HomeMy WebLinkAbout20022952.tiff o
i0
..
ti
AIR QUALITY CONTROL
COMMISSION
�_ L»J 1 __
Report to y.,.., ..-7,;._. ...,,,,_ .„.....t, ! „. .. - w #M=
. Q
the Public
' n
2001-2002 g , �' p . xi}
�p . t\ y i 40
w 1 C L•
■t.� Z u r.
��_' z 3 00:/ii.--CL-'77C9
n
/ L 2002-2952
Colorado
Air Quality Control Commission
Report to the Public
2001 -2002
T SAFE N� T
'F 1876
Colorado Department
of Public Health
and Environment
The Report to the Public is issued by the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission and
prepared by the Air Pollution Control Division of the Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment,
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246, (303) 692-3100
Report Editor/Designer: Robert True
Statutory requirement for public report
25-7-105. Duties of the Commission subsection (4) of this section, the commission •
shall prepare and make available to the public a
(4)(a)The commission and the state board of report which shall contain the following specific
health shall hold a public hearing during the information:
month of October of each year in order to hear (a)A description of the pollution problem in
public comment on air pollution problems within each of the polluted areas of the state, described
the state, alleged sources of air pollution within separately for each such area;
the state, and the availability of practical rem- (b) To the extent possible, the identification
edies therefor; and at such time the technical of sources of air pollution in each separate area
secretary shall answer reasonable questions from of the state, such as motor vehicles, industrial
the public concerning administration and en- sources, and power-generating facilities;
forcement of the various provisions of this (c)A list of all alleged violations of emission
article, as well as rules and regulation promul- control regulations which shows the status of
gated under the authority of this article. control procedures in effect with respect to each
(5) Prior to the hearing required under such alleged violation.
Colorado Air Quality Control Commission
wvvwcdphe.state.co.us/op/aqcc/aqcchom.asp
Commissioner Resident of: Term expires:
Doug Blewitt Englewood January 31 , 2005
Robert E. Brady Jr., chair Lakewood January 31 , 2004
Stephanie Foote Denver January 31 , 2004
Douglas Lawson Littleton January 31 , 2003
Robert Lowdermilk Denver January 31 , 2005
Michael Mueller, secretary Centennial January 31 , 2003
Cynthia Peterson, vice chair Littleton January 31 , 2005
Marian Smith Glenwood Springs January 31 , 2003
Douglas A. Lempke, Technical Secretary
Marla Biberstine, Program Assistant
ii
STA 1'E OF COLORADO.
Bill Owens,Governor OF CO(O
Jane E.Norton,Executive Director 0
COLORADO AIR QUALITY CONTROL COMMISSION re/4
O
http://www.cophe.stale.co.us
4300 Cherry Creek Dr.S. 1876
OED-OPPI-AS
Denver,Colorado 80246-1530(303) Colorado Department
Phone(30100 of Public Health
Fax 6 6911-77-7702 and Environment
October 1, 2002
Dear fellow Coloradan,
The Colorado Air Quality Control Commission is pleased to present this annual report to the public about
the quality of Colorado's air. This report summarizes the progress made and the current state of our air quality.
Colorado experienced no violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in the report time period,
mid-2001 to mid-2002. Urban visibility improvement continues to be a challenge,but voluntary controls at the
Denver metropolitan area's major utilities are expected to make an impact in 2003. Automobile exhaust and
diesel exhaust are now suspected of being the major contributors to urban visibility impairment in the Denver
area.
Street sanding/sweeping controls, wood burning controls, new vehicle engine technology, and improved
emission control systems have greatly helped to eliminate unhealthy air incidents in Colorado.
In 1995,Colorado had 12 areas of the state with dirty,poor air quality designations,known as nonattainment
areas. In general, a poor air or nonattainment designation is earned for measuring more than one day a year with
ambient levels of pollution above the national air quality standard limits for one or more of seven criteria
pollutants in the recent past. All areas in Colorado are now maintaining healthy air quality. The commission
redesignated the last nonattainment area in the state to attainment in July 2002. Although EPA approvals are
needed on several of these, Colorado has done its part for both designing effective controls, and the paperwork
and monitoring data to show these strategies worked. We are the only state in the nation that has moved so far,
and we join only 14 other states that have no areas of air quality violations. Despite this milestone success,
organizations of all types and citizens in Colorado cannot relax in our pursuit of cleaner air for even a short
while;the balance is a delicate one.
Our full attention now turns to eight-hour ozone readings, urban and regional haze, and removing a few
unneeded regulatory requirements with the highest cost/benefit ones first.
Your comments on this format are requested. You are also welcome to come to any of our monthly meet-
ings and comment on any air quality issue of importance to you. This will begin a process for us to respond to
your concerns. Information regarding our commission meetings, generally held on the third Thursday of each
month,can be found at www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/agcc/agcchom.asp.
Thank you from the entire commission,
/11111111
Robert E. Brady Jr.,
Chairman
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Table of Contents
Statutory Requirement ii
Air Quality Control Commissioners ii
Letter from the Commission iii
Overview of Colorado Air Quality 1
The Air Quality Control Commission 3
Air Quality Management Plans 4
Air Quality Management Programs 5
Regional Air Quality Perspectives 11
Central Front Range Region
Eastern High Plains Region
Northern Front Range Region
Pikes Peak Region
South Central Region
Western Slope Region
Appendix
Colorado Air Quality Regulations
Health-Related Air Pollutants
Enforcement Report
iv
it Quality Overview
Colorado maintained compliance with all federal Carbon Monoxide Trends
health-based air pollution standards in fiscal year
2002. In fact, the Denver metropolitan area's Parts Per Million,2nd 8-hour maximum value
wintertime high pollution season was the most clean 1nP
on record. Colorado's air quality has improved 1f
vastly y th 1970 and 1980s.e 14 A
A number of steps have been taken to improve 12
air quality. Cleaner built automobiles and emissions 10 - -
inspection and maintenance programs have reduced 8
Ll� Standard
tailpipe emissions. Regulatory control programs and 6 :
voluntary efforts have helped reduce industrial 4
2
sources of air pollution.
0 ,
Increased street sweeping, the use of alternative 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
deicers, and wood burning control programs have
reduced wintertime particulate pollution in the Front I+Denver+Colorado Springs +Fort Collins I
Range and in many mountain communities. And
during each summer since 1999,businesses and
government have worked on a voluntary program to Denver Metro Ozone Levels
reduce ozone in the Denver metropolitan area. Parts Per Million,4th 8-hour maximum value,Golden
While Colorado and the Denver metropolitan
area have made great strides in cleaning up the air, 0.14
the gains made could be threatened by increased 0.12
motor vehicle emissions combined with weather
0.1
conditions that can cause bad air days. Standard for 3-year average ..,"\
0.08 _" _./ -Denver Metropolitan Area Air 0.06
During the summer of 2001, the Air Pollution
Control Division issued 13 ozone alerts for the 0.04
Denver metropolitan area,down from 27 alerts the 0.02
previous summer. The federal one-hour ozone 0
standard has not been violated since 1988. Early
data for 2002 indicate higher ozone levels than in 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
2001. Ozone is a summertime pollutant caused by
the reaction of volatile organic compounds, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the presence of PM 10 Trends
sunlight.The majority of the ozone problem is Micrograms per cubic meter,2nd maximum value
caused by motor vehicles. Ground-level ozone is a 300
lung irritant and should not be confused with the
natural ozone layer high in the atmosphere that 250 /
protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays. 200
The federal health-based carbon monoxide 150 / Standard
standard has not been violated since 1995. During
the winter of 2000-2001, the highest readings were 100 • .-.—rt' - - *.v%
only half of the standard. More than 73 percent of 50
carbon monoxide in the Denver area is from motor 0
vehicles, with the remaining amount from industry 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
and other sources. Carbon monoxide deprives the I-e-Cripple Creek+Denver+Mt.Crested Butte I
body of oxygen.
1
2001-2002 Report to the Public
•
No exceedances of the federal health-based also several violations during June 2002 due to
coarse particle (PM10) standard have occurred since regional wildfires.
1993. PM10, which in Denver comes mainly from
road dust, can reduce lung function and cause respira- Rural Air
tory problems. The Hayman wildfire southwest of While no rural areas violated federal air quality
Denver and other regional fires caused elevated standards during the past year,Alamosa and Lamar
PM10 readings along the Front Range during June exceeded the standards for PM10 due to blowing
2002' dust.Alamosa exceeded the standards on Feb. 8,
No exceedances of the federal health-based fine Feb. 25 and May 2], 2002. Lamar exceeded the
particle(PM2.5) standard have occurred since standards on Feb. 9, May 21 and June 20, 2002 due
February 2001. Fine particles, which are a result of to blowing dust and March 7, 2002 due to a large
motor vehicle exhaust, power plants and wood brushfire. These exceedances do not count as viola-
burning, can be inhaled deeply into the lungs and tions. They were caused by exceptional weather and
cause damage to the respiratory system. Fine particles natural events.
also degrade visibility and are largely responsible for Smoke from wildfires impacted visibility in
the "Brown Cloud."Although Denver meets the broad areas of the Western Slope during June and
federal health-based standard for fine particles, it July of 2002.
often exceeds the state standard for urban visibility. The last violation of federal air quality standards
There were 55 violations during the winter of 2001- in a rural area was in 1999 in Mount Crested Butte
2002, down from 69 the previous winter. There were due to PM 10.
Causes of Particulate Matter Pollution in Colorado
PM10 Contributions
Denver PM2.5 Contributions
Typical Mountain Community
30% - e0%-
25% 70%
20% - 5060%
15% -
40%
40%
10% - 30
5% ' ' 20%
0% . � 10% 1
0% •
' ■
NO' `0 fez a°5 e q e
e+tea c 9 a \°+'c yJ`,,` .pJsc °�� a`°° p�''2 �ece ' ,�e� ae b
ac• �oF a, e o§c °or 09„5,0 o,e,1/4 .� °y 3
xs t� O� OO c SI ,S °3 .�, Per csrc ��
o pF Pe Od> Spa- P F PcA et+P
F
yr°
This chart represents average source and chemical This chart represents typical source and chemical
contribution to the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentra- contributions to PM10 during a high pollution day in the
tion at a north Denver area monitoring station during winter. Data are averaged from studies of five moun-
the winter of 1997(www.nfrags.colostate.edu). tain communities in Colorado.
PM2.5 particles have an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 PM10 particles have an aerodynamic diameter of 10
microns or less.A micron is approximately one-seventh microns or less. PM10 is the pollutant that most
the width of a human hair. PM2.5 is a pollutant of commonly exceeds National Ambient Air Quality
concern in the metro area because it results in possible Standards in mountain communities,where windblown
respiratory and other health problems and also the dust and woodburning are primary contributors.
"Brown Cloud."
*Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions as opposed to
being emitted into the air.
2
Air Quality Overview
rotecting & improving air quality . . .
