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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20021987.tiff \ a. , 3 CT 24...e." .y., 4 ®$® N.e 431 € 4.7 f 3 Y 42 'r a 3 `� - r .g .. to",.-.4.1", } R E h5 r.m � o �g+ 6 -- 4 . \\ `kt y" .; yo ;� t fly j' 'fi F N y X41 --,--41,.-: !'� �vrfi� .�• 4 n w {_� {{ \-\ it v F r a >re A:144,1.' wc4 c.n N t Q 7.+ .p.A •t 4 c n N II rn ir- 9 �o s 1 . - F 2002-1987 • i --- "- ------ "n 5 '1 i .N r • 26 SOIL SURVEY shale is about 18 inches. Permeability is moderate. Availa- plication of barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer. ble water capacity is low. The effective rooting depth is Keeping tillage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue 10 to 20 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and are important. the erosion hazard is moderate. In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, This unit is used as rangeland and wildlife habitat. The barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali sacaton, winter wheat and is summer fallowed in alternate years western wheatgrass, and blue grama. Buffalograss, to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is sideoats grama, needleandthread, little bluestem, sedge, too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. winterfat, and fourwing saltbush are also present. Poten- Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- tial production ranges from 800 pounds per acre in lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. favorable years to 500 pounds in unfavorable years. As The potential native vegetation on this range site is range condition deteriorates, the mid grasses decrease dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and an- grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, nuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential Management of vegetation on this unit should be based production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, Western wheatgrass, blue grama, alkali sacaton, sideoats and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama, little bluestem, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected the site as range condition becomes poorer. should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can Management of vegetation on this soil should be based be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. spring has proven most successful. Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats Rangeland wildlife, such as antelope, cottontail, and grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested coyote, are best suited to this unit. Because forage wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected production is typically low, grazing management is needed should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can if livestock and wildlife share the range. Livestock water- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be ing facilities also are utilized by various wildlife species. drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in The nearby cropland makes areas of this unit valuable as spring has proven most successful. escape cover for openland wildlife, especially pheasants. Windbreak and environmental plantings are generally Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Shaly not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to Plains range site. determine if plantings are feasible. 37—Nelson fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are small areas be developed by establishing areas for nesting and escape of soils that have sandstone at a depth of more than 40 cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- inches. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- sandy loam about 9 inches thick. The underlying material land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be is light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, a depth of about 30 inches. managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor 40 inches. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the ero- sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for sion hazard is low. dwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- This soil is suited to most of the irrigated crops com- tion plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to monly grown in the area, but it is somewhat restricted establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for because it is only moderately deep. A suitable cropping such recreational development as camp and picnic areas system is corn, corn for silage, barley, 3 to 4 years of al- and playgrounds. Capability subclass Ills irrigated, IVe falfa, and wheat. This soil is also well suited to irrigated nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. pasture. 38—Nelson fine sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. Row crops can be irrigated by furrows or sprinklers. This is a moderately deep, well drained soil on plains at Flooding from contour ditches and sprinkling are suitable elevations of 4,800 to 5,050 feet. It formed in residuum in irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Small heads derived from soft sandstone. Included in mapping are of water and short runs help to reduce erosion. Produc- small areas of soils that have sandstone at a depth of tion can be maintained with frequent irrigations and ap- more than 40 inches. WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 27 Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray fine establish. This soil, however, does have good potential for i•.andy loam about 8 inches thick. The underlying material such recreational development as camp and picnic areas light olive brown fine sandy loam. Soft sandstone is at and playgrounds. Capability subclass IVe irrigated, VIe a depth of about 28 inches. nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water 39—Nunn loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to well drained soil on terraces at elevations of 4,550 to 5,000 40 inches. Surface runoff is medium to rapid, and the ero- feet. It formed in mixed alluvium. Included in mapping sion hazard is moderate. are small, long and narrow areas of sand and gravel This soil is suited to limited cropping. Intensive deposits and small areas of soil that are subject to occa- cropping is hazardous because of erosion. The cropping sional flooding. Some small leveled areas are also in- system should be limited to such close grown crops as al- eluded. falfa, wheat, and barley. This soil is also suited to ir- Typically the surface layer of this Nunn soil is grayish rigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 brown loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is light years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small brownish gray clay loam about 12 inches thick. The upper • grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. part of the substratum is light brownish gray clay loam. Close grown crops can be irrigated from closely spaced The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is brown sandy contour ditches or sprinklers. Contour furrows or sprin- loam. klers should be used for new crops. Applications of Permeability is moderately slow. Available water nitrogen and phosphorus help in maintaining good produc- capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches tion. or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The potential native vegetation on this range site is low. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential in production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favors- g corn, sugar g beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few conservation prac- and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade tices are needed to maintain top yields. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- e site as range condition becomes poorer. rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- Windbreaks and environmental plantings of trees and tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. shrubs commonly grown in the area are generally well Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested suited to this soil. Cultivation to control competing wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The vegetation should be continued for as many years as g grass selected possible following planting. Trees that are best suited and should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and spring has proven most successful. hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush, lilac, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally Siberian peashrub, and American plum. not suited. Onsite investigation is needed to determine if Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The plantings are feasible. cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cropland areas provide wildlife habitat for ring-necked be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- This soil has fair to poor potential for urban develop- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- ment. It has moderate to high shrink swell, low strength, land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be and moderately slow permeability. These features create attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, problems in dwelling and road construction. Those areas managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. that have loam or sandy loam in the lower part of the The underlying sandstone is the most limiting feature substratum are suitable for septic tank absorption fields of this soil. Neither septic tank absorption fields nor and foundations. Some areas are adjacent to streams and sewage lagoons operate properly. Site preparation for are subject to occasional flooding. This soil has fair poten- eIwellings is more costly. Environmental and beautifica- tial for such recreational development as camp and picnic m plantings of trees and shrubs may be difficult to areas and playgrounds. Capability class I irrigated. • WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 45 range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, The potential vegetation is dominated by sand switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama, ( Nuestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand needleandthread, little bluestem, and blue grama. Poten- Sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade tial production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition favorable years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As becomes poorer. range condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, Management of vegetation on this soil should be based switchgrass, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- bluestem decrease, forage production drops, and sand tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. sage increases. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, and "blowout" conditions can occur as range condition sideoats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- becomes poorer. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Management of vegetation on this soil should be based blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder, or the on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, indiangrass, switchgrass, management also can help in improving deteriorated side-oats grama, little bluestem, and blue grama are suita- range. ble for seeding. Because this soil is susceptible to soil Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well blowing, it should be seeded using an interseeder or the suited to this soil. Blowing sand and the moderate availa- seed should be drilled into a firm, clean sorghum stubble. ble water capacity are the principal hazards in establish- Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Brush ing trees and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should management can also help in improving deteriorated be planted in shallow furrows, maintaining vegetation range. between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good not suited to this soil. Onsite investigation is needed to survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, determine if plantings are feasible. ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. ,yheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can This soil has fair potential for urban development. The • attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape chief limiting soil features are the rapid permeability and cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorption tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be lagoons must be sealed. Once established, lawns, shrubs, attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, and trees grow well. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. This soil has fair potential for urban development. The 71—Valent-Loup complex, 0 to 9 percent slopes. This primary limiting soil features are the rapid permeability level to moderately sloping map unit occupies hills, ridges, and the susceptibility to soil blowing. Septic tank absorp- and depression or pothole-like areas in the sandhills at tion fields function properly, but in places the sandy sub- elevations of 4,670 to 4,700 feet. The Valent soil makes up stratum does not properly filter the leachate. Sewage about 60 percent of the unit, the Loup soil about 35 per- lagoons must be sealed. Once established, the lawns, cent. About 5 percent is dune sand. The Valent soil occu- shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclass IVe ir- pies the hills and ridges and the Loup soil the depressions rigated, VIe nonirrigated; Deep Sand range site. or potholes. 70—Valent sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, The Valent soil is deep and excessively drained. It excessively drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,650 to formed in eolian deposits. Typically the surface layer is 5,100 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in brown sand about 8 inches thick. The underlying material mapping are small areas of soils that have lime within a to a depth of 60 inches is brown sand. depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of soils Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is that have sandstone between 40 and 60 inches. moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or Typically the surface layer of the Valent soil is brown more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is sand about 6 inches thick. The underlying material to a low. depth of 60 inches is brown sand. The Loup soil is deep and poorly drained. It formed in Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is sandy alluvium. Typically the surface layer is very dark moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or grayish brown, mottled loamy sand about 16 inches thick. more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is light emu'. brownish gray, mottled loamy sand and sandy loam. • 46 SOIL SURVEY Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick. rmoderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low. dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops com- hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con- range condition becomes poorer. trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate years 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch farming, striperopping, and minimum til- and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The potential native vegetation on this range site is becomes poorer. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, r in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, prevent range deterioration. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer. pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- and reseeding where needed. tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful. to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suited soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The " ' brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 6 cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can .D COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be ent, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in .and wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub. deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a y�� rd is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage f This soil is suited to limited cro in Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by pp g' the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe cropping is hazardous because of soil blowing. The irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. cropping system should be limited to such close grown 74—Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at to irrigated pasture. A suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are non- Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be calcareous to a depth of 60 inches. used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or Typically the surface layer is grayish brown. The upper spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 4 inches is fine barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light yellowish taro good production. brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer. Hello