the U.S. Consumer number"['N0101." 2000 Edition i • 1123-22 FIREWORKS DISPLW E.2.12t Safety Fuse. A fuse consisting of a thread-wrapped ignition.The paper at one end of the tube is ignited to make black powder train that has been coated with a water-resistant the device function. : .. material. Such fuse is typically 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) in outside diameter and frequently green in color. Safety Fuse is E.3.1.1.71 Toy Smoke Device. Small plastic or paper item '` described as"Fuse,Safety UN0105"and classed as"1.4S." containing not more than 100 E.3 R , g (3 oz) pyrotechnic compo- yj(� Requirements for Consumer Fireworks Novelties,and sition that,upon ignition,produces white or colored smoke as Theatrical Pyrotechnics. the primary effect. (These devices,where complying with the provisions of this appendix, are classed as "1.4G" unless I. classed as"1.4S"or not regulated as an explosive by the DOT NOTE 1: Devices in this category,formerly classed as Class C Explosive, Common Fireworks, are now classed as Fireworks on the basis of specific test results.) 1.4G under the UN System,and referred to in this document as"Consumer Fireworks." E.3.1.2 Aerial Devices. NOTE 2: Devices intended for nonconsumer use in the E.3.1.2.11 Sky Rockets and Bottle Rockets. Cylindrical tube v., entertainment industry that meet the chemical composition containing not more than 20 g (0.7 oz) of chemical compos requirements of this appendix can be classed as "1.4G" and don with a wooden stick attached for guidance and stability. Rockets rise into the air upon ignition. A bunt as "Article. Pyrotechnic UN0431" under the provi- of color or r. sions of this document but are not required to comply with the sound, or both, can be produced at or near the height of fuse,construction,and labeling requirements of this appendix. flight. I' E.3.1t Types of Consumer Fireworks. The following fire- E.3.1.2.2.1 Missile-type Rocket. A device similar to a sky works devices are subject to the requirements of Section E.3 of rocket in size, composition, and effect that uses fins rather this appendix. than a stick for guidance and stability. Missiles shall not con- t ' L3.1.1 Ground and Handheld Sparkling and Smoke Devices. taro more than 20 g(0.7 oz) of total chemical composition. E.3.1.1.1 Cylindrical Fountain- Cylindrical tube containing more than 20 g (0.7 oz) of chemical composition,with a pro- g (2.6 oz) of pyrotechnic composition. peller or blade attached. Upon ignition, the rapidly spinning Upon ignition, a shower of colored sparks, and sometimes a device rises into the air.A visible or audible effect can be pro- whistling effect or smoke,is produced.This device can be pro- duced at or near the height of flight. vided with a spike for insertion into the ground (spike foun- tain),a wood or plastic base for placing on the ground (base E-3.1.2.41 Roman Candle. Heavy paper or cardboard tube fountain), or a wood or cardboard handle to be handheld containing not more than 20 g (0.7 oz) of chemical composi- (handle fountain).Where more than one tube is mounted on don. Upon ignition, "stars" (pellets of pressed pyrotechnic a common base,total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed composition that burn with bright color) are individually 200 g(7.1 oz). expelled. E.3.1.1.2t Cone Fountain. Cardboard or heavy paper cone E.3.1,2.51 Mine,Shell. Heavy cardboard or paper tube usu- containing not more than 50 g(1.8 oz) of pyrotechnic compo- ally attached to a wooden or plastic base and containing not sition.The effect is the same as that of a cylindrical fountain. more than 40 g (1.4 oz) of chemical composition plus not Where more than one cone is mounted on a common base, more than 20 g (0.7 oz) of"lift"charge [the part that actually total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed 200 g (7.1 oz). lifts the aerial effect(s) into the air] per tube. Upon ignition, E-3.1.1.311lluminating Torch. Cylindrical tube containing "stars" (see E.3.L?,4), components producing reports contain- not more than 100 g(3.5 oz) of pyrotechnic composition that 1ep uP t 130 mg (2 grains) of explosive composition per produces a colored flame upon ignition. Can be spike, base, report (se not e E.3.1.3.1), or other devices are propelled into the or handheld ere more than one tube is mounted on a air. A mine can contain more than one tube, provided the Where common base, total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed tubes fire in sequence upon ignition of one external fuse. 200 g(7.1 oz). Total chemical composition,including lift charges of any mul- E.3.1.1.4t Wheel. Pyrotechnic device intended to be attached ❑Pie tube device,cannot exceed 200 g (7.1 oz). to a post or tree by means of a nail or string.It can have one or E.3.1.3 Audible Ground Devices. more driven, each of which can contain not more than 60 g E.3.1.3.11 Firecracker. Small, paper-wrapped or cardboard (2.1 oz) of pyrotechnic composition. No wheel can contain more than 200 g(7.1 oz) total pyrotechnic composition. Upon tube containing not more than 50 mg(0.8 grain) of explosive composition,except that those used in aerial devices can con- ignition, the wheel revolves, producing a shower of color and fain up to 130 mg (2 grains) of explosive composition per sparks and,sometimes,a whistling effect. E.3.1.1.51 Ground Spinner. Small device containing not report.Upon ignition,noise and a flash of light are produced. more than 20 g (0.7 oz) of pyrotechnic composition,venting NOTE: Firecrackers are not subject to the requirements of out an orifice usually on the side of the tube. Similar in oper- fuse in E.3.5.1 and chemicals in E.3.6.1 of this appendix. ation to a wheel but intended to be placed flat on the ground and ignited.A shower of sparks and color is produced by the E.3.1.3.2t Chaser. Paper or cardboard tube venting out the rapidly spinning device. fuse end of the tube containing not more than 20 g(0.7 oz) of chem cal compositio . The device E.3.1.1.6t Flitter Sparkler. Narrow paper tube attached to a upon ignition. A whistling effect ortother noises algisthe ground often pro- stick or wire and filled with not more than 5 g(0.2 oz) of pyro- duced. Explosive composition can be included to produce a technic composition that produces color and sparks upon report but cannot exceed 50 mg (0.8 grain). 2000 Edition r: rr APPENDIX E 1123-23 E.3.2t Types of Novelties. The following devices are classed E.3.3t Other Devices. Any device producing unique pvro- as "Fireworks 1.4G" and described as "Fireworks UN0336" technic or explosive effects or combinations of effects not enu- unless they are classed as"1.4S"or not regulated as hazardous merated in Section E.3 of this appendix. materials based on specific test results.These devices that are not regulated are not considered to be consumer fireworks. E.3.4t Combination Items. Fireworks devices intended to produce more than one of the effects described in Section E.3 E.3.2.1t Party Popper. Small plastic or paper item contain- of this appendix, and that contain not more than 200 g ing not more than 16 mg (0.25 grain) of explosive composi- (7.1 oz) of total chemical composition. don that is friction sensitive. A string protruding from the E.3.5 Specific Requirements. device is usually pulled to ignite it.This item expels nonflam- mable paper streamers or other nonflammable novelties. or E.3.5.1 Fuse. both,and produces a small report. E.3.5.1.1 Only safety fuse or other fuse that has been pro- E.3.2.2t Snapper. Small,paper-wrapped item containing not tected to resist side ignition can be used in devices subject to more than 1 mg (0.02 grain) of explosive composition coated the requirements of this appendix. on small bits of sand,and packaged with sawdust in individual containers of not more than 50 units. When dropped, the NOTE: See APA 87-1.Appendix B.for method of measuring device explodes, producing a small report. resistance to side ignition. Detices. such as ground spinners, that require a restricted orifice for proper functioning and that E.3.2.3t Snake,Glow Worm. Pressed pellet of not more than contain less than 6 g (0.2 oz) of pyrotechnic composition are 2 g (0.07 oz) of pyrotechnic composition and packaged in not subject to the requirements of E.95.1.1. retail packages of not more than 25 units that produces as the E.3.5.1.2 The fuse needs to be of sufficient length to burn at primary effect a snakelike ash upon burning.The ash expands least 3 seconds but not more than 6 seconds before ignition of in length as the pellet burns. (These devices are not regulated the device, except that the fuse for roman candles or similar for transportation purposes.) devices requiring a longer fuse for safe functioning can burn up to 12 seconds before ignition of the device. E.3.2.4t Sparkler. Wire or stick coated with pyrotechnic composition that cannot exceed 100 g (3.5 oz) per item, that E.3.5.1.3 The fuse needs to be securely attached,so that it will produces a shower of sparks upon ignition. These items can- support either the weight of the device plus 8 oz (227 g) of —not contain magnesium,except that magnalium (magnesium- dead weight or double the weight of the device, whichever is iluminum alloy) is permitted. Items containing any chlorate less,without separation from the fireworks device. or perchlorate salts cannot exceed 5 g(0.2 oz) of composition per item. (These items are not regulated as explosives for E.3.5.2 Construction. transportation purposes. However,some meet the criteria for flammable solids.) E.3.5.2.1 Bases. Each fireworks device that requires a base needs to utilize a base of wood or plastic (preferably nonbrit- E.3.2.5 Toy Caps. Toy plastic or paper caps for toypistols in tle, medium-impact polystyrene). The minimum horizontal t P p p p dimension or the diameter of the base needs to be equal to at sheets, strips, rolls, or individual caps, containing not more least one-third the height of the device (excluding any pro- than an average of 0.25 grain (16 mg) of explosive composi- trading fuse), unless the device remains upright when sub- don per cap. Toy caps are described as "Fireworks UN0336" jected to a tilt of 12 degrees from the horizontal. Bases are to and classed as"1.4G."Toy caps are to be packed in inside pack- remain firmly attached to the item during transportation,han- ages constructed of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. tiling,and normal operation. (0.33 mm) in thickness,metal not less than 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) in thickness, noncombustible plastic not less than 0.015 in. NOTE: See AP.\S7-1.Appendix B.for method of measuring. (0.38 mm) in thickness,or a composite blister package consist- ing of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. (0.33 mm) in thick- E.3.5.2.2 Sticks. The stick on a rocket (including skyrockets ness, and noncombustible plastic not less than 0.005 in. and bottle rockets) and on other fireworks devices that utilize (0.13 mm) in thickness, which are to provide a complete a stick are to he firmly attached to the body of the device by enclosure. The minimum dimensions of each side or end of means of glue,staples,or wire.and are to he secure enough to such package are to he not less than i/s in. (3.2 mm) in height. remain firmly attached during transportation. handling, and The number of caps in these inside packages are to be limited normal operation.Sticks arc to be rigid and of such length so so that no more than 10 grains (650 mg) of explosive compo- as to ensure stable flight. The maximum curvature of such sition are to he packed into 1 in." (16.4 cm") of space. In addi- stick(s) cannot exceed 1 in. (25 mml. tion, no more than 17.5 grains (1138 mg) of the explosive composition of toy caps are to he packed in any inside con- NOTE: Sec ,AP.A Y7-I, Appe rdu B, for method of testing miner. These inner containers are to he packed in outside rigidity. containers meeting the requirements specified in E.5.3.I of this appendix. E.3.5.2.3 Handles. Each trmsorks device that is intended to he handheld and is so marked is to incorporate a handle at .-E.3.2.6t Other Novelties. Devices intended to produce least 4 in. (101 mm) in length. Handles are to remain firmly iique visual or audible effects and containing 50 mg attached during transportation. handling, and normal opera- t0.8 grain) or less of explosive composition and limited tion of the device,or are to consist of an integral section of the amounts of other pyrotechnic composition.Examples include device extending at least 4 in. F 101 turn) below the pvrotech- cigarette loads, trick matches, explosive auto alarms, and nic chamber, except that sparklers 10 in. (253 mm) or less in other trick noise makers. length shall have bundles at least 3 in. (76 mm) in length. 2000 Edition 1123-24 FIREWORKS DISPLAY E.3.5.2.4 Spikes. Spikes that constitute an integral part of a fireworks device are to protrude at least 2 in. (51 mm) from Table E.3.6.1 Prohibited Chemicals for Consumer Fireworks the base of the device and are to have a blunt tip not less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) in diameter or t/9 in. (3.2 mm) square. (a) Arsenic sulfide,arsenates,or arsenates F. E.3.5.2.5t Pyrotechnic Chamber. The pyrotechnic chamber (b) Boron in a fireworks device that functions other than by exploding (c) Chlorates,except needs to be of sufficient thickness and rigidity to allow normal functioning of the device without burnout or blowout. The 1. In colored smoke mixtures in which an equal or chamber also needs to be constructed and sealed to prevent greater weight of sodium bicarbonate is included leakage of the pyrotechnic composition during transporta- tion,handling,and normal operation. 2. In party poppers 3. In those small items(such as ground spinners) E.3.5.2.6 Wings. Wings on helicopter-type rockets and simi- lar devices need to be securely attached to the body by means wherein the wtohich powder content than d 15 notpercent exceed r 4 g of gluing,wiring,or other appropriate means so that they will 6(0.14 oz),of which not greater 15 or remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, chlorate h mg (9.3 grains) is potassium,sodium,or barium normal operation. g' 4. In firecrackers G E.3.5.2.7 Wheel Devices. Each wheel device needs to be con- structed so that the driver(s), motor(s), and axle(s), where 5. In toy caps t needed (i.e., on wheel devices intended to operate in a fixed location),remain securely attached to the device during trans- (d) Gallates or gallic acid poeration,handling,and normal operation. (e) Magnesium(magnesium/aluminum alloys,called magnalium,are permitted) E.3.5.2.8 Aerial Devices. Each device intended to produce a visible or audible effect high in the air needs to be designed to (f) Mercury salts produce the effect at or near the highest point of its flight. (g) Phosphorus (red or white),except that red phospho- E-3.5.2.9 Smoke Devices. Each smoke device needs to be rus is permissible in caps and parry poppers constructed so that it will neither burst nor produce excessive (h) Picrates or picric acid flame (excluding fuse and small but brief bursts of flame accompanying normal smoke production). Smoke devices (i) Thiocyanates cannot contain plastic in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition, nor can smoke devices resemble, in color and (j) Titanium,except in particle size greater than 100. configuration,banned fireworks devices,such as MS0 salutes, mesh cherry bombs,or silver salutes. (k) Zirconium E.3.6 Prohibited Chemicals and Components. E.3.6.1t Prohibited Chemicals. Consumer fireworks devices E.3.7t Approval. All consumer fireworks ("Fireworks offered or intended for sale to the public cannot contain a UN0336"), novelties, and theatrical pyrotechnics offered for chemical enumerated in Table E.3.6.1, except for trace transportation in the United States need to be classified and amounts as impurities,and except as specified therein. approved for transportation purposes by the DOT, in accor- dance with the following procedure. NOTE: Display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics(E.2.6.3) are not subject to the provisions of this appendix. hem c 1t Fireworks and novelties containing only mixtures of chemicals specified in Table E.4.3.1 but none of the chemicals E.3.6.2t Prohibited Components. No component of any con- prohibited by E.3.6. For each item for which approval is sumer fireworks device or novelty can,upon functioning,project sought,manufacturers need to submit a copy of the Approval or disperse any metal,glass,or brittle plastic fragments. Application (see APA 87, Appendix D) to the DOT. The DOT explosive device can issue an approval for the device as "1.4G" based on the E.3.6.3t Forbidden Explosive Devices. Any intended for sale to the public that produces an audible effect information g contained rksab in the form or, by its e, can require fireworks laboratory examination the Bureau of (other than a whistle) by a charge of more than 130 mg Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other fireworks laboratory(2 grains) of explosive composition per report. Devices acceptable to the DOT. ' obtained for bona fide pest control purposes in accordance with regulations promulgated by CPSC in Title 16, Code of Fed- echn t 2t Consumer fireworks devices and theatrical gyro- eral Regulations,are not forbidden. technics containing any chemical not specified in Table E.4.3.1, but o of the chemicals prohibited For transportation purposes, the term forbidden explosive each item for which approval is sought, the manufacturer — devices also includes mixtures or devices containing a chlorate needs to submit a sample of each device to the Bureau of and an ammonium salt or an acidic metal salt, devices that Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other fireworks laboratory contain yellow or white phosphorus, devices that combine an acceptable to the DOT (such as a recognized competent explosive and a detonator or blasting cap,and any device that authority for fireworks manufactured abroad) for examina- has not been approved by the DOT. non and thermal stability testing.The manufacturer needs to „' 2000 Edition 401 rillib - APPENDIX E 1123-25 ^ then submit a fireworks Approval Application (see AP.i 8i-1, E.4.1.3.2 Certain devices intended for signaling,illuminating, Appendix D)together with the appropriate fireworks laboratory and incendiary purposes such as railway torpedoes, airplane i reports to the DOT.The DOT can then issue approval based flares, illuminating projectiles, incendiary and smoke projec- t on the information contained in the application and accom- tiles, and flash cartridges, formerly classed as 'Special Fire- paining fireworks laboratory reports. works."no longer frill into the"Fireworks'category tinder the DOT regulations effective on October 1. 1991, and are not F.3.7.3-1 Theatrical pyrotechnics containing only mixtures part of this appendix. t of chemicals specified in Table E.4.3.1. For each item for which approval is sought. manufacturers need to submit a E.4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells. i copy of the Approval Application (see APA 87-1,Appendix D)to 1 E.4.2.1 Each shell is to be identified only in terms of the [he DOT. The DOT can issue an approval for the device as inside diameter (and not the circumference) of the mortar in • -I.4G"based on the information contained in the form or, at which it can be safely used. [e.g..3-in. (i6-mm) shells are only its option, can require fireworks laboratory examination by for use in 3-in. (76-mm) mortars]. the Bureau of Explosives,Bureau of Mines,or other fireworks laboratory acceptable to the DOT. E.4.2.2 Each shell needs to be constructed so that the differ- s ence between the inside diameter of the mortar in which it can E.3.7.4t If classification other than as "1.4G" is sought, the be safely used and the outside diameter of the shell is no less ` DOT approval procedure in Title 49, Code of Federal Regula- than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and no more than 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) for Lions, 173.56(6)(1) needs to be followed.This includes obtain- shells not exceeding 3 in. (76 mm) or 1/_ in. (12.7 mm) for i ing a fireworks laboratory report from the Bureau of shells larger than 3 in. (76 mm). Explosives, or other fireworks laboratory acceptable to the DOT. E.4.2.3 Each shell needs to be marked with the type of shell, the diameter measurement, and the name of the manufac- E.3.8t Marking and Labeling. Fireworks intended for con- turer or distributor. sinner sale and use need to be labeled in conformance with the requirements of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act E.4.2.4 The length of the internal delay fuse and the amount of and regulations promulgated thereunder in Title 16, Code of lift charge needs to be sized to ensure proper functioning of the Federal Regulations,Part 1500.All outside packaging containing shell in its mortar. Quick [Hatch fuse, if required. needs to be fireworks must be marked and labeled in conformance with long enough to allow not less than 6 in. (152 min) of fuse to pro- Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172. See APA 87-1. mide from the mortar after the shell is properly inserted. Appendix C, and Section E.5 of this appendix for details and E.4.2.5 The length of exposed black match on a shell cannot "''xamples. be less than 3 in. (76 mm) and the fuse is not to be folded or E.4 Requirements for Display Fireworks Devices. doubled back under the safer cap. Also. the time delay between ignition of the tip of the exposed black match and ignition of the lift charge cannot be less than 3 seconds to NOTE: Devices in this category, formerly classed as Class B allow the operator to retreat safely. Explosives,Special Fireworks,are now classed as-1.3G"under the UN system and referred to in this appendix as"Display Fire- E.4.2.6 A safety cap needs to be installed over the exposed works. end of the fuse.The safety cap needs to be of a different color E.4.11- Types of Display Fireworks Devices. The following than that used for the paper of the fuse. fireworks devices are subject to the requirements of Section E.4.3t Approval. Prior to being offered for transportation in E.4 of this appendix. the United States, all display fireworks (Fireworks 1.3G) need to be classified and approved by the DOT in accordance with E.4.1.1 Aerial Shell. A cylindrical or spherical cartridge con- the following procedures. taming chemical composition exceeding 40 g (1.4 oz) in weight or explosive composition exceeding 130 mg(2 grains) E.4.3.1t Devices containing only mixtures of chemicals speci- per report. and a black powder propelling charge (lift fled in Table E.4.3.1. The manufacturer needs to submit a charge). Shells are most commonly 3 in. to 6 in. (76 nun to copy of the Approval Application-see APA 8i-1..Appendix Dl to 152 mm) in diameter and are fired from metal or heavy card- the DOT for any item that has not previously been approved board tubes. Upon firing, the lift charge is consumed and the by the DOT. The DOT can issue an approval for the device cartridge is expelled into the air. A pyrotechnic effect is pro- based on the information contained in the form or. at its duced near the highest point of flight. option. can require fireworks laboratory examination by the Bureau of Explosives.Bureau of Vfines,or other fireworks lab E.4.1.2t Salute. Paper-wrapped or cardboard tube contain- oratory acceptable to the DOT, ing explosive composition in excess of 130 mg (2 grains). Upon ignition, noise and a flash of light are produced. E.4.3.2t Devices containing am chemical not specified in Table E.4.3.1_ For each item for which approval is sought, the E.4.1.3 Other Fireworks Devices. manufacturer needs to submit a sample of each pyrotechnic mixture containing any chemical not specified in Table E.4.1.3.1t Where the quantity of explosive or pyrotechnic cons- E.4.3.1 to the Bureau of Explosives or other fireworks labora- position, or both, exceeds the limit for inclusion in the -Fire- tong acceptable to the DOT fur examination. The manufac- --works CN0336" category, devices enumerated in E.3.1 are turer shall then submit a Fireworks Approval Application (see assed as "1.3G" and described as "Fireworks UN0335" (for- .1PA 8i-l,dppendix DJ,together with the appropriate fireworks merly described as "Special Fireworks" and classed as -Class B laboratory reports to the DOT. The DOT can then issue Explosives"). This includes multiple tube devices containing approval based on the information contained in the applica- more than 200 g (7.1 oz) of total chemical composition. lion ;utrl accompanting fireworks laboratory reportIs). 2000 Edition ei 1123-26 FIREWORKS DISPLAY ^ Table E.4.3.1t Standard Fireworks Chemicals Miscellaneous compounds include the following: organic compounds [compounds such as lactose, shellac, red gum Chemical Typical Use chlorinated paraffin, and polyvinyl chloride, consisting of Aluminum Fuel some combination of carbon with hydrogen,oxygen, or chlo. en donor rine,or all three;nitrogen can be present if it accounts for less.Ammonium Perchlorate O i Antimony xYg than 10 percent(by weight) of the compound.] Fuel Antimony sulfide Fuel NOTE: Exact chemical identity of each"organic compound" is to he included when submitting an Approval Application(see Barium carbonate Neutralizer Barium nitrate Oxygen donor `PA 871,Appendix OJ to the DOT. Barium sulfate Oxygen donor E.5 Shipping Requirements. . Boric acid Neutralizer E.5.1t Transportation Regulating Authorities. Transporta- Calcium carbonate Neutralizer tion of fireworks is regulated by the United States Department Calcium sulfate Oxygen donor of Transportation (DOT).Some states and municipalities also • regulate transportation of fireworks through their jurisdic_ Carbon or charcoal Fuel Copper metal Color agent lion,often by incorporation of federal regulations. E.5.2t Approval. Except for samples prepared in accordance Copper oxide Oxygen donor, color agent with the DOT regulations, no fireworks device or novelty can be offered for transportation or be transported until it is Copper salts (except copper chlorate) Color agent classed and approved by the DOT, and an approval number • Dextrine Fuel/binder (EX number) is issued (Tide 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Hexamethylenenetetramine (hexam- Fuel ine) Patt 173.86). (See Sections E.3 and E.4 of thisappendix and APA 87-1,Appendix D.) Iron and iron alloys (e.g.,ferro/tita- Fuel nium) E.5.2.11 EX numbers for fireworks contained in a shipping carton need to be marked on the shipping carton or on the Iron oxide Oxygen donor Magnalium (magnesium/altuninum) Fuel • Mshipping paper. E.5.2.2t Cartons containing more than five different fire- Magnesium (in display fireworks and Fuel ^ theatrical pyrotechnics only) works devices need to be marked with at least five of the EX 1 numbers coveting items in the carton, or the EX numbers Magnesium carbonate Neutralizer Magnesium sulfate need to appear on the shipping paper[Tide 49, Code of Federal g Oxygen donor Regulations,Parts 172.320(c) and (d)]. Nitrocellulose-based lacquers Binder # Phosphorus,red (only as provided in Fuel E.5.3 Packaging. With certain exceptions,"Fireworks UN0335" Table E.3.6.1) (formerly"Special Fireworks"), "Fireworks UN0336" (formerly Potassium or sodium benzoate "Common Fireworks"),and"Novelties"are to be securely pack- Whistle aged in containers complying with the DOT regulations.Gross Potassium bichromate (potassium Oxygen donor weight limitation per package is now dictated by the weight I dichromate) (not to exceed 5%of for- marked on the certified packaging.Until October 1,1996,these mulation) materials could be packaged in accordance with the regulations in effect on September 31, 1991 (i.e., DOT 12B boxes). These Potassium chlorate (only as provided Oxygen donor in Table E.3.6.1) materials can be offered in accordance with the new package requirements promulgated under Docket No. HM-181 as of j Potassium hydrogen phthalate Whistle Potassium nitrate Oxygen donor January 1, 1991. However, except as noted below, compliance Potassium nitrate rate Oxygen donor withthese new package standards is mandatory as of October 1, 1996.Fireworks packaged prior to October 1, 1991, in packag- Potassium sulfate Oxygen donor ings that comply with the previous DOT regulations (such as 12B boxes),can be used until October 1,2001,but only for ship- Sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydro- Neutralizer gen carbonate) menu in domestic commerce and only if the package has not been emptied or refilled on or after October 1, 1991 [Tide 49, Sodium nitrate Oxygen donor Code of Federal Regulations, Pan 171.14(c)].Articles with match t Sodium salicylate Whistle or friction tip ignition are to be packed so that each individual Sodium salts (except sodium chlorate) Color agent tip is protected against accidental contact or friction (Tide 49, Sodium sulfate Oxygen donor Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173.108). Loose chemical com- position cannot be present in packages in transportation [Title Strontium carbonate Color agent ', 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172.102(c)(108)]. Strontium nitrate Oxygen donor Strontium salts (except strontium chlo- Color agent E.5.3.1t Toy Cap Packaging. Until October I, 1996, toy caps rate) could be packaged in accordance with Tide 49, Code of Federal -- Strontium sulfate Oxygen donor Regulations,Part 173.109,in effect on September 31, 1991 [i.e., DOT 1213 fiberboard boxes, with gross weight not to exceed Sulfur Fuel J. 65 lb(30 kg)].Toy caps are to be packaged in inner containers _ Titanium (particle size> 100 mesh if Fuel 1.4G or 1.45 Fireworks) meeting the requirements specified in E.3.2.5 of this appendix. Toy caps should not be packed with other fireworks. 2000 Edition Pr APPENDIX F 1123-27 ^tt Placards. Unless otherwise provided,each motor vehi- Appendix F Display Planning and Preparation . v. .reight container,and rail car is to bear appropriate plat- suds on each end and each side [Title 49, Code of Federal This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this.'sTP.4 dor- Regulations,Part 172.504(a)].Vehicles containing packages of unaent hut is included for informational purposes only. f Consumer Fireworks or Novelties that are labeled "1_4G" require a"1.4G"or"Explosive l.4G" placard (use of the word F.1 Approval. The outdoor display of fireworks should he explosive is optional) (Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part conducted only when and where approved by the authority 1,2.523), except that highway and rail shipments of less than having jurisdiction. To the extent required by the authority 1000 lb (454 kg) gross weight of such fireworks need not bear having jurisdiction, written documentation describing the a placard[Tide 49.Code of Federal Regulations,Part 172.504(c)]. location and operation of the outdoor display should be sub- { Vehicles containing Display Fireworks in any quantity require mitted by the display operator,sponsor.or both for review and a "1.3G" or "Explosive 1.3G" placard (the word explosive is approval by the authority having jurisdiction. The authority optional) (Tide 49, Code of Federal Regulations.Part 173.522). If having jurisdiction should review these documents as well as both "1.4G" and "1.3G" are present in a shipment, only the inspect and approve the display site prior to issuing any t "1.3G" placard is required. Until October 1, 1994, transport approval to conduct an outdoor display. .t vehicles and freight containers can be placarded with the old placards (i.e., "Class B Explosive" or "Dangerous' placard), F.2 Revocation or Modification. The authority having juns- and these placards can he used for domestic highway transpor- diction can revoke or restrict any approval to conduct an out- , ration only until October 1,2001. door display whenever conditions such as site location, weather. traffic, communication, security procedures, avail- E.5.5t Package Marking and Labeling. Each person who offers able public protection.or other safety precautions make such fireworks for transportation needs to ensure that the package action necessary to safeguard the health.safety, or welfare of displays the appropriate square-on-point label [Tide 49, Code of the public. Federal Regulations, Parts 172.400(a) and 172.411]. Consumer fireworks, toy smoke devices,and trick noise makers are either F.2.1 The authority having jurisdiction should determine the classed as "1.4G," "1.45," or not regulated for transportation level of fire protection to be prodded by the display operator. . purposes,and Display Fireworks are classed as"1.3G" (Tide 49, sponsor, or both for any outdoor display. Standby fire mar- . Code of Federal Regulations,Part 172.101).The label needs to be shays, fire fighters, and fire equipment might be required by printed or affixed to the surface of the package near the proper the authority having jurisdiction. shipping name and identification number, which are also required to appear on the package [Title 49, Code of Federal Reg- F.2.2 Wherever any condition deemed hazardous by the MS,Part 172.301(a)]. authority having jurisdiction or the operator arises before or during an outdoor display, the display should be interrupted E.5.6t Shipping Papers. Each person who offers a fireworks or postponed until the condition is corrected or the hazard is device or novelty for transportation needs to describe the item abated.Such conditions might include adverse weather condi- on a shipping paper. The description needs to include the tions or crowd behavior. proper shipping name (Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172.101 Table, Col. 2), the hazard class of the material. F.3 Other Approvals. Public displays conducted at locations the identification number (Col. 4), the packing group (Col. subject to multiple jurisdictions should be reviewed and • 5),and the total quantity covered by the description [Tide 49, approved where required by each applicable authority having Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172.202(a)]. Consumer Fire- jurisdiction. works (Common Fireworks) would be described as follows: "Fireworks, 1_4G, UN0336, PG II." Display Fireworks (Special F.3.1 Transportation and storage of fireworks. in particular Fireworks) would be described as "Fireworks. 1.3G, CN0335, interstate transit, should he done in accordance with the PG II." In addition, the shipper needs to certify that the ship- appropriate federal or state regulatory authority. ment is properly classified,marked,and labeled [Title 49,Code F.3.1.1 Interstate commerce in fireworks i of Federal Regulations, Part 172.204(a)]. s regulated in the United States by the Department of Treasury.Bureau of Alco- hol.Tobacco,and Firearms (ATF).An ATF license is required NOTE: EX numbers also are to appear on shipping papers unless they are marked on each shipping carton. to purchase fireworks classed as 1.3G explosives. E.6 References. F.3.2 Public display in a harbor or on a navigable waterway should he approved by the C.S. Coast Guard or other man- E.6.1t Tide 49,Code of Federal Regulations.Parts 171 to 180,C.S. time authority. Department of Transportation,can he obtained from the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, F.3.3 To the extent required by the authority having jurisdic- Washington, DC 20402, or as republished by the Bureau of tion, public display in the vicininv of a commercial airport or Explosives as "Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Depart- heliport should he approved by the Federal Aviation Adminis- ment of Transportation," available from the Association of tration or other aviation authority. American Railroads,50 F Street,NW,Washington,DC 20001. F.3.3.1 A Notice to Airmen (NOT.VM) should he issued to E.6.2t Tide 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1000 to end, alert aircraft operators of the location and time of the public resumer Product Safety Commission,can he obtained from display to avoid conflicts with air operations. superintendent of Documents, U.S.Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Extracts of these regulations F.3.4 1A here necessary. permission to close roadways, divert pertaining to fireworks can he obtained only from the Ameri- i raflic. or restrict access to roadways or other public rights of can Pyrotechnics Association. way should he obtained from the relevant authorities. 2000 Edition r 1123-28 FIREWORKS DISPLAY , f F.4 Proof of Insurance. The display operator, sponsor, or F.6.2 Firing Procedures. If required by the authority having both should present verifiable proof of liability insurance of a jurisdiction, operating procedures should be prepared and r type and amount deemed appropriate by the authority having submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for review and P. jurisdiction. approval. Where required, the operating procedures should F.4.1 Separate insurance coverage might be required for per- illustrate compliance with Chapter 5 and contain all of the fol- syi sonal injuries or accidents arising from other aspects of the lowing information: event. Insurance is intended to indemnify the operator in the (1) Identification of operator event of an accident arising from the outdoor display. (2) Copies of applicable display personnel licenses, P PP permits, '-.:- F.5 Site Plans. x: or certificates of fitness (3) Description of the firing method F.5.1 Public displays are often conducted at the same site annually or on a regular periodic basis.Plans can be reused or F.6.3 Termination Procedures. If required by the authority filed with the authority having jurisdiction for reference when- having jurisdiction a description of the procedures to be taken ever an application is made. upon completion of the outdoor display should be prepared and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction. Where F.5.1.1 The display operator, sponsor, or both should pre- required, the termination procedures should contain all of pare and submit site plans to the authority having jurisdiction the following information: for approval.These diagrams should be drawn to approximate scale,should illustrate compliance with Chapter 3,and to the (1) Procedures for inspecting the discharge site and fallout extent required by the authority having jurisdiction should area for any defective or unexploded fireworks g' contain all of the following information. (2) Procedures for disposing of defective fireworks and fire- d works materials (1) Display site—identify significant ground features,public rights of way,significant buildings or structures,overhead F.6.4 Emergency Procedures. Where required by the author- ity having jurisdiction,emergency instructions should be pre- obstructions,parking areas,and spectator viewing areas (2) Location of fireworks storage areas pared and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for (3) Fallout area,including dimensions approval. If required, these procedures should include all of f (4) North arrow the following information: (5) Likely wind direction (1) Description of the means of alerting staff of emergencies (6) Location of significant roadways, including access and (2) Identification of the signal and means to notify the dis- control points play operator,sponsor, or both to terminate the loading (7) Traffic plans indicating the flow of vehicles into and out or firing of fireworks in the event a hazard arises during of the site before and after the display the outdoor display (8) Location of emergency vehicle staging area and access (3) Identification of the means of notifying public emer- routes gencv forces F.5.1.2 Discharge Details. To the extent required by the (4) Emergency reporting instructions describing the infor- authority having jurisdiction, diagrams should be prepared mation that should be provided to emergence operators and submitted to illustrate the general arrangement and size F.6.4.1 Where required for safety by the authority having of mortars and the location of shell storage at the discharge jurisdiction, a public address system should be provided to site.These diagrams should include the location of the electri- ensure the timely and effective notification of spectators of cal faring unit. conditions affecting their safety. Public address announce- F.5.1.3 Changes. Plans should be revised or updated as often ments should be used to ensure an orderly spectator response. as required by the authority having jurisdiction to maintain The following are all situations that can be anticipated at an their accuracy. Any changes in site conditions between the event of this type: time plans are prepared and the display is conducted should (1) Fire be brought to the immediate attention of the authority having (2) Medical emergency jurisdiction and the display operator,sponsor,or both. (3) Vehicle accident E6 Operating Procedures. (4) Crowd disturbance (5) Adverse weather conditions F.6.1 Event Procedures. Where required, a description of the public display event should be prepared by the sponsor and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for review and approval. To the extent required by the authority having Appendix G Referenced Publications jurisdiction, event descriptions should include the time and G.1 The following documents or portions thereof are refer- schedule of events, attendance estimates, and procedures for enced within this code for informational purposes only and all of the following: are thus not considered part of the requirements of this code (1) Communications unless also listed in Chapter 8.The edition indicated here for (2) Weather monitoring each reference is the current edition as of the date of the (3) Site security NFPA issuance of this code. (4) Crowd control G.I.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- (5) Emergency forces notification tion, 1 Battermnarch Park,P.O. Box 9101,Quincy,NIA 02269- (6) First-aid fire fighting - 9101. (7) Emergency medical services NFPA WI®, Life Safety Cale, 1994 edition. 2000 Edition 40___._-_ 7 APPENDIX G 1123-29 NEPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation G.I.2.3 PGI Publication. The Pyrotechnic Guild Interna- j ,f Textiles and Fibres, 1999 edition. tional.Inc., P.O. Box 437.Chillicothe, OH 45601. yppA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry, 1997 edition. "Surly Guide for Display Operator Training Program." Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 1997 edition. 1993. G.I.2.4 Canadian Government Publication. Department of G,1.2 Other Publications. Energy,Mines and Resources-Canada. Explosives Branch,580 Booth Street,Ottawa,ON, Canada IidA OE4. Institute, 1 ANSI Publication.42ndio r American ewYork,National NY Standards The Fireworks Manual, Explosives Division Class 7.2.2, htsuuue, 11 West 42nd Street.New ea 10036. GANNET, Cat. No. M82-10/19911E. 1991. ANSI/ASME B 36.1OM, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel i Pipe. 1996. G.1.2.5 U.S. Government Publications. Superintendent of Dociunents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. , G.h2.2 APA Publications. American Pyrotechnic Associa- DC 20402. don,P.O. Box 213,Chestertown,MD 21620. Tide 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1000 to end, U.S. "Celebrate Safely" (Videotape). Consumer Product Safety Commission. American Pyrotechnic Association,Standard 87-1,,Standard Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations. Parts 171-180, U.S. for Construction and Approval far Transportation of Fireworks, 1993. Department of Transportation. 