The Colorado Air Quality Control Commission
The Colorado Air Quality Control Commis- The commission has addressed the following
sion is the state authority responsible for devel- topics over the course of the past year:
oping and adopting a regulatory program to • the redesignation of the Steamboat Springs
protect and improve air quality in Colorado. PM10, Lamar PM10, and Fort Collins carbon
Typically, the commission is involved in the monoxide nonattainment areas to attainment
maintenance of the regulations through modifica- status and adoption of plans to show long-term
tion and revision. Much of the air quality compliance with the standards,
management program is currently in place and • the review of the Rocky Mountain Steel Mills
has been adopted over time. New programs are permit compliance in Pueblo,
considered occasionally by the commission. • visibility in Colorado National Parks and
The commission oversees the implementa- Wilderness areas,
tion of the programs they adopt. The commis- • review and approval of Front Range commu-
nion is responsible for hearing appeals of the Air nity long range transportation plans to ensure
Pollution Control Division's implementation of protection of air quality standards
the programs through permit terms and condi-
• the revision of industrial source permitting
tions and enforcement actions.
requirements, and
Colorado's air quality management program
regulates air pollutant emissions from: • the review of program requirements for diesel
powered vehicles.
• stationary industrial sources,
Commission meetings are conducted on the
• cars and light duty trucks, third Thursday of each month and may extend
• woodburning, into the next day. The commission encourages
• street sanding and sweeping activities, and members of the public to attend these meetings
• the use of prescribed fire. and express their views.
• The regulatory program is also focused on: More information about the commission and
• visibility, Colorado's air quality management program can
• odor, and be found at www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/
• transportation planning impacts to future air aqcchom.asp.
quality.
3
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Air Quality Management Plans
During the 1970s and 1980s, the U.S. Envi- Carbon Monoxide
ronmental Protection Agency designated many Greeley,Colorado Springs and Longmont
Colorado cities and towns as nonattainment areas were officially redesignated by EPA to attain-
because the areas violated National Ambient Air ment/maintenance status for carbon monoxide in
Quality Standards. By the mid 1990s, all these 1999. Denver was officially redesignated for
areas came into compliance with the various carbon monoxide by EPA in January 2002. The
standards. All areas have been redesignated as of Fort Collins redesignation was approved by the
July 2002. Air Quality Control Commission in July 2002.
The redesignations are made possible by
cleaner air and through development and imple- Particulate Matter(PM10)
mentation of air quality management plans Pagosa Springs and Telluride were redesig-
known as"SIPS" or State Implementation Plans. nated by EPA for attainment of PM10 in August
These plans describe the nature of the air quality 2001. Canon City was redesignated by EPA in
problems and the probable causes. The plans June 2000. Denver was redesignated by EPA for
show projections of future pollutant levels and PM10 in August 2002. Aspen was approved for
identify strategies to reduce these pollutants to redsignation by the commission in 2001 and is
acceptable levels. awaiting redesignation by EPA. Lamar and
Steamboat Springs both were approved for
redesignation by the commission in November
2001, and are awaiting approval by the Legisla-
AttainmenUMaintenance Areas - ture.
i i `} ` L _J Ozone
I
❑IFort Collins , An updated redesignation request and
L �. Osp ny � ❑Greeley, ' maintenance plan for Denver ozone (one-hour
) ❑Longmont — standard)was approved by EPA in September
\\' , ` Denver •
D � _ i 2001.
(. O� j i t
rand Junctio 1
cam. I ❑Colorado
`Aepen"j ') 1 (_.Springs
c _.. ♦ ,-< City Pueblo 4— ---,.
• 0
9 1- �^a—� _ Lamar
Telluride i —7-7O Pagosa Sprigs —
fl Carbon Monoxide Attainment/Maintenance Area
Q PM10 Attainment/Maintenance Area
Q Ozone Attainment/Maintenance Area
to Lead Attainment/Maintenance Area
O Nitrogen Dioxide Attainment/Maintenance Area
4
Air Quality Overview
Air Quality Management Programs
www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/aphom.asp
The Air Pollution Control Division is responsible for implementing the air quality management
programs adopted by the Air Quality Control Commission and is staff to the commission. The divi-
sion is housed within the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. This section of
the report includes a description of each of the air quality management programs and highlights of
recent work.
Mobile Sources Planning and Policy
•Automobile Inspection and • Emissions Program Public Information
Maintenance Program • Community-Based Air Quality Protection
•Alternative Fuels • Environmental Education
•Clean Screen Program • High Pollution Advisory Program
• Diesel Emissions Control • Natural Events Action Plan
•Oxygenated Gasoline Program • Nonattainment/Maintenance Air Quality
Planning
The Mobile Sources Program is involved in • Pollution Prevention
controlling emissions from motor vehicles.The •Transportation Planning
program evaluates and investigates strategies
aimed at reducing vehicular emissions, and The Planning and Policy Program is respon-
conducts research, modeling and planning on the sible for a cross-section of air quality planning,
causes and effects of mobile source air pollution. policy, education and community outreach tasks.
The staff jointly administers the Automobile Included among the program's responsibilities
Inspection and Readjustment program with the are: air quality plan development and implemen-
Colorado Department of Revenue, and adminis- tation; assisting in the development of transporta-
ters two diesel inspection and maintenance tion conformity analysis; participating in air-
programs. quality-related transportation planning; policy
The group also manages the oxygenated development;community-based environmental
gasoline program in Denver and the northern protection; pollution prevention;public informa-
Front Range in winter months.The program was tion; and air quality education in schools.
phased out in Colorado Springs in 2000 due to
improved air quality.
The Mobile Sources Program's Aurora
Vehicle Emissions Technical Center conducts
nationally-recognized vehicle emissions testing
in support of the program's strategies and in
support of the EPA's vehicle testing programs.
Since May 2002 a Clean Screen Program
using remote sensing has been screening out
clean vehicles in Larimer and Weld counties
from the traditional inspection and maintenance
inspection. The program is expected to transition
to the Denver area in 2003.
5
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Stationary Sources Technical Services
•Asbestos Control Program •Ambient Air Monitoring
• Chlorofluorocarbon Program • Modeling, Meteorology and Emission
• Construction Permit Program Inventory Unit
• Field Services Program •Visibility Program
• Hazardous Air Pollutants
• Indoor Air Quality The Technical Services Program is respon-
• Lead Based Paint Abatement Unit sible for the collection and analysis of ambient
• Operating Permit Program air quality data throughout the state. Particulate
• Regulatory and Compliance Assistance and gaseous air monitors are operated in many
Program Colorado communities to keep track of air
•Woodburning Controls quality trends, population exposure to pollutants
and compliance with air quality standards.
The Stationary Sources Program evaluates The program is also responsible for provid-
and develops permits for stationary sources such ing complex modeling analysis to determine the
as factories, industries, mining operations and impacts various sources of air pollution will have
construction projects. Staff members inspect on air quality.These models are used to create
these sources to determine their compliance with and evaluate air pollution control strategies for
regulations and permit conditions, and maintain a State Implementation Plans, which are developed
computerized inventory of air pollution emis- for areas of the state that don't meet federal
sions in Colorado. The program controls open health-based air quality standards. The modeling
burning, regulates asbestos removal and demoli- provides a basis for health risk assessments.
tion activities, reviews school asbestos manage- The program manages the state's visibility
ment plans and implements a wood stove pro- program, which works to protect visual air
gram to ensure that emission standards are met. quality in both urban and rural areas, including
• More than 6,000 sources are registered in national parks and wilderness areas.
Colorado, and the Stationary Sources Program The program maintains real-time and historic
administers an inventory of sources and permit air quality data on the Internet at
conditions to ensure federal and state regulations http://apcd.state.co.us/psi/.
are met. In recent years, greater emphasis has
been placed on compliance assistance, support to
small businesses and pollution prevention as key
tools to ensure stationary sources remain in
regulatory compliance.
6
Air Pollution Control Division
Air Pollution Control Division Highlights
Redesignations Fort Collins Redesignation
In October 2001,the Denver metropolitan The technical work to redesignate Fort
area received official redesignation to attainment Collins as an attainment area for carbon monox-
for ozone. This marked the end of another ide was completed this year, and a final attain-
chapter in the Denver metropolitan area's air ment plan was sent to the EPA in the fall of 2002.
pollution problems and established a 15-year The technical analysis indicates that Fort
plan for keeping the area in attainment. The plan Collins will maintain the National Ambient Air
considers growth and other factors affecting Quality Standards for carbon monoxide in the
primary pollutants (organic solvents, gasoline years 2004 through 2015 without state-mandated
fumes,nitrogen oxides from cars and major control strategies.This will allow a federally-
industrial facilities) that end up producing ozone enforceable oxygenated fuel program and the
during the summer months. The Denver area automobile inspection and maintenance program
also had a cleaner summer for ozone in 2001, to be dropped in Fort Collins between 2004 and
followed by worse ozone readings in 2002. The 2015.
Denver area remains on the edge of compliance The current plan looks at discontinuing all
with the federal ozone standards. federally-enforceable strategies in late 2004 but
In November 2001,the Air Quality Control does not preclude having some local control
Commission adopted redesignation plans for the program as a state-only provision. The two local
Lamar and Steamboat Springs PM10 non- strategies in Fort Collins are oxygenated fuels
attainment areas. These were the last two of and basic automobile inspection and mainte-
seven PM 10 attainment plans to be adopted nance. Due to high future growth expectations,
during the past several years. Colorado now has this plan has to carefully balance transportation
long-term attainment plans in place for all areas growth and continued air quality.
of the state for particulate matter. Problem areas
still challenge the state, such as Alamosa, Cripple Maintenance Plan Evaluations
Creek and some mountain communities.These Several Front Range cities that require motor
areas are being dealt with through non-regulatory vehicle emissions inspections and use of oxygen-
community planning efforts. ated fuels may be able to eliminate those pro-
In December 2001,EPA approved the grams as a result of new federal emissions
Denver carbon monoxide redesignation. Denver models that indicate lower motor vehicle emis-
became the first metropolitan area with a"seri- sions in the future.
ous"designation to get EPA approval for carbon During 2001 and 2002, the division began
monoxide attainment. The metro area has participating in or directing several efforts to
improved from some of the worst carbon monox- reevaluate the Greeley,Colorado Springs,
ide problems in the country to attainment status Denver and Longmont carbon monoxide attain-
during a 25-year period. Denver was the first ment plans using the new federal MOBILE6
metropolitan area to adopt oxygenated fuels as a emission model.The division believes that most
local carbon monoxide control strategy and one of these areas will be able to eliminate or reduce
of the first areas to adopt an automobile inspec- the remaining local control strategies such as
tion and maintenance program. The Denver the use of oxygenated fuels or inspection and
metropolitan area's air quality plan includes a maintenance programs for automobiles—from
new clean screen technology to reduce the need the federally enforceable state implementation
for motor vehicle testing in the future. The plan plan for air quality.
also phases down the oxygenated fuel require- Those areas may decide to keep some air
ments,thereby reducing the regulatory burden to quality control strategies at a state or local level.
industry and reducing the price of fuel. The division believes that keeping the "basic"
inspection and maintenance program and oxy-
genated fuels will have a diminishing benefit for
7
2001-2002 Report to the Public
air quality because newer cars have much lower March 2001,but the data management system
emissions than older vehicles. Colorado Springs had not been fully developed and approved until
already eliminated the use of oxygenated fuels in March 2002. The data management system
its attainment plan beginning with the 2000-2001 tracks screened vehicles,determines eligibility
winter season. of vehicles, allows notification of vehicle
owners, records fee payment information, and
New AIR Program Contract communicates information with county clerks
A renewed motor vehicle inspection and and the Department of Revenue about the
maintenance (I/M)contract with Envirotest took emissions testing status of screened vehicles.
effect January 1, 2002. This new contract This full implementation of the Northern
replaces one that had been in place since 1995. Front Range Clean Screen Program completes a
The contract is in effect for up to four years and multi-year effort to bring such a program to
maintains continuity in the state's motor vehicle Colorado.
inspection and maintenance program.
Under the new contract, a remote sensing/ Regional Haze
clean screen program in the Denver metropolitan Prevention of regional haze has been the
area may supplement emissions testing. The focus of a planning process during 2001-2002 as
program would allow vehicles to forego emis- the state works to meet requirements of the 1999
sions testing if they are determined to be "clean" federal Regional Haze Rule. The rule requires
after driving past a remote sensing checkpoint. states to prevent and eventually eliminate man-
The checkpoints would be established along made haze in parks and wilderness areas in the
major roadways in the Denver area. Remote West. Colorado is developing a long-term plan
sensing has been in place in Fort Collins since in partnership with other western states to reduce
March 2001 when monitoring first began. emissions of pollutants that cause haze. The
Other aspects of the current program remain plan will address all man-made sources of haze-
the same. Vehicles that are 1982 or newer must causing pollution, including industry, motor
be tested every two years, while 1981 and older vehicles, road dust, and forest fires. The plan
vehicles are tested annually. In the Denver could include new pollution control equipment
metropolitan area, 1982-and-newer vehicles are on large industries such as power plants, refiner-
inspected at centralized UM facilities operated by ies and cement manufacturers.The plan could
the state contractor. There has been no increase also include market incentives that would allow
in the cost of inspection. Station locations have industries that emit less than their legal limits to
remained the same, though hours of operation sell credits to those that emit more than their
have been reduced. limits, resulting in overall industrial emissions to
The 1/M program is required under current be within limits.
federally-mandated state implementation plans An ongoing analysis of visibility trends and
(SIPs)to control air quality. particle pollution is being undertaken by Colo-
rado and other states and air planning organiza-
Northern Front Range Clean Screen Program tions such as the Western Regional Air Partner-
Acceptance Testing ship.
The division gave final approval in March The division completed a regional haze
2002 to the state emissions inspection contractor white paper in 2002 to help define planning
to begin actual clean screening of motor vehicles options. In February 2002 the Air Quality
in the Northern Front Range. Vehicles that meet Control Commission hosted a public discussion
emissions requirements when passing by a of the white paper and in June 2002 completed
roadside monitor are"clean screened" and do not its analysis of the paper.
have to undergo emissions inspection at an The federal rule requires Colorado to submit
inspection station. a haze plan as early as 2003,but no later than
On-road monitoring has been in place since 2008,depending on which strategy the state
8
Air Pollution Control Division
takes to reduce haze.The rule requires continued Clean Fuels Fleet Program from the carbon
reductions in haze to return national parks and monoxide State Implementation Plan.
wilderness areas to natural conditions of visibil- The program was a cooperative effort among
ity by the year 2064. the U.S. Postal Service,the Air Pollution Control
Division, and the EPA.
Prescribed Fires
Those who use large prescribed fires to T-REX Monitoring
manage forests and grasslands must undergo a The Air Pollution Control Division and the
planning and approval process through the T-REX highway project team, SouthEast Corri-
Colorado Air Quality Control Commission dor Constructors, developed a comprehensive air
beginning in 2002.A regulation was adopted by quality plan. The goal is to control emissions
the commission in January 2002 that contains from construction activities so that all National
permitting and reporting requirements for Ambient Air Quality Standards,opacity stan-
significant users of prescribed fire. Significant dards and non-road engine/vehicle emissions
users are expected to include the U.S. Forest standards will not be exceeded or violated during
Service, the National Park Service, Bureau of the construction period.
Land Management, Department of Defense and The contractors submitted a land use/
some municipalities and individual landowners. construction permit, which includes a fugitive
The regulation applies to owners of 10,000 acres emission control plan, a corridor-wide plan for
or more that generate at least 10 tons of particu- real-time monitoring of particle emissions, a
late matter from fire annually. meteorological monitoring plan and a stake-
Prescribed fires are expected to increase over holder mitigation plan.
the next decade as fire is reintroduced as a tool to Although the T-REX air quality control plan
improve the health of forests and grasslands. focuses on control of particle emissions, the
The smoke generated by fires contributes to contractor also is required to protect the public
particulate pollution and visibility degradation. from increased levels of carbon monoxide and to
Therefore, the new Regulation No. 9 requires all enforce nuisance ordinances at a neighborhood
significant users of prescribed fire beginning in level.
July 2002 to submit planning documents to the T-REX will add 15 miles of light rail along 1-
commission that show how the fire will meet the 25 from Broadway in Denver to Lincoln Avenue
state standard. The state standard requires users in Douglas County, with a spur along I-225 from
of fire to"minimize all emissions using all I-25 to Parker Road in Aurora. At the same time,
available practicable methods that are techno- 1-25 will be widened to accommodate two new
logically feasible and economically reasonable." lanes (one northbound and one southbound) for
A public hearing also is required for the planning the length of the main 15-mile corridor. 1-225
documents. will be widened to accommodate three through
lanes in each direction. Work began in Novem-
U.S.Postal Service Vehicle Retirement ber 2001 and is scheduled for completion in
Program Completed 2007.
The U.S. Postal Service recycled its final The T-REX corridor air quality plan is one of
postal vehicle in the Project XL vehicle retire- the most comprehensive for a major highway/
ment program in October 2001. The Postal transit construction project in the nation.
Service retired 550 higher-emitting pre-1984
vehicles and moved another 275 vehicles to other
locations. The Postal Service acquired 810 new
vehicles that meet EPA's low emitting vehicle
standards.
This program allowed the state to take air
quality credit that permitted the removal of the
9
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Air division fiscal data: July 2001 - June 2002
Revenues: $15.4 million
Revenue History
$18 Federal
$16 22%
$14 $6.7£ Mobile Source Fees
SAO $5.55 °a
:s.67 37.7%
`m $12 $q7p Stationary Sources Funds
o° $10 `
$6 :s"„ u„ 95 $5.48 :51 $$.,9 .,,v Stationary Source Fees � � ,•
>A.21 Mobile Sources Funds "i - -+ i{ 403°/O
52. $329 $2.93 O/4 $2.99 $'1.90 $3.61 4.78
Federal Funds
60
95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02
Air Administration
Expenditures: $14.8 million 2.14°/0
ept.
Administration
Expenditure History 15.67%
$16 - Stationary Sources
$14 39.05% Technical Services
$12 - 21.39°/0,
$to " Ism Mobile Sourc-
o $8 2175%
$2
95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02
Number of Employees: 150.1 Administration 4.5
Employment Level History Technical
t60 -� - Services
149 ; 149.9 149.0 1501
40 33.8
120 - -- Stationary Sources
100 - -- 73.4 Mobile Sources
80 38.4
60
40
Ks
o
95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02
10
Regional Air Quality Perspectives
Areas of the state differ greatly from one Currently, the following local health depart-
another in landscape, weather conditions,popula- ments have contracts with the department and
tion, motor vehicle traffic, amount of industry, division to perform specific air quality activities
and woodburning practices. in their respective areas: Boulder County,
This section of the report separates Colorado Denver, El Paso County,Jefferson County,
into six regions to more clearly address each Larimer County,Mesa County,Pueblo City-
region's specific air quality conditions and County and Weld County.
activities. Many local and regional environmen- In addition, the following organizations
tal and planning agencies have submitted infor- have been designated as the lead air quality
mation for this section of the report. planning entities in their respective areas: the
The Air Pollution Control Division is the lead Regional Air Quality Council (Denver-metro
agency for implementing the state's air quality area), the Pikes Peak Area Council of Govern-
management program. However, it could not ments(Pikes Peak Region) and the North Front
accomplish its work alone. Many local health Range Transportation and Air Quality Planning
departments and planning agencies throughout Council (Fort Collins and Greeley areas).
the state have air quality management programs
which they operate either independently or under
contract with the Colorado Department of Public
Health and Environment.
k.
\
—
,,- --'\� \ LARIMER WELD SEDOWICK
j1) r LOGAN I-.._
MOFFAT r'I 1 JACKSON \, Northern Front Range Region PHILLIPS
� ROUTT '' 1 - \ I
f [`-'L,_.1,✓. r ✓n____.._.__-_1 MORGAN I I
-I GRAND 7 RROOMFIELD ,
RIO BLANCO ) BOULDER 4 YUMA
�� �/ r'' ADAMS WASHINGTON
I
" r Eastern H'ligh Plain Regidn
EAGLE ',.:2---m `CREEK S y(1]VER ARAPAHOE '
.
GARFIELD 5 r
In/ /DOUGLAS I ELBERT 1
KIT CARSON
v—SKI" KEI Central Front Range Region I
MESA
DELTA / � � LINCOLN CHEYENNE
I I
r GUNNISON `c �- I
I PARK _
�/ FREMONT L R I KIOWA
MONTROSE
E5
�J d CROWLEY
II �\ �J H r EL PASO OUR Y'
SAN MIGUEL SAGUACHE CUSTER Pike—Peatc Region , OTERO PROWERS I(' f-�R CCII� Region BENT
DOLORES ' m/SAN �'L, ,l I r
N g I
KI/ T � IRIO GRANDE ALAMOSA �.`[ — � -
I /lV1
MONTQUMA J i -- -, / '' PUEBLO
LA PLATA (I/ r BACA
, ARCHULETA COSTILU
OrvEJ06
2 t -��I I
lHUERFANO /
West Slope Region �,, �'
1.7 LAS ANIMAS
South Central Region
11
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Central Front Range Region
The Central Front Range Region includes
Adams,Arapahoe, Boulder, Clear Creek, Den-
ver,Douglas, Gilpin and Jefferson counties. It
has a population of 2.4 million (2000 census), —.
most of whom live and work in the Denver- Lii I
Broomfield
Boulder area. This region is the most densely 4 BOULDER
L(_/
populated in the state.The land varies from Aft
rolling prairie to rugged mountains. iy L,_ ri ADAMS
In the past,the Denver-metropolitan area t CLEAR-1 m ENVER ARAPAHOS~'
has violated health-based air quality standards CREEK Ill ilif'mi.
for carbon monoxide, fine particles and y -�
ozone. O J
In response, the Regional Air /DOUGLAS I
Quality Council,Colorado Air Quality .._—'in.- 1 if
Control Commission and Air Pollution -
Control Division have developed,
adopted and implemented air quality
improvement plans to reduce each of
the pollutants.
Air Pollution Sources
In the Central Front Range Region, air
pollution comes from a variety of sources.
Substantial emissions occur as a
result of motor vehicle use, street Central Front Range Air Pollution Sources
sanding and woodburning activi- Tons Per Year
ties.