1 1 i s i 2000 Eaition Ill 1123-30 FIREWORKS DISPLAY - Index ©2000 National Fire Protection Association.All Rights Reserved. The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes.The licensing provisions set forth for the document are not applicable to this index.This index may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the express written per, mission of NFPA. -A- Explosive(definition) Aerial shells see also Display fireworks E 2.5.1 p y Pyrotechnic(definition) E 2.5.2 Construction 2 1,A.2.1.2 to A.2.1.3,E.4.2 Cone fountains Definition 1 4.1,A.1.4.1,E.4.1.1 Construction E 3.1.1.2 Design E 3.5.2.8 Consumer fireworks Disposal or return of E 3.4.2 6 5.2.2 Display fireworks 2 1,A.2.1.2 to A.2.1.3,E.42 Failure to ignite(unfired) 5 2.10,65.2,A5.2.10,A.6.5.2.1 Mortars Firing to 23.3.7,A.2.3.7 2 5.2,A.5.2.1A.5.2.12 Novelties Labeling E 3.5.2 2.1.3,App.B,E.5.5 Consumer fireworks Large diameter 5 2.9 Approval Requirements E 3.7 ,= Chap.2,A.2 Definition 1.4.20.1,A.1.4.20.1,E.2.6.1 y Storage 2.2,A.2.2.4.3,F.3.1 Labeling E.3.8,E.5.5 Transportation 2.2.1,E.5 Prohibited chemicals and components E.3.6 Aerial spinners E 3.1.2.3 Requirements American Pyrotechnics Association Standard,extract from ...App.E Sale E 3.5 Approved/approval E 5.2 E 1.4 Consumer fireworks Transportation E 1.3,E.5 E 3.7 Types Definition 1.4.2,A.1.4.2,E.2.1 E.3.1 Display fireworks E 4.3 Crowd control 5.1.2,5.1.4.1,A.5.1.2,E2.22 Fireworks display Cylindrical fountains E 3.1.1.1 F I to E3 Novelties F 3.7 '-- Theatrical pyrotechnics .D_ E 3.7 Definitions Assistants 5 2.9.2,6.3.2 Ex.,6.4.3,7.2;see also Personnel .1.3 E2 Discharge ge site 3 2 x 3.2.3 1.4.3,A.1.4.3 Definition 1},12 Authority having jurisdiction(definition) 1.4.4,A.1.4.4 Automatic electrical firing units...6.2.7;see also Electrical firing units Illumination of 5.1.5 Definition Inspection 6 5.2,A.6.5.2 1.4.15.1,A.1.4.15.1 Monitors 5.1.2.1,_x.5.1.2 -B• Personnel in...5.1.3.1 to 5.1.3.3,6.5.2,A.5.1.3.1,A.5.1.3.3,.4.6.5.2 Barrage(definition) Display fireworks 1.45,A.1.4.5 A Bases,construction of E 3.5.2.1 Approval E 4.3 Construction 2 1.A.2.1.2 to ,20A.2.1.2.E.4.2 Battery(definition) 1.4,6,A.1.4.6 Black matches(definition) 1 4.7,E.2.2 2 Definition 1 1.20.2,.A.1,1.20°.E.2.6.2 Blowout(definition) E 2.3 Design E 3.5.2.8 Bottle rockets E.3.L2.1,E.3.5.2.2;see also Rockets Firing 5 2,A.5.2.I to A.5.2.12 Break(definition) 1.4.8,A.1.4.8 Labeling Burnout(definition) 2 1.3,App.B.E.5.5 E 2.4 Packaging E 5.3 C Requirements Chap.2,A.2 Candles,Roman Storage 2 2,A.2.2.4.3.F.F.3.1 Caps see Roman candles Transportation 9.2.i,E5 es Safety see Safety caps Th E.4.1 Toy E.3.2.5,E.5.3.1,Table E.3.6.1 DrspY site Definition 1 4.13 Chain fusing 21.4 Ex. 1,2.6,5.2.11,A.2.6 Definition 1.4.9,A.1.4.9 Monitors 5 1.2,A5.1.2 Chamber,pyrotechnic E 3.5.2.5 Plans 3 1.2,F5 Selection Chap.3,A.3 Chasers E 3.1.3.2 Chemical composition(definition) E 2.5 Storage and handling of fireworks at 9.2.2 to 2.2.4 Chemicals,prohibited E 3.6.1 ... Code(defi ition) 1.4.10,.A.1.4.10 -E• Comets 2 1.1,E.3.5.2.8 Electric matches Definition Y.2.3.1(3),6.2.9,6.3.1 1.4.11,A.1.4.11 Definition Composition 1 4.17,.A.1.4.17 Electrical firing junctions 6 2,A.6.2.2 to A42.4 Chemical(definition) E 2.5 Definition 1 4.14 2000 Edition 4 r _ INDEX 1123-31 i jectrical ruing units Ground spinners E.3.1.1.5,E.35.I.1,Table E.3.6.1 I Definition 1.4.15,A.1.4.13 IDesign 6.2,A.6.2.2 to:A.6.2.4 Disconnection 65.1 Handheld electrical ruing units .. 6.2.6:see also Electrical firing units Operation 6 4,A.6.4.3 Definition 14.15.2,A.1.4.15.2 Setup 6 3.A.6.3.2 Handles,construction of E.:1.5.2.3 Electrical ignition 2.1.4 Ex.2,4.4.1(5),Chap.6,A.6 Hazardous conditions 5.1.4 Definition 1.4.16,A.1.4.16 Hazardous debris(definition) 14"4,A.1-{.2{ i 3.2.10-3 Ex. Helicopters E_1.1.'_'.3 i Failure of shell to ignite i large diameter shells 5 2.9.`?,A52.9.2 Ex. I - Mortars,buried 2.4.3 Ex.,2.4.4 Ex. Ignition tee Electrical ignition:Manual ignition i Ready boxes,use of 2 2.4.2 Ex..2.2.4.3 Ex. illuminating torches E.3.1.1.3 Electrostatic discharge hazard 6 4'4 Inspection Emergency procedures,fireworks display F6.4 Discharge site 6 4-3,A.ti.4,3 Equivalency to code 1 3 3 1.2 E.2.5.1 Display site Explosive composition(definition) Electrical firing units ti 3.1 t Explosive devices,forbidden E.3.6.3 • Fallout area 5 2.12,A.5.2.12 _F- Mortars 0.3.1,2.3.6,A.2.3.1 Fallout area 3 3,A.3.3.1 Post-display Definition 1 4.18,A.1.4.18 Instantaneous fuses see Quick matches Inspection 5,2.12,A.5.2.12 Insurance,proof of F{ Finale(definition) 1 4.19,A.1.4.19 Fire protection 3.3.3.5.1,1.5.L F.2.1 -L- Firecrackers E.3.1.3.1,Table E.3.6.1 Labeled(definition) 1.4.b Labeling j Consumer see Consumer fireworks Aerial shells 2.1.3,App.B.E.a.a Definition 1 4.20,A.1.4.20,E.2.6 Consumer fireworks E 3.8.E3S Display see Display fireworks Definition E.2.7 Disposal or return of 6 5.2.2 Salutes >.1.3:!,E35 Novelties see Novelties Lances(definition) 1 4.26.A.1.4.26 Storage 2 2 Landing area see Fallout area Transportation `.2.1,E.1.3,E5 Licensing,operators 7 1,App.D p Lift charge(derntition) 1 4.2.7.A.1.+.27 Fireworks display 14.28,A.I.4.28 Definition 1 {.°_l Listed(definition) Loaders(definition) I 4.29 Electrical ignition Chap.6..1.6 Firing of shells 5.2.-A5.2.1 to.A.5.2.12 _AI_ Operating procedures F 6 Chap Manual electrical firing units 6.'_'.2 ti to 6.2.5.A.6.2.2 to A. 2.4: Operation p.5 5—AS see also Electrical firing .wits Planning and preparation App. F Definition 1 4.15.3.A.1.4.15.3 Flitter sparklers E 3.1.1.6 Manual ignition 4.4.1.5.2.6.6.L 4 Floating vessels and platforms Chap.4.A.4 Chain fused shells 5 2.11,A.5.2.11 Combustible material on 4 7.A.4.7 Definition 1 4.30 Communications 4 5.A.4.5 Large diameter shells Constntction 4 2.1..4 2.1 Marking E5.2.1 m E5.2 2.E55 Egress requirements 4.3'3'5 Consumer fireworks E.3.8 Operations 4 4 A.4.4.6 E.2.9 Personnel 4.6. A.4.6 6 Definition Mines Sizing requirements 4.3.1..4.3 1.4.31.E 11.2.5 devices Forbidden explosive E.3.6.3 Definition Missile-type rockets E.3.1.2.2.E.3.>2.3 Fountains _ Cone E 3.1.1.2 Monitors s 1.2..k.5.!. Cylindrical F.31.1.1 Definition 14.32 Mortar reeks '.,i.2.6.1.2 to 2.6.1.4..A.'?.6.1.Y Fusees(dermition) I 4.22 Definition 1.-1-34 Fuses E.:35.1 Instantaneous see Quick matches Mortar troughs °.4.4 to 2.45.1.2.4-4 Definition 1.4.35 Safety(definition) E 2.12 Mortars Buried Glow worms E.3.2.3 Construction Ground display pieces 9.2.3.1 f 11.3.9 2 5.3 Definition 1 4.33 Definition 1 1.23 Inspection 2.3.1.2.3.6.1.2.1I 2000 Eaton r a:. 3 F 1123-32 FIREWORKS DISPLAY Installation 2 3 to 2.5,3.2.3,A.2.3 to A2.4 Loading and firm5.2..A.5.2.1 -9- B to A.5.2.12 Safety caps Reloading 2.3.3 to 2.3.4,A.2.3.3 Definition -N- Safety fuses(definition) E11 424.1454312 No-fire current(definition) 14 36 Salute powder(definition) E. Novelties SalutesC Approval Definition E 3.7 1 4.44,E.4. .2 Definition E 9 Ground 2 1.7.4 4 Prohibited components E 3.6.2 Labeling "* Sale 2 1.3.2 . E 1.4 Shell limits 21.7 Transportation E.1.3,£.5 Scope of code Types 1.1 E 3.: Shall(definition) 1 4.46 -O_ Shipping see Transportation Shooters 2.1.5,5.2.9.2,5.2.10.3,6.3 2 Ex.,6.4.1 to 6.4.3, Open flame devices 5 1.6 A.6.4.3;see also Operators Operators Definition - 1 4.47 Definition 14 37 Should(definition) Licensing 14.48 C Permits 7 1,App.D Sky rockets E 3.1.2.1,E.3.5.2.2,E.3.5.2.8 - Qualifications 7 3 Smoke devices,toy E.3.1.1.7,E.3.5.2.9,E.5.5 Responsibilities Chap. Smoking prohibition 5.1.6 51.3 Snakes _p_ Snappers E 3.2.3 i E 3.2.2 1 Packaging Sparklers E 3.2.4,E.3.5.2.3 [ E 5.3 Spikes,construction of7 Permits �Poppers E 3.2.1,Table E.3.6.1 Spinners E 3.5.2.4 7 3,App.C Personnel Aerial E 3.1.2.3 Ground E 3.1.1.5,E.35.1.1,Table E.3.6.1 Behavior of 5 1.6,5.1.8,5.2.7 Floating vessels and platforms 4.6,A.4.6 Sponsors ^ Protection 2.3.4,5.1.3.3,A5-1.3.3 Definition 1 4.49 Staff needed 51.3.1,A.5.1.3.1 Permits Trainin 7 3 Placards B 51.3.2 Spotters 5 1.4.3 E 5.4 Definition 14.5050 Definition E 2.10 Sticks,construction of Platforms,fioatin E 35.2.2 B see Floating vessels and platforms Storage,display fireworks 9 2,A.2.2.4.3.F.3.1 Portfires(definition) 1 4.38 Substance abuse Post-display operations isplay operations 2 5 1.8 area Potential landing area see Fallout area Prohibited chemicals and components E 3.6 Testing Public address system,fireworks display F 6.4.1 Electrical circuits Public display 6 35 to 6.3.6 see Fireworks display Mortars A2.1.2,A.2.3.7 to A2.3.8 Purpose of code Theatrical pyrotechnics Pyrotechnic E chamber,construction of 3.5.2.5 Approval Pyrotechnic composition(definition) E•> 2 5 E 3.7 y Definition E 2.63 Pyrotechnics,theatrical see Theatrical pyrotechnics , Transportation E 5 -Q- Torches,illuminating E 3.1.1.3 Toy caps E 3.2.5,E53.1,Table E.3.6.1 Quick matches 2 1.4,2.6.2 Definition 14 40,E.2.1I Transportation Approval E.3.7,E.4.3 -R- Consumer fireworks E 1.3 Ready box tenders(definition) 1.4.42,A.1.4.42 Display fireworks 2 2.1,£3.1 Ready boxes 2 2.4,A.2.2.4.3 Fireworks Definition E o 1 4.41 Regulating authorities E 5.1 Illumination of 5.1.5 Troughs ) Referenced publications see Mortar troughs Chap.8,App.G,E.6 Rockets Bottle E 3.1.2.1,E.3.5.2.2 Vessels,floating see Floating vessels and platforms Design E.3.5,2.8 Missile-type E 3.1.2.2 -W- - Sky E 3.1.2.1,E 3.5.2.2 Weather conditions Wings E 3.5.2.6 Wheels 3 2.2 Ex. I,E.3.1.1.4,E.35.2.7 Roman candles....2.6.15,3.2.2 Ex.2,£2.6.15,E.3.1.2.4,E.3.5.1.2, Wings,construction of E 3.5.2.6 E.3.5.2.8 Worms,glow E 3.2.3 2000 Edition 00 01 02 03 04 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cou/D 1124-1 Copyright'©2003,National Fire Protection Association,All Rights Reserved NFPA 1124 Code for the ' Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles 2003 Edition This edition of NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation,Storage, and Retail Sales.of 4 Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics and acted on by NFPA at its November Association Technical Meeting held November 16-20. 2002, in Atlanta, GA. It was issued by the Standards Council on January 17, 2003, with an - • effective date of February 6,2003,and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 1124 was approved as an American National Standard on January 17. 2003. IMPORTANT NOTE:This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading `Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Docu- ments."They can also be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers. • Origin and Development of NFPA 1124 NFPA 44A was originally developed by the Technical Committee on Explosives of the NFPA Committee on Chemicals and Explosives.It was adopted as a Tentative Code at the 1972 NFPA Annual Meeting.It was further revised and officially adopted at the 1973 NFPA Annual Meet- ing.A revised edition was adopted in 1974. In 1980, the Technical Committee on Explosives and the Committee on Pyrotechnics voted to transfer responsibility for NFPA 44A to the Committee on Pyrotechnics.The Con-e- lating Committee on Chemicals and Explosives concurred and petitioned the NFPA Stan- dards Council to effect the change. The Standards Council approved the change in June 1981. The 1984 edition of NFPA 1124 was the result of a complete review of the 1974 edition of NFPA 44A by the Committee on Pyrotechnics, including the redesignation of the document as NFPA 1124 for consistency with the designations for other documents relating to pyrotechnics. The 1988 edition of NFPA 1124 was the result of a thorough review of and partial revision to the 1984 edition of NFPA 1124 by the Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics, including reference updating and incorporation of the latest separation distances as approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives in May 1983. It included new provisions for salute manufac- turing and storage of salute powder. The 1995 edition of NFPA 1124 included partial amendments to the document and edito- rial revisions, improving its ability to be used,adopted.and enforced and making it conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.The Committee incorporated the latest separation distances as approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives in June 1991.The Committee also updated the definitions of fireworks to he consistent with the new terminology used in the C.S.Depart- ment of Transportation regulations that incorporated the United Nations shipping designa- tions for fireworks (explosives). For the 1998 edition, the requirements for fireworks laboratories were clarified by the addition of a definition and clarification of the storage and separation distances that are appropriate for them. The Committee added an appendix that extracts language from the American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1 to provide users of this document with the approved definitions used in the Federal Regulations for fireworks, novelties,and theatrical pyrotechnics. The 1998 edition incorporated amendments to the separation distances for fireworks manufacturing plants based upon gross weight.Amendments to Chapter 4 clarified the stor- age requirements hoc manufacturing facilities and p rovidud requirements for storage at non- manufacturing facilities such as warehouses and distribution Iacili tics. 1124-2 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES In 1999,the NFPA Board of Directors revised its policy in order to permit the Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics to develop provisions for the retail sales and storage of consumer fireworks,subject to Standards Council oversight. At the same time,the Board reaffirmed its support of the Model Fireworks Law,which,since 1938, prohibits use of consumer fireworks. +e# Although NFPA's Public Education position continues to advocate against any use of consumer fireworks, it is -.:.7 believed that in the interest of public safety, NFPA standards for the retail sales and storage of consumer fireworks should be available in those jurisdictions where such sales are permitted. As a result of the Board of Directors decision, the 2003 edition incorporates new provisions dealing with the distribution and retail sales of consumer fireworks.The code now addresses the fire and life safety requirements for construction, siting and separation distances, and storage and display layout for both permanent and temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities.It contains a completely revised Chapter 6 on distribution facilities and a new Chapter 7 on consumer fireworks retail sales facilities.The code has also been revised to reflect the NFPA Manual of Style. IRq. 2003 Edition ?'- � r • COMMITTEE PERSONNEL. 1124-3 Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Randall W.A.Davidson, Chair Risk International&Associates.CA[SE] Kenneth L.Kosanke. Secretary PvroLabs,Incorporated,CO [SE] Dane Boles, Quest Aerospace.Div.of Marvel Enterprises. Bruce E.Kelly, Orem, UT [U] Inc.,AZ [M] Rep.Tripoli Rocketry Association.Inc. Richard Bowes, Canadian Explosives Research John Kitchens, City of Los Angeles Fire Department,CA[E] Laboratory/CANMET,Canada [RT] Gerald R.Laib, Naval Surface Weapons Center.Code 950X, W.G.Bulifant,Hl, Dominion Fireworks,Inc..VA[U] MD [SE] Jose R.Colon, Connecticut Department of Public Safety, J.Patrick Miller, Hardin-Simmons University,TX [U] CT[F] Rep.National Association of Rocketry Rep. David J.Pier, YIP Associates,Inc,CA[NI) International Fire Marshals Association John A.Conlding, Chestertown,MD [SE] Michael W Platt, Hinton,NW[N] Rep.High Power Rocket Manufacturers&Dealers Hugh Council, California Dept.of Forestry&Fire Protection,CA[E] Association Thomas DeWrlle, Luna Tech Incorporated.AL(MI Mary Roberts, Estes Industries.CO [M] oc Gary C.Rosenfield, Industrial Solid Propulsion,Inc..NV[M] Vernon Estes, Canon City,CO [SE] Gary A.Fadorsen, Pvrotech International Inc.,OH [IM] David S.Shatzer, U.S.Bureau of Alcohol.Tobacco Firearms.DC[E] Felix J.Grucci,Jr., Fireworks by Grucci,Inc.,NY[M] James R.Souza, Pyro Spectaculars.Inc..CA[U] Garry Hanson, Precocious Pyrotechnics,Inc..MN [M] John R.Steinberg, Pyrotechnics Guild International,Inc., Rep.National Fireworks Association MD [U] Lansden E.Fill,Jr., E.E.Hill&Son,Inc./Pero Shows,TN [U] Charles Weeth, LaCrosse,WI [U] Alfred J.Hogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District,FL[E] Rep.La Crosse Skvrockers Inc. Robert J.James, City of Bloomington Fire Prevention,MN[E] Dan Westcott, Gadsden Fire Department.AL[E] Rep.Fire Prevention Code Committee Rep.NFPA Fire Service Section Alternates Diane Arend, California Dept.of Forestry&Fire Protection. H.Stephen Frantz, Western Enterprises.Inc.,OK[U] CA[E] (Alt.to L. E. Hill) (Alt.to H.Council) Feld J. (Phil)Grucci, Fireworks by Gnicci,Inc..NY[M] Arthur H.Barber,III, Springfield,VA[SE] (Alt. to F.J.Gniccil (Alt.to V.Estes) Julie L Heckman, American Pyrotechnics Association.MD[M] Scott Bartel, Black Sky Research,CA[U] (Alt.to APA Rep.) (Alt.to B.E.Kelly) Larry Mars, SIP Associates.Inc..CA[M] Gary E.Brown, Pyro Spectaculars,Inc_CA[U] (Alt,to D.J. Pier) (Alt.to J.R.Souza) Brennan S.Phillips, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol.Tobacco& Kevin T.Brueckner, Fireworks and Stage EX America,Inc.. Firearms.WA[E] CA[M] (Alt.to G.Hanson) (Ale to D.S.Sha¢er) Bill Stine, Quest Aerospace, Div.of Man-el Enterprises.Inc., Mark B.Burdick, First Chicago Capital Markets,IL[U] (Alt.to J.P.Miller) AZ [M] Steve A.Coman, RES Specialty Pyrotechnics Inc.,MN [U] (Alt.to D.Boles) (Alt.to].R.Steinberg) Gerald D.Ward, Bethany Fire&Protection District.IL iE] Ettore Contestabile, Canadian Explosives Research (Alt.to D.Westcott) Laboratory/CANMET,Canada [RT) Lawrence Weinman. Luna Tech Schneter-Weinman (Alt.to R.Bowes) Consultants,AL[M] Patrick C.Ferguson, Onalaska,WI [U] (Alt. to T.DeWille (Alt.to C.Weeth) Nonvoting Joseph A.Domanico, U.S.Department of the Army,MD[RT Rosemary Veigel Cooper, G.S.Department of Labor.IL[E] • Patrick M.Race, G.S.Consumer Product Safety Rep.Occupational Safety and Health Administration Commission,DC [C] Gary Zeller. Zeller International.NT Guy R.Colonna,NFPA Staff Liaison Committee Scope:This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the manufacture.transportation.and storage of consumer and display fireworks,pyrotechnic special effects,and model and high power rocket motors.This Committee.hall have primary responsibility for the use of display fireworks and for model and high power rocketry.and the construction,launching,and other operations that involve model and high power rocket motors.The Committee shall hate primary resonnsibilin-for documents on the wholesale and retail sale and storage of consumer fireworks. The Committee does not have responsibilit for documents on the use of consumer fireworks by the general public:on the use of pyrotechnic special effects before a proximate audience;on the manufacture.transportation,storage for use of military,automotive, agricultural,and industrial pyrotechnics. This list represents the membership at the time the Committee:vas balloter(on the inn(text aphis edito,0. /rice that ham. Mangey in the membership may have occurred.A key to classifications is Jouml at the back u/the dorrunent. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the 1•.sociatinn or any document developed by the committee on which the;nemhcr sense. 2003 E7ition • 1124-4 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES Contents Chapter 1 Administration 1124- 6 5.3 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions 1124-23 < 1.1 Scope 1124- 6 5.4 Requirements for Shipping Buildings 1.2 Purpose 1124- 6 for Display Fireworks 1124-23 1.3 Application 1124- 6 1.4 Retroactivity 1124- 7 Chapter 6 Storage of Consumer Fireworks 1124-24 1.5 Equivalency 1124- 7 6.1 Applicability 1124-24 L6 Enforcement 1124- 7 6.2 General Requirements For the Storage of Consumer Fireworks 1124-24 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 1124- 7 6.3 Permit Requirements 1124-24 2.1 General 1124- 7 6.4 Construction 1124-24 2.2 NTPA Publications 1124- 7 6.5 Fire Protection 1124-25 2.3 Other Publications 1124- 7 6.6 Site Requirements 1124-25 Chapter 3 Definitions 1124- 7 6.7 Separation Distances 1124-25 3.1 General 1124- 7 6.8 Means of Egress 1124-26 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions 1124- 8 6.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting 1124-26 3.3 General Definitions 1124- 8 6.10 Electrical Requirements 1124-26 6.11 Operations 1124-26 Chapter 4 Manufacturing Operations 1124-11 6.12 Housekeeping 1124-26 4.1 Applicability 1124-11 6.13 Consumer Fireworks Work Buildings, 4.2 Permit Requirements 1124-11 Rooms,or Areas 1124-26 4.3 Recordkeeping and Reporting 1124-11 1124-11 6.14 Trailers,Semitrailers,and Metal ; 4.4 Site Security Shipping Containers 1124-27 4.5 Construction 1124-11 PP g 4.6 Magazine Construction—General 1124-12 Chapter 7 Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks ... 1124-27 4.7 Magazine Construction— 7.1 Applicability 1124-27 Requirements for Specific Types 1124-13 4.8 Construction of Storage Buildings for 7.2 General Requirements for Retail Sales , Consumer Fireworks 1124-14 of Consumer Fireworks 1124-27 ° • 4.9 Separation Distances and Quantity 7.3 Permit Requirements 1124-28 Tables 1124-15 7.4 Construction 1124-28 4.10 Maximum Number of Occupants and 7.5 Fire Protection 1124-28 Maximum Quantity Limitations 1124-17 7.6 Site Requirements 1124-29 ) 4.11 Operations 1124-17 7.7 Separation Distances 1124-29 I 4.12 Fire and Explosion Prevention 1124-17 7.8 Means of Egress 1124-30 i 4.13 Fire Protection and Emergency Plans 1124-20 7.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting 1124-31 3 4.14 Testing of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic 7.10 Retail Sales Displays 1124-31 Articles 1124-21 4.15 Occupancies 1124-21 7.11 Equipment 1124-32 4.16 Training 1124-21 7.12 Operations 1124-33 4.17 Operations in Storage Buildings 1124-21 7.13 Records 1124-33 4.18 Work Areas in Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings 1124-22 Chapter 8 Transportation of Fireworks, 4.19 Item Construction 1124-22 Pyrotechnic Articles,and Any Component(s) Containing M Chapter 5 Storage of Display Fireworks, Pyrotechnic or Explosive Pyrotechnic Articles,Salute Materials on Public Highways 1124-33 Powder,Pyrotechnic and 8.1 General Requirements 1124-33 Explosive Compositions,and . Black Powder 1124-22 Annex A Explanatory Material 1124-33 5.1 General Requirements 1124-22 J x, 5.2 Storage Within Magazines 1124-23 Annex B Magazine Construction 1124-39 2003 Edition CONTENTS 1124-5 Annex C Extract from American Pyrotechnics Annex F Sample Ordinance Adopting Association Standard 87-1, NFPA 1124 1124-50 Standard for Construction and Approval for Transportation of Annex G Informational References 1124-50 Fireworks 1124-40 Annex D Glossary 1124-46 Index 1124-52 Annex E DOT Explosive Materials Transport Regulations 1124-48 2003 Edition j J. 1124-6 NLANUFACFURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE.RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES NFPA 1124 ments which are intended to be mutually exclusive unless spe. 0 cifically indicated within a chapter. Code for the 1.3.2.1 Chapter 4.Chapter 4 shall apply to the manufacturing Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, of all types of fireworks at manufacturing facilities. and Retail Sales of Fireworks 1.3.2.1.1 For the storage of salute powder, pyrotechnic and k, explosive compositions, and black powder used in the manu- and Pyrotechnic Articles facturing of fireworks and for the storage of finished display ::*J fireworks and pyrotechnic articles,see Chapter 5. sr 2003 Edition 1.3.2.1.2 For the storage of finished consumer fireworks and NOTICE:An asterisk(*) following the number or letter desig- pyrotechnic articles classified as explosives, 1.4G (UN 0336, nating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the UN 0337,UN 0431,and UN 0432),see Chapter 6. a paragraph can be found in Annex A. 1.3.2.2 Chapter 5. Chapter 5 shall apply to the storage of sa- t Areference in brackets I ] following a section or paragraph lute powder, pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA black powder used in the manufacturing of fireworks and to { document.As an aid to the user,Annex G lists the complete ., p finished olay fireworks and N pyrotechnic 6, UN UN not,and title and edition of the source documents for both mandatory fled as explosives, 1.4G (UN 0336, UN 0337, UN 0431, and it and nonmandatory extracts. Editorial changes to extracted UN 0432). material consist of revising references to an appropriate divi- V sion in this document or the inclusion of the document num- 1.3.2.3 Chapter 6. Chapter 6 shall apply to the storage of fin- fl ber with the division number when the reference is to the ished consumer fireworks at manufacturing and distribution original document. Requests for interpretations or revisions facilities. of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re- 1.3.2.3.1 Chapter 6 shall not apply to the storage of con- sponsible for the source document. sumer fireworks at consumer fireworks retail sales facilities Information on referenced publications can be found in and stores. i Chapter 2 and Annex G. 1.3.2.3.2 For the storage of consumer fireworks related to the t retail sales of consumer fireworks at consumer fireworks retail l sales facilities or stores,see Chapter 7. Chapter 1 Administration 1.3.2.4 Chapter 7. Chapter 7 shall apply to the retail sales of 1.1 Scope. This code regulates the construction, use, and consumer fireworks to the public at consumer fireworks retail maintenance of buildings and facilities for the following: sales facilities and stores and to the related storage of con- (1) The manufacture and storage of fireworks at fireworks sumer fireworks at such facilities. manufacturing facilities 1.3.2.5 Chapter 8.Chapter 8 shall apply to the transportation (2) The storage of display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, sa- of fireworks,pyrotechnic articles,and any component(s) con- raining pyrotechnic or explosive compositions or explosive lute powder, pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and black powder at other than display sites materials. (3) The retail sales and related storage of consumer fireworks 1.3.3 This code shall not apply to the use of consumer fire- in consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores works by the general public. (4) The transportation of fireworks,pyrotechnic articles,and 1.3.4 This code shall not apply to the display site storage and components thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials on public highways use of fireworks and pyrotechnic articles conducted in accor- 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code shall be to improve dance with NFP.91123, Code for Fireworks Display. safety in the manufacture, transportation,and storage of fire- 1.3.5 This code shall not apply to the transportation of fire- works, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) thereof works, pyrotechnic devices used in the entertainment indus- containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions,and in the try, or any component(s) thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, where such transportation is under distribution and retail sales of consumer fireworks. the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Transportation 1.3 Application. This code shall apply to the manufacture. (U.S. DOT) or any other national transportation authority. transportation,and storage of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) thereof containing pyrotechnic or ex- 1.3.6 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transpor- tation, or storage of model rockets or high power rockets, plosive compositions,and to the distribution and retail sales of g consumer fireworks. model rocket motors or high power rocket motors, model j rocket motor reloading kits or modules,or high power motor j 1.3.1 This code shall also apply to the following: reloading kits or modules, as covered by one of the following i (1) Testing of fireworks at a manufacturing facility codes: (2) Testing of pyrotechnic devices used in the entertainment (1) NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry industry (2) NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and (3) Testing of any component(s) of fireworks or pyrotechnic High Power Rocket Motors devices used in the entertainment industry that contain (3) NFPA 1127, Code for High Power Rocketry. pyrotechnic or explosive compositions. 1.3.7 This code shall not apply to the manufacture,transpor- • 1.3.2 Use of This Code. This code is structured in a logical tation, and storage of fireworks by federal and state military sequence of Chapters 4 through 8 containing specific require- agencies. I 2003 Edition DEFINITIONS 1124-7 43.8 This code shall not apply to the storage of pyrotechnic NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of.Sprinkler Systems,2002 devices at the site of use and the use of pyrotechnic special edition. effects in the entertainment industry conducted in accor- NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using dance with NFPA 1126,Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Chemicals,2000 edition. Proximate Audience. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.2002 edition. 1.3.9 This code shall not apply to laboratories covered by NFP4 72a, National Fire Alarm Codes, 2002 edition. NFPA 45,Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. NFPA80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 edi- tion. 1.3.10 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, trans- NFPA 10l®, Life Safety Code, 2003 edition. portation,or storage of flammable gases or liquids NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic 1.3.11 This code shall not apply to fireworks or pyrotechnic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Strictures, 1995 edition. articles used in conjunction with flammable gas or flammable NFPA 20d.Standard for.Smoke and Heat lenting 2002 edition. liquid special effects conducted in accordance with NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of S Storage,2003 edi- NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display,and NFPA 1126, Standard tion. for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience. NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 1.4 Retroactivity.The provisions of this code reflect a consen- 1998 edition. sus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable degree of NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building protection from the hazards addressed in this code at the time Materials,2003 edition. • the code was issued. NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 2000 edition. 1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this code NFPA 1122. Code for;Model Rocketry,2002 edition. shall not apply to facilities,equipment,structures, or installs- NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display,2000 edition. dons that existed or were approved for construction or instal- lation prior to the effective date of the code.Where specified, V FPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High the provisions of this code shall be retroactive. Power Rocket Motors, 2001 edition. NFPA 1126, Standard far the Cse of Pyrotechnics before a Proxi- 1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction mate Audience, 2001 edition. determines,based on clear and convincing evidence, that the NFPA 1127. Code for High Power Rocketry,2002 edition. existing situation so materially deviates from the requirements f this code that it presents an unacceptable hazard to life or 2.3 Other Publications. property, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted 2.3.1 U.S. Government Publications. C.S. Government to apply retroactively any portions of this code as are necessary Printing Office,Washington, DC`?0402. to mitigate the hazard. Child Safety Act of 1966 1.4.3 The retroactive requirements of this code shall be per- mitted to be modified if their application clearly would be Title XI, "Regulation of Explosives, of the Crime Control impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdic- Act of 1970," 1970. tion, and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonable Title 16. Code of Federal Regulations. Part 1500 and Part degree of safety is provided. 1507.C.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 1.5 Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of systems,methods,or devices of equivalent or supe- Title 18, United States Code. Chapter 40, "Importation. rior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, Manufacture, Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Mated- and safety over those prescribed by this code. als." 1970. 1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the au- Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations. Part 55, Bureau of thority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms. 1.5.2 The system,method,or device shall he approved for the Title 29. Code of Federal Re;ulations. Part 1910.1200, intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. "Hazard Communication," U.S. Department of Labor. 1.6 Enforcement. This code shall be administered and en- Title 49,Code of Federal Regulations.Part 100 to end.C.S. forced by the authority having jurisdiction designated by the Department of Transportation. governing authority. (See Annex Ffor sample wording for enabling legislation.) 2.3.2 Institute of Makers of Explosives Publication. Institute of Makers of Explosives. 1120 19th St.. NW. Suite 310. Wash- ington. DC 20036-3605. Chapter 2 Referenced Publications American Table of Distances. .finer/can Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives. June, 1991. • 2.1 General.The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this code and shall he consid- "^^red part of the requirements of this document. Chapter 3 Definitions 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, I Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101,Quincy. MA 02269-9101. 3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. 2002 tub- apply to the terms used in this code. Where terms are not tion. included.common usage of the teens shall apply. 2003 Edition 1124-8 mANL'FACI'URE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES 3.2 NEPA Official Definitions. ^ surrounding exposures that require protection from '• g 3.2.1*Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdir seen from a magazine or building containin ex being it. don. when the trees are bare of leaves. g Plosrvq 3.2.2*Authority Ha • 3.3.5.3* Screen Barricade. Any barrier that contains the ` { ty a'mgJtuisdiction(A} . The organization, office,or individual responsible for approving equipment,ma- embers and debris from a fire or deflagration in a process serials,an installation,or a procedure, building, thus preventing propagation of fire to other - 3.2.3* Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of buildings or areas. [1125:3.3] provisions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for 3.3.6 Binary Material. See 3.3.40.1. { adoption into law independently of other codes and stan- 3.3.7*Binary System. A two-component pyrotechnic system. dards. 3.2.4 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been 3.3.8 Black Powder. See 3.3.32.1. attached a label,symbol,or other identifying mark of an orga- 3.3.9 Building• nization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction 3.3.9.1* Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. A building and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri- where the sales area includes the storage of combustible odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or mate- materials on pallets, in solid piles, or in racks in excess of ' { rials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates com- 12 ft (3.7 m) in storage height. [101:3.3] pliance with appropriate standards or performance in a t specified manner. 3.3.9.2*Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. A building,in which finished consumer fireworks are received, stored, 3.2.5*Listed. Equipment,materials,or services included in a and shipped but in which no manufacturing is performed. list published by an organization that is acceptable to the au- thority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of 3.3.9.3* Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. 1 products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of A building, room or area where finished consumer fire production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalu- works are picked and packaged into retail packages includ- anon of services,and whose listing states that either the equip- ing assortments or picked and packed into DOT approved ment,material,or service meets appropriate designated stan- packaging,and where related operations are performed. dards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified 3.3.9.4*Inhabited Building. Any building or structure regu- I, purpose. lady used in whole or part as a place of human habitation. 3.2.6 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. 3.3.9.5*Mechanical Building. A building that contains me- 3.2.7 Should- Indicates a recommendation or that which is chanical, electrical, air-conditioning, or other equipment t advised but not required. and that usually is connected to a process or nonprocess j building. 3.3 General Definitions. 3.3.9.6*Mixing Building. Any building used primarily for 1 3.3.1*Aerial Shell. Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge mixing and blending of pyrotechnic compositions. containing pyrotechnic material,a long fuse or electric match 3.3.9.7* Nonprocess Building. An office building, a ware- wires,and a black powder lift charge. [1126:1.5] house,or other building or area located in a manufacturing 3.3.2 Airburst. A pyrotechnic device that is suspended in the facility in which no fireworks, pyrotechnic or explosive com- air to simulate outdoor aerial fireworks shells without produc- position, pyrotechnic articles, or components containing pvL ing hazardous debris. [1126:1.5] rotechnic or explosive materials are processed or stored. 3.3.3 Area. 3.3.9.8* Process Building. Any building or any room at a Saks Area. Theportion manufacturing facility where fireworks, pyrotechnic ar- 3.3.3.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail tides, or component(s) containing explosive or pyrotech- of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store,includ- nic compositions are manufactured.A process building is ing the immediately adjacent aisles, where consumer fire- arc ant' building are manufacturing process where o con- works are located for the purpose of retail display and sale also any at a ackd facility hi to the public. P Sumer fireworks are initially packed for shipment. 3.3.3.2 Process Area, An outside area com plying with the 3.3.9.9 Shipping Building. A building used for the packing P g of assorted display fireworks or for the loading of display applicable provisions of this code for a process building fireworks onto vehicles for shipment to purchasers. that is used for the manufacture of fireworks and pyrotech- nic articles. 3.3.9.10 Storage Building. A building, structure, or facil- ity in which consumer fireworks in any state of process- i 3.3.4 Artificial Barricade. See 3.3.5.1. ing are stored, but in which no processing or manufac- 3.3.5 Barricade. A natural or artificial barrier that effectively curing is performed. screens a magazine, building, railway, or highway from the 3.3.9.11* Unoccupied Building. A building that is normally effects of an explosion in a magazine or building containing unoccupied during its entire period of daily operations. explosives. 3.3.5.1 Artificial Barricade. An artificial mound or reset- 3.3.10 Bulk Merchandising Retail Building, See 3.3.9.1. ted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 0.9 m (3 ft). 3.3.11 Bulk Salute. See 3.3.66.1. 3.3.5.2 Natural Barricade. A natural outdoor feature(s), 3.3.12 Bulk Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3.1. such as hills or trees, with a density sufficient to prevent 3.3.13 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. See 3.3.40.2. itt if 2003 Edition V III DEFINITIONS 1124-9 r }.T 3.: Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.1. flagration,or detonation.and that meets the definition of Con- I 1" ri Sumer Fireworks or Di.splm'Fireworks as set forth in this code. 3.3.15 Composition. {# 3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. A chemical compound or 3.3.30.1 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2, ConsarnerFimumks. 1 ! mixture, the primary or common purpose of which is to 3.3.30.2* Consumer Fireworks (Formerly Known as Common produce by explosion. Fireworks). Any small fireworks device designed primarily 3.3.15.2 Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that, to produce visible effects by combustion or deflagration upon burning, produces visible, brilliant displays, bright that complies with the construction. chemical composi- , a r ti lights.or sounds. tion,and labeling regulations of the U.S. Consumer Prod- uct Safety Commission,as set forth in Title 16, CFR, Parts 1 3.3.15.3 Whistle Composition. A pyrotechnic composition 1500 and 1507. [1123:1.4] ° s that when pressed into a tube with an open end burns in an v oscillatory manner to produce an audible effect. 3.3.30.3* Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fire- / i works). Large fireworks articles designed to produce vas- qq 3.3.16 Consumer Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2. ible or audible effects for entertainment purposes be com- i , 3.3.17 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. See 3.3.3.1. bustion,deflagration,or detonation. 1 'f 3.3.18 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. See 3.3.29.1. 3.3.30.4 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3, Display Fireworks. .1 3.3.19* Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. A temporary 3.3.31 Flame Break. A solid material without holes or other y}} or permanent building or structure that has a floor area not openings,used to retard the spread of flame. I f greater than 74 m2 (800 ft 2), other than tents, canopies, or membrane structures, that is used primarily for the retail dis- 3.3.32 Flashpowder. See 3.3.52.2. play and sale of consumer fireworks to the public. 3.3.33*Fuel. In pyrotechnics,anything combustible or acting t ' 3.3.20 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. See 3.3.9.2. as a chemical-reducing agent such as but not limited to sulfur, aluminum powder,iron powder,charcoal, magnesium,gums, 1 3.3.21 Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. and organic plastic binders. r See 3.3.9.3. 3.3.34 Covered Fuse. A fuse that is protected against acci- .3.34 Highway. Any public street. or public public alley, dental ignition by contact with a spark, smoldering item, or road. sm'vpen flame. 3.3.35 Inhabited Building. See 3.3.9.4. 3.3.‘a Display Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3. 3.3.36 Limited-Combustible Material. See 3.3.40.3. • 3.3.24 Distribution Facility. See 3.3.29.2. 3.3.37 Magazine. A building or structure, other than an ex- 3.3.25* DOT Approved Packaging. Packaging for fireworks plosives manufacturing building, approved for the storage of complying with the regulations of the U.S. Department of explosive materials. Transportation (DOT).Title 49, Part 178. 3.3.38*Manufacturing. The mixing,pressing.and loading of 3.3.26 Electric Match. An electric device that contains a small explosive or pyrotechnic compositions for the purpose of pro- amount of pyrotechnic material that ignites when current clueing fireworks or pyrotechnic articles. flows through the leads and that is used to initiate the burning 3.3.39 Manufacturing Facility. See 3.3.29.3. of pyrotechnics. 3.3.27* Explosive. Any chemical compound, mixture, or de- 3.3.40 Material. vice, the primary or common purpose of which is to function 3.3.40.1 Binary Material. See 3.3.7.Binary System. {1126:15] by explosion. 3.3.40.2* BulletSensitive Explosive Material. Explosive ma- 3.3.28 Explosive Composition. See 3.3.15.1. terial that can he detonated by 9.S-g (I50-gr) M2 ball am- 3.3.29 Facility. munition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 824 m/sec • (2700 ft/sec) where fired from a 0.30 caliber rifle at a dis- 3.3.29.