In this area,the Regional Air $o _ E Biogenic
Quality Council and a number of °o°
local health departments have air Ao° - ■Mobile
quality control programs. cr-
°° ❑Area
°
Air Pollution Control yocr DPoint
Measures
The control of air pollution in e
the Central Front Range region °°°� -
°
has been the result of local, state,
and federal programs that target °o . MI
emissions from automobiles and No°'
mobile sources, power plants and ° CO NOX VOC PM10 SO2 HAPs
industrial sources, woodstoves,
and emissions from street sanding and sweeping CO: Carbon Monoxide
practices. NOx: Nitrogen Oxide
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
PM10: Particles under 10 microns
502: Sulfur Dioxide
HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
12
Central Front Range Region
Boulder County Health Department improvement research projects; provide indoor
www.co.boulder.co.us/health/environ.htm air quality monitoring and assistance; and
responds to complaints about violation of the
Boulder County Health Department staff environmental tobacco smoke control ordinance.
utilize an integrated pollution prevention strategy The Environmental Protection Division
in their work with businesses. Air quality and implements state regulatory activities on behalf
pollution prevention staff help businesses save of the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division
money and reduce environmental impacts. Staff by contract. These activities includes inspections
assist with permitting requirements, inspect air and enforcement for air emission sources,
pollution sources, enforce air pollution regula- chlorofluorocarbon sources and asbestos
tions and provide information to the public on a projects; operation of air quality monitoring
variety of air quality issues. stations; issuance of open burning permits; and
The department operates and maintains an response to air pollution complaints.
air quality monitoring network in the cities of Denver also protects outdoor air quality
Boulder, Longmont, and near Eldorado Springs. through its smoking and idling vehicle ordi-
The network monitors ozone, particulate matter, nances, its woodburning ordinance, and a
and carbon monoxide. GreenFleets Executive Order, which reduces
The Boulder County Health Department carbon dioxide emissions and fuel/energy
funds and coordinates the Boulder County Clean consumption through efficient management of
Air Consortium, which includes members from the municipal fleet.
the private and public sectors working to im- Denver continues to implement an industrial
prove air quality in Boulder County. environmental review process that began in
The department provides consultation 1991. The process minimizes the community
regarding indoor air quality complaints, assists and environmental impact of pollutant emissions
other municipalities with resolving indoor air from new and expanding industrial operations.
quality concerns, provides the community with Part of the review requires a determination of
seminars on indoor air quality and makes recom- "undue concentration" of facilities in industri-
mendations on land use reviews regarding indoor ally-zoned areas. In order to determine undue
air quality improvement options. concentrations of air emissions, the department
conducts a baseline assessment of hazardous air
Denver Department of pollutants using computer modeling to predict
Environmental Health ambient concentrations,taking into account
www.denvergov.org emissions from stationary, mobile and area-wide
sources. This work assists in identifying areas
Denver's air quality management program is where cumulative impacts from multiple sources
conducted by the Environmental Protection affect a community and assists the department in
Division of the Department of Environmental implementing steps to achieve hazardous air
Health, Denver's public health department. The pollutant emission reductions.
Environmental Protection Division engages in
technical advisory services for businesses; Voluntary Programs
inspection and surveillance of air pollution Denver city offices participate in voluntary
sources; enforcement of city, state and federal programs to help maintain good air quality. The
environmental laws; and air pollution prevention Environmental Protection Division manages the
activities. Environmental Protection Division Clean Cities program, which promotes the use of
staff participate on city, regional and national air clean-burning fuels,alternative transportation,
quality management committees and organiza- and the travel reduction program for city em-
tions. Division staff manage the city's air quality ployees. The travel reduction program includes
improvement programs;conduct air quality telecommuting/teleworking, Ecopass mass transit
passes, and flexible work schedules. Voluntary
13
2001-2002 Report to the Public
participation in the Regional Air Quality metro region. Its primary task is to prepare state
Council's Ozone Alert program during summer implementation plans for compliance with
months and the Pollution Solution program federal air quality standards for ozone, carbon
during winter months are coordinated and monoxide, and particulate matter.
promoted through a city employee network of The council consists of nine members,
environmental transportation coordinators. appointed by the Governor. Four are citizen
members selected on their knowledge of and
interest in air quality and related issues. Two are
Jefferson County Department of locally elected officials representing local
Health and Environment governments in the Denver area. Another is a
www.co.jefferson.co.us locally elected official representing the Denver
Regional Council of Governments as the trans-
Jefferson County is the second most pope- portation planning organization for the Denver
lous county in Colorado, with more than 527,000 region. The two remaining members are the
resiexecutive directors of the Colorado Department
county stretches More than su70burban
as n plains mins in size, the of Public Health and Environment and the
county nousfo from store than ha to the Colorado Department of Transportation.
mountainous foothills more e 10,000 feet in The RAQC has coordinated a voluntary
elevation.Within this diverse area are a variety
of potential air pollution sources, from large- summer ozone awareness and reduction program
scale manufacturing plants to dusty unpaved since 1999 to help keep the Denver area in
mountain roads. compliance with the federal ozone standard.
Each year, the Jefferson County Department In 2001, the metro region was named an
of Health and Environment inspects a variety of attainment area for the federal ozone and carbon
stationary sources of air emissions to ensure monoxide standards. In the summer of 2002, the
compliance with state and federal regulations. region was named an attainment area for the
Staff also inspect asbestos removal projects, and particulate matter standard,the last step to
refrigeration and air conditioning businesses that
achieving federal clean air status. The Denver
use or handle chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).The region now stands as the first major metropolitan
department investigates citizen concerns about area in the country to meet all federal, health-
radon gas, indoor air quality, and fugitive dust. based air quality standards after violating five of
Staff also issues open burning permits. six National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
The department also collects air samples at
15 air monitoring stations that it maintains at the
Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site
(former nuclear weapons manufacturing plant) to
help monitor the on-going cleanup activities at
the facility.
Regional Air Quality Council
www.ragc.org
The Regional Air Quality Council (RAQC) is
the lead air quality-planning agency for the
seven-county Denver metropolitan area. The
RAQC's mission is to develop effective and cost-
efficient air quality planning initiatives with
input from local governments, the private sector,
stakeholder groups, and citizens of the Denver
14
Central Front Range Region
Air Quality Index for Metro Denver
The Air Pollution Control Division uses an Denver-metro maximum AQI readings
air quality reporting method called the Air with predominant pollutant identified
Quality Index.The Air Quality Index provides
health officials with a simple, uniform way to
report daily levels of air pollution. July 2001 through June 2002
Year round, division staff collect current
information about the levels of carbon monoxide,
ozone and fine particles for index reporting. August j ' "
After analyzing the data, staff convert the September pillontidesr
information into numbers on the Air Quality October • ,11, larbotee ,
Index scale. On this scale, the National Ambient November 't,a
Air Quality Standards equal 100 for carbon December "al
-,„a
monoxide, ozone and PM 10, and 150 for PM2.5. January rilaWrilliin
Air Quality Index readings greater than these February r
values indicate exceedances of a pollutant's March
tt
standard. April °q1W
The bar chart on the right shows the monthly
maximum index levels recorded between July
2001 and June 2002 in the Denver-metro area. In
each bar is the pollutant that caused the monthly 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
maximum. Air Quality Index
Denver-metro area Denver-metro maximum AQI ratings
Air Quality Index Days by category
readings 240
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is divided into 220 '2241
197 207
five air quality categories. These are referred to 200 1a3 188�9n 191
as good, moderate, unhealthful, very unhealthful 180 181 ��78
174
and hazardous. 160 167 158 100
According to the index, any reading between 140 38
0-50 indicates good air quality, 51-100 moderate 120 -000d
air quality, 101-199 unhealthful air quality, 200- 100 Moderate
80 1—unheanM.. 1
299 very unhealthful air quality and 300-500
60
hazardous air quality.
40
The chart to the right summarizes and 20
compares index readings for the past six years. 2 1 0 1
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02
15
2001-2002 Report to the Public
The Visibility Standard Index for Metro Denver
The visible aspect of air quality is reported Denver-metro
by the Visibility Standard Index.The visibility Visibility Exceedance Days
standard is exceeded if 7.6 percent or more of the Percentage of monitoring days with exceedances
light in a kilometer of air is blocked over a four-
hour average from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. 100%
On the visibility scale, a value of 101 equates 90%
to the .076/km standard. Readings between 0-50
80%
are good, 51-100 fair, 101-199 poor and 200-plus 1
extremely poor. The chart at right shows the 70%
percentage of monitoring days that the visibility 60P
standard was exceeded with a rating of 101 or 50% "VA------NN\b/-*-A\ ✓zA
greater.
Determining the actual Visibility Standard 40%
Index reading can be complicated by the pres- 30%
ence of precipitation, relative humidity of 70 20%
percent or greater,fog, blowing dust, smoke,etc. 10%
When such conditions are present, readings are 1
excluded. The visibility standard is monitored 0%
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
by an instrument called a transmissomeICC
Northern Front Range Air Quality Study and Visibility
The 1996-1997r ` 3i
Northern Front
Range Air Quality
Study examined the
sources and causes
of visibility prob- _ - :
lems in Colorado's
e' .
northern front r
ter ..
range region, k
�.. r.
including the ,«K^` ��.Aor.
Denver basin.The Clear visibility and impaired visibility in the Denver basin—a view looking south into the metro area
Division contrib- from a division monitoring site during two days of June 2000.
uted to the study by
providing technical guidance and motor such as woodbuming restrictions were shown to be working to
vehicle testing.The study results indicated reduce visibility problems.The study pointed to high-polluting
that visibility conditions between areas of vehicles, indicating that such vehicles contribute disproportion-
the region are more interrelated than ately to poor visibility. Study results will be used in the future
previously thought. Particles from motor as policy makers and scientists address the visibility issue. For
vehicles, industry and agriculture,contrib- more information, see www.nfraqs.colostate.edu.
ute to the problem not only in the Denver-
metro area but to a significant degree in
areas north of Denver along the South
Platte River drainage. Existing strategies
16
Eastern High Plains Region
The Eastern High Plains Region encom- LOGAN SEOGW JK
passes the counties on the plains of eastern •Sterling
Colorado. The area's population is approximately '"ILLI';
138,447 (2000 census). Its major urban centers o`gan•
have developed around farming, ranching and MORGAN
trade centers such as Sterling, Fort Morgan, YUMA
Limon, La Junta and Lamar. The agricultural WASHINGTON
base includes both irrigated and dryland farming.
ELBERT •LimoQ KIT CARSON
Air Pollution Sources rll
There are a number of industries in this I CHEYENNE
region that cause air pollution. These include LINCOLN rll
agricultural processes, gravel pits, power plants
KIOWA
and natural gas pipeline compression stations. CI OWLEY
Because of the region's semiarid nature, fugitive -'r •Lamar
dust from agricultural operations dominates air BENT PROWE IS
OTERO
pollution in the region. Woodburning is a minor
contributor to air pollution in the region.
BACA
Air Pollution Control Measures
In this region, the control of air pollution is
accomplished through the cooperative efforts of
state and local health departments in enforcing
state emission regulations on stationary
sources. In addition,the city of Lamar Eastern Plains Air Pollution Sources
has taken steps to maintain and im- Tons Per Year
prove its air quality. 000
_ ®Biogenic
OO
Ng" •Mobile
N -
O
000 Area
0 Point
0°'
00
00
OO
0.00
lllllllllll
CO NOX VOC PM10 SO2 HAPs
CO: Carbon Monoxide
NOx: Nitrogen Oxide
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
PM10: Particles under 10 microns
S02: Sulfur Dioxide
HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
17
2001-2002 Report to the Public
City of Lamar
This past year, the City of Lamar's role in air
quality was to continue addressing dust abeyance
at its source, continued planting of trees and
grass, and implementing programs to encourage
cleaner yards and streets.
Lamar was approved in 2001 by the Air
Quality Control Commission as an attainment
area for the federal particulate matter standard.
The area has not violated the standard since
1992.