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. A perma- tance of 30 in (100 ft), measured perpendicular. nent or temporary building or structure, consumer fire- works retail sales stand, tent, canopy, or membrane strut- 3.3.40.3 Limited-Combustible Material. A building cou- ture that is used primarily for the retail display and sale of struction material not complying with the definition of consumer fireworks to the public. noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is 3.3.29.2 Distribution Facility. A place where consumer fire- (8141 has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu,"lb works are received, stored, picked, packaged and packed (8141 kJ,kg), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, into shipping cartons, and shipped to other distribution Standard Test :lifetime'fur Potential Heat of Building Materials, facilities, manufacturing facilities, or consumer fireworks and complies with (ai or (b): (ai Materials having a struc- retail sales facilities or stores. tural base of noncombustible material.with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of /r in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame 0**,29.3* Manufacturing Facility. A place where fireworks, spread index not greater than 50: and (h) Materials.in the atechnic articles, or components for these devices is form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), conducted. having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor 3.3.30*Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such of producing a visible or an audible effect by combustion,de- composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting 2003 Edition 1124-10 MANUFACTURE,TRr4NSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES through the material on any plane would have neither a ing material by the manufacturer,distributor,or seller for re. flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of contin- tail display and sale as a unit. ued progressive combustion. (Materials subject to increase in combustibility or flame spread index beyond the limits 3.3.54 Process Area. See 3.3.3.2. herein established through the effects of age,moisture,or 3.3.55 Process Building. See 3.3.9.8. other atmospheric condition shall be considered combus- tib1eJ [220:2.1] 3.3.56 Public Conveyance. Any railroad car, streetcar, 3.3.40.4 Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the cab,bus,airplane.or other vehicle that carries passengerse a ke form in which it is used and under the conditions antici- hire. [495:3.3] t- or release 3.3.57 Pyrotechnic Article. A pyrotechnic device,other than a -' paced,will not ignite,burn,support flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials device classed as fireworks,for use in the entertainment industry. •k. that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Ds! 3.3.58 Pyrotechnic Composition. See 3.3.15.2. Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, shall be considered noncombustible materials. 3 *Pyrotechnic Laboratory. A building or room used for [220:2.1] research,development, or testing of chemicals,fireworks,py- 3.3.40.5*15rotechnicMaten rotechnic articles, or components containing explosive or py. Z. al(Pyrotechnic Special Effects Ma- rotechnic compositions. terial). A chemical mixture used in the entertainment in- dustry to produce visible or audible effects by combustion, 3.3.60 Pyrotechnic Material. See 3.3.40.5. deflagration,or detonation. [1126:1.5] 3.3.61 Pyrotechnic Special Effect A special effect created 3.3.41 Mechanical Building. See 3.3.9.5. through the use of pyrotechnic materials and devices.(See also 3 3.3.42 Building. D.1.42, Special Effect.)[1126:1.5] Mixing See 3.3.9.6. 3.3.43 Motor Vehicle. Any self-propelled vehicle, truck, tray 3.3.62 Pyrotechnics. Controlled exothermic chemical reac- dons that are timed to create the effects of heat,gas,sound, tor, semitrailer, or truck-trailer combination used for the hwa dispersion of aerosols, emission of visible electromagnetic - - transportation of freight over public hi g ys. [495:3.3] diction,or a combination of these effects to provide the maxi- , 3.3.44 Natural Barricade. See 3.3.5.2. mum effect from the least volume. [1126:1.5] 32.45 Noncombustible Material. See 3.3.40.4. 3.3.63 Railway. Any steam, electric, diesel-electric, or other — railroad or railway that carries passengers for hire on the par- 3.3.46 Nonprocess Building, See 3.3.9.7. dcular line or vicinity of a pyrotechnics manu- 3.3.47*Novelties and'Dick Noisemakers. Small devices con- facturing or storage facility. taining limited amounts of pyrotechnic explosive or composi- tion that produce a visible or an audible effect. to the public within a mercantile occupancy. 3.3.64 Retail Sales. The retail display and sale of merchan- dise 3.3.48* Oxidizer. Usually an oxygen-rich, conically bonded chemical that decomposes at moderate to high temperatures. 3.3.65 Rocket A pyrotechnic device that moves by the ejection 3.3.49 Permanent As applied tod buildings or structures: a of matter produced by the internal combustion of propellants. 3.3.66 Salute. A display firework that is designed to produce building or structure affixed to a foundation on a site and having fixed utility connections,that is intended to remain on a loud report. the site for more than 180 consecutive calendar days. 3.3.66.1 Bulk Salute. A collection of salutes or salute com- 3.3.50 Person. An individual, affirm, acopartnership, a cor- ponents containing more than 2 lb (0.9 kg) of salute pow- poration, a company, an association, or a joint-stock associa- der, unless the salutes are mixed with other types of aerial lion,including any trustee,receiver,assignee,or personal rep- shells so that the total quantity of salutes to other rapes of resentative thereof. shells is less than 50 percent in a single magazine. 3.3.51 Pest Control Device. An explosive device used to con- 3.3.67 Salute Powder. See 3.3.52.3. trol animal pests. 3.3.68 Screen Barricade. See 3.3.5.3. 3.3.52 Powder. 3.3.69 Shipping Building. See 3.3.9.9. 3.3.52.1 Black Powder A low explosive consisting of an in- 3.3.70 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.4. timate mixture of potassium or sodium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. [1126:1.3] 3.3.71* Stars. Small masses of pyrotechnic compounds that are projected from aerial shells, mines,or roman candles. 3.3.52.2 Flashpowder. See 3.3.52.3. 3.3.52.3 Salute Powder. An explosive composition that 3.3.72 Storage Building, See 3.3.9.10. building classified as a mercantile occupancy makes a loud report when ignited and constitutes the sole 3.3.73*Store. A that contains a variety of merchandise and that is not used pyrotechnic mixture in a salute. 3.3.52.3.1 Bulk Salute Pounder. A quantity of salute powder primarily for the retail sales of consumer fireworks. 3.3.74 Temporary. As applied to buildings or structures: a in an amount exceeding 0.45 kg (1 lb). 3.3.53* Fireworks Meuchan building or structure not meeting the definition for perms- . Pd Merchandise. Aconsumer fire- nent structure [101:3.3]. As applied to electrical power and ,1 works device or group of consumer fireworks devices that has wiring: electrical service in use or in place for a period of 90 been packaged within an unperforated container or packag- consecutive calendar days or less. [70:305] 2003 Edition v'.N `_ r MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-11 f E 75 Unoccupied Building. See 3.3.9.11. 4.2.2 The issuing authority shall be notified immediately of any i g 3'3' change of business name,controlling ownership.or address. 31.76 Whistle Composition. See 3.3.15.3. q,3 Recordkeeping and Reporting. 4.3.1 Record Maintenance. I Chapter 4 Manufacturing Operations 4.3.1.1 Manufacturers shall maintain records in compliance 4 i Applicability, with federal regulations. I 4.1.1 All manufacturing facilities shall comply with the re- 4.3.1.2 Manufacturers shall maintain records for all chemi- yuirements of this chapter. cals and chemical mixtures in compliance with the require- - 4.1.2 Manufacturing facilities shall not be required to comply menus of 29 CFR, 1910.1200,"Hazard Communication." with Sections 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and 4.10, provided that they meet 4.3.2 Record Availability. Records shall be made available to all of the following conditions the authority having jurisdiction. . I I) Manufacturing is restricted to production of custom fire- works, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) con- 4.3.2.1 Where consumer fireworks are handled exclusively, raining pyrotechnic or explosive materials that are not for records shall be maintained for 3 years. general sale. 4.3.2.2 Records other than consumer fireworks shall be (2) The facility contains not more than 2.3 kg (5 lb) of pvro- maintained for 5 years. technic composition, of which not more than 0.23 kg (0.5 lb) is of explosive composition. 4.3.3 Loss,Theft,or Unlawful Removal of Explosive Materials. (3) All explosive and pyrotechnic compositions are removed to a storage magazine at the end of each workday. 4.3.3.1 The loss.theft,or unlawful removal of explosive materi- als shall be reported immediately to the nearest office of the Bo- 4.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to the following operations rear of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms,U.S. Department of the performed in a separate building or area and shall not be Treasury,and to local law enforcement authorities. considered fireworks manufacturing: 4.3.3.2 The loss,theft or removal of consumer fireworks shall (1) assembly of display pieces from finished fireworks, gyro- technic articles,and fuse classified as UN 0336,UN 0337, not be required to be reported. I UN 0431,and UN 0432 4.4 Site Security. (2) Minor repairs or modification of finished fireworks not involving exposed pyrotechnic material 4.4.1 General. All plant buildings containing pyrotechnic (3) Picking and packaging finished fireworks into packages composition, explosive composition, or fireworks shall be including assortments locked at the end of the workday and whenever plant person- (4) Packing packages and assortments into DOT approved nel are not present, to provide security. packaging. (5) The attachment of a match or fuse and minor repairs to 4.4.2 Plant Access. display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles 4.4.2.1 All roads leading into the plant shall be provided with 4.2 Permit Requirements.The manufacture of any fireworks gates that shall be kept closed and locked at all dines when not shall be prohibited unless authorized by federal license,where used for entry or exit. required,and conducted in accordance with this code. q4.4.2.2 Vehicle access to the plant shall be restricted to road- 4.2.1 Persons engaged in the business of importing, mane- ways by means of a fence, natural barriers such as trees. and facturing,or dealing in fireworks shall meet both of the follow- culverts,or by other means. ing requirements: (11 They shall possess a valid federal license or permit.where 4.4.2.3 If the main plant entrance is in full view of and under the observation of an authorized responsible employee or required by Title XI, "Regulation of Explosives, of the uurd, the main plant entrance shall he penn[[[ed to be left Crime Control Act of 1970" (18. USC. Chapter 40. "Im- during regularo operating hours. portation, Manufacture, Distribution. and Storage of Ex- open g plant P plosive Materials") 4.4.2.4 Only authorized employees or representatives of fed- (2) They shall comply with all applicable state and local laws eral state.or local agencies having jurisdiction over the plant and regulations. shall he permitted inside the plant without special permission 4.2.1.1 Copies of all required licenses and permits shall be of the person in charge. posted at each manufacturing facility. 4.4.3 Signage.Conspicuous signs drat read as follows shall he 4.2.1.1.1 License and permit holders shall protect licenses posted at the entrance and along,the fence or barrier: and permits from loss, theft, defacement, destruction, or un- authorized duplication. \\'ARNING—NO SMOKING—NO TRESPASSING ..,-- 4.2.1.1.2 Any loss, theft, defacement. destruction, or unau- 4.5 Construction. thorized duplication of a license or permit shall hr reported immediately to the issuing authority. 4.5.1 Process Building. 4.2.1.2 Licenses or permits shall not he assigned or vans- 4.5.1.1 Process buildings shall he single-story buildings and ferred. shall not have basements. 2003 Edition i Pr ,, 1124-12 MANUFACTURE TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FlREWORRS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES a H, d e9' ];: 4.5.1.2 Wall joints and openings for wiring, plumbing, and t st fades i gin whcesich in xploio of shall be provided other utilities shall be sealed to prevent the entry of dusts. for buildings in which an explosion hazard exists. 4.5.1.3 Horizontal ledges and surfaces upon which dust can 4.5.6 Means of Egress. settle and accumulate shall be minimized. 4.5.2*Hoots and Work Surfaces. 4.5.6.1 Means of egress in all buildings shall comply with ap_ plicable requirements of NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. 4.5.2.1 Floors and work surfaces shall not have cracks or crev- 4.5.6.2 Means of egress in process buildings also shall comply ices in which explosives or pyrotechnic compositions can with the following requirements: lodge. and work mixing and loading build- (1) At least two remotely located means of egress shall be pro- of de from every point in every undivided floor area of 4.5.2.2 5 for Floors r powder shall surfaces inmixing conductive materials. more than 9 m2 (100 ft2). 4.5.2.3 Conductive footwear or other grounding techniques (2) Where process buildings are divided into rooms,means of for personnel shall be used wherever exposed salute powder is egress shall be as follows: present. (a) At least two means of escape shall be provided from j 4.5.3 Heating, each room of more than 9 m2(100 ft2). Ling,Lighting,and Electrical Equipment. (b) Toilet rooms shall be permitted to have only one 4.5.3.1 Stoves,exposed flames,and portable electric heaters means of egress,provided that they are located away ii shall be prohibited in any building where fireworks,fireworks from or shielded from process areas. components,or flammable liquids are or can be present. (3) An unobstructed means of egress shall be located so that 4.5.3.2 Heating shall be provided by steam, hot water, indi- every point within the room or undivided floor area is "'[thin 7.6 m (25 ft:) of a means of egress. rect hot air radiators, or any other means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. (4) Exit doors shall open outward and shall be capable of being pressure actuated from the inside. 4.5.3.3 Unit heaters located in buildings that contain exposed 4.6 Magazine Construction—General. explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be equipped with mo- tors and electrical devices for use in hazardous locations in accor- 4.6.1 General. dance with Article 502 of NFPA 70,National Electrical Code®. 4.6.1.1 Magazines shall be constructed to comply with Sec- 4.5.3.4 All wiring,switches,and electrical fixtures in process don 4.6 or in a manner equivalent to the requirements of buildings shall meet the requirements for hazardous locations Section 4.6. in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®. 4.6.1.2 The ground around magazines shall be graded so that water drains away from the magazine. 4.5.3.4.1 Portable lighting equipment shall not be used, un- 4.6.1.3 Exposed ferrous metal shall not be permitted on the less both of the following criteria are met: interior (1) Listed portable lighting equipment shall be permitted to stored within.of magazine where it might contact material be used during repair operations. (2) The repair operations area shall be cleared of all pyro- 4.6.2 Heating. technic or explosive material,and all dust or residue shall 4.6.2.1 The area between the heating unit and the magazine be removed before portable lighting equipment is used. shall be cleared of all combustible materials. • 4.5.3.4.2 All presses and other such mechanical devices used in the vicinity of exposed explosive or pyrotechnic composi- h. t w2 Magazines heating requiring heat shall be heated ui ibyn either don shall be electrically bonded and grounded. hot-water radiant within the magazine building or by indirect warm-air heating. 4.5.3.5 MI artificial lighting shall be electrically powered. 4.6.2.3 Indirect warm air shall be heated by either hot-water 4.5.4 Static Discharge. coils or low-pressure [103 kPa (15 psig) or less] steam coils 4.5.4.1 A means for discha n� located outside the magazine building. rgi g static shall be provided at the entrance to all mixing, pressing,and loading buildings where 4.6.2.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following exposed salute powder is present. requirements: 4.5.4.2 All personnel entering the buildings described in (1) Radiant heating coils within the building shall be installed 4.5.4.1 shall utilize the means required by 4.5.4.1. so that explosive materials or their containers cannot con- 4.5.5 Explosion Relief. tact the coils and so that air is free to circulate between the coils and the explosives. { 4.5.5.1* Provision of explosion relief, by means of pressure- (2) The surface temperature of radiant heating coils shall not 1 relieving construction or explosion vents,shall be considered exceed 74°C (165°F). !t for each process building in which an explosion hazard exists. (3) Heating ducts shall he installed so that the hot air dis- charge 4.5.5.2 Where climatic conditions (or local building code from the ducts is not directed against explosive re- materials or their containers. quirements) prevent the use of pressure-relieving construe- (4) The heating system shall he controlled so that the ambi- tion or explosion vents, alternate methods of protecting ent temperature of the magazine does not exceed 54°C nearby buildings such as,but not limited to,screen-type barri- (130°F). 4i 2003 Edition MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-13 • , Any electric fan or pump used in the heating system shall (1) Walls and doors shall be bullet resistant and shall be con- • he located outside the magazine,separate from the maga- structed in accordance with any of the specifications in zine walls,and shall be grounded. Annex B. ri, Anv electric motor and any controls for electric heating (2) The roof shall be constructed of any type of structurally devices used to heat water or produce steam shall have sound material that is or has been made fire resistant on overload devices and disconnects that comply with the exterior. NFP.k 70, National Electrical Code®. (3)'"Where the natural terrain around a Type I magazine 7) All electrical switchgear shall be located at least 7.6 m makes it possible for a bullet to be shot through the roof (25 ft) from the magazine. and ceiling at such an angle that the bullet can strike the 8) Any fuel-fired heating source for the hot water or steam explosive materials within, either the roof or the ceiling shall he separated from the magazine by a distance of not shall be of bullet-resistant construction. less than 7.6 m (25 ft). (4) The foundation shall be enclosed completely, and the ,u) Explosive materials stored in magazines shall be arranged following requirements also shall apply: so that uniform circulation of air is ensured. (a) A wood foundation enclosure shall he covered on 4.6.3 Lighting. the exterior with not less than 26-gauge metal. (h) Openings provided for cross ventilation on the exte- 4.6.3.1 Where lighting is necessary within the magazine, the riot of a wood foundation enclosure shall not be • following sources of lighting shall be permitted: required to be covered with 26gauge metal. (I) Electric safety flashlights (5) The floor shall be constructed of wood or other equiva- (2) Electric safety lanterns lent material. (3) Chemiluminescent lighting (6) Floors constructed of materials that can cause sparks , (4) Electric light source outside the magazine that is aimed at shall meet one of the following requirements: the entrance (a) They shall he covered with a nonsparking surface. 4.6.3.2 Where electric lighting is used within a magazine,the (h) The packages of explosive material shall be packed installation shall meet the following requirements for hazard- on pallets of nonsparking material. ous locations in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical (7) Type 1 magazines shall be ventilated to prevent damp- Codeg: ness or heating of explosives,and the following require- ((,1 Junction boxes containing fuses or circuit breakers and ments also shall apply: electrical disconnects shall be located at least 7.6 m (25 ft) (a) Ventilation openings shall be screened to prevent from the magazine. entrance of sparks. (2) Junction boxes located within the magazine shall not have (h) Ventilators in sidewalls shall he offset or shielded. openings and shall be equipped with close-fitting covers. (c) Magazines with foundation and roof ventilators, (3) Disconnects,fuses,and circuit breakers shall be protected with air circulating between the sidewalls and floor by a voltage surge arrester capable of handling 2500 am- and between the sidewalls and ceiling, shall have a peres for 0.1 seconds. wood-lattice lining or equivalent means to prevent (4) All wiring from switches, both inside and outside the packages from being stacked against the sidewalls magazine,shall be installed in rigid conduit. and blocking air circulation. (5) Wiring from switches located inside and outside the (d) Magazines specified in-t., 1)7)(c) shall be provided magazine that leads into the magazine shall be installed with 50.8-mm (2-in.) air space between the sidewalls • underground and the floor. (6) Conduit and light fixtures inside the magazine shall be protected from physical damage by guards or by location. (8) Each door of the magazine shall be equipped with one of • (7) Light fixtures shall be enclosed to prevent sparks or hot the following locking systems: metal from falling on the floor or onto material stored in (a) Two mortise locks the magazine. (b) Two padlocks in separate hasps and staples (8) Lights inside magazines shall not be left on when the (c) Amortise lock and a padlock magazines are unattended. (d) A mortise lock that needs two keys to be opened 4.6.4 Ventilation. (e) A three-point lock or an equivalent lock that secures the door to the frame at more than one point 4.6.4.1 Where required in the magazine,ventilation shall be (9) Padlocks shall comply with all of the following require- provided to protect the stored materials for the specific area in which the plant is located. men ts: (a) They shall he made of steel. 4.6.4.2 Stored materials shall be placed so that they do not rb They shall have at least Five [amblers. interfere with ventilation and to prevent contact with masonry (c) They shall have at least a 0.5-mini )lA -in.), case- walls,steel,or other ferrous metal by means of a nonsparking • hardened shackle. lattice or equivalent lining. (d) They shall be protected by steel hoods installed to 4.7 Magazine Construction — Requirements for Specific discourage the insertion of bolt cutters. res. (10) Doors secured by an internal bolt shall not require addi- 4.7.1 Type 1 Magazine. AType 1 magazine shall be a perma- tioual locking devices. nent structure,such as a building or igloo, that is bullet resis- (I 1) Hinges .md hasps shall he fastened securely to the tant,fire resistant,theft resistant,weather resistant,and venti- magazine. lated and shall comply with the following: (12) All locking hanhvare shall be secured to the door frame. 2003 Edition r,- 9 1124-14 MANUFACTURE.TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL ARTICLES SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC sa t 4.7.2 Type 2 Magazine. (a) They shall be of 12-gauge sheet metal. = 4.7.2.1 General.AType 2 magazine shall be a portable or mo- .. (b) They shall be lined with a nonsparking material. bile structure, such as a box, skid-magazine, trailer, or semi- (c) The edges of metal covers shall overlap the sides bvu least 25.4 mm (1 in.). Si trailer that is fire resistant, theft resistant, weather resistant, I and ventilated. 4.7.3 Type 3 Magazine.A Type 3 magazine (day box)shaft be a - the with 4.7.2.2 Bullet Resistance.Type 2 magazines shall be bullet re- portable structure that is fire resistant, theft resistant, amsistant if used for outdoor storage. weather resistant,and shall comply following r ' % P ovisiott>; rt` 4.7.2.3 Type 2 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 2 outdoor maga- (1) The magazine shall be equipped with a five-tumbler Ti zine shall comply with the following requirements: padlock. (1) The walls and roof or ceiling shall he constructed accord- (2) requirementsnstrneted of wood shall meet the following ing to the provisions of 4.7.1(1), (2),and (3). (a) They shall have sides,bottoms,and covers or doors (2) The doors shall be constructed as follows: 101,tram (4 in..) hardwood that are braced at the (a) They shall be made of metal, constructed in accor- corners. f dance with the provisions of 4.7.1(1). (b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less r1. (b) They shall have a metal exterior with an inner door than 26 gauge. ,r- meeting the provisions of 4.7.1(1).( ) (c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazine shall be (3) Floors constructed of ferrous metal shall be covered with countersunk. a nonsparking surface. (3) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the require- (4) A top-opening magazine shall have a lid that overlaps the menu of 4.7.2.4(5). sides by at least 25.4 mm (1 in.)when in the closed position. q` (5) The magazine shall he supported so that its floor does not 4.7.4 Type 4 Magazine. eA Type 4 magazine shall be a pet-ma- contact the ground directly. Went, portable, or mobile structure such as a building,igloo, (6) Magazines less than 0.77 m3 (3 fts) in size shall be fax- box, semitrailer, or other mobile container that is fire resin- . tened securely to a fixed object to prevent theft of the rant, theft resistant, and weather resistant. entire magazine. 4.7.4.1 Type 4 Outdoor Magazine. maga- (7) Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hardware shall comply zine shall comply with the foll owiing provisions outdoor with 4.7.1(8), excluding padlocks on vehicular maga- zines, which are not required to be protected by steel (1) The magazine shall be constructed of the following: hoods. (a) Masonry (8) Wherever a vehicular magazine is left unattended,one of (b) Wood covered with sheet metal,fabricated metal,ora the following actions shall be taken: combination of these materials (a) The wheels shall be removed. (2) Doors shall be metal or wood covered with metal. (b) The kingpins shall be locked. (3) Permanent magazines shall comply with 4.7.1(4).(7),and (c) The vehicular magazine shall be otherwise immob- (8). ilized. (4) Vehicular magazines shall comply with 4.7.2.3(7) and 4.7.2.4 Type 2 Indoor Magazines.A Type 2 indoor ma azine shall he immobilized where unattended, as described in shall comply with the following provisions: g 4.7.2.3(8). 4.7.4.2 Type 4 Indoor Magazine. A Type 4 indoor magazine (1) The magazine shall have substantial wheels or casters to shall comply with all the provisions of 4.7.2.4. facilitate removal from the building in case of emergency. (2) The cover of the magazine shall have substantial strap 4.8 Construction of Storage Buildings for Consumer Fire- hinges,and a means for locking shall he provided as follows: works. (a) The magazine shall he kept locked with a five-tumbler 4.8.1 General. Consumer fireworks storage shall comply with padlock or its equivalent. the following: (b) The magazine shall be permitted to be unlocked dur- (1) Storage shall be in a building,igloo,trailer,semitrailer,or ing the placement or removal of explosive materials. (3) The magazine shall be painted red,and the top shall bear metal shipping container. the following words in white letters at least 76.2 mm (2) Storage shall be constructed to resist fire from an external (3 in.) high: source and to be weather-resistant and theft-resistant. EXPLOSIVES—KEEP FIRE AWAY 4.8.2 Openings.All openings shall he equipped with a means (4) Magazines constructed of wood shall meet the following for locking. requirements: (a) They shall have sides, bottoms,and covers or doors 4.8.2.1 Means of egress in all buildings shall comply with ap- plicable requirements of NFP.A 101®, Life Safety Code". corners. 4.8.2.2 Trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping (b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less that are not normally occupied shall not be prequired to com- than 26 gauge. ply with NFPA JOL®, Life Safety Code®. q (c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazines shall be countersunk. 4.8.3 Doors. (5) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the following 4.8.3.1 All doors shall open outward, and all exits shall be :. requirements: marked. g5 2003 Edition r11.0 MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-15 ,....--- J.3.2 Aisles and exit doors shall he kept free of ohstruc- (3) Other equivalent material 'ions. 4.9.1.2.2 The screen barrier shall extend from floor level to a y 8,3,3 Doors shall be equipped with panic hardware. height such that a straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of the donor building to the cave line of any exposed 4.3.3.4 Doors shall be unlocked during operation. building intercepts the screen at a point not less than 1.5 m y 8,3.5 Trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping containers (5 ft) from the top of the screen. ,hat are not normally occupied shall be permitted to be locked 4.9.1.2.3 The top 1.5 m (5 ft) of the screen barrier shall in- juring operation. cline toward the donor building at an angle of 30 degrees to 4.8.4 Building Specifications. Buildings used for the storage 45 degrees. .,i consumer fireworks shall meet all of the following criteria: 4.9.2 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Process I) They shall be nonresidential. Buildings and Areas. 2) They shall not exceed one story. 4.9.2.1 Process buildings and areas shall be separated from ,3) They shall not have basements. other process buildings and areas and from nonprocess build- 4.8.4.1 Consumer fireworks stored in a building that is also ings in accordance with the distances specified in Table used for other purposes shall be stored in a room or area used 4.9.2.1. exclusively for the storage of consumer fireworks. 4.9.2.2 A maximum of 227 kg (500 Ib) of in-process composi- 4.8.4.2 The interior walls of the rooms required by 4.8.4.1 tion,in loose form or in partially assembled display fireworks. shall have a minimum fire resistance rating of 1 hour and shall be permitted in any process building or area. doors with a fire resistance rating of 45 minutes. 4.9.2.3 Finished display fireworks shall not be stored in a pro- 4.8.4.3 Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- cess building. (See Section 4.10.) don, noncombustible materials shall be permitted to be stored in the same room or area with consumer fireworks. 4.9.2.4 A maximum of 4.5 kg (10 Ib) of salute powder, in loose form or in assembled units, shall be permitted in any 4.8.5 Electrical Requirements. process building or area. 4.8.5.1 All electrical fixtures and wiring for storage buildings 4.9.2.5 Quantities of loose salute powder in excess of 4.5 kg shall comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code'. (10 lb) shall be kept in an approved magazine. 4.5.1.1 All electrical fixtures in storage buildings at fire- 4.9.2.6 The minimum separation distance for in-process con- .orks manufacturing plants shall be dust-tight. sumer fireworks or pyrotechnic articles shall be as follows: 4.8.5.1.2 Electrical receptacles or unguarded light fixtures (1) The minimum separation distance of 11 m (37 ft) for in- shall not be permitted within 7.6 in (25 ft) of any fireworks. process consumer fireworks or pyrotechnic articles shall 4.8.5.1.3 Light fixtures within 7.6 m (25 ft) of any fireworks apply only to 45 kg (100 Ib) of loose powder or stars. shall have guards. (2) If a quantity of loose powder or stars greater than 45 kg (100 lb) is present. the minimum separation distances in 4.8.5.2 All electrical wiring shall comply with Article 502 of Table 4.9.2.1 for in-process display fireworks shall be used. NEPA 70, National Electrical Code'. 4.9.3 Separation Distances for Process Buildings and Areas 4.8.5.3 An electrical disconnect shall be located outside each from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public High- storage building,and the disconnect shall he arranged to de- ways,Magazines,and Shipping and Storage Buildings.Process energize all electrical power to the building. buildings and areas shall be separated from :he following m 4.8.5.4 No extension cords or other temporary wiring shall accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.3: he permitted within 7.6 m (25 ft) of any stored consumer fire- (1) Inhabited buildings works. (2) Passenger railways 4.9 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables. (3) Public highways (4) Magazines • 4.9.1 General. (5) Display fireworks shipping buildings • 4.9.1.1 Barricades.To be effective,a barricade shall be of such (6) Consumer fireworks storage buildings height that one of the following passes through the barricade: 4,9,3.1* The distances in Table 4.9.3 shall apply to process (I) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a buildings and areas with or without barricades or screen-ripe magazine or building containing explosives to the ease barricades. line of any magazine or building 4.9.3.2 Table 4.9.3 shall not apply to the separation distances (2) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a between process buildings or areas (see Table 4.9.2.1), be- magazine or building containing explosives to a point tween magazines (see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.5), and 3.7 m (12 ft) above the center of a railway or highway between storage buildings (see Table 49.61. 4.9.1.2 Screen Barricades. 4.9.3.3 A maximum of 227 kg (500 lbl of in-process composi- 9.1.2.1 Screen barricades shall be permitted to be con- Lion,in loose form or ill partially assembled display fireworks. strutted of one of the following: shall he permitted in any process building or area. (1) Metal roofing 4.9.3.4 Finished display fireworks shall not he stored in a pro- (2) 6 mm to 13 mm (0.25 in. to 0.5 in.) mesh screen cess building. (See Sertion 4.10.. 2003 Edition 1124-16 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES s " -- Table 4.9.2.1 Minimum Separation Distances Between Process Buildings and Areas and Distances Between Process and ' Nonpmcess Buildings and Areas m t. In-Process Display In-Process Consumer Net Weight of Fireworks' In-Process Display Fireworks or Pyrotechnic without Barricades with Barricades Articlesr's kg lb m ft m ft m ft V >Oto≤45 >0to≤ 100 35 z >45to≤91 114 17 57 11 37 > 100 to≤200 42 138 21 69 x >91to≤ 136 >200to≤300 4711 37 fiu >136to≤ 181 > < 154 0 23 85 11 37 300 to_400 170 > 181 to≤227 52 26 85 11 37 ;: >400 to≤500 55 182 28 91>227 to≤454 >500 to≤1000 NP 11 37 NP 11 37 '. NP NP 11 37 >454 to≤907 > 1000 to≤2000 >907 to≤1361 >2000 to≤3000 NPNP NP 15 48 > 1361 to≤ 1814 >3000 to≤4000 > 1814 >4000 NP NP 20NP 18 60 67 "1e'' NP:Not permitted. Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only. tt:` 2 For maximum quantity of pyrotechnic composition permitted in a pyrotechnics laboratory,ry,see 4.9.9.3. 'See 4.9.2.6(1). Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited Buildings,Passenger Railways,Public Highways,Manufacturing Facility Magazines and Shipping Buildings,and Storage Buildings for Consumer Fireworks Net Weight of Fireworks` In-Process Consumer Fireworks or In-Process Display Fireworksz Pyrotechnic Articles kg lb m ft m ft >0to≤45 >0to≤ 100 61 200 >45to≤227 > 100to≤500 61 7.6 Y0 ' >227 to≤454 >500 to≤ 1000 200 23 30 N P 2>454 to≤907 > 1000 to≤2000 3 i 5 NP 30>907to≤ 1361 >`2000 to≤3000 NP 35 100 1 >1361 to≤1814 >3000 to≤4000 NP 124 38 13> 1814 >4000 NP0 40 130 NP:Not permitted. Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only. 2 For information on the separation distances between process buildings see Table 4.9.2.1,between magazines see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.5,and between storage buildings see Table 1.9,6. 4.9.3.5 A maximum of 4.5 kg (10 lb) of salute powder,either 4.9.4.2 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1.a shipping in loose form or in assembled units,shall be permitted in any building for display fireworks shall he considered a magazine. process building or area at one time. 4.9.3.6 Quantities of salute powder in excess of 4.5 kg I 4.9.4.3 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1.the follow- 0 shall be kept in an approved magazine. mg criteria shall he met: 4.9.4 Separation Distances and (I) Display fireworks shipping buildings shall meet the same P Quantity Tables for Maga- distance requirements as magazines. zines for the Storage of Display Fireworks and Components (2) All compositions not in current use shall be kept in cov- for Display Fireworks, Loose Pyrotechnic Composition, and ered,nonferrous containers,unless such composition has Stars. been loaded or pressed into tubes or other containers as 4.9.4.1 Magazines for the storage of display fireworks and consumer fireworks. components for display fireworks,loose pyrotechnic composi- 4.9.4.4 At a fireworks plant,tip to 22.7 kg(501b) ofpTotech- don, and stars shall be separated from inhabited buildings, nic composition or display fireworks shall be permitted to be passenger railways, public highways, and other magazines in stored in a Type 2 or a Type 4 indoor magazine in any process accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1. building. 2003 Edition As MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-17 Table 4.9.4.1 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Display Fireworks Except Bulk Salutes,at Fireworks • ylanufacturing Plants from Passenger Railways,Public Highways,Fireworks Magazines and Shipping Buildings,Storage I Buildings,and Inhabited Buildings - In-Process Consumer Fireworks or • S Net Weight of Fireworks* In-Process Display Fireworks Pyrotechnic Articles 5 k lb m ft m ft g ` >0 to≤454 >0 to≤ 100 46 150 30 100 >454 to≤2,268 > 1.000 to≤5.000 70 230 46 150 200 >2,268 to≤4,536 >5,000 to≤ 10.000 91 300 61 >4,536 >10,000 See Table 4.9.4.5. *Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive compositions and fuse only. • 4.9.4.5 Magazines for the storage of bulk salute powder and 4.9.8.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic com- L bulk salutes shall comply with Table 4.9.4.5. position stored in the group of buildings shall be used to g de- termine the minimum separation distances of each building 4.9.4.6 For fireworks storage magazines in active use prior to in the group from inhabited buildings. passenger railways, March 7, 1990, the distances in Table 4.9.4.1 shall be permit- public highways,and other magazines and storage buildings. • ted to be halved, provided that earthen barricades are used 4.9.8.3 No minimum separation distance shall be required F between the magazine and potential receptor sites. for process buildings,magazines.or storage buildings within a group. 4.9.4.7 Table 4.9.4.1 shall not apply to the storage of bulk salute powder or to the storage of shipping cartons or storage 4 9 9 Pyrotechnic laboratories. containers that primarily contain salutes or salute compo- nents. (See Table 4.9.4.5 for bulk salute powder and bulk salute star- 4.9.9.1 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall be considered process (g age requirements.) buildings for consumer fireworks for the purpose of separa- 4.9.5 Magazines Containing Salute Powder and Salutes. tion distances. Magazines containing salute powder and salutes shall be sepa- 4.9.9.2 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall be considered to be I rated from each other and from inhabited buildings, public nonprocess buildings with respect to the other requirements i highways, and passenger railways in accordance with the dis- of this code. I tances specified in Table 4.9.4.5. 4.9.9.3 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall not contain more 4.9.6 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Storage than 4.5 kg (10 lb) of pyrotechnic composition and not Buildings for Consumer Fireworks.Storage buildings for con- more than 0.23 kg (0.5 Ih) of salute powder, provided that I sumer fireworks located at fireworks manufacturing facilities all fireworks and pyrotechnic composition are stored prop- ] shall be separated from inhabited buildings. passenger rail- erly when not m use. 11 wars, public highways, and other storage buildings in 4.10* Maximum Number of Occupants and Maximum Quan- dance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.6. tity Limitations.Not more than 227 kg(500 lb) of pyrotechnic 4.9.7 Groups of Buildings. or explosive composition shall be permitted at one time in ally process building or area. 4.9.7.1 If any process building is separated from any other process or nonprocess building by less than the distance speci- 4.11 Operations. tied in Table 4.9.2.1, two or more such buildings, as a group, 4.11.1 The requirements of 27 CFR, 55. Bureau of Alcohol. shall be considered to be one building. Tobacco and Firearms, for transfer of the following from pro- • 4.9.7.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic corn- cess buildings to magazines at the conclusion of daily opera- I position in the group of buildings specified in 4.9.7.1 shall not on shall be racy exceed 227 kg (500 lb) or shall not exceed 4.5 kg (10 lb) offi (l) Dry explosive powders and mixtures salute powder. (2) Partially assembled display fireworks 4.9.7.3 Each building in the group shall otherwise comply (3) Finished display fireworks with the separation distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1 and 4.11.2* Unless a ariancc from the requirement of 4.11.1 has Table 4.9.3. been issued in writing to a manufacturer by the Bureau of -Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms,all dry explosive powders and 4.9.7.4 Unoccupied buildings at manufacturing facilities mixtures, partially assembled display fireworks, and finished shall not be subject to the separation distance requirements of display fireworks shall be transferred from process buildings Section 4.9. to magazines at the conclusion of daily operation. 4.9.8 Magazine Groups. 4.12 Fire and Explosion Prevention. 4.9.8.1 If any two or more magazines or storage buildings are },12.1 Rubbish.Spills,and Waste Disposal. separated by less than the distances specified in Table 49.4.1. Table 4.9.4.5,or Table 4.9.6,two or more such structures shall 4.12.1.1 All buildings shall he kept clean and orderly, and be considered to be one magazine Ill- building. dust or rubbish shall he kept to a minimum. t 2003 Edition • 1124-18 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES Table 4.9.4.5 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salute Powder and Bulk Salutes mil, Distances(ft) < Passenger Railways—Public - 4 Quantity of Explosive Highways with Traffic Volume t .sn Public Highways of More than 3,000 Materials Inhabited Buildings' Class A to D�1 on of Vehicles/Dayio.0 M Maagaziazines" Pounds Pounds Not Unborn- Unbarri- Over Over Bamcadeds'°'s Unbarri- raded Barricadeda,Ae aided caded Barricadeds.r.° coded Barricadedeam F 0 5 70 140 30 ended 90 60 5 10 180 35 70 �� 102 6 12 10 20 110 220 45 90 1_2 8 l0 20 30 125 250 81 1p > 22 30 40 140 50 100 93 186 11 280 55 110 103 206 12 24 - t 4050 750 300 60 120 - F 50 75 170 340 110 220 14 28 70 140 100 190 380 75127 254 16 30 i 'I • 75 125 200 400150 139 278 16 32 125 150 215 430 80 160 150 300 1 18 38 ) 100 ..y 170 159 318 19 38 iI 150 200 235 470 95 200 250 255 510 105 190 175 350 21 42 f 250 300 270 540 110 210 189 378 23 46 }, 220 201 402 24 48 300 400 295 590 120 240 400 500 320 640 130 260 221 442 Y7 54 238 476 500 600 340 680 29 58 k 700 135 270 600 355 710 145 290 253 506 31 62 700 800 375 750 150 266 278 532 32 3 64 e 900 300 800 390 780 155556 33 66 900 1,000 400 800 160 320 289 578 35 70 300 600 36 72 1,000 1.200 425 850 1,200 1,400 450 9U0 340 165 330 318 636 39 336 672 41 82 17078 i 175 1,400 1,600 470 940 1,600 1,800 490 980 350 361 702 43 86 1,800 2,000 505 1,010180 360 366 7 {5 44 y1 s 185 370 37888 756 i 2.000 2.300 545 1.090 • 2,500 3,000 190 380 408 81 3.000 580 1,160 43249 98 4,000 195 390 864 635 1,270 52 8 104 4,000210 420 474 5,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 513948 58 116 450 6.000 730 1,460 235 1,026 61 122 470 546 1,092 6,000 7,000 65 130 770 1.540 245 490 8.0001.106 7,000 800 1,600 250573 68 136 8,000 9,000 500 600 1.200 835 1.67072 144 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 510 645 1 290 75 150 260 520 645 1.290 10,000 12,000 875 1.75078 156 270 540 687 1.374 82 164 • 12.000 14.000 885 1,770 275 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 550 723 1,446 87 174 560 756 1.512 90 188 16,000 18.000 940 1.880 285 580 786 1,572 94 188 18,000 24 290 000 975 1,950 20.000 25.000 1,055 2.000 580 813 1,626 98 210 315 630 876 1.752 25,000 30,000 112 224 1.130 2.000 340 680 933 30,000 35,000 1,205 380 720 981 1,962 119 238 • 2,000 1,962 112 224 35,000 40,000 1,275 2.000 40.001 45,000 380 760 1.026 2.000 129 2248 1 58 1.340 P,00) 800 45.000420 1.10N 50,000 1,400 2.111 420 840 2.000 129 25g 50,000 1.11+ 2.1110 135 270 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 55,000 60,000 1.515 2,000 455 1.140 2.000 145 280 910 1,106 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 2.00 145 290 470 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000485 940 1,206 2.000 155 263 2.000 155 31 310 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 970 1. 0 I,fNA) 1.263 2,000 160 320 75,000 80,000 1,695 80,000 85,000 1.730 ,2.1 000 510 1.040 1,293 2.000 165 330 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 520 1,040 1.317 2,000 170 340 530 1,060 1,34+ 2,000 175 350 90.010 95,000 1,790 2,000 95,000 100,000 1,815 2000 54045 1,080 1,368 2,000 180 360 __ 1,090V90 1.392 2,000 185 370 2003 Edition IP MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-19 .4.9.4.5 Continued — Distances ID) Passenger Railways—Public Highways with Traffic Volume Explosive Public Highways of More than 3,000 Separation of Quantity of E Materials''LE'' Inhabited Buildings9 Class A to D" Vehicles/Da?"' Magazines'?" ------- reminds Pounds Not Unbarri- Unbarri- Unbarri- Unbarri- Over Over Barricaded`'z's caded Barricadeds'°'s caded Barricaded°"'' caded Banicadeds'''s cadet ns.n00 110,0110 1.835 2000 550 1,100 1,437 201111 195 390 110000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,1111 1,179 2000 205 410 1"0.01111 130,000 1.875 2111)0 560 1.120 1,321 2,000 215 430 • 130,0110 140,000 1,890 `_'.000 565 1,130 1,357 2,000 22 5 450 1101010 150.000 1,9110 21)011 570 1,141) 1,593 2,000 235 470 150.001) 160,000 1,935 2,0011 580 1,160 1.629 1000 245 +911 160.000 170.000 1,965 2,000 590 1,180 1.662 2,000 255 310 170.01111 180,000 1.990 2.000 600 1,201) 1.995 2.000 265 530 181.000 190.000 2.010 2.010 605 1.210 1.725 2.000 275 350 1!X)ii) 200.000 2030 2.030 610 1220 1,755 2,000 285 570 2000110 21000) 2,055 2.055 620 1.240 1,782 2,000 295 590 •"10.000 230,000 2.100 2,100 635 1.!70 1,836 2,000 315 630 230,000 250.000 2.155 2,155 650 1.300 1,890 2,000 335 670 250,000 275.000 2.215 2.215 670 1,340 1950 2,000 360 720 275.000 300,000 2,275 2.275 690 1.380 2,000 2,000 385 770 Explanatory Notes Essential to the Application of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives '"Explosive materials"means explosives,blasting agents,and detonators. '-Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture,or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion.A list of explosives determined to he within the coverage of 18 CSC,Chapter 40.'Importation.Manufacture.Distribution,and Storage of Explosive Materials:is issued at least aµupallv by the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol.Tobacco.and Firearms of the Department of the Treason.For quantity and distance purposes,detonating of 50 grains per foot should be calculated as equivalent to 8 lb(3.7 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 ft t 305 m).Heavier or lighter core loads should be ,proportionately. ''Blasting agents"means any material or mixture consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting.not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided that the finished product.as mixed for use or shipmem,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap where unconfined. "Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation.A detonator shall not he permitted to contain more than 10 g of total explosives by weight_excluding ignition or delay charges.The term includes.but is not limited to.electric blasting raps of instantaneous and delay types.blasting caps for use with safety fuses,detonating e old delay connectors,and nonelectric instantaneous and delay blasting caps that use detonating cord.shock tube or any other replacement for electric i e eg wires.All apes of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at I II" i 0.7 kg) of explosives per 1,001)caps.For strengths higher than No.S cap,consstlt the manufacturer_ "'Ylagazine"means any building,stmctore,or container_other than an explosives man ufactt wing building.approved for the•tot age of explosive materials. "Natural barricade" means natural features of the ground. such as hills. or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot he seems from the magazine when the trees are bare of leases. -Artificial barricade"means an artificial imund or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 ft 10.9 tor). "'Barricaded" means the effective screening of a building*containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building, rail's or highway by a natural or an artificial hanger..A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the rave line of any magazine or • • other building or to a point 12 ft I3 m)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier. "Itshahited building•means a building regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings.or any church.schoolhouse.railroad station. store. or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble. except anv building of sin inure m iccupterl in connection with the mauuficture. transportation.storage.or use of explosive materials. -Railway"means any stream,electric.or other railroad or railway that carries passengers for hire. "Highway"means any public street,public alley,or pull is road. II'Where two or more st0r age magazines are located on the same property.each magazine must comply with the minimum dbtances specified from inhabited buildings railways, and highways, and.in .aldition they should he separated from each other by not less than the distances sho n for "separation of magazines.• except that the quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern with regard to the spacing of the detonator magazines from magazines containing other explosive materials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified "separation of magazine •distances.then those tw'o or more m ag vines.as a group,must he considered as one magazine rod the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group must be treated:s if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any ungair vie of the zroup.and must comply with the minimum distances specified from other magazines.Inhabited buildings.railways,and 1stghwa s. II Storage in excess of 300,000 lb(136,200 kg)of explosive materials in one magazine is generally all not required for commercial enterprises. "This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials.It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporan storage necessary or incident I hereto. It is not intended to,ipph to hounds.pr out tiles,or other eas ilv encased explosives. Where a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials, sticU iuilding shall be located from inhabited buildings, public highways.and passenger railways in accordance with the Auunsams Table gt Distances based to the maximum quantin ,n explosive materials permitted to he in the building at one time. Source:The.American'fable of Distances is reproduced from the American Table of Distances for Storage of Lxph sh es as revised and.approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives ill June 1991. 2003 Edition r ,_:,,,,:„.H„,,,.. _ _ . . it 1124-20 ILANLIFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PIROTECHNIC ARTICLES kr ' Table 4.9.6 Minimum Separation Distances of Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings at Fireworks Manufac Inhabited Buildings,Magazines,Passenger Railways,Public Hi g hwa ys,and Other St turmg Plants Ng* Storage Buildings Distance from Passenger Railways, r4 Public Highways,and Other Gross Weight of Consumer Fireworks Storage Distance from Inhabited Building. Buildings and Magazines kg lb m ft , m ft 0 to 454 0 to 1,000 11 454 to 2,268 1,000 to 5,000 17 35 21 10 55 34 11 • 2,268 to 4,536 5,000 to 10,000 18 0 60 37 20 65 41 135 4,536 to 9,072 10,000 to 20,000 1120 35 9,072 to 22,680 20,000 to 50,000 24 80 49 160 22,680 to 45,360 50,000 to 100,000 Z7 90 55 1 180 45,360 100,000 and over 30 100 FF 61 200 fp 1, 1 I I 4.12.1.2 Spills of explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall 4.12.4 Clothin E be cleaned up, and materials used for cleanup shall be re- g• moved immediately from the building. 4.12.4.1 Personnel working at or supervising mixing, r g ing, and loading operations shall be provided with andpshaft t 4.12.1.3 The spilled material shall be destroyed by immer- wear cotton or other similarly protective clothing. sion in water or by burning in a manner acceptable to the 4.12.4.2 Other protective clothing,eye protection,and respp- j authority having jurisdiction. 4.12.1.4 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept story protection shall be worn as needed. separate from waste explosive or pyrotechnic materials. 4.12.4.3 Washing and changing facilities shall be provided 4.12.1.5 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept in for personnel approved,marked containers until removed from the building. ` 4.12.4.4 Work clothing shall be washed frequently to preventthe accumulation of exosive r Y 4.12.1.6 Disposal containers shall be removed from build- and shall not be worn outside the planCotechnic composition ings on a daily basis and removed from the plant at regular intervals. 4.12.5*Oxidizers, } 4.12.1.7 Waste explosive or pyrotechnic materials shall be de- 4.12.5.1 Oxidizers shall he stored to avoid contact with in- s[royed as described in 4.12.1.3. compatible materials such as ordinary combustibles, f)am- 4.12.2 Smoking Materials, mable or combustible liquids, greases, and materials that could react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its decom- 4.12.2.1 Smoking materials shall not be carried into or in the position. vicinity of process buildings. 4.12.5.2 Incompatible materials shall not include approved 4.12.2.2 Personnel shall deposit all smoking materials at a packaging materials,pallets,or other dunnage. designated location in a nonprocess building before entering 4.12.5.3 Oxidizer storage shall comply with NFPA 430, Code i 4.12.2.3*Smoking shall he permitted only in office buildings 4.12.6* Machinery and Tooling. Machinery and tooling shall } a processing plant. for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. or in buildings used exclusively as lunchrooms or rest rooms be permitted to be made of ferrous metal. (See also 4.5.3.4.2.) and in which the presence of explosive or pyrotechnic materi- als is prohibited. 4.13 Fire Protection and Emergency Plans. 4.12.2.4 Authorized smoking locations shall comply with the 4.13.1 Fire Extinguishers. following: 4.13.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall he provided in all (1) They shall be marked as smoking areas, buildings in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 10,(2) They shall contain designated receptacles for disposal of Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. smoking materials. 4.13.1.2 Fire extinguishers shall not be located in buildings (3) They shall 6e provided with at least one approved por- in which explosive or pyrotechnic mixtures are exposed. table fire extinguisher for use on Class A fires. 4.12.2.5 Personnel whose clothing is contaminated with ex- 4.13.2 Emergency Plan. plosive or pyrotechnic composition to a degree that endan- 4.13.2.1 Each plant shall have a formal emergency plan. gers personnel safety shall not be permitted in smoking areas. 4.13.2.2 An emergency warning signal shall be established. 4.12.3 Substance Abuse. No employee or other person shall 4.13.2.3 The emergency plan shall include employee instruc- bepermittedtoentertheplant while in possession of or under tion and training and shall he applicable to all anticipated the influence of alcohol,drugs,or narcotics. emergencies. tom 2003 Edition PIPI MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 1124-21 1 ^,.4 The emergency plan shall include instruction in the 4.17.3.1 No loose black powder or other exposed pyrotechnic portable fire extinguishers and the identification of composition shall he permitted in a consumer fireworks storage of building and,if discovered,it shall be removed immediately. .-vn on which they can be used. 4.13.2.5 Employees shall be instructed to abandon fire- 4.17.3.2 Storage buildings shall comply with the following i fighting efforts if the fire involves or appears likely to spread to requirements: .vylosive or pyrotechnic composition or devices, in which (1) Buildings shall be kept clean,dry,and free of grit, paper, yc employees shall evacuate the building immediately and empty used packages,and rubbish. icrt other plant personnel. (2) Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have spark- 4313 Master Electrical Disconnect. producing metal parts. (3) Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of in 413.3.1 A master electrical disconnect shall be provided at compliance with all applicable regulations. .he point where the electrical senice enters the plant. 4.17.3.3 The area around storage buildings shall be kept 4.13.3.2 The master disconnect shall be arranged to discon- clear of brush, dried vegetation, leaves, and similar combus- l aect all electrical power to the plant. tibles for a distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft). 4.13.3.3 Emergency circuits, such as the electrical supply to 4.17.4 ,MI doors shall be kept locked when the building is tire pumps or emergency lighting,shall have their own master unoccupied or unattended. disconnects. 4.17.5*Consumer fireworks shall be stored as follows: i 4.14*Testing of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. (1) Fireworks shall be stored in cartons comphing with the 4.14.1 Testing of fireworks,pyrotechnic materials,and pyro- regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation technic and explosive compositions shall be performed only (U.S. DOT),49 CFR, 178. in a building or area specifically designated for the purpose. (2) All containers shall be stacked neatly and in a stable man- ner. 4.14.2 Testing shall be conducted at a safe distance from (3) Unpackaged consumer fireworks returned to the storage other plant buildings or structures and process areas. building shall be permitted to be stored temporarily until repackaging can be performed. 4,14.3 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles,and any corn- ptaa nt(s)containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials shall be 4.17.6 Tools used for opening containers shall be nonspark- tined only in an area specifically designated by the manu- ing, unless they are metal slitters used for opening fiberboard facrurer and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. containers. 4.15 Occupancies. 4.17.7 Before repairs are performed on the interior or exte- rior of a storage building where there is a possibility of causing 4.15.1* The number of occupants in each process building sparks or fire, all fireworks shall be removed from the repair and in each magazine shall not exceed the number necessary area and the interior shall be cleaned. to conduct production operations. 4.17.8 The removal of fireworks from a storage building un- 4.15.2 The maximum number of occupants and maximum dergoing repair shall be in accordance with 5.2.12. weight of pyrotechnic and explosive composition permitted in each process building and in each magazine shall be posted in 4.17.9 The following shall not be permitted inside of a stor- a conspicuous location in each process building or magazine. age building or within 7.6 m (25 ft) of stored consumer fire- works: 4.16 Training. (1) Smoking 4.16.1 Each plant shall designate an employee as safety of- (2) Matches ficer who shall be responsible for general safety, fire preven- (3) Open flames tion and protection,and employee safety training. (4) Spark-producing devices (5) Firearms- 4.16.2 The safety officer shall provide formal instruction to all employees upon their commencing employment and at 4.17.10 Signs that read as follows in letters not less than least annually thereafter, regarding safety methods, proce- iou; mm (4 in.) high on a contrasting background shall he dures, and requirements and procedures for handling explo- conspicuously posted: sive and pyrotechnic compositions and devices. FIREWORKS—NO SMOKING 4.17 Operations in Storage Buildings. 4.17.11 No consumer fireworks shall he stored within 30.5 m 4.17.1 While in operation,storage buildings shall he under the (100 ft) of any dispensing unit for flammable liquids or gases. direct supervision of a competent person at least 21 years old who 4.17.12"Portable fire-fighting equipment shall be provided in shall be responsible for enforcing all safety precautions. consumer fireworks storage areas as required by the authority 4.1„7.2 Operations in consumer fireworks storage buildings havingjurisdiction. ' be limited to the packaging of finished fireworks into 4.17.13 The operator of each consumer fireworks storage assortment packages or shipping cartons. building shall prepare a written emergence' action plan, in 4.17.3 Housekeeping shall he performed in accordance with which employees shall he trained, that provides specific direr- the requirements of 4.17.3.1 through 4.17.3.3. dons to be followed in the event of a fire. 2003 Edition __ a 1124-22 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PSROTECHNIC ARTICLES 'a` ₹' Y _ 4.18 Work Areas in Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings- 4.19.5 Requirements for Display Fireworks Aerial D 4.18.1 For the purposes of repackaging consumer fireworks Device". *. st only,work areas shall be separated from stored consumer fire- addition to the general requirements, the requirements works by a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1 hour or by a 4P 19.5.1 through 4.195.6 shall apply to aerial devices for d minimum separation distance of 7.6 m (25 la fireworks. dir. .,,,,c... ft). 4.19.5.1 Aerial shells, mines, and comets shall be class' 4.18.2 4l'ork areas shall have an exit other than an exit and described only in terms of the inside diameter of the through the area in which consumer fireworks are stored. tar from which they are to be fired. 4 . moo 4.19 Item Construction. 4.19.1 Aerial Shells.Aerial shells shall be constructed so that 4.19.5.2 As a minimum, each shell shall be marked with the i ? following information: i they fit easily into the appropriately sized mortar,and so that (1) Size of the shell the appropriate lift charge and internal delay fuse are used to (2) Description of the type of shell propel the shell to a safe altitude before functioning. f 4.19.2 Safety Caps. Safety caps shall comply with the follow- (3) Warning statement that reads as follows: ing requirements: WARNING: DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE. IF FOUND,Do I NOT HANDLE. CONTACT LOCAL FIRE OR POLICE (1) A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the DEPARTMENT. (4) User instructions for disposal, if needed internal delay fuse. (2) The safety cap shall be of a different color than that of the 4.19.5.3 Single break aerial salute shells shall be limited to a fuse and shall be installed in such a manner that the fuse maximum size of 5 in. in diameter and length (exclusive of 1 remains undamaged when removed. propellant charge). Minimum standards of use shall include: ' (3) Electrically fired displays shall not require a safety cap, prosided that no pyrotechnic composition is exposed. (1) Non-metal mortars shall be used. 4.19.3 Display Fireworks—Ground Salutes. (2) Mortars used for salutes over 3 in.in diameter and length 4.19.3.1 Display fireworks-ground salutes shall not exceed orted(exclusive n of propellant charge) shall be individually sup- orted and separated from other mortars by 10 times the 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter z 76 mm (3 in.) in length. inside diameter of the mortar. 4.19.3.2 The maximum quantity of salute powder in display (3) Remote ignition or use of an added 5-second minimum fireworks-ground salutes shall not exceed 71 g (2.5 oz). delay fuse extension shall be used. 4.19.3.3 Display fireworks—ground (4) Salute shells shall be preloaded into mortars. I P Y round salutes shall not be con- structed using brittle plastic. 4.19.5.4 Multiple break shells with salutes and shells consist- ing of4.19.3.4 To allow the person igniting the aerial shells to re- following trlequirementssalute `nserts or components shall meet the treat safely, the time delay iting shell's fuse between and the firing o he shell soh 1l behe not tip less than f the (I) Final or"bottom"shots (salutes) on multiple break shells shall not exceed the criteria for single break salutes. 3 seconds or more than 6 seconds. 4.19.3.5 Electrically ignited displays shall not require the de- (2) Aerial shells containing multiple salutes shall consist of com- lay period specked in 4.19.3.4. ponent salutes not exceeding 3 in.and 3 oz individually. 4.19.4 labeling. (3) Requirements of ruse and operator restrictions described for4.19.4.1 Pyrotechnic articles intended for indoor use shall be multi- break single break salutes ,CCed tall o be tired from steel that or- break shells shall be e tars buried in the ground, troughs, or dnuns. so marked,and labels shall include the following information: 4.19.5.5 The label or wrapper (I) Accurate performance characteristics of the device be of any(2) For fountains, gerbs, and other preloads, duration, type of aerial salute shall height,and diameter of the effect,as applicable marked with the word salute. 4.19.4.2 Pyrotechnic articles marked for indoor use shall be 4.19.5.6 All preloaded,chain-fused aerial items shall have in- stnuctions for placement and stabilization necessary to prevent permitted to be used outdoors. tipover. 4.19.4.3 Pyrotechnic articles marked by the manufacturer for indoor use shall be used indoors only. 4.19.4.4 All binary systems shall be labeled with the following Chapter 5 Storage of Display Fireworks,Pyrotechnic information in addition to the general requirements: Articles, Salute Powder Pyro technic and Explosive (1) Type of contents and general use of the material Compositions, and Black Powder (2) Description of conditions of use, potential hazards, and 5.1 General Requirements. required equipment with instructions for use (3) Manufacturer's statement regarding whether the material 5.1.1 Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, is permitted for indoor use and the conditions under pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and black powder which the material is to be used shall be stored in magazines at all times,except during manu- 4.19.4.5 All binary materials intended for indoor use shall be facture, acka m r, preweighed, premeasured, prepackaged, and identified by 5.1.1.1 Bulk salute and transpbu bulk aluterpowder shall be stored the manufacturer as permitted for indoor use. only in Type I or Type 2 magazines. 2003 Edition Vt STORAGE OF DISPLAY FIREWORKS AND P\ROTECHNIC ARTICLES 1124-23 E 2 The following shall be stored only in Type I.Type 2, 5.2.9.2 Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of - -r p-pe 4 magazines: in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. I, Display fireworks that are not bullet sensitive 5.2.10 Where any explosive or pyrotechnic material has dete- - riorated to the extent that it has become unstable or danger- ± to Pyrotechnic articles categorized as Explosives 1.3, other than bulk salute and bulk salute powder ous, the person responsible shall immediately contact the )ii Black powder manufacturer for assistance. j 5.1.2 Magazines containing display fireworks and pvrotech- 5.2.11 Before repairs are made to the interior of a magazine, i nit:articles that are not categorized as Explosives 1.4 shall be all explosive or pyrotechnic material shall he removed, and .eparated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and the interior shall be cleaned. ? highways highways by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3 or - Fable 4.9.4.5. 5.2.12 Before repairs are made to the exterior of a magazine • 5.1.3 Magazines containing display fireworks and pvrotech- iv and where there is a possibility of causing sparks or fire,all explo- 1 nic articles that are not categorized as Explosives 1.4 shall be le pyrotechnic material shall be removed. 3 ft separated from other magazines and from plant buildings by 5.2.13 Explosive or pyrotechnic material removed from a the distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1. magazine undergoing repair shall be stored as follows: i 5.1.4 Magazines containing black powder shall be separated (1) The material shall he either placed in another magazine from inhabited buildings,passenger railways,public highways, or placed a safe distance from the magazine,where it shall and other magazines by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3. be guarded and protected properly. f 5.2 Storage Within Magazines. (2) Upon completion of the repairs, the material shall be re- turned promptly to the magazine. 5.2.1 Magazines shall be supervised at all times by a compe- tent person at least 21 years old who shall be responsible for 5.3 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions. enforcing all safety precautions. . 5.3.1 The following shall not he permitted inside of or within 5.2.2*All magazines containing explosives shall be inspected 15 m (50 ft) of a magazine: at intervals not exceeding 7 days to determine whether there has been unauthorized or attempted entry or whether there (1) Smoking has been unauthorized removal of the magazines. (2) Matches (3) Open flames . ' Magazine doors shall be kept closed and shall be kept (4) Spark-producing devices locked at all times when the facility is not in operation. (5) Firearms,other than firearms carried by authorized secu- 5.2.4 Magazine doors shall not be required to be closed and rite personnel locked during placement or removal of explosive materials or 5.3.2 The area around a magazine shall be kept clear of during inspection. brush,dried vegetation,leaves,and similar combustibles for a 5.2.5* Containers of explosive materials shall be piled in a distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft). stable manner and laid flat with top side up. 5.3.3 Combustible materials shall not be stored within 15.2 m 5.2.6 The following shall apply to containers of explosive (50 ft) of a magazine. materials: 5.4 Requirements for Shipping Buildings for Display Fireworks. (1) Containers shall not be opened, unpacked, or repacked inside of or within 15.2 m (50 ft) of a magazine or in close 5.4.1 Shipping buildings shall he separated from process proximity to other explosives. buildings in accordance with the distances specified in Table (2) Fiberboard containers shall be permitted to be opened inside of or within 15.2 m (50 ft) of a magazine, provided that they are not unpacked. 5.4.2 Shipping buildings shall he separated from inhabited buildings. passenger railroads. public highways. and maga- 5.2.7 Tools used for opening containers of explosive materi- tines in accordance with the distances specified in Table als shall be nonsparking,unless they are metal slitters used for 4.9.4.1. opening fiberboard containers. 5.4.3* Separation distances for shipping buildings for storage 5.2.8 Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of of display fireworks shall he in accordance with Table 4.9.4.1 explosive and pyrotechnic materials. or Table 4.9.4.5.as appropriate,with a maximum of 22,680 kg 5.2.8.1 Metal tools other than nonferrous conveyors shall not (50.000 lb) net weight of display fireworks permitted to he he stored in magazines. stored. 5.2.8.2 Ferrous metal conveyor stands protected by a coat of 5.4.4 Separation distances for shipping buildings for the stor- paint shall be permitted to he stored within magazines. age of finished salutes shall he in accordance with Table 53.9 Magazine floors shall he swept regularly and kept 4.9.4.5 with a maximum of 227 kg (500 Ib) net weight of fin- t,dry,and free of grit, paper,empty packing materials, ished salutes permuted to be stored. and rubbish. 5.4.5 All electrical equipmem and fixtures in a shipping 5.2.9.1 Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have building shall nicer the requirements for hazardous locations spark-producing metal parts. in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Cadet. 2003 Edition 1124-24 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES - 5.4.6 Display fireworks awaiting packing and shipping shall buildings, trailers,semitrailers, metal shipping containers,m, i be permitted to be stored in a shipping building overnight, magazines. provided that the building is fire resistant and theft resistant. 5.4.6.1 The building shall be locked when not in o erasion. 6.2.6 Receiving, picking, packing, packaging, and shipping P shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage buildings or 5.4.6.2 Windows shall be guarded with bars or similar pro- areas. section. 6.3 Permit Requirements. 6.3.1 Permits.Where required,a permit shall be obtained to construct,erect,or operate any consumer fireworks storage or Chapter 6 Storage of Consumer Fireworks work building, room,or area. • 6.1 Applicability. 6.3.2 Plans. Where required, plans for consumer fireworks 6.1.1 Storage of consumer fireworks at manufacturing and storage or work buildings, rooms or areas shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction with the permit applies"distribution facilities shall comply with the requirements of tion.The plans shall include the design,details,and specifics. this chapter. dons for the following: 6.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the (1) Distances from public ways, buildings, facilities, maga- following: zines, motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, retail pro- if (I) Permanent buildings and structures including the fol- pane dispensing stations,flammable and combustible Gq- S lowing: uid aboveground tank storage, and flammable gas and (a) Consumer fireworks storage buildings or areas flammable liquefied gas bulk aboveground storage and (b) Consumer fireworks work buildings,rooms or areas dispensing areas within 30.5 m (100 ft) of the building (2) Temporary facilities including the following: used to store or handle consumer fireworks (a) Trailers (2) Vehicle access and parking areas (b) Semitrailers (3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers (c) Metal shipping containers (4) Floor plan and layout of storage and handling to indicate 6.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to buildings or facilities compliance with this chapter where the net weight of the pyrotechnic content of consumer (6) Means of egress fireworks stored does not exceed 125 lb,or 2501b where the (b) Construction details building is protected throughout with-an approved automatic 6.4 Construction. sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Stan- dard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. - - - 6.4.1 Buildings and Structures.Consumer fireworks shall only 6.1.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used be stored in the following buildings or structures, provided as a magazine. Consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be thatt the and building or contain a adses not exceed one story in stored in a magazine. height does not contain a basement: 6.1.5 Consumer fireworks work buildings shall not be used as (1) Buildings or structures constructed in accordance with process buildings. Consumer fireworks shall be permitted to the building code enforced by the authority havingjuris- be processed in a process building. diction (2) 6.1.6* For the purposes of this chapter, the terms"consumer 6.4.2 or structures constructed in accordance with fireworks" and "pyrotechnic articles" shall mean assembled (3) Magazines meeting the requirements in Chapter 4. devices that have been approved by the Department of Trans- (4) Trailers, semitrailers,and metal shipping containers that portation as Fireworks UN0336 and Articles, Pyrotechnic UN0431 and UN0432. are separated by at least 6.1 m (20 ft)from any building or structure other than trailers, semitrailers, or metal ship- 6.2 General Requirements For the Storage of Consumer Fire- ping containers. works. 6.4.2 Construction Materials. The following construction re- 6.2.1 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall comply quirements shall apply to consumer fireworks storage build- with the requirements of this chapter. ings in jurisdictions that have not adopted a building code: 6.2.2 Work rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer (I) Buildings having an area not greater than 743 m2 fireworks storage buildings provided such work rooms or areas (8000 ft-') shall be permitted to be constructed of any ap- comply with Section 6.13. proved construction materials. (2) Buildings having an area greater than 743 m2(8000 h")shall 6.2.3 Exterior door and window openings in consumer fire- works storage buildings shall be equipped with a means for be constructed in accordance with one of the following: locking. (a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or 6.2.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used limited combustible materials. for residential occupancies and shall not be located in residen- (b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance tial areas. rating of not less than 2 hours shall be permitted to have the roof decking and its supporting structure 6.2.5 Finished consumer fireworks at a manufacturing din- g or and interior partitions constructed of combustible -r tribution facility shall be stored in consumer fireworks storage ; materials. 2003 Edition I r STORAGE OF CONSUMER FIREWORKS 1124-25 Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum 6.5.2.3 Pressurized Water Type. At least one of the required rating of Class C as determined in accordance with fire extinguishers shall he of the pressurized water type. NFPA 256. Standard Methods of Fire Pests of Roof Coverings. 6.5.2.4 Multipurpose Dry Chemical Type. At least one of the 6 4,3 Multiple Use Buildings. required fire extinguishers shall be of the multipurpose dry chemical type having a minimum 4A rating. 6.4.3.1 Where consumer fireworks storage is located in a ), ilding containing other tenants, the consumer fireworks 6.5.2.5 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for consumer ,forage area shall be separated from the other tenants by fire fireworks storage or work buildings shall be located so that the Sanien having a tire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours. maximum distance of travel to reach an extinguisher from any 6,+.3,1.1 Openings in the fire barriers shall not be permitted point shall not exceed 22.8 in (75 ft) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. 6.4.3.1.2 Any penetrations of the fire barriers shall be pnr 6.5.3 Smoke and Heat Vents.Smoke and heat vents designed (feted in accordance with NFPA JOL®, Life Safety Code®. and installed in accordance with NFPA 204, .Standard for Smoke 6.4.3.2 Office areas ancillary to the consumer fireworks stor- and Heat[renting shall be provided in consumer fireworks stor- age building shall be separated from the consumer fireworks age buildings exceeding 4,644 ni" (50,000 ft") in undivided ,forage area by fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of area. not less than 1 hour. • 6.6 Site Requirements. 6.4.3.2.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall 6.6.1*Fire Department Access.Any portion of an exterior wall shall be protected by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire win- of a building or other defined perimeter • oof a consumer fire- lows having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour works storage facility shall be accessible within 45.7 m (150 ft) and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 50,Standard for of a public way or an approved fire apparatus access. Fire Doors and Fire Windows. • 6.7 Separation Distances. 6.4.3.2.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire bar- rier wall shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 101®, Life 6.7.1* Permanent consumer fireworks storage or work build- Safety Code®. ings shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures in accordance with Table 6.7.1. 6.4.4 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish. Interior wall and ceil- ing finish shall be Class A, Class B, or Class C in accordance with NFPA 1018, Life Safety Code®. Table 6.7.1 Separation Distance for Permanent Consumer Fireworks Storage or Work Buildings Fire Protection. 6.5.1* Automatic Sprinkler System. An automatic sprinkler Exterior system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Wall Fire Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be provided in consumer Exterior Wall Separation fireworks storage buildings greater than 1,115 m' (12,000 ft"). Opening Distance Resistance Protection Rating Rating 6.5.1.1 The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed us- m ft (hr) (hr) ing the following criteria for the areas where the consumer fireworks are stored in DOT approved packaging: 9.15< 18.3 30<60 1 ' (1) Consumer fireworks stored in DOT approved packaging 18.3 60 0 0 shall be considered as a Class IV commodity. • (2) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 3 m (10 ft) in racks, or 3.7 m (12 ft) othensise, shall he 6.7.1.1 The minimum separation distance shall not be less classified as an Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) occupancy. than 9.15 m (30 It). (3) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 6.7.2 Other Separation Distances. 3.7 m (12 ft) in racks,but greater than 3 m (10 ft),shall be classified as an Extra Hazard (Group 11 occupancy. 6.7.2.1 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall (4) Consumer fireworks stored to a height greater than 3.7 m not be located within 15.2 m (50 fu of the following: (12 ft)shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers designed using a fire control approach or aspecial design (2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers approach in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the (3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities Installation of Spnnkler.Systems. (4) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible 6.5.1.2 The waterfiow alarm device shall be arranged to acti- liquid, flammable gas.or flammable liquefied gas care audible and visible alarms throughout the facility in ac- 6.7.2.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall cordance with VTR-1 i7', National Fire Alarm Code. not be located within 91.2 in (300 it( of any aboveground hulk 6.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers. storage or bulk dispensing area For the following: 6.5.2.1 Installation. Portable fire extinguishers shall be in- l I 1 Flammable or combustible:iquid y,,talled in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire (2) Flammable gas 'inguishers. (3) Flammable liquefied gas 6.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Even consumer fireworks storage 6.7.2.3 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall or work building shall have not less than two portable fire he separated from magazines and process buildings by the extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating. distances specified in Table 4.9.3. 2003 Edition 1124-26 MANUFACTURE.TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLE$ r` 6.8 Means of Egress. 6.113 Exterior doors and windows shall be kept locked - the building is not occupied or otherwise attended. lillei - 6.8.1 Means of egress in permanent consumer fireworks stor- age or work buildings or areas shall comply with the applicable 6.11.4* Consumer fireworks shall he stored in accordance ' requirements of NFPA l0l®, Life Safety Code®. knit 7:7 ' 6.8.2 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal ski m containers NE'PS 23Q Standard the Ffre ProtectionofS[or¢ge,and as fol � kt q that are not normally occupied shall not be required to com- (1) Consumer fireworks shall be stored in packagin ply with NFPA 101 , Life Safety Code®. ing with the regulations of the U.S. Depar[mentg ep �"' portation (U.S.DOT),49 CFR, Part 178.4 ofTrar s 6.8.3 Doom. (2) Cartons shall be stacked neatly and in a stable man 6.8.3.1 Exterior exit doors shall open outward. (3) Consumer fireworks returned to these buildings s . be-!` permitted to be stored temporarily in cartons until J`-=: 6.8.3.2 Doors in the means of egress shall be at least 910 mm packaging or repacking can be performed. (36 in.) wide and kept free of obstructions. 6.11.5 Firearms, unless carried by authorized 6.8.3.3 Each doors shall be equipped with panic hardware law enforcement personnel, shall not be permitted ens t ed inside ersonnel a t, consumer fireworks storage or work building,room,or area Ot 6.8.3.4 Exit doors shall be unlocked when the building is within 15 m (50 ft) of stored consumer fireworks. O6 8 4 Aisles occupied. 6.11.5.1 Smoking materials,matches,lighten,or open flame V'd devices shall not be allowed within 15.2 m (50 ft) of any area 6.8.4.1 Aisles shall be at least 910 mm (36 in.) wide and shall where fireworks or other pyrotechnic materials are r be kept free of obstructions. present. 6.11,5.1.1 Authorized smoking locations shall be so mark 6.8.4.2 Dead end aisles shall not exceed 15.2 m (50 ft) in shall contain designated receptacles for disposal of smoking length. materials, and shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher for use on Class A fires. PP Dyed 6.8.5 Egress Travel Distance. Exits provided for consumer 6.11.5.2 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic materials,and py. fireworks storage or work buildings or areas shall be located so rotechnic and explosive compositions shall be performed only that the maximum egress travel distance as measured from the in a building or area specifically designated for that purpose.most remote point to an exit along the natural and unob- strucd path of egress travel shall not exceed 60.8 m (200 ft). 6.11.5.2.1 The testing shall be conducted at a safe distance e 6.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting, from other buildings. 6.11.6 Signs that read as follows in letters not less than 6.9.1 Exit Signs. 102 mm (4 in.) high on a contrasting background shall be fire- 6.9.1.1 Exits in consumer fireworks storage or work buildings corks storage posted on the outside of any consumer or areas shall be marked by an approved exit sign in accor- dance with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. FIREWORKS—NO SSIOKING 6.9.1.2 Exit signs shall be required to he self-luminous or 6.11.7* The operator of each consumer fireworks storage or internally or externally illuminated. work building or area shall prepare a written emergency re- 6.9.2 Emergency Lighting, sponse plan that provides specific directions to be followed in 6.9.2.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, the event of a fire. shall be illuminated whenever the facility is occupied in accor- 6.12 Housekeeping. dance with NFPA lot®, Life.Safety Code® 6.9.2.