Additionally,the City of Lamar has joined
efforts with the Air Pollution Control Division
and Prowers County in developing a community
survey that will gauge public perception of air
quality and the public's willingness to utilize
public funds to improve local air quality.
Prowers County also works closely with the
City of Lamar to ensure that developments within
close proximity of the city do not impact air
quality.
18
Northern Front Range Region
The Northern Front Range Region is com-
prised of Larimer and Weld counties. The
population of these two counties is approxi-
mately 432,430(2000 census). The two major
urban areas are Fort Collins in Larimer County
and Greeley in Weld County. The city of Love- LARIMER Ft Collins. WEED
land also is included in this region. Larimer
County has irrigated farmland in its eastern half E°vela"d•
and mountains in its western half. Weld County •cfe°'eY
is predominantly grassland and irrigated farm-
land.
Air Pollution Sources
Motor vehicle emissions constitute the major
source of air pollution in Greeley and Fort -
Collins. Emission inventories compiled in these
areas also indicate pollution influences from
industry, manufacturing, power plants, cement
plants and mining. Residential woodbuming,
dust from unpaved roads and agricultural
operations also contribute to air pollution
in the Fort Collins and Greeley areas. Northern Front Range Air Pollution Sources
The Northern Front Range continues Tons Per Year
to grow and add new businesses. Some
of these businesses are minor air pollu- Biogenic
y.
tion sources that require emission ° •Mobile
0
permits from the Air Pollution Control y°o
Division.
O Area
Point
Air Pollution Control .,C°
Measures As' -
In Fort Collins and Greeley, a
number of strategies are being imple-
mented to control air pollution. The etc"'
Larimer County and Weld County health
° CO NOX VOC PM1 0 SO2 HAPs
departments and the cities of Fort Collins
and Greeley have all worked toward
implementing these strategies. The North Front CO: Carbon Monoxide
Range Transportation and Air Quality Planning NOx: Nitrogen Oxide
Council is the lead air quality planning agency in VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
PM1the Fort Collins and Greeley areas, and deter- 5O2: Particles lfr under 10 microns
SO2: Sulfur Dioxide
mines strategies to reduce air pollution caused by HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
motor vehicles.
19
2001-2002 Report to the Public
City of Fort Collins The city's air quality education and outreach
www.fcgov.com/airquality/ efforts target diverse audiences through various
methods. Students participate in activities such
The Natural Resources Department takes a as the Drive-less Contest. The contest is an
lead role in addressing air pollution problems in incentive program for high school students and
Fort Collins in accordance with the city's Air school staff to use alternative modes of transpor-
Quality Action Plan.The plan focuses on air tation. Also,the Air Care Trunk is available for
pollution caused by motor vehicles,commerce checkout by teachers. The kit contains materials
and industry, woodburning, and indoor air and lesson plans to teach elementary students
pollutants.The Air Quality Action Plan is about clean air. Regular articles,advertisements,
implemented primarily through education and and participation in public events keep air quality
outreach. Data collection and monitoring help messages in public view.
assess current programs and provide guidance
for periodic reviews and updates.The city strives Larimer County Department of
to demonstrate clean air practices in its own Health and Environment
operations. A regulatory approach is employed http://www.larimer.org/depts/health/
when necessary as a last course of action. healthl.htm
The city has taken actions to reduce traffic
growth through alternative transportation choices The Air Quality Program for the Larimer
and land use planning to reduce dependency on County Department of Health and Environment
automobiles. The city's education and outreach includes ambient air quality monitoring, source
efforts provide information about the connection inspection,enforcement actions, planning,
between air quality and automobile use.The educational presentations,and public information
city's Land-Use-Transportation-Air-Quality and outreach efforts.
(LUTRAQ)Team works to increase funding for Staff work as agents for the Colorado Air
alternative transportation, to raise awareness Pollution Control Division. Cooperation with
about alternative transportation, and to improve other local agencies including the North Front
traffic measurement and forecasts. Range Transportation and Air Quality Planning
In July 1999,the city completed an action Council occurs regularly. A county air quality
plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from control review is conducted for all new land
Fort Collins.The plan identifies strategies to development.
lower greenhouse gas emissions to 30 percent of Larimer County personnel perform inspec-
the predicted 2010 levels, as well as save money tions and enforcement activities for minor
for the city, its citizens and businesses. In stationary sources and chlorofluorocarbons, and
addition,the city is working with 20 area busi- conduct on-going ambient air quality monitoring
nesses that have committed to reduce greenhouse for criteria pollutants. Air quality complaints
gas emissions through a local voluntary program received from the public are investigated.
called Climate Wise. Larimer County operates the PM2.5 and PMI O
particle samplers in the Ft. Collins area along
with carbon monoxide and ozone monitors.
20
Northern Front Range Region
North Front Range Transportation Services
and Air Quality Planning Council Inspections of air pollution sources are
conducted.
The North Front Range Transportation and Weld County residents'complaints of air
Air Quality Planning Council was established in quality are investigated and resolved.
1988 as the metropolitan planning organization Residents' requests for open burning permits
for the Greeley and Fort Collins areas. In 1993, are evaluated and either issued or denied. The
the council was designated by the Governor as program is discouraging burning while encourag-
the lead air quality planning organization for ing composting.
both of these areas. Colorado Air Pollution Control Division
The council is responsible for the develop- monitoring equipment for particulate matter,
ment and implementation of the Fort Collins and carbon monoxide and ozone in Greeley and
Greeley elements of the state implementation Platteville are jointly maintained and operated by
plan (SIP) for attainment of air quality standards, staff members of Weld County Environmental
as well as other transportation related air quality Health Services.
planning projects in the North Front Range Assistance is provided to small businesses
region. that need help in complying with air regulations.
Voting membership on the council includes Environmental Health Services works with
Larimer and Weld Counties,Fort Collins, communities within the county and recommends
Greeley, Loveland, Berthoud,Windsor, Evans, air quality-related land use provisions which may
Garden City, LaSalle,Johnstown,the Colorado then be adopted by county and local govern-
Air Quality Control Commission,and the ments.
Colorado Transportation Commission. Greeley and Weld County participate in a
Clean Cities program that promotes alternative
Weld County Department of modes of transportation and the use of cleaner
Public Health and Environment burning fuels.
Environmental Health Services conducts
The Environmental Health Services of the investigations of asbestos and chlorinated
Weld County Department of Public Health and hydrocarbon issues.
Environment implements many of the air quality
programs for the Colorado Air Pollution Control
Division. The Weld County programs listed here
help protect ambient air quality and keep Weld
County in attainment of state and federal air
quality standards.
21
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Pikes Peak Region
The Pikes Peak Region includes El Paso,
Teller and Park counties. The area has a
population of approximately 552,007 (2000
census).The Colorado Springs-metro area is
one of the more rapidly growing areas in the PARK
state. Eastern El Paso County is rural prairie, •
while the western part, along with Park and TELLER EL PASO
Teller counties, is mountainous.
-Colorado Springs
Air Pollution Sources
As in other urbanized areas in Colorado,
pollutants in the Pikes Peak Region originate
primarily from stationary and mobile sources.
Major sources in the region include power
plants, ready-mix concrete plants, electronics [� -
manufacturing facilities, quarries and exten- l
sive military operations. Other sources include
motor vehicle emissions, woodburning, street N i
sanding operations, PM10 emissions from
unpaved roads, and construction activities.
Air Pollution Control Measures
In this region, the management of
air pollution is led by the Pikes Peak
Area Council of Governments.The Pikes Peak Region Air Pollution Sources
nonprofit Clean Air Campaign of the Tons Per Year
Pikes Peak Region works to educate the
public about air pollution issues. In pp ®Biogenic
addition, the El Paso County Depart- <f" - ■Mobile
ment of Health and Environment yoFP,
-
provides air quality monitoring,en- ` pp ❑Area
forcement and public education activi- Point
ties in accordance with the Colorado Air ppp
Pollution Prevention and Control Act.
�yppp
ryycl'°
CO NOX VOC PM10 SO2 HAPs
CO: Carbon Monoxide
NOx: Nitrogen Oxide
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
PM10: Particles under 10 microns
SO2: Sulfur Dioxide
HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
22
Pikes Peak Region
Pikes Peak Area Complaint investigations are conducted on
Council of Governments asbestos, odors, fugitive dust and general air
www.ppacg.com quality sources.
The department also is responsible for the
The Pikes Peak Area Council of Govern- operation and maintenance of the air-monitoring
ments is the lead air quality planning agency for network in El Paso County in cooperation with
the Pikes Peak Region. The council reviews the state Air Pollution Control Division.The
current and emerging air quality issues and goals, department collects air quality data from the
and develops plans to improve air quality, monitoring sites in accordance with EPA require-
ments.
A daily air quality index report is prepared
El Paso County by staff and reported to the public twice a day via
Air Quality Section our web site and a telephone hotline.
Presentations about local and state air quality
www.elpasocountyhealth.org/
issues are given to civic groups and schools in El
The Air Quality Section of the El Paso Paso County.
County Department of Health and Environment The department also is responsible for
has the responsibility for enforcement, monitor- enforcement of a local air quality regulation
ing and educational aspects of the Colorado Air which covers emissions from fugitive dust
Pollution Prevention and Control Act. sources such as earthmoving, demolition,
Inspections are conducted on minor sources sandblasting and open burning.
of air pollution such as auto body repair shops,
earthmoving activities and chlorofluorocarbon
sources.
23
2001-2002 Report to the Public
South Central Region
Pueblo
The South Central Region is comprised of
Pueblo, Huerfano and Las Animas counties. Its
population is approximately 164,541 (2000 PUEBLO
census).Major urban centers include Pueblo,
Trinidad and Walsenburg.The region has
rolling semiarid plains to the east and is
mountainous to the west. HUERFANO
Walsenberg•
Air Pollution Sources
LAS ANIMAS
Pollution in this area comes from various
sources, including fugitive dust (area contri-
bution), mobile sources and stationary .Trinidad
sources. The criteria pollutants including
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur
dioxide and PM10 as well as volatile
organic compounds have been modeled for I ‘)--_L;
the region. Modeling shows that the two
significant contributors to air pollution are
mobile and area sources. Point sources are
a minor contributor. Examples of mobile
sources are motor vehicle emissions.Area
sources are dust from unpaved roads and open
burning. Point sources include facilities
such as power plants,concrete batch
plants, and sand and gravel mining and South Central Region Air Pollution Sources
processing operations. Tons Per Year
o� ®Biogenic
Air Pollution Control Measures IN Mobile
The local health department,under a -
G Area
contract with the Colorado Air Pollution
Control Division, conducts inspections of ;point
more than 20 stationary sources annually. 60°
This contract also provides for chlorofluo- o -
rocarbon (CFC) and asbestos field inspec-
tions.
CFC inspections include air condi- o
boning and appliance service and repair s°�
shops. Asbestos inspections primarily are o
in response to citizen complaints. Moni- CO NOX VOC PM10 SO2 HAPs
toring occurs for particulate matter in two
size ranges: PMI0 0 and PM2.5.