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer 6.12.1 No loose black powder or other exposed pyrotechnic fireworks storage or work buildings or areas and shall com ply composition shall he permitted. If loose composition is discov- ered, it shall be removed immediately and disposed of in an with NFPA 101 , Lye Safety Code®, P, approved manner. 6.10* Electrical Requirements. Electrical fixtures and wiring 6.12.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings.rooms shall comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, or areas shall comply with the following: 6.11 Operations. (1) Interiors shall he kept clean,dry,and free of grit and rub 6.11.1 Receiving,storing, icking from cartons, packing into (2) Tools used for cleaning up loose pyrotechnic composition cartons,packaging into retail packages including assortments, shall not have spark-producing metal parts. shipping,and other similar operations involving finished con- (3) Sweepings shall be disposed of in an approved manner. sumer fireworks shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms, or areas that meet the re- 6.12.3 The area around consumer fireworks storage or work quirements of this chapter. buildings shall be kept clear of brush, dried vegetation. rub- bi sh, 6.11.2 Picking,sorting,packa mpacking,and other similar (25 ft)and similar combustibles for a distance of at least 7.6 m operations involving finished consumer fireworks shall be conducted in consumer fireworks work buildings or consumer 6.13 Consumer Fireworks Work Buildin fireworks work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage 6.13.1 gs,Rooms,or Areas. buildings that meet the requirements of this chap ter. Consumer fireworks work buildings, rooms, or areas -)_%P hall also comply with this section. 2003 Edition p. -- r , . „ ,,, ,:: .c., RETAIL SALES OF CONSUMER FIREWORKS 1124-27 a The quantity of consumer fireworks being handled 7.1.3 Exempt Amounts. I S._ Hyde of DOT approved packaging shall be limited to that 7.1.3.1 The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to ..,rvsrn to conduct the operation. consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores where the ,,15.3 Aisles shall be at least 1.2 m (48 in.) wide and shall be consumer fireworks are in packages and where the total quail- of obstructions that reduce the required width. ❑ty of consumer fireworks on hand does not exceed 56.8 kg free [125 lb (net)] of pyrotechnic composition or. in a building O3.4 Exit doors shall be kept free of obstructions. protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA13. Standard for the `13,5 York rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer Installation of.Sprinkler Systems, 113.6 kg [250lb (net)] of purr .ar,;orks storage buildings. technic composition. . O5.5.1 {fork rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage 7.1.3.2 Where the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composi- wddings shall be separated from stored consumer fireworks tion of consumer fireworks is not known, 25 percent of the a a fire barrier wall having a fire-resistance rating of at least gross weight of the consumer fireworks,including packaging, hour or by a separation distance of at least 7.6 m (25 ft). shall be permitted to be used to determine the weight of the 6.13.5.2 Work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage pyrotechnic composition. `wildings shall have at least two remotely located means of 7.1.4 For the purpose of this chapter, stores and bulk mer- egress with at least one means of egress not having to pass chandising retail buildings in which consumer fireworks retail hrough a storage area. sales are conducted shall not be considered consumer fire- 6.13.6 Light fixtures within 7.6 m (25 ft) of any consumer works retail sales facilities as defined in Section'3.3 where both fireworks shall have guards. of the following conditions exist: 6.14 Trailers,Semitrailers,and Metal Shi in Containers. (1) The area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail • Shipping displays of consumer fireworks does not exceed 25 per- 6.14.1 Trailers, semitrailers or metal shipping containers cent of the area of the retail sales floor in the building or shall comply with this section. 55.5 m2 (600 Ft2),whichever is less. (2) The consumer fireworks are displayed and sold in a man- 6.14.2 Trailers,semitrailers or metal shipping containers that ner approved by the authority having jurisdiction and are not normally occupied shall be permitted to be locked comply with the applicable provisions of this code,federal during operation. and state law,and local ordinances. 14.3 Where an aisle is provided, the aisle shall be not less 7.1.5* Retail sales of consumer fireworks shall be limited to .nan 710 mm (28 in.) in clear width. mercantile occupancies defined in NFPA 101®. Life Safety i 6.14.4 At least one pressurized water type fire extinguisher Codes. having a minimum 2A rating shall he located within 22.8 m 7.2 General Requirements for Retail Sales of Consumer Fire- (75 ft). works. , 6.14.5 Panic hardware on exit doors shall not he required. 7.2.1 Display Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. Retail sales . 6.14.6 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers of display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles,including the re- ' lated storage and display for sale of such fireworks and articles, used for consumer fireworks storage shall be permitted to be shall he prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facilin- placed side by side with no minimum separation distance and stacked to a maximum height of two units. or store. • 7.2.2 Consumer Fireworks. Retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their related storage and display for sale of such fire- works,shall be in accordance with this code. Chapter 7 Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks i 7.2.3 Prohibited Explosive Devices. Retail sales of certain ex- 7.1 Applicability. plosive devices prohibited by the Child Safety Act of 1966, in- chiding the related storage and display for sale of such devices. 7.1.1 Retail sales of consumer fireworks in both new and ex- shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility isting buildings,structures,and facilities shall comply with the or store. requirements of this chapter unless otherwise indicated. 7.2.4 Pest Control Devices. The retail sales of pest control 7.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the devices, including their related storage and display for sale. following: shall be prohibited. (1) Permanent buildings and structures. including the fol- 7.2.5 Noncomplying Fireworks. The retail sales of fireworks lowing: that do not coin ply with the regulations of the C.S. Consumer (a) Stores Product Safety Commission as set forth in 16 CFR 15(X) and (b) Bulk merchandising retail buildings 1507 and the regulations of the U.S.Department of Transpor- (c) Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities union as set forth in 49 CFR 100 to 178,including their related "'2) Temporary facilities,including the following: storage and display for sale,shall be prohibited. (a) Consumer fireworks retail sales stands 7.2.6 Any building or structure used for the retail sales of (b) Tents consumer fireworks. including their related storage, shall (c) Canopies comply with NFPA MP'. Life Safety Code.for mercantile occu- (d) Membrane structures panties,except as provided herein. 2003 Edition • r , 1124-28 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION.STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC.ARTICLES 73 Permit Requirements. 7.4.2 Construction Materials.The following construction 4'. rL terials requirements shall apply to new permanent consume, r 73.1' Permits. Where required by state or local laws, ordi- nances,nances, or regulations, a permit for the following shall be fireworks retail sales facilities in jurisdictions that have obtained: adopted a local building code: ,,�; al tl i Construction, erection,or operation of the following: (1) Buildings having an area up to and including 743 t a (a) Permanent building or structure (8,000 ft') shall be permitted to be constructed of (b) Temporary structure such as a stand, tent,or canopy approved construction materials. gg ` used for the purpose of the retail display or sale of (2) Buildings having on area ut greater than it one j consumer fireworks to the public (8,000 fr') shall be constructed in accordance with one ? s (2) Storage of consumer fireworks in connection with the re- of the following: or tail display or sale of consumer fireworks to the public (a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible limited-combustible materials. - 1 73.2 Plans' (h) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance I7.3.2.1 Where required, plans for consumer fireworks retail rating of not less than 2 hours shall be permitted to g f sales facilities shall be submitted to the authority having juris- have the roof decking and its supporting structure 5 diction with the permit application. and interior partitions constructed of combustible } materials. 7.3.2.2 Plans for facilities other than stands and tents shall (3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum include the following: rating of Class C as determined in accordance with _ R (1) Minimum distances from the following: NFPA 256,Standard Methods of Fire Tests of RoofCoaenngs. (a) Public ways 7.4.3 Multiple-Tenant Buildings. (b) Buildingss (c) Other consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.4.3.1 Where new consumer fireworks retail sales facilities (d) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations are located in a building containing other tenants, the con- -:' (e) Retail propane-dispensing stations Sumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be separated from the other tenants by fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of (f) Flammable and combustible liquid aboveground not less than 2 hours without openings. tank storage (g) Flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk 7.4.3.2 Where the new building is protected per \TPA 13, • • .-� Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler.Systems,the fire resistance aboveground storage and dispensing areas within 91.5 m (300 ft) of the facility used for the retail sales rating of the fire barrier in 7.4.3.1 shall he not less than 1 hour. of consumer fireworks 7.4.4 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer (2) Vehicle access and parking areas fireworks in a new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales (3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers facility or store shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler 3 (4) Floor plan and layout of storage and displays to indicate system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the compliance with this chapter and applicable state or local Installation of SpnnklerSystems,or separated from the retail sales laws,ordinances,or regulations area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of not less (5) Means of egress (6) Construction details than 1 hour. 7.4.4.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall 7.3.2.3 The site plan for stands and tents shall show the loca- shall he protected by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire win- tion of the stand or tent on the site and indicate the minimum dows having a fire protection rating of not less than '/h hour 1 separation distances required by Section 7.7. and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80,Standard for 7.4 Construction. Fire Doors and Fire Windows. openings 7.4.4.2 Any other o s or penetrations in the fire barrier 7.4.1 Buildings and Structures.Consumer fireworks shall only be permitted to be sold at retail in any of the following build- wall shall be protected in accordance with NFPA I0Is', Life ings or structures,provided that any new building or structure Safety Code . does not exceed one story in height: 7.5 Fire Protection. (1) Permanent buildings or structures constructed in actor- 7.5.1 Automatic Sprinkler System. dance with the building code enforced by the authority having jurisdiction 7.5.1.1 An automatic sprinkler system shall be required and (2) Tents,canopies,or temporary membrane structures com- shall be installed in accordance with 1NFPA he13, Standard for the phing with NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding In stallcons of consumer fireworks and shall he provided in perma- and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures nent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities greater than (3) Temporary structures constructed in accordance with this 557.2 m1 (6000 ft2) in area. chapter 7.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to acti- (4) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands greater vate audible and visual alarms throughout the facility in accor- than 74 m2 (800 ft2) in area that also meet the require- dance with .NFPA 72®,National Fire Alarm Cork® ments for a permanent structure 7.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers. (5) Vehicles, such as vans, buses, trailers, recreational ve- hides, motor homes, travel trailers, trucks, and automo- 7.5.2.1 Specification.Portable fire extinguishers shall be speci- . biles, complying with the applicable requirements for fled as required for extra (high) hazard occupancy in actor- _a- consumer fireworks retail sales stands dance with NFPA I0,.Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. 'r; 2003 EQstlon II .r Ph —MOW RETAIL SALES OF CONSUMER FIREWORKS 1124-29 -*.-..2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks retail 7.6.4 Fireworks Discharge. a facility shall have not less than two portable fire extin- 7 6.4.1 Fireworks shall not he ignited. discharged. or other- facility shall a minimum 2A rating,at least one of which shall wise used within 91.5 m (300 ft) ofa consumer fireworks retail ri. .pe of the pressurized water type. sales facility or store. i - ', a 1 Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands of 7.6.4.2 At least one sign that reads as follows,in letters at least ` L5--._.�. 'ess than 18.6 m- (200 ft') shall be required to have only one 102 mm (4 in.) high on a contrasting background, shall be t gartable fire extinguisher. conspicuously posted on the exterior of each side of the con- 7.5.2.2.2 Where more than one portable tire extinguisher is sumer fireworks retail sales facility: f required, at least one fire extinguisher shall be of the multi- NO FIREWORKS DISCHARGE WITHIN 300 FEET purpose dry chemical type if the facility is provided with elec 7 6.5 No Smoking Signs. tncal power. 7,5.2.3 Location. 7.6.5.1 Smoking shall not be permitted inside or within • 15.5 m (50 ft) of the consumer fireworks retail sales area. y 75.2.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers for permanent con- I • • :timer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be located 7.6.5.2 At least one sign that reads as follows,in letters at least I so that the maximum distance of travel required to reach an 51 conspicuouslym (2in.) o high on a at eachcontrasting or withinbackground, (to ft)be i extinguisher from any point does not exceed 23 m (75 ft) as every directly osted teh entranceg eor consumer fireworks m s retail specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. ofsales area in a store: 1 t 75.2.3.2 Portable fire extinguishers for temporary consumer NO SMOKING I — fireworks retail sales facilities shall be installed and located so FIREWORKS I that the maximum distance of travel required to reach an ex- 7 7 Separation Distances. tinguisher from any point does not exceed 10.6 m (35 ft). 7.7.1 Permanent Facilities. 7.5.3 Fire Alarms. I 7.7.1.1 New Facilities. New permanent consumer fireworks 7.5.3.1 A fire alarm system shall be provided as required by retail sales facilities shall be separated from adjacent perma- NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. nent buildings and structures in accordance with Table 7.5.3.2 In permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facili- 7.7.1.1. ties greater than 278.6 m' (3,000 ft2) in area and in Class B Jrfs a public address system or a means for manually acdvat an audible and visible alarm indicating devices located Table 7.7.1.1 Separation Distances Between New Permanent throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA it, National Buildings and Structures Fire alarm Code®, shall he provided at a constantly attended location when the facility or store is occupied. Exterior Exterior Wall 7.5.4 Smoke Control. Separation Distances Wall Fire • WOpening 7.5.4.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in actor- Resistance Protection dance with NFPA 204,Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting,shall Rating Rating be provided in the consumer fireworks retail sales area of new m ft (hr) (ltr) permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores where the ceiling height is less than 3.05 m (10 ft) and the <3.05 < 10 2 1f'' travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 7.6 m (25 ft). ≥3.05 to< 18.3 ≥ 10 to<60 1 Yi 7.5.4.2 The smoke and heat vents shall be automatically acti- ≥ 18.3 ≥60 0 0 rated by a smoke detection system installed throughout the consumer fireworks retail sales area in accordance with NFPA 73-', National Fire Alan Code. 7.7.1.2 Existing Facilities. Existing permanent consumer fire- 7.6 Site Requirements. works retail sales Facilities shall he separated from adjacent 7.6.1*Fire Department Access.Any portion of an exterior wall permanent buildings and structures by not less than 3.05 m of a building,sidewall of a tent,or other defined perimeter of (10 ft) or shall be separated by a gall with a 1-hour Eire rests- a consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be accessible tance rating. within 45.7 m (151) It) of a public way or an approved fire 7.7.2 Temporary Facilities. Temporary consumer fireworks apparatus access. retail sales facilities shall he located as specified in Table 7.7.2. 7.6.2 Clearance to Combustibles. The area located within 7.7.3 Other Separation Distances. 9 m (30 ft) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall he kept free of accumulated dry grass. dry brush, and corn- 7.7.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores bustible debris. shall not be located within 15.2 m ,50 it) of the following: .3 Parking.No motor vehicle or trailer used for the storage (I) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers -onsumer fireworks shall be parked within 3 m (10 it) of a (2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers ,..,nsumer fireworks retail sales facility, except when deliver- (3i Abovegroi Ind storage tanks for flammable or combustible ing, loading, or unloading fireworks or other merchandise liquid, flammable gas. or flammable liquefied gas and materials used,stored,or displayed for sale in the facility. (4) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities 2003 Edition r rilli 1124-30 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES _ Table 7.7.2 Temporary Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facilities—Minimum Separation Distances s Storage of kg MBuildings Combustibles' Tents" Vehicle Parking Stands` Consumer .... , Fireworks m ft m ft m ft m ft m —�� ft m ft Tents" 6.1 20 6.1 20 6.1 20 3.05 10 Stands` 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 3.05 10 65' 50 6.1 20 '' 20 a The required clearances to combustibles shall also comply with 7.6.2. - b Tents refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales in tents,canopies,and membrane structures. `Stands refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands. d Where stands are separated from each other by less than 6.1 m (20 ft),the aggregate area of such stands -4 i. shall not exceed 74 m2(800 ft'-). 1. 7.73.2 Consumer fireworks retail sales and storage areas shall not be located within 91.2 m (300 sumer fireworks retail sales stands shall have a minimum of 1. ft) of any aboveground two exits. 1 bulk storage or bulk dispensing area for the following: G 7.8A Egress Travel Distance. (1) flammable or combustible liquid e (2) flammable gas 7.8.4.1 Exits provided for the retail sales area of tents,mem- I (3) flammable liquefied gas brane structures, canopies, and permanent consumer fire- works retail sales facilities, including Class C stores, shall be i 7.7.3.3 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment located so that the maximum egress travel distance,measured shall not be considered bulk storage. from the most remote point to an exit along the natural and 7.7.3.4 Fuel storage for generators shall be in accordance unobstructed path of egress travel, does not exceed 22.9 m t with 7.11.3. (75 ft). 7.8 Mean of Egress. 7.8.4.2 Exits provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands7.8.1 General. Means of egress in consumer fireworks retail dstance doess no exceed 10.6 mt5 e ( f maximum egress travel sales facilities shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®,as modified by Section 7.8. consumer fireworks retail 7.8.5 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in in the cn- 7.8.1.1 Means of egress in stores and bulk merchandising sumer sales facilities fireworks retail sales of as ore shall lcomply with retail buildings where the retail sales of consumer fireworks this subsection. are conducted shall comply with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, unless otherwise specified in Section 7.8. 7.8.5.1 Aisle Width. I 7.8.1.2* Means of egress in tents and membrane structures 7.8.5.1.1 Aisles shall have a minimum clear width of 1.2 m used for consumer fireworks retail sales shall comply with (48 in.). NFPA 101®,Life Safety Code®,and NFPA 102,.Standardfor Grand- 7.8.5.1.2 The required width of aisles shall be maintained stands,Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Struc- unobstructed at all times the facility is occupied by the public.tures,as modified by Section 7.8. 7.8.5.2 Minimum Clear Width. In temporary consumer fire- 11{7.8.2*Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan. works retail sales stands where the interior is not accessible to 7.8.2.1 For a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store, the public, the minimum clear width of the aisle shall be per- an approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall he prepared • mated to be not less than 710 mm (28 in.). in writing and maintained current. 7.8.5.3*Aisle Arrangements. 7.8.2.2 The evacuation plan shall be posted in a conspicuous 7.8.5.3.1 Not less than one aisle shall he provided and ar- ranged so that travel along the aisle leads directly to an exit. location that is accessible to the public as well as to persons employed or otherwise working in the facility. 7.8.5.3.2 Other required exits shall 6e located at, or within 7.8.2.3 An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall not 3.05 In (10 ft) of, the end of an aisle or cross aisle. be required for temporary consumer fireworks retail sales 7.8.5.3.3 Aisles shall terminate at an exit, another aisle. or a , stands. cross-aisle. 7.8.3 Number of Exits. 7.8.5.3.4 Dead-end aisles shall he prohibited. 7.8.3.1 The minimum number of exits provided from the 7.8.5.3.5 Where more than one aisle is provided, not less retail sales area shall be not less than three or as determined in than one cross-aisle shall have an unobstructed connection accordance with NFPA lOt®,Life Safety Code®,whichever num- with every aisle,other than cross-aisles. ---. ber is greater. 7.• 7.8.3.2 Retail sales areas within Class C stores in which con- aisslle at intervals nolt greater e cthanS 15.2 1 lm(50 e ft)as measured sumer fireworks retail sales are conducted and temporary con- along the aisle V I 2003 Edition `r PIih :110111 RETAIL SALES OF CONSUMER FIREWORKS 1124-31 3,7 Where cross-aisles are required, not less than one 7.10.2.2 Where located along the perimeter of the retail sales aisle shall have at least one end terminate at, or within area, the maximum height of sales displays shall he limited to ` ,15 m (10 ft) of,an exit. 3.66 m (12 ft). 7.8.6 Doors and Doorways. Doors and doorways used in the 7.10.2.3 In temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands t it 11Cans of egress shall comply with this subsection. where the interior is not accessible to the public. the maxi- mum height of sales displays shall be limited to 2.44 in (8 ft). 73.6.1 Egress doors shall he not less than 910 mm (36 in.) in ddth [providing a minimum of 813 mm (32 in.) clear width]. 7.10.3* Flame Breaks. i 7.8.6.2 Exit openings from tents shall have a clear opening 7.10.3.1 Where continuous displays of merchandise are lo- I F ..idth of not less than 1.100 mm (44 in.). sated on shelving,cases.counters,and similar display fixtures. a flame break shall he provided so that the maximum distance , 7.8.6.3 Egress doors provided for temporary fireworks retail between flame breaks (toess not exceed 4.9 m (16 ft) where ales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public shall measured along the length of the display. he permitted to be not less than 710 mm (28 in.) in width. . 7.10.3.2 Flame breaks shall not he required in consumer fire- 'e 7.8.6.4 For other than temporary consumer fireworks retail works retail sales facilities or stores protected with an auto- -ales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public, matic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13. • cvervv egress door that has a latching device shall be provided Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. with panic hardware complying with NFPA 101®. Life .Safety I Code 7.10.3.3 The flame break shall extend as follows: 7.8.6.5 Means of egress doors shall be of the side-hinge swing- (1) From the display surface to not less than 150 mm (6 in.) ing type and shall be arranged to swing in the direction of above the full height of the displayed merchandise or to • egress travel. the underside of the display surface directly above (2) For the full depth of the displayed merchandise 7.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting. 7.10.3.4*Where packaged fireworks merchandise is displayed • 7.9.1 Exit Signs. on the same level as individual unpackaged fireworks devices, 7.9.1.1 Exits shall he marked by an approved exit sign in a flame break shall not be required where both of the follow- accordance with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. ing criteria are met: 7.9.1.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or (1) The length of the display level containing individual un- i9"'-nally or externally illuminated. packaged fireworks devices is interrupted by packaged • fireworks merchandise, or open space, or any combina- 7...r.3 Exit signs shall not be required to be illuminated in Lion thereof, having a continuous length of not less than tents or stands that are not open for business after dusk,or in e 4 m (8 ft) temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the (2) The distance between Elaine breaks does not exceed 9.8 m interior is not accessible to the public. (32 ft). 7.9.2 Emergency Lighting. 7.10.3.5 Where a merchandise display level contains pack- 7.9.2.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, aged fireworks merchandise, such merchandise shall he per- shall be illuminated whenever the facility is occupied in actor- matted to be displayed in a continuous length on the same dance with NFPA lOl®, Life Safety Code®. level where the display does not exceed 9.8 m (32 ft)without a flame break. 7.9.2.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores and shall comply with 7.10.3.6 An aisle having a minimum width of 1.1 m (44 in.) NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® shall be permitted to substitute for a flame break. 7.9.2.3 Emergency lighting shall not he required in tents or 7.10.3.7 Where displays of merchandise face aisles that rim stands that are not open for business after dusk or for tempo- along both long sides of the display fixtures or display surface. rare consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior a flame break shall he installed lengthwise between the abut- is not accessible to the public. ting display fixtures or along the approximate longitudinal centerline of the display surface so as to separate the merchan- 7.10* Retail Sales Displays. disc facing one of the aisles from the merchandise that abuts it 7.10.1 General. The requirements of this section shall apply facing the other aisle. only to consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores 7.10.3.7.1 In consumer fireworks retail sales facilities where where the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted. one of the aisles does not serve as part of the means of egress unless otherwise specifically indicated. for the public, the flame break required in 7.10.3.7 shall not 7.10.2* Height of Sales Displays.To provide for visual access be required. of the retail sales area by the employees and customers,parti- 7 10.3.7.2 Freestanding display racks. pallets, tables. or bins [ions,counters,shelving,cases,and similar space dividers shall containing packaged fireworks merchandise shall be permit- not exceed1.8 m (6 ft) in height above the floor surface inside ted without flame breaks,provided the dimensions of the area the perimeter of the retail sales area. I ccupied by the fireworks merchandise do not exceed 1.2 m 2.1 Merchandise on display or located on shelves or (4 Itl in width, 2.4 m (8 ft) in length, and 1.8 m (6 ft) in counters or other fixtures shall not he displayed to a height height, and the displayed fireworks merchandise is separated greater than 1.8 m (6 ft) in height above the floor surface from other displays of merchandise by aisles having a mini- within the retail sales area. MUM clear width of 1.2 na (4 ft). 2003 Edition a r .5'1'.„ 1. 1124-32 MA�v1C FACTI;RE,TRANSPORTATION.STORAGE, RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES a - } 7.10.3.7.3 Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the 7.10.5 Sales in Stores. Consumer fireworks displayed for sale a. abutting display fixtures are constructed of perforated hard- in stores shall comply with the following: board panels not less than 6 mm (1/2 in.) thick which are sepa- i rated from each other by an open space not less than 38 mm 1) Such fireworks shall be under the visual supervision of I.. (1'1 in.) wide,a flame break shall not be required as specified store employee or other responsible party while the store in 7.10.3.7. is open to the public. (2) Such fireworks shall he packaged fireworks merchandise. r a manner that will limit travel distance of ejected pvro-7.10.3.8 Shelving. (3)*Such fireworks shall be packaged and displayed for sale in 7.10.3.8.1 Shelving or other surfaces used to support fire- works display merchandise shall be permitted to have not technical components if ignition of the fireworks occur, • more than 10 percent of the area of the shelf contain holes or (4) Where consumer fireworks meeting the requirements of C.3.1.2 or C.3.1.3 For aerial devices and audible ground other openings. devices, respectively, are sold, such devices shall be dis • 7.10.3.8.2 The 10 percent limitation on the area of holes or played for sale in an area of the store that is physically fireworks separated from the rest of the store in a manner that re- other openings in the metal shelf used to support display merchandise shall not be applicable under the follow- stricts entry by the public and the area of the store shall be ing conditions: provided with not less than two means of egress so lo- cated, that there is no common path of travel and the (1) Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting distance to reach an egress point from the area does not display fixtures are constructed of perforated hardboard exceed 10.7 m (35 ft). panels not less than 6 mm (''/ in.) thick,which are sepa- rated from each other by an open space not less than 7.10.6*Aerial Devices. Aerial devices shall be packaged and 38 mm (11 in.) wide displayed for sale in a manner that will limit travel distance of ejectedpyrotechnic components if ignition of the fireworks (2) Where such merchandise is suspended from or fastened 1 p gn to the shelf or surface or is displayed as packaged mer- occurs. chandise on the surface or in bins 7.10.7* Combustible materials and merchandise shall not be 7.10.3.9 Flame breaks and solid display surfaces shall not be stored directly above the consumer fireworks in retail sales required for packaged fireworks merchandise displayed in displays unless a horizontal barrier is installed directly above i bins or display racks or on pallets or tables located at the end the consumer • fireworks as prescribed in 7.4.1(e) of XTPA430, of a row of display fixtures where the following conditions are Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. met: 7.11 Equipment. (1) Such end displays shall be separated from the ends of the 7.11.1 Electrical Equipment. All electrical wiring shall be in display fixtures by an open space not less than 76 mm accordance with NFPA 70,National Electrical Code . f (3 in.) wide. ! (2) The fireworks merchandise shall occupy an area having 7.11.1.1 Battery powered equipment, electrical equipment, j dimensions not greater than the width of the end of the and electrical cords that are used in conjunction with a con- 9 row of display fixtures and a depth not greater than Sumer fireworks retail sales facility area shall be listed and shad 910 mm (36 in.). be used in accordance with their listing. . (3) The minimum required widths of the adjacent aisles shall 7.11.1.2 Temporary wiring installed in a temporary structure be maintained,but in no case shall the aisle width be less including tents and canopies shall comply with Article 305 of than 1.2 m (48 in.). NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®. 7.10.3.10 Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands 7.11.1.3 Where temporary electrical conductors are placed where the interior is not accessible to the public shall not be on top of an outdoor surface to connect the permanent power ` required to comply with 7.10.3. source to the temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facili- 1 pro- 7.10.4 Covered Fuses. Only consumer fireworks meeting the tv's temporary electrical system, the conductors shall be criteria for covered fuses as defined in Section 3.3 or as de- vided with physical protection against damage caused by pe- scribed in 7.10.4.1 shall be permitted in a facility in which the destrian or vehicular traffic retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted. 7.11.2 Heating Sources. 7.10.4.1 A consumer fireworks device shall also be consid- 7.11.2.1 Heating units shall be listed and shall he used in ered as having a covered fuse if the fireworks device is con- accordance with their listing. tained hin a prepackaged ent,container,per that is arranged and configured,such that the fuserofr the ap- 7.11.2.2 Temporary heating sources shall have tip-over and fireworks device cannot be touched directly by a person han- temperature-overheat protection dling the fireworks without the person having to puncture or 7.11.2.3 Open-flame and exposed-element heating devices i tear the packaging or wrapper, unseal or break open a pack- shall be prohibited. age or container,or otherwise damage or destruct the packag- ing material, wrapping, or container within which the fire- 7.11.3 Portable Generators. works are contained. 7.11.3.1 Portable generators supplying power to consumer 7.10.4.2 Individual consumer fireworks items displayed for fireworks retail sales facilities shall use only Class II or Class III sale in temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where combustible liquid fuels. the interior is not accessible to the public shall not be required 7.11.3.2 Portable generators shall be located not less than • to have covered fuses. 6.1 m (20 ft) from the consumer fireworks retail sales facility. • • • • is is 2003 Edition IOW _ -- Fr- • ANNEX A 1124-33 I • -^'1.3.3 Class II and Class III combustible liquid generator 7.12.4.3 Not less than 50 percent of the available floor area I shall be limited to not more than 18.9 L(5 gal). within the retail sales area shall he open space that is unoccu- pied by retail displays and used only for aisles and cross-aisles. 7.11.3.4 Portable generators shall be permitted to use Class I flammable liquids as fuel provided the quantity of such fuel is 7.12.5*Housekeeping. ( limited to 7.6 L (2 gal). 7.12.5.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales areas and storage 7.11.3.5 Generator fuels shall be stored not less than 6.1 m rooms shall be kept free of accumulations of debris and ,00 ft) from the consumer fireworks retail sales facility. rubbish. 7.11.3.6*Where the generator fuel storage is located not less 7.12.5.2 Any loose pyrotechnic composition shall be re- than 15.2 m (50 ft) from the consumer fireworks retail sales moved immediately. facility,the quantity of such fuel shall not be limited by 7.11.3. 7.12.5.3 Vacuum cleaners or other mechanical cleaning de- 7.11.4 Cooking Equipment. vices shall not be used. 7.11.4.1 Cooking equipment of any type shall not be permit- 7.12.5.4 Brooms,brushes,and dustpans used to sweep up any ted within 6.1 m (20 ft) of tents,canopies,or membrane struc- loose powder or dust shall be made of non-sparking materials. [ores used for the storage or sale of consumer fireworks. 7.12.5.5 Consumer fireworks devices that are damaged shall 7.11.4.2 Open flame cooking equipment of any type shall not be removed and not offered for sale. be allowed within 15.2 m (50 ft) of tents, canopies, or mem- 7.12.5.6 Damaged consumer fireworks shall be permitted to brane structures used for the storage or sale of consumer fire- be returned to the dealer or shall be disposed of properly-. works. 7.12.6*Training.All personnel handling consumer fireworks • 7.12 Operations. shall receive safety training related to the performance of 7.12.1 General. their duties. 7.12.1.1 Means of egress including,but not limited to aisles, 7.12.7 Under the Influence. Any person selling consumer •doors,and exit discharge, shall be clear at all times when the fireworks shall not knowingly sell consumer fireworks to any facility or the building is occupied. person who is obviously under the influence of alcohol or drugs. 7.12.1.2 Customers shall not be permitted inside a temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stand unless it complies with 7.13 Records. ...the means of egress requirements in Section 7.8. 7.13.1 Records shall be maintained on available inventory on 2.2 Distances from Entrances and Exits. the premise. 7.12.2.1 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or 7.13.2 Records shall be made available to the authority has'- stored within 1.5 m (5 ft) of any public entrance in an en- ing jurisdiction upon request. closed building or structure. 7.12.2.2 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 0.6 m (2 ft) of any public exit, or private en- Chapter 8 Transportation of Fireworks,Pyrotechnic trance or exit in an enclosed building or structure. Articles,and Any Component(s) Containing Pyrotechnic or Explosive Materials on Public Highways 7.12.3 Security. 7.12.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores 8.1 General Requirements.Transportation of fireworks,pvro- shall he secured when unoccupied and not open for business, technic articles, and any components s) containing pyrotech- unless fireworks are not kept in the facility during such times. nic or explosive materials shall meet all applicable require- ments of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), 7.12.3.2 The fireworks displayed or stored in the facility shall 49 CFR. 170 to end,and any applicable local.state,or interna- be permitted to be removed and transferred to a temporary tional requirements. storage structure or location. 7.12.4 Display and Handling. 7.12.4.1 The following shall apply to the sales display of con- Annex A Explanatory Material sumer fireworks in temporary consumer retail sales stands that Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this AM document do not allow access to the interior of the stand be the public: but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains (I) Consumer fireworks shall be displayed in a manner that explanatory 'maenad numbered to correspond with the applicable text prevents the fireworks from being handled by persons paragraphs. other than those operating,supervising,or working in the 4,3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stand. does not approve, inspect, or certifi- any installations, proce- (2) The handling requirements of(1)shall not apply to pack- dures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate aged assortments,boxes,or similarly packaged container testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installa- of one or more items,regardless of type dons,procedures,equipment,or materials,the authority having 2.4.2 The floor area occupied by the retail displays of con- jurisdiction ntay base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or ..,.mer fireworks in permanent consumer fireworks retail sales other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards. facilities shall not exceed 40 percent of the available floor area said authority may require evidence of proper installation,proce- within the retail sales area. dare.or use.The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to 2003 Edition iiirri,.. 1124-34 S1ANUF.ACPURE,TRANSPORTATION.STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC.ARTICLES the listings or labeling practices of an organization that is con- accustomed to congregate or assemble. This term does not 11 cerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to de- include any building or structure occupied in connection with termine compliance with appropriate standards for the current the manufacture, transportation, storage, distribution, pack- production of listed items. ing, packaging,shipping or use of explosive materials or fire- A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).The phrase "au- works at a manufacturing or distribution facility. thority having jurisdiction," or its acronym AHJ, is used in £3.3.9.5 Mechanical Building. A mechanical building is in- NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and tended to be an unoccupied building. approval agencies vary,as do their responsibilities.Where pub- A.3.3.9.6 Mixing Building. This definition does not apply to lic safety is primary,the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or indi- wet sparkler mix preparation. vidual such as a fire chief;fire marshal;chief of a fire preven- A.3.3.9.7 Nouprocess Building. A pyrotechnic laboratory is don bureau, labor department, or health department; build- considered to be a nonprocess building,but it is subject to the ing official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory required separation distances for a consumer fireworks pro. authority.For insurance purposes,an insurance inspection de- cess building. partment, rating bureau, or other insurance company repre- sentative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many A.3.3.9.8 Process Building. Examples of operations per- formed in a process building include but are not limited to the circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction;at following: government installations, the commanding officer or depart- (1) Assembling internal component parts or exposed pro- mental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. technic compositions into finished fireworks A.3.2.3 Code. The decision to designate a standard as a (2) Mixing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions "code" is based on such factors as the size and scope of the (3) Pressing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions (4) Drying of newly manufactured fireworks or pyrotechnic document, its intended use and form of adoption, and whether it contains substantial enforcement and administra- articles or their compositions five provisions. (5) Packing of finished fireworks or pyrotechnic articles (6) Any combination of these operations A.3.2.5 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evalu- A.3.3.9.11 Unoccupied Building. An unoccupied building can be used for long-term storage of materials acceptable to ation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdic- the authority having jurisdiction, provided that no fireworks don should utilize the system employed by the listing organi- or pyrotechnic composition is stored within the building. zation to identify a listed product. A.3.3.19 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. Stands can A.3.3.1 Aerial Shell.The shells are most commonly 76 mm to include, but are not limited to, small buildings, plywood or 152 mm (3 in. to 6 in.) outside diameter and are fired from sheet metal structures, manufactured buildings, semitrailers, trailers,shipping containers, or similar structures or facilities. mortars. Upon firing of the shell, the fuse and lift charge are consumed. A.3.3.22 Covered Fuse.The purpose of the covered fuse is to A.3.3.5.3 Screen Barricade. Such barricades can be con- minimize the accidental ignition of fireworks in a retail display structed of metal roofing, 6-mm to 13-mm ('/-in. to /-in) by a lighted cigarette or a match,a cigarette lighter,or similar small open flame, as well as to reduce the potential for the mesh screen,or equivalent material. rapid involvement of fireworks in, and the subsequent accel- A.3.3.7 Binary System.The ingredients for such a system are eration of, a fire originating within a retail display of con- shipped separately as an oxidizer and a fuel.The ingredients sumer fireworks. do not become a pyrotechnic material until they are mixed. Protection of the fuse can be provided by means of tape L3.3.9.1 Built Merchandising Retail Building. A bulk mer- covering the exposed (ignitible) end of a safety fuse or by chandising retail building is considered to be a store, as de- covering the fuse or the entire fireworks device or group of fined in Section 3.1.Thus,a bulk merchandising retail build- fireworks devices with paper, plastic, cardboard, paperboard, ing also needs to be classified as a Class A, Class B,or Class C or similar or equivalent materials. mercantile occupancy (store) in order to apply this code. Examples of covered fuses of fireworks devices include These facilities are usually called "big box" stores within the those contained within prepackaged assortments, multi-item retail sales industry.Their interiors look like a cross between a packages, and similar retail merchandise arrangements that rack storage warehouse and a department store. are displayed within unopened and unperforated containers so that they are not exposed to view,or they are covered with, £3.3.9.2 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. Consumer fireworks storage buildings are typically found at manufactur- or are contained within, plastic wrap, paper. paperboard, ing or distribution facilities and are not considered to be pro- cardboard,or other types wrapping or packaging materials cess buildings, rooms,or areas. designed to prevent the fuses from coming into direct contact with an ignition source. £3.3.9.3 Consumer Fireworks Work Building,Room,or Area. Work buildings,rooms or areas are typically found at manufac- A.3.3.25 DOT Approved Packaging. DOT approved packag- turing or distribution facilities and are considered nonprocess ing for consumer fireworks typically consists of sealed fiber- - buildings,rooms or areas. board cartons that have been tested and certified to meet the performance requirements specified in Part 178 of 49 CFR. A.3.3.9.4 Inhabited Building.The term includes any church, Cartons are required to be marked and labeled in compliance school,store, railway passenger station,airport passenger ter- with DOT regulations to indicate that fireworks are contained minal, and any other building or structure where people are in the packagings. `:1 1. 2003 Edition : ANNEXA 1124-35 _ ^x,,3.3.27 Explosive. This term includes but is not limited to (2) Minor repairs or modification of consumer fireworks not lynemite black powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, invoking exposed pyrotechnic material detonators. safety fuses,squibs.detonating cord, igniter cord, (3) Packing of finished consumer fireworks into consumer std igniters.The term explosive includes any materials deter- fireworks assortments mined to he within the scope of 18 USC.Chapter 40, "Impor- (4) Attachment of electric matches and minor repairs to dis- :ation, Manufacture, Distribution. and Storage of Explosive play fireworks and pyrotechnic articles Materials,"and also includes any materials classified as an ex- A.3.3.40.2 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material.The test mate- plosiye by the Hazardous Materials Regulations of the C.S. rial is at a temperature of 21°C to 2-VC (70°F to 75°F) and is Department of Transportation (U.S.DOT). See Annex E. placed against a 12.7-mm ('1-in.) steel plate. .4.3.3.29.3 Manufacturing Facility. The following operations are not considered to be manufacturing where performed in a A.3.3.40.5 Pyrotechnic Material (Pyrotechnic Special Effects separate building or area: Material).Such a chemical mixture consists predominantly of solids capable of producing a controlled.self-sustaining, self- (l) Assembly of display pieces from finished pyrotechnic ar contained exothermic chemical reaction that results in heat. tides classed as Explosive 1.4 gas, sound, or light, or a combination of these effects. The )2) Minor repairs or modification of consumer fireworks not chemical reaction functions without external oxygen. .• involving exposed pyrotechnic material (3) Packing of finished consumer fireworks into consumer A.3.3.47 Novelties and Trick Noisemakers. For further infor- fireworks assortments mation,see Annex C. (4) Attachment of electric matches and minor repairs to dis- play fireworks and pyrotechnic articles A.3.3.48 Oxidizer.Where such a chemical decomposes, it re- leases oxygen. In addition to ionic solids,an oxidizer can be a A.3.3.30 Fireworks.Toy caps for use in toy pistols, toy canes, material having covalent molecules containing halogen at- toy guns,and novelties and trick noisemakers are not consid- oms.An oxidizer is an ingredient of pyrotechnic materials. ered to be fireworks (seeAnnex C).The regulations referred to limit the explosive content of each toy cap to not more than an A.3.3.53 Prepackaged Fireworks Merchandise. Prepackaged average of 16.2 mg (0.25 gr). Also, each package containing fireworks merchandise are generally fireworks items or groups of such caps has to be labeled to indicate the maximum explosive fireworks items that have been packaged by the manufacturer or content per cap. For information on the use of model rockets distributor before they are offered for sale to the consumer.The and model rocket motors,see NFPA 1122. Code for Model Rork- packaging arrangement completely encapsulates the fireworks etrc. Model rockets and model rocket motors designed,sold, item or items within paperboard. cardboard, plastic wrap. or rand used for the purpose of propelling recoverable aero mod- similar materials or combinations of materials. Such encapsula- Is are not considered to be fireworks. lion ensures that a person must puncture,tear.unseal.or break open the package or otherwise damage or destroy the packaging A-3.3.30.2 Consumer Fireworks(Formerly Known as Common materials in order to gain access to. and directly handle. each Fireworks). Consumer fireworks are normally classed as Explo- sives, 1.4G and described as Fireworks, UN 0336 by the U.S. De- individual fireworks item to expose its fuse. parunent of Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see Annex C). Some A.3.3.59 Pyrotechnic Laboratory. A pyrotechnic laboraton- small devices designed to produce audible effects are included, typically processes small batches of chemicals and composi- such as whistling devices. ground devices containing 50 mg tions, manufactures prototypes, or conducts a-variety- of tests (0.8 gr) or less of explosive composition (salute powder), and and analyses.See Process Building.Section 3.3. and 4.9.9. aerial devices containing 130 mg(2 gr) or less of explosive com- position (salute powder) per explosive unit.Consumer fireworks A.3.3.71 Stars.Stars burn while in the air. producing color or contain limited quantities of pyrotechnic composition per unit streamer effects. and do not pose a mass explosion hazard where stored. There- A.3.3.73 Store. Stores are subclassified as Class A. Class B. or fore,they are not required to be stored in a magazine. Class C in accordance with NFI A 10r. Life Safety Coder. A.3.3.30.3 Display Fireworks(Formerly Known as Special Fire- works). Display fireworks are described as Fireworks, UN 0335 A.4.5.2 For information on the use of conductive surfaces to and are classed as Explosives. 1.3G by the C.S.Department of minimize the hazard of static electricity,see 20.3.6 of NFPA 99, Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see Annex O. Standard for Health Care Facilities. Display fireworks include, but are not limited to. the fol- A 4 5.5.1 In general. the wall having the largest area should lowing: he chosen to provide explosion relief. The entire area of the • (1) Salutes containing more than 130 mg (2 gr) of explosive wall should he utilized.The term :eeakwall is used to describe composition (salute powder) the relative strength of the explosion-relieving wall as com- (2) Aerial shells containing more than 60 g (2.1 oz) of total pared to the rest of the huilding pyrotechnic and explosive composition ' (3) Other display pieces that exceed the limit for classifica_ A.4.7.1(3) .k bullet-resistant roof should be constructed ac- tion as consumer fireworks cording to any of the specifications in Annex B. A bullet- resistant ceiling should be constructed at the cave line. cover • - A.3.3.33 Fuel. Fuel is an ingredient of pyrotechnic materials. ing the entire area of the magazine, except for the necessary A.3.3.38 Manufacturing. The following operations are not ventilation space. Examples of bullet-resistant ceiling con- .':onsidered to he manufacturing where perforated in a sepa- strtction include the following: ate building or area: (1) Any construction meeting the specifications in Annex B (1) Assembly of display pieces from finished pyrotechnic ar- !2) A sand tray having a sand depth of at least It)1.6 mni tides classed as Explosive 1.4 (i in.) 2003 Eaton L i 1124-36 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES £4.9.3.1 The use of barricades is highly recommended. (a) The following statement should be printed in capital '' A.4.10 The maximum quantity of salute powder that is per- letters at least 3 mm (Vs in.) high and be underlined: _., mitted in any process building or area is 4.5 kg (10 lb). WARNING DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE (b) The remaining printed matter does not need to be ' A.4.11.2 Where sufficient separation distances exist, the Re- printed in capital letters,but the letters should be at gional Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Fire- least 3 mm ('/r in.) high. arms can grant a variance from this requirement upon written (c) The required statements should be printed in a color z request. that contrasts sharply with the background and A.4.12.2.3 Smoking materials include matches,lighters,ciga- should be printed within a borderline. recces,cigars,and pipes. (d) The label should be at least 58 cm=(9 in.'),unless the 1:. size of the shell is too small to accommodate a label of A.4.12.5 Care should be exercised, since some oxidizers are such size, in which case the label should be reduced mutually incompatible.The NFPA Fire Protection Guide to Ha: to a size no smaller than necessary. ardous Materials,which contains the former NFPA 491, Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions, lists many oxidizers and other A.5.2.2 Corresponding grades and brands of explosive mates r_"' materials that result in hazardous interactions.Oxidizers corn- ] rials should be stored together so that brand and grade mark- monly include nitrates,chlorates,and perchlorates. ings are readily visible.All stock should be stored so it can be easily counted and checked. A.4.12.6 Where practicable, nonsparking machinery and r tooling should be used.To the extent practical,ferrous metals A.5.2.3 Where explosive materials are removed from the should be covered with nonsparking coatings such as epoxy magazine for use, the oldest stock should be used first. : paint. A.5.2.5 Open containers of explosive materials should be - A.4.14 For information on fireworks classification testing, closed securely before being returned to a magazine.No con- 12 contact the following agencies: tamer without a closed lid should be stored in a magazine. (1) U.S.Bureau of Mines,Columbia Plaza,2401 E Street,NW, A.5.4.3 Net weight equals the net weight of all pyrotechnic Washington,DC 20241. and explosive compositions and fuse only. For display fire- (2) Bureau of Explosives, c/o Association of American Rail- works, approximately 50 percent of the gross weight of the roads,50 F Street,NW,Washington,DC 20001. fireworks equals the net weight of composition and fuse. A.4.15.1 This requirement minimizes personnel exposure A.6.1.1 Requirements for consumer fireworks stored in con- and is distinct from any requirement on maximum building junction with the retail sales of consumer fireworks at a con- "" occupancy that might exist in local ordinances. sumer fireworks retail sales facility or store shall be in accor- dance with Chapter 7, Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks. A.4.17.5 Pile heights should be limited to 3.7 m (12 ft).Aisle widths should be equivalent to pile heights. For information A.6.1.6 Devices that are lacking labeling, ornamentation,or on general storage requirements, see NFPA 230, Standard for bases are considered to be finished for the purposes of Chap- the Fire Protection of Storage.For information on rack storage,see ter 6. NFPA 13,Standard far the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. £6.5.1 Where consumer fireworks storage buildings are sub- A.4.17.12 Water is the best means of fighting a fire involving divided with fire walls meeting the requirements of consumer fireworks. Suffocation methods and dry chemical ?#P.4 5001F",Building Construction and Safety Coder",so that no extinguishers are not as effective, since consumer fireworks area exceeds 12,000 ft2, an automatic sprinkler system is not compositions contain their own oxygen.A water-charged ex- required since each area is considered a separate building. tinguisher or a supply of water,such as a spigot and hose or a £6.6.1 An approved fire apparatus access is generally consid- barrel of water, should be readily available to fight incipient ered to be a paved road or other suitable all-weather surface, fires.If stored consumer fireworks become heavily involved in such as gravel or compacted earth, that can accommodate a a fire, employees should evacuate the area. The quantity of typical fire department vehicle such as a pumper.Such access consumer fireworks in storage and the location of the storage is not required to be a public street or alley but it is to be laid building with respect to adjacent buildings and combustible out and designed so that it can be readily used by the respond- materials should be considered in evaluating the type and ing fire department under all weather conditions without un- amount of portable fire-fighting equipment that should be Sthe P duly impeding fire department's access to the building or available. P' facility. A.4.19.5.2(3) As a minimum, each shell should bear a label A.6.7.1 In jurisdictions where a local building code is containing the following information: adopted and enforced, separation distances are usually mea- (1) Description of the size of the shell [e.g., 76-mm (3-in.) sured to property lines, except where there are two or more shell] buildings located on the same property.In that case,an imagi- (2) Description of the type of shell (for example,2-break with nary or assumed property line is generally assumed to be 10- report) cated somewhere between the buildings for the purpose of (3) Warning statement that reads as follows: determining the required separation distance between the WARNING:DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE. IF FOUND, DO buildings. Otherwise. the buildings can be treated as one NOT HANDLE. CONTACT LOCAL FIRE OR POLICE building for the purpose of applying building code require- .— DEPARTMENT. menu or the requirements in Chapter 6. However, it is the (4) Name and location of the business of the manufacturer, intent of this section to specify the minimum separation dis- importer, or distributor, with conspicuous labeling as tance necessary to minimize the propagation of fire by trans- T'. follows: mission of ejected burning materials.This distance is required 4 .. 2003 Edition Al pr_ nom ANNEX A 1124-37 1 s—nveen buildings, not between buildings and property lines ther real, imagined,or assumed. A.6.10 Extension cords should he approved and listed,mini- mum 14 gauge. A.6.11.4 Where pile heights exceed 3.7 m (12 ft).aisle widths should be increased proportionally so as to maintain the 4:1 ratio between pile height and aisle width. .x.6.11.7 The operator of each consumer fireworks storage or work building or area should train employees at least once a year using the written emergency response plan. A.7.1.5 This requirement is not intended to preclude the re- 30.4 m tail sales of consumer fireworks in occupancies that may be (100 ft) classified as Group H High Hazard (Hazardous) by a building code. -4--- i A.7.3.1 Specific information and requirements for permits 1,117.6 mm can be found in Section 1, NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Coder", for (44 in.) min. those jurisdictions that have not adopted a building code or fire code. A.7.6.1 An approved fire apparatus access is generally consid- ered to be a paved road or other suitable all-weather surface, such as gravel or compacted earth, that can accommodate a — typical fire department vehicle such as a pumper.Such access is not required to be a public street or alley but it is to be laid 15.2 m out and designed so that it can be readily used by the respond- ' (50 ft) ing fire department under all weather conditions without un- duly impeding the fire department's access to the facility. FIGURE A.7.8.5.3 Typical Design for Exit Access Aisle Sys- .4,7.8.1.2 NFPA 102,Standard for Grandstands,Folding and Tele- tem in Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. tic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures, has been refer- enced for the purpose of determining the requirements for the means of egress in tents and membrane structures except as modified by Section 7.8 for special requirements for the A.7.10 Consumer fireworks sealed in packaging meeting U.S. retail sales of consumer fireworks. It should be noted that al- DOT standards for shipping would not he considered to he on though 9.2.5 of NFPA 102 prohibits fireworks in any tent or display. t temporary membrane structure, the intent is to prohibit the i use,discharge,or ignition of fireworks within the tent or tern- A.7.10.2 The ability to view the entire retail sales area is im- porary membrane structure since unauthorized open flames portant for several reasons. For employees, such visibility gl- • are also prohibited in the same section. Consumer fireworks lows easier supervision of the customers and helps to mini- in and of themselves do not pose an unusual fire hazard when mile the possibility of malicious mischief. such as the willful • stored or placed on display for retail sales within a tent or setting of fires in the fireworks merchandise displays. It also temporary membrane structure unless they are actually ig- allows employees to quickly observe and respond to an incipi- nited or discharged. Chapter 7 in this code contains several ent fire condition. Response might include the following: provisions that specifically deal with how fireworks can be safely displayed or stored in tents or temporary membrane (1) Evacuation of the occupants structures for the purpose of selling them at retail. Those re- (2) Notification of the local fire department quirements are an effort to minimize the fire hazard associ- (3) Initiation of a fire attack using the fire extinguishers in ated with such fireworks. the facility, provided that the tire is still small enough A.7.8.2 Fire safety and evacuation plans should he prepared For the customers,such visibility allows them also to quickly by the owner or operator of the consumer fireworks retail sales see a developing fire condition and react accordingly. Exits and facility or store in consultation with the authority havingjuris- their corresponding paths of tram el are more easily observed,thus diction. minimizing panic and facilitating evacuation in a timely manner. A.7.8.5.3 The purpose of 7.8.5.3 is to ensure that a readily Full visibility can he easily achiev ed'oy keeping the height oFdis- available path of travel is provided to reach the required exits plays and displayed merchandise within the retail sales area be- and that such travel can occur under emergency conditions low adult eye level.Where displays located around the perimeter without significant impedance by the aisle arrangement. In of the retail sales area don't impact the ability to view the area.was fact, cross-aisles are required to facilitate access to alternate not necessary to limit their height. However, if it is desirable to ,--aisles and paths of travel in case an aisle or path of travel is have higher displays of merchandise within the retail sales area. 'locked by an incident.An example of how the requirements equivalent means of achieving full visibility should be employed, of 7.8.5.3 would be implemented for the design of an exit such as the use of unobstructed surveillance mirrors strategically access aisle system in a consumer fireworks retail sales facility is located throughout the sales area or the addition of more em- shown in Figure A.7.8.5.3. pluvecs who can walk the sales floor and monitor the customers. 2003 Edition • 1124-38 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES A.7.10.3 Flame breaks can be constructed of any of the fol- lowing: - (1) Sheet steel Flame break (2) Sheet aluminum not less than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) thick (3) Hardboard not less than 3 mm ('hn.) thick a (≤t s i m (4) Gypsum board not less than 10 mm (.%s in.) thick (<16 ft) ! (5) Wood panels not less than 3 mm ('1s in.) thick Packaged (6) Plywood not less than 6 mm ('/ in.) thick fireworks (7) Particleboard not less than 6 mm ('/s in.) thick N. ≤g,e m (8) Cement fiberboard (<32 ft) ' (9) Plastic laminate not less than 3 mm ('/s in.) thick t+1 (10) Safety glass not less than 3 mm ('/s in.) thick ≥ m nos m (28 ft) ( 8 (≤48 ft) ,, (11) Other approved material i Where installed within a retail display fixture containing a� consumer fireworks,the flame break should impede or retard `-0.9 r" ". the rapid spread of an incipient fire involving the fireworks (≤tstt) ,.'; and their packaging materials as any of the following occurs: ?y S (1) The fire progresses along a display level or shelf (2) The fire attacks another display level or shelf above (3) The fire attacks another display fixture abutting the dis- play fixture of origin. +' As a result of installing flame breaks to impede fire spread, FIGURE A.7.10.3.4 Packaged Fireworks Merchandise and 1. the quantity and rate of smoke production can be retarded as Flame Break Requirements. well. Thus, flame breaks can provide the building occupants with additional time to react to an incipient fire and safely evacuate the building.See Figure A.7.I0.3. A.7.10.5(3) This item describes performance criteria for how Flame beaks consumer fireworks displayed for sale in stores are to be pack- aged and displayed and appropriately restrained as needed `' depending upon the device and the manner in which it is Flame breaks _�I packaged and displayed. Thus, upon ignition by a fire in the �I retail sales display area containing consumer fireworks, the resultant effect of the ejection of pyrotechnic components will ' (� be reasonably limited so as not to pose an undue threat to . ��I' evacuating occupants or to cause rapid spread of the fire to — areas remote from the immediate area of the fire.The method - — and manner of packaging and deffective consumer ccl fireworks Flame break have been demonstrated to be effective in accomplishing the intent of this section. The performance criteria may also be met by enclosing consumer fireworks within bins.The packag- ing material itself can be designed to contain the consumer fireworks. The placement and arrangement of the consumer Display fixture fireworks within the packages or within bins or on shelves are also important factors. Other containment methods include fastening consumer fireworks together, restraining their movement with packaging materials, or placing consumer , FIGURE A.7.10.3 Flame Break Design. fireworks or packages of consumer fireworks within racks,con- . tainers, holders,or other structures. £7.10.3.4 The purpose of specifying prepackaged fireworks merchandise is to permit such merchandise to be used in aerial 6 This section describes performance criteria for how longer lengths of displays of consumer fireworks without the aerial deuces,which are described in C.3.1.2, are to be pack- installation of a flame break. It is presumed that prepackaged aged and displayed and appropriately restrained as needed fireworks merchandise do not readily ignite when exposed to depending upon the device and the manner in which it is a fire developing within the retail display area merchandise packaged and displayed. Thus, upon ignition by a fire in the retail sales display area containing devices,the resultant effect and do not readily contribute to or accelerate a fire that might spread along the surface of a display. See Figure A.7.10.3.4. of the ejection of pyrotechnic components will be reasonably Since the purpose of a flame break is to slow down the rapid limited so as not to pose an undue threat to evacuating occu- spread of a fire involving a retail display of consumer fireworks pants or to cause rapid spread of the fire to areas remote from to allow occupants time to react and evacuate the immediate the immediate area of the tire. The method and manner of area, properly prepackaged fireworks merchandise can also packaging and displaying aerial devices have been demon- serve the purpose of a flame break. For a description of pre- strated to be effective in accomplishing the intent of this sec- .* packaged fireworks merchandise,see£3.3.20, Covered Fuse. Lion.This performance criteria could also be met by enclosing t 2003 Edition rir ANNEX B 1124-39 s i t ^consumer fireworks within bins.The packaging material itself Annex B Magazine Construction can be designed to contain the consumer fireworks. The placement and arrangement of the aerial devices within the This annex is not a part of the requirements o Oka-VFPA document packages or within bins or on shelves are also important fac- but is included for informational purposes only. tots.Other containment methods include fastening aerial de- B.1 General. Magazines constructed in accordance with die sites together,restraining their movement vith packaging ma- following minimum specifications are approved as bullet resin- serials, or placing aerial devices or packages of aerial devices tant.All steel and wood dimensions are actual thickness: con- within racks,containers, holders,or other stnrctures. crete block and brick dimensions are nominal. A.7.10.7 Arrangement of horizontal plywood barriers should be as shown in Figure A.7.10.7. B.2 Steel Exterior.The steel exterior of a magazine should be constructed of one of the following: (1) 16-mm (%s-in.) steel with an interior lining of nonspark- ing material (2) 13-mm (r in.) steel with an interior lining of at least :Nsx1/4\\ \N'X\\\\\\"\\\\\\" \\\\\\\\\\\\\\'\D \\\\\\\\S 9.5-mm (N-in.) plywood t.,. - ---- (3) 9.5-mm (1/4-in.) steel lined with one of the following O U U UV materials: (a) 50.8-mm (2-in.) hardwood }' , x ¢ .,,x, (b) 76.2 mm (3-in.) softwood (c) 57.2 mm (2 m.) plywood �eN,vN"\vN. (4) 6.4-mm (1/4-in.) steel lined with one of the following IOU U 0 8 I materials: (a) 76.2-mm (3-in.) hardwood Ildttler5 ) (h) 127 mm (5-m ) softwood e'4114 xie.7 (c) 133.4-mm (5%+m.) plywood vvvvyvvv� yv"�1/41/4 IAK'SW�� v�� vI's (d) 38.1 mm (1112-in.) plywood with an intermediate layer of 50.8-mm (2-in.) of hardwood ELEVATION VIEW (5) 4.8-mm (s/ia-in.) steel lined with one of the following materials: (a) 101.6-mm (4-in.) hardwood ,(41f(IititAXILle s': 2FAVPS1 �' (b) 177.8 mm (7 m.) softwood 1.1. (c) 171.5-mm (b`:h m.) phwood - (d) 19.1 mm (1/4-in.) plywood with an intermediate layer of 76.2-mm (3-in.) of hardwood (6) 3.2-mm ('/s-in.) steel lined with one of the following :11.. e materials n I°r (a) 127-mm (a in.) hardwood „z � (b) 228.6-mm (9-in.) softwood (c) 19.1 mm ("4-in.) plywood with an intermediate laver of 101.6-mm 4-in.) of hardwood PLAN VIEW (d) Two lavers of 19.1-mm (1-in.) phwood with an inter- mediate laver of 92.1-mm t3'/s-in.). well-tamped, dry • Vertical rack member — Plywood barrier sand or sand cement mixture ❑ Horizontal rack member --- Wire mesh or steel grate B.3 Fire-Resistant Exterior. The exterior of any type of tire- I3 Oxidizer commodity 0 Sprinkler head resistant material in a magazine should include one of the ❑ Other commodity following to he considered structurally sound: FIGURE A.7.10.7 Arrangement of Horizontal Barrier Sepa- (1) Interior lining of 13-mm (1/4-in.) plywood placed securely rating Combustible Materials and Consumer Fireworks. against an intermediate 101.6-mm (4-in.) thick laser of solid concrete block,solid brick.or solid concrete A.7.11.3.6 See NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids (2) Interior lining of 19-mm (3-in.) ph-wood and all of the Code for the separation distances. following: (a) A first intermediate laver of 19-mm l%s-in.) plywood £7.12.5 Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for ad- A.7 .12. (b) A second intermediate layer of 92.1-mm (3/s m.). 1 information. well-tamped.dry sand or sand/cement mixture A.7.12.6 Training might be required by the C.S.Department (c) A third intermediate layer of 19-mm ('/,-in.) plywood 1-51-Transportation or the Occupational Safety and Health Ad- (d) A fourth intermediate laver of 50.8-mm (2-in.) hard- ministration as appropriate for the purpose of being em- wood or 14-gauge steel ployed in the operation of a consumer fireworks retail sales or (3) Intermediate 152.{-mm (6-in.) space tilled with well- storage facility. tamped,dry sand or sand/cement mixture 2003 Edition a 1124-40 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES jY `.i+2 B.4 Masonry Exterior. The masonry exterior of a magazine match is classed as 1.3G and described as"Fuse, Instantatte,, should be constructed of one of the following: non-detonating UN0101"or"Quick match UN0101."in F (1) Standard 203.2-mm (8-in.) concrete block with voids C.2.3 Blowout. The unintended release of a pressure egeg filled with well-tamped,dry sand or sand/cement mixture from other than the intended orifice of a fireworks device,(2) Standard 203.2-mm (&in.) solid brick Examples include expulsion of the bottom plug of a roman (3) Solid concrete of 203.2 mm (8 in.) candle, expulsion of the clay choke of a fountain, or the ni:.w (4) Two layers of 101.6-mm (4-in.) concrete block turing of the wall of a mine or shell. [t] P C.2.4 Burnout The unintended escape of flame through the wall of a pyrotechnic chamber during functioning of a fire. Annex C Extract from American Pyrotechnics works device. [t] . Association Standard 87-1, Standard for Construction and C.2.5 Chemical Composition. All pyrotechnic and explosive Approval for Transportation of Fireworks 'r.` composition contained in a fireworks device. Inert materials 1.•;. This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document such as clay used for plugs,or organic matter such as rice hops but is included or in used for density control, are not considered to be chemical ]' fformational purposes only. composition. t f] s: to ap- proval by du U Introduction. ParDepartmentParagraphs in this annex Transportation (U.S.that DOT) C.2.5.1 Explosive Composition.Any chemical compound or for transportation of fireworks are indicated by a dagger[t] at mixture,the primary purpose of which is to function by explo .. � the end of the appropriate paragraphs. sion,producing an audible effect in a fireworks device. [t] C.1.1 This annex provides manufacturers, importers, and dis- C.2.5.2 Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that tributors of fireworks and novelties information to assist them in on burning and without explosion produces visible or brilliant manufacturing, testing, shipping, and labeling the products of displays or bright lights,or whistles or motion. [f] _ - the fireworks industry in accordance with applicable federal laws C.2.6 Fireworks.Any device,other than a novelty,intended to and current good manufacturing practices. [t] produce visible or audible effects, or both, by combustion, C.1.2 The information in this annex should enable manufac- deflagration, or detonation. Fireworks are further described as "Fireworks UN0336" or "Fireworks UN0337" (former) curers, importers, and distributors of fireworks and novelties s to provide their customers with products that can be trans- Common Fireworks and now referred to in this document as ported and used safely and without unreasonable risk. roreferred Fireworks), "Forbidden Fireworks," "Fireworks — UN0335" (formerly Special Fireworks and now referred to in C.1.3 Fireworks and novelties are not acceptable for trans- this document as Display Fireworks). [ti portation within the jurisdiction of the United States unless (Note that propelling and expelling charges consisting of a they are classed, packaged, labeled, and marked and are in mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter are not considered proper condition for shipment in accordance with the U.S. as designed to produce audible effects.) DOT regulations in 49 CFR.See Section C.5 of this annex for further discussion. [}] C.2.6.1 Consumer Fireworks (formerly Common Fireworks). Any fireworks device for use by the public that complies with C.1.4 Consumer fireworks (fireworks classed as 1.4G and the construction,performance,composition,and labeling re- 1.4S, formerly Common Fireworks) and novelties are not ac- quirements promulgated by the U.S. Consumer Product ceptable for sale to the public unless they are manufactured, Safety Commission (CPSC)in 16 CFR,in addition to any limits labeled,and sold in conformance with the regulations of the and other requirements of this document. See Section C.3 of U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)published this annex for details. [t] in 16 CFR.See Section C.3 of this annex for further discussion. C.2.6.2 Display Fireworks (formerly Special Fireworks). Fire- (Note that Consumer fireworks are normally classed as works devices primarily intended for commercial displays that 1.4G but can be classed by U.S. DOT as 1.4S on the basis of specific test results.) are designed to produce visible or audible effects,or both, y combustion, deflagration, or detonation, including, but not C.1.5 United States laws and regulations prescribe manda- limited to,salutes containing more than 2 grains (130 mg) of tory requirements that a person must follow in order to mar- explosive composition; aerial shells containing more than ket certain products. In these instances,failure to comply can 1.4 oz (40 g) of chemical composition exclusive of lift charge; be regarded by courts as negligence per se in product liability and other exhibition display items that exceed the limits con- litigation. rained in this document for consumer fireworks. Certain de- vices intended for signaling,illuminating,and incendiary pur- C.1.6 This annex applies to fireworks devices and novelties poses and formerly classed as Special Fireworks no longer fall for entertainment purposes. [t] into this fireworks category. See Section C.4 of this annex for C.2 Definitions. details. [t] C.2.6.3 Theatrical Pyrotechnics. Pyrotechnic devices for pro- C.2.1 Approval. For purposes of this annex, approval means fessional use in the entertainment industry similar to con- the assignment of proper hazard class, E% number, and proper shipping name by the U.S. DOT so that fireworks and sumer fireworks in chemical composition and construction novelties can be transported under conditions specified in but not intended for consumer use.Such articles meeting the 49 CFR See Section C.5 of this annex for details. [t] weight limits for consumer fireworks but not labeled as such and containing only chemicals shown in Table C.4.3.1 can be C.2.2 Black Match.Afuse made from thread impregnated with approved under the provisions of this document and classified black powder and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices, Black as"Article,Pyrotechnic, 1.4G, UN0431." [t] Pt 2003 Edition ANNEX C 1124-41 1 rir----- (Note that theatrical pyrotechnics devices can he classed as whistling effect or smoke,is produced.This device can be pro- -article,Pyrotechnic, 1.4S,UN0432"by C.S.DOT on the basis vided with a spike for insertion into the ground (Spike Foun- „fspecific test results.) lain), a wood or plastic base for placing on the ground (Base Fountain), or a wood or cardboard handle to he hand-held C.2.7 Labeling.A display of written, printed. or graphic mat- (Handle Fountain). Where more than one tube is mounted .er upon a fireworks device(s) or upon the immediate con- on a common base, total pyrotechnic corn position cannot ex. miner of any such device(s), or both. Included are diamond- reed 7.1 oz(200 g). shaped labels required by G.S.DOT to be displayed on outside packaging for transportation purposes.The teen also includes C.3.1.1.2 Cone Fountain. Cardboard or heavy paper cone con- • mv identification, cautions, and other information required mining not more than 1.8 oz t50 g) of pyrotechnic composition. tby this document or by any federal government agency. [t] The effect is the same as that of a aiindrical fountain. Where more than one cone is mounted on a common base, total plro- C?.8 Marking.The application of the proper shipping name. technic composition cannot exceed 7.1 oz (200 g). [ti identification number (UN number), nstmctions, cautions, weight, or specification mark or combination thereof to a C.3.1.1.3 Illuminating Torch.Cylindrical tube containing not package of hazardous material. Marking also includes any re- more than 3.5 oz (100 g) of pyrotechnic composition that pro- ' quired specification mark on the inside or outside of a ship- duces a colored flame upon ignition. Can be spike, base, or ping container. [t] hand-held.Where more than one tube is mounted on a com- mon base,total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed 7.1 oz • C.2.9 Novelty. A device containing small amounts of pyre- . (200 g). [t] technic or explosive composition. or both, but not described i as consumer fireworks.Such devices produce limited visible or C.3.1.1.4 Wheel. Pyrotechnic device intended to be attached audible effects. These items shall be classed as 1.4G. unless to a post or tree by means of a nail or string. Can have one or • • classed as 1.4S or deregulated as a hazardous material by C.S. more drivers,each of which can contain not more than 2.1 oz DOT on the basis of specific test results. [t] (60 g) of pyrotechnic composition. No wheel can contain more than 7.1 oz(200 g) total pyrotechnic composition.Upon 1 0.2.10 Placard. A warning symbol of a square-on-point con- ignition, the wheel revolves,producing a shower of color and figuration mounted on each side and each end of a truck,mil • car, or freight container that informs the public and emer sparks and,sometimes,a whistling effect. [t] gency personnel of the hazardous nature of the cargo, as C.3.1.1.5 Ground Spinner.Small device containing not more specified in 49 CFR, Part 172. [t] than 0.7 oz (20 g) of pyrotechnic composition,venting out an orifice usually on the side of the tube.Similar in operation to a C.2.11 Quick Match(Instantaneous Fuse).Black match that is wheel butintended to he placed flat on the ground and io encased in a loose-fitting paper sheath to make it burn es- sited. but r of sparks and color is produced by the rapidly tremely rapidly. Quick match is used for aerial shells and for spinning device. [t] simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic devices, such as lances in a ground display piece. Quick match is C.3.1.1.6 Flitter Sparkler. Narrow paper tube attached to a classed as 1.3G and described as "Fuse, instantaneous, non- stick or wire and filled with not more than 0.2 oz (5 g) of I detonating" or "Quick match," and assigned identification pyrotechnic composition that produces color and sparks upon number"UN0101." [t] ignition.The paper at one end of the tube is ignited to make C.2.12 Safety Fuse. A fuse consisting of a thread-wrapped the device function. [t] black powder train that has been coated with a water-resistant in C.3.1.1.7 Toy Smoke Device.Small plastic or paper item con- material. Such fuse is typically 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) outside taming not more than 3.5 oz 100 g) pyrotechnic composition diameter and frequently green in color. Safety Fuse is de- that upon ignition. produces white or colored smoke as the • scribed as"Fuse.Safety UN0105"and classed as 1.4S. [ti primary effect. (These devices.where complying with the pro- visions of this annex,are classed as 1.4G unless classed as l.4S C.3 Requirements for Consumer Fireworks, Novelties, and Theatrical Pyrotechnics. Devices in this category formerly or not regulated as an explosive by C.S. DOT on the basis of specific test results.) [t] classed as Class C Explosive. Common Fireworks, are now classed as"Fireworks L4G"under the UN system.and referred C.3.1.2 Aerial Devices. to in this document as Consumer Fireworks. C.3.1.2.1 Sky Rockets and Bottle Rockets. Cylindrical tube Devices intended for non-consumer use in the entertain- containing industry that meet the chemical composition require- not more than 0.7 oz 20 g) of chemical composi- rnent menu of this annex can be classed as 1.-4G and described .0 oun with a wooden stick attached for guidance and stability. "Article, Pyrotechnic CN0431" under the provisions of this Rockets rise into the air upon ignition. A burst of color or document but are not required to comply with the fuse. con- sound, or both, can be produced at or near the height of struction,and labeling requirements of this annex. flight. [1" C.3.1 Types of Consumer Fireworks.The following fireworks 0.3.1.2.2 Missile-type Rocket.A device similar to a sky rocket devices are subject to the requirements of Section C.3 of this m size, composition, and effect that uses fins rather than a annex. [t] stick for guidance and stability.Missiles shall not contain more • st than 0.7 oz (20 g) of total chemical composition. [t] vices.C.3.1,1 Ground and Hand-Held Sparkling and Smoke De- C.3.1.2.3 Helicopter, Aerial Spinner. A tube containing not more than 0.7 oz t20 g) of chemical composition,with a pro- C.3.1.1.1 Cylindrical Fountain. Cylindrical tube containing or blade attached. Upon ignition. the rapidly spinning not more than 2.6 oz (75 g) of pyrotechnic composition, device rises into the air.A visible or audible effect can he pro- Upon ignition, a shower of colored sparks. and sometimes a duced it or near the height of flight. [t] 2003 Edition 1124-42 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES - _ Fr It i C.3.I.2.4 Roman Candle. Heavy paper or cardboard tube per item. (These items are not regulated as explosives for containing not more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of chemical composi- transportation purposes. However, some meet the criteria for 4 don. Upon ignition, "stars" (pellets of pressed pyrotechnic flammable solids.) [t] composition that burn with bright color) are individually ex- pelted. [t] C.3.2.5 Toy Caps.Toy plastic or paper caps for toy pistols in i sheets, strips, rolls. or individual caps, containing not more C.3.1.2.5 Mine,Shell. Heave cardboard or paper tube usually than an average of 16 mg (0.25 grains) of explosive composi.attached to a wooden or plastic base and containing not more tion per cap. Toy caps are described as "Fireworks UN0336" than 1.4 oz (40 g) of chemical composition plus not more and classed as 1.4G.Toy caps are to be packed in inside pack- i.