Historically and currently, all of the South CO: Carbon Monoxide
Ne
Central Region is in compliance with the Na- VOC Volatile Nitrat Organic Organic Compounds
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) PM10: Particles under 10 microns
through past and current efforts in inspection, 602: Sulfur Dioxide
monitoring, enforcement and education. HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
24
South Central Renton
Pueblo City-County implementation of the new dust ordinance, the
Health Department number of complaints received regarding dust
www.ci.pueblo.co.us/healthdp.html from these kinds of activities has been reduced
For the past several years, the local air by 65 percent.
quality program has focused on fugitive dust The community in Pueblo County has
originating from land development and construc- become interested in air pollution issues in recent
tion activities. Recently, the existing local dust years. The announcement in 2000 of the con-
ordinance was modified to address fugitive dust struction of a large cement manufacturing plant
issues. For larger land development activities, a increased public awareness and concerns about
permit is required, which includes a detailed dust air quality. Pueblo is developing an air quality
control plan. For smaller site disturbances, forum, in which air quality issues can be ad-
including individual building lots, contractors are dressed. The success of the forum will depend
required to sign off on an agreement to imple- upon results of other similar forums throughout
ment reasonable dust control measures at the the state. Pueblo also has begun an effort to raise
time they obtain their building permit. Since the public awareness about air quality.
25
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Western Slope Region
The Western Slope Region for air quality plan- aouTT
Steamboat
ning is composed of the counties lying west of the MOFFAT Springs- JACKSON
Continental Divide, and several counties just east of
the Divide.The population of this area is approxi- GRAND
RIO BLANCO rn
mately 579,3]2 (2000 census). The Rocky Moun- I vale•
tains are the predominant feature in much of this GARFIELD EAGLE SUMMIT
region. •Aspen e
MESA PITKIN LAKE
•Grand DELTA CHAFFEE
Air Pollution Sources on •Delta GUNNISON
Air quality program emphasis in this _Montrone• FREMONT
region has undergone a shift from energy- MONTROSE Canon City
OURAY CUSTER
related industrial operations to concerns SAN MIGUEL HINSDALE SAGUACHE
about community area sources. In other 'I SAN 1 MINERAL
DOLORES T JUAN
words,program emphasis has shifted J RIO ALAMOSAI
LA PLATA I GRAND
from coal mines,oil shale and refineries I , MONTEZUMA /Durango- rosnLLA
ARCHULETA CONEJOS
to woodstoves,unpaved roads and i ..L__
street sanding.
Controlled and uncontrolled bums
are a significant source of air pollu-
tion in this region.
Several air pollution sources
common to large urban areas—motor
vehicles, woodburning and street Western Slope Air Pollution Sources
sand dust—contribute to air quality Tons Per Year
problems in many of the region's ,
towns and cities. °
°cy - le Biogenic
a
Air Pollution Control " c? ■Mobile
' El Area
Measures °°°
Many western slope communities o°°� - CO Point
have taken aggressive action to °°°.
control woodburning emissions.The
municipalities of Aspen,Crested bo -
Butte, Steamboat Springs,Telluride e
and Vail, and Pitkin, San Miguel, a°°' ill-
Summit,Mesa,and Eagle counties e s
have adopted either mandatory or ci °
voluntary control measures to reduce CO NOX VOC PM10 SO2 HAPs
woodburning pollution during winter
seasons. Increased awareness of
visibility impacts and fine particle levels spurred the CO: Carbon Monoxide
installation of new air monitoring equipment to NOx: Nitrogen Oxide
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
gauge those impacts.The region also has a number of PM1o: Particles under 10 microns
local agencies that conduct air quality control pro- 5O2: Sulfur Dioxide
grams. HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants
26
Western Slone Region
City of Aspen Delta County
Environmental Health Department The Delta County Environmental Health
www.aspenpitkin.com Division acts in a supportive role for the state Air
Pollution Control Division in the following
The City of Aspen Environmental Health areas:
Department conducts a variety of air quality- •A community-based task force for air
related activities.The department advises elected quality meets to discuss air quality issues and
officials on ways to improve air quality and makes plans to improve air quality in Delta
provides technical assistance on air quality County.
issues. Since 83 percent of the area's coarse •The Delta County Air Quality Task Force
particle pollution (PM10)on high pollution days offers rebates for old wood burning stoves that
comes from traffic on unswept paved roads, most are replaced with clean burning units.
efforts focus on reducing traffic, improved street- •The Environmental Health Division
cleaning and preventing mud from being carried operates a PM 2.5 sampler and a PM10 sampler
onto the roads. located in Delta.
Department staff also determine the traffic •The Environmental Health Division works
and air quality impacts of proposed land devel- with the Mesa County Health Department to
opment projects and ensure that air pollution issue "No-Burn Advisories" during the winter
mitigation plans will prevent developments from heating season.
significantly increasing traffic and particle air •The Environmental Health Division
pollution. enforces the Delta County Open Burning Regu-
The city monitors PM10 levels using a real- lations.
time monitor, and posts the most recent month's • Stationary source pollution complaints,
readings on its Internet site, such as fugitive dust control, odors, and stack
www.aspenpitkin.com/. emissions, are investigated and referred to the
state Air Pollution Control Division.
Canon City
Routt County
In March 1988,Canon City officially
adopted a series of local measures to reduce The Routt County Department of Environ-
particulate matter produced from street sanding. mental Health maintains an air monitoring
Street sand was the city's main source of particu- program on behalf of the state Air Pollution
late pollution. The program of street sweeping Control Division for the Steamboat Springs air
on a regular basis began in the winter of 1987- shed. The department manages five PM10
1988 and has continued since. monitors (one of which is a real-time monitor)
Canon City has shown attainment of the and one PM 2.5 monitor.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for fine The Steamboat Springs airshed has been in
particulates. Canon City has been awarded a PMI0 compliance since 1996. An air quality
Congestion Mitigation/Air Quality Program attainment plan has been developed and ap-
grant for the past four years and these funds have proved by the Air Quality Control Commission.
been used each year for the paving of unpaved Required approvals by the legislature, the
streets. Since 1999, these grant funds have been governor's office, and EPA are anticipated.
used to pave almost two miles of gravel streets.
In addition,Canon City annually treats more
than three miles of gravel streets with magne-
sium chloride to further reduce fugitive dust.
27
2001-2002 Report to the Public
San Miguel County
The San Miguel County Planning and
Environmental Health Departments administer
regulations aimed at protecting county air
quality.
The county has banned installation of solid-
fuel burning devices in a 27-square mile area
around Telluride to limit particle emissions.
Paving is required for all new streets in this area
to prevent pollution from vehicle re-entrained
dust. The county also has approved plans to pave
existing roads as necessary to protect air quality
and has installed permanent traffic counters at its
most active highway segments to aid in correlat-
ing traffic volumes with pollution levels.
A computer model ("Wyndvalley 3") is
being developed to help the county understand
pollutant dispersion in the Telluride airshed and
improve prediction of future pollution levels.A
recently installed Graseby Beta Gauge, which
provides real-time air quality monitoring, already
has proven beneficial in charting daily patterns
of accumulation and dispersion of particles.
Telluride became a demonstration site for the
state's PM2.5 monitoring network in 2000.
Improved street sweeping, sanding and
chemical de-icing practices by the town of
Telluride, and a free gondola system linking
Telluride and Mountain Village that opened in
late 1996, have helped reduce particle emissions
to the lowest levels measured in the region since
monitoring began in 1973.
Telluride was redesignated by the state in
March 2000 for attainment of the federal PM 10
standards.
28
2001 Air Pollution Levels
Central Front Range: counties of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Clear Creek, Denver,
Douglas, Gilpin, Jefferson.
Pollutant Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
with Highest Level * (See appendix for standards)
Carbon 2105 Broadway, Denver 9.8 ppm--26%of 1-hour standard
Monoxide
2105 Broadway, Denver 4.1 ppm--43%of 8-hour standard
Ozone 20th&Quaker Streets,Golden .115 ppm--92%of 1-hour standard(1st max.)
16600 W. Hwy. 128, Rocky Flats .082 ppm--96%of 8-hour standard(4th max.)
Nitrogen 2105 Broadway, Denver .037 ppm--69%of annual average standard
Dioxide
Sulfur ' 2105 Broadway, Denver 109 ppm--20%of 3-hour standard
Dioxide 2105 Broadway,Denver. .033 ppm -23%of 24-hour standard :.
:: ...::' .:: "
2105 Broadway, Denver .005 ppm-- 14%of annual standard
PM10 7101 Birch St.,Commerce City 143 ug/m3--92%of 24-hour standard
4301 E. 72nd Ave.,Adams City 43 ug/m3--85%of annual avg.standard
PM2.5. 4301 E.72nd Ave.,Adams City 57.3 ug/ma 87%of 24 hour standard
4301 E.72nd Ave.,AdamssCity 12.3 ug/m3--79%of annual avg.standard
Lead 5400 N.Washington, Denver .10 ug/m3--6.5% of calendar quarter standard
* For carbon monoxide, the site with the highest second maximum value is used for consistency with standards.
For the eight-hour ozone standard, the site with the highest fourth maximum value is used for consistency with
standards.
29
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Eastern High Plains: counties of Baca, Bent, Cheyenne, Crowley, Elbert, Kiowa, Kit
Carson, Lincoln, Logan, Morgan, Otero, Phillips, Prowers, Sedgwick, Washington, Yuma
Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
Pollutant
with Highest Level * (See appendix for standards)
PM10 Lamar Power Plant, 100 N. 2nd Ave. 152 ug/m3--98%of 24-hour standard
Lamar Power Plant, 100 N.2nd Ave. 30 ug/m3--59%of annual average standard
RM2.5 Vicinity of Roads 5 and 98,Elbert County 11.6 ug/m3--18%of 24-hour standard
Vicinity of Roads 5 and 98,Elbert County 43 ug/m3 28%of annual average standard
Northern Front Range: counties of Larimer, Weld
Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
Pollutant
with Highest Level * (See appendix for standards)
Carbon 708 S. Mason St., Fort Collins 6.8 ppm-- 19%of 1-hour standard
Monoxide 811 15th St., Greeley 3.7 ppm--39%of 8-hour standard
.117 ppm--94%of 1-hour standard(1st max.)
811:18th S;.,�Gnaatey ,
Ozone8-hour standard(4th max.)
811 15th;�t.,:� � :.. .... .084 ppm 99%of
1516 Hospital Road, Greeley 55 ug/m3--35%of 24-hour standard
PM10 1516 Hospital Road, Greeley 21 ug/m3--42%of annual average standard
1004 Main St.,Platteville 50.8 ug/rn.' 78%of 24-hour standard
PM2.5 1004 Main St.,Platteville 10.6 ug/m3 68%of annual average standard
* For carbon monoxide,the site with the highest second maximum value is used for consistency with standards.
For the eight-hour ozone standard,the site with the highest fourth maximum value is used for consistency with
standards.
30
Air Pollution Levels
Pikes Peak Region: counties of El Paso, Park, Teller
Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
Pollutant
with Highest Level * (See appendix for standards)
Carbon 690 W. Hwy. 24, Colorado Springs 9.3 ppm -- 26%of 1-hour standard
Monoxide 690 W. Hwy. 24, Colorado Springs 4.4 ppm -- 46%of 8-hour standard
Road 640, USAF Academy
.087 ppm 54%of 1-hour standard (1st max)
Road 640, USAF Academy 072 ppm --85%of 8-hour standard (4th max)
PM1 0 Bennet Ave. & 2nd St., Cripple Creek 67 ug/m3--43%of 24-hour standard
101 W. Costilla, Colorado Springs 25 ug/m3-- 50%of annual average standard
P Z.5 3730 Meadowlands, Colorado Springs 31.7 ug/m3--48%of,•24-hour standard
101 W.Costilla, Colorado Springs 7.8 ug/ms -.50%of annual average standard ..
Lead 101 W. Costilla, Colorado Springs .01 ug/m3-- .65%of calendar quarter std.
" For carbon monoxide, the site with the highest second maximum value is used for consistency with standards.
For the eight-hour ozone standard,the site with the highest fourth maximum value is used for consistency with
standards.
31
2001-2002 Report to the Public
South Central: counties of Huerfano, Las Animas, Pueblo
•
Pollutant Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
with Highest Level (See appendix for standards)
PM10 211 D Street, Pueblo 115 ug/m3--74%of 24-hour standard
211 D Street, Pueblo 25 ug/m3--50%of annual average standard
PM2.5
211 D Street, Pueblo 28.5 ug/m3--44%of 24-hour standard
211 D Street,Pueblo 8.5 ug/m3 -55%of annual average standard
Western Slope: counties of Alamosa, Archuleta, Chaffee, Conejos, Costilla, Custer, Delta,
Dolores, Eagle, Fremont, Garfield, Grand, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Jackson, Lake, La Plata, Mesa,
Mineral, Moffat, Montezuma, Montrose, Ouray, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, Rio Grande, Routt, Saguache,
Summit, San Juan, San Miguel
Pollutant Monitoring Site Percent of Standard
with Highest Level* (See appendix for standards)
•
Carbon Stocker Stadium,Grand Junction 6.1 ppm -- 17%of 1-hour standard
Monoxide Stocker Stadium,Grand Junction 3.7 ppm--39%of 8-hour standard
P M 10 e., amboat rings 170 ug/m3 110%of 24-hour standard •.•
• 34 ug/m3--62%of annual average standard
2FI 3rd Ave.,.Durango
PM2.5 Mesa County Health Dept., Grand Junction 23.9 ug/m3--36%of 24-hour standard
Mesa County Health Dept., Grand Junction 7.9 ug/m3--51%of annual average standard
Lead 510 Harrison,Lesdvllle • .07 ug/m3 --4.5%of calendar quarter standard
* For carbon monoxide,the site with the highest second maximum value is used for consistency with standards.
For the eight-hour ozone standard,the site with the highest fourth maximum value is used for consistency with
standards.
32
Regional Air Quality Agencies
Central Front Range Region Eastern High Plains Region
Regional Air Quality Council City of Lamar
1445 Market St., Ste. 260 102 E. Parmenter
Denver, CO 80202 Lamar, CO 81502
(303) 629-5450 (719) 336-4376
Boulder County Health Department Southeastern Land and Environment
3450 Broadway 109 W. Lee Ave., Suite 1
Boulder, CO 80304 Lamar,CO 80817
(303)441-1100 (719) 336-8988
Clear Creek County Northeast Colorado Health Department
Environmental Health Specialist 700 Columbine Street
P.O. Box 2000 Sterling,CO 80751
Georgetown, CO 80444 (970) 552-3741
(303) 679-2335
Otero County Health Department
Denver Department of Environmental Health County Courthouse, Rm 110
Environmental Protection Division La Junta,CO 81050
1391 Speer Blvd., Ste. 700 (719) 384-2584
Denver, CO 80204
(303) 285-4053
Gilpin County Northern Front Range Region
Environmental Health Officer
County Courthouse North Front Range Transportation and Air
Central City, CO 80427 Quality Planning Council
(303) 582-5214 210 East Olive St.
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Jefferson County Department of Health and (970) 221-6608
Environment
260 S. Kipling St. City of Fort Collins
Lakewood, CO 80226 Natural Resources Division
(303) 239-7066 281 N. College
Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580
Tri-County Health Department (970) 221-6600
(Adams,Arapahoe and Douglas Counties)
7000 E. Belleview, Ste. 301 City of Greeley
Englewood,CO 80111 1000 10th St.
(303) 220-9200 Greeley,CO 80531
(970) 350-9783
Larimer County
Department of Health and Environment
1525 Blue Spruce
Fort Collins, CO 80524
(970) 498-6775
33
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Weld County Department of Health Western Slope Region
1555 N. 17th Ave.
Greeley, CO 80631 Archuleta County
(970) 304-6415 Box 1507
Pagosa Springs, CO 81147
Pikes Peak Region Aspen and Pitkin County
Environmental Health Department
Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments 130 S. Galena
15 South Seventh Ave. Aspen, CO 81611
Colorado Springs, CO 80905 (970) 920-5070
(719) 471-7080
Chaffee County
El Paso County Environmental Health Officer
Department of Health and Environment P.O. Box 699
301 S. Union Blvd. Salida, CO 81201
Colorado Springs, CO 80910 (970) 539-2124
(719) 578-3137
Delta County Health Department
Park County 164 W. Second
Environmental Health Officer Delta,CO 81416
P.O. Box 216 (970) 874-2165
Fairplay,CO 80441
(719) 836-2771 Eagle County Environmental Health Division
P.O. Box 850
Teller County Eagle, CO 81631
Environmental Health Officer (970) 328-8755
P.O. Box 118
Woodland Park,CO 80863 Fremont County and Canon City
(719) 687-3048 P.O. Box 1460
Canon City,CO
(719) 269-9011
South Central Region Garfield County
Environmental Health Officer
Pueblo City-County Health Department 109 8th St., Suite. 303
151 Central Main Glenwood Springs,CO 81601
Pueblo, CO 81003 (970) 945-2339
(719) 583-4323
Gunnison County
Las Animas-Huerfano Environmental Health Officer
District Health Department County Courthouse
412 Benedicta Avenue Gunnison, CO 81230
Trinidad,CO 81082 (970) 641-4100
(719) 846-2213
--and--
119 E. 5th St.
Walsenberg, CO 81089
(719) 738-2650
34
Air Quality Agencies
Lake County San Juan Basin Health Unit
Environmental Health Department P.O. Box 140
P.O. Box 513 Durango,CO 81302
Leadville, CO 80461 (970) 247-5702
(719) 486-1796
San Miguel Environmental Health Department
Mesa County Health Department P.O. Box 4130
515 Patterson Road Telluride,CO 81435
Grand Junction,CO 81506 (970) 728-0447
(970) 248-6960
Summit County
Moffat County and Rio Blanco County Environmental Health Department
Sanitarian Box 626
221 Victory Way Frisco,CO 80443
Craig, CO 81624 (970) 668-0727
(970) 824-2643
Town of Vail
Montezuma County Health Department 75 S. Frontage Rd.
County Courthouse Vail, CO 81657-509
Cortez, CO 81321 (970)479-2138
(970) 565-3056
Montrose County
Environmental Health Officer
P.O. Box 1289
Montrose,CO 81401
Routt County
Environmental Health Department
Box 770087
Steamboat Springs,CO 80477
(970) 879-0185
35
2001-2002 Report to the Public
This page intentionally left blank
36
Appendix
Appendix
Colorado Air Quality Regulations
Health-Related Air Pollutants
Enforcement Report Summary, 2001 -2002
Appendix--page /
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Colorado Air Quality Regulations
www.cdphe.state.co.us/regutate.asp Air Pollution Emission Notices-
Permits
Ambient Air Quality Standards Regulation No. 3
Regulation Regulation No. 3 requires air pollution
This regulation establishes ambient air sources to file Air Pollution Emission Notices. It
quality standards for the state of Colorado and also requires that new or modified sources of air
dictates monitoring procedures and data handling pollution—with certain exemptions—obtain
protocols. It also defines nonattainment area preconstruction permits. Very large facilities also
boundaries for locations in the state which are required to obtain operating permits.
historically have violated federal and state air
quality standards. In addition,the regulation Woodburning Controls
contains the state's urban visibility standard and Regulation No. 4
sets emission budgets for nonattainment areas. Regulation No. 4 requires new stove and
fireplace inserts to meet federal certification in
State Implementation Plan Specific specified areas of the state.
Regulations
This regulation defines specific requirements Emissions Trading Program
concerning air quality control strategies and Regulation No. 5
contingency measures for nonattainment areas in Regulation No. 5 will provide a generic
the state. emissions trading program for stationary sources
to take credit for actual emissions reductions at
Particles, Smokes, Carbon their facilities.This regulation will set up a
completely voluntary program and establish no
Monoxide and Sulfur Oxides
new requirements. It is pending EPA approval.
Regulation No. 1
Regulation No. 1 sets forth emission limita- New Source Performance
tions, equipment requirements and work prac- Standards
tices (abatement and control measures) intended
to control the emissions of particles, smoke and Regulation No. 6
sulfur oxides from new and existing stationary Regulation No. 6 sets standards of perfor-
sources.Control measures specified in this mance for specific new stationary sources in
regulation are designed to limit emissions into Colorado.The regulation is designed to bring
the atmosphere and thereby minimize the ambi- new sources into compliance with the EPA's New
ent concentrations of particles and sulfur oxides. Source Performance Standards. In addition, the
regulation sets standards for new industries that
Odor Control are unique to Colorado for which the EPA has
not yet set standards.
Regulation No. 2
Regulation No. 2 sets standards for allowable Volatile Organic Compounds
odor contaminants for different land-use areas in
the state and outlines control measures that can Control
be taken to bring violators into compliance. Regulation No. 7
Regulation No. 7 controls the emissions of
volatile organic compounds,primarily in the
Appendix--page 2
Appendix
Denver metro area. It sets standards and man- Oxygenated Fuels Program
dates controls for specific types of volatile Regulation No. 13
organic compound sources. Regulation No. 13 requires the use of
oxygenated fuels in gasoline-powered motor
Hazardous Air Pollutants Control vehicles in Colorado's Automobile Inspection
Regulation No. 8 and Readjustment program areas, except Colo-
Regulation No. 8 sets forth specific work rado Springs, from Nov. 1 through Feb. 7.
practices, emission control requirements and
standards for hazardous air pollutants. Chlorofluorocarbons
Regulation No. 15
Open Burning, Prescribed Fire, Regulation No. 15 identifies the require-
and Permitting ments to control emissions of ozone-depleting
Regulation No. 9 compounds from both stationary and mobile
Regulation No. 9 applies to all open burning sources.
activities throughout the state to control smoke
and emissions from such fires. The regulation Street Sanding & Sweeping
sets forth requirements for permitting including Regulation No. 16
prescribed fires,controlled burns, and significant g
users of prescribed fires. Regulation No. 16 sets specification stan-
dards for street sanding material and street
Transportation Conformity sweeping practices in the Automobile Inspection
and Readjustment program area, and the Denver
Regulation No. 10 metro fine particle nonattainment area.
Regulation No. 10 defines the criteria the
Colorado Air Quality Control Commission uses Acid Rain Control
to evaluate the consistency between state air
quality standards/objectives,and transportation Regulation No. 18
planning and major construction activities across Regulation No. 18 sets forth the requirement
the state, as defined in state implementation for implementing the state's acid rain program.
plans. This program is adopted by reference from the
federal program found in 40 C.F.R.,Part 72 as in
effect on Jan. 6, 1994.
Motor Vehicle Inspection Program
Regulation No. 11 Lead Based Paint
Regulation No. 11 requires automobile Regulation No. 19
emission inspection and maintenance programs Regulation No. 19 defines the requirements
to be implemented in specified areas of the state for certifying lead abatement professionals and
for gasoline-powered on-road vehicles.These work practice measures.
programs apply to businesses, industry and the
general public.