- than 0.7 oz (20 g) of"lift"charge [the part that actually lifts ages constructed of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. the aerial effect(s) into the air] per tube. Upon ignition, (0.33 mm) in thickness,metal not less than 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) f"stars" (see C.3.1.2.4), components producing reports con- in thickness, noncombustible plastic not less than 0.015 in. i_ mining up to 2 grains (130 mg) of explosive composition per (0.38 mm)in thickness,ora composite blister package consist- report(see C.3.1.3.1),or other devices are propelled into the ing of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. (0.33 mm) in thick- air. A mine can contain more than one tube, provided the ness, and noncombustible plastic not less than 0.005 in. i tubes fire in sequence upon ignition of one external fuse.To- (0.13 mm) in thickness, which are to provide a complete en • - tal chemical composition including lift charges of any mul- closure.The minimum dimensions of each side or end of such tiple tube device cannot exceed 7.1 oz (200 g). [t] package are to be not less than CVs in. (3.2 mm) in height.The - 1 C.3.1.3 Audible Ground Devices. number of caps in these inside packages is to be limited so that no more than 10 grains(650 mg)of the explosive composition C.3.1.3.1 Firecracker.Small,paper-wrapped or cardboard tube of toy caps are to be packed in any inside container. These containing not more than 0.8 grains (50 mg) of explosive com- inner containers are to he packed in outside containers meet- position,except that those used in aerial devices can contain up ing the requirements specified in C.5.3.1 of this annex. [t] to 2 grains (130 mg) of explosive composition per report.Upon C.3.2.6 Other Novelties.Devices intended to produce unique ignition,noise and a flash of light are produced. [t] visual or audible effects and containing 0.8 grains (50 mg) or (Note that firecrackers are not subject to the requirements less of explosive composition and limited amounts of other of fuse in C.3.5.1 and chemicals in C.3.6.1 of this annex.) pyrotechnic composition. Examples include cigarette loads, C.3.1.3.2 Chaser. Paper or cardboard tube venting out the trick matches, explosive auto alarms, and other trick noise fuse end of the tube containing not more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of makers. It] chemical composition. The device travels along the ground C.3.3 Other Devices.Any device producing unique pvrotech- _ upon ignition.A whistling effect or other noise is often pro- nic or explosive effects or combinations of effects not enumer- duced. Explosive composition can be included to produce a ated in Section C.3 of this annex. [t] report but cannot exceed 0.8 grains (50 mg). { C.3.4 Combination Items. Fireworks devices intended to pro- C.3.2 Types of Novelties.The following devices are classed as duce more than one of the effects described in Section C.3 of Fireworks I.4G and described as Fireworks UN0336 unless this annex,and that contain not more than 7.1 oz (200 g) of they are classed as I.4S or not regulated as hazardous mated- total chemical composition. in ] ! als based on specific test results. These devices that are not C.3.5 Specific Requirements. regulated are not considered to be consumer fireworks. It] C.3.2.1 Party Popper. Small plastic or paper item containing C.3.5.1 Fuse. not more than 0.25 grains (16 mg) of explosive composition C.3.5.1.1 Only safety fuse or other fuse that has been pro- that is friction sensitive.A string protruding from the device is tested to resist side ignition can be used in devices subject to usually pulled to ignite it.This item expels nonflammable pa- the requirements of this annex. per streamers or other nonflammable novelties, or both, and See APA 87-1,Annex B,for method of measuring resistance produces a small report. [t] to side ignition.Devices,such as ground spinners,that require a restricted orifice for proper functioning and that contain C.3.2.2 Snapper. Small, paper-wrapped item containing not more than 0.02 grains (1 mg) of explosive composition coated less than oz (6 g) of pyrotechnic requirements off C C.3 composition are not sub- more to the on small bits of sand,and packaged with sawdust in individual t .3.5.1.1. C.3.5.1.2 The fuse needs to be of sufficient length to burn at containers of not more than 50 units.When dropped, the de- vice explodes,producing a small report. [t] least 3 seconds but not more than 6 seconds before ignition of the device, except that fuse for roman candles or similar de- C.3.2.3 Snake, Glow Worm. Pressed pellet of not more than vices requiring a longer fuse for safe functioning can burn up 0.07 oz (2 g) of pyrotechnic composition and packaged in to 12 seconds before ignition of the device. retail packages of not more than 25 units that produces as the C.3.5.1.3 The fuse needs to be securely attached, so that it primary effect a snake-like ash upon burning. The ash ex- will support either the weight of the device plus 8 oz (227 g) of pands in length as the pellet burns. (These devices are not regulated for transportation purposes.) UM] dead weight or double the weight of the device,whichever is less,without separation from the fireworks device. O.3.2.4 Sparkler. Wire or stick coated with pyrotechnic com- C.3.5.2 Construction. position,that cannot exceed 3.5 oz (100 g) per item,that pro- ,- duces a shower of sparks upon ignition. These items cannot C.3.5.2.1 Bases. Each fireworks device that requires a base contain magnesium, except that magnalium (magnesium- needs to utilize a base of wood or plastic (preferably non- iii .,,, aluminum alloy) is permitted. Items containing any chlorate brittle, medium-impact polystyrene).The minimum horizon or perchlorate salts cannot exceed 0.2 oz(5 g) of composition tal dimension or the diameter of the base needs to be equal to 2003 Edition r ANNEX C 1124-43 •ast one-third the height of the device (excluding any pro- chemical enumerated in Table 0.3.6.1, except for trace . ,_ .ding fuse), unless the device remains upright when sub- amounts as impurities.and except as specified therein. [t] ? jected to a tilt of 12 degrees from the horizontal. Bases are to [Note that display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics remain firmly attached to the item during transportation.han- (see C.2.6.3) are not subject to the provisions of this annex.) filing,and normal operation. { See APA 87-1,Annex B,for method of measuring. Table C.3.6.1 Prohibited Chemicals for Consumer Fireworks C.3.5.2.2 Sticks. The stick on a rocket (including skyrockets 11 and bottle rockets),and on other fireworks devices that utilize Arsenic sulfide,arsenates,or arsenites j { a stick, is to be firmly attached to the body of the device by Boron means of glue, staples,or wire,and is to be secure enough to Chlorates.except: remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, and In colored smoke mixtures in which an equal or greater i normal operation.Sticks are to be rigid and of such length so weight of sodium bicarbonate is included as to assure stable flight. The maximum curvature of such In party poppers • stick(s) cannot exceed 1 in. (25 mm). In those small items (such as ground spinners) wherein $ See APA 87-1,Annex B, for method of testing rigidity. the total powder content does not exceed 4 g (0.14 oz) f . of which not greater than 15 percent or 600 mg C.3.5.2.3 Handles. Each fireworks device that is intended to (9.3 grains) is potassium,sodium,or barium chlorate be hand-held and is so marked is to incorporate a handle at In firecrackers 1 least 4 in. (101 mm) in length. Handles are to remain firmly In toy caps •attached during transportation,handling, and normal opera- Gallates or gallic acid t tion of the device,or are to consist of an integral section of the Magnesium (magnesium/aluminum alloys,called device extending at least 4 in. (101 mm) below the pyrotech- magnasium,are permitted) k nic chamber, except that sparklers 10 in. (253 mm) or less in Mercury salts F i length shall have handles at least 3 in. (76 mm) in length. Phosphorus (red or white),except that red phosphorus is permissible in caps and party poppers C.3.5.2.4 Spikes. Spikes that constitute an integral part of a Picrates or picric acid fireworks device are to protrude at least 2 in. (51 mm) from es the base of the device and are to have a blunt tip not less than Titani• a ,ex '/s in. (3.2 mm) in diameter or i�in. (3.2 mm) square. Titanium,except in particle size greater than 100 mesh Zirconium ""05.2.5 Pyrotechnic Chamber.The pyrotechnic chamber in . reworks device that functions other than by exploding needs to be of sufficient thickness and rigidity to allow normal C.3.6.2 Prohibited Components. No component of any con- functioning of the device without burnout or blowout. The sumer fireworks device or novelty can, upon functioning, chamber also needs to be constructed and sealed to prevent • project or disperse any metal, glass. or brittle plastic frag- leakage of the pyrotechnic composition during transporta- merits. [t] tion,handling,and normal operation. [ti C.3.6.3 Forbidden Explosive Devices.Any explosive device in- C.3.5.2.6 Wings.Wings on helicopter-type rockets and similar tended for sale to the public that produces an audible effect devices need to be securely attached to the body by means of (other than awhistle) bya charge of more than 2 gains(130 mg) gluing, wiring, or other appropriate means so that they will of explosive composition per report.Devices obtained for bona remain firmly attached during transportation. handling, and fide pest control purposes in accordance with regulations pro- normal operation. mitigated by CPSC in 16 CFR,are not forbidden. For transportation purposes,the term forbidden explosive C.3.5.2.7 Wheel Devices. Each wheel device needs to be con- devices also includes mixtures or devices containing a chlorate structed so that the driver(s), motor(s), and axle(s), where needed (i.e.,on wheel devices intended to operate in a fixed and an ammonium salt or an acidic metal salt, devices that contain yellow or white phosphorus. devices that combine an location),remain securely attached to the device during trans- explosive and a detonator or blasting cap,and any device that portation, handling,and normal operation. has not been approved by the L.S. DOT. [t] C.3.5.2.8 Aerial Devices. Each device intended to produce a C.3.7 Approval.All consumer fireworks (Fireworks UN0336), visible or audible effect high in the air needs to be designed to novelties, and theatrical pyrotechnics offered for transporta- produce the effect at or near the apogee of its flight. tion in the United States need to be classified and approved C.3.5.2.9 Smoke Devices.Each smoke device needs to be con- for transportation purposes by the DOT. in accordance with structed so that it will neither burst nor produce excessive the following procedure. [t] flame (excluding fuse and small but brief bursts of flame ac- C.3.7.l Fireworks and novelties containing only mixtures of companying normal smoke production). Smoke devices can- chemicals specified in Table C.4.3.1 but none of the chemicals not contain plastic in direct contact with the pyrotechnic corn- prohibited by C.3.6. For each item for which approval is position, nor can smoke devices resemble, in color anti sought, manufacturers need to submit a copy of the Approval configuration, banned fireworks devices,such as M80 salutes, Application (see APA 87-I, Annex Di to the L.S. DOT. L.S. merry bombs,or silver salutes. DOT can issue an approval for the desire as 1.4G based on the .3.6 Prohibited Chemicals and Components, information contained in the form or, at its option, can re- quire pyrotechnic laboratory examination by the Bureau of C.3.6.1 Prohibited Chemicals. Consumer fireworks devices Explosives. Bureau of Mines, or other pyrotechnic laboratory offered or intended for sale to the public cannot contain a acceptable to U.S. DOT. [t] 2003 Edition 112414 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES - .fit C.3.7.2 Consumer fireworks devices and theatrical pyrotech- merly described as Special Fireworks, and dossed as "Class B ,. nics containing any chemical not specified in Table C.4.3.1, Explosives"). This includes multiple tube devices containing but none of the chemicals prohibited by C.3.6. For each item more than 7.1 oz (200 g) of total chemical composition. tt]for which approval is sought, the manufacturer needs to sub- C.4.1.3.2 Certain devices intended for signaling,mit a sample of each device to the Bureau of Explosives, Bu- ga g, does, air- - reau of dines, or other pyrotechnic laboratory acceptable to ing, and incendiary purposes such as railway torpedoes, air- P plane flares, illuminating projectiles, incendiary and smoke U.S.DOT(such as a recognized competent authority for fire- projectiles,and flash cartridges,formerly described as Special works manufactured abroad) for examination and thermal Fireworks, no longer fall into the "Fireworks" category under stability testing.The manufacturer needs to then submit a fire- the U.S. DOT regulations effective on October 1, 1991, and works Approval Application (see APA 87-I,Annex D) together are not part of this annex. [t] with the appropriate pyrotechnic laboratory reports to U.S. DOT.U.S.DOT can then issue approval based on the informa- C.4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells. tion contained in the application and accompanying pyro- C.4.2.I Each shell is to be identified only in terms of the technic laboratory reports. [t] inside diameter(and not the circumference) of the mortar in ' ' C.3.7.3 Theatrical pyrotechnics containing only mixtures of which it can be safely used. [e.g.,3-in. (76-mm) shells are only chemicals specified in Table 0.4.3.1. For each item for which for use in Sin. (76-mm) mortars]. C.4.2.2 Each shell needs to be constructed so that the differ- approval is sought, manufacturers need to submit a copy of the Approval Application (see APA 87-1,Annex D) to the U.S. ence between the inside diameter of the mortar in which it DOT. U.S. DOT can issue an approval for the device as 1.4G can be safely used and the outside diameter of the shell is no '�[ based on the information contained in the form or, at its op- less than Vs in. (3.2 mm)and no more than 1/a in. (6.4 mm)for don, can require pyrotechnic laboratory examination by the shells not exceeding 3 in. (76 mm) or 'Fz in. (12.7 mm) for .4 Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other pyrotechnic shells larger than 3 in. (76 mm). laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [t] C.4.2.3 Each shell needs to be marked with the type of shell, C.3.7.4 If classification other than as 1.4G is sought,the U.S. the diameter measurement, and the name of the manufac- DOT approval procedure in 49 CFR,173.56(b)(1) needs to be turer or distributor. C.4.2.4 The length of the internal delay fuse and the amount followed.This includes obtaining a pyrotechnic laboratory re- port from the Bureau of Explosives or other pyrotechnic labo- of lift charge needs to be sized to ensure proper functioning of ratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [t] the shell in its mortar.Quick match fuse,if required,needs to be long enough to allow not less than 6 in. (152 mm)of fuse to - C.3.8 Marking and Labeling. Fireworks intended for con- protrude from the mortar after the shell is properly inserted. sumer sale and use need to be labeled in conformance with C.the requirements. of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act less 5 The length of exposed black match on a shell cannot and regulations promulgated thereunder in 16 CFR, Part be doubled thba 3 in. (e under the and the fuse o, the to be folded o- 1500. All outside packaging containing fireworks must be tween book the the safety ety cap.o edAl b,black time ands i- marked and labeled in conformance with 49 CFR, Part 172. titon o ignition lift of thetip of the exposedthan match on and low See APA 87-1,Annex C,and Section C.5 of this annex for de- the of the r charge cannot be less 3 seconds to allow tails and examples. [t] the operator to retreat safely. C.4.2.6 A safety cap needs to be installed over the exposed C.4 Requirements for Display Fireworks Devices. Devices in end of the fuse.The safety cap needs to be of a different color this category, formerly classed as Class B Explosives, Special than that used for the paper of the fuse. Fireworks,are now classed as 1.3G under the UN system and C.4.3 Approval. Prior to being offered for transportation in referred to in this annex as Display Fireworks. the United States, all display fireworks ("Fireworks 1.3G") C.4.I Types of Display Fireworks Devices.The following fire- need to be classified and approved by U.S.DOT in accordance works devices are subject to the requirements of Section C.4 of with the following procedures. [t] this annex. [t] C.4.3.1 Devices Containing Only Mixtures of Chemicals C.4.1.1 Aerial Shell.A cylindrical or spherical cartridge con- Specified in Table C.4.3.1.The manufacturer needs to submit taining chemical composition exceeding 1.4 oz (40 g) in a copy of the Approval Application (see APA 87-1,Annex D) to weight or explosive composition exceeding 2 grains (130 mg) U.S. DOT for any item that has not previously been approved by U.S. per report, and a black powder propelling charge (lift DOT. U.S. DOT can issue an approval for the device charge). Shells are most commonly 3 in. to 6 in. (76 mm to based on the information contained in the form or, at its top- he 152 mm) in diameter and are fired from metal or heavy card- Lion, can require pyrotechnic laboratory' examination by the board tubes. Upon firing, the lift charge is consumed and the Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other pyrotechnic cartridge is expelled into the air.A pyrotechnic effect is pro- laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [t] duced near the apogee of flight. C.4.3.2 Devices Containing any Chemical not Specified in Table C.4.3.1. For each item for which approval is sought.the C.4.1.2 Salute. Paper-wrapped or cardboard tube containing manufacturer needs to submit a sample of each pyrotechnic explosive composition in excess of 2 grains (130 mg). Upon mixture containing any chemical not specified in Table ignition, noise and a flash of light are produced. [t] C.4.3.1 to the Bureau of Explosives or other pyrotechnic labo- C.4.1.3 Other Fireworks Devices. APA acceptable to U.S.DOT for examination.The manufac- turer then submits an Approval Application (see A 87-1,An- C.4.1.3.1 Where the quantity of explosive or pyrotechnic nex D), together with the appropriate pyrotechnic laboratory composition, or both, exceeds the limit for inclusion in the reports to U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT can then issue approval based "Fireworks UN0336" category, devices enumerated in C.3.1 on the information contained in the application and accom- are classed as 1.3G and described as"Fireworks UN0335" (for- [Dallying pyrotechnic laboratory report(s). 1 ` 2003 Edition - rw---- „go ANNEX C 1124-45 'Table C.4.3.1 Standard Fireworks Chemicals Miscellaneous Compounds: Organic compounds [compounds such as lactose,shellac. Chemical Typical Use red gum,chlorinated paraffin,and polyvinyl chloride,consist- - ing of some combination of carbon with hydrogen,oxygen,or Aluminum Fuel chlorine,or all three;nitrogen can he present if it accounts for Unmonium perchlorate Oxygen donor less than 10 percent(by weight) of the compound]. Antimony Fuel [Note that exact chemical identity of each organic corn- Antimony sulfide Fuel pound is to he included when submitting an Approval Appli- Barium carbonate Neutralizer cation (see APA 87-1,Annex D) to C.S. DOT.] [t] Barium nitrate Oxygen donor Barium sulfate Oxygen donor C.5 Shipping Requirements. Boric acid Neutralizer C.5.1 Transportation Regulating Authorities. Transportation Calcium carbonate Neutralizer Calcium sulfate Oxygen donor of fireworks is regulated by the United States Department of Carbon or charcoal Fuel Transportation (U.S. DOT). Some states and municipalities Copper metal Color agent also regulate transportation of fireworks through their juris- Copper oxide Oxygen donor.color agent diction,often by incorporation of federal regulations. [t] Copper salts (except copper Color agent C.5.2 Approval. Except for samples prepared in accordance chlorate) with U.S.DOT regulations,no fireworks device or novelty can Dextrine Fuel/binder be offered for transportation or be transported until it is Hexamethylenenetetramine Fuel classed and approved by U.S. DOT,and an approval number (hexamine) (EX number) is issued (49 CFR.Part 173.86). (See Sections C.3 Iron and iron alloys (e.g., Fuel and C.4 of this annex and APA 87-1.Annex D.)U)I ferro/titanium) Iron oxide Oxygen donor C.5.2.1 EX numbers for fireworks contained in a shipping Magnalium Fuel carton need to be marked on the shipping carton or on the (magnesium/aluminum) shipping paper. [t] Magnesium (in display Fuel C.5.2.2 Cartons containing more than 5 different fireworks fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics only) devices need to be marked with at least 5 of the EX numbers Magnesium carbonate Neutralizer covering items in the carton, or the EX numbers need to ap- F lagnesium sulfate Oxygen donor pear on the shipping paper [49 CFR, Parts 172.320(c) and . Nitrocellulose-based lacquers Binder (d)]. [t] Phosphorus,red (only as Fuel C.5.3 Packaging. With certain exceptions. "Fireworks provided in Table C.3.6.1) UN0335" (formerly Special Fireworks), "Fireworks UN0336" Potassium or sodium benzoate Whistle (formerly Common Fireworks) and Novelties. are to he se- Potassium bichromate Oxygen donor curely packaged in containers complying with C.S. DOT regu- (potassium dichromate) lations.Gross weight limitation per package is now dictated by (not to exceed 5%of the weight marked on the certified packaging. Until October formulation) 1, 1996,these materials were packaged in accordance with the Potassium chlorate (only as Oxygen donor provided in Table C.3.6.1) regulations in effect on September 31, 1991 (i.e., U.S. DOT Potassium hydrogen phthalate Whistle 12B boxes).These materials can be offered in accordance with Potassium nitrate Oxygen donor the new package requirements promulgated under Docket Potassium perchlorate Oxygen donor No. HM-l81 as of January 1. 1991. However, except as noted Potassium sulfate Oxygen donor below, compliance with these new package standards is man- Sodium bicarbonate (sodium Neutralizer datory as of October 1, 1996. Fireworks packaged prior to Oc- hydrogen carbonate) toher 1, 1991, in packagings that comply with previous U.S. Sodium nitrate Oxygen donor DOT regulations (such as 12B boxes),can he used until Octo- Sodium salicylate Whistle ber 1.2001,but only for shipments in domestic commerce and Sodium salts (except sodium Color agent only if the package has not been emptied or refilled on or chlorate) after October 1, 1991 [49 CFR.Part 171.14(u].Articles with Sodium sulphate Oxygen donor match or friction tip ignition are to be packed so that each Strontium carbonate Color agent individual tip is protected against accidental contact or fric- Strontium nitrate Oxygen donor Lion (49 CFR,Part 173.108).Loose chemical composition call- Strontium salts (except Color agent not be present in packages in transportation [49 CFR. Part strontium chlorate) 172.102(c)(108)]. Strontium sulfate Oxygen donor Sulfur Fuel C.5.3.I Toy Cap Packaging. Until October 1. 1996, toy caps Titanium (particle size>100 Fuel were packaged in accordance with 49 CFR. Part 173.109, in mesh if 1.4G or 1.4S effect on September 31, 1991 _i.e.. U.S DOT 12B fiberboard Fireworks) boxes,with gross weight not to exceed 65 lb (30 kg)J.Toy caps are to he packaged in inner containers meeting the require- ments specified in C.3.2.5 of this annex.Toy caps must not be packed with other fireworks. ;.t_ 2003 Edition 1124-46 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES , a C.5.4 Placards. Unless otherwise provided, each motor ye- Annex D Glossary hide, freight container, and rail car is to bear appropriate 1 s� placards on each end and each side [49 CFR, Part 172.504 This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA dqy (a)]. Vehicles containing packages of consumer fireworks but is included for infotmationalpurposes only. sMl or novelties that are labeled 1.4G require a "1.4G" or "Ex- plosive 1.4G" placard (use of the word "explosive" is op- D.1 General. The following terms are not necessarily ind� [tonal) (49 CFR,Part 172.523). Highway and rail shi menu sive of all the terms used in the pyrotechnic special effect.P industry. of less than 1000 lb (454 kg) gross weight o£such fireworks ' ' need not bear a placard [49 CFR,Part 172.504(c)].Vehicles D.1.1 Alternating Current(AC).An electrical current that verses direction m a circuit at regular intervals and most f r. -# containing display fireworks in any quantity require a "1.3G"or"Explosive 1.3C"placard (the word "explosive" is quently supplied from wall outlets or sockets. 4 . optional) (49 CFR,Part 173.522). If both 1.4G and 1.3G are D.1.2 Black Match. A fuse made from thread impregnated present in a shipment, only the "1.3G"placard is required. with black powder and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices. r Until October 1, 1994, transport vehicles and freight con- } tainers were placarded with the old placards (i.e., "Class B trD.1.3 Blank Cartridge. A cartridge constructed from a ear. . Explosive"or"Dangerous"placard),and these placards can various ou loads ao mo with s a percussion or other primer and with be used for domestic highway transportation only until of smokeless powder or propellant.WeaP - 6 using blank cartridges often are used in conjunction with i October 1, 2001. It] bullet hits. C.5.5 Package Marking and Labeling. Each person who of- D.1.4 Bridgewire.A fine wire used to fire pyrotechnic devices fern fireworks for transportation needs to ensure that the package displays the appropriate square-on-point label [49 that either heats up or explodes when an electric current is applied. CFR, Parts I72.400(a) and 172.411]. Consumer fireworks, toy smoke devices,and trick noise makers are either classed D.1.5 Bullet Effect. An effect intended to simulate a slug as 1.4G, 1.45,or not regulated for transportation purposes, from a weapon as it strikes a person or object. and display fireworks are classed as 1.3G (49 CFR, Part D.1.6 Bullet Hit.A small explosive charge attached to a per- - son's clothing or body,or to an inanimate object,to simulates 172.101). The label needs to be printed or affixed to the surface of the package near the proper shipping name and slug from a weapon as it strikes a person or object. identification number, which are also required to appear 9 pp D.1.7 Colored Smoke.An aerosol of special dyestuffs of the t on the package [49 CFR, Part 172.301(a)]. [t] cal reactants dispersed by pyrotechnic heat or explosion. C.5.6 Shipping Papers. Each person who offers a fireworks D.1.8 Color Pot.A tube containing pyrotechnic materials that device or novelty for transportation needs to describe the produces a colored flame when ignited. item on a shipping paper.The description needs to include D.1.9 Concussion Flashpowder. Flashpowder intended to be the proper shipping name (49 CFR, Part 172.101 Table, used in a concussion mortar to produce a loud, concussive Col. 2), the hazard class of the material, the identification effect. • number (Col. 4), the packing group (Col. 5), and the total D.1.10 Concussion Item.A pyrotechnic item that produces a quantity covered by the description [49 CFR, Part 172.202(a)]. Consumer fireworks (common fireworks) loud noise and a violent jarring shock for dramatic effect. would be described as follows: "Fireworks, I.4G, UN 0336, D.1.11 Concussion Mortar.A device specifically designed and r PG II." Display fireworks (special fireworks) would be de- constructed to produce a loud noise and a violent jarring scribed as "Fireworks. 1.3G, UN 0335, PG II." In addition, shock for dramatic effect without producing any damage. the shipper needs to certify that the shipment is properly D.1.12 Day Box.A portable magazine used for the immediate classified, marked, and labeled [49 CFR, Part 172.204(a)]. storage of pyrotechnics. [t] 1 (Note that EX numbers also are to appear on shipping D.1.13 Deflagration.A rapid chemical reaction in which the papers unless they are marked on each shipping carton.) output of heat is sufficient to enable the reaction to continue and accelerate without input of heat from another source.De • - C.6 References. flagration is primarily a surface phenomenon,with most reac- C.6.1 49 CFR,Parts 171 to 180, U.S. Department of Trans- bon products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at less than supersonic velocity. The effect of a portation, can be obtained from the Superintendent of deflagration tinder confinement is an explosion. Confine- r ocuments, U.S.Government Printing Office,Washington, ment of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction,and `DC 20402,or as republished by the Bureau of Explosives as temperature and, in some cases, can cause transition into a 1 "Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of detonation. Transportation," available from the Association of Ameri- can Railroads, 50 F Street,NW,Washington, DC 20001. It] D.1.14 Det Cord.Aflexible,sl plastic-covered detonating cord resembling a clothesline that contains a highly explosive C.6.2 16 CFR,Parts 1000 to End,Consumer Product Safety material. Commission, can be obtained from the Superintendent of D.1.15 Detonation. An extremely rapid chemical reaction in Documents,U.S.Government Printing Office,Washington, which the pressure generated is sufficient to cause the forma- DC 20402. Extracts of these regulations pertaining to fire- tion of a shock wave, which causes the reaction to continue. works can be obtained only from the American Pyrotech- Detonation is a phenomenon with reaction products flowing llbI . nics Association. in the direction of unreacted materials at supersonic velocity. • AI 2003 Edition e __. _. ... r • ANNEX D 1124—k7 .tfect of a detonation with or without confinement is an 0.1.30 Nonelectric Detonator. A detonator that does not r ptu fort need electric energy to function. DA.16 Detonator. A device containing an initiating or pri- D.1.31 Photoflash Flashpowder.A louse pyrotechnic mixture • ..an explosive that is used for initiating detonation including, that yields a very large amount of light for a small fraction of a „it not limited to: electric blasting caps (instantaneous and second on exploding. • +clay apes);blasting caps for use with safety fuses;detonating c pvraechnic device supplied by „ D.1.32 Pyrotechnic Preload. rd delay connectors; nonelectric caps that use a detonating the manufacturer a eload A pyr condition. „rd.shock tube, or other replacement for electric legwires; . Also an explosive or device initiated by a primer and used to D.1.33 Pyrotechnic Special Effect. A special effect created vitiate another explosive that is less sensitive and larger. through the use of pyrotechnic materials and devices. (See p.Ll7 Direct Current (DC). An electrical current that flows also Special Effect) n one direction and most frequently supplied by a battery. D.1.34 Quick Match. Black match that is encased in a loose- ! • p.1.18 Explosion.The rapid production of hot gases at a high fitting paper sheath. Although exposed black match burns pressure as the result of a chemical reaction and the sudden slowly,quick match burns extremely rapidly and almost instan- release of the energy to cause strong dynamic stresses in the taneously.Quick match is used in fuses for aerial shells and for surroundings.The term usually refers to the effects of a deto- • simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic devices, , nation of initiating explosives and high explosives but also ap- such as lances in a ground display piece. plies to the effect of a deflagrating propellant explosive in ' certain circumstances such as heavy confinement. The tens D.1.35 Safety Fuse. A flexible cord containing an internal also describes a mechanical phenomenon in which failure of burning medium by which fire or flame is conveyed at a con- the container results in a sudden release of pressure from stant and relatively uniform rate front the point of ignition to within a vessel. the point of use. D.1.19 Explosive Special Effect.See Pyrotechnic Special Effect. • D.1.36 Saxon.A pyrotechnic device consisting of a tube that D.1.20 First Fire.The ignited mixture used with pyrotechnic rotates around a pivot point to produce a circular shower of devices and loaded in direct contact with the main pyrotech- sparks. nic charge.A pyrotechnic first-fire mixture is compounded to D.1.37 Smoke Pot.Aperotechnic device used to create smoke produce a high temperature and hot slag. The mixture is during a production. edify ignitible and capable of igniting the underlying pvro- • nic charge. D.1.38 Smokeless Powder.A pyrotechnic material containing D.L21 Flare. A pyrotechnic device designed to produce a nitrocellulose and often nitroglycerin used in small arms am- single source of intense light for a defined period of time. munition. cannons, rockets, and propellant-actuated power devices. D.1.22 Flash Pot. A device used with flashpowder that pro- duces a flash of light and is capable of directing the flash in an D.1.39 Soft Detonator. A detonator with a higher velocity upward direction. than a bullet hit,but with no metallic elements or jacket. It is essentially a blasting cap without a metal jacket. D.1.23 Flashpowder. A specific pyrotechnic material in pow- der fonn composed of fuel(s) and oxidizer(s). Ignition pro- D.1.40 Sparkle Flashpowder. A flashpowder that produces a duces a flash of light,sparkles, an audible report,or a combi- bright flash of light and a shower of sparks when ignited. nation of these effects. D.1.41 Sparkle Pot._pyrotechnic device intended to contain D.1.24 Gerb. A cylindrical preload intended to produce a and control the discharge of sparkle flashpowder. controlled spray of sparks with a reproducible and predictable duration,height,and diameter. D.1.42 Special Effect. A visual or audible effect used for en- tertainment purposes, often produced to create an illusion. O.1.25 Igniter.An electrical, chemical, or mechanical device For example,smoke might he produced to create the impres- normally used to fire pyrotechnics. sion of fog being present. or a puff of smoke. a flash of light. D.1.26 Ingredient. A chemical used to create a pyrotechnic and a loud sound might he produced to create the impression material that is not,itself,a pyrotechnic material. that a cannon has been fired. D.1.27 Lift Charge.The composition in a pyrotechnic device D.1.43 Theatrical Flashpowder. A pyrotechnic material in- that propels (lifts) the effect into the air when ignited. It usu- tended for use in theatrical shows that produces a flash of light ally consists of a black powder charge. when ignited. Typical theatrical fiashpowders burn more D.1.28 Lycopodium. The spores produced by the genus of slowly than salute powder and also might produce a shower of mosses called Ivcopodium. This powdery, organic, yellow ma- sparks. Theatrical flashpowder is not '.ntentied to produce a terial can be agitated and dispersed mechanically into a cloud lour' report. and then ignited by a spark, Pilo[flame, or electrical heating D.1.44 Waterfall,Falls,Park Curtain..kn effect of a cascade of device.Although not a pyrotechnic material. this material is „acd by special effects operators to produce fire effects or in sparks that tuuolh are produced by multiple devices fired si- junction with other pyrotechnics to create a special effect. tnultaueously. D.1.29 Mine. A pyrotechnic device, usually a preload. that D.1.45 Wheel. .1 pyrotechnic device that rotates on a central projects multiple pellets of pyrotechnic material that produce axis consisting of multiple gerbs or rockets attached to a sparks or flame. It is usually supplied with an integral mortar. framework. 2003 Edition I 1124-48 ,VIANUF.1CI'URE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES t r' Annex E DOT Explosive Materials Compatibility group letters designate the controls for the `#.; Transport Regulations transportation,and storage related thereto, of explosives and to prevent an increase in hazard that might result if certain This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NEPA document types of explosives are stored or transported together. -. but is included for informational purposes only. Compatibility groups and classification codes for the van. E.1 General/Introduction. U.S. Department of Transportation ous types of explosives are set forth in Table E.2.1(a) and Reuisioru of Explosive Materials Transport Regulations. Table E.2.1(b). Table E.2.1(a) sets forth compatibility groups On December 21, 1990, the U.S. Department of Transpor- and classification codes for substances and articles described tation (U.S.DOT) issued a final rule that revised 49 CFR, 171 in the first column of the table. Table E.2.1(b) specifies the number of classification codes that are possible within each to 180,"Hazardous Materials Regulations." These regulations cover the classification, packaging, and non codes for explosives.explosive division.Altogether, there are 35 possible classifica- shipping of explosives(including blasting agents),oxidizers(am- monium nitrate),flammable liquids,and flammable solids. E.2.2 For comparative purposes, the classification of explo.Essentially, the U.S. DOT has revised the U.S. hazardous sive materials under the UN recommendations and the cur-tj materials regulations so that they conform with international rent U.S. DOT system is provided as follows: regulations, which are based on the United Nations Recom- (1) Division 1.1, Class A explosives include dynamite, cast mendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. The re- vised regulations are designed to standardize testing and clas- boosters, cap sensitive emulsions,water gels and slurries, sification procedures, nomenclature, packaging, labeling, and Cln 1.2, tonators. placarding, and handling and to eliminate inconsistencies (2) Division 1.2, Class A or Class B explosives are generally that currently exist between the U.S. (domestic) and UN (in- ammunition or material that has a projection hazard. ternadonal) standards. (3) Division 1.3, Class B explosives are generally propellants or explosivesthat have a fire hazard but not a mass deco- E.2 Classification. The most important change affecting the nation hazard user of explosive materials is the elimination of Class A,Class (4) Division 1.4, Class C explosives include Class C detona- B,and Class C explosives and blasting agents. Under the UN tors,safety fuses,and other Class C explosives. recommendations, all explosive materials are Class 1 explo- (5) Division 1.5 is comprised of blasting agents that include sives.Class 1 explosives include six divisions as follows: ammonium nitrate/fuel oil, noncap-sensitive emulsions, water gels,slurries,and packaged blasting agents. (1) Division 1.1 includes explosives that have a mass explo- (6) Division 1.6 has no compatibility group designation,since, sion hazard. (2) Division 1.2 includes explosives that have a projection currently,no commercial explosives exist in Division 1.6. hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. KS UN Classification System. In the UN system, oxidizers (3) Division 1.3 includes explosives that have a fire hazard and organic peroxides form Class 5.For example,ammonium and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection nitrate, an oxidizer, is classified as 5.1 (Class 5, Division 1). hazard,or both,but not a mass explosion hazard. Flammable and combustible liquids (fuel oils)are Class 3,and (4) Division 1.4 includes explosive devices that contain not flammable solids are Class 4. more than 25 g (0.9 oz) of a detonating material and To determine the proper classification of an explosive,cri- present a minor explosion hazard. teria (class and division) and test procedures have been set up (5) Division 1.5 includes very insensitive explosives that have in the UN recommendations.The criteria and testing initially a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is determine whether a material is an explosive and subse- little probability of initiation or of transition from burn- quentlythe hazard division for the material is determined. ing to detonation under normal conditions of transport. In addition to the class and division number, every ex lo- (6) Division 1.6 includes extremely insensitive articles that do p not have a mass explosion hazard, and articles that dem- m under the r iN recommendations identification has a proper this a negligible probability of accidental initiation or latname and a four-digit cases is arqui number. he proper r ship- propagation (no applicable hazard class). pingn, shipping cases are required to show the ship- ping name and the identification number. E.2.1 The classification code for an explosive consists of the The UN Recommendations on the Shipment of Dangerous division number followed by the compatibility group letter. Goods became effective October I, 1991. A ^ ((- ` 4 h i i 2003 Edition 1 112449 rillillir".."..— ainglil ANNEX E Ta—E.2.1(a) Classification Codes Substance or Article to Be Classified Classification Code Compatibility Group � l.la Primary explosive substance L46 Article containing a primary explosive substance and not B 1.2B.C l.iC. 1?G, L3C, 1.4G containing two or more effective protective features Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive C 1.1D. i`2C. .3C, 14C i substance or article containing such explosive substance .5D Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance.in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge;or article containing a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective E 1.1E, 1.2E. 1.4E protective features Article means ofa seconry detonating ha propelling charge (other withoutone in ginitiation,m u P F 11F, 1.2F, L3F, L4F than oneaining containing grxpervelsu static) Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, with its means of initiation,with a propelling charge (other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid) 1.1G, 1.2G, 1.3G, 1.4G ' or without a propelling charge G Pyrotechnic substance or article containing a p}rotechnic i substance,or article containing both an explosive substance and an illuminating,incendian',tear-producing or smoke-producing substance (other than a water-activated article or an article containing white phosphorus,phosphide, H 1°H, 1.3H, 1.1J, 1.2J' or flammable liquid or gel,or hypergolrc liquid) ` Article containing both an explosive substance and white 1 jJ phosphorus ti J tle containing both an explosive substance and flammable ubstance K 1 1.3k 1. 1.1L. 1.2L liquid or gel I Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic L 1.3L chemical agent Explosive substance or article containing an explosive s and presenting a special risk (e.g.,due to isater activation or 1 presence of hypergolic liquids,phosphides,or pvrophoric 1.6X substances) that requires isolation of each type article containing only extremely insensitive detonating S 1.45 substances Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the . immediate vicinity of the package ' Table E.21(b) Scheme of Classification of Explosives,Combination of Hazard Division with Compatibility Group Compatibility Group Hazard D E F G H ) K L :V S Division A B C 1.1L 1.1F Ll 1.1G 1.9 l.la 1.2B 1.1C 1.2D 1.1E 1.26 I2H 1.2J I_'h L2L 1.2B 1.3C L2p 1.2E 1.2F1.45 L2 1.3C 1.3F 1.3G 1.3H 1.3J 1.3K 1.3L 1.3 1.4 1.4B L4C 1.40 L4E 1.