Diesel Vehicle Inspection Program
Regulation No. 12
Regulation No. 12 defines the state's diesel-
powered vehicle emission inspection and mainte-
nance program for on-road vehicles.
Appendix --page 3
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Areas Affected
Pollutants
Health Effects in Colorado
Carbon monoxide affects individuals by No violations statewide
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a depriving the body of oxygen. It enters the since 1995.
colorless,odorless and tasteless gas.It results body through the lungs and inhibits the
from incomplete combustion; its major body's ability to transport oxygen.Carbon
sources in urban areas are motor vehicle monoxide can reduce a healthy person's
ability to perform manual tasks,and it can
emissions and woodburning,
especially affect pregnant women,fetuses,
anemic individuals and persons with cardio-
vascular diseases.
Particulate Matter de it th°e tiny Particulate matter can reduce lung function, Elevated PM I O
'particles of solid or semi-solid material found aggravate respiratory conditions and zrray: levels occur in high
in the atmosphere,often referred to as dust. It increase the.long-term risk of cancer or density urban areas and
is.Classified according to size: development of respiratory problems. '. communities where.
. •TSP=total suspended particles blowing dust or wood
•PMIO=.particles smaller than 10 micrca�s... ... . : burnitt;g is a problem.
•PM2.5..particles smaller than.2 5
—� . . microns '.;:... Lamar and Alamosa had
,,., single-day exeeedan
ces
but no violations in 200
Ozone (03) •is a highly reactive form of Exposure to high concentrations of ozone Suburban areas down-
an impair the function of lungs; it may wind of urban areas;oxygen;it is not emitted directly from a source, c
induce respiratory symptoms in individuals exceedances of the new
rather it is formed from the reaction of pollutants
with asthma,emphysema or reduced lung eight-hour standard in
with sunlight.Ground-level ozone(photochemi-
cal smog)should not be confused with strato function; it potentially can reduce immune the Denver metro area
system capacity;and it can act as an irritant during summer of 2002.
spheric ozone—the protective ozone layer
to mucous membranes of eyes and throat.
located in the upper atmosphere.
Sulfur Dioxide(SO ) is a colorless Sulfur dioxide can aggravate an All of Colorado has
gas with a:pungent odor at,higt concen tions; individual's respiratory tract,impair met the standard.
it is: pulmonary functions and increase the'highly soluble with water and is a major
contributor:to"acid rain.`:Itis emitted primarily risk of asthma attacks.
fiats combuspon soumcs: ;::.
Lead can impair an individual's All of Colorado has
Lead (Pb) exists in the atmosphere production of hemoglobin;cause met the standard.
primarily as an inhalable particulate;its primary intestinal cramps,peripheral nerve
source is motor vehicles that burn leaded paralysis,anemia and severe fatigue.
gasoline.
Asbestos tan Cause resit
ASlaeStOS is a nttiuera]ftlier t'ound to:..:: respiratory problems and Buildings.where aslxsWs.
building materials and automobile.brake• ' increased risk of lung cancer, It can cause has.been used are of
linings. asbestosis—a scarring of the lung tissue :: primary concern,partial-.:
... thing;it also can cause, ' :laxly during removal or
which:restricts hies
mesothelioma-cancer of the lung and renovation,
. intestinal lini
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a Nitrogen dioxide can increase
gas contributing to photochemical smog respiratory problems,cause mild All of Colorado has met
g the standard.
(ozone)production.It is a by-product of symptomatic effects in asthmatic
oxides of nitrogen emitted from combustion individuals and increase susceptibility
sources and motor vehicles. to respiratory infections.
Hazardous Air Pollutants are Hazardous air pollutants can increase risk
pollutants known or suspected of causing cancer of;cancer,sterility and nervous system Statewide
or other serious health.effects;. .: disorders
Appendix--page 4
Appendix
State & Federal State & Local Programs/Strategies
Air Pollutant Standards To Reduce Air Pollutants
Two state and federal carbon monoxide standards Basic and Enhanced Automobile Inspection and Mainte-
exist.Both standards average the concentration of nance Programs,Oxygenated Gasoline Program,transporta-
carbon monoxide across specified time periods—one tion planning,travel reduction programs,woodburning
hour and eight hours.The one-hour standard is set at controls,stationary source controls and pollution prevention
35 parts per million and the eight-hour standard is set programs,High Pollution Advisory Program.
at 9 parts per million.
Federal and state standards for particulate matter Diesel Emissions Control Prograrit,street sanding and street
apply to particles less:than 2.5 microns in aerody- sweeping improvements,transportation;planning,Basic and
namic diameter(fine particles;PM2.5)and under 10 Enhanced Automobile Inspection and Maintenance Pro
microns(coarseparticles;:PM10).The PM2.5 and grams,travel reduction programs,woodburning.controls,...
PM10 standards average concentration levels on a stationary source controls and pollution prevention pro-'
24-hour and annual basis.The 24-hour standard for grams,High Pollution Advisory Program
PM2.5 is 65 ug/m=`(micrograms per cubic meter)
applied to the 98th percentile sample;the annual
standard is 15:ug/m' For.PM1O the standards are 150
ughn3(24-hour)and SO uglm'(annual)
State and federal standards for ozone apply to Basic and Enhanced Automobile Inspection and Mainte-
average concentration levels during eight-hour time nance programs.gasoline transfer controls,substitution of
periods.The standard allows up to 0.08 parts per non-reactive
a hydrocarbons,
ydcasummertimebo t cooneAd and ispollution
tio-
million of ozone to be present during any eight-hour prevention programs.
time period.The EPA has reinstated a previous,one- gram
hour standard of 0.12 ppm until issues surrounding
the eight-hour standard are resolved.
Three state and federal sulfur dioxide standards Air Quality Control Commission Regulations control sulfur
exist.Each considers average concentration levels dioxide emissions from industry.
across specified time periods;An annual standard is
set at 0.03 parts-per-million,a 24-hour
set at 0.14 ppm and a thtex standard is
. Standard is set:at0S::: _. `..
bolo
The federal lead standard is averaged across three- Leaded gasoline phase out and stationary source controls.
month time periods.During any three months,the
lead concentration is not to exceed 1.5 ug/m3.The
state lead standard is averaged across one-month
time periods and is not to exceed 1.5 ug/m3.
The state standard for asbestos is.set at Air Quality Control Commission Regulation No:8 controls
0.01 fibers/cc(fibers per cubic oentittieteti or 70 asbestos removal and abatement statewide.
structures per square millimeter depending on the
measurement method- .
The nitrogen dioxide standard averages concentra- Air Quality Control Commission Regulations control the
lion levels on an annual basis and allows up to 0.053 emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
parts-per-million of nitrogen dioxide per year.
Approximately 20 federal and state standards exist Woodburning controls and state/local pollution prevention
and are control technology based.:: programs reduce the prevalence of hazardous air pollutants.
Appendix -- page 5
2001-2002 Report to the Public
Stationary Sources Program Enforcement Update
Purpose
This portion of the report is intended to satisfy the requirement
which requires the Air Quality Control Commission to prepa e and make available to thepublic a
report that includes a list of all alleged violations of emission control regulations showing)the status of
control procedures in effect with respect to each such alleged violation.
The full enforcement report is available on-line at www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/enforcerept.asp.A
summary of enforcement statistics is provided on the following page.
Enforcement Program
The Field Services Unit regulates stationary sources, including open burning and odors. The unit
has been focusing more on early settlement agreements in lieu of issuing Notices of Violation and
Compliance Orders. Upon discovery of a violation, the inspector
l draft and sen
Compliance Advisory (CA) to notify the source of the noncompliance cay dThe Compliance
Advisory includes a statement that the company should contact the inspector to discuss the noncom-
pliance issues. Upon discussing the issue internally and with the company, unit staff will decide
whether to dismiss the violation, issue a Warning Letter, proceed with early settlement discussions, or
proceed with a formal enforcement action (issue a Notice of Violation).
Many of the cases are settled
prior to issuance of a Notice of Violation.
The Chlorofluorocarbon Unit enforces Regulation No. 15 concerning the control of chlorofluoro-
carbons. Most of the enforcement actions by this unit involve notification and certification require-
ments. As a result, the Chlorofluorocarbon Unit often sends out early settlement agreement offers and
Compliance Advisories. It issues few Notices of Violation.
The Asbestos Unit regulates companies involved in the abatement of asbestos. Building owners
and schools also are affected by asbestos control rules. In regulating schools, the Asbestos Unit issues
Notices of Noncompliance (NONs) which require the school to take certain steps to come into
compliance. Typically, if the school comes into compliance within the stated time period, the division
does not require the school to pay a civil penalty. The Asbestos Unit is not legally required to, but n (NOV) at typically
Violation conference is held, the Asbestos the Unit issue a set of an Warning
Letter,e action. After a
action, attempts to reach an early settlement agreement in the form of a Compliance Order on Consent
(COC), or issues a Compliance Order(CO). arning dismisses the
The table on the following page is a summary of the number of enforcement documents.
Appendix--page 6
Appendix
Enforcement Statistics - Fiscal Year 2002
Actions Field Services Unit Asbestos Unit CFC Unit
Warning Letters 91 7 5
Compliance Advisories 86 0 0
Notices of Violations 5 4 9
Notices of Noncompliance (schools only) 0 45 0
Compliance Orders 1 11 0
Compliance Orders on Consent and 75 12 34
Early Settlement Agreements
AQCC Hearings 0 0 0
Referrals to Attorney Generals Office 1 0 0
Referrals to EPA 0 0 0
Glossary of Terms
Compliance Advisory (CA): The division issues these to provide timely notice to a facility of apparent
violations found during an inspection. The division may or may not initiate a formal enforcement action,
depending on the type of violation and the response of the facility.
Compliance Order(CO): If the division determines that a violation or noncompliance did occur after a
notice of violation conference,it may issue a compliance order. The order includes the final determinations of
the division regarding the violation or noncompliance, a summary of the proceedings at the notice of violation
conference,and an evaluation of the evidence considered by the division in reaching its final determination of
law.
Compliance Order on Consent(COC): A settlement agreement or express terms, mutually agreed upon in
writing, between the recipient of an informal notice of noncompliance, notice of violation,or compliance order
and the division,resolving the discovered noncompliance issues.
Noncompliance Penalty (NCP): A penalty assessed pursuant to § 25-7-115(5),C.R.S.,to ensure a source
does not reap the economic benefit of noncompliance with a federal requirement, as required under 42 U.S.C. §
7420.
Notice of Noncompliance(NON): Issued to a school and requires the school to take certain steps to come
into compliance. Typically,if the school comes into compliance within the stated time period, the division does
not require the school to pay a civil penalty.
Notice of Violation (NOV): Is issued by the division to provide specific notice to a company of the
provisions alleged to have been violated, and the division's factual basis and legal conclusions for the allega-
tions.
Supplement Environmental Project(SEP): An environmentally beneficial expenditure or activity under-
taken by a source to mitigate some or all of a civil penalty in accordance with guidelines in this handbook.
Warning Letter: A written notification to a source that the division documented a violation,that further
recurrence could result in enforcement action being taken,but that no further enforcement action will result
directly from the instant violation.
Appendix --page 7
0.9 cOio
4, 1876
Colorado Department
of Public Health
and Environment
Hello