-IF 1.4G 1.67 1.30 1.5 1.6 2003 Edition Fir 11Y4-50 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHtIC ARTICLES Annex F Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 1124 this ordinance. The [governing body] hereby declares that it i`; would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsec- F.l The following sample ordinance is provided to assist a juris- tion,clause,or phrase hereof,irrespective of the fact that any diction in the adoption of this code and is not part of this code. one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, and 44 . ORDINANCE NO. phrases be declared unconstitutional. • An ordinance of the [jurisdiction]adopting the [}ear]edi- SECTION 6 That the [jurisdiction's keeper of records]is hereby don of NFPA [document number], [complete document title]docu- ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. ments listed in Chapter 2 of that [code, standard]; prescribing [NOTE:An additional provision may be required to direct regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and prop- the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to erty from fire or explosion;providing for the issuance of per- specify that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. mits and collection of fees; repealing Ordinance No. Posting may also be required.] of the [jurisdiction]and all other ordinances and parts of ordi- nances in conflict therewith;providing apenalty; providing a SECTION 7 That this ordinance and the rules,regulations, • provisions,requirements,orders,and matters established and severability clause;and providing for publication;and provid- adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect ing an effective date. [time period]from and after the date of its final passage and BE IT ORDAINED BYTHE [governing body]OF THE [juris- adoption. diction]: SECTION 1 That the [complete document title] and docu- ments adopted by Chapter 2,three (3) copies of which are on file and are open to inspection by the public in the office of Annex G Informational References } the [jurisdiction's keeper of records] of the [jurisdiction], are hereby adopted and incorporated into this ordinance as fully G-1 Referenced Publications. The following documents or as if set out at length herein,and from the date on which this portions thereof are referenced within this code for informa- ordinance shall take effect,the provisions thereof shall be con- tional purposes only and are thus not part of the requirements trolling within the limits of the [jurisdiction]. The same are of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2. hereby adopted as the [code, standard]of the [jurisdiction]for G.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions Lion, 1 Batternrnarch Park,P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269- hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion and pro- 9101. viding for issuance of permits and collection of fees. NFPA L Uniform Fire CodeT", 2003 SECTION 2 Any person who shall violate any provision edition. of this code or standard hereby adopted or fail to comply NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,2002 therewith; or who shall violate or fail to comply with any edition. order made thereunder; or who shall build in violation of NFPA 30,FIammable and Combustible Liquids Code,2000 edition. any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted NFPA99,Standard for Health Care Facilities,2002 edition. and approved thereunder; or failed to operate in accor- NFPA lOl®. Life Safety Code®, 2003 edition. dance with any certificate or permit issued thereunder;and NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic from which no appeal has been taken; or who shall fail to Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures, 1995 edition. comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by or by NFPA230 Standard fartheFireprotection of Storage,2003 edition. a court of competent jurisdiction, within the time fixed NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry, 2002 edition. herein,shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance, respectively, be guilty of a misdemeanor, NFPA Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 13th edr- punishable by a fine of not less than$ nor more than lion,2002. $ or by imprisonment for not less than days Von. 5000n'. Building Construction and Safety Coder", 2003 nor more than days or by both such fine and impris- onment. The imposition of one penalty for any violation G.1.2 Other Publications. shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue; and all such persons shall he required to corrector remedy such G.1.2.1 American Pyrotechnics Association Publication. Chester- violations or defects within a reasonable time;and when not American Pyrotechnics Association, P.O. Box 213,otherwise specified the application of the above penalty town, MD 21620. shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of pro- American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1,Standard hibited conditions. Each day that prohibited conditions are for Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks,2001. maintained shall constitute a separate offense. G.1.2.2 Association of American Railroads Publication-Asso- SECTION 3.Additions, insertions,and changes—that the ciation of American Railroads, Library Room 5800, 50 F [year] edition of NFPA [document number], [complete document Street, NW,Washington, DC 20001. title]is amended and changed in the following respects: "Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of List Amendments Transportation." SECTION 4 That ordinance No. of[jurisdiction] ' entitled [fill in the title of the ordinance or ordinances in effect at the G.1.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. C.S. Government present time]and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in Printing Office,Wtshington, DC 20402. conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1000 to End. SECTION 5 That if any section, subsection, sentence, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910. clause, or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1 70 to End. be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of ±'-':.'.'7'' r in the validity or constitutionality of the remaining portions of Dangerous Goods. 4. e: 2003 Edition ' IPS ANNEX G 1124-51 • 2 References for Extracts. The following documents are NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Budding Construction, 1999 .,,red here to provide reference information,including title and edition. edition,for extracts given throughout this code as indicated by a NFPA 495,Explosive Materials Code.2001 edition. reference in brackets [1 following a section or paragraph.These NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display,2000 edition. documents are not a part of the requirements of this document NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High unless also listed in Chapter 2 for other reasons. Power Rocket Motors.2001 edition. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code,2002 edition. NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proxi- NEPA toe, Lift Safety Code!),2003 edition. mate Audience, 2001 edition. • 2003 Edition a - 03 ity• " 1124-52 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE.RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES a. o Index C 2003 National Fire Protection Association.All Rights Reserved. The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes.The licensing provisions set forth for the document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be reproduced in whole or in pan by any means without the express written permission of NFP.A. l p -A- Unoccupied 4974 Access,fire department 6.6.1, 7.6.1,A.6.6.1,A.7.6.1 Definition 3.3.9.11,A.3.3.9.11 Adoption of code,sample ordinance Annex F Bulk merchandising retail buildings Aerial devices 4.19.5,A.4.19.5.2(3),C.3.1.2,C.3.5.2.8 Consumer fireworks sales in Chap.7 Retail sales display 7.10.6,A.7.10.6 Definition 3.3.9.1,.A.3.3.9.1 Aerial shells 4.19.1,4.19.5,A.4.19.5.2(3),0.4.1.1 Not considered consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.1.4 Construction C.4.2 Bulk salute powder i Definition 3.3.1,A.3.3.1 Definition 3.3.52.3.1 1 • Airburst(definition) 3 3 2 Storage of 4.9.4.5,5.1.1.1 Aisles Bulk salutesa • Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.8.5,A.7.8.5.3 Definition 3.3.66.1 Storage facilities 4.8.3.2,6.8.4,6.13.3,6.14.3 Storage of 4.9.4.5,4.9.4.7.5.1.1.1 Alum systems Bullet effect(definition) D.1.5 Fire alarms,consumer fireworks retail sales facility 7.5.3 Bullet hit(definition) D.1.6 Waterflow alarm 6.5.1.2, 7.5.1 't Bullet-resistant construction 4.7.1,4.7.2.2,A.4.7.1(3)Alternating current(AC) (definition) D.1.1 Bullet-sensitive explosive materials 5.1.1.2(1)Application of standard 1.3,C.1.6 Definition 3.3.40.2,A.3.3.40.2 Approvals,DOT see DOT(Department of Transportation, U.S.) Burnout(definition) C.2.4 Approved(definition) 3.2.1,A.3.2.1 1 Area ...see Consumer fireworks retail sales areas;Consumer fireworks storage buildings,work areas in;Consumer fireworks -G 1 work buildings,rooms,or areas;Process areas Chasers C.3.I.3.2 • Articles,pyrotechnic see Pyrotechnic articles Chemical composition(definition) C.2.5 t Artificial barricades(definition) 3.3.5.1 Chemicals Audible ground devices C.3.1,3 Prohibited C.3.6.1,Table C.3.6.1 !I Authority having jurisdiction(definition) 3 2 2 A.3.2.2 Standard fireworks chemicals C.4.I,Table C.4.3.1 II Clothing,protective 4.12.4 1 -B- Code(definition) 3.2.3,A.3.2.3 i Barricades Colored smoke (definition) D.1.7 7 4.9.1.1,4.9.4.6 Color pot definition Artificial (definition) 3.3.5.1 Combination items ) D 18 Definition 3.3.a C.5.4 • Natural (definition) 3.3.5.2 Comets }.19.5.1 4.55.2,4.92.1. Common fireworks ts,pr Screensee Consumer fireworks 1 Definition 3.3.5.3,A.3.35.3 Components,prohibited 0.3.6.2 Separation distances and Concussion flashpowder(definition) D.1.9 P 4.9.3.1,A.4.9.3.1 Concussion items Separation distances and 4.9.3.1,A.4.9.3.1 (definition) D.1.10 Basements Concussion mortars(definition) D.1.11 Conductive materials 4,5.2.2,4.333 Process buildings 4.5.1.1 Storage buildings 4.8.4(3) Cone fountains C.3.1.2 Bases,fireworks C.3:5.2.1 Construction of fireworks Binary materials see Binary systems Aerial shells C.4.2 Binary systems Components of fireworks devices C.3.5.2 Definition 3.3.7,.A.3.3.7 Construction of structures Marking and labeling 4.19.4.4,4.19.4.5 Bullet-resistant 4.7.1.4.7.2.2.A.4.7.1(3) Black matches see Matches Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.4 Black powder Consumer fireworks storage buildings 4.8,6.4 Definition 3.3.52.1 Magazines 4.6.4.7.A.4.7.l(3),Annex B Loose,in storage buildings 4.17.3.1 Multiple use buildings 4.8.4.1,6.4.3, 7.4.3 Storage of 5.1.1,5.1.1.2(3),5.1.4;see also Magazines Process buildings 45.1 Blank cartridges(definition) D.1.3 Consumer fireworks Blowouts(definition) C.2,3 Definition 3.3.30.2,6.1.6.A.3.3.30.2,C.2.6.1 Bonding,electrical equipment 4.5.3.4.2 Manufacturing operations see Manufacturing operations Bottle rockets C.3.1.2.1 Operations 6.11,A.6.11.4,A.6.11.7 Bridgewires(definition) D.1.4 Retail sales see Retail sales (sale to public) Buildings see also Bulk merchandising retail buildings;Consumer Separation distances 4.9.2.6,Table 4.9.3,4.9.3(6),4.9.3.2. fireworks storage buildings;Consumer fireworks work Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.6,4.9.9.1,6.7,6.13.5.1,6.14.6.7.7, buildings,rooms,or areas;Inhabited buildings; A.6.7.1 Nonprocess buildings;Process buildings;Shipping Storage Chap.6,7.4.4,7.6.3; see also Consumer fireworks buildings;Storage buildings;Stores (buildings) storage buildings;Storage buildings Mechanical (definition) 3.3.9.5,A.33.9.5 In buildings used for other purposes 4.8.4.1,6.4.3 Mixing 4.5.4.1 Transportation of see Transportation of fireworks Definition 8.3.9.6,A.3.3.9.6 Types of C.3 ;y,. 2003 Edition INDEX 1124-53 l•-.comer fireworks retail sales areas 7.1.4 Display fireworks C.4.3 finition 3.3.3.1 DOT approved packaging 6.5.1.1.6.11.4(11.C.1.3,C.5.3 consumer fireworks retail sales facilities see ells°Consumer Definition 3.3._5.A.3.3.25 fireworks storage buildings Explosive Materials Transport Regulations C.1.3.C.5.1. Definition '1'329.1 Annex E Displays of fireworks 7.1.4. 7.10. 7.12.4. A.7.10 Dust Equipment 7.11.A.7.11.3.13 Accumulation of 4.5.1.3 Fireworks discharge in vicinity of 7.6.4 Sealing to prevent entry of 4.5.1.2 i Multiple-tenant buildings 7.4.3 Operations 7.12,A.7.12 t Separation distances m.m E Temporary 7.4.1.7.7.2 Egress,means of we Means of egress Display of fireworks 7.10.2.3. 7.10.3.10, 7.10.4.2 Electrical equipment and systems Emergency lighting 7.9"3 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.11.1 Equipment in 7.11.1.2.7.11.1.3, 7.11_2.2. Magazines 4.6.2.4.6.3 7.11.3.7.11.4.2,A.7.113.6 Manufacturing operations 4.5.3 Exit signs 7.9.1.3 Master disconnect 4.13.3 Extinguishers, portable fire 75°°.1. 7.x.2.3.2 Shipping buildings 5.4.5 Means of egress 7.8.1.2.7.5.2.3,7.5.4.2, Storage buildings 4.85.6.10,A.6.10 f Electricity,static 4.5.4 i Operations 7.12.1.2, 7.12.4.1 Electric match(definition) 3.3.26 Consumer fireworks retail sales stands Chap. 7 Emergency lighting 4.13.3.3.6.9.2,7.9.2 i Definition 3.3.19.A.3.3.19 Emergency plans 4.13.2.4.17.13.6.11.7,A.6.11.7 I Display 7.12.4.1 Employees Consumer fireworks storage buildings Chap.6 Training 4.13.2.3 to 4.13.2.5,4.16,4.17.13, Construction of 4.8 7.12.6.A.6.11.7,A.7.12.6 Definition 3 3 9°,A.3.39.2 Enforcement of code 1.6.Annex F Operations in 4.17.2,4.17.3.1,4.17_.55,4.17.13,A.4.17.5 Equivalency to standard 1.5 i Separation distances Table 4.9.3,4.9.316),4.9.3.2. Evacuation 4.1325. 7.8.2,A.7.8.2 Table 4.9.4.1.4.9.6,6.7,A.6.7.1 Exits see Means of egress Work areas in 4.18. 6.1.2(1)(bl,6.2.2 Explosion(definition) D.1.18 Consumer fireworks work buildings,rooms,or areas Chap. 6 Explosion prevention 4.12..{..1.12 Definition '3 1 9'3,A.3.3.9.3 Explosion relief 4.5.5.A.45.5.I Conveyors,nonferrous 3.2.8.1 Explosive composition 4.1.212).4.1.2(3) ,ing equipment 7.11.4 Accumulations.avoidance of 4.5.2.1 t...ered fuses 7.10.4 Clothing contaminated by 4.12.2.5. 4.12.4.4 Definition 3 1°° A.3.1.22 Definition 1 1 19.1,C.2.5.1 Custom fireworks 4.1.2111 Deteriorated 5.2.10 Cylindrical fountains C.3.1.1 Fire spread to 4.13.°5 Handling,safety training for 4.16.2 Heating and electrical equipment in area of 4.5.5.3.4 5.3.4.2 Magazine storage of see Magazines Day box(definition) D.1.12 Maximum quantity'intimations 4.10, 4.152 Definitions Chap.3.C.2.Annex D Removal from magazine of 52.11 to 5.2.13 Deflagration(definition) D.1.13 Separation distances 4.9.7.2.4.9.8.2,4.9.9.3 Department of Transportation,U.S see DOT (Department of Spills 4.12.12 Transportation, O.S.) Testing 4.14.1, 1.14.3.f11.5._ Der cords(definition) D.1.14 Waste 4.12.1 Detonation(definition) D.1.15 Explosive devices,prohibited 7°.3.C.3.6.3 Detonators(definition) D.1.16 Explosive powders and mixtures,dry 4.11.\.4.11.2 Direct current(DC) (definition) D.1.17 Explosives (explosive materials) 4.1°(1) Display fireworks 4.1.3.4.19.3 Definition 3.3.27.A.3.3.27 Approval, DOT C.4.3 Heating and electrical equipment Definition 3.3.30.3..x.3.3.30.3, C.2.6.2 in area of 45.3.4.1.4.6.2.4191 Manufacturing operations see Manufacturing operations Removal or theft of 4.3.3 Requirements for C.4 Storage of see Magazines Retail sales 7.2.1 Transportation of Chap.8 Separation distances 49.2.2. 4.9.2.3,4.9.33..49.3.4,4.9.4 Explosive special effects e Pyrotechnic special effects Shipping buildings see Shipping buildings Extinguishers,portable fire 4.12.°.4,3),4.13.1. Storage 4.13.2.4.6.3.2m 31,7.3.2.2 In magazines see Magazines Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.5.1 In shipping buildings 5.4.3. 5.46.A.5.4.3 Consumer fireworks storage 6.5.2.6.14.4 Transfer from process buildings to magazines 1.11,.1.4.11._ Transportation of see Transportation of fireworks Types of C 4 I Distribution facilities 6.11.1. 6.11.? Falls(waterfalls) (definition) 11.1.44 Definition 3.3.29.2 Fences 4.4.2.2 Wag'(Department of Transportation,U.S.) Ferrous metal,use of 4.6.1.3.4.6.4.2.4.12.6. °provals C.I.S. C.5.2 5.2.8.1.5.2.8.2.A.3.12.6 Consumer fireworks, novelties, Firearms 4.17.915).3.1.1 i 51,13.11.5 and theatrical pyrotechnics (13.7 Firecrackers 0.3.1.3.1 Definition 1.2.1 Fire department access 3.6.1. 7.6.1.A6.6.1.A.7.6.1 2003 Edition r ,,, ,_,:. 1124-54 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE,RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES ... ,AH"' s_ Fue prevention 4.12,5.2.6 to 5.2.13,6.11.5,6 12,A.4.12 Fite protection 4.13,4.17.12.A.4,17.l2 -I` • Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.5 labeled (definition) -1,- 3 .4, see seealso Pyrotechnic Narking and labeling k-' Consumer fireworks storageLaboratories,pyrotechnic laboratories g 6.5,6.14.4,A.65.1 Fireworkslicenses 4Y Combination items Lift charges(definition) C.3.4 D.1.22 Construction C.35.2,C.4._ lighting equipment D.1.22 Consumer see Consumer fireworks Emergency lighting +.13.3.3,6.9.2,7.9.2 Definition 3Magazines .3.30,A.3.330,C.2.6 4.6.3 ? Discharge near consumer fireworks sales facilities 7.6.4 Manufacturing operations 45.3 Et. Display see Display fireworks Storage buildings 4.8.5.1.2,4 8 5 1 3 Fuses C.3.5.1Limited-combustible material 6.12(2)(a),7.43.3.4(a) Manufacturing operations see Manufacturing operations Definition 3 3 3 Regulation of C.1.3 to C.1.5,C.5 Listed(definition) 3.2.5,A3.2.5 Lycopodium(definition) D 128 Storage see Storage11 , Testing x 4.14.6.11.5.2 fa Transportation of Chap.8,Annex C _M_ ' Fireworks lams ti.. First fire(definition) see Manufacturing facilities 20 Magazines 4.1.2(3),5.1 to 5.3,5.4.2 Flame breaks Bulk salutes and bulk salute powder,storage of 5.1.1.1 {: 7.10.3,A.7.10.3 Construction;r Definition 3.3.31 4.6,{.1. ,6.4.1(3) Flammable liquids or gases 4.5.3.1,4.17.11,6.3.2(1), Consumer fireworks in 6 1 { 6 4 1(3) Y 6.7.2.1,6.7.2.2,7.3.2.2,7.7.3.1 to 7.7.3.4 Definition 3.3.37 '`( Flares(definition) D.1.21 Indoor 4.7.2.4,4.7.4.2 Maximum occupant and quantity limitations 4.15,A.4.15.1 P. ) Flash pots(definition) D.I.22 Outdoor i,_ FBttePowder(definition) D.1.23;see also Salute powder Safety procedures 4.i.2.3,4.24.1 rs C.3.1.6 5.3 Floors 4.5.2,4.7.1,4.7.2.3,5.2.9,A.4.5.2 Separation distances Table 4.9.3,4.9.3(4),4.9.4.1, Fountains 4.19.4.1(2),C.3.1.1,C.3.L2 Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.4.2,4.9.8,6.7.2.3 Fuel(definition) Storage within 5.2,A.5.2 3.3.33,A.3.3.33 Transfer of materials to Fuses },1.3,C.35.1;see also Safety fuses 4.11,:1.4.11.2 Type 1 4.7.1.5.1.1.1,5.1.1.2..A.+.7.1(3) Aerial shells C.4.2.4 to C.4.2.6 Type 2 4.i.N.4.9.4.4,,5.1.1.1,5.).1.2 Covered 7.10.4 Definition 3.3.22,A.3.3.22 Type 3 4.7.3 Type 4 4.7.4,4.9.+,4,5.1.1.2 Manufacturing(definition) 3.3.38,A3.3.38 _G Manufacturing facilities Gates Definition 3.3.29.3,A3.3.29.3 4.4.2.1 Magazines Generators,portable 7.11.3,A.7.11.3.6 see Magazines Gerbs Manufacturing operations see Manufacturing operations 4.19.4.1(2) Storage Chap 6 of consumer fireworks at Chap.6 Definition Ground devices D.1 .4 Manufacturing operations Chap.4 Audible 4.19.3 Emergency plans 4.3.2 C.3.1.3 Fire and explosionprevention Sparkling and smoke C.3.I P 4.12.A4.13 Grounding,electricalFire protection 4.13 4.5.3.4.2,4.6.2.4(5) Heating,slighting,and electrical equipment 45.3 Ground spinners C.3.1.5 Means of egress 4.5.6 Occupancies 4.15,A.4.15.1 .g_ Permit requirements 4.2 Handles fireworks building construction 4.5.1 C.3.5.2.3 Recordkeeping and 4.3 Heating equipment reporting Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities Separation distances 4.9, 3.1 7.11.2 L: security security see Site security Magazines 4.6.2 Testing of fireworks Manufacturing operations 4 b 311.2 Transfer Heat vents of materials 4.11,A.{. L2 Helicopters,aerial spinner 6.5.3, 7.5.4 Marking and labeling .L C.S2.3 Aerial shells Highways 4.19.5.2, 4.19.5.5,A4.19.5.2(3),C.{,2.3 Definition 3 3 34 Consumer fireworks C.3.8 Separation distances Table 4.9.3.4.9.3(3),4.9.4.1. Definitions Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.5,4.9.6,Table 4.9.6,5.1.2,5.1.4,5.4.2 Labelin Housekeeping 4.12.1.+.17.3,5.2.9,6.12,7.12.5,A.7.12.5 g C.2.7 Marking C.2.8 Packages C.5.5 3 _I_ Pyrotechnic articles 4.19.4.1 to 4.19.443 Matches Igniters(definition) D.1.26 Black +.1'3(6),4.17.9(2),5.3.1(2),6.115.1 Illuminating torch C.3.1.3 Definition C.4.2.5 3.3.2 Indoor use,articles suited for 4.19.4.1 to 4.19.4.5 Electric (definition) C.22, 3.26 Ingredients(definition) 6 :i Inhabited buildings D.1.26 Quick C.4.2.4 • Definition Definition 0.2.11,D.1.34 `'" 3.394,A.3.394 Material Separation distances 4.9 3(1),Table 4.9.3,4.9.4.1, Binary Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.5,4.9.6,Table 4.9.6,5.1.2,5.1.4,5.4.2 see Binary systems • Bullet-sensitive explosive ...see Bullet-sensitise explosive materials 2003 Edition I rat gill INDEX 1124-55 4.19.4'1(2) i imited-combustible (definition) see Limited-combustible Preloads,pyrotechnic D.1.32 material Definition Noncombustible see Noncombustible material Prepackaged fireworks merchandise 7.10.3.4.7.10.3.5. Pyrotechnic see Pyrotechnic materials 7.10.3.7.2.7.10.3.8 2(21. 7.10.3.9.7.10.4.1.7.10.5. Means of egress A.7.10.3.4,A.7.10.3(3): see also Covered fuses 3.3.53.A33.53 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.8,7.9, Definition 4.14.2 7.12.1.7.12?,A.7.8 Process areas Consumer fireworks storage 6.3.2(5),6.8,6.9. Definition 6.13.4,6.13.5.2.6.14.5.7.3.2.2(5) Quantities of explosive/pyrotechnic materials allowed in ....4.10 Manufacturing operations +.5.ti, 4.8.3 Separation distances 4.9.2,4.9.3,A.4.9.3.1 Mechanical building(definition) 3 3.9.5,A.3.1.9.5 process buildings Mines Construction +.a.1 Definition D.1.29 Shell 4.19.5.1. 6.1.3 Consumer fireworks in C.3.1.2.33.3.9.8 3.3.9.8 Missile-buildings s C.4.1.2.21 Definition tYP Electrical installations }'3'3'4 Mixing 3.3.9.1 Explosion relief Definition 3.3.9.6...3.3.9.6 P Motor vehicles Maximum uantit and 3343 limitations9°antis- 4.10,4.15.A.{.15.1. Definition ras 4.5.6.2 Transportation of fireworks in Chap.8 Means of egress Multiple use buildings,construction of 4.8.4.1.6.4.3, 7.4.3 Separation distances 4.9.2,4.9.3,4.9.7.1, 4.9.8.3.4.9.9.L.0.7.23.A.4.9.3.1 Smoking materials in vicinity of 4.12.2.1 -N- Transfer of materials from 4.11 A.4.11 Natural barricades(definition) 3.3.5.2 Prohibited chemicals and components C.3.6 Noncombustible material 4.8.4.3.6.4.2(2)(a),7.4.2(2)(a) Protective clothing 4.12.4 Definition 313.+0.4 Public conveyances(definition) 3.3.36 7.25 Noncomplying fireworks Purpose of standard 1.2 Nonelectric detonators(definition) D.1.30 Pyrotechnic articles 4.1.2(11,4.1.3 Nonprocess buildings see also Pyrotechnic laboratories Definition 3.3.57,6.1.6 Definition 3.3.9.7.£3.3.9.7 Marking and labeling 4.19.4.1 to},19.+.3 Separation distances 4.9.2.1.4.9.7.1 Retail sales 7.2 1 Novelties and trick noisemakers Storage see Magazines Approval nes C.3.i ines 4.14 Definition 3.3.47.A.3.3.47.C.2.9 Testing C.3.6.2 Transportation of Chap.8 Prohibited components Regulation C.1.+ Pyrotechnic chambers 0.3.5.2.5 Pyrotechnic composition 4.1.2(2),4.1.2(3) Re meats C.3 PyA cumulations,avoidance of 4.5.2.1 Types C.3.` Clothing contaminated be 412.25,4.12.4.4 Consumer fireworks. retail sales of 7.1.3.1,7.1.3.2 • -Q. Definition 3.3.15.2.C.2.5.2 4.1 S.A.4.15.1 Deteriorated °'3'111 Occupants,number of4.13.2.5 Open flames 4.17.9(3),5.3.1(3).6.11.5.1 Fire spread to Oxidizers 4.12.5.A.4.I25 Handling,safety training for 4.16.2 Definition 3 3 48.A.3.3.48 Heating and electrical equipment in area of 4.5.3.3. • 4.5.3.4.1.45.3.4.2 Loose In retail sales and storage areas 1°5.' Packaging 4.13.6 11.1. 6.11.2,6.114,A.6.11.4: In storage buildings 4.17.3.1,6.12.1 • see also Prepackaged fireworks merchandise Ma azure storage of see Magazines DOT approved packaging 65.1.1 6.11.4(1).C.3.3 Maximum quanta'limitations 4.10.115.2 3.3.23..\.3.3.255.2.11 to 5.2.13 Definition Rernov:d from magazine of Marking and labeling C.5.5 Separation distances Park curtains(waterfalls) (definition) D.1.44 Spills , 4.9 l Party poppers C.3._.1 4.1+.1. 4.1{3.4.12.1.'_' P PP 3 3 49 Testing Permanent irefieition) V\aste 4.12.1 Permit requirements k.see also Employees 9 Pyrotechnic laboratories Persons Emp3 3 50 -3 3.59.£3.359 Definition 3$50 Definition _ 4.2.1 Separation distances 4.9.9 Permit requirements '? 4.1.2I1 11 Pest control devices 7. .+ Pyrotechnic materials Definition 3.351 Definition 33.05.A3.3.40.5 Photoflash flashpowder(definition) D.1.31 Transportation of Chap. 8 Placards (15.4 Pyrotechnic preloads 4.19.4.1(2) 0.2.10 Definition D.1.32 Definition 3.3.62 Plans Pyrotechnics(definition) Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.3.2.1 Pyrotechnic special effects(definition) 3.3.61.D.1.33 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings 6,.3.2 Emergency 4.13.2. {.17.13.6.11.7....6.11.7 Q- Fire safety and evacuation. see Matches consumer fireworks retail sales Inc ility .... 7.8.2.A.7 Y9 Quick matches 2003 Edition s fr 4L . 1124-56 MANUFACTURE,TRANSPORTATION,STORAGE.RETAIL SALES OF FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC ARTICLES P ' I - -R• Smokeless powder(definition) 111.38 Railways Smoke pots(defuution) D.1,37 Definition 3.3.63 Smoke vents 6.5.3. 7.5.4 .. Separation distances Table 4.9.3,4.9.3(2),4.9.4.1, Smoking/smoking materials 4.4.3.4.12.2,4.17.90), 4.17.10,5.3.1(1),6.11.5.1,6.11.6,7.6.5,A.4.12.2.3 E Table 4.9.4.1.4.9.5,4.9.6,Table 4.9.6,5.1.2,5.1.4,5.4.2 Recordkeeping and reporting 4.3 Snakes,glow worm C.3.2.3 • References Chap.2,C.6,Annex G Snappers C.3.2.2 Retail sales(sale to public) Chap.7;see also Consumer fireworks Soft detonators(definition) D.1.39 retail sales facilities Sparkle flashpowder(definition) D.I.40 i '' Definition 3.3.64 Sparkle pots(definition) D.1.41 • Marking and labeling requirements C.1.4,C.3.8 Sparklers C.3.2.4 To persons under the influence of drugs or alcohol 7.12.7 Sparkling devices,ground and hand-held C.3.1 Prohibited chemicals and components C.3.6 Special effects (definition) D.1.42 U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission Special fireworks see Display fireworks • regulations C.1.4,C.3 Spikes,fireworks C.3.5.2.4 Retroactivity of standard 1.4 Sprinkler systems Rockets C.3.1.2.1,C.3.1.2.2 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.1.3.1,7.5.1 • Definition 3.3.65 Consumer fireworks storage 6.1.3,6.5.1,7.4.4,A.6.5.1 Sticks on - C.3.5.2.2 Stars • Wings on C.3.5.2.6 Definition 3.3.71,A.3.3.71 Roman candles C.3.1.2.4 Separation distances for 4.9.2.6(2).4.9.4 • Static electricity 4.5.4 • -S- Sticks,Fireworks C.3.5.2.2 Storage see also Magazines;Storage buildings Safety caps 4.19.2,0.4.2.6 In building used for other purposes 4.8.4.1,6.4 Safety fuses 0.35.1 Consumer fireworks 4.8,Chap.6,7.4.4,7.6.3 Definition C.2.12,D.1.35 Display fireworks,pyrotechnic articles,salute powder,pyrotechnic Safety officer 4.16 P Y Safety precautions 5.3 and explosive compositions, Salute powder see also Bulk salute powder and black powder Chap.5 Definition 3.3.52.3 Temporary facilities 6.1.2(2),6.4.1(4),6.8.2,6.14, 7.12.3.2 Separation distances for 4.9.24,4.9.2.5,4.9.35, Storage buildings see also Consumer fireworks storage buildings 4.9.3.6,4.9.5,4.9.9.3,A.4.10 Construction of 4.8 Storage see Magazines Definition 3.3.9.10 Salutes 0.4.1.2;see also Bulk salutes Operations in 4.17,A.4.17.5,A.4.17.12 Aerial 4.19.5.3 to 4.19.5.5 Separation distances Table 4.9.3,4.9.3(6), Definition 3.3.66 4.9.3.2,Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.6,4.9.8.3 Ground 4.19.3 Stores(buildings) Separation distances for 4.9.4.7,4.9.5,5.4.4 Consumer fireworks sales in Chap. 7 Saxons(definition) D.1.36 Definition 3.3.73,A.3.3.73 Scope of standard 1.1 Not considered consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.1.4 Screen barricades see Barricades Substance abuse 4.12.3, 7.12.7 Security,site see Site security Separation distances Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.7 Consumer fireworks storage 6.7,6.13.5.1,6.14.6,A.6.7.1 Temporary Groups of buildings 4.9.7,498 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities see Consumer Magazines 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 fireworks retail sales facilities Manufacturing operations 4.9,A.4.9.3.1 Definition 3.3.74 Shipping buildings 5.4.1 to 5.4.4,A5.4.3 Storage facilities see Storage Shall(definition) 3.2.6 Testing of fireworks 4.14,A.4.14,6.11.5.2 Shelving,consumer fireworks retail sales display 7.10.3.8 Theatrical flashpowder(definition) D.1.43 Shipping buildings 5.4,.x.5.4.3 Theatrical pyrotechnics C.2.6.3 Definition 3.3.9.9 Approval C.3.7 Separation distances Table 4.9.3,4.9.3(5). Requirements for C 3 Table 4.9.4.1,4.9.4.2,4.9.4.3,5.4.1 to 5.4.4,A.5.4.3 Tools Shipping papers C.5.6 Ferrous metal 4.12.6,5.2.8.1,A.4.12.6 Should(del-mition) 3.2.7 Nonsparking 4.17.6,5.2.7,6.12.2(2),7.12.5.4,A.4.12.6 Signs Toy caps 0.3.25.C5.3.I Exit 6.9.1, 7.9.1 Toy smoke devices C.3.1.7 Warning ....4.4.3,4.7.2.4(3),4.17.10,6.11.6, 7.6.4.2,7.6.5, 7.12.8 Training,employees 4.13.2.3 to 4.13.25,4.16 Site security Transfer of materials,manufacturing operations 4.11,A.4.11.2 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.12.3 Transportation of fireworks ....Chap.8,Annex C;see also Consumer • Consumer fireworks storage 6.11.3 fireworks retail sales stands Manufacturing operations 4.4,4.7.1(8) to (12). DOT approval and classification for C.3.7 4.7.2.3(6) to (8),4.7.2.4(2),4.7.3(1),4.7.4.1(4),4.17.4 Trick noisemakers see Novelties and trick noisemakers Storage buildings 4.8.2 Shipping buildings 5.4.6 Sky rockets C.3.1.2.I -U- „. Smoke,colored (definition) D.1.7 Unoccupied building 4.9.7.4 • Smoke detection system 7.5.4.2 Definition 3.3.9.11,A.3.3.9.11 Smoke devices C.3.1,C.3.5.2.9 Use of code 1.3.2 2003 Edition r INDEX 1124-57 see Motor vehicles Waterfalls(definition) D.l.44 Ventilation 4.6.4,4.7.1.4.7.2.1.A.4.7.1(3) Wheels (:.3.1.4,(:.3.527 Vents Definition D.I.45 Explosion {.5.5,p,{.5,5.1 Whistle composition (definition) 3.3.15.3 Smoke and heat 6.5.3. 75.4 Wings.fireworks (:3.5.2.6 Work surfaces 4.5.2.1,4.5.2.2 Cou/D 1 2 3 4 5 6 06 05 04 03 02 2003 Edition A yir2d 2( 11 i p 14 1( 1( 1( 1( 1( 1( 1( 1( i 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 IAD 11 11 11 11 ,12 12 14' 14' 14 14 154 15: 151 { 151 j RI . : , 4 •14 . i •i. . .04 v. 10 'FPA 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy. MA 02169, USA International Codes and Standards Organization l,,raW9am15 1. Z 5 ' a r pti �� - Iv �i fi `_ It ,T, s .ry tl�f �oazse .,r, :.o� I / v09aw.. _ AWE s.YZl p��y ...i>b :.GL: za _...,, � are 5 + I .� wr I W dIINA/ reu omnww. a N .pmtl mil/ / ,a eae F "Q.pc.y.---z>• ....---„,=--...==:".7.=--.^..r.----.7.7--.7...'=.= _ - tisr 3.;N‘ " a zv 4< ,f r' I s Si _ We'"I 'It''''' _ i , r I & L. I „.�.. .._.�, _ _._-__ -- �� - --r— L �T r I, I— I - r r r.fl - !_ . 1 "I li..,., / -..N — ,�� ,, t , L:::7— F1 .n9151 Il'II I xry IJ VONUIS ' , I [ti'd,„9IHIJOJ5(Y 91)N\11'Ili NON Z JIHS4,NOL hZ 4O1 L)1S I' I IN JILL AO 401,L>I )I d ��.I.�iI I�� Ili��1 ll0 IBC. ,iItI 09 N IIAI>I'IVIJ3AS IH IS II r 0f23/2005 14; 40 9703502179 CDT GREELEY PAGE 01/04 1 FAX no. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL 303 Gs?-o32O Phone no (not FAX numheC Record your long distance access code (if necessary) on the back of this form Phone no, Data Time Rom: 3723-o5 I j;So4, Mc S7 r `�f� z0 3� i/o y Comments Iorr fib:c •S rkc ali5-` f£ 041Y1 1#1/1/401,0 aea tif,�1 pa 107 Tar /ccr/Wa,s,4ll'_91/a7c1rSS- 9i• .X//°tt have trouble w%th � F u4-6S% r 1D k mac , ,y fir,^ s,zPe a /pit s ;a ftr ,/s,'uFS dy --14 a de / /Pc9 u/a fi'a�S. nmA You �e•n y, � Ski I hca6f f ,'nd etc,.27'aria; lr, 03123/2005 14: 48 9703502179 CDOT GREELEY PAGE 04/84 • §55.219 27 CFR Ch. 1 (4-1-98 Edition) TABLE: AMERICAN TABLE. OF DISTANCES FOR Pound: From ub- STORAGE OF EXFLOSIYES (DECEMBER 1910), From In, 1b railroad from AS Revr5eq AND APPROVED BY THE iNstr hablrcM rind Hon) above TLTTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVFs....NOQEM- O✓er Nvt over dialbuilance `^"ay CI.M aria HER 5, 1971 (feet) lance map el) (feel) (yeti) Notes to the Table a Distances for Storage of 200,000 200,000 400 450 I 303 Explosives ill Terms found In the table of distances §55.2Z0 Table of separation distances for.storage of explosive materials are defined of ammonium nitrate and blasting • in§55.11. agents from explosives or blasting (3) When two or more storage magazines agents. are located on the same property, each mag- asine must comply with the minimum die- TABLE:DEPARTMENT OP OFFENSE AMMUNITION Lances specified from inhabited buildings, AND EXPLOS5.35 STANDARDS, TABLE f-4-1 railways. and highways, and, in addition, EXTRACT;4145.27 M.MARCH 1960 they should be separated from each other by Donor wdpnl(pounds) Minimum separallon not less than the distances shown for "Sipe- nlalence m acceptor ration Of Magazines," except that the quan- from donor when here- Minimum City of explosives contained in cap magazines cadod(n.l mlcaneea shallgovern In regard 'O✓er Nor over d enl9clal to the spacing of said ammo- I barrloades cap magazines from magazines containing Mum n- Bl9etlnp (In.) other explosives. if any two or more maga: tae agent zlnes are separated from each other by less 100 3 l it '2�—. than the specified "Separation of Maga- 100 300 I 4 14 2 tines" dlstanco5, then such two or more 300 600 5 16 12 magazines, as a group,must be considered 25 600 1,000 6 22 12 one magazine, andthe ratan quantity Of ex- 1,000 180D 7 25 12 2,000 2,000 9 29 IS plosives_stored in such group must be treated 3.000 ?,000 0 36 IS as if sl'.nred in a single magazine located on le the site of any magazine of the group, and 43.000 4,000 10 36 5,000 12 40 20 ed co from ro with the minimum of distances 8,000 0,000 12 43 20 specified ailother magazines, inhabited 10,000, 00 tOp00 13 50 20 buildings,railways,and highways, 12,000 14 an 25 (3) All types of blasting caps in strengths 18,000 20,000 16 s64 e 25 10,000 25,000 through No. S cap should he rated at 1'hgbs. 25 of explosives 20.000 30,000 18 I 86 25 p per 1,000 caps. For strengths 20,000 30,000 20 72 30 higher than Nn. S cap, consult the manufac- 20,000 36,000 20 1 72 30 farce 35,00o 40,000 21 79 30 (4) For quantity and distance purposes, 40,000 48000 22 79 36 detonating cord of 50 Or 60 Binsper (Lot 49,000 90.000 23 83 35 should be calculated0.S equlval nr f,0 lbs.of 60,000 55,000 24 89 35 86,000 60,000 high explosives per 1.000 feet, Heavier or 80,000 70,000 25 50 35 lighter core loads should be rated r 26 94 40 tlonately, P OpOi- 70,000 90,000 25 101 40 90,000 90,000 32 106 40 80,000 100,000 455219 Table of distances for storage 100,000 120.000 32 i33 70 of low explosives. +zo.000 180,000 s7 133 sin 140,000 180,000 40 144 80 Pound, 160,000 190.000 44 From In. From Oh' From 180,000 200,000 173 50 lla0lfdtl 110 felond 48 173 50 oulldlnp era high- bommd 2220,000 220,000 52 199 60 Over No over d2,;Lance way tle- B 00 250,000 56 2011 60 (kor) cants magazine 260,000 275,000 60 215 G (eel) (feel) 275,000 300,000 54 230 60 0 1,000 75 i 75 50 1,000 5,000 115 115 75 TABLE.' NATIONAL FMB PROTECTION ASSOCIA- 5,000 10.000 150 180 100 "'ION (NFPA) OFFICIAL STANDARD No. 432. 10,000 20,000 180 190 125 1968 20,000 30,000 215 215 145 30,000 ' 40.000 225 236 155 Notts of Table of Separation Distances of Am,40.000 &ep00 200 250 168 monium Nitrate and Blasting SC000 80,000 260 (7 Agents From F,n- 60.000 70,000 270 260 1 5 piastres or Blasting Agents 70,000 100,000 260 260 ' 190 (1) This table specifies separation l 6aW prevent a 90,000 fan 290 196 to explosion or r olu rate nitrate 90.000 100.000 300 300 200 and ammonium nitrate-basedlastin agents �� 100,000 200,000 375 375 200 p r g fgents by propagation from nearby stores of high 756 t 031;23/2005 14:48 9703502179 CDOT GREELEY PAGE 02/04 §55.215 27 CFR Ch. 1 (4-1-98 Edition) wedge and a fiber, rubber, or wooden fore repairing the exterior of maga- mallet are to be used for opening or aloes, all explosive materials must be closing wood containers of explosive removed if there exists any possibility materials, Metal tools other than non- that repairs may produce sparks or sparking transfer conveyors are not to flame, Explosive materials removed be stored in any magazine containing from magazines under repair must be high explosives. (a) placed In other magazines appro- 355-215 Housekeeping. priate far the storage of those explo- sive materials under this subpart. or Magazines are to be kept clean, dry, (b) placed a safe distance from the and free of grit, paper, empty packages magazines under repair where they are and containers, and rubbish. Floors are to be properly guarded and protected to be regularly swept. Brooms and until the repairs have been completed. other utensils used in the cleaning and maintenance of magazines must have 855,217 Lighting. no spark-producing metal parts, and may be kept in magazines. Floors (a) Battery-activated safety lights or stained by leakage from explosive ma- battery-activated safety lanterns may terials are to be cleaned according to be used in explosives storage maga- instructions of the explosives manufac- tines. Curer. When any explosive material has (b) Electric lighting used in any ex- deteriorated it is to be destroyed in ac- plosives storage magazine must meet �"' cordance with the advice or instruc- the standards prescribed by the 'Na- tions of the manufacturer. The area Clonal Electrical Code,' (National Fire surrounding magazines is to be kept Protection Association, NFPA 70-81). clear of rubbish, brush. dry grass, or for the conditions present in the maga- trees (except live trees more than 10 zinc at any time. All electrical switch- feet tall), for not less than 25 feet in all es are to be located outside of the rnag- directions. Volatile materials are to be swine and also meet the standards pre- kept a distance of not less than 50 feet scribed by the National Electrical from outdoor magazines, Living foliage Code. which is used to stabilize the earthen (c) Copies of invoices, work orders or covering of a magazine need not be re- similar documents which indicate the moved. lighting g g compiles es with the National. §55.216 Repair of magazines. Electrical Code must be available for Before repairing the interior of mag- inspection by ATF officers. azines, all explosive materials are to be g 55.218 Table of distances for storage removed and the Interior cleaned. Be- of explosive materials, Quantity of eigO4lve5 Dlelencee in reel glass Public M1I 9we BPeeeenper railways— Inhabited buildings 0 y public M1IOM1w9ye with SnpamiInn or ma0a- Pounds PW008 Mt A'oD eagle volume of more ].naB Over over 1189 3,000 vehicles bay Bare- Unbard- Berri- UnbnL Sari- I Undard- Bared ceded railed ceded calm' ceded ; cased ceded ceded daededl- s 2 5 70 100 30 SO 51 102 6 12 5 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 B 16 10 20 110 220 46 90 21 182 10 20 20 30 125 250 50 100 ¶3 168 n 12 30 40 140 l 260 55 110 103 200 12 24 40 60 150 300 60 120 110 50 76, 1?0: 240220 15 36 75 100; 190 70 140 SO 127 258 15 32 100 125460 75 160 Il 139 300 l e 32 125 Ise 200 1 430 80 160 150 318 le 36 430 95 170 169 319 19 42 150 200 2661 470 95 210 199 370 21 200 250 266 510 100 210 201 302 23 e 300250 400 270 540 110 220 201 442 24 49 ad6' 400 295 090 120 240 221 442 29 54 400 600 340 640 130 260 203 476 29 II �e EOOI 600 340 aa0 186 r 270 203 508 31 E1 754 01‘23/20@5 14:48 9703502179 CDOT GREELEY PAGE 03/04 Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms, Treasury §55.218 Ouanl ty of OXplO41vex DkoancR In lyet -- ❑tteaengor rsnways-- 1tih8011e0 bu � Publlo hl0hwgyn pees public hiphwaya with Saparatlon of mow POUhde POundl Mat A t0 0 1181110 VDIUTa m rr10/e LIMOS OVgr Over i than 3.500 v5 N0165 nay Nara- Unbsre- 1arrl. Unberrb Nom- U4Mn- 0 r,1. unbard- Oe09r1 carted Cadod 4480 Ceded waded WSOd Oed9d 800 700 355 710 146 290 280' 532 32 84 700 60o 375 750 150 300 270 566 33 55 800 900 390 780 155 310 269 575 35 70 900 1.000 400 600 180 320 300 800 36 72 1.000 1.200 426 850 185 330 316 635 39 79 1,200 1,400 460 900 170 340 339 872 41 92 1,4QQ 1,600 470 940 175 360 551 702 43 98 1.600 1,800 490 980 180 36D 388 732 44 08 1,600 2,000 0O5 1,010 185 270 378 758 45 90 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 330 406 818 49, ?8 2.500 3.000 550 1,160 195 390 432 684 i 82! 104 3.000 4.000 635 1,270 210 d20 474 948' 58 110 4,000 6.000 655 1,370 225 0 i0 515 1,026 61 1.222 5,000 6,000 730 1,450 236 470 546 1,092 65 130 8,000 7,800 770 1,540 246 490 579 1,146 65 ;3B 7,000 6,000 800 1,800 280 500 600 1.200 72 144 8.000 9.000 835 1.570 203 510 624 1248 75 150 9.000 10.000 985 1,730 260 520 866 1.290 78 158 .�� 10.000 12,000 975 1,750 270 540 587 1,374 62 164 12.000 14.000 885 1,770 275 550 722 1,448 57 174 14,000 18,000 900 1,900 2290 560 768 1,512 90 160 18,000 18,000 940 1,680 295 570 796 1,572 94 190 18.000 20,000 975 1,850 290 550 813 1.828 98 195 20,000 25,000 1,095 2.000 315 630 876 1,755 105 210 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933 1, 096 112 224 30.000 35,000 1,205 2,000 300 720 901 1,982 I 119 230 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 580 760 1,0262,000, 124 242 40.000 45,000 1.340 2,000 400 800 1.065 I 45,000 50,000 1.400 2,000 2,000. 129 269 50,000 440 090 1,140 2,0001 140 270 55,000 1,480 2,000 440 890 1,140 2,000 140 250 R0000 50,000 1,615 2,000, 455 50,000 55,000 1,505 2.000 470 910 1.103 2.000 145 220 970 1,236 3.000 155 60.000 70,000 1.910 2,000310 485 970 1,238 3.000 155 32 %3,000 75.000 1,655 2,0000 75,000 60,000 1,595 2,000 510 1.020 1000 .263 2,000 165 320 80,000 06.000 1,730 2,000 1 317 2,� 170 340 05,000 90,000 530 1,080 1.514 2,000 170 340 7,750 2,000 530 1,080 1.44 2,000 17, 350 90.000 96.000 1.780 2,000 540 1,080 1.508 2,000 160 380 95,000 100,000 1.515! 2,000 545 1,090 1,992 2,000 195 370 100,000 110,000 1.835 2,000 553: 1,100 1,437 2,000 195 390 110,000 120,000 1,555 2,000 555 1,110 1,479 2,000 205 41C 120,000 130,000 1,575 2,000 560 1,120 1,521 2,000 215 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 585 1,130 1,557430 140,000 150,000 570 1,140 2,005 235 470 150.000 150,000 1,935' 2,00021,529 2,000 235 4 470 160,000 170,000 1,985 2.000 580 1,180 1,852 2,000 255 610 170.000 180,000590 1.200 1,852 2,000 255 510 180.000 190,000 2,00'80 2,0 2,000 905 1,2 0 1,72B 2,000 800 1.200 1,895 � 285 550 190,000 200,000 2,030 2.030 810 1,220 1,756 I 275 550 200.000 210.000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1, 2.000 296 570 210,00o 230.000 2.'00 2,100 835 1,270 685 2,000 35 590 290,000 250,000 2,155 1,830 2,000 315 2,155 650 1,300 1,880 2, 630 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215, 070 1.340 1,950 2.000 300 570 275,000 300.000 2,275 2,275 1 640 1,380 2,000 I 2.000 386 7x70 755 Southeast Weld Fire Protection District P.O. Box 437 Keenesburg, CO 80643 April 5, 2005 Weld County Planning & Zoning 918 10th Street Greeley, CO 80631 To Whom It May Concern: The Southeast Weld Fire Protection District held a special meeting on March 30`h, 2005 regarding expansion plans for Stonebraker-Rocky Mountain Fireworks Co. located south of Weld County Road 18 and 1/2 mile east of Weld County Road 53. After discussion, Thomas Beach motioned to accept the plans for expansion with the following recommendations: 1. The residential structure maintains a 150 foot distance from staging and storage buildings according to ATF requirements. 2. Place a Nox Box at the front gate for emergency access. 3. Allow SEWFPD to inspect and evaluate facilities during and after construction. Don Nadow seconded and the motion passed with all in favor. It is the mutual understanding between Southeast Weld Fire Protection District and Stonebraker-Rocky Mountain Fireworks Company that fire department/departments will not enter the premises to fight a fireworks-related fire. The role of the fire department/departments in such an instance will evacuate the area as necessary and protect adjacent property. Sincerely, nn David CarMichael Secretary/Treasurer, SEWFPD ExNIBIT r - Hello